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Qayoom H, Mir MA. Mutant P53 modulation by cryptolepine through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117351. [PMID: 39216450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple Negative Breast cancer is an aggressive breast cancer subtype. It has a more aggressive clinical course, an earlier age of onset, a larger propensity for metastasis, and worse clinical outcomes as evidenced by a higher risk of recurrence and a shorter survival rate. Currently, the primary options for TNBC treatment are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. These treatments however remain ineffective due to recurrence. However, given that p53 mutations have been identified in more than 60-88 % of TNBC, translating p53 into the clinical situation is particularly important in TNBC. In this study, we screened and evaluated the therapeutic potential of cryptolepine (CRP) in TNBC in-vitro models being an anti-malarial drug it could be repurposed as an anti-cancer therapeutic targeting TNBC. Moreover, the cytotoxicity activity of cryptolepine to TNBC cells and a detailed anti-tumor mechanism in mutant P53 has not been reported before. METHODS MTT assays were used to examine the cytotoxicity and cell viability activity of Cryptolepine in TNBC, non-TNBC T47D and MCF-7 and non-malignant MCF10A cells. Scratch wound and clonogenic assay was used to evaluate the cryptolepine's effect on migration and colony forming ability of TNBC cells. Flow cytometry, MMP and DAPI was used to assess cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis mechanism. The expression of proteins was detected by western blots. The differential expression of RNAs was evaluated by RT-PCR and the interaction between P53 and drug was evaluated computationally using in-silico approach and in-vitro using ChIP assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that cryptolepine has more preferential cytotoxicity in TNBC than non-TNBC cells. Notably, our studies revealed the mechanism by which cryptolepine induces intrinsic apoptosis and inhibit migration, colony formation ability, induce cell cycle arrest by inducing conformational change in the mutant P53 thereby increasing its DNA binding ability, hence activating its tumor suppressing potential significantly. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that CRP significantly reduced the proliferation, migration and colony forming ability of TNBC cells lines. Moreover, it was revealed that CRP induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by activating mutant P53 and enhancing its DNA binding ability to induce its tumor suppressing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qayoom
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
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2
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Bromodomain Protein BRD4-Mediated Mutant p53 Transcription Promotes TNBC Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315163. [PMID: 36499487 PMCID: PMC9738555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most common mutated gene in human cancer. Mutant p53 protein loses its tumor-suppressor properties and gains oncogenic activity. Mutant p53 is a therapeutic target in a broad range of cancer types. However, how mutant p53 is epigenetically regulated during tumor progression remains elusive. In this study, we found that the upregulation of mutant p53 is mediated by bromodomain protein BRD4 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Inhibition of BRD4 with its inhibitor JQ1 or knockdown of BRD4 suppressed the transcription of mutant p53, which led to the re-expression of p21, the inhibition of S-phase entry, and colony formation in TNBC cells. BRD4 also positively regulated the transcription of wild-type p53, whereas JQ1 treatment and knockdown of BRD4 decreased the expression of p21 in MCF-7 cells. Knockdown of BRD4 resulted in attenuation of TNBC tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our results uncover a novel regulatory mechanism of mutant p53 via BRD4, and suggest that the bromodomain inhibitor suppresses tumorigenesis through targeting mutant p53 in TNBC.
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Brown DW, Beatty PH, Lewis JD. Molecular Targeting of the Most Functionally Complex Gene in Precision Oncology: p53. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5176. [PMID: 36358595 PMCID: PMC9654076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While chemotherapy is a key treatment strategy for many solid tumors, it is rarely curative, and most tumor cells eventually become resistant. Because of this, there is an unmet need to develop systemic treatments that capitalize on the unique mutational landscape of each patient's tumor. The most frequently mutated protein in cancer, p53, has a role in nearly all cancer subtypes and tumorigenesis stages and therefore is one of the most promising molecular targets for cancer treatment. Unfortunately, drugs targeting p53 have seen little clinical success despite promising preclinical data. Most of these drug compounds target specific aspects of p53 inactivation, such as through inhibiting negative regulation by the mouse double minute (MDM) family of proteins. These treatment strategies fail to address cancer cells' adaptation mechanisms and ignore the impact that p53 loss has on the entire p53 network. However, recent gene therapy successes show that targeting the p53 network and cellular dysfunction caused by p53 inactivation is now possible and may soon translate into successful clinical responses. In this review, we discuss p53 signaling complexities in cancer that have hindered the development and use of p53-targeted drugs. We also describe several current therapeutics reporting promising preclinical and clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Brown
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Entos Pharmaceuticals, Unit 4550, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
| | - Perrin H. Beatty
- Entos Pharmaceuticals, Unit 4550, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
| | - John D. Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Entos Pharmaceuticals, Unit 4550, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
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4
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Enterobacteria impair host p53 tumor suppressor activity through mRNA destabilization. Oncogene 2022; 41:2173-2186. [PMID: 35197571 PMCID: PMC8993692 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the role of bacteria in the physiopathology of cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remains poorly understood. Several cancer-associated bacteria have been shown to produce toxins which interfere with the host defense against tumorigenesis. Here, we show that lipopolysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteria strongly inhibit the host tumor suppressor p53 pathway through a novel mechanism of p53 regulation. We found that lipopolysaccharides destabilize TP53 mRNA through a TLR4-NF-κB-mediated inhibition of the RNA-binding factor Wig-1. Importantly, we show that K. pneumoniae disables two major tumor barriers, oncogene-induced DNA damage signaling and senescence, by impairing p53 transcriptional activity upon DNA damage and oncogenic stress. Furthermore, we found an inverse correlation between the levels of TLR4 and p53 mutation in colorectal tumors. Hence, our data suggest that the repression of p53 by Enterobacteria via TLR4 alleviates the selection pressure for p53 oncogenic mutations and shapes the genomic evolution of cancer.
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Jensen-Cody CW, Crooke AK, Rotti PG, Ievlev V, Shahin W, Park SY, Lynch TJ, Engelhardt JF. Lef-1 controls cell cycle progression in airway basal cells to regulate proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1221-1235. [PMID: 33932322 PMCID: PMC8785221 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian airways are lined by a continuous epithelial layer that is maintained by diverse populations of resident multipotent stem cells. These stem cells are responsible for replenishing the epithelium both at homeostasis and following injury, making them promising targets for stem cell and genetic-based therapies for a variety of respiratory diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate when and how these stem cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that the high mobility group (HMG) domain transcription factor Lef-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of mouse tracheal basal cells. We demonstrate that conditional deletion of Lef-1 stalls basal cell proliferation at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle, and that Lef-1 knockout cells are unable to maintain luminal tracheal cell types in long-term air-liquid interface culture. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Lef-1 knockout (Lef-1KO) results in downregulation of key DNA damage response and cell cycle progression genes, including the kinase Chek1. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Chek1 is sufficient to stall basal cell self-renewal in a similar fashion as Lef-1 deletion. Notably, the cell cycle block imposed by Lef-1KO in vitro is transient and basal cells eventually compensate to proliferate normally in a Chek1-independent manner. Finally, Lef-1KO cells were unable to fully regenerate tracheal epithelium following injury in vivo. These findings reveal that Lef-1 is essential for proper basal cell function. Thus, modulating Lef-1 function in airway basal cells may have applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler W Jensen-Cody
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Adrianne K Crooke
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Weam Shahin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo-Yeun Park
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Han JH, Heo KS, Myung CS. Cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) accelerates vascular remodelling via p53 and JAK2-STAT3 regulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4533-4551. [PMID: 34289085 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration lead to neointima formation, which eventually results in cardiovascular hyperplastic diseases. The molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular processes have not been fully understood. Cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) has been identified as an anti-apoptotic molecule, but little is known about its target genes and related pathways in VSMC dysfunction or its clinical implication in neointima formation following vascular injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Determination, using loss/gain-of-function approaches by gene delivery, of whether CIAPIN1 modulates VSMC proliferation, migration and neointima formation and the underlying mechanisms was carried out. Balloon injury or ligation and local delivery of lentivirus were performed on rat or mouse carotid arteries. Rat aortic smooth muscle cells, the primary cell, was used as the model to evaluate the effect of CIAPIN1 on proliferation and migration. KEY RESULTS CIAPIN1 was overexpressed in the neointimal region of rat arteries. CIAPIN1 deficiency markedly inhibited injury-induced or ligation-induced intimal hyperplasia and suppressed PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression, while overexpression promoted proliferation, migration and neointima formation. CIAPIN1 negatively regulated Tp53 transcription, which promoted cell cycle progression and migration via cyclin E1-CDK2/pRb/PCNA and the MMP2 pathway. CIAPIN1 also increased JAK2 expression, enhancing JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation by vascular injury, which forced phenotypic switching from contractile to synthetic state in injured arteries. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which CIAPIN1 regulates vascular remodelling and suggest a novel therapeutic target for treating vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Cheval L, Viollet B, Klein C, Rafael C, Figueres L, Devevre E, Zadigue G, Azroyan A, Crambert G, Vogt B, Doucet A. Acidosis-induced activation of distal nephron principal cells triggers Gdf15 secretion and adaptive proliferation of intercalated cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13661. [PMID: 33840159 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type A intercalated cells of the renal collecting duct participate in the maintenance of the acid/base balance through their capacity to adapt proton secretion to homeostatic requirements. We previously showed that increased proton secretion stems in part from the enlargement of the population of proton secreting cells in the outer medullary collecting duct through division of fully differentiated cells, and that this response is triggered by growth/differentiation factor 15. This study aimed at deciphering the mechanism of acid load-induced secretion of Gdf15 and its mechanism of action. METHODS We developed an original method to evaluate the proliferation of intercalated cells and applied it to genetically modified or pharmacologically treated mice under basal and acid-loaded conditions. RESULTS Gdf15 is secreted by principal cells of the collecting duct in response to the stimulation of vasopressin receptors. Vasopressin-induced production of cAMP triggers activation of AMP-stimulated kinases and of Na,K-ATPase, and induction of p53 and Gdf15. Gdf15 action on intercalated cells is mediated by ErbB2 receptors, the activation of which triggers the expression of cyclin d1, of p53 and anti-proliferative genes, and of Egr1. CONCLUSION Acidosis-induced proliferation of intercalated cells results from a cross talk with principal cells which secrete Gdf15 in response to their stimulation by vasopressin. Thus, vasopressin is a major determinant of the collecting duct cellular homeostasis as it promotes proliferation of intercalated cells under acidosis conditions and of principal cells under normal acid-base status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Cheval
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
- CNRS ERL 8228 ‐ Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies Paris France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERMCNRS Paris France
| | - Christophe Klein
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
| | - Chloé Rafael
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
- CNRS ERL 8228 ‐ Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies Paris France
| | - Lucile Figueres
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
- CNRS ERL 8228 ‐ Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies Paris France
| | - Estelle Devevre
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
| | - Georges Zadigue
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
| | - Anie Azroyan
- Program in Membrane Biology Nephrology Division Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Gilles Crambert
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
- CNRS ERL 8228 ‐ Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies Paris France
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital Bern University Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Alain Doucet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de Paris Paris France
- CNRS ERL 8228 ‐ Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies Paris France
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Reichrath J, Reichrath S. The Impact of Notch Signaling for Carcinogenesis and Progression of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Lessons Learned from Cancer Stem Cells, Tumor Angiogenesis, and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1287:123-154. [PMID: 33034030 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since many decades, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSCs) is the most common malignancy worldwide. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the major types of NMSCs, representing approximately 70% and 25% of these neoplasias, respectively. Because of their continuously rising incidence rates, NMSCs represent a constantly increasing global challenge for healthcare, although they are in most cases nonlethal and curable (e.g., by surgery). While at present, carcinogenesis of NMSC is still not fully understood, the relevance of genetic and molecular alterations in several pathways, including evolutionary highly conserved Notch signaling, has now been shown convincingly. The Notch pathway, which was first developed during evolution in metazoans and that was first discovered in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), governs cell fate decisions and many other fundamental processes that are of high relevance not only for embryonic development, but also for initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Choosing NMSC as a model, we give in this review a brief overview on the interaction of Notch signaling with important oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways and on its role for several hallmarks of carcinogenesis and cancer progression, including the regulation of cancer stem cells, tumor angiogenesis, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,School of Health Professions, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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The 40bp Indel Polymorphism rs150550023 in the MDM2 Promoter is Associated with Intriguing Shifts in Gene Expression in the p53-MDM2 Regulatory Hub. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113363. [PMID: 33202864 PMCID: PMC7697608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most low-penetrance genetic risk factors for cancer are located in noncoding regions, presumably altering the regulation of neighboring genes. The poorly characterized Indel polymorphism rs150550023 (rs3730485; del1518) in the promoter of MDM2 (human homolog of mouse double minute 2) is a biologically plausible candidate genetic risk factor, which might influence the expression of MDM2, a key negative regulator of the central tumor suppressor p53. Here, we genotyped rs150550023 in a Central European hospital-based case-control study of 407 breast cancer patients and 254 female controls. mRNA levels of MDM2, p53, and the p53 target genes p21, BAX, and PERP were quantified with qRT-PCR, and p53 protein was assessed with immune histochemistry in ≈100 primary breast tumors with ascertained rs150550023 genotype. We found no evidence for an association of rs150550023 with the risk, age at onset, or prognosis of breast cancer. A possible synergism was observed with SNP309 in promoter P2 of MDM2. Mean mRNA levels of MDM2, p53, p21, and BAX were ≈1.5-3 fold elevated in TP53 wildtype tumors with the minor homozygous Del/Del genotype. However, systematic shifts in p53 protein levels or mutation rates were not observed, suggesting that the elevated p53 mRNA levels are due to regulatory feedback loops that compensate for the effects of rs150550023 on MDM2 expression.
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10
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NEK10 tyrosine phosphorylates p53 and controls its transcriptional activity. Oncogene 2020; 39:5252-5266. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park JH, Park SA, Lee YJ, Park HW, Oh SM. PBK attenuates paclitaxel-induced autophagic cell death by suppressing p53 in H460 non-small-cell lung cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:937-950. [PMID: 32237067 PMCID: PMC7193173 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ‐binding kinase (PBK) has previously been shown to mediate chemoresistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. However, it remains unclear how PBK regulates paclitaxel‐induced cancer cell death. Here, we demonstrate that PBK hinders paclitaxel‐mediated autophagic cell death in H460 non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells. PBK knockdown increased apoptosis, autophagy, p53 level, and LC3 puncta upon paclitaxel treatment. Moreover, p53 expression facilitated an increase in the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio in response to paclitaxel, and PBK knockdown augmented paclitaxel‐mediated p53 transcriptional activity. Meanwhile, paclitaxel induced PBK‐mediated p53 nuclear export and its subsequent ubiquitination in control cells, but not in PBK knockdown cells. We conclude that PBK hampers paclitaxel‐induced autophagic cell death by suppressing p53, suggesting a potential role of PBK in p53‐mediated H460 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Ju Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Muk Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea.,Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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Pal S, Garg M, Pandey AK. Deciphering the Mounting Complexity of the p53 Regulatory Network in Correlation to Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E527. [PMID: 32106407 PMCID: PMC7140525 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the various gynecological malignancies affecting female health globally, ovarian cancer is one of the predominant and lethal among all. The identification and functional characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are made possible with the advent of RNA-seq and the advancement of computational logarithm in understanding human disease biology. LncRNAs can interact with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins and their combinations. Moreover, lncRNAs regulate orchestra of diverse functions including chromatin organization and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. LncRNAs have conferred their critical role in key biological processes in human cancer including tumor initiation, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. The interwoven function of tumor-suppressor protein p53-linked lncRNAs in the ovarian cancer paradigm is of paramount importance. Several lncRNAs operate as p53 regulators or effectors and modulates a diverse array of functions either by participating in various signaling cascades or via interaction with different proteins. This review highlights the recent progress made in the identification of p53 associated lncRNAs while elucidating their molecular mechanisms behind the altered expression in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, the development of novel clinical and therapeutic strategies for targeting lncRNAs in human cancers harbors great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
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Reichrath J, Reichrath S, Vogt T, Römer K. Crosstalk Between Vitamin D and p53 Signaling in Cancer: An Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1268:307-318. [PMID: 32918225 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has now been convincingly shown that vitamin D and p53 signaling protect against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced malignant transformation of cells. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the p53/p63/p73 proteins (the p53 family hereafter) exert their effects as receptors/sensors that turn into transcriptional regulators upon stimulus. While the p53 clan, mostly in the nucleoplasm, responds to a large and still growing number of alterations in cellular homeostasis commonly referred to as stress, the nuclear VDR is transcriptionally activated after binding its naturally occurring biologically active ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with high affinity. Interestingly, a crosstalk between vitamin D and p53 signaling has been demonstrated that occurs at different levels, has genome-wide implications, and is of high importance for many malignancies, including non-melanoma skin cancer. These interactions include the ability of p53 to upregulate skin pigmentation via POMC derivatives including alpha-MSH and ACTH. Increased pigmentation protects the skin against UV-induced DNA damage and skin photocarcinogenesis, but also inhibits cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. A second level of interaction is characterized by binding of VDR and p53 protein, an observation that may be of relevance for the ability of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to increase the survival of skin cells after UV irradiation. UV irradiation-surviving cells show significant reductions in thymine dimers in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D that are associated with increased nuclear p53 protein expression and significantly reduced NO products. A third level of interaction is documented by the ability of vitamin D compounds to regulate the expression of the murine double minute (MDM2) gene in dependence of the presence of wild-type p53. MDM2 has a well-established role as a key negative regulator of p53 activity. Finally, p53 and its family members have been implicated in the direct regulation of the VDR. This review gives an update on some of the implications of the crosstalk between vitamin D and p53 signaling for carcinogenesis in the skin and other tissues, focusing on a genome-wide perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Reichrath
- Center for Clinical and Experimental Photodermatology and Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Römer
- José Carreras Centre and Internal Medicine I, University of Saarland Medical Centre, Homburg (Saar), Germany
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The interplay between Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) with the p53 and its homologs during EBV associated malignancies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02624. [PMID: 31840114 PMCID: PMC6893087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, p63, and p73, the members of the p53 family of proteins, are structurally similar proteins that play central roles regulating cell cycle and apoptotic cell death. Alternative splicing at the carboxyl terminus and the utilization of different promoters further categorizes these proteins as having different isoforms for each. Among such isoforms, TA and ΔN versions of each protein serve as the pro and the anti-apoptotic proteins, respectively. Changes in the expression patterns of these isoforms are noted in many human cancers. Proteins of certain human herpesviruses, like Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), interact with p53 family members and alter their expressions in many malignancies. Upon infections in the B cells and epithelial cells, EBV expresses different lytic or latent proteins during viral replication and latency respectively to preserve viral copy number, chromosomal integrity and viral persistence inside the host. In this review, we have surveyed and summarised the interactions of EBV gene products, known so far, with the p53 family proteins. The interactions between P53 and EBV oncoproteins are observed in stomach cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the head and neck, Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC), Gastric carcinoma (GC) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). EBV latent protein EBNA1, EBNA3C, LMP-1, and lytic proteins BZLF-1 can alter p53 expressions in many cancer cell lines. Interactions of p63 with EBNA-1, 2, 5, LMP-2A and BARF-1 have also been investigated in several cancers. Similarly, associations of p73 isoform with EBV latent proteins EBNA3C and LMP-1 have been reported. Methylation and single nucleotide polymorphisms in p53 have also been found to be correlated with EBV infection. Therefore, interactions and altered expression strategies of the isoforms of p53 family proteins in EBV associated cancers propose an important field for further molecular research.
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15
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Swiatkowska A, Dutkiewicz M, Zydowicz-Machtel P, Szpotkowska J, Janecki DM, Ciesiołka J. Translational Control in p53 Expression: The Role of 5'-Terminal Region of p53 mRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5382. [PMID: 31671760 PMCID: PMC6862623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the latest research concerning the structure and function of the 5'-terminal region of p53 mRNA was discussed. Special attention was focused on defined structural motifs which are present in this region, as well as their conservation and plausible functional role in translation. It is known that the length of the 5'-terminal region and the structural environment of initiation codons can strongly modulate translation initiation. The ability of this region of p53 mRNA to bind protein factors was also described with special emphasis on general principles that govern, such RNA-protein interactions. The structural alterations within the 5'-terminal region of p53 mRNA and proteins that bind to this region have a strong impact on the rate of mRNA scanning and on translation efficiency in in vitro assays, in selected cell lines, and under stress conditions. Thus, the structural features of the 5'-terminal region of p53 mRNA seem to be very important for translation and for translation regulation mechanisms. Finally, we suggested topics that, in our opinion, should be further explored for better understanding of the mechanisms of the p53 gene expression regulation at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Swiatkowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mariola Dutkiewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paulina Zydowicz-Machtel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szpotkowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Damian M Janecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Ciesiołka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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16
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Radine C, Peters D, Reese A, Neuwahl J, Budach W, Jänicke RU, Sohn D. The RNA-binding protein RBM47 is a novel regulator of cell fate decisions by transcriptionally controlling the p53-p21-axis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1274-1285. [PMID: 31511650 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years it has become more and more apparent that the regulation of gene expression by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is of utmost importance for most cellular signaling pathways. RBPs control several aspects of RNA biogenesis including splicing, localization, stability, and translation efficiency. One of these RBPs is RBM47 that recently has been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor as it was shown to suppress breast and colon cancer progression. Here we demonstrate that RBM47 is an important regulator of basal and DNA damage-induced p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein expression. Knockdown of RBM47 by siRNAs results in a strong reduction in p53 mRNA and protein levels due to an impaired p53 promoter activity. Accordingly, overexpression of Flag-RBM47 enhances p53 promoter activity demonstrating that RBM47 regulates p53 at the transcriptional level. By controlling p53, knockdown of RBM47 concomitantly decreases also p21 expression at the transcriptional level, driving irradiated carcinoma cell lines from different entities into cell death rather than into senescence. Thus, RBM47 represents a novel molecular switch of cell fate decisions that functions as a regulator of the p53/p21-signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Radine
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Peters
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina Reese
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Neuwahl
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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17
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Tumor suppression by the EGR1, DMP1, ARF, p53, and PTEN Network. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:520-536. [PMID: 30396285 PMCID: PMC6500763 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1533965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that EGR1 is a direct regulator of tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, and p53. The Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway through transactivation of the Arf promoter and physical interaction of p53. The Dmp1 promoter has binding sites for Egr proteins, and Egr1 is a target for Dmp1. Crosstalks between p53 and PTEN have been reported. The Egr1-Dmp1-Arf-p53-Pten pathway displays multiple modes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of tumor suppressors that maintain normal cell growth and prevent the emergence of incipient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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18
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Elevated expression of p53 in early colon polyps in a pig model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:485-491. [PMID: 30145695 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary predisposition to formation of colon polyps that can progress to colorectal cancer (CRC). The severity of polyposis varies substantially within families bearing the same germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor gene. The progressive step-wise accumulation of genetic events in tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes leads to oncogenic transformation, with driver alterations in the tumour protein p53 (TP53) gene playing a key role in advanced stage CRC. We analysed groups of pigs carrying a truncating mutation in APC (APC1311/+; orthologous to human APC1309/+) to study the influence of TP53 polymorphisms and expression on the frequency of polyp formation and polyp progression in early-stage FAP. Five generations of APC1311/+ pigs were examined by colonoscopy for polyposis severity and development. A total of 19 polymorphisms were found in 5'-flanking, coding, and 3' untranslated regions of TP53. The distribution of TP53 genotypes did not differ between APC1311/+ pigs with low (LP) and high (HP) number of colon polyps. p53 mRNA expression was analysed in distally located normal mucosa samples of wild-type pigs, APC1311/+ LP and HP pigs, and also in distally located polyp samples histologically classified as low-grade (LG-IEN) and high-grade intraepithelial dysplastic (HG-IEN) from APC1311/+ pigs. p53 mRNA expression was found to be significantly elevated in HG-IEN compared to LG-IEN samples (p = 0.012), suggesting a role for p53 in the early precancerous stages of polyp development.
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19
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Li J, Li Z, Zheng W, Li X, Wang Z, Cui Y, Jiang X. PANDAR: a pivotal cancer-related long non-coding RNA in human cancers. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:2195-2201. [PMID: 28976505 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), non-protein-coding RNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length, have been demonstrated to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of human diseases, particularly in tumorigenesis and progression of cancers. Dysregulation of lncRNAs, which serve as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, is involved in diverse cellular processes, such as proliferation, dedifferentiation, migration, invasion and anti-apoptosis. Promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage-activated RNA (PANDAR), which was recently found to manifest aberrant expression in various malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer, is a novel cancer-related lncRNA. Deregulation of PANDAR contributes to tumorigenesis and progression of cancers, suggesting that PANDAR is likely to represent a viable biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers. In this review, we summarize current evidence regarding the biological functions and mechanisms of PANDAR during tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Chong KH, Zhang X, Zheng J. Dynamical analysis of cellular ageing by modeling of gene regulatory network based attractor landscape. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197838. [PMID: 29856751 PMCID: PMC5983441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a natural phenomenon that is inherently complex and remains a mystery. Conceptual model of cellular ageing landscape was proposed for computational studies of ageing. However, there is a lack of quantitative model of cellular ageing landscape. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of cellular ageing in a theoretical model using the framework of Waddington's epigenetic landscape. We construct an ageing gene regulatory network (GRN) consisting of the core cell cycle regulatory genes (including p53). A model parameter (activation rate) is used as a measure of the accumulation of DNA damage. Using the bifurcation diagrams to estimate the parameter values that lead to multi-stability, we obtained a conceptual model for capturing three distinct stable steady states (or attractors) corresponding to homeostasis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence or apoptosis. In addition, we applied a Monte Carlo computational method to quantify the potential landscape, which displays: I) one homeostasis attractor for low accumulation of DNA damage; II) two attractors for cell cycle arrest and senescence (or apoptosis) in response to high accumulation of DNA damage. Using the Waddington's epigenetic landscape framework, the process of ageing can be characterized by state transitions from landscape I to II. By in silico perturbations, we identified the potential landscape of a perturbed network (inactivation of p53), and thereby demonstrated the emergence of a cancer attractor. The simulated dynamics of the perturbed network displays a landscape with four basins of attraction: homeostasis, cell cycle arrest, senescence (or apoptosis) and cancer. Our analysis also showed that for the same perturbed network with low DNA damage, the landscape displays only the homeostasis attractor. The mechanistic model offers theoretical insights that can facilitate discovery of potential strategies for network medicine of ageing-related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ket Hing Chong
- Biomedical Informatics Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Biomedical Informatics Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Zheng
- Biomedical Informatics Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637723, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Tano K, Onoguchi-Mizutani R, Yeasmin F, Uchiumi F, Suzuki Y, Yada T, Akimitsu N. Identification of Minimal p53 Promoter Region Regulated by MALAT1 in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Genet 2018; 8:208. [PMID: 29632545 PMCID: PMC5879451 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The MALAT1 long noncoding RNA is strongly linked to cancer progression. Here we report a MALAT1 function in repressing the promoter of p53 (TP53) tumor suppressor gene. p21 and FAS, well-known p53 targets, were upregulated by MALAT1 knockdown in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. We found that these upregulations were mediated by transcriptional activation of p53 through MALAT1 depletion. In addition, we identified a minimal MALAT1-responsive region in the P1 promoter of p53 gene. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that MALAT1-depleted cells exhibited G1 cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that MALAT1 affects the expression of p53 target genes through repressing p53 promoter activity, leading to influence the cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tano
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fouzia Yeasmin
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
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22
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Stanisavljevic D, Petrovic I, Vukovic V, Schwirtlich M, Gredic M, Stevanovic M, Popovic J. SOX14 activates the p53 signaling pathway and induces apoptosis in a cervical carcinoma cell line. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184686. [PMID: 28926586 PMCID: PMC5604970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX14 is a member of the SOX family of transcription factors mainly involved in the regulation of neural development. Recently, it became evident that SOX14 is one of four hypermethylated genes in cervical carcinoma, considered as a tumor suppressor candidate in this type of malignancy. In this paper we elucidated the role of SOX14 in the regulation of malignant properties of cervical carcinoma cells in vitro. Functional analysis performed in HeLa cells revealed that SOX14 overexpression decreased viability and promoted apoptosis through altering the expression of apoptosis related genes. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of SOX14 initiated accumulation of p53, demonstrating potential cross-talk between SOX14 and the p53 signaling pathway. Further analysis unambiguously showed that SOX14 triggered posttranslational modification of p53 protein, as detected by the significantly increased level of phospho-p53 (Ser-15) in SOX14-overexpressing HeLa cells. Moreover, the obtained results revealed that SOX14 activated p53 protein, which was confirmed by elevated p21Waf1/Cip1, a well known target gene of p53. This study advances our understanding about the role of SOX14 and might explain the molecular mechanism by which this transcription factor could exert tumor suppressor properties in cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Stanisavljevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isidora Petrovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladanka Vukovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Gredic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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DDX3 localizes to the centrosome and prevents multipolar mitosis by epigenetically and translationally modulating p53 expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9411. [PMID: 28842590 PMCID: PMC5573351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 plays divergent roles in tumorigenesis, however, its function in mitosis is unclear. Immunofluorescence indicated that DDX3 localized to centrosome throughout the cell cycle and colocalized with centrosome-associated p53 during mitosis in HCT116 and U2OS cells. DDX3 depletion promoted chromosome misalignment, segregation defects and multipolar mitosis, eventually leading to G2/M delay and cell death. DDX3 prevented multipolar mitosis by inactivation and coalescence of supernumerary centrosomes. DDX3 silencing suppressed Ser15 phosphorylation of p53 which is required for p53 centrosomal localization. Additionally, knockout of p53 dramatically diminished the association of DDX3 with centrosome, which was rescued by overexpression of the centrosomal targeting-defective p53 S15A mutant, indicating that centrosomal localization of DDX3 is p53 dependent but not through centrosomal location of p53. Furthermore, DDX3 knockdown suppressed p53 transcription through activation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) along with hypermethylation of p53 promoter and promoting the binding of repressive histone marks to p53 promoter. Moreover, DDX3 modulated p53 mRNA translation. Taken together, our study suggests that DDX3 regulates epigenetic transcriptional and translational activation of p53 and colocalizes with p53 at centrosome during mitosis to ensure proper mitotic progression and genome stability, which supports the tumor-suppressive role of DDX3.
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24
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Domínguez ER, Orona J, Lin K, Pérez CJ, Benavides F, Kusewitt DF, Johnson DG. The p53 R72P polymorphism does not affect the physiological response to ionizing radiation in a mouse model. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1153-1163. [PMID: 28594296 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1312234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture and mouse model studies show that the presence of the arginine (R) or proline (P) coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the tumor suppressor gene p53 at codon 72 (p53 R72P) differentially affects the responses to genotoxic insult. Compared to the P variant, the R variant shows increased apoptosis in most cell cultures and mouse model tissues in response to genotoxins, and epidemiological studies suggest that the R variant may enhance cancer survival and reduce the risks of adverse reactions to genotoxic cancer treatment. As ionizing radiation (IR) treatment is often used in cancer therapy, we sought to test the physiological effects of IR in mouse models of the p53 R72P polymorphism. By performing blood counts, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and survival studies in mouse populations rigorously controlled for strain background, sex and age, we discovered that p53 R72P polymorphism did not differentially affect the physiological response to IR. Our findings suggest that genotyping for this polymorphism to personalize IR therapy may have little clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Domínguez
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Smithville , TX , USA
| | - Jennifer Orona
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Smithville , TX , USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Smithville , TX , USA
| | - Carlos J Pérez
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Smithville , TX , USA
| | - Fernando Benavides
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Smithville , TX , USA
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- b Department of Pathology , The University of Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - David G Johnson
- a Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Smithville , TX , USA
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25
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Mönke G, Cristiano E, Finzel A, Friedrich D, Herzel H, Falcke M, Loewer A. Excitability in the p53 network mediates robust signaling with tunable activation thresholds in single cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46571. [PMID: 28417973 PMCID: PMC5394551 DOI: 10.1038/srep46571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling systems precisely transmit information in the presence of molecular noise while retaining flexibility to accommodate the needs of individual cells. To understand design principles underlying such versatile signaling, we analyzed the response of the tumor suppressor p53 to varying levels of DNA damage in hundreds of individual cells and observed a switch between distinct signaling modes characterized by isolated pulses and sustained oscillations of p53 accumulation. Guided by dynamic systems theory we show that this requires an excitable network structure comprising positive feedback and provide experimental evidence for its molecular identity. The resulting data-driven model reproduced all features of measured signaling responses and is sufficient to explain their heterogeneity in individual cells. We present evidence that heterogeneity in the levels of the feedback regulator Wip1 sets cell-specific thresholds for p53 activation, providing means to modulate its response through interacting signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate how excitable signaling networks can provide high specificity, sensitivity and robustness while retaining unique possibilities to adjust their function to the physiology of individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Mönke
- Mathematical Cell Physiology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Cristiano
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Finzel
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dhana Friedrich
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Falcke
- Mathematical Cell Physiology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Loewer
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Germany
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26
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Keightley MC, Carradice DP, Layton JE, Pase L, Bertrand JY, Wittig JG, Dakic A, Badrock AP, Cole NJ, Traver D, Nutt SL, McCoey J, Buckle AM, Heath JK, Lieschke GJ. The Pu.1 target gene Zbtb11 regulates neutrophil development through its integrase-like HHCC zinc finger. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14911. [PMID: 28382966 PMCID: PMC5384227 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection and injury, the neutrophil population rapidly expands and then quickly re-establishes the basal state when inflammation resolves. The exact pathways governing neutrophil/macrophage lineage outputs from a common granulocyte-macrophage progenitor are still not completely understood. From a forward genetic screen in zebrafish, we identify the transcriptional repressor, ZBTB11, as critical for basal and emergency granulopoiesis. ZBTB11 sits in a pathway directly downstream of master myeloid regulators including PU.1, and TP53 is one direct ZBTB11 transcriptional target. TP53 repression is dependent on ZBTB11 cys116, which is a functionally critical, metal ion-coordinating residue within a novel viral integrase-like zinc finger domain. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a function for this domain in a cellular protein. We demonstrate that the PU.1–ZBTB11–TP53 pathway is conserved from fish to mammals. Finally, Zbtb11 mutant rescue experiments point to a ZBTB11-regulated TP53 requirement in development of other organs. Neutrophils are increased in response to injury and infection but how they form from a common granulocyte-macrophage progenitor is unclear. Here, the authors identify a role for the transcriptional repressor ZBTB11 in zebrafish, which is regulated by master myeloid regulators and represses TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cristina Keightley
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Duncan P Carradice
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Judith E Layton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Luke Pase
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva-CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Johannes G Wittig
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Dakic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julia McCoey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Song SH, Kim K, Jo EK, Kim YW, Kwon JS, Bae SS, Sung JH, Park SG, Kim JT, Suh W. Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 Is a Novel Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Fate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1928-36. [PMID: 27470512 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) modulate their phenotype between synthetic and contractile states in response to environmental changes; this modulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of restenosis and atherosclerosis. Here, we identified fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) as a novel key regulator of the VSMC phenotype switch. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using murine models and human specimens, we found that FGF12 was highly expressed in contractile VSMCs of normal vessel walls but was downregulated in synthetic VSMCs from injured and atherosclerotic vessels. In human VSMCs, FGF12 expression was inhibited at the transcriptional level by platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that FGF12 was both necessary and sufficient for inducing and maintaining the quiescent and contractile phenotypes of VSMCs. FGF12 inhibited cell proliferation through the p53 pathway and upregulated the key factors involved in VSMC lineage differentiation, such as myocardin and serum response factor. Such FGF12-induced phenotypic change was mediated by the p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. Moreover, FGF12 promoted the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells and the transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts into SMC-like cells. Furthermore, adenoviral infection of FGF12 substantially decreased neointima hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery injury model. CONCLUSIONS In general, FGF family members induce a synthetic VSMC phenotype. Interestingly, the present study showed the unanticipated finding that FGF12 belonging to FGF family, strongly induced the quiescent and contractile VSMC phenotypes and directly promoted VSMC lineage differentiation. These novel findings suggested that FGF12 could be a new therapeutic target for treating restenosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Song
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Kyungjong Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Jo
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Young-Wook Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Jin-Sook Kwon
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Wonhee Suh
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.).
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28
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An appraisal of cinnamyl sulfonamide hydroxamate derivatives (HDAC inhibitors) for anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activities in human cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:112-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Porreca I, Ulloa Severino L, D’Angelo F, Cuomo D, Ceccarelli M, Altucci L, Amendola E, Nebbioso A, Mallardo M, De Felice M, Ambrosino C. "Stockpile" of Slight Transcriptomic Changes Determines the Indirect Genotoxicity of Low-Dose BPA in Thyroid Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151618. [PMID: 26982218 PMCID: PMC4794173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental data highlighted the thyroid-disrupting activity of bisphenol A (BPA). Although pivotal to identify the mechanisms of toxicity, direct low-dose BPA effects on thyrocytes have not been assessed. Here, we report the results of microarray experiments revealing that the transcriptome reacts dynamically to low-dose BPA exposure, adapting the changes in gene expression to the exposure duration. The response involves many genes, enriching specific pathways and biological functions mainly cell death/proliferation or DNA repair. Their expression is only slightly altered but, since they enrich specific pathways, this results in major effects as shown here for transcripts involved in the DNA repair pathway. Indeed, even though no phenotypic changes are induced by the treatment, we show that the exposure to BPA impairs the cell response to further stressors. We experimentally verify that prolonged exposure to low doses of BPA results in a delayed response to UV-C-induced DNA damage, due to impairment of p21-Tp53 axis, with the BPA-treated cells more prone to cell death and DNA damage accumulation. The present findings shed light on a possible mechanism by which BPA, not able to directly cause genetic damage at environmental dose, may exert an indirect genotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Ulloa Severino
- University of Trieste, PhD School of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio D’Angelo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Danila Cuomo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Amendola
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Pansini 6, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Pansini 6, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Pansini 6, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Via Pansini 6, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
- * E-mail:
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30
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Huang SW, Chang SH, Mu SW, Jiang HY, Wang ST, Kao JK, Huang JL, Wu CY, Chen YJ, Shieh JJ. Imiquimod activates p53-dependent apoptosis in a human basal cell carcinoma cell line. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 81:182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Bruno T, Iezzi S, Fanciulli M. Che-1/AATF: A Critical Cofactor for Both Wild-Type- and Mutant-p53 Proteins. Front Oncol 2016; 6:34. [PMID: 26913241 PMCID: PMC4753824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a key player in a wide range of protein networks that allow the state of “good health” of the cell. Not surprisingly, mutations of the TP53 gene are one of the most common alterations associated to cancer cells. Mutated forms of p53 (mtp53) not only lose the ability to protect the integrity of the genetic heritage of the cell but also acquire pro-oncogenic functions, behaving like dangerous accelerators of transformation and tumor progression. In recent years, many studies focused on investigating possible strategies aiming to counteract this mutant p53 “gain of function” but the results have not always been satisfactory. Che-1/AATF is a nuclear protein that binds to RNA polymerase II and plays a role in multiple fundamental processes, including control of transcription, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Several studies showed Che-1/AATF as an important endogenous regulator of p53 expression and activity in a variety of biological processes. Notably, this same regulation was more recently observed also on mtp53. The depletion of Che-1/AATF strongly reduces the expression of mutant p53 in several tumors in vitro and in vivo, making the cells an easier target for chemotherapy treatments. In this mini review, we report an overview of Che-1/AATF functions and discuss a possible role of Che-1/AATF in cancer therapy, with particular regard to its action on p53/mtp53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bruno
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Simona Iezzi
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
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32
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Pratama E, Tian X, Lestari W, Iseki S, Ichwan SJA, Ikeda MA. Critical role of ARID3B in the expression of pro-apoptotic p53-target genes and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:248-54. [PMID: 26519881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ARID3A and ARID3B are transcriptional targets of p53. Recently, it has been reported that ARID3A plays a critical role in the transcriptional activation of pro-arrest p21 in response to DNA damage. However, the role of ARID3B in the p53 regulatory pathway remains poorly understood. Here we show that ARID3A and ARID3B specifically bind to putative ARID3-binding sites in p53 target genes in vitro and in vivo. ARID3B and, to a lesser extent, ARID3A silencing blocked transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic p53 target genes, such as PUMA, PIG3, and p53. Furthermore, ectopic ARID3B, to a lesser extent, ARID3A expression activated the pro-apoptotic gene expression, and only ARID3B induced apoptosis. Finally, ARID3B but not ARID3A silencing blocked apoptosis induction following DNA damage. These results indicated that, although ARID3B and ARID3A share overlapping functions, ARID3B play a key role in the expression of pro-apoptotic p53-target genes and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrawan Pratama
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Widya Lestari
- Faculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masa-Aki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
The predominant function of the tumor suppressor p53 is transcriptional regulation. It is generally accepted that p53-dependent transcriptional activation occurs by binding to a specific recognition site in promoters of target genes. Additionally, several models for p53-dependent transcriptional repression have been postulated. Here, we evaluate these models based on a computational meta-analysis of genome-wide data. Surprisingly, several major models of p53-dependent gene regulation are implausible. Meta-analysis of large-scale data is unable to confirm reports on directly repressed p53 target genes and falsifies models of direct repression. This notion is supported by experimental re-analysis of representative genes reported as directly repressed by p53. Therefore, p53 is not a direct repressor of transcription, but solely activates its target genes. Moreover, models based on interference of p53 with activating transcription factors as well as models based on the function of ncRNAs are also not supported by the meta-analysis. As an alternative to models of direct repression, the meta-analysis leads to the conclusion that p53 represses transcription indirectly by activation of the p53-p21-DREAM/RB pathway.
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Key Words
- CDE, cell cycle-dependent element
- CDKN1A
- CHR, cell cycle genes homology region
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DREAM complex
- DREAM, DP, RB-like, E2F4, and MuvB complex
- E2F/RB complex
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- NF-Y, Nuclear factor Y
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- genome-wide meta-analysis
- p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology; Medical School ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
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34
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Chong KH, Samarasinghe S, Kulasiri D. Mathematical modelling of p53 basal dynamics and DNA damage response. Math Biosci 2015; 259:27-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Abstract
DNA damage has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, but the consequences of genotoxic stress to postmitotic neurons are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that p53, a key mediator of the DNA damage response, plays a neuroprotective role in a Drosophila model of tauopathy. Further, through a whole-genome ChIP-chip analysis, we identify genes controlled by p53 in postmitotic neurons. We genetically validate a specific pathway, synaptic function, in p53-mediated neuroprotection. We then demonstrate that the control of synaptic genes by p53 is conserved in mammals. Collectively, our results implicate synaptic function as a central target in p53-dependent protection from neurodegeneration.
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36
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Missero C, Antonini D. Crosstalk among p53 family members in cutaneous carcinoma. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:143-6. [PMID: 24417641 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a frequency increasing worldwide. The risk of developing cSCC has been strongly associated with chronic sun exposure, especially in light skin people. The aim of this viewpoint is to discuss the contribution of the tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues p63 and p73 in the formation and progression of cSCC. Mutations in the p53 gene are early and frequent events in skin carcinogenesis mainly as a consequence of UV light exposure, often followed by loss of function of the second allele. Although rarely mutated in cancer, p63 and p73 play key roles in human cancers, with their truncated isoforms lacking the N-terminal transactivating domain (∆N) being often upregulated as compared to normal tissues. ∆Np63 is abundantly expressed in cSCC, and it is likely to favour tumor initiation and progression. The function of p73 in cSCC is more enigmatic and awaits further studies. Interestingly, an intimate interplay exists between both p53 and p63, and the Notch signalling pathway, often inactivated in cSCC. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the biological activities of p53 family members in cSCC and propose that integration of their signalling with Notch is key to cSCC formation and progression.
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37
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Ayroldi E, Petrillo MG, Bastianelli A, Marchetti MC, Ronchetti S, Nocentini G, Ricciotti L, Cannarile L, Riccardi C. L-GILZ binds p53 and MDM2 and suppresses tumor growth through p53 activation in human cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:118-30. [PMID: 25168242 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 regulates the expression of genes crucial for biological processes such as cell proliferation, metabolism, cell repair, senescence and apoptosis. Activation of p53 also suppresses neoplastic transformations, thereby inhibiting the growth of mutated and/or damaged cells. p53-binding proteins, such as mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), inhibit p53 activation and thus regulate p53-mediated stress responses. Here, we found that long glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (L-GILZ), a recently identified isoform of GILZ, activates p53 and that the overexpression of L-GILZ in p53(+/+) HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells suppresses the growth of xenografts in mice. In the presence of both p53 and MDM2, L-GILZ binds preferentially to MDM2 and interferes with p53/MDM2 complex formation, making p53 available for downstream gene activation. Consistent with this finding, L-GILZ induced p21 and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression only in p53(+/+) cells, while L-GILZ silencing reversed the anti-proliferative activity of dexamethasone as well as expression of p53, p21 and PUMA. Furthermore, L-GILZ stabilizes p53 proteins by decreasing p53 ubiquitination and increasing MDM2 ubiquitination. These findings reveal L-GILZ as a regulator of p53 and a candidate for new therapeutic anti-cancer strategies for tumors associated with p53 deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ayroldi
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - M G Petrillo
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Bastianelli
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - M C Marchetti
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Ronchetti
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Nocentini
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Ricciotti
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Cannarile
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Riccardi
- Department Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
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38
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Reichrath J, Reichrath S, Heyne K, Vogt T, Roemer K. Tumor suppression in skin and other tissues via cross-talk between vitamin D- and p53-signaling. Front Physiol 2014; 5:166. [PMID: 24917821 PMCID: PMC4042062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 and its family members have been implicated in the direct regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vitamin D- and p53-signaling pathways have a significant impact on spontaneous or carcinogen-induced malignant transformation of cells, with VDR and p53 representing important tumor suppressors. VDR and the p53/p63/p73 proteins all function typically as receptors or sensors that turn into transcriptional regulators upon stimulus, with the main difference being that the nuclear VDR is activated as a transcription factor after binding its naturally occurring ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with high affinity while the p53 family of transcription factors, mostly in the nucleoplasm, responds to a large number of alterations in cell homeostasis commonly referred to as stress. An increasing body of evidence now convincingly demonstrates a cross-talk between vitamin D- and p53-signaling that occurs at different levels, has genome-wide implications and that should be of high importance for many malignancies, including non-melanoma skin cancer. One interaction involves the ability of p53 to increase skin pigmentation via POMC derivatives including alpha-MSH and ACTH. Pigmentation protects the skin against UV-induced DNA damage and skin carcinogenesis, yet on the other hand reduces cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. A second level of interaction may be through the ability of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to increase the survival of skin cells after UV irradiation. UV irradiation-surviving cells show significant reductions in thymine dimers in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D that are associated with increased nuclear p53 protein expression, and significantly reduced NO products. A third level of interaction is documented by the ability of vitamin D compounds to regulate the expression of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene in dependence of the presence of wild-type p53. MDM2 has a well-established role as a key negative regulator of p53 activity. Finally, p53 and family members have been implicated in the direct regulation of VDR. This overview summarizes some of the implications of the cross-talk between vitamin D- and p53-signaling for carcinogenesis in the skin and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Sandra Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Kristina Heyne
- José Carreras Centre and Internal Medicine I, University of Saarland Medical Centre Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Klaus Roemer
- José Carreras Centre and Internal Medicine I, University of Saarland Medical Centre Homburg (Saar), Germany
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Triptolide induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human laryngocarcinoma cells by enhancing p53 activities and suppressing E6-mediated p53 degradation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80784. [PMID: 24244715 PMCID: PMC3828261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, an active compound extracted from Chinese herb Leigongteng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.), shows a broad-spectrum of anticancer activity through its cytotoxicity. However, the efficacy of triptolide on laryngocarcinoma rarely been evaluated, and the mechanism by which triptolide-induced cellular apoptosis is still not well understood. In this study, we found that triptolide significantly inhibited the laryngocarcinoma HEp-2 cells proliferation, migration and survivability. Triptolide induces HEp-2 cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways since both caspase-8 and -9 are activated. Moreover, triptolide enhances p53 expression by increasing its stability via down-regulation of E6 and E6AP. Increased p53 transactivates down-stream target genes to initiate apoptosis. In addition, we found that short time treatment with triptolide induced DNA damage, which was consistent with the increase in p53. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of triptolide is decreased by p53 knockdown or use of caspases inhibitor. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that triptolide inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in laryngocarcinoma cells by enhancing p53 expression and activating p53 functions through induction of DNA damage and suppression of E6 mediated p53 degradation. These studies indicate that triptolide is a potential anti-laryngocarcinoma drug.
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Sahu SK, Mohanty S, Kumar A, Kundu CN, Verma SC, Choudhuri T. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C interact with p73: Interplay between a viral oncoprotein and cellular tumor suppressor. Virology 2013; 448:333-43. [PMID: 24314664 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The p73 protein has structural and functional homology with the tumor suppressor p53, which plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. The p73 locus encodes both a tumor suppressor (TAp73) and a putative oncogene (ΔNp73). p73 May play a significant role in p53-deficient lymphomas infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV produces an asymptomatic infection in the majority of the global population, but it is associated with several human B-cell malignancies. The EBV-encoded Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is thought to disrupt the cell cycle checkpoint by interacting directly with p53 family proteins. Doxorubicin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, induces apoptosis through p53 and p73 signaling such that the lowΔNp73 level promotes the p73-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. In this report, we investigated the mechanism by which EBV infection counters p73α-induced apoptosis through EBNA3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Sahu
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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41
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Massip A, Arcondéguy T, Touriol C, Basset C, Prats H, Lacazette E. E2F1 activates p53 transcription through its distal site and participates in apoptosis induction in HPV-positive cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3188-94. [PMID: 23954287 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein, one of the most extensively studied proteins, plays a pivotal role in cellular checkpoints that respond to DNA damage to prevent tumorigenesis. However, the transcriptional control of the p53 gene has not been fully characterized. We report that the transcription factor E2F1 binds only to the E2F1 distal site of the p53 promoter in the human papillomavirus positive carcinoma HeLa cell line. Moreover, we showed that etoposide, a DNA damaging agent, activates p53 transcription through the E2F1 pathway. This increase correlates with apoptosis induction as disruption of this pathway led to reduced apoptosis stimulation by the DNA damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Massip
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Cancer Department, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Hepcidin is the major regulatory peptide hormone of iron metabolism, encoded by the HAMP (hepcidin antimicrobial peptide) gene. Hepcidin is expressed mainly in hepatocytes, but is also found in the blood in both a mature and prohormone form. Although, the function of mature hepcidin and the regulation of the HAMP gene have been extensively studied, the intracellular localization and the fate of prohepcidin remains controversial. In the present study, we propose a novel role for prohepcidin in the regulation of its own transcription. Using indirect immunofluorescence and mCherry tagging, a portion of prohepcidin was detected in the nucleus of hepatocytes. Prohepcidin was found to specifically bind to the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) site in the promoter of HAMP. Overexpression of prohepcidin in WRL68 cells decreased HAMP promoter activity, whereas decreasing the amount of prohepcidin caused increased promoter activity measured by a luciferase reporter-gene assay. Moreover, overexpression of the known prohepcidin-binding partner, α-1 antitrypsin caused increased HAMP promoter activity, suggesting that only the non-α-1 antitrypsin-bound prohepcidin affects the expression of its own gene. The results of the present study indicate that prohepcidin can bind to and transcriptionally regulate the expression of HAMP, suggesting a novel autoregulatory pathway of hepcidin gene expression in hepatocytes.
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Srivastava AK, Bhatnagar P, Singh M, Mishra S, Kumar P, Shukla Y, Gupta KC. Synthesis of PLGA nanoparticles of tea polyphenols and their strong in vivo protective effect against chemically induced DNA damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1451-62. [PMID: 23717041 PMCID: PMC3663489 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of proficient results of several phytochemicals in preclinical settings, the conversion rate from bench to bedside is not very encouraging. Many reasons are attributed to this limited success, including inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability under in vivo conditions. To achieve improved efficacy, polyphenolic constituents of black (theaflavin [TF]) and green (epigallocatechin-3-gallate [EGCG]) tea in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) were entrapped with entrapment efficacy of ~18% and 26%, respectively. Further, their preventive potential against 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced DNA damage in mouse skin using DNA alkaline unwinding assay was evaluated. Pretreatment (topically) of mouse skin with either TF or EGCG (100 μg/mouse) doses exhibits protection of 45.34% and 28.32%, respectively, against DMBA-induced DNA damage. However, pretreatment with TF-loaded PLGA-NPs protects against DNA damage 64.41% by 1/20th dose of bulk, 71.79% by 1/10th dose of bulk, and 72.46% by 1/5th dose of bulk. Similarly, 51.28% (1/20th of bulk), 57.63% (1/10th of bulk), and 63.14% (1/5th of bulk) prevention was noted using EGCG-loaded PLGA-NP doses. These results showed that tea polyphenol-loaded PLGA-NPs have ~30-fold dose-advantage than bulk TF or EGCG doses. Additionally, TF- or EGCG-loaded PLGA-NPs showed significant potential for induction of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XRCC3, and ERCC3) and suppression of DNA damage responsive genes (p53, p21, MDM2, GADD45α, and COX-2) as compared with respective bulk TF or EGCG doses. Taken together, TF- or EGCG-loaded PLGA-NPs showed a superior ability to prevent DMBA-induced DNA damage at much lower concentrations, thus opening a new dimension in chemoprevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), Lucknow, India
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Yan W, Liu S, Xu E, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Chen X. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress mutant p53 transcription via histone deacetylase 8. Oncogene 2013; 32:599-609. [PMID: 22391568 PMCID: PMC3371110 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration in human cancer and contributes to malignant process by enhancing transformed properties of cells and resistance to anticancer therapy. Mutant p53 is often highly expressed in tumor cells at least, in part, due to its increased half-life. However, whether mutant p53 expression is regulated by other mechanisms in tumors is unclear. Here we found that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors suppress both wild-type and mutant p53 transcription in time- and dose-dependent manners. Consistent with this, the levels of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins are decreased upon treatment with HDAC inhibitors. Importantly, we found that upon knockdown of each class I HDAC, only HDAC8 knockdown leads to decreased expression of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins and transcripts. Conversely, we found that ectopic expression of wild-type, but not mutant HDAC8, leads to increased transcription of p53. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of HDAC8 results in reduced expression of HoxA5 and consequently, attenuated ability of HoxA5 to activate p53 transcription, which can be rescued by ectopic expression of HoxA5. Because of the fact that HDAC8 is required for expression of both wild-type and mutant p53, we found that targeted disruption of HDAC8 expression remarkably triggers proliferative defect in cells with a mutant, but not wild-type, p53. Together, our data uncover a regulatory mechanism of mutant p53 transcription via HDAC8 and suggest that HDAC inhibitors and especially HDAC8-targeting agents might be explored as an adjuvant for tumors carrying a mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Srivastava AK, Srivastava PK, Al-Khedhairy AA, Musarrat J, Shukla Y. Allethrin-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Mutat Res 2012; 747:22-28. [PMID: 22475934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allethrin (C(19)H(26)O(3)) is non-cyano-containing pyrethroid insecticide that is used extensively for controlling flies and mosquitoes. Apart from its neurotoxic effects in non-target species, allethrin is reported to be mutagenic in bacterial systems. In this study, we observed oxidative damage-mediated genotoxicity caused by allethrin in Swiss albino mice. The genotoxic potential of allethrin was evaluated using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and a micronuclei (MN) induction assay as genetic end-points. The oral intubation of allethrin (25 and 50mg/kg b.wt.) significantly induces CAs and MN in mouse bone marrow cells. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was estimated in mouse liver using the DNA alkaline unwinding assay (DAUA) and by measuring the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG). Furthermore, a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO), with a concurrent decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, confirm its pro-oxidant potential. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was found to be mediated through the modulation of p53, p21, GADD45α and MDM-2. These results confirm the genotoxic and the pro-oxidant potential of allethrin in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India; Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | | | | | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
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Barra V, Schillaci T, Lentini L, Costa G, Di Leonardo A. Bypass of cell cycle arrest induced by transient DNMT1 post-transcriptional silencing triggers aneuploidy in human cells. Cell Div 2012; 7:2. [PMID: 22305267 PMCID: PMC3292948 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneuploidy has been acknowledged as a major source of genomic instability in cancer, and it is often considered the result of chromosome segregation errors including those caused by defects in genes controlling the mitotic spindle assembly, centrosome duplication and cell-cycle checkpoints. Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability has been also correlated with epigenetic alteration, however the molecular basis of this correlation is poorly understood. RESULTS To address the functional connection existing between epigenetic changes and aneuploidy, we used RNA-interference to silence the DNMT1 gene, encoding for a highly conserved member of the DNA methyl-transferases. DNMT1 depletion slowed down proliferation of near-diploid human tumor cells (HCT116) and triggered G1 arrest in primary human fibroblasts (IMR90), by inducing p53 stabilization and, in turn, p21waf1 transactivation. Remarkably, p53 increase was not caused by DNA damage and was not observed after p14-ARF post-transcriptional silencing. Interestingly, DNMT1 silenced cells with p53 or p14-ARF depleted did not arrest in G1 but, instead, underwent DNA hypomethylation and became aneuploid. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DNMT1 depletion triggers a p14ARF/p53 dependent cell cycle arrest to counteract the aneuploidy induced by changes in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Barra
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Science and Technology (STEMBIO) University of Palermo, Italy.
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Notch and the p53 clan of transcription factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 727:223-40. [PMID: 22399351 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0899-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Notch 1 to 4 and the p53 clan, comprising p53, p63 and p73 plus numerous isoforms thereof, are gene transcription regulators that are critically involved in various aspects of cell differentiation, stem cell maintenance and tumour suppression. It is thus perhaps no surprise that extensive crosstalk between the Notch and p53 pathways is implemented during these processes. Typically, Notch together with p53 and even more so with transactivation competent p63 or p73, drives differentiation, whereas Notch combined with transactivation impaired p63 or p73 helps maintain undifferentiated stem cell compartments. With regard to cancer, it seems that Notch acts as a tumour suppressor in cellular contexts where Notch signalling supports p53 activation and both together can bring on its way an anti-proliferative programme of differentiation, senescence or apoptosis. In contrast, Notch often acts as an oncoprotein in contexts where it suppresses p53 activation and activity and where differentiation is unwanted. It is no accident that the latter pathways-the inhibition by Notch of p53 and differentiation-are operative in somatic stem cells as well as in tumour cells.
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Wen R, Li J, Xu X, Cui Z, Xiao W. Zebrafish Mms2 promotes K63-linked polyubiquitination and is involved in p53-mediated DNA-damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 11:157-66. [PMID: 22055568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 together with a Ubc/E2 variant (Uev) form a stable complex and mediate K63-linked polyubiquitination, which is implicated in DNA damage tolerance in yeast and mammalian cells. The zebrafish Danio rerio is a lower vertebrate model organism widely used in the studies of vertebrate development and environmental stress responses. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of two zebrafish UEV genes, Drmms2 and Druev1. Their deduced amino acid sequences indicate that the two UEV genes evolved separately prior to the appearance of vertebrates. Both zebrafish Uevs form a stable complex with DrUbc13 as well as Ubc13s from yeast and human, and are able to promote Ubc13-mediated K63 polyubiquitination in vitro, suggesting that their biochemical activities are conserved. Despite the fact that both zebrafish UEV genes can functionally replace the yeast MMS2 DNA-damage tolerance function, they exhibited differences in DNA-damage response in zebrafish embryos: ablation of DrMms2, but not DrUev1, enhances both spontaneous and DNA-damage induced expression of p53 effectors p21 and mdm2. In addition, DrUbc13 specifically binds Drp53 in an in vitro assay. These observations collectively indicate that zebrafish Mms2 and Ubc13 form a stable complex, which is required for p53-mediated DNA-damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Shimizu H, Bolati D, Adijiang A, Muteliefu G, Enomoto A, Nishijima F, Dateki M, Niwa T. NF-κB plays an important role in indoxyl sulfate-induced cellular senescence, fibrotic gene expression, and inhibition of proliferation in proximal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C1201-12. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00471.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate induces senescence and dysfunction of proximal tubular cells by activating p53 expression. However, little is known about the role of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in these processes. The present study examines whether activation (phosphorylation) of NF-κB by indoxyl sulfate promotes senescence and dysfunction in human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells). Indoxyl sulfate induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 on Ser-276, which was suppressed by N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant. Furthermore, indoxyl sulfate induced NF-κB p65 expression. Inhibitors of NF-κB (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and isohelenin) and NF-κB p65 small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed indoxyl sulfate-induced senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and expression of p53, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and α-smoothe muscle actin (SMA). The induction of p53 expression and p53 promoter activity by indoxyl sulfate were inhibited by pifithrin-α, p-nitro, an inhibitor of p53, whereas p53-transfected cells showed enhanced p53 promoter activity. NF-κB inhibitors suppressed indoxyl sulfate-induced p21 expression, whereas NF-κB p65 siRNA enhanced its expression. NF-κB inhibitors partially alleviated indoxyl sulfate-induced inhibition of cellular proliferation. NF-κB p65 siRNA-transfected cells showed less proliferation in the presence of indoxyl sulfate than control cells. Phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was expressed and colocalized with p53, p21, β-galactosidase, TGF-β1, and α-SMA in the kidneys of chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. AST-120, which reduces serum indoxyl sulfate level, suppressed their expression in the CRF rat kidneys. Taken together, NF-κB plays an important role in indoxyl sulfate-induced cellular senescence, fibrotic gene expression, and inhibition of proliferation in proximal tubular cells. More notably, indoxyl sulfate accelerates proximal tubular cell senescence with progression of CRF through reactive oxygen species-NF-κB-p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Uremia, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Dilinaer Bolati
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Uremia, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Ayinuer Adijiang
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Uremia, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Minori Dateki
- Graduate School of Science, Toho University, Ota, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Niwa
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Uremia, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, and
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p53 Family: Role of Protein Isoforms in Human Cancer. J Nucleic Acids 2011; 2012:687359. [PMID: 22007292 PMCID: PMC3191818 DOI: 10.1155/2012/687359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53, TP63, and TP73 genes comprise the p53 family. Each gene produces protein isoforms through multiple mechanisms including extensive alternative mRNA splicing. Accumulating evidence shows that these isoforms play a critical role in the regulation of many biological processes in normal cells. Their abnormal expression contributes to tumorigenesis and has a profound effect on tumor response to curative therapy. This paper is an overview of isoform diversity in the p53 family and its role in cancer.
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