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Horn-Ghetko D, Hopf LVM, Tripathi-Giesgen I, Du J, Kostrhon S, Vu DT, Beier V, Steigenberger B, Prabu JR, Stier L, Bruss EM, Mann M, Xiong Y, Schulman BA. Noncanonical assembly, neddylation and chimeric cullin-RING/RBR ubiquitylation by the 1.8 MDa CUL9 E3 ligase complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01257-y. [PMID: 38605244 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligation is typically executed by hallmark E3 catalytic domains. Two such domains, 'cullin-RING' and 'RBR', are individually found in several hundred human E3 ligases, and collaborate with E2 enzymes to catalyze ubiquitylation. However, the vertebrate-specific CUL9 complex with RBX1 (also called ROC1), of interest due to its tumor suppressive interaction with TP53, uniquely encompasses both cullin-RING and RBR domains. Here, cryo-EM, biochemistry and cellular assays elucidate a 1.8-MDa hexameric human CUL9-RBX1 assembly. Within one dimeric subcomplex, an E2-bound RBR domain is activated by neddylation of its own cullin domain and positioning from the adjacent CUL9-RBX1 in trans. Our data show CUL9 as unique among RBX1-bound cullins in dependence on the metazoan-specific UBE2F neddylation enzyme, while the RBR domain protects it from deneddylation. Substrates are recruited to various upstream domains, while ubiquitylation relies on both CUL9's neddylated cullin and RBR domains achieving self-assembled and chimeric cullin-RING/RBR E3 ligase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Horn-Ghetko
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Linus V M Hopf
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
| | - Ishita Tripathi-Giesgen
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
| | - Jiale Du
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kostrhon
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - D Tung Vu
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Viola Beier
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J Rajan Prabu
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luca Stier
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
| | - Elias M Bruss
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Cullgen Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Pitts S, Liu H, Ibrahim A, Garg A, Felgueira CM, Begum A, Fan W, Teh S, Low JY, Ford B, Schneider DA, Hay R, Laiho M. Identification of an E3 ligase that targets the catalytic subunit of RNA Polymerase I upon transcription stress. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102690. [PMID: 36372232 PMCID: PMC9727647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) synthesizes rRNA, which is the first and rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis. Factors governing the stability of the polymerase complex are not known. Previous studies characterizing Pol I inhibitor BMH-21 revealed a transcriptional stress-dependent pathway for degradation of the largest subunit of Pol I, RPA194. To identify the E3 ligase(s) involved, we conducted a cell-based RNAi screen for ubiquitin pathway genes. We establish Skp-Cullin-F-box protein complex F-box protein FBXL14 as an E3 ligase for RPA194. We show that FBXL14 binds to RPA194 and mediates RPA194 ubiquitination and degradation in cancer cells treated with BMH-21. Mutation analysis in yeast identified lysines 1150, 1153, and 1156 on Rpa190 relevant for the protein degradation. These results reveal the regulated turnover of Pol I, showing that the stability of the catalytic subunit is controlled by the F-box protein FBXL14 in response to transcription stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pitts
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hester Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adel Ibrahim
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Garg
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Mendes Felgueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Asma Begum
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenjun Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Selina Teh
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin-Yih Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany Ford
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David A. Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ronald Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marikki Laiho
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,For correspondence: Marikki Laiho
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3
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Hopf LVM, Baek K, Klügel M, von Gronau S, Xiong Y, Schulman BA. Structure of CRL7 FBXW8 reveals coupling with CUL1-RBX1/ROC1 for multi-cullin-RING E3-catalyzed ubiquitin ligation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:854-862. [PMID: 35982156 PMCID: PMC9507964 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) form homologous assemblies between a neddylated cullin-RING catalytic module and a variable substrate-binding receptor (for example, an F-box protein). However, the vertebrate-specific CRL7FBXW8 is of interest because it eludes existing models, yet its constituent cullin CUL7 and F-box protein FBXW8 are essential for development, and CUL7 mutations cause 3M syndrome. In this study, cryo-EM and biochemical analyses reveal the CRL7FBXW8 assembly. CUL7’s exclusivity for FBXW8 among all F-box proteins is explained by its unique F-box-independent binding mode. In CRL7FBXW8, the RBX1 (also known as ROC1) RING domain is constrained in an orientation incompatible with binding E2~NEDD8 or E2~ubiquitin intermediates. Accordingly, purified recombinant CRL7FBXW8 lacks auto-neddylation and ubiquitination activities. Instead, our data indicate that CRL7 serves as a substrate receptor linked via SKP1–FBXW8 to a neddylated CUL1–RBX1 catalytic module mediating ubiquitination. The structure reveals a distinctive CRL–CRL partnership, and provides a framework for understanding CUL7 assemblies safeguarding human health. The cryo-EM structure of CRL7FBXW8 shows that CUL7–RBX1 binds FBXW8–SKP1 in an F-box-independent manner. Bridged by FBXW8–SKP1, CRL7FBXW8 forms a multi-cullin E3 ligase complex with neddylated CUL1–RBX1, which ubiquitinates a substrate recruited to CUL7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus V M Hopf
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kheewoong Baek
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maren Klügel
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne von Gronau
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Cullgen Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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4
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High Expression of CUL9 Is Prognostic and Predictive for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in High-Risk Stage II and Stage III Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163843. [PMID: 36010837 PMCID: PMC9406063 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the clinical implications of CUL9 expression on the prognosis and the predictive value for adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer. A total of 1078 consecutive patients treated with radical resection from 2008 to 2012 were included. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were used as immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CUL9. For all patients, high expression of CUL9 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 1.613, 95% CI 1.305−1.993, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.570, 95% CI 1.159−2.128, p = 0.004). The prognostic value of high CUL9 expression was confirmed in an independent validation cohort from the GEO database. The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed among patients with high-risk stage II and stage III disease. Those with high CUL9 expression from the full dose group had better disease-free survival (HR = 0.477, 95% CI 0.276−0.825, p = 0.006) than those from the reduced dose group. The interaction test between CUL9 expression and the treatment reached significance and was not confounded by T stage, N stage and histopathological grade. In general, high expression of CUL9 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with colon cancer. In those with high-risk stage II and stage III disease, high expression of CUL9 was associated with the benefit from standard 6-months adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.
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5
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Ortolano NA, Romero-Morales AI, Rasmussen ML, Bodnya C, Kline LA, Joshi P, Connelly JP, Rose KL, Pruett-Miller SM, Gama V. A proteomics approach for the identification of cullin-9 (CUL9) related signaling pathways in induced pluripotent stem cell models. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248000. [PMID: 33705438 PMCID: PMC7951927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CUL9 is a non-canonical and poorly characterized member of the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases known as the Cullin RING ligases (CRLs). Most CRLs play a critical role in developmental processes, however, the role of CUL9 in neuronal development remains elusive. We determined that deletion or depletion of CUL9 protein causes aberrant formation of neural rosettes, an in vitro model of early neuralization. In this study, we applied mass spectrometric approaches in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) to identify CUL9 related signaling pathways that may contribute to this phenotype. Through LC-MS/MS analysis of immunoprecipitated endogenous CUL9, we identified several subunits of the APC/C, a major cell cycle regulator, as potential CUL9 interacting proteins. Knockdown of the APC/C adapter protein FZR1 resulted in a significant increase in CUL9 protein levels, however, CUL9 does not appear to affect protein abundance of APC/C subunits and adapters or alter cell cycle progression. Quantitative proteomic analysis of CUL9 KO hPSCs and hNPCs identified protein networks related to metabolic, ubiquitin degradation, and transcriptional regulation pathways that are disrupted by CUL9 deletion in both hPSCs. No significant changes in oxygen consumption rates or ATP production were detected in either cell type. The results of our study build on current evidence that CUL9 may have unique functions in different cell types and that compensatory mechanisms may contribute to the difficulty of identifying CUL9 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A. Ortolano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alejandra I. Romero-Morales
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Caroline Bodnya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Leigh A. Kline
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jon P. Connelly
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt MSRC Proteomics Core, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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6
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Wu C, Cui Y, Liu X, Zhang F, Lu LY, Yu X. The RNF20/40 complex regulates p53-dependent gene transcription and mRNA splicing. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:113-124. [PMID: 31152661 PMCID: PMC7109600 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a key transcription factor to regulate gene transcription. However, the molecular mechanism of chromatin-associated p53 on gene transcription remains elusive. Here, using unbiased protein affinity purification, we found that the RNF20/40 complex associated with p53 on the chromatin. Further analyses indicated that p53 mediated the recruitment of the RNF20/40 complex to p53 target gene loci including p21 and PUMA loci and regulated the transcription of p21 and PUMA via the RNF20/40 complex-dependent histone H2B ubiquitination (ubH2B). Lacking the RNF20/40 complex suppressed not only ubH2B but also the generation of the mature mRNA of p21 and PUMA. Moreover, ubH2B was recognized by the ubiquitin-binding motif of pre-mRNA processing splicing factor 8 (PRPF8), a subunit in the spliceosome, and PRPF8 was required for the maturation of the mRNA of p21 and PUMA. Our study unveils a novel p53-dependent pathway that regulates mRNA splicing for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yaqi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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7
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Asmar AJ, Beck DB, Werner A. Control of craniofacial and brain development by Cullin3-RING ubiquitin ligases: Lessons from human disease genetics. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112300. [PMID: 32986984 PMCID: PMC10627151 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metazoan development relies on intricate cell differentiation, communication, and migration pathways, which ensure proper formation of specialized cell types, tissues, and organs. These pathways are crucially controlled by ubiquitylation, a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the stability, activity, localization, or interaction landscape of substrate proteins. Specificity of ubiquitylation is ensured by E3 ligases, which bind substrates and co-operate with E1 and E2 enzymes to mediate ubiquitin transfer. Cullin3-RING ligases (CRL3s) are a large class of multi-subunit E3s that have emerged as important regulators of cell differentiation and development. In particular, recent evidence from human disease genetics, animal models, and mechanistic studies have established their involvement in the control of craniofacial and brain development. Here, we summarize regulatory principles of CRL3 assembly, substrate recruitment, and ubiquitylation that allow this class of E3s to fulfill their manifold functions in development. We further review our current mechanistic understanding of how specific CRL3 complexes orchestrate neuroectodermal differentiation and highlight diseases associated with their dysregulation. Based on evidence from human disease genetics, we propose that other unknown CRL3 complexes must help coordinate craniofacial and brain development and discuss how combining emerging strategies from the field of disease gene discovery with biochemical and human pluripotent stem cell approaches will likely facilitate their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Asmar
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David B Beck
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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8
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The functional analysis of Cullin 7 E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:98. [PMID: 33130829 PMCID: PMC7603503 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin (CUL) proteins have critical roles in development and cancer, however few studies on CUL7 have been reported due to its characteristic molecular structure. CUL7 forms a complex with the ROC1 ring finger protein, and only two F-box proteins Fbxw8 and Fbxw11 have been shown to bind to CUL7. Interestingly, CUL7 can interact with its substrates by forming a novel complex that is independent of these two F-box proteins. The biological implications of CUL-ring ligase 7 (CRL7) suggest that the CRL7 may not only perform a proteolytic function but may also play a non-proteolytic role. Among the existing studied CRL7-based E3 ligases, CUL7 exerts both tumor promotion and suppression in a context-dependent manner. Currently, the mechanism of CUL7 in cancer remains unclear, and no studies have addressed potential therapies targeting CUL7. Consistent with the roles of the various CRL7 adaptors exhibit, targeting CRL7 might be an effective strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. We systematically describe the recent major advances in understanding the role of the CUL7 E3 ligase in cancer and further summarize its potential use in clinical therapy.
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9
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Blondelle J, Biju A, Lange S. The Role of Cullin-RING Ligases in Striated Muscle Development, Function, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7936. [PMID: 33114658 PMCID: PMC7672578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-orchestrated turnover of proteins in cross-striated muscles is one of the fundamental processes required for muscle cell function and survival. Dysfunction of the intricate protein degradation machinery is often associated with development of cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS involves a number of enzymes, including E3-ligases, which tightly control which protein substrates are marked for degradation by the proteasome. Recent data reveal that E3-ligases of the cullin family play more diverse and crucial roles in cross striated muscles than previously anticipated. This review highlights some of the findings on the multifaceted functions of cullin-RING E3-ligases, their substrate adapters, muscle protein substrates, and regulatory proteins, such as the Cop9 signalosome, for the development of cross striated muscles, and their roles in the etiology of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Pick E. The necessity of NEDD8/Rub1 for vitality and its association with mitochondria-derived oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101765. [PMID: 33099217 PMCID: PMC7582104 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Access of molecular oxygen to the respiratory electron transport chain at the mitochondria costs in the generation of reactive oxygen-derived species (ROS). ROS induces progressive damage to macromolecules in all living cells, hence, rapid defense mechanisms to maintain cellular redox homeostasis are vital. NEDD8/Rub1 is a highly conserved ubiquitin-like modifier that has recently been identified as a key regulator of cellular redox homeostasis. In this review, I will present NEDD8/Rub1, its modification cascade of enzymes, substrates and hydrolases. After introduction, I will show that the NEDD8/Rub1 pathway is linked with mitochondria physiology, namely, oxidative stress. In the rest of the review, I will approach the Ascomycota phylum of the kingdom fungi instrumentally, to present existing links between NEDD8/Rub1 vitality and the aerobic lifestyle of model species belonging to three subphyla: Saccharomycotina (S. cerevisiae and C. albicans), Pezizomycotina (A. nidulans and N. crassa), and Taphrinomycotina (S. pombe). NEDD8/Rub1 is a key regulator of cellular redox homeostasis. Ascomycota species that produce mitochondria-derived ROS during glycolysis require NEDD8/Rub1for viability. NEDD8/Rub1 essentiality correlates with the existence of NEDP1 in the organism genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elah Pick
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Oranim, Tivon, 3600600, Israel.
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11
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YU Q, XIONG X, SUN Y. [Targeting Cullin-RING E3 ligases for anti-cancer therapy: efforts on drug discovery]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:1-19. [PMID: 32621419 PMCID: PMC8800688 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) are the major components of ubiquitin-proteasome system, responsible for ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of thousands of cellular proteins. CRLs play vital roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle, cell apoptosis, DNA replication, signalling transduction among the others, and are frequently dysregulated in many human cancers. The discovery of specific neddylation inhibitors, represented by MLN4924, has validated CRLs as promising targets for anti-cancer therapies with a growing market. Recent studies have focused on the discovery of the CRLs inhibitors by a variety of approaches, including high through-put screen, virtual screen or structure-based drug design. The field is, however, still facing the major challenging, since CRLs are a large multi-unit protein family without typical active pockets to facilitate the drug design, and enzymatic activity is mainly dependent on undruggable protein-protein interactions and dynamic conformation changes. Up to now, most reported CRLs inhibitors are aiming at targeting the F-box family proteins (e.g., SKP2, β-TrCP and FBXW7), the substrate recognition subunit of SCF E3 ligases. Other studies reported few small molecule inhibitors targeting the UBE2M-DCN1 interaction, which specifically inhibits CRL3/CRL1 by blocking the cullin neddylation. On the other hand, several CRL activators have been reported, such as plant auxin and immunomodulatory imide drugs, thalidomide. Finally, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has emerged as a new technology in the field of drug discovery, specifically targeting the undruggable protein-protein interaction. The technique connects the small molecule that selectively binds to a target protein to a CRL E3 via a chemical linker to trigger the degradation of target protein. The PROTAC has become a hotspot in the field of E3-ligase-based anti-cancer drug discovery.
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12
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Wang P, Dai X, Jiang W, Li Y, Wei W. RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:131-144. [PMID: 32442483 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RING-in-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligases are one class of E3 ligases that is characterized by the unique RING-HECT hybrid mechanism to function with E2s to transfer ubiquitin to target proteins for degradation. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that RBR E3 ligases play essential roles in neurodegenerative diseases, infection, inflammation and cancer. Accumulated evidence has revealed that RBR E3 ligases exert their biological functions in various types of cancers by modulating the degradation of tumor promoters or suppressors. Hence, we summarize the differential functions of RBR E3 ligases in a variety of human cancers. In general, ARIH1, RNF14, RNF31, RNF144B, RNF216, and RBCK1 exhibit primarily oncogenic roles, whereas ARIH2, PARC and PARK2 mainly have tumor suppressive functions. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which different RBR E3 ligases are involved in tumorigenesis and progression are also described. We discuss the further investigation is required to comprehensively understand the critical role of RBR E3 ligases in carcinogenesis. We hope our review can stimulate the researchers to deeper explore the mechanism of RBR E3 ligases-mediated carcinogenesis and to develop useful inhibitors of these oncogenic E3 ligases for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA.
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Xu J, Zhang Z, Qian M, Wang S, Qiu W, Chen Z, Sun Z, Xiong Y, Wang C, Sun X, Zhao R, Xue H, Li G. Cullin-7 (CUL7) is overexpressed in glioma cells and promotes tumorigenesis via NF-κB activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:59. [PMID: 32252802 PMCID: PMC7132976 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cullin-7 (CUL7) is a member of the DOC domain-containing cullin family and is involved in the regulation of cell transformation. However, the clinical significance, potential mechanism and upstream regulators of CUL7 in malignant gliomas remain to be determined. METHODS Expression level data and clinical information were obtained via the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of CUL7. RNA silencing was performed using siRNA or lentiviral constructs in U87MG and U251 glioma cell lines and GSC267 glioma stem cells. CUL7 overexpression was performed using the GV141-CUL7 plasmid construct. In addition, overexpression of miR-3940-5p was performed and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cells were characterized in vitro or in vivo to evaluate their molecular status, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, EdU, flow cytometry, colony formation, Transwell and 3D tumour spheroid invasion assays. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and western blotting were performed to test the mechanisms of activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. RESULTS High CUL7 expression was associated with a high tumour grade, a mesenchymal molecular glioma subtype and a poor prognosis in patients. Gene silencing of CUL7 in U87MG and U251 cells significantly inhibited tumour growth, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis revealed that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecular markers changed under CUL7 silencing conditions. In contrast, CUL7 overexpression promoted tumour growth, invasion and migration. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and western blot analysis revealed that CUL7 was positively associated with the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, with coimmunoprecipitation assays, we discovered that CUL7 physically associated with MST1, which further led to ubiquitin-mediated MST1 protein degradation, which promoted activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Finally, CUL7 was found to be downregulated by miR-3940-5p, which suppressed the development of gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CUL7 plays a significant role in promoting tumorigenesis via NF-κB activation and that it can be negatively regulated by miR-3940-5p in human gliomas. Furthermore, CUL7 might be a candidate molecular target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zongpu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingyu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhongzheng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, #247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), #758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, #1751 XinhuStreet, Dezhou, 253014, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China. .,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China. .,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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14
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Pan ZQ. Cullin-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 7 in Growth Control and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:285-296. [PMID: 31898234 PMCID: PMC8343956 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CRL7Fbxw8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, containing cullin7 (CUL7) as a scaffold, the F-box protein Fbxw8 as a substrate receptor, the Skp1 adaptor, and the ROC1/Rbx1 RING finger protein for working with E2 enzyme to facilitate ubiquitin transfer. This chapter provides an update on studies linking CRL7Fbxw8 to hereditary human growth retardation disease, as at least 64 cul7 germ line mutations were found in patients with autosomal recessive 3-M syndrome. CRL7Fbxw8 interacts with two additional 3-M associated proteins OBSL1 and CCDC8, leading to subcellular localization of the E3 complex to regions including plasma membrane, centrosome, and Golgi. At least ten mammalian cellular proteins were identified or implicated as CRL7Fbxw8 substrates. Discussion focuses on the possible impact of CRL7Fbxw8-mediated proteolytic or non-proteolytic pathways in growth control and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qiang Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Wang P, Yan F, Li Z, Yu Y, Parnell SE, Xiong Y. Impaired plasma membrane localization of ubiquitin ligase complex underlies 3-M syndrome development. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4393-4407. [PMID: 31343991 DOI: 10.1172/jci129107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
3-M primordial dwarfism is an inherited disease characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation and by mutually exclusive mutations in three genes, CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8. The mechanism underlying 3-M dwarfism is not clear. We showed here that CCDC8, derived from a retrotransposon Gag protein in placental mammals, exclusively localized on the plasma membrane and was phosphorylated by CK2 and GSK3. Phosphorylation of CCDC8 resulted in its binding first with OBSL1, and then CUL7, leading to the membrane assembly of the 3-M E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. We identified LL5β, a plasma membrane protein that regulates cell migration, as a substrate of 3-M ligase. Wnt inhibition of CCDC8 phosphorylation or patient-derived mutations in 3-M genes disrupted membrane localization of the 3-M complex and accumulated LL5β. Deletion of Ccdc8 in mice impaired trophoblast migration and placental development, resulting in intrauterine growth restriction and perinatal lethality. These results identified a mechanism regulating cell migration and placental development that underlies the development of 3-M dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhijun Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott E Parnell
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
| | - Yue Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and.,Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Kong Y, Wang Z, Huang M, Zhou Z, Li Y, Miao H, Wan X, Huang J, Mao X, Chen C. CUL7 promotes cancer cell survival through promoting Caspase-8 ubiquitination. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1371-1381. [PMID: 30807646 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Cullin 7 (CUL7) gene encodes a member of the cullin family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Accumulated evidence suggests that CUL7 is oncogenic. However, the mechanism by which CUL7 improves cancer cell survival has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that CUL7 confers anti-apoptotic functions by interacting with Caspase-8. CUL7 prevents Caspase-8 activation by promoting Caspase-8 modification with non-degradative polyubiquitin chains at K215. CUL7 knockdown sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in vitro and in nude mice. These results suggest that CUL7 limits extrinsic apoptotic signaling by promoting Caspase-8 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Maobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huilai Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Jingmen No.1 people's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Tian P, Liu D, Sun L, Sun H. Cullin7 promotes epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of esophageal carcinoma via the ERK‑SNAI2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5362-5367. [PMID: 29393450 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin7 (CUL7) is a member of Cullin protein family and exhibits a tumor‑promoting role in several types of tumors, including breast, liver and ovarian. However, its roles in esophageal carcinoma (EC) have not yet been reported. In the present study, CUL7 expression in EC tissue was revealed to be significantly higher compared with nontumoral tissues, as detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC; P=0.000). χ2 analysis confirmed that CUL7 expression was positively associated with invasion depth (P=0.000), lymph node involvement (P=0.033) and advanced clinical stage (P=0.000). Survival analysis demonstrated that CUL7 was positively associated with poor overall survival (P=0.001) and poor disease‑free survival (P=0.0019). An association of CUL7 with endothelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined, and IHC results indicated that high CUL7 expression was associated with increased zinc finger protein SNAI2 (SNAI2) expression (P=0.000) and decreased E‑cadherin (P=0.000). Western blot analysis demonstrated that short hairpin RNA silencing CUL7 in EC1 cells increased epithelial (E)‑cadherin protein expression level, and decreased expression of Vimentin and SNAI2; cell migration was also reduced. Western blot analysis demonstrated that over expression of CUL7 in EC9706 cells increased Vimentin and SNAI2 protein expression, but decreased E‑cadherin expression, and the number of migratory cells. Investigation into the potential molecular mechanisms demonstrated that over expressing CUL7 in EC9706 cells stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK. Inhibiting ERK through treatment with U0126 significantly abrogated CUL7‑induced alterations in Vimentin, SNAI2 and E‑cadherin expression levels. Results from the present study demonstrated that CUL7 expression was associated with EC progression and poor prognosis. CUL7 may promote EMT via the ERK‑SNAI2 pathway in EC. These data may improve our understanding of the role of CUL7 in tumors and provide supporting evidence for the development of novel therapeutic targets for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Luyi Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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18
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Goru SK, Kadakol A, Gaikwad AB. Hidden targets of ubiquitin proteasome system: To prevent diabetic nephropathy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:170-179. [PMID: 28363724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end stage renal failure. Although, several therapeutic targets have emerged to prevent the progression of DN, the number of people with DN still continues to rise worldwide, suggesting an urgent need of novel targets to prevent DN completely. Currently, the role of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been highlighted in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, cancers, neurodegerative disorders and including secondary complications of diabetes. UPS mainly involves in protein homeostatis through ubiquitination (post translational modification) and proteasomal degradation of various proteins. Ubiquitination, not only involves in proteasomal degradation, but also directs the substrate proteins to participate in multitude of cell signalling pathways. However, very little is known about ubiquitination and UPS in the progression of DN. This review mainly focuses on UPS and its components including E2 conjugating enzymes, E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) in the development of DN and thus may help us to find novel therapeutic targets with in UPS to prevent DN completely in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Goru
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Almesh Kadakol
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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19
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification in eukaryotes, well known for targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Proteins destined for proteasomal degradation are selected by E3 ubiquitin ligases. Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are the largest superfamily of E3 ubiquitin ligases, with over 400 members known in mammals. These modular complexes are tightly regulated in the cell. In this chapter, we highlight recent structural and biochemical advances shedding light on the assembly and architecture of cullin-RING ligases, their dynamic regulation by a variety of host factors, and their manipulation by viral pathogens and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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20
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Wang YL, Li D, Yang HD, He L, Sun WJ, Duan ZL, Wang Q. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CRL4 Regulates Proliferation and Progression Through Meiosis in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis1. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:65. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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21
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Sell-Kubiak E, Duijvesteijn N, Lopes MS, Janss LLG, Knol EF, Bijma P, Mulder HA. Genome-wide association study reveals novel loci for litter size and its variability in a Large White pig population. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1049. [PMID: 26652161 PMCID: PMC4674943 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many traits, not only individual trait levels are under genetic control, but also the variation around that level. In other words, genotypes do not only differ in mean, but also in (residual) variation around the genotypic mean. New statistical methods facilitate gaining knowledge on the genetic architecture of complex traits such as phenotypic variability. Here we study litter size (total number born) and its variation in a Large White pig population using a Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear model, and perform a genome-wide association study using a Bayesian method. Results In total, 10 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected for total number born (TNB) and 9 SNPs for variability of TNB (varTNB). Those SNPs explained 0.83 % of genetic variance in TNB and 1.44 % in varTNB. The most significant SNP for TNB was detected on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 11. A possible candidate gene for TNB is ENOX1, which is involved in cell growth and survival. On SSC7, two possible candidate genes for varTNB are located. The first gene is coding a swine heat shock protein 90 (HSPCB = Hsp90), which is a well-studied gene stabilizing morphological traits in Drosophila and Arabidopsis. The second gene is VEGFA, which is activated in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus. Furthermore, the genetic correlation between additive genetic effects on TNB and on its variation was 0.49. This indicates that the current selection to increase TNB will also increase the varTNB. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting SNPs associated with variation of a trait in pigs. Detected genomic regions associated with varTNB can be used in genomic selection to decrease varTNB, which is highly desirable to avoid very small or very large litters in pigs. However, the percentage of variance explained by those regions was small. The SNPs detected in this study can be used as indication for regions in the Sus scrofa genome involved in maintaining low variability of litter size, but further studies are needed to identify the causative loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sell-Kubiak
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Center, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands.
| | - N Duijvesteijn
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V, P.O. Box 43, 6640, Beuningen, AA, The Netherlands.
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V, P.O. Box 43, 6640, Beuningen, AA, The Netherlands.
| | - L L G Janss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - E F Knol
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V, P.O. Box 43, 6640, Beuningen, AA, The Netherlands.
| | - P Bijma
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Center, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands.
| | - H A Mulder
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Center, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands.
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22
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Schweitzer K, Pralow A, Naumann M. p97/VCP promotes Cullin-RING-ubiquitin-ligase/proteasome-dependent degradation of IκBα and the preceding liberation of RelA from ubiquitinated IκBα. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:58-70. [PMID: 26463447 PMCID: PMC4717852 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin‐RING‐ubiquitin‐ligase (CRL)‐dependent ubiquitination of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) inhibitor IκBα and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome usually precede NF‐κB/RelA nuclear activity. Through removal of the CRL‐activating modification of their cullin subunit with the ubiquitin (Ub)‐like modifier NEDD8, the COP9 signalosome (CSN) opposes CRL Ub‐ligase activity. While RelA phosphorylation was observed to mediate NF‐κB activation independent of Ub‐proteasome‐pathway (UPP)‐dependent turnover of IκBα in some studies, a strict requirement of the p97/VCP ATPase for both, IκBα degradation and NF‐κB activation, was reported in others. In this study, we thus aimed to reconcile the mechanism for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐induced NF‐κB activation. We found that inducible phosphorylation of RelA is accomplished in an IKK‐complex‐dependent manner within the NF‐κB/RelA‐IκBα‐complex contemporaneous with the phosphorylation of IκBα, and that RelA phosphorylation is not sufficient to dissociate NF‐κB/RelA from IκBα. Subsequent to CRL‐dependent IκBα ubiquitination functional p97/VCP is essentially required for efficient liberation of (phosphorylated) RelA from IκBα, preceding p97/VCP‐promoted timely and efficient degradation of IκBα as well as simultaneous NF‐κB/RelA nuclear translocation. Collectively, our data add new facets to the knowledge about maintenance of IκBα and RelA expression, likely depending on p97/VCP‐supported scheduled basal NF‐κB activity, and the mechanism of TNF‐induced NF‐κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schweitzer
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pralow
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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23
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Targeting Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases for drug discovery: structure, assembly and small-molecule modulation. Biochem J 2015; 467:365-86. [PMID: 25886174 PMCID: PMC4403949 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the ubiquitin–proteasome system has emerged as a valid target for the development of novel therapeutics. E3 ubiquitin ligases are particularly attractive targets because they confer substrate specificity on the ubiquitin system. CRLs [Cullin–RING (really interesting new gene) E3 ubiquitin ligases] draw particular attention, being the largest family of E3s. The CRLs assemble into functional multisubunit complexes using a repertoire of substrate receptors, adaptors, Cullin scaffolds and RING-box proteins. Drug discovery targeting CRLs is growing in importance due to mounting evidence pointing to significant roles of these enzymes in diverse biological processes and human diseases, including cancer, where CRLs and their substrates often function as tumour suppressors or oncogenes. In the present review, we provide an account of the assembly and structure of CRL complexes, and outline the current state of the field in terms of available knowledge of small-molecule inhibitors and modulators of CRL activity. A comprehensive overview of the reported crystal structures of CRL subunits, components and full-size complexes, alone or with bound small molecules and substrate peptides, is included. This information is providing increasing opportunities to aid the rational structure-based design of chemical probes and potential small-molecule therapeutics targeting CRLs.
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24
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Ibeawuchi SRC, Agbor LN, Quelle FW, Sigmund CD. Hypertension-causing Mutations in Cullin3 Protein Impair RhoA Protein Ubiquitination and Augment the Association with Substrate Adaptors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19208-17. [PMID: 26100637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin-Ring ubiquitin ligases regulate protein turnover by promoting the ubiquitination of substrate proteins, targeting them for proteasomal degradation. It has been shown previously that mutations in Cullin3 (Cul3) causing deletion of 57 amino acids encoded by exon 9 (Cul3Δ9) cause hypertension. Moreover, RhoA activity contributes to vascular constriction and hypertension. We show that ubiquitination and degradation of RhoA is dependent on Cul3 in HEK293T cells in which Cul3 expression is ablated by either siRNA or by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. The latter was used to generate a Cul3-null cell line (HEK293T(Cul3KO)). When expressed in these cells, Cul3Δ9 supported reduced ubiquitin ligase activity toward RhoA compared with equivalent levels of wild-type Cul3 (Cul3WT). Consistent with its reduced activity, binding of Cul3Δ9 to the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rbx1 and neddylation of Cul3Δ9 were impaired significantly compared with Cul3WT. Conversely, Cul3Δ9 bound to substrate adaptor proteins more efficiently than Cul3WT. Cul3Δ9 also forms unstable dimers with Cul3WT, disrupting dimers of Cul3WT complexes that are required for efficient ubiquitination of some substrates. Indeed, coexpression of Cul3WT and Cul3Δ9 in HEK293T(Cul3KO) cells resulted in a decrease in the active form of Cul3WT. We conclude that Cul3Δ9-associated ubiquitin ligase activity toward RhoA is impaired and suggest that Cul3Δ9 mutations may act dominantly by sequestering substrate adaptors and disrupting Cul3WT complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry N Agbor
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Frederick W Quelle
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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25
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Abidi N, Xirodimas DP. Regulation of cancer-related pathways by protein NEDDylation and strategies for the use of NEDD8 inhibitors in the clinic. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:T55-70. [PMID: 25504797 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules (UBLs) controls a vast if not every biological process in the cell. It is not surprising that deregulation in ubiquitin and UBL signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases and that these pathways are considered as major targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we summarise recent advances in our understanding of the role of the UBL neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-8 (NEDD8) in cancer-related processes and potential strategies for the use of NEDD8 inhibitors as chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Abidi
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie MacromoléculaireUMR5235, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Dimitris P Xirodimas
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie MacromoléculaireUMR5235, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
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26
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Abstract
Although technically a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) gene family, survivin has consistently defied assumptions, refuted predictions and challenged paradigms. Despite its more than 5500 citations currently in Medline, the biology of survivin has remained fascinatingly complex, its exploitation in human disease, most notably cancer, tantalizing, and its regulation of cellular homeostasis unexpectedly far-reaching. An inconvenient outsider that resists schemes and dogmas, survivin continues to hold great promise to unlock fundamental circuitries of cellular functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Altieri
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Li Z, Pei XH, Yan J, Yan F, Cappell KM, Whitehurst AW, Xiong Y. CUL9 mediates the functions of the 3M complex and ubiquitylates survivin to maintain genome integrity. Mol Cell 2014; 54:805-19. [PMID: 24793696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cullin 9 (CUL9) gene encodes a putative E3 ligase that localizes in the cytoplasm. Cul9 null mice develop spontaneous tumors in multiple organs; however, both the cellular and the molecular mechanisms of CUL9 in tumor suppression are currently unknown. We show here that deletion of Cul9 leads to abnormal nuclear morphology, increased DNA damage, and aneuploidy. CUL9 knockdown rescues the microtubule and mitosis defects in cells depleted for CUL7 or OBSL1, two genes that are mutated in a mutually exclusive manner in 3M growth retardation syndrome and function in microtubule dynamics. CUL9 promotes the ubiquitylation and degradation of survivin and is inhibited by CUL7. Depletion of CUL7 decreases survivin level, and overexpression of survivin rescues the defects caused by CUL7 depletion. We propose a 3M-CUL9-survivin pathway in maintaining microtubule and genome integrity, normal development, and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Kathryn M Cappell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Angelique W Whitehurst
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA; Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
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28
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Abstract
The RBR (RING-BetweenRING-RING) or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] E3 ubiquitin ligases comprise a group of 12 complex multidomain enzymes. This unique family of E3 ligases includes parkin, whose dysfunction is linked to the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease, and HOIP (HOIL-1-interacting protein) and HOIL-1 (haem-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1), members of the LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex). The RBR E3 ligases share common features with both the larger RING and HECT (homologous with E6-associated protein C-terminus) E3 ligase families, directly catalysing ubiquitin transfer from an intrinsic catalytic cysteine housed in the C-terminal domain, as well as recruiting thioester-bound E2 enzymes via a RING domain. Recent three-dimensional structures and biochemical findings of the RBRs have revealed novel protein domain folds not previously envisioned and some surprising modes of regulation that have raised many questions. This has required renaming two of the domains in the RBR E3 ligases to more accurately reflect their structures and functions: the C-terminal Rcat (required-for-catalysis) domain, essential for catalytic activity, and a central BRcat (benign-catalytic) domain that adopts the same fold as the Rcat, but lacks a catalytic cysteine residue and ubiquitination activity. The present review discusses how three-dimensional structures of RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) E3 ligases have provided new insights into our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of these important enzymes in ubiquitin biology.
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29
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Wang YL, Li Q, Xie J, Zhu M, Sun WJ, He L, Wang Q. Involvement of the single Cul4 gene of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in spermatogenesis. Gene 2013; 536:9-17. [PMID: 24334119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cullin-RING finger ligases (CRLs) are involved in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cell cycle regulators and play an important role in gametogenesis. Cullin 4 (CUL4) is a conserved core component of a new class of ubiquitin E3 ligase, and participates in the proteolysis of several regulatory proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The mammals encode two paralogs of CUL4, CUL4A and CUL4B, and the two Cul4 genes are functionally redundant. However, Drosophila or other metazoans only contain one Cul4 gene. Here we cloned the Cul4 gene and confirmed that there is only one protein of CUL4 in Eriocheir sinensis, a full length Cul4 comprised of 2777 nucleotides, an open-reading frame of 2373bp encoding 790 amino acid residues. The expression level of Cul4 mRNAs, as demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR, varied significantly during testis development, with the greatest transcript levels found at an early stage. Localization analysis using antibodies against CUL4A/4B in the reproductive system showed that EsCUL4 mainly distribute in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, and gradually reduced during the development and maturation of sperm. The results indicated that a single CUL4 protein may play a role in spermatogenesis in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Li Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Building and remodelling Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:1050-61. [PMID: 24232186 PMCID: PMC3849489 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2013.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) control a plethora of biological pathways through targeted ubiquitylation of signalling proteins. These modular assemblies use substrate receptor modules to recruit specific targets. Recent efforts have focused on understanding the mechanisms that control the activity state of CRLs through dynamic alterations in CRL architecture. Central to these processes are cycles of cullin neddylation and deneddylation, as well as exchange of substrate receptor modules to re-sculpt the CRL landscape, thereby responding to the cellular requirements to turn over distinct proteins in different contexts. This review is focused on how CRLs are dynamically controlled with an emphasis on how cullin neddylation cycles are integrated with receptor exchange.
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31
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Kelsall IR, Duda DM, Olszewski JL, Hofmann K, Knebel A, Langevin F, Wood N, Wightman M, Schulman BA, Alpi AF. TRIAD1 and HHARI bind to and are activated by distinct neddylated Cullin-RING ligase complexes. EMBO J 2013; 32:2848-60. [PMID: 24076655 PMCID: PMC3817463 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RING (Really Interesting New Gene)-in-between-RING (RBR) enzymes are a distinct class of E3 ubiquitin ligases possessing a cluster of three zinc-binding domains that cooperate to catalyse ubiquitin transfer. The regulation and biological function for most members of the RBR ligases is not known, and all RBR E3s characterized to date are auto-inhibited for in vitro ubiquitylation. Here, we show that TRIAD1 and HHARI, two members of the Ariadne subfamily ligases, associate with distinct neddylated Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) complexes. In comparison to the modest E3 ligase activity displayed by isolated TRIAD1 or HHARI, binding of the cognate neddylated CRL to TRIAD1 or HHARI greatly stimulates RBR ligase activity in vitro, as determined by auto-ubiquitylation, their ability to stimulate dissociation of a thioester-linked UBCH7∼ubiquitin intermediate, and reactivity with ubiquitin-vinyl methyl ester. Moreover, genetic evidence shows that RBR ligase activity impacts both the levels and activities of neddylated CRLs in vivo. Cumulatively, our work proposes a conserved mechanism of CRL-induced Ariadne RBR ligase activation and further suggests a reciprocal role of this special class of RBRs as regulators of distinct CRLs. Ubiquitin ligases of the distinct Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) and RING-between-RING (RBR) families physically and functionally interact, suggesting how RBR ligase auto-inhibition may be relieved in Ariadne-subfamily members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Kelsall
- 1] Scottish Institute for Cell Signalling, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK [2] Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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32
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Jazaeri AA, Shibata E, Park J, Bryant JL, Conaway MR, Modesitt SC, Smith PG, Milhollen MA, Berger AJ, Dutta A. Overcoming platinum resistance in preclinical models of ovarian cancer using the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1958-67. [PMID: 23939375 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The nearly ubiquitous development of chemoresistant disease remains a major obstacle against improving outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. In this investigation, we evaluated the preclinical activity of MLN4924, an investigational inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme, in ovarian cancer cells. Efficacy of MLN4924 both alone and in combination with platinum was assessed. Overall, single-agent MLN4924 exhibited moderate activity in ovarian cancer cell lines. However, the combination of MLN4924 with cisplatin or carboplatin produced synergistic effects in SKOV3 and ES2 cells, as well as in primary ovarian cancer cell lines established from high-grade serous, clear cell, and serous borderline ovarian tumors. The efficacy of cisplatin plus MLN4924 was also evident in several in vitro models of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Mechanistically, the combination of cisplatin and MLN4924 was not associated with DNA re-replication, altered platinum-DNA adduct formation, abrogation of FANCD2 monoubiquitination, or CHK1 phosphorylation. An siRNA screen was used to investigate the contribution of each member of the cullin RING ligase (CRL) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, the best-characterized downstream mediators of MLN4924's biologic effects. Cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity was augmented by depletion of CUL3, and antagonized by siCUL1 in both ES2 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. This investigation identifies inhibition of neddylation as a novel mechanism for overcoming platinum resistance in vitro, and provides a strong rationale for clinical investigations of platinum and MLN4924 combinations in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Jazaeri
- Corresponding Author: Amir A. Jazaeri, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Virginia Health System, Box 800712, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
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33
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Covalent NEDD8 conjugation increases RCAN1 protein stability and potentiates its inhibitory action on calcineurin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48315. [PMID: 23118980 PMCID: PMC3485183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to ubiquitin, regulatory roles for NEDD8 (neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 8) are being clarified during cell growth, signal transduction, immune response, and development. However, NEDD8 targets and their functional alterations are not well known. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1/DSCR1P1) is located near the Down syndrome critical region on the distal part of chromosome 21, and its gene product is an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin signaling. RCAN1 is modified by ubiquitin and consequently undergoes proteasomal degradation. Here we report that NEDD8 is conjugated to RCAN1 (RCAN1-1S) via three lysine residues, K96, K104, and K107. Neddylation enhances RCAN1 protein stability without affecting its cellular location. In addition, we found that neddylation significantly inhibits proteasomal degradation of RCAN1, which may underlie the ability of NEDD8 to enhance RCAN1 stability. Furthermore, neddylation increases RCAN1 binding to calcineurin, which potentiates its inhibitory activity toward downstream NFAT signaling. The present study provides a new regulatory mechanism of RCAN1 function and highlights an important role for diverse RCAN1-involved cellular physiology.
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von Zeska Kress MR, Harting R, Bayram Ö, Christmann M, Irmer H, Valerius O, Schinke J, Goldman GH, Braus GH. The COP9 signalosome counteracts the accumulation of cullin SCF ubiquitin E3 RING ligases during fungal development. Mol Microbiol 2012; 83:1162-77. [PMID: 22329854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.07999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the COP9 signalosome (CSN) impair multicellular development, including embryonic plant or animal death or a block in sexual development of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. CSN deneddylates cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), which are activated by covalent linkage to ubiquitin-like NEDD8. Deneddylation allows CRL disassembly for subsequent reassembly. An attractive hypothesis is a consecutive order of CRLs for development, which demands repeated cycles of neddylation and deneddylation for reassembling CRLs. Interruption of these cycles could explain developmental blocks caused by csn mutations. This predicts an accumulation of neddylated CRLs exhibiting developmental functions when CSN is dysfunctional. We tested this hypothesis in A. nidulans, which tolerates reduced levels of neddylation for growth. We show that only genes for CRL subunits or neddylation are essential, whereas CSN is primarily required for development. We used functional tagged NEDD8, recruiting all three fungal cullins. Cullins are associated with the CSN1/CsnA subunit when deneddylation is defective. Two CRLs were identified which are specifically involved in differentiation and accumulate during the developmental block. This suggests that an active CSN complex is required to counteract the accumulation of specific CRLs during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Regina von Zeska Kress
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Abstract
Identification of substrates for post-translational modification with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules is a key in our understanding of the role of this modification in the regulation of biological processes. The ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 plays a vital role in cell growth, viability, and development. In this -chapter, we describe a method for efficient isolation and detection of NEDDylated proteins in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Leidecker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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36
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Multiple degradation pathways regulate versatile CIP/KIP CDK inhibitors. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 22:33-41. [PMID: 22154077 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian CIP/KIP family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (CKIs) comprises three proteins--p21(Cip1/WAF1), p27(Kip1), and p57(Kip2)--that bind and inhibit cyclin-CDK complexes, which are key regulators of the cell cycle. CIP/KIP CKIs have additional independent functions in regulating transcription, apoptosis and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. These divergent functions are performed in distinct cellular compartments and contribute to the seemingly contradictory observation that the CKIs can both suppress and promote cancer. Multiple ubiquitin ligases (E3s) direct the proteasome-mediated degradation of p21, p27 and p57. This review analyzes recent data highlighting our current understanding of how distinct E3 pathways regulate subpopulations of the CKIs to control their diverse functions.
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37
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Liu J, Nussinov R. Flexible cullins in cullin-RING E3 ligases allosterically regulate ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40934-42. [PMID: 21937436 PMCID: PMC3220518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.277236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How do the cullins, with conserved structures, accommodate substrate-binding proteins with distinct shapes and sizes? Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases facilitate ubiquitin transfer from E2 to the substrate, tagging the substrate for degradation. They contain substrate-binding, adaptor, cullin, and Rbx proteins. Previously, we showed that substrate-binding and Rbx proteins are flexible. This allows shortening of the E2-substrate distance for initiation of ubiquitination or increasing the distance to accommodate the polyubiquitin chain. However, the role of the cullin remained unclear. Is cullin a rigid scaffold, or is it flexible and actively assists in the ubiquitin transfer reaction? Why are there different cullins, and how do these cullins specifically facilitate ubiquitination for different substrates? To answer these questions, we performed structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations based on Cul1, Cul4A, and Cul5 crystal structures. Our results show that these three cullins are not rigid scaffolds but are flexible with conserved hinges in the N-terminal domain. However, the degrees of flexibilities are distinct among the different cullins. Of interest, Cul1 flexibility can also be changed by deletion of the long loop (which is absent in Cul4A) in the N-terminal domain, suggesting that the loop may have an allosteric functional role. In all three cases, these conformational changes increase the E2-substrate distance to a specific range to facilitate polyubiquitination, suggesting that rather than being inert scaffold proteins, cullins allosterically regulate ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- From the Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Incorporated, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702 and
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- From the Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Incorporated, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702 and
- the Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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38
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Woo MG, Xue K, Liu J, McBride H, Tsang BK. Calpain-mediated processing of p53-associated parkin-like cytoplasmic protein (PARC) affects chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells by promoting p53 subcellular trafficking. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3963-75. [PMID: 22117079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cisplatin (CDDP)-based therapy is a major hurdle to the successful treatment of human ovarian cancer (OVCA), and the chemoresistant phenotype in OVCA cells is associated with Akt-attenuated p53-mediated apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic functions of p53 involve both transcription-dependent and -independent signaling pathways, and dysfunctional localization and/or inactivation of p53 contribute to the development of chemoresistance. PARC is a cytoplasmic protein regulating p53 subcellular localization and subsequent function. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating PARC. Although PARC contains putative caspase-3 cleavage sites, and CDDP is known to induce the activation of caspases and calpains and induce proteasomal degradation of anti-apoptotic proteins, if and how PARC is regulated by CDDP in OVCA are unknown. Here, we present evidence that CDDP promotes calpain-mediated PARC down-regulation, mitochondrial and nuclear p53 accumulation, and apoptosis in chemosensitive but not resistant OVCA cells. Inhibition of Akt is required to sensitize chemoresistant cells to CDDP in a p53-dependent manner, an effect enhanced by PARC down-regulation. CDDP-induced PARC down-regulation is reversible by inhibition of calpain but not of caspases or the 26 S proteasome. Furthermore, in vitro experiments confirm the ability of calpain in mediating Ca(2+)-dependent PARC down-regulation. The role of Ca(2+) in PARC down-regulation was further confirmed as ionomycin-induced PARC down-regulation in both chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. The data presented here implicate the regulation of p53 subcellular localization and apoptosis by PARC as a contributing factor in CDDP resistance in OVCA cells and Ca(2+)/calpain in PARC post-translational processing and chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Woo
- Reproductive Biology Unit and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada
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Lipkowitz S, Weissman AM. RINGs of good and evil: RING finger ubiquitin ligases at the crossroads of tumour suppression and oncogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2011; 11:629-43. [PMID: 21863050 PMCID: PMC3542975 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system has numerous crucial roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Fundamental to the specificity of this system are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). Of these, the majority are RING finger and RING finger-related E3s. Many RING finger E3s have roles in processes that are central to the maintenance of genomic integrity and cellular homeostasis, such as the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), the SKP1-cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) E3s, MDM2, BRCA1, Fanconi anaemia proteins, CBL proteins, von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor (VHL) and SIAH proteins. As a result, many RING finger E3s are implicated in either the suppression or the progression of cancer. This Review summarizes current knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Lipkowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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40
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Watson IR, Irwin MS, Ohh M. NEDD8 pathways in cancer, Sine Quibus Non. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:168-76. [PMID: 21316600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There are 17 known ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) from nine phylogenetically distinct classes (NEDD8, SUMO, ISG15, FUB1, FAT10, Atg8, Atg12, Urm1, and UFM1) that have been identified to conjugate to substrates in a manner analogous to ubiquitin. NEDD8 is one of the most studied UBLs and shares the highest amino acid similarity to ubiquitin. Here, we review the current knowledge of the NEDD8 conjugation cascade derived from functional studies in genetic model organisms, structural insights from crystallographic studies, biochemical studies identifying a growing list of NEDD8 substrates with oncogenic implications, and attempts to pharmacologically target the NEDD8 pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Watson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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41
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Huang G, Kaufman AJ, Ramanathan Y, Singh B. SCCRO (DCUN1D1) promotes nuclear translocation and assembly of the neddylation E3 complex. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10297-304. [PMID: 21247897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.203729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SCCRO/DCUN1D1/DCN1 (squamous cell carcinoma-related oncogene/defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 1/defective in cullin neddylation) serves as an accessory E3 in neddylation by binding to cullin and Ubc12 to allow efficient transfer of Nedd8. In this work we show that SCCRO has broader, pleiotropic effects that are essential for cullin neddylation in vivo. Reduced primary nuclear localization of Cul1 accompanying decreased neddylation and proliferation in SCCRO(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts led us to investigate whether compartmentalization plays a regulatory role. Decreased nuclear localization, neddylation, and defective proliferation in SCCRO(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts were rescued by transgenic expression of SCCRO. Expression of reciprocal SCCRO and Cul1-binding mutants confirmed the requirement for SCCRO in nuclear translocation and neddylation of cullins in vivo. Nuclear translocation of Cul1 by tagging with a nuclear localization sequence allowed neddylation independent of SCCRO, but at a lower level. We found that in the nucleus, SCCRO enhances recruitment of Ubc12 to Cul1 to promote neddylation. These findings suggest that SCCRO has an essential role in neddylation in vivo involving nuclear localization of neddylation components and recruitment and proper positioning of Ubc12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochang Huang
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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42
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Zimmerman ES, Schulman BA, Zheng N. Structural assembly of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2010; 20:714-21. [PMID: 20880695 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of multi-subunit E3 ligases in eukaryotes, which ubiquitinate protein substrates in numerous cellular pathways. CRLs share a common arched scaffold and a RING domain catalytic subunit, but use different adaptors and substrate receptors to assemble unique E3 machineries. In comparison to the first CRL structure, recent findings have revealed increased complexity in the overall architecture and assembly mode of CRLs, including multi-domain organization, inter-domain flexibility, and subunit dimerization. These features highlight the capacity of CRLs to catalyze protein ubiquitination under distinct cellular contexts and in response to diverse signals. As the first installment of a two-review series, this article will focus on recent advances in our understanding of CRL assembly mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmacology, Box 357280, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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43
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Kim SH, Kim HJ, Kim S, Yim J. Drosophila Cand1 regulates Cullin3-dependent E3 ligases by affecting the neddylation of Cullin3 and by controlling the stability of Cullin3 and adaptor protein. Dev Biol 2010; 346:247-57. [PMID: 20691177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), which comprise the largest class of E3 ligases, regulate diverse cellular processes by targeting numerous proteins. Conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 with Cullin activates CRLs. Cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 (Cand1) is known to negatively regulate CRL activity by sequestering unneddylated Cullin1 (Cul1) in biochemical studies. However, genetic studies of Arabidopsis have shown that Cand1 is required for optimal CRL activity. To elucidate the regulation of CRLs by Cand1, we analyzed a Cand1 mutant in Drosophila. Loss of Cand1 causes accumulation of neddylated Cullin3 (Cul3) and stabilizes the Cul3 adaptor protein HIB. In addition, the Cand1 mutation stimulates protein degradation of Cubitus interruptus (Ci), suggesting that Cul3-RING ligase activity is enhanced by the loss of Cand1. However, the loss of Cand1 fails to repress the accumulation of Ci in Nedd8(AN015) or CSN5(null) mutant clones. Although Cand1 is able to bind both Cul1 and Cul3, mutation of Cand1 suppresses only the accumulation of Cul3 induced by the dAPP-BP1 mutation defective in the neddylation pathway, and this effect is attenuated by inhibition of proteasome function. Furthermore, overexpression of Cand1 stabilizes the Cul3 protein when the neddylation pathway is partially suppressed. These data indicate that Cand1 stabilizes unneddylated Cul3 by preventing proteasomal degradation. Here, we propose that binding of Cand1 to unneddylated Cul3 causes a shift in the equilibrium away from the neddylation of Cul3 that is required for the degradation of substrate by CRLs, and protects unneddylated Cul3 from proteasomal degradation. Cand1 regulates Cul3-mediated E3 ligase activity not only by acting on the neddylation of Cul3, but also by controlling the stability of the adaptor protein and unneddylated Cul3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Kim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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44
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Zhang Y, Wen Z, Washburn MP, Florens L. Refinements to label free proteome quantitation: how to deal with peptides shared by multiple proteins. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2272-81. [PMID: 20166708 DOI: 10.1021/ac9023999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative shotgun proteomics is dependent on the detection, identification, and quantitative analysis of peptides. An issue arises with peptides that are shared between multiple proteins. What protein did they originate from and how should these shared peptides be used in a quantitative proteomics workflow? To systematically evaluate shared peptides in label-free quantitative proteomics, we devised a well-defined protein sample consisting of known concentrations of six albumins from different species, which we added to a highly complex yeast lysate. We used the spectral counts based normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) as the starting point for our analysis and compared an exhaustive list of possible combinations of parameters to determine what was the optimal approach for dealing with shared peptides and shared spectral counts. We showed that distributing shared spectral counts based on the number of unique spectral counts led to the most accurate and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
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45
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Deshaies RJ, Emberley ED, Saha A. Control of cullin-ring ubiquitin ligase activity by nedd8. Subcell Biochem 2010; 54:41-56. [PMID: 21222272 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6676-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) family, which may number as many as 350 different enzymes, has an enormous impact on cellular regulation. CRL enzymes regulate cell biology by conjugating ubiquitin onto target proteins that are involved in a multitude of processes. In most cases this leads to degradation of the target, but in some cases CRL-dependent ubiquitination acts as a switch to activate or repress target function. The ubiquitin ligase activity of CRLs is controlled by cycles of attachment and removal of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8. Conjugation of Nedd8 onto the cullin subunit of CRLs promotes assembly of an intact CRL complex and switches on ubiquitin ligase activity. Conversely, removal of Nedd8 switches off ubiquitin ligase activity and initiates CRL disassembly. Continuous maintenance of CRL function in vivo requires the activities of both the Nedd8-conjugating and deconjugating enzymes, pointing to a critical role of complex dynamics in CRL function. Here, we review how the Nedd8 cycle controls CRL activity and how perturbations of this cycle can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Deshaies
- Division of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA,
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46
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Skaar JR, Pagano M. Control of cell growth by the SCF and APC/C ubiquitin ligases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 21:816-24. [PMID: 19775879 PMCID: PMC2805079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays key roles in the control of cell growth. The cell cycle, in particular, is highly regulated by the functions of the SCF and APC/C ubiquitin ligases, and perturbation of their function can result in tumorigenesis. Although the SCF and APC/C complexes are well established in growth control pathways, many aspects of their function remain unknown. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanism of SCF-mediated ubiquitination and new functions for the SCF complex and APC/C. Our expanding understanding of the roles of the SCF and APC/C complexes highlight the potential for targeted molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Skaar
- Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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47
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Skaar JR, Richard DJ, Saraf A, Toschi A, Bolderson E, Florens L, Washburn MP, Khanna KK, Pagano M. INTS3 controls the hSSB1-mediated DNA damage response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 187:25-32. [PMID: 19786574 PMCID: PMC2762097 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200907026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MISE is identified as a component of the Integrator complex required for DNA repair. Human SSB1 (single-stranded binding protein 1 [hSSB1]) was recently identified as a part of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway. To investigate hSSB1 function, we performed tandem affinity purifications of hSSB1 mutants mimicking the unphosphorylated and ATM-phosphorylated states. Both hSSB1 mutants copurified a subset of Integrator complex subunits and the uncharacterized protein LOC58493/c9orf80 (henceforth minute INTS3/hSSB-associated element [MISE]). The INTS3–MISE–hSSB1 complex plays a key role in ATM activation and RAD51 recruitment to DNA damage foci during the response to genotoxic stresses. These effects on the DNA damage response are caused by the control of hSSB1 transcription via INTS3, demonstrating a new network controlling hSSB1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Skaar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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48
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Cheng J, DeCaprio JA, Fluck MM, Schaffhausen BS. Cellular transformation by Simian Virus 40 and Murine Polyoma Virus T antigens. Semin Cancer Biol 2009; 19:218-28. [PMID: 19505649 PMCID: PMC2694755 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simian Virus 40 (SV40) and Mouse Polyoma Virus (PY) are small DNA tumor viruses that have been used extensively to study cellular transformation. The SV40 early region encodes three tumor antigens, large T (LT), small T (ST) and 17KT that contribute to cellular transformation. While PY also encodes LT and ST, the unique middle T (MT) generates most of the transforming activity. SV40 LT mediated transformation requires binding to the tumor suppressor proteins Rb and p53 in the nucleus and ST binding to the protein phosphatase PP2A in the cytoplasm. SV40 LT also binds to several additional cellular proteins including p300, CBP, Cul7, IRS1, Bub1, Nbs1 and Fbxw7 that contribute to viral transformation. PY MT transformation is dependent on binding to PP2A and the Src family protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and assembly of a signaling complex on cell membranes that leads to transformation in a manner similar to Her2/neu. Phosphorylation of MT tyrosine residues activates key signaling molecules including Shc/Grb2, PI3K and PLCgamma1. The unique contributions of SV40 LT and ST and PY MT to cellular transformation have provided significant insights into our understanding of tumor suppressors, oncogenes and the process of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michele M. Fluck
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Sarikas A, Xu X, Field LJ, Pan ZQ. The cullin7 E3 ubiquitin ligase: a novel player in growth control. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3154-61. [PMID: 18927510 PMCID: PMC2637179 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.20.6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin7 (CUL7) is a molecular scaffold that organizes an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing the F-box protein Fbw8, Skp1 and the ROC1 RING finger protein. Dysregulation of the CUL7 E3 Ligase has been directly linked to hereditary human diseases as cul7 germline mutations were found in patients with autosomal-recessive 3-M and Yakuts short stature syndromes, which are characterized by profound pre- and postnatal growth retardation. In addition, genetic ablation of CUL7 in mice resulted in intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal lethality, underscoring its importance for growth regulation. The recent identification of insulin receptor substrate 1, a critical mediator of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling, as the proteolytic target of the CUL7 E3 ligase, provided a molecular link between CUL7 and a well-established growth regulatory pathway. This result, coupled with other studies demonstrating interactions between CUL7 and the p53 tumor suppressor protein, as well as the simian virus 40 large T antigen oncoprotein, further implicated CUL7 as a novel player in growth control and suggested pathomechanistic insights into CUL7-linked growth retardation syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sarikas
- Department of Oncological Sciences; The Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, New York USA
| | - Xinsong Xu
- Department of Oncological Sciences; The Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, New York USA
| | - Loren J. Field
- Indiana University School of Medicine; Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology; Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Zhen-Qiang Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences; The Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, New York USA
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50
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Function and regulation of protein neddylation. 'Protein modifications: beyond the usual suspects' review series. EMBO Rep 2008; 9:969-76. [PMID: 18802447 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2008.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neddylation is the post-translational protein modification that is most closely related to ubiquitination. However, ubiquitination is known to regulate a myriad of processes in eukaryotic cells, whereas only a limited number of neddylation substrates have been described to date. Here, we review the principles of protein neddylation and highlight the mechanisms that ensure the specificity of neddylation over ubiquitination. As numerous neddylation substrates probably remain to be discovered, we propose some criteria that could be used as guidelines for the characterization of neddylated proteins.
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