1
|
Gallon R, Phelps R, Hayes C, Brugieres L, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Colas C, Muleris M, Ryan NAJ, Evans DG, Grice H, Jessop E, Kunzemann-Martinez A, Marshall L, Schamschula E, Oberhuber K, Azizi AA, Baris Feldman H, Beilken A, Brauer N, Brozou T, Dahan K, Demirsoy U, Florkin B, Foulkes W, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Jones KJ, Kratz CP, Lobitz S, Meade J, Nathrath M, Pander HJ, Perne C, Ragab I, Ripperger T, Rosenbaum T, Rueda D, Sarosiek T, Sehested A, Spier I, Suerink M, Zimmermann SY, Zschocke J, Borthwick GM, Wimmer K, Burn J, Jackson MS, Santibanez-Koref M. Constitutional Microsatellite Instability, Genotype, and Phenotype Correlations in Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:579-592.e8. [PMID: 36586540 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare recessive childhood cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mismatch repair variants. Constitutional microsatellite instability (cMSI) is a CMMRD diagnostic hallmark and may associate with cancer risk. We quantified cMSI in a large CMMRD patient cohort to explore genotype-phenotype correlations using novel MSI markers selected for instability in blood. METHODS Three CMMRD, 1 Lynch syndrome, and 2 control blood samples were genome sequenced to >120× depth. A pilot cohort of 8 CMMRD and 38 control blood samples and a blinded cohort of 56 CMMRD, 8 suspected CMMRD, 40 Lynch syndrome, and 43 control blood samples were amplicon sequenced to 5000× depth. Sample cMSI score was calculated using a published method comparing microsatellite reference allele frequencies with 80 controls. RESULTS Thirty-two mononucleotide repeats were selected from blood genome and pilot amplicon sequencing data. cMSI scoring using these MSI markers achieved 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 93.6%-100.0%) and specificity (95% CI 97.9%-100.0%), was reproducible, and was superior to an established tumor MSI marker panel. Lower cMSI scores were found in patients with CMMRD with MSH6 deficiency and patients with at least 1 mismatch repair missense variant, and patients with biallelic truncating/copy number variants had higher scores. cMSI score did not correlate with age at first tumor. CONCLUSIONS We present an inexpensive and scalable cMSI assay that enhances CMMRD detection relative to existing methods. cMSI score is associated with mismatch repair genotype but not phenotype, suggesting it is not a useful predictor of cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gallon
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Rachel Phelps
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christine Hayes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laurence Brugieres
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Léa Guerrini-Rousseau
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Team "Genomics and Oncogenesis of pediatric Brain Tumors," INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Chrystelle Colas
- Département de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martine Muleris
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Neil A J Ryan
- The Academic Women's Health Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hannah Grice
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Jessop
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Annabel Kunzemann-Martinez
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lilla Marshall
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Esther Schamschula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Oberhuber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hagit Baris Feldman
- The Genetics Institute and Genomics Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Beilken
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Brauer
- Pediatric Oncology, Helios-Klinikum, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Triantafyllia Brozou
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Dahan
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Ugur Demirsoy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Benoît Florkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - William Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kristi J Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian P Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Lobitz
- Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Julia Meade
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology Center, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Perne
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn and National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iman Ragab
- Pediatrics Department, Hematology-Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Rueda
- Hereditary Cancer Laboratory, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Astrid Sehested
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabel Spier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn and National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manon Suerink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie-Yvonne Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gillian M Borthwick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael S Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mauro Santibanez-Koref
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Refaat B, Zekri J, Aslam A, Ahmad J, Baghdadi MA, Meliti A, Idris S, Sultan S, Alardati H, Saimeh HA, Alsaegh A, Alhadrami M, Hamid T, Naeem ME, Elsamany SA. Profiling Activins and Follistatin in Colorectal Cancer According to Clinical Stage, Tumour Sidedness and Smad4 Status. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1610032. [PMID: 34867090 PMCID: PMC8634429 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1610032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the roles of activins and follistatin in colorectal cancers. Paired malignant and normal colonic tissues were collected from archived paraffin-embedded (n = 90 patients) alongside fresh (n = 40 patients) specimen cohorts. Activin β-subunits, follistatin and Smad4 mRNAs and proteins were measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Mature activin-A, -B, -AB and follistatin proteins were measured by ELISA. Cancer tissues having ≤ the 20th percentile of the Smad4 IHC score were considered as low (L-S4) group. The Smad4-intact SW480 and Smad4-null HT29 colon cancer cell lines were treated with activins and follistatin, and cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. The cell cycle inducing (CCND1/CCND3) and inhibitory (p21/p27) proteins alongside the survival (survivin/BCL2) and pro-apoptosis (Casp-8/Casp-3) markers were measured by immunofluorescence. Thirty-nine patients had right-sided cancers (30%) and showed higher rates of L-S4 tumours (n = 17; 13.1%) alongside worse clinicopathological characteristics relative to left-sided cancers. The βA-subunit and activin-A increased, whilst βB-subunit and activin-AB decreased, in malignant sites and the late-stage cancers revealed the greatest abnormalities. Interestingly, follistatin declined markedly in early-stage malignant tissues, whilst increased significantly in the advanced stages. All activin molecules were comparable between the early stage right- and left-sided tumours, whereas the late-stage right-sided cancers and L-S4 tumours showed more profound deregulations. In vitro, activin-A increased the numbers of the SW480 cells in sub-G1 and G0/G1-phases, whereas reduced the HT29 cell numbers in the sub-G1 phase with simultaneous increases in the G0/G1 and S phases. The p21/p27/Casp-8/Casp-3 proteins escalated, whilst CCND1/CCND3/BCL2/survivin declined in the SW480 cells following activin-A, whereas activin-A only promoted p21 and p27 alongside reduced CCND3 in the HT29 cells. By contrast, activin-AB increased the numbers of SW480 and HT29 cells in Sub-G1 and G0/G1-phases and promoted the anti-cancer and reduced the oncogenic proteins in both cell lines. In conclusion, activins and follistatin displayed stage-dependent dysregulations and were markedly altered during the advanced stages of right-sided and L-S4 cancers. Moreover, the activin-A actions in CRC could be Smad4-dependent, whereas activin-AB may act as a Smad4-independent tumour suppressor protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Zekri
- Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Baghdadi
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrazak Meliti
- Pathology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufian Sultan
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Alardati
- Pathology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Akram Saimeh
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Hamid
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed E Naeem
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereef Ahmed Elsamany
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Centre, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuza K, Nagahashi M, Ichikawa H, Hanyu T, Nakajima M, Shimada Y, Ishikawa T, Sakata J, Takeuchi S, Okuda S, Matsuda Y, Abe M, Sakimura K, Takabe K, Wakai T. Activin a Receptor Type 2A Mutation Affects the Tumor Biology of Microsatellite Instability-High Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:2231-2241. [PMID: 33420656 PMCID: PMC8728635 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) gastric cancer. However, the clinical relevance of the ACVR2A mutation in MSI-H gastric cancer patients remains unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the effect of ACVR2A mutation on the tumor behavior and to identify the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients with ACVR2A mutations. METHODS An in vitro study was performed to investigate the biological role of ACVR2A via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ACVR2A knockout MKN74 human gastric cancer cells. One hundred twenty-four patients with gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed, and relations between MSI status, ACVR2A mutations, and clinicopathological factors were evaluated. RESULTS ACVR2A knockout cells showed less aggressive tumor biology than mock-transfected cells, displaying reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05). MSI mutations were found in 10% (13/124) of gastric cancer patients, and ACVR2A mutations were found in 8.1% (10/124) of patients. All ACVR2A mutations were accompanied by MSI. The 5-year overall survival rates of ACVR2A wild-type patients and ACVR2A-mutated patients were 57% and 90%, respectively (P = 0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age (P = 0.015), distant metastasis (P < 0.001), and ACVR2A wild-type status (P = 0.040) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that gastric cancer patients with ACVR2A mutation have a significantly better prognosis than those without. Dysfunction of ACVR2A in MKN74 human gastric cancer cells caused less aggressive tumor biology, indicating the importance of ACVR2A in the progression of MSI-H tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kizuki Yuza
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hanyu
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Nakajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shiho Takeuchi
- Division of Cancer Genome Informatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan,Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 2-746 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8518, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan,Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Han G, Xu A, Cai H. Identification of Multidimensional Regulatory Modules Through Multi-Graph Matching With Network Constraints. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:987-998. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2927157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
5
|
Yoo SY, Lee JA, Shin Y, Cho NY, Bae JM, Kang GH. Clinicopathological Characterization and Prognostic Implication of SMAD4 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 53:289-297. [PMID: 31237997 PMCID: PMC6755646 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) has gained attention as a promising prognostic factor of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as a key molecule to understand the tumorigenesis and progression of CRC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1,281 CRC cases immunohistochemically for their expression status of SMAD4, and correlated this status with clinicopathologic and molecular features of CRCs. Results A loss of nuclear SMAD4 was significantly associated with frequent lymphovascular and perineural invasion, tumor budding, fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, higher pT and pN category, and frequent distant metastasis. In contrast, tumors overexpressing SMAD4 showed a significant association with sporadic microsatellite instability. After adjustment for TNM stage, tumor differentiation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and lymphovascular invasion, the loss of SMAD4 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for worse 5-year progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.60; p=.042) and 7-year cancer-specific survival (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.99; p=.022). Conclusions We confirmed the value of determining the loss of SMAD4 immunohistochemically as an independent prognostic factor for CRC in general. In addition, we identified some histologic and molecular features that might be clues to elucidate the role of SMAD4 in colorectal tumorigenesis and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunjoo Shin
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wodziński D, Wosiak A, Pietrzak J, Świechowski R, Jeleń A, Balcerczak E. Does the expression of the ACVR2A gene affect the development of colorectal cancer? Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:32-39. [PMID: 30856244 PMCID: PMC6428132 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has become a serious problem, especially in highly developed
countries. As reported by the World Health Organization, the number of colon
cancer cases in the world in 2012 amounted to 1.36 million. It is the second
most common cancer in females (614,000 cases, 9.2% of the total) and the third
in males (746,000 cases, 10.0% of the total) worldwide. It is believed that TGFβ
pathway elements are involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. This
study assessed one of these elements, the ACVR2A gene.
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the ACVR2A gene in 84
patients with colorectal cancer was performed. There was no statistically
significant association between ACVR2A gene expression and age,
gender, histological type, grading of tumor, vascular invasion, and presence of
lymphocytes in tumor tissue. No association was observed between the
ACVR2A gene expression level and the presence of metastases
in regional lymph nodes and distant metastases. In this study, larger tumors (T3
and T4) were characterized by higher ACVR2A expression compared
to smaller tumors (T1 and T2). This may indicate an association between
ACVR2A expression and the severity of pathological changes
in the tumor growth process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Wodziński
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wosiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Pietrzak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Świechowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jeleń
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khanduri A, Sahu AR, Wani SA, Khan RIN, Pandey A, Saxena S, Malla WA, Mondal P, Rajak KK, Muthuchelvan D, Mishra B, Sahoo AP, Singh YP, Singh RK, Gandham RK, Mishra BP. Dysregulated miRNAome and Proteome of PPRV Infected Goat PBMCs Reveal a Coordinated Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2631. [PMID: 30524425 PMCID: PMC6262310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the miRNAome and proteome of virulent Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed. The identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were found to govern genes that modulate immune response based on the proteome data. The top 10 significantly enriched immune response processes were found to be governed by 98 genes. The top 10 DEmiRNAs governing these 98 genes were identified based on the number of genes governed by them. Out of these 10 DEmiRNAs, 7 were upregulated, and 3 were downregulated. These include miR-664, miR-2311, miR-2897, miR-484, miR-2440, miR-3533, miR-574, miR-210, miR-21-5p, and miR-30. miR-664 and miR-484 with proviral and antiviral activities, respectively, were upregulated in PPRV infected PBMCs. miR-210 that inhibits apoptosis was downregulated. miR-21-5p that decreases the sensitivity of cells to the antiviral activity of IFNs and miR-30b that inhibits antigen processing and presentation by primary macrophages were downregulated, indicative of a strong host response to PPRV infection. miR-21-5p was found to be inhibited on IPA upstream regulatory analysis of RNA-sequencing data. This miRNA that was also highly downregulated and was found to govern 16 immune response genes in the proteome data was selected for functional validation vis-a-vis TGFBR2 (TGF-beta receptor type-2). TGFBR2 that regulates cell differentiation and is involved in several immune response pathways was found to be governed by most of the identified immune modulating DEmiRNAs. The decreased luciferase activity in Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay indicated specific binding of miR-21-5p and miR-484 to their target thus establishing specific binding of the miRNAs to their targets.This is the first report on the miRNAome and proteome of virulent PPRV infected goat PBMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Khanduri
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, United States
| | - Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Piyali Mondal
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Aditya P Sahoo
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- ARIS Cell, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu Y, Zhang HL, Wang QY, Chen MJ, Liu LB. Overexpression of microRNA-612 Restrains the Growth, Invasion, and Tumorigenesis of Melanoma Cells by Targeting Espin. Mol Cells 2018; 41:119-126. [PMID: 29385671 PMCID: PMC5824021 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNA (miR)-612 shows anticancer activity in several types of cancers, yet its function in melanoma is still unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of miR-612 and its biological relevance in melanoma cell growth, invasion, and tumorigenesis. The expression and prognostic significance of miR-612 in melanoma were examined. The effects of miR-612 overexpression on cell proliferation, colony formation, tumorigenesis, and invasion were determined. Rescue experiments were conducted to identify the functional target gene(s) of miR-612. miR-612 was significantly downregulated in melanoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Low miR-612 expression was significantly associated with melanoma thickness, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall, and disease-free survival of patients. Overexpression of miR-612 significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of SK-MEL-28 and A375 melanoma cells. In vivo tumorigenic studies confirmed that miR-612 overexpression retarded the growth of A375 xenograft tumors, which was coupled with a decline in the percentage of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells. Mechanistically, miR-612 targeted Espin in melanoma cells. Overexpression of Espin counteracted the suppressive effects of miR-612 on melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis. A significant inverse correlation (r = -0.376, P = 0.018) was observed between miR-612 and Espin protein expression in melanoma tissues. In addition, overexpression of miR-612 and knockdown of Espin significantly increased the sensitivity of melanoma cells to doxorubicin. Collectively, miR-612 suppresses the aggressive phenotype of melanoma cells through downregulation of Espin. Delivery of miR-612 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| | - Hao-liang Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| | - Qi-ying Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| | - Min-jing Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| | - Lin-bo Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panda A, Betigeri A, Subramanian K, Ross JS, Pavlick DC, Ali S, Markowski P, Silk A, Kaufman HL, Lattime E, Mehnert JM, Sullivan R, Lovly CM, Sosman J, Johnson DB, Bhanot G, Ganesan S. Identifying a Clinically Applicable Mutational Burden Threshold as a Potential Biomarker of Response to Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Solid Tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 2017:PO.17.00146. [PMID: 29951597 PMCID: PMC6016848 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An association between mutational burden and response to immune checkpoint therapy has been documented in several cancer types. The potential for such a mutational burden threshold to predict response to immune checkpoint therapy was evaluated in several clinical datasets, where mutational burden was measured either by whole-exome sequencing (WXS) or using commercially available sequencing panels. METHODS WXS and RNA-seq data of 33 solid cancer types from TCGA were analyzed to determine whether a robust immune checkpoint activating mutation (iCAM) burden threshold associated with evidence of immune checkpoint activation exists in these cancers that may serve as a biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. RESULTS We find that a robust iCAM threshold, associated with signatures of immune checkpoint activation, exists in 8 of 33 solid cancers: melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, endometrial cancer, stomach adenocarcinoma, cervical cancer, ER+HER2- breast cancer, and bladder-urothelial cancer. Tumors with mutational burden higher than the threshold (iCAM+) also had clear histologic evidence of lymphocytic infiltration. In published datasets of melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma and colon cancer, patients with iCAM+ tumors had significantly better response to immune checkpoint therapy compared to those with iCAM- tumors. ROC analysis using TCGA predictions as gold standard showed that iCAM+ tumors are accurately identifiable using clinical sequencing assays, such as FoundationOne or StrandAdvantage. Using the FoundationOne derived threshold, analysis of 113 melanoma tumors, showed that iCAM+ patients have significantly better response to immune checkpoint therapy. iCAM+ and iCAM- tumors have distinct mutation patterns and different immune microenvironments. CONCLUSION In 8 solid cancers, a mutational burden threshold exists that may predict response to immune checkpoint blockade. This threshold is identifiable using available clinical sequencing assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Panda
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Anil Betigeri
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kalyanasundaram Subramanian
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey S. Ross
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Dean C. Pavlick
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Siraj Ali
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Paul Markowski
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ann Silk
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Howard L. Kaufman
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Edmund Lattime
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Janice M. Mehnert
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine M. Lovly
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey Sosman
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Gyan Bhanot
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Anshuman Panda, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Edmund Lattime, Janice M. Mehnert, Gyan Bhanot, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Paul Markowski, Ann Silk, Howard L. Kaufman, Janice M. Mehnert, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; Anshuman Panda and Gyan Bhanot, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Anil Betigeri and Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India; Jeffrey S. Ross, Dean C. Pavlick, and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge; Ryan Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Christine M. Lovly and Douglas B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; and Jeffrey Sosman, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL,Corresponding author: Shridar Ganesan, MD, PhD, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08903; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun J, Liu X, Gao H, Zhang L, Ji Q, Wang Z, Zhou L, Wang Y, Sui H, Fan Z, Li Q. Overexpression of colorectal cancer oncogene CHRDL2 predicts a poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11489-11506. [PMID: 28009989 PMCID: PMC5355280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) both promote and suppress tumorigenesis, and multiple BMP antagonists reportedly contribute to cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrated that the BMP antagonist Chordin-like 2 (CHRDL2) is upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and that CHRDL2 levels correlate with clinical features of CRC patients, including tumor size, TNM staging, and tumor differentiation. In addition, survival rate and Cox proportional hazards model analyses showed that high CHRDL2 levels correlate with a poor prognosis in CRC. Moreover, CHRDL2 promoted CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, perhaps through up-regulation of Cyclin D1 and down-regulation of P21. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that CHRDL2 bound to BMPs, which inhibited p-Smad1/5, thereby promoting CRC cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. These results suggest CHRDL2 could serve as a biomarker of poor prognosis in CRC, and provide evidence that CHRDL2 acts as an oncogene in human CRC, making it a novel potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine & Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine & Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine & Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine & Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cancer Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongze Fan
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine & Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Analysis of somatic microsatellite indels identifies driver events in human tumors. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:951-959. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
12
|
Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Mohamed AM, Kensara OA, Ahmad J, Idris S. Activins and their related proteins in colon carcinogenesis: insights from early and advanced azoxymethane rat models of colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:879. [PMID: 27835986 PMCID: PMC5106801 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activin-A may exert pro- or anti-tumorigenic activities depending on cellular context. However, little is known about its role, or the other mature activin proteins, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study measured the expression of activin βA- & βB-subunits, activin type IIA & IIB receptors, smads 2/3/4/6/7 and follistatin in CRC induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. The results were compared with controls and disseminated according to the characteristics of histopathological lesions. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were allocated into 20 controls and the remaining were equally divided between short ‘S-AOM’ (15 weeks) and long ‘L-AOM’ (35 weeks) groups following injecting AOM for 2 weeks. Subsequent to gross and histopathological examinations and digital image analysis, the expression of all molecules was measured by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Activin-A, activin-B, activin-AB and follistatin were measured by ELISA in serum and colon tissue homogenates. Results Colonic pre-neoplastic and cancerous lesions were identified in both AOM groups and their numbers and sizes were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the L-AOM group. All the molecules were expressed in normal colonic epithelial cells. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater expression of βA-subunit, IIB receptor and follistatin in both pre-neoplastic and cancerous tissues. Oppositely, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the remaining molecules was detected in both AOM groups. Metastatic lesions were only observed within the L-AOM group and were associated with the most significant alterations of all molecules. Significantly higher concentrations of activin-A and follistatin and lower activin-AB were also detected in both groups of AOM. Tissue and serum concentrations of activin-A and follistatin correlated positively, while tissue activin-AB inversely, and significantly with the numbers and sizes of colonic lesions. Conclusions Normal rat colon epithelial cells are capable of synthesising, controlling as well as responding to activins in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Colonic activin systems are pathologically altered during tumorigenesis and appear to be time and lesion-dependent. Activins could also be potential sensitive markers and/or molecular targets for the diagnosis and/or treatment of CRC. Further studies are required to illustrate the clinical value of activins and their related proteins in colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2914-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama Adnan Kensara
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bi X, Xia X, Fan D, Mu T, Zhang Q, Iozzo RV, Yang W. Oncogenic activin C interacts with decorin in colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1786-1795. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Bi
- School of Life Science; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 China
| | - Xichun Xia
- School of Life Science; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- School of Life Science; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 China
| | - Teng Mu
- School of Life Science; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 China
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine University; Liaoning 110036 China
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology; Anatomy and Cell Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine; Jining Medical University; Jining Shandong 272067 China
- Department of Pathology; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois 60612
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
YANG XIUHUA, WU XIN. miRNA expression profile of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and identification of the oncogenic role of miR-590-5p. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:398-408. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
15
|
Zhang ST, Zuo C, Li WN, Fu XQ, Xing S, Zhang XP. Identification of key genes associated with the effect of estrogen on ovarian cancer using microarray analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:421-7. [PMID: 26264810 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify key genes related to the effect of estrogen on ovarian cancer. METHODS Microarray data (GSE22600) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Eight estrogen and seven placebo treatment samples were obtained using a 2 × 2 factorial designs, which contained 2 cell lines (PEO4 and 2008) and 2 treatments (estrogen and placebo). Differentially expressed genes were identified by Bayesian methods, and the genes with P < 0.05 and |log2FC (fold change)| ≥0.5 were chosen as cut-off criterion. Differentially co-expressed genes (DCGs) and differentially regulated genes (DRGs) were, respectively, identified by DCe function and DRsort function in DCGL package. Topological structure analysis was performed on the important transcriptional factors (TFs) and genes in transcriptional regulatory network using tYNA. Functional enrichment analysis was, respectively, performed for DEGs and the important genes using Gene Ontology and KEGG databases. RESULTS In total, 465 DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs indicated that ACVR2B, LTBP1, BMP7 and MYC involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway. The 2285 DCG pairs and 357 DRGs were identified. Topological structure analysis showed that 52 important TFs and 65 important genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis of the important genes showed that TP53 and MLH1 participated in DNA damage response and the genes (ACVR2B, LTBP1, BMP7 and MYC) involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway. CONCLUSION TP53, MLH1, ACVR2B, LTBP1 and BMP7 might participate in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zhu Hai, 519100, China
| | - Wan-nan Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue-qi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao-ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao RF, Li ZD, Jiang J, Yang LH, Zhu KT, Lin RX, Li H, Zhao Q, Zhang NS. hARIP2 is a putative growth-promoting factor involved in human colon tumorigenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8581-6. [PMID: 25374171 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin is a multifunctional growth and differentiation factor of the growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, which inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells. It induces phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules (Smads) by interacting with its type I and type II receptors. Previous studies showed that human activin receptor-interacting protein 2 (hARIP2) can reduce activin signaling by interacting with activin type II receptors; however, the activity of hARIP2 in colon cancer has yet to be detailed. In vitro, overexpression of hARIP2 reduced activin-induced transcriptional activity and enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation in human colon cancer HCT8 cells and SW620 cells. Also, hARIP2 promoted colon cancer cell apoptosis, suggesting that a vital role in the initial stage of colon carcinogenesis. In vivo, immunohistochemistry revealed that hARIP2 was expressed more frequently and much more intensely in malignant colon tissues than in controls. These results indicate that hARIP2 is involved in human colon tumorigenesis and could be a predictive maker for colon carcinoma aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Gao
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China E-mail : , ,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ballikaya S, Lee J, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gebert J, Kopitz J. De Novo proteome analysis of genetically modified tumor cells by a metabolic labeling/azide-alkyne cycloaddition approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3446-56. [PMID: 25225355 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.036665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin receptor type II (ACVR2) is a member of the transforming growth factor type II receptor family and controls cell growth and differentiation, thereby acting as a tumor suppressor. ACVR2 inactivation is known to drive colorectal tumorigenesis. We used an ACVR2-deficient microsatellite unstable colon cancer cell line (HCT116) to set up a novel experimental design for comprehensive analysis of proteomic changes associated with such functional loss of a tumor suppressor. To this end we combined two existing technologies. First, the ACVR2 gene was reconstituted in an ACVR2-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line by means of recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, resulting in the generation of an inducible expression system that allowed the regulation of ACVR2 gene expression in a doxycycline-dependent manner. Functional expression in the induced cells was explicitly proven. Second, we used the methionine analog azidohomoalanine for metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins in our cell line model. Labeled proteins were tagged with biotin via a Click-iT chemistry approach enabling specific extraction of labeled proteins by streptavidin-coated beads. Tryptic on-bead digestion of captured proteins and subsequent ultra-high-performance LC coupled to LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometry identified 513 proteins, with 25 of them differentially expressed between ACVR2-deficient and -proficient cells. Among these, several candidates that had already been linked to colorectal cancer or were known to play a key role in cell growth or apoptosis control were identified, proving the utility of the presented experimental approach. In principle, this strategy can be adapted to analyze any gene of interest and its effect on the cellular de novo proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ballikaya
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- ‖Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- ‖Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Siraj AK, Bu R, Prabhakaran S, Bavi P, Beg S, Al Hazmi M, Al-Rasheed M, Alobaisi K, Al-Dayel F, AlManea H, Al-Sanea N, Uddin S, Al-Kuraya KS. A very low incidence of BRAF mutations in Middle Eastern colorectal carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:168. [PMID: 25005754 PMCID: PMC4109832 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies emphasize the role of BRAF as a genetic marker for prediction, prognosis and risk stratification in colorectal cancer. Earlier studies have reported the incidence of BRAF mutations in the range of 5-20% in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) and are predominantly seen in the serrated adenoma-carcinoma pathway characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and hypermethylation of the MLH1 gene in the setting of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Due to the lack of data on the true incidence of BRAF mutations in Saudi Arabia, we sought to analyze the incidence of BRAF mutations in this ethnic group. Methods 770 CRC cases were analyzed for BRAF and KRAS mutations by direct DNA sequencing. Results BRAF gene mutations were seen in 2.5% (19/757) CRC analyzed and BRAF V600E somatic mutation constituted 90% (17/19) of all BRAF mutations. BRAF mutations were significantly associated with right sided tumors (p = 0.0019), MSI-H status (p = 0.0144), CIMP (p = 0.0017) and a high proliferative index of Ki67 expression (p = 0.0162). Incidence of KRAS mutations was 28.6% (216/755) and a mutual exclusivity was noted with BRAF mutations (p = 0.0518; a trend was seen). Conclusion Our results highlight the low incidence of BRAF mutations and CIMP in CRC from Saudi Arabia. This could be attributed to ethnic differences and warrant further investigation to elucidate the effect of other environmental and genetic factors. These findings indirectly suggest the possibility of a higher incidence of familial hereditary colorectal cancers especially Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome /Lynch Syndrome (LS) in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P,O, Box 3354 Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The promise of precision medicine is now a clinical reality. Advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of colorectal cancer (CRC) are leading to the development of a variety of biomarkers that are being used as early detection markers, prognostic markers, and markers for predicting treatment responses. This is no more evident than in the recent advances in testing CRCs for specific molecular alterations in order to guide treatment with the monoclonal antibody therapies cetuximab and panitumumab, which target the epidermal growth factor receptor. In this review, we update a prior review published in 2010 and describe our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CRC and how these alterations relate to emerging biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification (diagnostic markers), prognosis (prognostic markers), and the prediction of treatment responses (predictive markers).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Grady
- 1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bauer J, Sporn JC, Cabral J, Gomez J, Jung B. Effects of activin and TGFβ on p21 in colon cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39381. [PMID: 22761777 PMCID: PMC3383701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin and TGFβ share SMAD signaling and colon cancers can inactivate either pathway alone or simultaneously. The differential effects of activin and TGFβ signaling in colon cancer have not been previously dissected. A key downstream target of TGFβ signaling is the cdk2 inhibitor p21 (p21cip1/waf1). Here, we evaluate activin-specific effects on p21 regulation and resulting functions. We find that TGFβ is a more potent inducer of growth suppression, while activin is a more potent inducer of apoptosis. Further, growth suppression and apoptosis by both ligands are dependent on SMAD4. However, activin downregulates p21 protein in a SMAD4-independent fashion in conjunction with increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation to enhance migration, while TGFβ upregulates p21 in a SMAD4-dependent fashion to affect growth arrest. Activin-induced growth suppression and cell death are dependent on p21, while activin-induced migration is counteracted by p21. Further, primary colon cancers show differential p21 expression consistent with their ACVR2/TGFBR2 receptor status. In summary, we report p21 as a differentially affected activin/TGFβ target and mediator of ligand-specific functions in colon cancer, which may be exploited for future risk stratification and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Judith C. Sporn
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Cabral
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara Jung
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang X, Xiang G, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang X, Cao L, Peng H, Xue P, Chen D. MicroRNA-590-5p regulates proliferation and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting TGF-β RII. Mol Cells 2012; 33:545-51. [PMID: 22684895 PMCID: PMC3887758 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by binding to gene elements, such as the gene promotor 5'UTR, mainly in the 3'UTR of mRNA. One miRNA targets many mRNAs, which can be regulated by many miRNAs, leading to a complex metabolic network. In our study, we found that the expression level of miR-590-5p is higher in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 than in the normal hepatocellular cell line L02. Downregulation of miR-590-5p inhibited proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). We also showed that expression of TGF-beta RII, which has been regarded as a regulator of tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma, is regulated by miRNA-590-5p. In addition, miR-590-5p downregulated the expression of TGF-beta RII by targeting the 3'UTR of mRNA. We also found that downregulation of miR-590-5p was associated with an elevation of TGF-beta RII and inhibition of proliferation and invasion in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-590-5p was associated with upregulation of TGF-beta RII and could promote proliferation and invasion in L02 cells. In conclusion, we determined that TGF-beta RII is a novel target of miRNA-590-5p. Thus, the role of TGF-beta RII in regulating proliferation and invasion of human HCCs is controlled by miR-590-5p. In other words, miR-590-5p promotes proliferation and invasion in human HCCs by directly targeting TGF-beta RII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| | - Guangyang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| | - Yezeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| | | | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| | - Liangqi Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| | - Heping Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,
China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Activins are the members of transforming growth factor β superfamily and act as secreted proteins; they were originally identified with a reproductive function, acting as endocrine-derived regulators of pituitary follicular stimulating hormone. In recent years, additional functions of activins have been discovered, including a regulatory role during crucial phases of growth, differentiation, and development such as wound healing, tissue repair, and regulation of branching morphogenesis. The functions of activins through activin receptors are pleiotrophic, while involving in the etiology and pathogenesis of a variety of diseases and being cell type-specific, they have been identified as important players in cancer metastasis, immune responses, inflammation, and are most likely involved in cell migration. In this chapter, we highlight the current knowledge of activin signaling and discuss the potential physiological and pathological roles of activins acting on the migration of various cell types.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cassar L, Li H, Jiang FX, Liu JP. TGF-beta induces telomerase-dependent pancreatic tumor cell cycle arrest. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 320:97-105. [PMID: 20138964 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits telomerase activity by repression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. In this report, we show that TGF-beta induces TERT repression-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic tumor, vascular smooth muscle, and cervical cancer cell cultures. TGF-beta activates Smad3 signaling, induces TERT gene repression and results in G1/S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. TERT over-expression stimulates the G1/S phase transition and alienates TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our data suggest that telomere maintenance is a limiting factor of the transition of the cell cycle. TGF-beta triggers cell cycle arrest and death by a mechanism involving telomerase deregulation of telomere maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Cassar
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, AMREP, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Michel S, Kloor M, Singh S, Gdynia G, Roth W, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Schirmacher P, Bläker H. Coding microsatellite instability analysis in microsatellite unstable small intestinal adenocarcinomas identifies MARCKS as a common target of inactivation. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:175-82. [PMID: 19852062 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of small intestinal adenocarcinomas show inactivation of DNA-mismatch repair (MMR) and display high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H). MSI-H tumors progress as a result of mutations affecting coding microsatellites (coding microsatellite instability, cMSI) that may result in a functional inactivation of the encoded proteins and provide a selective growth advantage for the affected cell. To investigate the cMSI selection in small intestinal carcinogenesis 56 adenocarcinomas were tested for MSI. Eleven MSI-H carcinomas (19.6%) were identified and subjected to cMSI analysis in 24 potentially tumor relevant genes. Mutation frequencies were similar to those observed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Beside high frequencies of cMSI in TGFbetaR2, ACVR2, and AIM2 we detected MARCKS mutations in 10 out of 11 (91%) tumors with a 30% share of biallelic mutations. Since little is known about MARCKS expression in the intestine, we analyzed MARCKS protein expression in 31 carcinomas. In non-neoplastic mucosa, MARCKS was found to be expressed with a concentration gradient along the crypt-villus axis. In line with cMSI induced functional inactivation of MARCKS, 8 out of 11 MSI-H adenocarcinomas showed regional or complete loss of the protein. In microsatellite stable (MSS) small bowel adenocarcinoma, loss of MARCKS expression was seen in 2 out of 20 tumors (10%). In conclusion, we herein present a cMSI profile of MSI-H small intestinal adenocarcinomas identifying MARCKS as a frequent target of mutation. Loss of MARCKS protein expression suggests a significant role of MARCKS inactivation in the pathogenesis of small intestinal adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Michel
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Activin signaling in microsatellite stable colon cancers is disrupted by a combination of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8308. [PMID: 20011542 PMCID: PMC2789408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activin receptor 2 (ACVR2) is commonly mutated in microsatellite unstable (MSI) colon cancers, leading to protein loss, signaling disruption, and larger tumors. Here, we examined activin signaling disruption in microsatellite stable (MSS) colon cancers. Methods Fifty-one population-based MSS colon cancers were assessed for ACVR1, ACVR2 and pSMAD2 protein. Consensus mutation-prone portions of ACVR2 were sequenced in primary cancers and all exons in colon cancer cell lines. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was evaluated for ACVR2 and ACVR1, and ACVR2 promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing and chromosomal instability (CIN) phenotype via fluorescent LOH analysis of 3 duplicate markers. ACVR2 promoter methylation and ACVR2 expression were assessed in colon cancer cell lines via qPCR and IP-Western blots. Re-expression of ACVR2 after demethylation with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) was determined. An additional 26 MSS colon cancers were assessed for ACVR2 loss and its mechanism, and ACVR2 loss in all tested cancers correlated with clinicopathological criteria. Results Of 51 MSS colon tumors, 7(14%) lost ACVR2, 2 (4%) ACVR1, and 5(10%) pSMAD2 expression. No somatic ACVR2 mutations were detected. Loss of ACVR2 expression was associated with LOH at ACVR2 (p<0.001) and ACVR2 promoter hypermethylation (p<0.05). ACVR2 LOH, but not promoter hypermethylation, correlated with CIN status. In colon cancer cell lines with fully methylated ACVR2 promoter, loss of ACVR2 mRNA and protein expression was restored with 5-Aza treatment. Loss of ACVR2 was associated with an increase in primary colon cancer volume (p<0.05). Conclusions Only a small percentage of MSS colon cancers lose expression of activin signaling members. ACVR2 loss occurs through LOH and ACVR2 promoter hypermethylation, revealing distinct mechanisms for ACVR2 inactivation in both MSI and MSS subtypes of colon cancer.
Collapse
|
26
|
Katik I, Mackenzie-Kludas C, Nicholls C, Jiang FX, Zhou S, Li H, Liu JP. Activin inhibits telomerase activity in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:668-72. [PMID: 19769941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activin is a pleiotropic cytokine with broad tissue distributions. Recent studies demonstrate that activin-A inhibits cancer cell proliferation with unknown mechanisms. In this report, we demonstrate that recombinant activin-A induces telomerase inhibition in cancer cells. In breast and cervical cancer cells, activin-A resulted in telomerase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant inhibition was observed at 10 ng/ml of activin-A, with a near complete inhibition at 80 ng/ml. Consistently, activin-A induced repression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, with the hTERT gene to be suppressed by 60-80% within 24h. In addition, activin-A induced a concomitant increase in Smad3 signaling and decrease of the hTERT gene promoter activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. These data suggest that activin-A triggered telomerase inhibition by down-regulating hTERT gene expression is involved in activin-A-induced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indzi Katik
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ohnishi YN, Sakumi K, Yamazaki K, Ohnishi YH, Miura T, Tominaga Y, Nakabeppu Y. Antagonistic regulation of cell-matrix adhesion by FosB and DeltaFosB/Delta2DeltaFosB encoded by alternatively spliced forms of fosB transcripts. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:4717-29. [PMID: 18753407 PMCID: PMC2575163 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among fos family genes encoding components of activator protein-1 complex, only the fosB gene produces two forms of mature transcripts, namely fosB and DeltafosB mRNAs, by alternative splicing of an exonic intron. The former encodes full-length FosB. The latter encodes DeltaFosB and Delta2DeltaFosB by alternative translation initiation, and both of these lack the C-terminal transactivation domain of FosB. We established two mutant mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines carrying homozygous fosB-null alleles and fosB(d) alleles, the latter exclusively encoding DeltaFosB/Delta2DeltaFosB. Comparison of their gene expression profiles with that of the wild type revealed that more than 200 genes were up-regulated, whereas 19 genes were down-regulated in a DeltaFosB/Delta2DeltaFosB-dependent manner. We furthermore found that mRNAs for basement membrane proteins were significantly up-regulated in fosB(d/d) but not fosB-null mutant cells, whereas genes involved in the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway were up-regulated in both mutants. Cell-matrix adhesion was remarkably augmented in fosB(d/d) ES cells and to some extent in fosB-null cells. By analyzing ES cell lines carrying homozygous fosB(FN) alleles, which exclusively encode FosB, we confirmed that FosB negatively regulates cell-matrix adhesion and the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway. We thus concluded that FosB and DeltaFosB/Delta2DeltaFosB use this pathway to antagonistically regulate cell matrix adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori N. Ohnishi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Yamazaki
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko H. Ohnishi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miura
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Tominaga
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kodach LL, Wiercinska E, de Miranda NFCC, Bleuming SA, Musler AR, Peppelenbosch MP, Dekker E, van den Brink GR, van Noesel CJM, Morreau H, Hommes DW, Ten Dijke P, Offerhaus GJA, Hardwick JCH. The bone morphogenetic protein pathway is inactivated in the majority of sporadic colorectal cancers. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:1332-41. [PMID: 18471510 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The finding of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor 1a mutations in juvenile polyposis suggests that BMPs are important in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the BMP pathway in sporadic CRC. METHODS We investigated BMP receptor (BMPR) expression using immunoblotting and sequenced BMPR2 in CRC cell lines. We assessed the expression of BMPRs, SMAD4, and pSMAD1/5/8 in 72 sporadic CRCs using a tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. We assessed the effect of reintroduction of wild-type BMPR2 on BMP pathway activity and the effect of wild-type or mutated BMPR2 3' untranslated region (UTR) sequences on protein expression by attachment to pCMV-Luc. RESULTS BMPR2 and SMAD4 protein expression is abrogated in microsatellite unstable (MSI) and microsatellite stable (MSS) cell lines, respectively. BMPR2 3'UTR is mutated in all MSI and in none of the MSS cell lines. Mutant BMPR2 3'UTR sequences reduced luciferase expression 10-fold compared with wild-type BMPR2 3'UTR. BMPR2 expression is impaired more frequently in MSI CRCs than MSS (85% vs 29%; P < .0001) and shows a mutually exclusive pattern of impaired expression compared with SMAD4. Nine of 11 MSI cancers with impaired expression of BMPR2 have microsatellite mutations. The BMP pathway is inactivated, as judged by nuclear pSMAD1/5/8 expression, in 70% of CRCs, and this correlates with BMPR and SMAD4 loss. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the BMP pathway is inactivated in the majority of sporadic CRCs. In MSI CRC this is associated predominantly with impaired BMPR2 expression and in MSS CRC with impaired SMAD4 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila L Kodach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bacman D, Merkel S, Croner R, Papadopoulos T, Brueckl W, Dimmler A. TGF-beta receptor 2 downregulation in tumour-associated stroma worsens prognosis and high-grade tumours show more tumour-associated macrophages and lower TGF-beta1 expression in colon carcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:156. [PMID: 17692120 PMCID: PMC1988827 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histological phenotype and clinical behaviour of malignant tumours are not only dependent on alterations in the epithelial cell compartment, but are affected by their interaction with inflammatory cells and tumour-associated stroma. Studies in animal models have shown influence of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) on histological grade of differentiation in colon carcinoma. Disruption of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signalling in tumour cells is related to more aggressive clinical behaviour. Expression data of components of this pathway in tumour-associated stroma is limited. METHODS Tissue micro arrays of 310 colon carcinomas from curatively resected patients in UICC stage II and III were established. In a first step we quantified amount of CD68 positive TAMs and expression of components of TGF-beta signalling (TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptors type 1 and 2, Smad 3 and 4) in tumour and associated stroma. Further we analyzed correlation to histological and clinical parameters (histological grade of differentiation (low-grade (i.e. grade 1 and 2) vs. high-grade (i.e. grade 3 and 4)), lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, 5 year cancer related survival) using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate, to compare frequencies, Kaplan-Meier method to calculate 5-year rates of distant metastases and cancer-related survival and log rank test to compare the rates of distant metastases and survival. To identify independent prognostic factors Cox regression analysis including lymph node status and grading was performed. RESULTS High-grade tumours and those with lymph node metastases showed higher rates of TAMs and lower expression of TGF-beta1. Loss of nuclear Smad4 expression in tumor was associated with presence of lymph node metastasis, but no influence on prognosis could be demonstrated. Decrease of both TGF-beta receptors in tumour-associated stroma was associated with increased lymph node metastasis and shorter survival. Stromal TGF-beta receptor 2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for cancer related survival. CONCLUSION Histological phenotype and clinical behaviour of colon cancer is not only influenced by mutational incidents in tumour cells but also affected by interaction of tumour tissue with inflammatory cells like macrophages and associated stroma and TGF-beta signalling is one important part of this crosstalk. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bacman
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Roland Croner
- Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Brueckl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Arno Dimmler
- Institute of Pathology, St. Vincentius hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bacman D, Merkel S, Croner R, Papadopoulos T, Brueckl W, Dimmler A. TGF-beta receptor 2 downregulation in tumour-associated stroma worsens prognosis and high-grade tumours show more tumour-associated macrophages and lower TGF-beta1 expression in colon carcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2007. [PMID: 17692120 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-156.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histological phenotype and clinical behaviour of malignant tumours are not only dependent on alterations in the epithelial cell compartment, but are affected by their interaction with inflammatory cells and tumour-associated stroma. Studies in animal models have shown influence of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) on histological grade of differentiation in colon carcinoma. Disruption of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signalling in tumour cells is related to more aggressive clinical behaviour. Expression data of components of this pathway in tumour-associated stroma is limited. METHODS Tissue micro arrays of 310 colon carcinomas from curatively resected patients in UICC stage II and III were established. In a first step we quantified amount of CD68 positive TAMs and expression of components of TGF-beta signalling (TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptors type 1 and 2, Smad 3 and 4) in tumour and associated stroma. Further we analyzed correlation to histological and clinical parameters (histological grade of differentiation (low-grade (i.e. grade 1 and 2) vs. high-grade (i.e. grade 3 and 4)), lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, 5 year cancer related survival) using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate, to compare frequencies, Kaplan-Meier method to calculate 5-year rates of distant metastases and cancer-related survival and log rank test to compare the rates of distant metastases and survival. To identify independent prognostic factors Cox regression analysis including lymph node status and grading was performed. RESULTS High-grade tumours and those with lymph node metastases showed higher rates of TAMs and lower expression of TGF-beta1. Loss of nuclear Smad4 expression in tumor was associated with presence of lymph node metastasis, but no influence on prognosis could be demonstrated. Decrease of both TGF-beta receptors in tumour-associated stroma was associated with increased lymph node metastasis and shorter survival. Stromal TGF-beta receptor 2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for cancer related survival. CONCLUSION Histological phenotype and clinical behaviour of colon cancer is not only influenced by mutational incidents in tumour cells but also affected by interaction of tumour tissue with inflammatory cells like macrophages and associated stroma and TGF-beta signalling is one important part of this crosstalk. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bacman
- Institute of Pathology, St, Vincentius hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Grady WM. Transforming growth factor β signaling in colorectal cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-007-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
Jung BH, Beck SE, Cabral J, Chau E, Cabrera BL, Fiorino A, Smith EJ, Bocanegra M, Carethers JM. Activin type 2 receptor restoration in MSI-H colon cancer suppresses growth and enhances migration with activin. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:633-44. [PMID: 17258738 PMCID: PMC4154562 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colon cancers with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) develop frameshift mutations in tumor suppressors as part of their pathogenesis. ACVR2 is mutated at its exon 10 polyadenine tract in >80% of MSI-H colon cancers, coinciding with loss of protein. ACVR2 transmits the growth effects of activin via phosphorylation of SMAD proteins to affect gene transcription. The functional effect of activin in colon cancers has not been studied. We developed and characterized a cell model in which we studied how activin signaling affects growth. METHODS hMLH1 and ACVR2 mutant HCT116 cells were previously stably transferred with chromosome 2 (HCT116+chr2), restoring a single regulated copy of wild-type ACVR2 but not hMLH1. Both HCT116+chr2 and parental HCT116 cells (as well as HEC59 and ACVR2 and hMSH2 complemented HEC59+chr2 cells) were assessed for genetic complementation and biologic function. RESULTS HCT116+chr2 cells and HEC59+chr2 cells, but not ACVR2-mutant HCT116 or HEC59 cells, acquired wild-type ACVR2 as well as expression of ACVR2 wild-type messenger RNA. Complemented ACVR2 protein complexed with ACVR1 with activin treatment, generating nuclear phosphoSMAD2 and activin-specific gene transcription. ACVR2-restored cells showed decreased growth and reduced S phase but increased cellular migration following activin treatment. ACVR2 small interfering RNA reversed these effects in complemented cells. CONCLUSIONS ACVR2-complemented MSI-H colon cancers restore activin-SMAD signaling, decrease growth, and slow their cell cycle following ligand stimulation but show increased cellular migration. Activin is growth suppressive and enhances migration similar to transforming growth factor beta in colon cancer, indicating that abrogation of the effects of activin contribute to the pathogenesis of MSI-H colon cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Activin Receptors, Type I/metabolism
- Activin Receptors, Type II/drug effects
- Activin Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Activin Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Activins/metabolism
- Activins/pharmacology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Autocrine Communication
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HCT116 Cells
- Humans
- Microsatellite Instability
- MutL Protein Homolog 1
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara H Jung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0063, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yamaguchi T, Iijima T, Mori T, Takahashi K, Matsumoto H, Miyamoto H, Hishima T, Miyaki M. Accumulation profile of frameshift mutations during development and progression of colorectal cancer from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49:399-406. [PMID: 16421660 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-005-0293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Role and timing of frameshift mutations during carcinogenesis in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer have not been examined. This study was designed to clarify the relationship between frameshift mutations and clinicopathologic features in colorectal cancer from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. METHODS Thirty-one colorectal cancers from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer at different clinicopathologic stages were analyzed for frameshift mutation in 18 genes. RESULTS The frameshift mutations of the ACVR2 and PTHLH genes were found to have an extremely high frequency (94-100 percent) in all pathologic stages, and mutation of the MARCKS gene also was high (94 percent) in Dukes B and C cancers. These frequencies were higher than the frequency of TGFbetaRII gene inactivation (64-88 percent). Mutations of the hMSH3, TCF4, CASP5, RIZ, RAD50, and MBD4 genes were comparatively frequent (>35 percent) in all stages. Frequencies of inactivation of the MARCKS, BAX, IGFIIR, and PTEN genes were significantly higher in Dukes B and C cancers than in Dukes A cancer (P < 0.05). The number of accumulated frameshift mutations was larger in Dukes B and C cancers (9.4) than in Dukes A cancer (6.8) (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that the disruption of the transforming growth factor-beta super-family signaling pathway by the alteration of the ACVR2 and/or TGFbetaRII genes and the disruption of antiproliferative function by the PTHLH gene alteration contribute to the development of early colorectal cancer. Moreover, the further accumulation of alterations in the MARCKS, BAX, IGFIIR, and PTEN genes seem to be associated with progression from early to advanced colorectal cancer from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Butler CM, Gold EJ, Risbridger GP. Should activin betaC be more than a fading snapshot in the activin/TGFbeta family album? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16:377-85. [PMID: 15925536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The activin growth factors consist of dimeric proteins made up of activin beta subunits and have been shown to be essential regulators of diverse systems in physiology. Four subunits are known to be expressed in mammalian cells: betaA, betaB, betaC, and betaE. Surprisingly, deletion of activin betaC and betaE subunits in vivo does not affect embryonic development or adult physiology which has led to the activin betaC and betaE subunits being regarded as non-essential and unimportant. The steady accumulation of circumstantial evidence to the contrary has led this lab to reassess the role of the activin betaC subunit. Activin betaC protein is expressed more widely than indicated by mRNA localisation. Experiments overexpressing activin betaC subunit or adding exogenous Activin C in vitro are contradictory but suggest roles for activin betaC in regulating Activin A action in apoptosis and homeostasis. Sequestration of betaA subunits by dimerisation with betaC subunits to form Activin AC represents an intracellular regulator of Activin A bioactivity. Activins play a pivotal role in normal physiology and carcinogenesis, so any molecule, such as the activin betaC subunit, that can affect activin action is potentially significant. Advancing our understanding of the physiological role of the activin betaC subunit requires new tools and reagents. Direct detection of the Activin AC dimer will be essential and will necessitate the purification of heteromeric Activin AC protein. In addition, there is a need for the development of an in vivo model of activin betaC subunit overexpression. With development of these tools, research into activin action in development and physiology can expand to include the less well understood members of the activin family such as activin betaC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Butler
- Centre for Urological Research, Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schulmann K, Mori Y, Croog V, Yin J, Olaru A, Sterian A, Sato F, Wang S, Xu Y, Deacu E, Berki AT, Hamilton JP, Kan T, Abraham JM, Schmiegel W, Harpaz N, Meltzer SJ. Molecular phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplasms with microsatellite instability. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:74-85. [PMID: 16012936 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to determine the frequency of high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and the mutational and methylation profile of MSI-H IBD-related neoplasms (IBDNs). METHODS A total of 124 IBDNs (81 cancers, 43 dysplasias) from 78 patients were studied for the frequency of MSI-H and hypermethylation of 3 target genes: MLH1 , HPP1 , and RAB-32 . Fifteen MSI-H IBDNs were characterized according to their profile of frameshift mutations in 28 mononucleotide repeats and compared with 46 sporadic MSI-H CRCs. RESULTS Nineteen of 124 IBDNs were MSI-H. The frequency of frameshift mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats was significantly lower in MSI-H IBDNs than in sporadic MSI-H CRCs for TGFBR2 (7 of 14 vs 34 of 43 samples; P = .047) and ACVR2 (3 of 14 vs 25 of 43 samples; P = .029). In contrast, ICA1 was mutated in 3 of 9 MSI-H IBDNs vs 2 of 54 sporadic MSI-H CRCs ( P = .028). HPP1 and RAB32 methylation was independent of MSI status and was observed in 4 of 59 and 0 of 64 nondysplastic mucosae, 20 of 38 and 1 of 25 dysplasias, and 28 of 61 and 20 of 60 carcinomas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The profiles of coding microsatellite mutations (instabilotypes) differ significantly between MSI-H IBDNs and MSI-H sporadic CRCs. Specifically, TGFBR2 and ACVR2 mutations are significantly rarer in MSI-H IBDNs than in MSI-H sporadic CRCs. Furthermore, HPP1 methylation occurs early, in 7% of nondysplastic and approximately half of dysplastic mucosae, whereas RAB32 methylation occurs at the transition to invasive growth, being rarer in dysplasias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Schulmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schulmann K, Brasch FE, Kunstmann E, Engel C, Pagenstecher C, Vogelsang H, Krüger S, Vogel T, Knaebel HP, Rüschoff J, Hahn SA, Knebel-Doeberitz MV, Moeslein G, Meltzer SJ, Schackert HK, Tympner C, Mangold E, Schmiegel W. HNPCC-associated small bowel cancer: clinical and molecular characteristics. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:590-9. [PMID: 15765394 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The risk for small bowel cancer (SBC) is significantly increased in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). HNPCC-associated SBCs are poorly characterized. METHODS Thirty-two SBCs were characterized according to clinical, pathologic, and germline mutation data. Histomorphologic characteristics, microsatellite instability (MSI) testing, mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression, and frameshift mutations of 7 coding mononucleotide repeats were investigated in 17 SBCs. RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 39 years. Fifty percent of SBCs were located in the duodenum. The Amsterdam criteria were fulfilled in 50% of patients; 45% of patients had no personal history of previous malignancies. Two patients had a positive family history for SBC. Pathogenic germline mutations were identified in 81%; high MSI was detected in 95% and loss of MMR protein expression in 89% of cases. TGFBR2 , BAX , MSH3 , MSH6 , ACVR2 , AIM2 , and SEC63 frameshift mutations were detected in 69%, 59%, 59%, 35%, 82%, 56%, and 56%, respectively. An expansive growth pattern of the tumor border and an intense intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate were present in 75%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HNPCC-associated SBC often manifests at a young age and may be the first disease manifestation. Endoscopy may detect 50% of tumors. Considering recent data on gastric cancer, we propose endoscopic screening of mutation carriers starting at 30 years of age because clinical criteria cannot define a high-risk group. In addition, our study shows that histopathologic criteria, MSI, and MMR immunohistochemistry are often similar to these features in HNPCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Schulmann
- Department of Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|