1
|
Tamraz M, Al Ghossaini N, Temraz S. The Role of Wheatgrass in Colorectal Cancer: A Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5166. [PMID: 38791211 PMCID: PMC11121291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of colon cancer is either genetic in nature or results from inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; nevertheless, dietary habits play a crucial role in the disease. Wheatgrass is a dietary supplement that is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants which contribute to health promotion in cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, blood diseases, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as in several types of cancers, such as oral squamous cell cancer, cervical cancer, and breast cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the prospect that wheatgrass possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, and its use as an adjunctive therapy, have been minimally investigated and evidence is still limited. In this review, we compiled the available evidence pertaining to wheatgrass and its likely impact on CRC, described the pathways of inflammation in which wheatgrass could possibly play a role, and identified future research needs on the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magie Tamraz
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. BOX 446, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon;
| | - Najib Al Ghossaini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Wazein Medical Village, Chouf P.O. Box 1503-210/02, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon;
| | - Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology/Hematology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin HH, Wu YS, Chang MT, Shyur LF, Lin YL. Plant-derived galactolipids enhance specific antibody production and induce class-switch as vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine 2024; 42:782-794. [PMID: 38199923 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Various plant-derived compounds can activate immune responses against bacterial infections, and this property contributes to them being developed as effective and safe adjuvants for vaccines. This study evaluated the potential adjuvant effects of a galactolipid-enriched fraction generated from the medicinal plant Crassocephalum rabens (designated CRA). Heat shock protein 60 of periodontal disease pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AaHSP60) was taken as an antigen and mixed with CRA. The AaHSP60/CRA mixture was then injected intraperitoneally into the BALB/c mice. Titers and affinity of specific antibodies were measured by ELISA. Cytokine profiles in mouse serum or culture media of AaHSP60/CRA-treated splenocytes were analyzed by cytokine multiplex assay and ELISA kits. B cell differentiation and macrophage activation were determined by phenotyping. CRA dramatically enhanced specific antibody titers and induced Ig class switch, as shown by increases in the IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 proportions of total Ig in mouse serum. Furthermore, CRA-induced anti-AaHSP60 antibodies had cross-reactivity to other bacterial HSP60s. Cell-based and animal results demonstrated that CRA induced the release of IL-21 and B cell activating factor (BAFF), which stimulated B cell differentiation. CRA enhanced cell proliferation, uptake ability, and antigen presentation in mouse phagocytes. CRA served as a vaccine adjuvant that enhance mouse immunity against pathogenic antigens. CRA strengthened the activation and capabilities of phagocytes and B cells. Therefore, CRA may be a promising adjuvant for bacterial vaccines including periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Huei Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Wu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pirker T, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Bampali E, Bochkov V, Bauer R. Glycolipid-enriched fraction of Osmanthus fragrans inhibits LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes, COX-2, E-selectin, and Interleukin-8. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116328. [PMID: 36870464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a small ornamental tree native to the Southeastern parts of China. It is mainly cultivated because of its characteristic fragrance, and used in the food and perfume industry. Besides, its flowers are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases including those related to inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to investigate in more detail the anti-inflammatory properties of O. fragrans flowers, and to characterize their active principles and mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS O. fragrans flowers were successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The extracts were further fractionated by chromatographic separation. COX-2 mRNA expression in PMA-differentiated, LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells was used as lead assay for activity-guided fractionation. The most potent fraction was chemically analyzed by LC-HRMS. The pharmacological activity was also evaluated in other inflammation-related in-vitro models, such as analysis of IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression in HUVECtert cells and selective inhibition of COX-isoenzymes. RESULTS n-Hexane and dichloromethane extracts of O. fragrans flowers significantly inhibited COX-2 (PTGS2) mRNA expression. Additionally, both extracts inhibited COX-2 enzyme activity, whereas COX-1 enzyme activity was affected to a significantly lower extent. Fractionation of the extracts led to a highly active, glycolipid-containing fraction. In total, 10 glycolipids were tentatively annotated by LC-HRMS. This fraction also inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression. The effects were limited to LPS-induced inflammation and not observed when inflammatory genes were induced by TNF-α, IL-1β or FSL-1. Since all these inducers of inflammation act via different receptors, it is likely that the fraction interferes with the binding of LPS to the TLR4-receptor, which mediates pro-inflammatory effects of LPS. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential of O. fragrans flower extracts in general, and of the glycolipid-enriched fraction in particular. The effects of glycolipid-enriched fraction are potentially mediated via the inhibition of the TLR4 receptor complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pirker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evangelia Bampali
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 46/III, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jardim T, Domingues MRM, Alves E. An overview on lipids in nuts and oily fruits: oil content, lipid composition, health effects, lipidomic fingerprinting and new biotechnological applications of their by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37178132 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2208666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and oily fruits are used as a diet complement and are highly consumed worldwide. The production and consumption of these foods have been increasing, and an enormous global market value is forecasted for 2023. Besides their high nutritional value and lipid content, they provide health benefits to fat metabolism, heart, skin, and brain. The industrial by-products of these oily foods represent promising raw materials for many industries. However, the lipidomic analysis of nuts and oily fruits is still in its early stages. State-of-the-art analytical approaches for the lipid profiling and fingerprinting of nuts and oily fruits have been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry for the accurate identification and structural characterization at the molecular species level. It is expected to bring a new understanding of these everyday foods' nutritional and functional value. This review comprises the oil content and lipid composition of various nuts and oily fruits, particularly those mostly consumed worldwide and having recognized beneficial health effects, biological activities associated with the lipids from different oily foodstuffs, analytical methodologies to analyze lipids in nuts and oily fruits, and the potential biotechnological applications of their industrial by-products for a lipid-based commercial valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Jardim
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin HH, Wu YS, Jian TY, Liao JY, Chang MT, Shyur LF, Lin YL. Phytogalactolipids activate humoral immunity against colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:95. [PMID: 37081540 PMCID: PMC10120243 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer in the world, and its incidence is steadily rising. In this study, we investigated the induction of humoral immunity by a phytogalactolipid enriched fraction (CRA) derived from the medicinal plant Crassocephalum rabens (Benth.) S. Moore to combat CRC. METHODS Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were used to evaluate CRA's therapeutic effects in CRC. The phenotypes of B cell subsets in splenocytes and tumors from the CRA-treated mice were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. The titers, isotypes, specificity, antigen recognition, and cytotoxic activity of CRA-induced anti-tumor antibodies were determined. The mechanisms of CRA on B cell differentiation were determined by cell-based analyses, including co-cultural with T cells, cytokine analysis, gene expression by qPCR, and protein expression by western blotting. RESULTS CRA efficiently inhibited tumor growth in colorectal tumor-bearing allograft mice. CRA treatment attracted an abundance of B cells into the tumor consequently enhancing the anti-tumor antibodies in sera and inducing a class-switch. CRA-induced antisera (designated CRA antisera) specifically recognized surface antigens on the plasma membrane of cancer cells. CRA antisera induced cytotoxicity including antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. CRA interacted with IL-6 receptor to activate STAT3 and cMaf, resulting in T cell secretion of IL-21, which, in turn induced B cell differentiation through the IL-21R/STAT3/Blimp-1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS CRA regulated T cell activity resulting in B cell activation and triggering of anti-tumor antibodies to impede CRC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Huei Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Wu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yan Jian
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yun Liao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cuevas-Cianca SI, Romero-Castillo C, Gálvez-Romero JL, Juárez ZN, Hernández LR. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Edible Plants with Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Potential Use as Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031488. [PMID: 36771154 PMCID: PMC9920972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Food is our daily companion, performing numerous beneficial functions for our bodies. Many of them can help to alleviate or prevent ailments and diseases. In this review, an extensive bibliographic search is conducted in various databases to update information on unprocessed foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can aid in treating diseases such as cancer. The current state of knowledge on inflammatory processes involving some interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is reviewed. As well as unprocessed foods, which may help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are important factors in cancer development. Many studies are still needed to take full advantage of the food products we use daily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Isabel Cuevas-Cianca
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico
| | - Cristian Romero-Castillo
- Biotechnology Faculty, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
- Chemistry Area, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - José Luis Gálvez-Romero
- ISSTE Puebla Hospital Regional, Boulevard 14 Sur 4336, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Zaida Nelly Juárez
- Chemistry Area, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Z.N.J.); (L.R.H.)
| | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Z.N.J.); (L.R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Structural Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Digalactosyldiacylglycerol-Monoestolide, a Characteristic Glycolipid in Oats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194153. [PMID: 36235807 PMCID: PMC9570764 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Digalactosyldiacylglycerol- (DGDG-) monoestolide is a characteristic glycolipid in oats. DGDG-monoestolides possess a unique structure whereby a fatty acid of DGDG is replaced by a fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA). While the physiological effects of DGDG and FAHFA have been reported previously, the effects of DGDG-monoestolides are unknown. Hence, we isolated a major DGDG-monoestolide molecular species from oats, analyzed its structure, and evaluated its anti-inflammatory effect. Based on GC-MS, MS/MS, and NMR analyses, the isolated compound was identified as a DGDG-monoestolide that contains the linoleic acid ester of 15-hydroxy linoleic acid (LAHLA) and linoleic acid (i.e., DGDG-LAHLA). The isolated DGDG-LAHLA was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264 cells. The production of nitric oxide and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) were significantly decreased by DGDG-LAHLA, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of DGDG-LAHLA for the first time. In addition, our data showed a pronounced uptake of DGDG-LAHLA by cells. Some compounds corresponding to the predicted DGDG-LAHLA metabolites were also detected, suggesting that both intact DGDG-LAHLA and its metabolites may contribute to the above anti-inflammatory activities. These results are expected to expand the availability of oats as a functional food.
Collapse
|
8
|
Enzymatic structural modification of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols for potential modulation of hydrophile-lipophile balance. Food Chem 2022; 385:132705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Adedeji-Badmus AN, Schramm S, Gigl M, Iwebema W, Albertos P, Dawid C, Sieberer T, Poppenberger B. Species-Specific Variation in Abscisic Acid Homeostasis and Responses Impacts Important Traits in Crassocephalum Orphan Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923421. [PMID: 35903235 PMCID: PMC9318166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crassocephalum rubens and Crassocephalum crepidioides are plant species native to Africa, but grow in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, and essential oils and are traditional leafy vegetables and medicinal plants in Sub-Saharan Africa. The plants are still mainly collected from the wild but shall be taken into cultivation and an important aim in the domestication of these species is to improve traits that are relevant for crop production. Here, seed formation and germination capacities in C. crepidioides and C. rubens were investigated, and it was found that C. crepidioides exhibits a higher level of seed dormancy, which could be broken with light, and was correlated with higher amounts of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone that promotes seed dormancy. ABA is also very well-known for its role in abiotic stress tolerance, and it is shown that tetraploid C. crepidioides exhibits a higher level of resistance against drought and heat stress than diploid C. rubens, traits that will benefit the cultivation of these plants, particularly in rain-fed cropping systems. The potential of Crassocephalum to improve nutrition and increase the resilience of marginal cropping systems in Africa is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adebimpe N. Adedeji-Badmus
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schramm
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Williams Iwebema
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Pablo Albertos
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Sieberer
- Research Group Plant Growth Regulation, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuan CM, Liang CH, Chuang WH, Lin TY, Hsu PK. Ameliorating Effect of Crassocephalum rabens (Asteraceae) Extract on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Parallel, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132655. [PMID: 35807836 PMCID: PMC9268076 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crassocephalum rabens (Asteraceae) is a common herb used in Taiwanese folk medicine to treat inflammation-related syndromes. Pharmacological studies have revealed that galactolipids exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyaluronidase activities and improve skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity in healthy subjects. However, the anti-aging effects of C. rabens and its primary active compound, 1,2-di-O-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG), remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether C. rabens can improve skin conditions in healthy individuals using a double-blind approach. Forty enrolled volunteers were randomly and equally assigned to the control or treatment group and were required to take either a placebo or a C. rabens extract capsule daily for one month. Skin parameters were measured before and after the study. The results showed significant differences in skin elasticity, wrinkles, collagen content, brightness, and hydration between the baseline and week 4 in the treatment group. Particularly, compared with those in the placebo group, skin wrinkles (p < 0.05), brightness (p < 0.001), collagen content (p < 0.01), and UV spots (p < 0.05) were notably improved after treatment with the C. rabens extract. Our study successfully demonstrated the application of C. rabens in preventing skin aging. Further investigations will be conducted to study the underlying anti-aging mechanism of dLGG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Meng Kuan
- Department of Research and Development, Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City 40768, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (T.-Y.L.); (P.-K.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City 71710, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hsiu Chuang
- Department of Research and Development, Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City 40768, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (T.-Y.L.); (P.-K.H.)
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Research and Development, Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City 40768, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (T.-Y.L.); (P.-K.H.)
| | - Pang-Kuei Hsu
- Department of Research and Development, Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City 40768, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (T.-Y.L.); (P.-K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsu PK, Tsai YT, Lin YC, Kuan CM. Assessment of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Crassocephalum rabens (Asteraceae) in rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:58-63. [PMID: 35004182 PMCID: PMC8717411 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This pioneering study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Crassocephalum rabens (Asteraceae) in rats. C. rabens is a common vegetable and herb for treating inflammation-related syndromes in Taiwan. Pharmacological studies have unveiled that the extracts of C. rabens have potential to become hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, or anti-cancer agents. The toxicological effects of the aerial parts of C. rabens in rodents are still elusive. For the acute toxicity study, rats were administrated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) and observed for 14 days in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline No. 420. For the sub-acute toxicity study, animals were orally treated with daily doses of 0, 416.7, 833.3, and 1,666.7 mg/kg BW for 28 days based on the OECD guideline No. 407. The toxicity of the repeated dose was observed with anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical parameters as well as histology. The mortality and critical pathological and biochemical abnormalities were not observed in the acute and/or sub-acute toxicity studies. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg BW. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) in male and female rats was greater than 1,666.7 mg/kg BW. As such, the extract of the aerial parts of C. rabens is considered a non-toxic substance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Kuei Hsu
- Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City, 42881, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ting Tsai
- Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City, 42881, Taiwan.,Testing Center, Super Laboratory Inc., New Taipei City, 24890, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Meng Kuan
- Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City, 42881, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lyu J, Gao R, Guo Z. Galactosyldiacylglycerols: From a Photosynthesis-Associated Apparatus to Structure-Defined In Vitro Assembling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8910-8928. [PMID: 33793221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Being ubiquitously present in plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria and as the major constituents of thylakoid membranes, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) make up approximately 52 and 26%, respectively, of chloroplast lipids. Thylakoid membranes harbor the photosynthetic complexes and numerous essential biochemical pathways where MGDG and DGDG play a central role in facilitating photosynthesis light reaction, maintaining chloroplast morphology, and responding to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, these galactolipids are also bioactive compounds with antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory activities and important nutritional value. These characteristics are strictly dependent upon their fatty acyl chain length, olefinic nature, and stereoconfiguration. However, their application potentials are practically untapped, largely as a result of the fact that their availability in large quantity and high purity (structured galactolipids) is challenging. In addition to laborious extraction from natural sources, in vitro assembling of these molecules could be a promising alternative. Thus, this review updates the latest advances in elucidating biosynthesis paths of MGDG and DGDG and related enzyme systems, which present invaluable inspiration to design approaches for a retrosynthesis of galactolipids. More critically, this work summarizes recent developments in the biological and enzymatic syntheses of galactolipids, especially the strategic scenarios for the construction of in vitro enzymatic and/or chemoenzymatic synthesis routes. Protein engineering of enzymes involved in the synthesis of MGDG and DGDG to improve their properties is highlighted, and the applications of galactolipids in foods and medicine are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Lyu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phytogalactolipid dLGG Inhibits Mouse Melanoma Brain Metastasis through Regulating Oxylipin Activity and Re-Programming Macrophage Polarity in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164120. [PMID: 34439274 PMCID: PMC8391228 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic brain melanoma is a common metastatic cancer with a high mortality rate. Current clinical regimens use the anti-angiogenesis drug bevacizumab (Avastin) and/or Lipo-DOX, a drug capable penetrating the blood–brain barrier; however, both commonly result in adverse side effects and limited treatment results. This study provides evidence to support the function of a phyto-glyceroglycolipid, 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG) in inhibiting melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) in mice through reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and interacting with melanoma cells and macrophages. The novel function of oxylipin 9,10-EpOMEs + 12,13-EpOMEs in preventing melanoma cell invasion and microglia/macrophage distribution and polarization in the tumor microenvironment is presented. The novel anti-melanoma function and underlying molecular mechanism of dLGG proposed herein can be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy to combat MBM. Abstract Current conventional cancer therapies for melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) remain ineffective. In this study, we demonstrated the bioefficacy of a phyto-glyceroglycolipid, 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG) alone, or in combination with liposomal doxorubicin (Lip-DOX) or Avastin against MBM in a syngeneic B16BM4COX−2/Luc brain-seeking melanoma mouse model. Treatment with dLGG–10, dLGG–25, dLGG–10 + Avastin–5, Lipo-DOX–2, dLGG–10 + Lipo-DOX–2 or Lipo-DOX–2 + Avastin–5 suppressed, respectively, 17.9%, 59.1%, 55.7%, 16.2%, 44.5% and 72.4% of MBM in mice relative to the untreated tumor control. Metastatic PD-L1+ melanoma cells, infiltration of M2-like macrophages and CD31+ endothelial cells, and high expression levels of 15-LOX/CYP450 4A enzymes in the brain tumor microenvironment of the tumor control mice were significantly attenuated in dLGG-treated mice; conversely, M1-like resident microglia and cytotoxic T cells were increased. A lipidomics study showed that dLGG promoted B16BM4 cells to secrete oxylipins 9,10-/12,13-EpOMEs into the culture medium. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of B16BM4 cells pretreated with dLGG or 9,10-EpOMEs + 12,13-EpOMEs drove M2-like macrophages to polarize into M1-like macrophages in vitro. An ex vivo 3D-culture assay further demonstrated that dLGG, 9,10-EpOME or 9,10-EpOME + 12,13-EpOME pretreatment attenuated B16BM4 cells invading brain tissue, and prevented microglia/macrophages infiltrating into the interface of melanoma plug and brain organ/tissue. In summary, this report provides a novel therapeutic strategy and mechanistic insights into phytogalactolipid dLGG for combating MBM.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei-Cai S, Xiao-Fan L, Wang S, Rui-Qing Z, Chao S, Zhang YJ. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore. (Asteraceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:1834-1836. [PMID: 34124360 PMCID: PMC8183548 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1934165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Crassocephalum crepidioides was sequenced and assembled for the first time. In this study, the total genome size is 150,596 bp in length and demonstrates a typical quadripartite structure containing a large single copy (LSC, 82,575 bp) and a small single copy (SSC, 18,293 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRa, IRb) of 24,864 bp. The G + C content of this cp genome was 37.21%. Gene annotation analysis identified 130 genes including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis result showed that C. crepidioides was closely related to Nannoglottis ravida in the phylogenetic relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wei-Cai
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Xiao-Fan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhang Rui-Qing
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Chao
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hossain MM, Tovar J, Cloetens L, Florido MTS, Petersson K, Prothon F, Nilsson A. Oat Polar Lipids Improve Cardiometabolic-Related Markers after Breakfast and a Subsequent Standardized Lunch: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Young Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030988. [PMID: 33803802 PMCID: PMC8003140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that intake of polar lipids may beneficially modulate various metabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat polar lipids on postprandial and second meal glycemic regulation, blood lipids, gastrointestinal hormones, and subjective appetite-related variables in healthy humans. In a randomized design, twenty healthy subjects ingested four liquid cereal-based test beverages (42 g of available carbohydrates) containing: i. 30 g of oat oil with a low concentration (4%) of polar lipids (PLL), ii. 30 g of oat oil containing a high concentration (40%) of polar lipids (PLH), iii. 30 g of rapeseed oil (RSO), and iv. no added lipids (NL). The products were served as breakfast meals followed by a standardized lunch. Test variables were measured at fasting and during 3 h after breakfast and two additional hours following a standardized lunch. PLH reduced glucose and insulin responses after breakfast (0-120 min) compared to RSO, and after lunch (210-330 min) compared to RSO and PLL (p < 0.05). Compared to RSO, PLH resulted in increased concentrations of the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY after the standardized lunch (p < 0.05). The results suggest that oat polar lipids have potential nutraceutical properties by modulating acute and second meal postprandial metabolic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukul Hossain
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-95-34
| | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (M.T.S.F.)
| | - Maria T. Soria Florido
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (M.T.S.F.)
| | | | | | - Anne Nilsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abedin MR, Barua S. Isolation and purification of glycoglycerolipids to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1298. [PMID: 33446783 PMCID: PMC7809038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the most abundant type of glycoglycerolipid found in the plant cell membrane and mostly in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The amphiphilic nature of MGDG is attractive in pharmaceutical fields for interaction with other biological molecules and hence exerting therapeutic anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of cyanobacteria derived MGDG to inhibit breast cancer cell growth. MGDG was extracted from a cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 followed by a subsequent fractionation by column chromatographic technique. The purity and molecular structure of MGDG were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The presence of MGDG in the extracted fraction was further confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-proliferation activity of the extracted MGDG molecule was tested against BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The in vitro study showed that MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 induced apoptosis in (70 ± 8) % of BT-474 (p < 0.001) and (58 ± 5) % of MDA-MB-231 cells (p < 0.001) using ~ 60 and 200 ng/ml of concentrations, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 of MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were (27.2 ± 7.6) and (150 ± 70) ng/ml in BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Quantification of caspase-3/7 activity using flow cytometry showed (3.0 ± 0.4) and (2.1 ± 0.04)-fold (p < 0.001) higher protein expressions in the MGDG treated BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively than untreated controls conferring to the caspase-dependent apoptosis. The MGDG did not show any significant cytotoxic side effects in human dermal fibroblasts cells. A commercially available MGDG control did not induce any apoptotic cell death in cancer cells substantiating the potential of the MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the treatment of breast cancer cells through the apoptosis-mediated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raisul Abedin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO, 65409-1230, USA
| | - Sutapa Barua
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO, 65409-1230, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee SJ, Song Y, Chung MY, Kim IH, Kim BH. Isolation and compositional analysis of galactoglycerolipids from perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton] leaves and comparison to the galactoglycerolipids from spinach and parsley. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4271-4280. [PMID: 33174278 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) from perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton] and to investigate their fatty acid profiles. Perilla displayed the greatest total MGDG and DGDG content among the three types of leaf vegetables tested, that is, spinach, parsley, and perilla, containing 0.16 g/100 g MGDG and 0.04 g/100 g DGDG (on wet weight basis). High purity MGDG (approximately 97 g/100 g) and DGDG (approximately 86 g/100 g) were isolated from perilla chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) extracts by two-step silica gel column chromatography. MGDGs were primarily composed of 18:3n-3 and 16:3n-3, predominantly located at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. In DGDG, 18:3n-3 and 16:0 were the most abundant fatty acids and were primarily found at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: MGDGs and DGDGs are the most prevalent forms of galactoglycerolipids found in leaf vegetables including perilla and have been shown to exert health-beneficial effects, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and appetite-suppressing activities. Both MGDGs and DGDGs possess emulsifying properties. The present study may help better understand the health-beneficial effects of MGDG and DGDG from perilla, by providing total composition and positional distribution of the fatty acids. The present study also successfully established a protocol to isolate high purity MGDG and DGDG from perilla, thereby increasing their possible use as an ingredient in foods and nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jeong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Yejin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonbuk, 55365, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Modulation of Blood Coagulation and Hematological Parameters by Crassocephalum crepidioides Leaf Methanol Extract and Fractions in STZ-Induced Diabetes in the Rat. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:1036364. [PMID: 32508536 PMCID: PMC7245657 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1036364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects the homeostasis of the circulatory system. Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore (Asteraceae) is an edible plant locally used in the treatment of wounds, stomach ulcer, and skin-related conditions in Africa and some other parts of the world. This study investigated the effects of C. crepidioides leaf methanol extract and fractions on blood coagulation profile of diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of 100 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract and partitioned fractions of C. crepidioides on blood coagulation profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats were initially evaluated, while graded concentrations (50–200 mg/kg body weight) of the aqueous and hexane fractions were further tested in diabetic rats against standard drugs aspirin (anticoagulant) and metformin (antidiabetic). Rats were allocated into groups (n = 6) and administration was done orally, once daily for 2 weeks. The methanol extract and fractions of C. crepidioides at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly prolonged the bleeding (58–200%), clotting (65–133%), prothrombin (176–441%), and activated partial thromboplastin (209–518%) times in diabetic rats compared to the control rats (LD50 ≥ 5000 mg/kg). Highest prolongation effects were recorded in the diabetic group treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of the hexane fraction. Plasma calcium concentration and platelet counts of C. crepidioides treated diabetic rats were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to diabetic control rats, while the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly increased. This study showed that C. crepidioides possess anticoagulant and antianemic activities. The leaves can thus be a potential source of novel anticoagulant and nutraceutical for management of the thrombotic disorder in diabetes and other diseased states.
Collapse
|
19
|
Deregulating the CYP2C19/Epoxy-Eicosatrienoic Acid-Associated FABP4/FABP5 Signaling Network as a Therapeutic Approach for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010199. [PMID: 31941087 PMCID: PMC7016875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are the main causes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mortality. On the basis of our clinical cohorts and integrative omics analyses, we hypothesized that understanding the interplay between fatty acid binding protein (FABP) and epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (EET) driven metastatic progression can uncover a new opportunity for TNBC intervention. In this study, the biological relevance of increased protein expression of CYP2C19, FABP4, and FABP5 in TNBC tumors and in the TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231), as well as its highly metastatic lung seeking variant (LM6) were delineated from publicly available datasets, shRNA-mediated knockdown, EET supplementation, cancer and stromal cell co-cultures, and an orthotopic and resection xenograft tumor mouse model. We found that the high expression levels of CYP2C19 and FABP4 and FABP5 are critical in TNBC metastatic transformation and stromal cell interactions. Furthermore, EET-associated nuclear translocation of FABP4 and FABP5 and nuclear accumulation of SREBP-2 or PPAR-γ influence TNBC cell proliferation, migratory transformation, and distal metastasis priming. Most notably, we uncovered novel bioefficacy and modes of action of the anticancer drug doxorubicin and a phytogalactolipid, 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG), which effectively attenuated TNBC recurrence and lung metastasis through deregulating the FABP/EET dynamics and levels. This study, therefore, introduces a novel approach to combating TNBC by targeting the FABP/EET/CYP-associated metastatic signaling network.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi F, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Thylakoids in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Issues. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1710747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu YJ, Hsu WJ, Wu LH, Liou HP, Pangilinan CR, Tyan YC, Lee CH. Hinokitiol reduces tumor metastasis by inhibiting heparanase via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:403-413. [PMID: 32132875 PMCID: PMC7053356 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.41177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase cleaves the extracellular matrix by degrading heparan sulfate that ultimately leads to cell invasion and metastasis; a condition that causes high mortality among cancer patients. Many of the anticancer drugs available today are natural products of plant origin, such as hinokitiol. In the previous report, it was revealed that hinokitiol plays an essential role in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation processes and promote apoptosis or autophagy resulting to the inhibition of tumor growth and differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effects of hinokitiol on the cancer-promoting pathway in mouse melanoma (B16F10) and breast (4T1) cancer cells, with emphasis on heparanase expression. We detected whether hinokitiol can elicit anti-metastatic effects on cancer cells via wound healing and Transwell assays. Besides, mice experiment was conducted to observe the impact of hinokitiol in vivo. Our results show that hinokitiol can inhibit the expression of heparanase by reducing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK). Furthermore, in vitro cell migration assay showed that heparanase downregulation by hinokitiol led to a decrease in metastatic activity which is consistent with the findings in the in vivo experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Jung Wu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jie Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsien Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Pu Liou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hagiu A, Attin T, Schmidlin PR, Ramenzoni LL. Dose-dependent green tea effect on decrease of inflammation in human oral gingival epithelial keratinocytes: in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2375-2383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This in vitro study aimed to analyze the anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of green tea extract (GTE) in human gingival epithelial keratinocytes (HGEK) treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
Materials and methods
A cell viability assay was conducted using MTT to determine nontoxic levels of GTE on immortalized HGEK. Cells were concomitantly treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) and GTE (1 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml) to assess inflammation. Gene expression levels of inflammatory markers IL-β1, IL-6, and TNFα were measured by RT-PCR and their protein production was assessed by ELISA. The scratch wound healing assay was used to investigate the effects of different concentrations of GTE on cell migration. We also explored the effect of GTE on the induction of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the cells with or without LPS.
Results
GTE at concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml significantly enhanced cell viability (p < 0.05). And IL-β1, IL-6, and TNFα gene expression presented up to 10-fold decrease compared with LPS-treated cells, which was also similarly found on the protein levels. At the same concentrations, cell migration increased.
Conclusions
The mechanism results showed that GTE produced the anti-inflammatory response by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and increasing the level of anti-oxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).
Clinical relevance
GTE may be potentially used as oral rinse anti-inflammatory drug for treatment and prevention of oral inflammatory diseases, which is shown here by the ability to reduce the inflammation and increase in cell migration in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ayodele OO, Onajobi FD, Osoniyi O. In vitro anticoagulant effect of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaf methanol extract and fractions on human blood. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:99-107. [PMID: 31564995 PMCID: PMC6732563 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s218261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood coagulation is a rapid and efficient process that produces clot formation which requires regulation. A derangement of blood coagulation is a feature of many disease conditions. This study investigated the in vitro effects of Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore leaf methanol (crude) extract and its partitioned solvent fractions on blood coagulation of Healthy human volunteers. Methods The secondary metabolites from dried and ground C. crepidioides leaves were extracted with 70% methanol, and the concentrated crude extract was subsequently subjected to solvent partitioning with Hexane, Ethyl acetate, and Butanol. Varying concentrations (5–20 mg/mL) of the extract and fractions were tested in vitro on blood coagulation profile; clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of apparently healthy human volunteers, while phytochemical characterization of the Hexane fraction was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results C. crepidioides leaf methanol extract and fractions significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the clotting time, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times in the blood obtained from the volunteers. The highest prolongation effect was recorded with the Hexane fraction at concentration of 10mg/mL. GC-MS analysis of the Hexane fraction indicated the presence of phytochemicals such as unsaturated fatty acids and esters, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and coumarin-related compounds known to exhibit antiaggregant, antiplatelet and antimicrobial activities. Conclusion These results showed that C. crepidioides possesses bioactive components with anticoagulant properties which may be exploited in the treatment of blood coagulation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Oluwayemisi Ayodele
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health and Medical Science, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Funmilayo Dorcas Onajobi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health and Medical Science, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omolaja Osoniyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health and Medical Science, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lipidomic Profiling of the Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Fruit towards Its Valorisation as a Functional Food: In-Depth Identification of Triacylglycerols and Polar Lipids in Portuguese Olives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142555. [PMID: 31337054 PMCID: PMC6680557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olives (Olea europaea L.) are classic ingredients in the Mediterranean diet with well-known health benefits, but their lipid composition has not been fully addressed. In this work, we characterised triacylglycerol (TAG) and polar lipid profiles of the olive pulp while using a complementary methodological approach that was based on solid-phase extraction to recover the neutral lipid (NL) and the polar lipid-rich fractions. The TAG profile was analysed in the NL-fraction by C30 reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) and the polar lipid profile by normal-phase hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), with both being coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ESI-MS/MS. This approach identified 71 TAG ions that were attributed to more than 350 molecular species, with fatty acyl chain lengths from C11:0 to C26:0, including different polyunsaturated acyl chains. The polar lipids included 107 molecular species that belonged to 11 lipid classes that comprised phospholipids, glyceroglycolipids, glycosphingolipids, and betaine lipids. In addition to polyunsaturated fatty acids, some of the phospholipids, glycolipids, and glycosphingolipids that were identified in the olive pulp have been described as biologically active molecules. Lipidomic phenotyping of the olive pulp has led to the discovery of compounds that will allow for a better assessment of its nutritional value and new applications of bioactive lipid components in this functional food.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chao WW, Cheng YW, Chen YR, Lee SH, Chiou CY, Shyur LF. Phyto-sesquiterpene lactone deoxyelephantopin and cisplatin synergistically suppress lung metastasis of B16 melanoma in mice with reduced nephrotoxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:194-206. [PMID: 30668340 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug for treating melanoma that also causes adverse side effects in cancer patients. PURPOSE This study investigated the bioefficacy of a phytoagent deoxyelephantopin (DET) in inhibiting B16 melanoma cell activity, its synergism with CP against metastatic melanoma, and its capability to attenuate CP side effects in animals. METHODS DET and CP bioactivities were assessed by MTT assay, isobologram analysis, time-lapse microscopy, migration and invasion assays, flow cytometry and western blotting. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was used to detect lung metastasis of B16 cells carrying COX-2 reporter gene in syngeneic mice. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the compound/drug efficacy and CP side effects. Nephrotoxicity caused by CP treatment in mice was evaluated by UPLC/ESI-QTOF MS - based metabolomics and haematometry. RESULT DET, alone or in combination with cisplatin, inhibited B16 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced cell-cycle arrested at the G2/M phase and de-regulated cell-cycle mediators in cancer cells. In a murine B16COX-Luc metastatic allograft model, CP2 (2 mg/kg) treatment inhibited B16 lung metastasis accompanied by severe body weight loss, renal damage and inflammation, and haematological toxicity. DET10 and CP cotreatment (DET10 + CP1) or sequential treatment (CP2→DET10) significantly inhibited formation of pulmonary melanoma foci and reduced renal damage. DET pretreatment (Pre-DET10) or CP2→DET10 treatment had the longest survival (52 vs. 37 days for tumor control mice). CP treatment caused abnormally accumulated urea cycle metabolites and serotonin metabolite hippuric acid in renal tissues that were not seen with DET alone or in combination with CP. CONCLUSION The CP and DET combination may be an effective intervention for melanoma with reduced side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wan Chao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan 338, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The use of natural media amendments to produce kale enhanced with functional lipids in controlled environment production system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14771. [PMID: 30282974 PMCID: PMC6170470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in vegetable consumption is highly correlated with reduced risk of developing common lifestyle related diseases. We investigated the effects of three natural growth media amendments [potassium humate, dry vermicast, volcanic minerals or Promix alone (Control)] in enhancing the accumulation of functional lipids in greenhouse grown kale. Functional lipids (n9, n6, n3 fatty acids, diglycerides, galactolipids and phytosterols) were assessed using either gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). The results showed volcanic minerals and dry vermicast were the most successful in enhancing the accumulation of functional lipids in kale. For example, dry vermicast enhanced the accumulation of total C18:1n9 and C16:3n3 fatty acids, while total C18:2n6 fatty acid accumulation was enhanced by volcanic minerals. In conclusion, natural growing medium amendments are remarkably effective in modulating the accumulation of functional lipids in kale grown under controlled-environment conditions. This could be a useful strategy for functional foods production in control environment production systems. Increase access to kale with enhanced functional lipids could aid in increase consumption of these health promotive compounds in the diet with potential implications in population health.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang CC, Chang CK, Chang MT, Shyur LF. Plant galactolipid dLGG suppresses lung metastasis of melanoma through deregulating TNF-α-mediated pulmonary vascular permeability and circulating oxylipin dynamics in mice. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:3248-3261. [PMID: 29978476 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the bioefficacy and gives mechanistic insights into a plant galactolipid 1,2-di-O-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG) against metastatic melanoma using a syngeneic mouse model implanted with B16COX-2/Luc melanoma. dLGG-20 (p.o. dLGG 20 mg/kg) and anti-cancer drug CP-2 (i.p. cisplatin 2 mg/kg) treatment significantly inhibited lung metastasis of melanoma in mice 91 and 57%, respectively, as determined by bioluminescence intensity. Moreover, dLGG-20 and CP-2 treatment prolonged mouse mean survival time. dLGG-20 treatment significantly inhibited the expression levels of several molecular markers, that is, PCNA, MMP2, COX-2, VEGF, vimentin, snail, TGF-β, β-catenin, TNF-α, PD-1 and PD-L1 in mouse lung tissues compared to tumor control mice. Significant inhibition of macrophage and neutrophil infiltration and promotion of CD8 + Tc cell recruitment in the lung microenvironment was observed in dLGG-20-treated mice. A LC/MS-based comparative oxylipin metabolomics study showed that dLGG-20 treatment significantly induced (5.0- to 12.8-fold) the 12/15-LOX catalyzed oxylipin products in mouse serum including 17-HDHA from DHA, 15-HEPE from EPA, 8- and 12-HETEs from AA, and CYP450-derived 20-HETE from AA. CP-2 treatment increased 12/15-LOX derived 8-, 11- and 12-HETEs from AA, and CYP450 derived 11,12-EET from AA ad 9,10-DHOME from LA by 5.3- to 8.1-fold. Of note, dLGG and 17-HDHA were more effective than CP in preventing B16 melanoma cell-induced pulmonary vascular permeability in mice through inhibition of TNF-α production, up-regulation of tight junction proteins claudin1 and ZO-2 and deregulation of Src activation. In conclusion, this study shows the novel therapeutic effect of phytoagent dLGG and suggests its potential as a therapeutic agent for metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Yang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuei Chang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Polar Lipids from Olives and Olive Oil: A Review on Their Identification, Significance and Potential Biotechnological Applications. Foods 2018; 7:foods7070109. [PMID: 29996479 PMCID: PMC6068626 DOI: 10.3390/foods7070109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar lipids are minor components of olives and olive oil and include a myriad of molecules such as phospholipids and glycolipids. Even though sensitive and high-resolution analytical approaches have been used to unveil the polar lipidome of these matrices, new insights on their composition are needed. In this review, we will describe the findings on the identification and characterization of polar lipids from olives and olive oil and the underlying analytical challenges. The significance of polar lipids will also be discussed as potential markers of identity and traceability of olives and olive oil and in detecting adulteration of olive oil. Their potential impact on nutrition and health will be presented as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and as promising ingredients for different uses from olive-derived industrial by-products.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the best studied malignancies, and significant progress has been made in understanding the clinical implications of its disease biology. Unfortunately, drug development has not kept pace, as the '7+3' induction regimen remains the standard of care for patients fit for intensive therapy 40 years after its first use. Temporal improvements in overall survival were mostly confined to younger patients and driven by improvements in supportive care and use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Multiple forms of novel therapy are currently in clinical trials and are attempting to bring bench discoveries to the bedside to benefit patients. These novel therapies include improved chemotherapeutic agents, targeted molecular inhibitors, cell cycle regulators, pro-apoptotic agents, epigenetic modifiers, and metabolic therapies. Immunotherapies in the form of vaccines; naked, conjugated and bispecific monoclonal antibodies; cell-based therapy; and immune checkpoint inhibitors are also being evaluated in an effort to replicate the success seen in other malignancies. Herein, we review the scientific basis of these novel therapeutic approaches, summarize the currently available evidence, and look into the future of AML therapy by highlighting key clinical studies and the challenges the field continues to face.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nicaise AM, Bongarzone ER, Crocker SJ. A microglial hypothesis of globoid cell leukodystrophy pathology. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1049-61. [PMID: 27638591 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), also known as Krabbe's disease, is a fatal demyelinating disease accompanied by the formation of giant, multinucleated cells called globoid cells. Previously believed to be a byproduct of inflammation, these cells can be found early in disease before evidence of any damage. The precise mechanism by which these globoid cells cause oligodendrocyte dysfunction is not completely understood, nor is their cell type defined. This Review outlines the idea that microglial cells are transformed into an unknown and undefined novel M3 phenotype in GLD, which is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes, leading to disease progression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Giorgetti L, Giorgi G, Cherubini E, Gervasi PG, Della Croce CM, Longo V, Bellani L. Screening and identification of major phytochemical compounds in seeds, sprouts and leaves of Tuscan black kale Brassica oleracea (L.) ssp acephala (DC) var. sabellica L. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1617-1626. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1392953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Giorgetti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cherubini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Gervasi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Maria Della Croce
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bellani
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Govindarajan M. Amphiphilic glycoconjugates as potential anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1208-1253. [PMID: 29126728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilicity is one of the desirable features in the process of drug development which improves the biological as well as the pharmacokinetics profile of bioactive molecule. Carbohydrate moieties present in anti-cancer natural products and synthetic molecules influence the amphiphilicity and hence their bioactivity. This review focuses on natural and synthetic amphiphilic anti-cancer glycoconjugates. Different classes of molecules with varying degree of amphiphilicity are covered with discussions on their structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mugunthan Govindarajan
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ki HH, Poudel B, Lee JH, Lee YM, Kim DK. In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of dichloromethane fraction of Triticum aestivum sprouts. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:120-128. [PMID: 28972884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triticum aestivum sprouts (TA) contain significant amounts of chlorophyll, minerals, enzymes, and other functional entities. Furthermore, TA extracts have been shown to possess anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects and are believed to help blood flow, digestion, and general detoxification of the body. In this study, the mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effects of a dichloromethane fraction of TA (TDF) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study was done by examining cancer cells growth, morphological changes, cell cycles, expressions of death receptors and apoptosis-linked proteins in wide range of human cancer cell lines. To investigate the effect of TDF in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected with B16 melanoma cells and orally administered TDF. TDF markedly inhibited cancer cell growth and induced cellular morphological alterations, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and enhanced the expressions of death receptors (DR)-4, 5, and 6 in cell lines. In addition, TDF regulated the expressions mitochondrial apoptosis-linked proteins and induced caspase-dependent cell death. It also significantly enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK, but not p38, whereas inhibited the activation of NF-κB in cancer cells. In our mouse model, TDF significantly suppressed B16 melanoma growth, to an extent similar to cisplatin (reference control) and augmented immunomodulatory cytokines. In brief, this study presents the mechanism responsible for the anti-cancer effects of TDF in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Hui Ki
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Barun Poudel
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Glycolipids from spinach suppress LPS-induced vascular inflammation through eNOS and NK-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
35
|
Yin SY, Yang NS, Lin TJ. Phytochemicals Approach for Developing Cancer Immunotherapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:386. [PMID: 28674499 PMCID: PMC5474465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals or their derived compounds are being increasingly recognized as potentially potent complementary treatments for cancer. Among them, some phytochemicals are being actively evaluated for use as adjuvants in anticancer therapies. For instance, shikonin and hypericin were found to induce immunogenic cell death of specific cancer cells, and this effect was able to further activate the recognition activity of tumor cells by the host immune system. On the other hand, some derivatives of phytochemicals, such as dihydrobenzofuran lignan (Q2-3) have been found to induce the secretion of an endogenous anticancer factor, namely IL-25, from non-malignant cells. These findings suggest that phytochemicals or their derivatives confer a spectrum of different pharmacological activities, which contrasts with the current cytotoxic anticancer drugs commonly used in clinics. In this review, we have collected together pertinent information from recent studies about the biochemical and cellular mechanisms through which specific phytochemicals regulate target immune systems in defined tumor microenvironments. We have further highlighted the potential application of these immunotherapeutic modifiers in cell-based cancer vaccine systems. This knowledge provides useful technological support and know how for future applications of phytochemicals in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Yin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Jen Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu F, Du B, Xu B. Anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1260-1270. [PMID: 28605204 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1251390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the first biological response of the immune system to infection, injury or irritation. Evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect is mediated through the regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ as well as noncytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2. Fruits, vegetables, and food legumes contain high levels of phytochemicals that show anti-inflammatory effect, but their mechanisms of actions have not been completely identified. The aim of this paper was to summarize the recent investigations and findings regarding in vitro and animal model studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of fruits, vegetables, and food legumes. Specific cytokines released for specific type of physiological event might shed some light on the specific use of each source of phytochemicals that can benefit to counter the inflammatory response. As natural modulators of proinflammatory gene expressions, phytochemical from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes could be incorporated into novel bioactive anti-inflammatory formulations of various nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Finally, these phytochemicals are discussed as the natural promotion strategy for the improvement of human health status. The phenolics and triterpenoids in fruits and vegetables showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than other compounds. In food legumes, lectins and peptides had anti-inflammatory activity in most cases. However, there are lack of human study data on the anti-inflammatory activity of phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Zhu
- a Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology , Qinhuangdao , Hebei , China
| | - Bin Du
- a Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology , Qinhuangdao , Hebei , China.,b Food Science and Technology Program , Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
| | - Baojun Xu
- b Food Science and Technology Program , Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mármol I, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Jiménez-Moreno N, Ancín-Azpilicueta C, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Therapeutic Applications of Rose Hips from Different Rosa Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061137. [PMID: 28587101 PMCID: PMC5485961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa species, rose hips, are widespread wild plants that have been traditionally used as medicinal compounds for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. The therapeutic potential of these plants is based on its antioxidant effects caused by or associated with its phytochemical composition, which includes ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and healthy fatty acids among others. Over the last few years, medicinal interest in rose hips has increased as a consequence of recent research that has studied its potential application as a treatment for several diseases including skin disorders, hepatotoxicity, renal disturbances, diarrhoea, inflammatory disorders, arthritis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and cancer. In this review, the role of different species of Rosa in the prevention of treatment of various disorders related to oxidative stress, is examined, focusing on new therapeutic approaches from a molecular point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | | | - Nerea Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
de Los Reyes C, Ortega MJ, Rodríguez-Luna A, Talero E, Motilva V, Zubía E. Molecular Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Galactosylglycerides and Galactosylceramides from the Microalga Isochrysis galbana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8783-8794. [PMID: 27786470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isochrysis galbana is a marine microalga rich in PUFAs that is widely used as feed in aquaculture and more recently investigated for its potential in food applications and as source of bioactive compounds. In this study, the biomass obtained from cultures of I. galbana has been investigated to determine its content in glycosylglycerides and glycosylceramides. By using NMR, UPLC-MS/MS, and fatty acid profiles, the structures of ten monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs 1-10) and nine digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs 11-19) have been established. Two distinctive features of the galactosylglycerides from I. galbana are the wide presence of highly unsaturated acyl chains derived from stearidonic acid (18:4Δ6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z) and octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5Δ3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z), as well as the unusual coexistence of αβ-DGDGs and ββ-DGDGs. Three new galactosylceramides, isogalbamides A-C (20-22), have also been isolated and characterized by NMR and MS/MS. These metabolites, which are the first galactosylceramides described from microalgae, derive from unprecedented tetraolefinic sphingoid bases. In anti-inflammatory assays, the MGDG and DGDG mixtures and the isolated DGDGs 11 and 12 showed significant activity as inhibitors of the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages, while the galactosylceramides showed moderated activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Los Reyes
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - María J Ortega
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Talero
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Zubía
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Qi D, Wei W, Diao M, Lv F, Lu Z, Bie X, Zhao H. Enzymatic synthesis and antitumor evaluation of mono- and diesters of 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1247821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingming Diao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Seo EJ, Wu CF, Ali Z, Wang YH, Khan SI, Walker LA, Khan IA, Efferth T. Both Phenolic and Non-phenolic Green Tea Fractions Inhibit Migration of Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 28194107 PMCID: PMC5278262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea consumption is associated with chemoprevention of many cancer types. Fresh tea leaves are rich in polyphenolic catechins, which can constitute up to 30% of the dry leaf weight. While the polyphenols of green tea have been well investigated, it is still largely unknown, whether or not non-phenolic constituents also reveal chemopreventive and anti-metastatic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of a fraction of green tea rich in phenolic compounds (PF), a non-phenolic fraction (NPF), which contains glyceroglycolipids (GGL), and a pure glyceroglycolipid compound isolated from the non-phenolic fraction in human cancer. Dried green tea leaves were extracted and applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column. The resazurin reduction assay was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of green tea samples toward human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and normal AML12 hepatocytes cells. Gene expression profiling was performed by mRNA microarray hybridization and the microarray results were validated by RT-PCR. The scratch migration assay was used to investigate the effects of green tea samples on cell migration in vitro. The changes of microtubule dynamics were observed using fluorescence microscopy. PF and NPF were prepared from methanol extract of green tea. A GGL was isolated from NPF. All three green tea samples did not show significant cytotoxic activity up to 10 μg/mL in both HepG2 and AML12 cells, whereas cytotoxicity of the control drug doxorubicin was observed with both cell lines (IC50 on AML12: 0.024 μg/mL, IC50 on HepG2: 2.103 μg/mL). We identified three sets of genes differentially expressed upon treatment with the green tea samples. The genes were associated with cytoskeleton formation, cellular movement, and morphology. The correlation coefficients between mRNA expression values determined by microarray and RT-PCR were R = 0.94. HepG2 and U2OS cells treated with green tea extracts showed the delayed closures. Besides, the number of distinct tubulin filaments decreased upon treatment with green tea samples. We identified not only PF, but also glyceroglycolipids in NPF as contributing factors to the chemopreventive effects of green tea. Both PF and NPF of green tea inhibited cancer cell migration by the disassembly of microtubules, even though they were not cytotoxic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Apaya MK, Lin CY, Chiou CY, Yang CC, Ting CY, Shyur LF. Simvastatin and a Plant Galactolipid Protect Animals from Septic Shock by Regulating Oxylipin Mediator Dynamics through the MAPK-cPLA 2 Signaling Pathway. Mol Med 2016; 21:988-1001. [PMID: 26701313 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major medical issue despite decades of research. Identification of important inflammatory cascades and key molecular mediators are crucial for developing intervention and prevention strategies. In this study, we conducted a comparative oxylipin metabolomics study to gain a comprehensive picture of lipid mediator dynamics during the initial hyperinflammatory phase of sepsis, and demonstrated, in parallel, the efficacy of simvastatin and plant galactolipid, 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG) in the homeostatic regulation of the oxylipin metabolome using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis C57BL/6J mouse model. LPS increased the systemic and organ levels of proinflammatory metabolites of linoleic acid including leukotoxin diols (9-,10-DHOME, 12-,13-DHOME) and octadecadienoic acids (9-HODE and 13-HODE) and arachidonic acid-derived prostanoid, PGE2, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (8-, 12- and 15-HETE). Treatment with either compound decreased the levels of proinflammatory metabolites and elevated proresolution lipoxin A4, 5(6)-EET, 11(12)-EET and 15-deoxy-PGJ2. dLGG and simvastatin ameliorated the effects of LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent activation of cPLA2, cyclooxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450 and/or epoxide hydrolase lowered systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels and aminotransferase activities and decreased organ-specific infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes and macrophages, and septic shock-induced multiple organ damage. Furthermore, both dLGG and simvastatin increased the survival rates in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model. This study provides new insights into the role of oxylipins in sepsis pathogenesis and highlights the potential of simvastatin and dLGG in sepsis therapy and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karmella Apaya
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Ting
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Apaya MK, Chang MT, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine polypharmacology: Cancer therapy through modulating the tumor microenvironment and oxylipin dynamics. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:58-68. [PMID: 26969215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrative approaches in cancer therapy have recently been extended beyond the induction of cytotoxicity to controlling the tumor microenvironment and modulating inflammatory cascades and pathways such as lipid mediator biosynthesis and their dynamics. Profiling of important lipid messengers, such as oxylipins, produced as part of the physiological response to pharmacological stimuli, provides a unique opportunity to explore drug pharmacology and the possibilities for molecular management of cancer physiopathology. Whereas single targeted chemotherapeutic drugs commonly lack efficacy and invoke drug resistance and/or adverse effects in cancer patients, traditional herbal medicines are seen as bright prospects for treating complex diseases, such as cancers, in a systematic and holistic manner. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of traditional medicine and its bioactive chemical constituents may aid the modernization of herbal remedies and the discovery of novel phytoagents for cancer management. In this review, systems-based polypharmacology and studies to develop multi-target drugs or leads from phytomedicines and their derived natural products that may overcome the problems of current anti-cancer drugs, are proposed and summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karmella Apaya
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vijayakumar S, Prabhu S, Rajalakhsmi S, Manogar P. Review on potential phytocompounds in drug development for Parkinson disease: A pharmacoinformatic approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
45
|
Zhou XY, Zhang J, Xu RP, Ma X, Zhang ZQ. Aqueous biphasic system based on low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol for one-step separation of crude polysaccharides from Pericarpium granati using high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
46
|
Total synthesis and structure-activity relationship of glycoglycerolipids from marine organisms. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3634-59. [PMID: 24945415 PMCID: PMC4071594 DOI: 10.3390/md12063634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoglycerolipids occur widely in natural products, especially in the marine species. Glycoglycerolipids have been shown to possess a variety of bioactivities. This paper will review the different methodologies and strategies for the synthesis of biological glycoglycerolipids and their analogs for bioactivity assay. In addition, the bioactivities and structure-activity relationship of the glycoglycerolipids are also briefly outlined.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ho BY, Lin CH, Apaya MK, Chao WW, Shyur LF. Silibinin and Paclitaxel Cotreatment Significantly Suppress the Activity and Lung Metastasis of Triple Negative 4T1 Mammary Tumor Cell in Mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:301-11. [PMID: 24716145 PMCID: PMC3942908 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of silibinin (SB), paclitaxel (PTX) and SB and PTX in combination (SB+PTX) against murine metastatic mammary 4T1 cancer cell line were investigated. Isobologram and combination index (CI) analyses showed that SB and PTX can function synergistically in the inhibition of 4T1 cell proliferation with a CI value < 1. Both SB and PTX alone or SB+PTX treatment inhibited 4T1 cell migration and motility possibly through downregulation of the serpin protease nexin-1 (PN-1) and N-cadherin expression, inhibition of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 activity, and upregulation of E-cadherin. Flow cytometry and Western blot analyses demonstrated that both drugs deregulated cell-cycle mediators and induced apoptosis in 4T1 cells. A real-time in vivo bioluminescence imaging system to monitor the breast cancer cell metastasis in syngeneic BALB/c mice was established using a stable 4T1pGL-COX-2/Luc cell clone carrying a COX-2 promoter driven-luciferase reporter gene. In vivo study using the allograft 4T1pGL-COX-2/Luc metastatic mouse model indicated that SB co-treated with PTX can significantly suppress lung metastasis of 4T1 cells likely through inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Together, this study demonstrates that SB could act synergistically with PTX in 4T1 cells, providing a therapeutic option for highly metastatic triple negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ying Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan ; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Wan Chao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan ; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jiang Z, Shi R, Zhang H, Li Y. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANT GLYCOGLYCEROLIPIDS FROM FRUIT OF CUCURBITA MOSCHATA BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH PREPARATIVE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.765452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Jiang
- a College of Food Science, Hainan University , Hainan , China
| | - Ruicheng Shi
- a College of Food Science, Hainan University , Hainan , China
| | - Haide Zhang
- a College of Food Science, Hainan University , Hainan , China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- a College of Food Science, Hainan University , Hainan , China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bellik Y, Boukraâ L, Alzahrani HA, Bakhotmah BA, Abdellah F, Hammoudi SM, Iguer-Ouada M. Molecular mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of phytochemicals: an update. Molecules 2012; 18:322-53. [PMID: 23271469 PMCID: PMC6269762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resort worldwide to edible medicinal plants for medical care has increased significantly during the last few years. Currently, there is a renewed interest in the search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agents to reduce the risk of many diseases. The activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has now been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases, while data from numerous studies underline the importance of phytochemicals in inhibiting the pathway that activates this transcription factor. Moreover, the incidence of type I allergic disorders has been increasing worldwide, particularly, the hypersensitivity to food. Thus, a good number of plant products with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity have been documented, but very few of these compounds have reached clinical use and there is scant scientific evidence that could explain their mode of action. Therefore, this paper intends to review the most salient recent reports on the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of phytochemicals and the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuva Bellik
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University, Béjaia 06000, Algeria; E-Mail:
| | - Laïd Boukraâ
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +213-795-306-930
| | - Hasan A. Alzahrani
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balkees A. Bakhotmah
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences, Arts and Design College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatiha Abdellah
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Si M. Hammoudi
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Mokrane Iguer-Ouada
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University, Béjaia 06000, Algeria; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Inhibitory effect on TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cell line by glyceroglycolipids from the leaves of Ficus microcarpa. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:2135-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|