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Wu N, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Tian Y, Tang M, Feng X, Ashrafizadeh M, Wang Y, Niu X, Tambuwala M, Wang L, Tergaonkar V, Sethi G, Klionsky D, Huang L, Gu M. Autophagy in aging-related diseases and cancer: Principles, regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102428. [PMID: 39038742 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is primarily accountable for the degradation of damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules in the cells. Regarding the essential function of autophagy for preserving cellular homeostasis, changes in, or dysfunction of, autophagy flux can lead to disease development. In the current paper, the complicated function of autophagy in aging-associated pathologies and cancer is evaluated, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms that can affect longevity and disease pathogenesis. As a natural biological process, a reduction in autophagy is observed with aging, resulting in an accumulation of cell damage and the development of different diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MTOR, AMPK, and ATG proteins demonstrate changes during aging, and they are promising therapeutic targets. Insulin/IGF1, TOR, PKA, AKT/PKB, caloric restriction and mitochondrial respiration are vital for lifespan regulation and can modulate or have an interaction with autophagy. The specific types of autophagy, such as mitophagy that degrades mitochondria, can regulate aging by affecting these organelles and eliminating those mitochondria with genomic mutations. Autophagy and its specific types contribute to the regulation of carcinogenesis and they are able to dually enhance or decrease cancer progression. Cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance and immune reactions, are tightly regulated by autophagy, supporting the conclusion that autophagy is a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yundong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, No.5700 College Road, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; Research Center, the Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong 525200, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Daniel Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Li Huang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong 525200, China.
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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Liu X, Zhou C, Cheng B, Xiong Y, Zhou Q, Wan E, He Y. Genipin promotes the apoptosis and autophagy of neuroblastoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20231. [PMID: 39215133 PMCID: PMC11364629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the underlying function and mechanism of genipin in neuroblastoma (NB). Using flow cytometry analysis and cytotoxicity tests, in vitro studies were conducted to assess the effects of genipin on the SK-N-SH cell line. The mechanism of action of genipin was explored through immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and caspase-3 activity assays. In addition, we also created a xenograft tumour model to investigate the effects of genipin in vivo. This research confirmed that genipin suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and promoted autophagy, processes that are likely linked to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Autophagy inhibition increases the sensitivity of SK-N-SH cells to genipin. Furthermore, combination treatment with a PI3K inhibitor enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of genipin. These results highlight the potential of genipin as a candidate drug for the treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Research, North Sichuan Medical College, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Boli Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Enyu Wan
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Liu H, Wang Q, Lan W, Liu D, Huang J, Yao J. Radiosensitization effect of quinoline-indole-schiff base derivative 10E on non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:405-417. [PMID: 38880855 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Radioresistance is an inevitable obstacle in the clinical treatment of inoperable patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining treatment with radiosensitizers may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Previously, the quinoline derivative 10E as new exporter of Nur77 has shown superior antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing activity and acting mechanisms of 10E. In vitro, A549 and H460 cells were treated with control, ionizing radiation (IR), 10E, and 10E + IR. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cycle were examined using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. Protein expression and localization were examined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Tumor xenograft models were established to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of 10E in vivo. 10E significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased their radiosensitivity while reducing level of p-BCRA1, p-DNA-PKs, and 53BP1 involved in the DNA damage repair pathway, indicating that its radiosensitizing activity is closely associated with repressing DNA damage repair. A549 cells showed low level of Nur77 and a low response to IR but 10E-treated A549 cells showed high level of Nur77 indicating that Nur77 is a core radiosensitivity factor and 10E restores the expression of Nur77. Nur77 and Ku80 extranuclear co-localization in the 10E-treated A549 cells suggested that 10E-modulated Nur77 nuclear exportation inhibits DNA damage repair pathways and increases IR-triggered apoptosis. The combination of 10E and IR significantly inhibits tumor growth in a tumor xenograft model. Our findings suggest that 10E acts as a radiosensitizer and that combining 10E with radiotherapy may be a potential strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wanying Lan
- Guixi Community Health Center of the Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jiangang Huang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Xu Q, Wang M, Zhang F, Chen G, Shu Z, Li L, Zhang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Duan X, Yu M. A Bimetallic Electro-Sensitizer Improves ROS Therapy by Relieving Autophagy-Induced ROS Tolerance and Immune Suppression. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402312. [PMID: 39077967 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent monotherapy usually demonstrates poor therapeutic outcomes, due to the accompanied activation of protective autophagy in tumor cells, which results in ROS tolerance and immune suppression. In this study, a bimetallic electro-sensitizer, Pt-Ir NPs is constructed, loaded with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (Pt-Ir-CQ NPs), to enhance the effectiveness of electrotherapy by inhibiting autophagy and activating anti-tumor immune responses. This novel electrotherapy platform demonstrates unique advantages, particularly in the treatment of hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors. First, the electro-sensitizer catalyzes water molecules into ROS under electric field, achieving tumor ablation through electrotoxicity. Second, the incorporated CQ inhibits the protective autophagy induced by electrotherapy, restoring the sensitivity of tumor cells to ROS and thereby enhancing the anti-tumor effects of electrotherapy. Third, Pt-Ir-CQ NPs enhance the functionality of antigen-presenting cells and immunogenic cells through inhibiting autophagy, synergistically activating the anti-tumor immune responses along with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect induced by electrotherapy. This study provides a novel approach for the effective ablation and long-term inhibition of solid tumors through flexible modulation by an exogenous electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Manchun Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gui Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhilin Shu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Lei Li
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Breast Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523018, China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Meng Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
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Walweel N, Aydin O. Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy in Cancer Treatment: Integrating Nanomedicine with Autophagy Inhibition Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27832-27852. [PMID: 38973850 PMCID: PMC11223161 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The complicated stepwise lysosomal degradation process known as autophagy is in charge of destroying and eliminating damaged organelles and defective cytoplasmic components. This mechanism promotes metabolic adaptability and nutrition recycling. Autophagy functions as a quality control mechanism in cells that support homeostasis and redox balance under normal circumstances. However, the role of autophagy in cancer is controversial because, mostly depending on the stage of the tumor, it may either suppress or support the disease. While autophagy delays the onset of tumors and slows the dissemination of cancer in the early stages of tumorigenesis, numerous studies demonstrate that autophagy promotes the development and spread of tumors as well as the evolution and development of resistance to several anticancer drugs in advanced cancer stages. In this Review, we primarily emphasize the therapeutic role of autophagy inhibition in improving the treatment of multiple cancers and give a broad overview of how its inhibition modulates cancer responses. There have been various attempts to inhibit autophagy, including the use of autophagy inhibitor drugs, gene silencing therapy (RNA interference), and nanoparticles. In this Review, all these topics are thoroughly covered and illustrated by recent studies and field investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Walweel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Omer Aydin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- ERKAM-Clinical-Engineering
Research and Implementation Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
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6
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Wang G, Jiang X, Torabian P, Yang Z. Investigating autophagy and intricate cellular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma: Emphasis on cell death mechanism crosstalk. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216744. [PMID: 38431037 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a formidable global health challenge due to its prevalence, marked by high mortality and morbidity rates. This cancer type exhibits a multifaceted etiology, prominently linked to viral infections, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and genomic mutations. The inherent heterogeneity of HCC, coupled with its proclivity for developing drug resistance, presents formidable obstacles to effective therapeutic interventions. Autophagy, a fundamental catabolic process, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, responding to stressors such as nutrient deprivation. In the context of HCC, tumor cells exploit autophagy, either augmenting or impeding its activity, thereby influencing tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review underscores the dualistic role of autophagy in HCC, acting as both a pro-survival and pro-death mechanism, impacting the trajectory of tumorigenesis. The anti-carcinogenic potential of autophagy is evident in its ability to enhance apoptosis and ferroptosis in HCC cells. Pertinently, dysregulated autophagy fosters drug resistance in the carcinogenic context. Both genomic and epigenetic factors can regulate autophagy in HCC progression. Recognizing the paramount importance of autophagy in HCC progression, this review introduces pharmacological compounds capable of modulating autophagy-either inducing or inhibiting it, as promising avenues in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Interventional, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110020, PR China
| | - Pedram Torabian
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China.
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Jiang M, Wu W, Xiong Z, Yu X, Ye Z, Wu Z. Targeting autophagy drug discovery: Targets, indications and development trends. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116117. [PMID: 38295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began decades ago and hundreds of agents were developed, some of which are licensed for the clinical usage. However, no existing intervention specifically aimed at modulating autophagy is available. The obstacles that prevent drug developments come from the complexity of the actual impact of autophagy regulators in disease scenarios. With the development and application of new technologies, several promising categories of compounds for autophagy-based therapy have emerged in recent years. In this paper, the autophagy-targeted drugs based on their targets at various hierarchical sites of the autophagic signaling network, e.g., the upstream and downstream of the autophagosome and the autophagic components with enzyme activities are reviewed and analyzed respectively, with special attention paid to those at preclinical or clinical trials. The drugs tailored to specific autophagy alone and combination with drugs/adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical for various diseases treatments are also emphasized. The emerging drug design and development targeting selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and their related proteins, which would be expected to arrest or reverse the progression of disease in various cancers, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, are critically reviewed. And the challenges and perspective in clinically developing autophagy-targeted drugs and possible combinations with other medicine are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Wayne Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Zijie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China.
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Liu X, Li D, Ma T, Luo X, Peng Y, Wang T, Zuo C, Cai J. Autophagy inhibition improves the targeted radionuclide therapy efficacy of 131I-FAP-2286 in pancreatic cancer xenografts. J Transl Med 2024; 22:156. [PMID: 38360704 PMCID: PMC10870561 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES Radiotherapy can induce tumor cell autophagy, which might impair the antitumoral effect. This study aims to investigate the effect of autophagy inhibition on the targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) efficacy of 131I-FAP-2286 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were exposed to 131I-FAP-2286 radiotherapy alone or with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. The autophagy level and proliferative activity of PANC-1 cells were analyzed. The pancreatic cancer xenograft-bearing nude mice were established by the co-injection of PANC-1 cells and pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and then were randomly divided into four groups and treated with saline (control group), 3-MA, 131I-FAP-2286 and 131I-FAP-2286 + 3-MA, respectively. SPECT/CT imaging was performed to evaluate the bio-distribution of 131I-FAP-2286 in pancreatic cancer-bearing mice. The therapeutic effect of tumor was evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, tumor volume measurements, and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemical staining assay of tumor tissues. RESULTS 131I-FAP-2286 inhibited proliferation and increased the autophagy level of PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 3-MA promoted 131I-FAP-2286-induced apoptosis of PANC-1 cells via suppressing autophagy. SPECT/CT imaging of pancreatic cancer xenograft-bearing nude mice showed that 131I-FAP-2286 can target the tumor effectively. According to 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, the tumor growth curves and immunohistochemical analysis, 131I-FAP-2286 TRT was capable of suppressing the growth of pancreatic tumor accompanying with autophagy induction, but the addition of 3-MA enabled 131I-FAP-2286 to achieve a better therapeutic effect along with the autophagy inhibition. In addition, 3-MA alone did not inhibit tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS 131I-FAP-2286 exposure induces the protective autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells, and the application of autophagy inhibitor is capable of enhancing the TRT therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tianbao Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiu Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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9
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Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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10
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Bigos KJA, Quiles CG, Lunj S, Smith DJ, Krause M, Troost EGC, West CM, Hoskin P, Choudhury A. Tumour response to hypoxia: understanding the hypoxic tumour microenvironment to improve treatment outcome in solid tumours. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331355. [PMID: 38352889 PMCID: PMC10861654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumours affecting their biology and response to therapy. One of the main transcription factors activated by hypoxia is hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which regulates the expression of genes involved in various aspects of tumourigenesis including proliferative capacity, angiogenesis, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and cell migration. This can negatively impact patient outcomes by inducing therapeutic resistance. The importance of hypoxia is clearly demonstrated by continued research into finding clinically relevant hypoxia biomarkers, and hypoxia-targeting therapies. One of the problems is the lack of clinically applicable methods of hypoxia detection, and lack of standardisation. Additionally, a lot of the methods of detecting hypoxia do not take into consideration the complexity of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME). Therefore, this needs further elucidation as approximately 50% of solid tumours are hypoxic. The ECM is important component of the hypoxic TME, and is developed by both cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumour cells. However, it is important to distinguish the different roles to develop both biomarkers and novel compounds. Fibronectin (FN), collagen (COL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are important components of the ECM that create ECM fibres. These fibres are crosslinked by specific enzymes including lysyl oxidase (LOX) which regulates the stiffness of tumours and induces fibrosis. This is partially regulated by HIFs. The review highlights the importance of understanding the role of matrix stiffness in different solid tumours as current data shows contradictory results on the impact on therapeutic resistance. The review also indicates that further research is needed into identifying different CAF subtypes and their exact roles; with some showing pro-tumorigenic capacity and others having anti-tumorigenic roles. This has made it difficult to fully elucidate the role of CAFs within the TME. However, it is clear that this is an important area of research that requires unravelling as current strategies to target CAFs have resulted in worsened prognosis. The role of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment is also discussed as hypoxia has been associated with modulating immune cells to create an anti-tumorigenic environment. Which has led to the development of immunotherapies including PD-L1. These hypoxia-induced changes can confer resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of hypoxia on the TME and its implications for therapy resistance. It also discusses the potential of hypoxia biomarkers as prognostic and predictive indictors of treatment response, as well as the challenges and opportunities of targeting hypoxia in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla JA. Bigos
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conrado G. Quiles
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sapna Lunj
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle J. Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther GC. Troost
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Rossendorf, Germany
| | - Catharine M. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Germany
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11
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Danish F, Qureshi MA, Mirza T, Amin W, Sufiyan S, Naeem S, Arshad F, Mughal N. Investigating the Association between the Autophagy Markers LC3B, SQSTM1/p62, and DRAM and Autophagy-Related Genes in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:572. [PMID: 38203743 PMCID: PMC10779014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are extremely fatal tumors, marked by severe hypoxia and therapeutic resistance. Autophagy is a cellular degradative process that can be activated by hypoxia, ultimately resulting in tumor advancement and chemo-resistance. Our study aimed to examine the link between autophagy markers' expression in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs). In 39 glioma cases, we assessed the protein expression of autophagy markers LC3B, SQSTM1/p62, and DRAM by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the mRNA expression of the autophagy genes PTEN, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, ULK1, ULK2, UVRAG, Beclin 1, and VPS34 using RT-qPCR. LC3B, SQSTM1/p62, and DRAM expression were positive in 64.1%, 51.3%, and 28.2% of glioma cases, respectively. The expression of LC3B and SQSTM1/p62 was notably higher in HGGs compared to LGGs. VPS34 exhibited a significant differential expression, displaying increased fold change in HGGs compared to LGGs. Additionally, it exhibited robust positive associations with Beclin1 (rs = 0.768), UVRAG (rs = 0.802), and ULK2 (rs = 0.786) in HGGs. This underscores a potential association between autophagy and the progression of gliomas. We provide preliminary data for the functional analysis of autophagy using a cell culture model and to identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Danish
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75300, Pakistan; (F.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Qureshi
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75300, Pakistan; (F.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Talat Mirza
- Departments of Research & Molecular Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75600, Pakistan;
| | - Wajiha Amin
- Departments of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Sufiyan Sufiyan
- Departments of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Sana Naeem
- Departments of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Fatima Arshad
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75300, Pakistan; (F.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Nouman Mughal
- Departments of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.S.); (S.N.)
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12
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Ou M, Cho HY, Fu J, Thein TZ, Wang W, Swenson SD, Minea RO, Stathopoulos A, Schönthal AH, Hofman FM, Tang L, Chen TC. Inhibition of autophagy and induction of glioblastoma cell death by NEO214, a perillyl alcohol-rolipram conjugate. Autophagy 2023; 19:3169-3188. [PMID: 37545052 PMCID: PMC10621246 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2242696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, exhibiting a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis. Surgery and chemoradiation with temozolomide (TMZ) represent the standard of care, but, in most cases, the tumor develops resistance to further treatment and the patients succumb to disease. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of well-tolerated, effective drugs that specifically target chemoresistant gliomas. NEO214 was generated by covalently conjugating rolipram, a PDE4 (phosphodiesterase 4) inhibitor, to perillyl alcohol, a naturally occurring monoterpene related to limonene. Our previous studies in preclinical models showed that NEO214 harbors anticancer activity, is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and is remarkably well tolerated. In the present study, we investigated its mechanism of action and discovered inhibition of macroautophagy/autophagy as a key component of its anticancer effect in glioblastoma cells. We show that NEO214 prevents autophagy-lysosome fusion, thereby blocking autophagic flux and triggering glioma cell death. This process involves activation of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) activity, which leads to cytoplasmic accumulation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), a critical regulator of genes involved in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and consequently reduced expression of autophagy-lysosome genes. When combined with chloroquine and TMZ, the anticancer impact of NEO214 is further potentiated and unfolds against TMZ-resistant cells as well. Taken together, our findings characterize NEO214 as a novel autophagy inhibitor that could become useful for overcoming chemoresistance in glioblastoma.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BAFA1: bafilomycin A1; BBB: blood brain barrier; CQ: chloroquine; GBM: glioblastoma; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MGMT: O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC: MTOR complex; POH: perillyl alcohol; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TMZ: temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hee-Yeon Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering, Biola University, La Mirada, CA, USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Thu Zan Thein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen D. Swenson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Radu O. Minea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Apostolos Stathopoulos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Axel H. Schönthal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Florence M. Hofman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Thomas C. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Li J, Zhang Y, Dong PY, Yang GM, Gurunathan S. A comprehensive review on the composition, biogenesis, purification, and multifunctional role of exosome as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115087. [PMID: 37392659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
All forms of life produce nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which are enclosed in lipid bilayer membranes. Exosomes engage in cell-to-cell communication and participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes function via their bioactive components, which are delivered to target cells in the form of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Exosomes function as drug delivery vehicles due to their unique properties of innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, biodistribution, accumulation in desired tissues, low toxicity in normal tissues, and the stimulation of anti-cancer immune responses, and penetration capacity into distance organs. Exosomes mediate cellular communications by delivering various bioactive molecules including oncogenes, oncomiRs, proteins, specific DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These bioactive substances can be transferred to change the transcriptome of target cells and influence tumor-related signaling pathways. After considering all of the available literature, in this review we discuss the biogenesis, composition, production, and purification of exosomes. We briefly review exosome isolation and purification techniques. We explore great-length exosomes as a mechanism for delivering a variety of substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, small chemicals, and chemotherapeutic drugs. We also talk about the benefits and drawbacks of exosomes. This review concludes with a discussion future perspective and challenges. We hope that this review will provide us a better understanding of the current state of nanomedicine and exosome applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Pei-Yu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guo-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Pollachi Road, Eachanari, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India.
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14
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Long X, Wang H, Yan J, Li Y, Dong X, Tian S, Sun Y, Luo K, He B, Liang Y. Tailor-Made Autophagy Cascade Amplification Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207898. [PMID: 36932938 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) by triggering autophagy and mediate antitumor immunotherapy. However, using chemotherapeutics alone can only cause mild cell-protective autophagy and be incapable of inducing sufficient ICD efficacy. The participation of autophagy inducer is competent to enhance autophagy, so the level of ICD is promoted and the effect of antitumor immunotherapy is highly increased. Herein, tailor-made autophagy cascade amplification polymeric nanoparticles STF@AHPPE are constructed to enhance tumor immunotherapy. Arginine (Arg), polyethyleneglycol-polycaprolactone, and epirubicin (EPI) are grafted onto hyaluronic acid (HA) via disulfide bond to form the AHPPE nanoparticles and autophagy inducer STF-62247 (STF) is loaded. When STF@AHPPE nanoparticles target to tumor tissues and efficiently enter into tumor cells with the help of HA and Arg, the high glutathione concentration leads to the cleavage of disulfide bond and the release of EPI and STF. Finally, STF@AHPPE induces violent cytotoxic autophagy and strong ICD efficacy. As compared to AHPPE nanoparticles, STF@AHPPE nanoparticles kill the most tumor cells and show the more obvious ICD efficacy and immune activation ability. This work provides a novel strategy for combining tumor chemo-immunotherapy with autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Long
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Sijia Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
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15
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Yang J, Teng Y. Harnessing cancer stem cell-derived exosomes to improve cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:131. [PMID: 37217932 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the key "seeds" for tumor initiation and development, metastasis, and recurrence. Because of the function of CSCs in tumor development and progression, research in this field has intensified and CSCs are viewed as a new therapeutic target. Exosomes carrying a wide range of DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins are released outside of the originating cells through the fusion of multivesicular endosomes or multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. It has become evident that CSC-derived exosomes play a significant role in almost all "hallmarks" of cancer. For example, exosomes from CSCs can maintain a steady state of self-renewal in the tumor microenvironment and regulate microenvironmental cells or distant cells to help cancer cells escape immune surveillance and induce immune tolerance. However, the function and therapeutic value of CSC-derived exosomes and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely undefined. To provide an overview of the possible role of CSC-derived exosomes and targeting strategies, we summarize relevant research progress, highlight the potential impact of detecting or targeting CSC-derived exosomes on cancer treatment, and discuss opportunities and challenges based on our experience and insights in this research area. A more thorough understanding of the characteristics and function of CSC-derived exosomes may open new avenues to the development of new clinical diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapies to prevent tumor resistance and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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16
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Transcription of Autophagy Associated Gene Expression as Possible Predictors of a Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020418. [PMID: 36830954 PMCID: PMC9952998 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Autophagy plays a dual role in oncogenesis-it contributes to the growth of the tumor and can inhibit its development. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the transcriptional activity of LAMP-2, BECN1, PINK1, and FOXO1 genes involved in the autophagy process in histopathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma sections of colorectal cancer: (2) Methods: A gene expression profile analysis was performed using HG-U133A and the RT-qPCR reaction. The transcriptional activity of genes was compared in sections of colorectal cancer in the four clinical stages (CSI-CSIV) concerning the control group; (3) Results: In CSI, the transcriptional activity of the PINK1 gene is highest; in CS II, the LAMP-2 gene is highest, while FOXO1 increases gradually from CSI reaching a maximum in CSIII. There is no BECN1 gene expression in colorectal cancer cells; (4) Conclusions: The observed differences in the mRNA concentration profile of autophagy-related genes in colon cancer specimens may indicate the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of this cancer. Genes involved in autophagy may be diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer screening and personalized therapy in the future.
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Lim JS, Kyung SY, Jeon Y, Kim IS, Kwak JH, Kim HS. Anticancer effects of the HDAC inhibitor, 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid, in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells via the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathways. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:43. [PMID: 36633143 PMCID: PMC9868892 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Astilbe chinensis (A. chinensis) is a perennial herb that is used to treat chronic bronchitis and pain. The anticancer activity of 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid (ACT‑3), a major component isolated from A. chinensis, has not yet been investigated in detail. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and anticancer activities of ACT‑3 compared with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells. The purity of ACT‑3 was determined using high‑performance liquid chromatography. In the present study, the effects of ACT‑3 on anticancer effects of MCF‑7 cells were determined by measuring the level of apoptotic cell death and cell cycle regulator using flow cytometry analysis and western blot analysis, respectively. The effects of ACT‑3 on HDAC enzyme activity were measured using assay kits. ACT‑3 and SAHA increased the levels of acetylated histone H3 and reduced the levels of HDAC1 and HDAC3 in MCF‑7 cells. ACT‑3 significantly decreased the cell viability in a concentration‑dependent manner and induced different morphological changes at high concentrations. ACT‑3 and SAHA significantly inhibited the colony formation in MCF‑7 cells. ACT‑3 inhibited total HDAC activity in a dose‑dependent manner. ACT‑3 significantly reduced the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin‑dependent kinase 4, and upregulated the expression levels of p21WAF1 and p53. A significant increase in the G1 phase cell population was observed in MCF‑7 cells and ACT‑3 induced apoptosis by reducing the ratio of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) and releasing cleaved caspase 9. Additionally, ACT‑3 significantly increased autophagic cell death by inhibiting the serine‑threonine kinase/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. Autophagy induction was confirmed via acridine orange staining. ACT‑3 significantly increased the pERK1/2 and p21 in MCF‑7 cells. Thus, the activated ERK pathway played an important role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via ERK‑dependent induction of p21 in MCF‑7 cells. These data indicated that ACT‑3 can be used as a promising anticancer agent to overcome the limitations and reduce the side effects of conventional anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seung Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kyung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukyoung Jeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Hyung Sik Kim or Dr Jong Hwan Kwak, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Hyung Sik Kim or Dr Jong Hwan Kwak, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
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Wei J, Zhu K, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Xia Z, Ren J, Zhao Y, Wu G, Liu C. Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy Is Involved in Radioresistance via HIF1A-Associated Beclin-1 in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12820. [PMID: 36691538 PMCID: PMC9860297 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is the major factor of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment failure and relapse. Hypoxia and autophagy are linked to radioresistance and poor prognosis in solid tumors, but mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, we hypothesize that hypoxia may activate autophagy through two critical factors, HIF1A and Beclin-1, resulting in radioresistance of GBM in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we first demonstrated that HIF1A was overexpressed in GBM tissues and predicted a poor prognosis via bioinformatics. Secondly, we determined that hypoxia induced high expression of HIF1A and upregulated levels of Beclin-1 and autophagy, while HIF1A knockdown by shRNA reduced the expression of Beclin-1. Then we revealed the crosstalk and mechanisms of HIF1A-associated-Beclin-1 in three aspects: (a) transcriptional regulation, (b) protein interaction, and (c) HIF1A/BNIP3/Beclin-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed that silencing HIF1A enhanced the radiosensitivity of GBM in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, Beclin-1 suppression by 3-MA could reverse radioresistance induced by HIF1A under hypoxia. In conclusion, we demonstrated that hypoxia triggered autophagy via HIF1A-associated Beclin-1, resulting in radioresistance in GBM. HIF1A knockdown improved GBM radiosensitivity, and silencing Beclin-1 could reverse HIF1A-induced radioresistance under hypoxic conditions. These findings may help us comprehend the molecular underpinnings of hypoxia-induced autophagy and provide a novel perspective and prospective treatment for GBM radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Wei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Kuikui Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zihan Xia
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China,Corresponding author.Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
| | - Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China,Corresponding author.Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
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19
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Glucocorticoid-induced microRNA-378 signaling mediates the progression of pancreatic cancer by enhancing autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1052. [PMID: 36535942 PMCID: PMC9763328 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in tumor therapy to reduce tumor growth, inflammation, edema, and other side effects. Controversially, GCs may also cause the progression of highly aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Because microRNA (miR) and autophagy signaling support the invasive growth of PDAC, we asked whether these mechanisms may be targeted by GCs. Six established human PDAC cell lines, tissue from patients who received GC medication (n = 35) prior to surgery, or not (n = 35), and tumor xenografts were examined by RT‒qPCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, gene array and Kaplan‒Meier analysis with bioinformatics, and MTT, western blot, colony, spheroid, migration, and invasion assays. We found that various GCs, including dexamethasone (DEX), induced typical features of macroautophagy with the appearance of autolysosomes, enhanced LC3-II, decreased SQSTM1/p62 expression and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and gemcitabine resistance. The GC receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone (RU486) counteracted DEX-induced autophagy features, suggesting that the GC-GR complex is involved in the induction of autophagy. The autophagy-related miR-378i and miR-378a-3p were selected as the top upregulated candidates, and their high expression in PDAC patient tissue correlated with low survival. siRNA-mediated downregulation of miR-378 inhibited DEX-induced autophagy, and tumor progression. Bioinformatics confirmed the contribution of miR-378 to the regulation of signaling networks involved in GC-induced autophagy and tumor progression. The construction of a molecular docking model revealed stable binding of miR-378 to the DEX-GR complex, suggesting direct regulation. These substantial, novel, in-depth data reveal that GCs favor autophagy-mediated cancer progression by inducing miR-378 and GR binding and implicate GR and miR-378 as new therapeutic targets.
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20
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Shaghaghi Z, Alvandi M, Farzipour S, Dehbanpour MR, Nosrati S. A review of effects of atorvastatin in cancer therapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:27. [PMID: 36459301 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to manage. A sizeable number of researches are done each year to find better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. At the present time, a package of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is available to cope with cancer cells. Regarding chemo-radiation therapy, low effectiveness and normal tissue toxicity are like barriers against optimal response. To remedy the situation, some agents have been proposed as adjuvants to improve tumor responses. Statins, the known substances for reducing lipid, have shown a considerable capability for cancer treatment. Among them, atorvastatin as a reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitor might affect proliferation, migration, and survival of cancer cells. Since finding an appropriate adjutant is of great importance, numerous studies have been conducted to precisely unveil antitumor effects of atorvastatin and its associated pathways. In this review, we aim to comprehensively review the most highlighted studies which focus on the use of atorvastatin in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Dehbanpour
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Nosrati
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Hu D, Huo Y, Xue Y, Feng H, Sun W, Wang H, Wu J, Wang X. Clinical application of autophagy proteins as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3537-3549. [PMID: 36189673 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of autophagy proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Six potential autophagy proteins were analyzed (Beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B, ULK1, ATG10 and p62). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) of CRC patients were calculated. Results: A total of 20 studies were included. High expression of LC3B and p62 was associated with favorable OS (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40-0.80; HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96), whereas high expression of Beclin-1 (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.05-2.06) and ULK1 (HR: 1.92. 95% CI: 1.05-3.53) might predict worse OS in CRC patients. Conclusion: Beclin-1, LC3B and p62 might act as promising prognostic biomarkers for CRC. High LC3 and p62 expression can be reliable tools for metastasis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Hu
- Department of Healthcare Security Management, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China.,Tibetan Medicine Administration of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengguan District, Lhasa, China.,Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250011, China
| | - Yanming Huo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Ye Xue
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250011, China
| | - Haixia Feng
- Department of Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250011, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Security Management, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China.,Tibetan Medicine Administration of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengguan District, Lhasa, China
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22
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Uranbileg B, Kurano M, Kano K, Sakai E, Arita J, Hasegawa K, Nishikawa T, Ishihara S, Yamashita H, Seto Y, Ikeda H, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase facilitates cancer progression through converting sphingolipids to glycerophospholipids. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1056. [PMID: 36125914 PMCID: PMC9488530 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to potent agonist properties for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, intracellularly, S1P is an intermediate in metabolic conversion pathway from sphingolipids to glycerolysophospholipids (glyceroLPLs). We hypothesized that this S1P metabolism and its products might possess some novel roles in the pathogenesis of cancer, where S1P lyase (SPL) is a key enzyme. METHODS The mRNA levels of sphingolipid-related and other cancer-related factors were measured in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer patients' tumours and in their adjacent non-tumour tissues. Phospholipids (PL) and glyceroLPLs were measured by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In-vitro experiments were performed in Colon 26 cell line with modulation of the SPL and GPR55 expressions. Xenograft model was used for determination of the cancer progression and for pharmacological influence. RESULTS Besides high SPL levels in human HCC and colon cancer, SPL levels were specifically and positively linked with levels of glyceroLPLs, including lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). Overexpression of SPL in Colon 26 cells resulted in elevated levels of LPI and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), which are agonists of GPR55. SPL overexpression-enhanced cell proliferation was inhibited by GPR55 silencing. Conversely, inhibition of SPL led to the opposite outcome and reversed by adding LPI, LPG, and metabolites generated during S1P degradation, which is regulated by SPL. The xenograft model results suggested the contribution of SPL and glyceroLPLs to tumour progression depending on levels of SPL and GPR55. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of SPL prevented the progression of cancer. The underlying mechanisms for the SPL-mediated cancer progression are the activation of p38 and mitochondrial function through the LPI, LPG-GPR55 axis and the suppression of autophagy in a GPR55-independent manner. CONCLUSION A new metabolic pathway has been proposed here in HCC and colon cancer, SPL converts S1P to glyceroLPLs, mainly to LPI and LPG, and facilitates cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Surgical Oncology and Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Surgical Oncology and Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Yamashita
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Chan Wah Hak CML, Rullan A, Patin EC, Pedersen M, Melcher AA, Harrington KJ. Enhancing anti-tumour innate immunity by targeting the DNA damage response and pattern recognition receptors in combination with radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971959. [PMID: 36106115 PMCID: PMC9465159 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective and frequently used treatments for a wide range of cancers. In addition to its direct anti-cancer cytotoxic effects, ionising radiation can augment the anti-tumour immune response by triggering pro-inflammatory signals, DNA damage-induced immunogenic cell death and innate immune activation. Anti-tumour innate immunity can result from recruitment and stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) which leads to tumour-specific adaptive T-cell priming and immunostimulatory cell infiltration. Conversely, radiotherapy can also induce immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory mediators that can confer radioresistance. Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) concomitantly with radiotherapy is an attractive strategy for overcoming radioresistance, both by enhancing the radiosensitivity of tumour relative to normal tissues, and tipping the scales in favour of an immunostimulatory tumour microenvironment. This two-pronged approach exploits genomic instability to circumvent immune evasion, targeting both hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we describe targetable DDR proteins (PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase); ATM/ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related), DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit) and Wee1 (Wee1-like protein kinase) and their potential intersections with druggable immunomodulatory signalling pathways, including nucleic acid-sensing mechanisms (Toll-like receptors (TLR); cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors), and how these might be exploited to enhance radiation therapy. We summarise current preclinical advances, recent and ongoing clinical trials and the challenges of therapeutic combinations with existing treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Rullan
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel C. Patin
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan A. Melcher
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Tumor cell dormancy: Molecular mechanisms, and pharmacological approaches to target dormant cells for countering tumor. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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The cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis in breast carcinoma: implications for novel therapies? Biochem J 2022; 479:1581-1608. [PMID: 35904454 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women worldwide. Resistance to drugs and recurrence of the disease are two leading causes of failure in treatment. For a more efficient treatment of patients, the development of novel therapeutic regimes is needed. Recent studies indicate that modulation of autophagy in concert with apoptosis induction may provide a promising novel strategy in breast cancer treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy are two tightly regulated distinct cellular processes. To maintain tissue homeostasis abnormal cells are disposed largely by means of apoptosis. Autophagy, however, contributes to tissue homeostasis and cell fitness by scavenging of damaged organelles, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Defects in autophagy promote tumorigenesis, whereas upon tumor formation rapidly proliferating cancer cells may rely on autophagy to survive. Given that evasion of apoptosis is one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells, inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis can negatively influence cancer cell survival and increase cell death. Hence, combination of antiautophagic agents with the enhancement of apoptosis may restore apoptosis and provide a therapeutic advantage against breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis and the diverse facets of autophagy in breast cancer cells leading to novel models for more effective therapeutic strategies.
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26
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Eberli D, Kranzbühler B, Prause L, Baumgartner V, Preda S, Sousa R, Lehner F, Salemi S. Apalutamide and autophagy inhibition in a xenograft mouse model of human prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3351-3360. [PMID: 35751683 PMCID: PMC9587065 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Apalutamide (APA) is a next-generation androgen receptor antagonist for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. We have previously shown that upregulation of autophagy is one of the mechanisms by which prostate cancer (PC) cells survive APA anti-tumor treatment in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of the autophagic response to APA treatment, alone and in combination with autophagy inhibition, in an in vivo model. Methods Tumor cells were injected into previously castrated nude mice. Four groups of mice bearing LNCaP xenografts were treated with daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of vehicle (control), APA (10 mg/kg), APA (10 mg/kg) + Chl (Chloroquine, 10 mg/kg) or Chl (10 mg/kg). The animals of each treatment group (3/treatment) were kept for the duration of 2 and 3 weeks. At the end of the experiments, the animals were sacrificed and all samples assessed for tumor weight and size, histological analysis, immunoblotting (WES) and immunofluorescence. Results The tumor weight was significantly reduced in mice treated with APA + Chl (203.2 ± 5.0, SEM, P = 0.0066) compared to vehicle control (380.4 ± 37.0). Importantly, the combined treatment showed a higher impact on tumor weight than APA (320.4 ± 45.5) or Chl (337.9 ± 35) alone. The mice treated with the combination of APA + Chl exhibited a reduced expression of ATG5 (autophagy-related five protein), Beclin 1 and LC3 punctuations and an increase in P62 as visualized by immunofluorescence and WES. In addition, Ki-67 nuclear staining was detected in all samples however reduced in APA + Chl (58%) compared to vehicle control (100%). The reduction in Ki-67 protein was associated with an increase in caspase 3 and endothelial CD31 protein expression. Conclusion These data demonstrate that a treatment with APA + Chl leads to reduced autophagy levels and to tumor suppression compared to the APA monotherapy. Hence, the increased antitumor effect of APA in combination with autophagy inhibitors might provide a new therapeutic approach potentially translatable to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Kranzbühler
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Prause
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Baumgartner
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sheryl Preda
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Sousa
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Lehner
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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27
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Azizidoost S, Ghaedrahmati F, Anbiyaee O, Ahmad Ali R, Cheraghzadeh M, Farzaneh M. Emerging roles for lncRNA-NEAT1 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35676702 PMCID: PMC9178824 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer death in the world that arises from the glandular and epithelial cells of the large intestine, during a series of genetic or epigenetic alternations. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has opened a separate window of research in molecular and translational medicine. Emerging evidence has supported that lncRNAs can regulate cell cycle of CRC cells. LncRNA NEAT1 has been verified to participate in colon cancer development and progression. NEAT1 as a competing endogenous RNA could suppress the expression of miRNAs, and then regulate molecules downstream of these miRNAs. In this review, we summarized emerging roles of NEAT1 in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Nemazi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Riyadh Ahmad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Maryam Cheraghzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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28
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Synthesis of diaryl urea derivatives and evaluation of their antiproliferative activities in colon adenocarcinoma. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Yang YF, Wang CM, Hsiao IH, Liu YL, Lin WH, Lin CL, Hung HC, Liu GY. Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 promotes T helper 17-like T cell activation and activated T cell-autonomous death (ACAD) through an endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy coupling mechanism. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:19. [PMID: 35236296 PMCID: PMC8903576 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptididylarginine deiminase type 2 (PADI2) catalyzes the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues on proteins. We demonstrate that PADI2 induces T cell activation and investigate how PADI2 promotes activated T cell autonomous death (ACAD). In activated Jurkat T cells, overexpression of PADI2 significantly increases citrullinated proteins and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, ultimately resulting in the expression of autophagy-related proteins and autophagy. PADI2 promoted autophagy and resulted in the early degradation of p62 and the light chain 3B (LC3B)-II accumulation. In Jurkat T cells, silencing the autophagy-related gene (Atg) 12 protein inhibits PADI2-mediated autophagy and promotes ER stress and apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Atg12 decreased ER stress and prolonged autophagy to promote cell survival. Additionally, PADI2 regulates T cell activation and the production of Th17 cytokines in Jurkat T cells (interleukins 6, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22). In Jurkat T cells, silencing IL-6 promotes autophagy mediated by PADI2 and inhibits PADI2-induced apoptosis, whereas silencing Beclin-1 increases the activation and survival of Th17-like T cells while decreasing autophagy and apoptosis. PADI2 silencing alleviates ER stress caused by PADI2 and decreases cytokine expression associated with Th17-like T cell activation and ACAD. We propose that PADI2 was involved in Th17 lymphocyte ACAD via a mechanism involving ER stress and autophagy that was tightly regulated by PADI2-mediated citrullination. These findings suggest that inhibiting Th17 T cell activation and the development of severe autoimmune diseases may be possible through the use of novel antagonists that specifically target PADI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Ming Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital (CYCH), Chia-Yi, 60002, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, NCHU, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
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30
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Fluvastatin sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells toward radiation therapy and suppresses radiation- and/or TGF-β-induced tumor-associated fibrosis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:298-311. [PMID: 34773069 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a major cause of clinical concern for various malignancies, including PC. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing and anti-RIF potential of fluvastatin in PC. Short-term viability and clonogenic survival assays were used to evaluate the radiosensitizing potential of fluvastatin in multiple human and murine PC cell lines. The expression of different proteins was analyzed to understand the mechanisms of fluvastatin-mediated radiosensitization of PC cells and its anti-RIF effects in both mouse and human pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Finally, these effects of fluvastatin and/or radiation were assessed in an immune-competent syngeneic murine model of PC. Fluvastatin radiosensitized multiple PC cell lines, as well as radioresistant cell lines in vitro, by inhibiting radiation-induced DNA damage repair response. Nonmalignant cells, such as PSCs and NIH3T3 cells, were less sensitive to fluvastatin-mediated radiosensitization than PC cells. Interestingly, fluvastatin suppressed radiation and/or TGF-β-induced activation of PSCs, as well as the fibrogenic properties of these cells in vitro. Fluvastatin considerably augmented the antitumor effect of external radiation therapy and also suppressed intra-tumor RIF in vivo. These findings suggested that along with radiation, fluvastatin co-treatment may be a potential therapeutic approach against PC.
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Bradley ST, Lee YS, Gurel Z, Kimple RJ. Autophagy awakens-the myriad roles of autophagy in head and neck cancer development and therapeutic response. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:243-253. [PMID: 34780672 PMCID: PMC8799495 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cell survival mechanism that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to generate cellular energy during times of stress. Recycling of these cellular components occurs in a series of sequential steps with multiple regulatory points. Mechanistic dysfunction can lead to a variety of human diseases and cancers due to the complexity of autophagy and its ability to regulate vital cellular functions. The role that autophagy plays in both the development and treatment of cancer is highly complex, especially given the fact that most cancer therapies modulate autophagy. This review aims to discuss the balance of autophagy in the development, progression, and treatment of head and neck cancer, as well as highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of what is still unknown about autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha T Bradley
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yong-Syu Lee
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zafer Gurel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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32
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Zadeh FA, Raji A, Ali SAJ, Abdelbasset WK, Alekhina N, Iswanto AH, Terefe EM, Jalil AT. Autophagy-related chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Dong Q, Wang D, Li L, Wang J, Li Q, Duan L, Yin H, Wang X, Liu Y, Yuan G, Pan Y. Biochanin A Sensitizes Glioblastoma to Temozolomide by Inhibiting Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1262-1272. [PMID: 34981417 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy is the main reason for treatment failure in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we investigated biochanin A (BCA) a potent sensitizer of TMZ in GBM. We observed that BCA significantly enhanced cell sensitivity to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the specific chemosensitizing effect of BCA is mediated by autophagy inhibition. Moreover, by performing a molecular docking analysis, we demonstrated that BCA interacts with AMPK residues and impairs autophagy by regulating the AMPK/ULK1 pathway. These results suggest that BCA is a potential therapeutic agent that sensitizes GBM to TMZ and provide new insight into its therapeutic potential in chemoresistant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Degui Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yawen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Takhsha FS, Vangestel C, Tanc M, De Bruycker S, Berg M, Pintelon I, Stroobants S, De Meyer GRY, Van Der Veken P, Martinet W. ATG4B Inhibitor UAMC-2526 Potentiates the Chemotherapeutic Effect of Gemcitabine in a Panc02 Mouse Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:750259. [PMID: 34868951 PMCID: PMC8637338 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.750259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance against anti-cancer therapy is one of the major challenges during treatment of multiple cancers. Gemcitabine is a standard first-line chemotherapeutic drug, yet autophagy is highly activated in the hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors and enhances the survival of tumor cells against gemcitabine chemotherapy. Recently, we showed the add-on effect of autophagy inhibitor UAMC-2526 to prevent HT-29 colorectal tumor growth in CD1-/- Foxn1nu mice treated with oxaliplatin. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of UAMC-2526 in a syngeneic Panc02 mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our data showed that UAMC-2526 combined with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumor growth as compared to the individual treatments. However, in contrast to in vitro experiments with Panc02 cells in culture, we were unable to detect autophagy inhibition by UAMC-2526 in Panc02 tumor tissue, neither via western blot analysis of autophagy markers LC3 and p62, nor by transmission electron microscopy. In vitro experiments revealed that UAMC-2526 enhances the potential of gemcitabine to inhibit Panc02 cell proliferation without obvious induction of cell death. Altogether, we conclude that although the combination treatment of UAMC-2526 with gemcitabine did not inhibit autophagy in the Panc02 mouse model, it has a beneficial effect on tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Muhammet Tanc
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sven De Bruycker
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Science and Technology, AP University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Diehl V, Huber LS, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. The Role of Decorin and Biglycan Signaling in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:801801. [PMID: 34917515 PMCID: PMC8668865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and adaptive nature of malignant neoplasm constitute a major challenge for the development of effective anti-oncogenic therapies. Emerging evidence has uncovered the pivotal functions exerted by the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, in affecting tumor growth and progression. In their soluble forms, decorin and biglycan act as powerful signaling molecules. By receptor-mediated signal transduction, both proteoglycans modulate key processes vital for tumor initiation and progression, such as autophagy, inflammation, cell-cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Despite of their structural homology, these two proteoglycans interact with distinct cell surface receptors and thus modulate distinct signaling pathways that ultimately affect cancer development. In this review, we summarize growing evidence for the complex roles of decorin and biglycan signaling in tumor biology and address potential novel therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Diehl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Huber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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ATG 4B Serves a Crucial Role in RCE-4-Induced Inhibition of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 Complex in Cervical Cancer Ca Ski Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212302. [PMID: 34830185 PMCID: PMC8617943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RCE-4, a steroidal saponin isolated from Reineckia carnea, has been studied previously and has exhibited promising anti-cervical cancer properties by inducing programmed cell death (PCD) of Ca Ski cells. Considering the cancer cells developed various pathways to evade chemotherapy-induced PCD, there is, therefore, an urgent need to further explore the potential mechanisms underlying its actions. The present study focused on targeting the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 complex, which is known as the key regulator of PCD, to deeply elucidate the molecular mechanism of RCE-4 against cervical cancer. The effects of RCE-4 on the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 complex were investigated by using the co-immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, autophagy-related genes (ATG) were also analyzed due to their special roles in PCD. The results demonstrated that RCE-4 inhibited the formation of the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 complex in Ca Ski cells via various pathways, and ATG 4B proteins involved in this process served as a key co-factor. Furthermore, based on the above, the sensitivity of RCE-4 to Ca Ski cells was significantly enhanced by inhibiting the expression of the ATG 4B by applying the ATG 4B siRNA plasmid.
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Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Cancer Formation and Progression Is a Real Opportunity to Treat and Cure Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225622. [PMID: 34830777 PMCID: PMC8616104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The modulation of autophagy represents a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. More than one hundred clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing to explore the efficacy of autophagy modulators to reduce the tumor growth and potentiate the anti-cancer effects of conventional therapy. Despite this, the effective role of autophagy during tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis remains not well understood. Depending on the cancer type and stage of cancer, autophagy may have tumor suppressor properties as well as help cancer cells to proliferate and evade cancer therapy. The current review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the autophagy implications in cancer and report the therapeutic opportunities based on the modulation of the autophagy process. Abstract The malignant transformation of a cell produces the accumulation of several cellular adaptions. These changes determine variations in biological processes that are necessary for a cancerous cell to survive during stressful conditions. Autophagy is the main nutrient recycling and metabolic adaptor mechanism in eukaryotic cells, represents a continuous source of energy and biomolecules, and is fundamental to preserve the correct cellular homeostasis during unfavorable conditions. In recent decades, several findings demonstrate a close relationship between autophagy, malignant transformation, and cancer progression. The evidence suggests that autophagy in the cancer context has a bipolar role (it may act as a tumor suppressor and as a mechanism of cell survival for established tumors) and demonstrates that the targeting of autophagy may represent novel therapeutic opportunities. Accordingly, the modulation of autophagy has important clinical benefits in patients affected by diverse cancer types. Currently, about 30 clinical trials are actively investigating the efficacy of autophagy modulators to enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways regulating autophagy in the cancer context will provide new ways to target autophagy for improving the therapeutic benefits. Herein, we describe how autophagy participates during malignant transformation and cancer progression, and we report the ultimate efforts to translate this knowledge into specific therapeutic approaches to treat and cure human cancers.
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Inhibition of autophagy enhances apoptosis induced by Ce6-photodynamic therapy in human colon cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102605. [PMID: 34715368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Chlorin e6 photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) in human colorectal cancer cells and investigate the role of autophagy in Ce6-PDT. METHODS SW480 cells underwent Ce6-PDT with and without pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA). Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using an Annexin V assay, using a rhodamine 123 (RH123) assay to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and by measuring Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein expression using western blotting. Autophagy was evaluated by directly visualizing acridine orange-stained acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) using fluorescent microscopy and by measuring LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱand Atg5 expression using western blotting. RESULTS Ce6-PDT decreased SW480 viability in a dose-dependent manner. Ce6-PDT induced apoptosis in SW480 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway as indicated by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased Annexin V staining, and increased Caspase-3 expression. Ce6-PDT was also shown to induce autophagy as demonstrated by increased acridine-orange stained AVOs as well as increased expression of the autophagy-associated proteins Atg5. Inhibition of autophagy with 3MA potentiated SW480 cell response to Ce6-PDT and increased the rate of apoptosis in the treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Ce6-PDT induces autophagy and apoptosis of SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of autophagy increases the apoptosis induced by Ce6-PDT. Modulation of autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer cells treated with Ce6-PDT.
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Cao J, Bhatnagar S, Wang J, Qi X, Prabha S, Panyam J. Cancer stem cells and strategies for targeted drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1779-1805. [PMID: 33095384 PMCID: PMC8062588 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small proportion of cancer cells with high tumorigenic activity, self-renewal ability, and multilineage differentiation potential. Standard anti-tumor therapies including conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and molecularly targeted therapies are not effective against CSCs, and often lead to enrichment of CSCs that can result in tumor relapse. Therefore, it is hypothesized that targeting CSCs is key to increasing the efficacy of cancer therapies. In this review, CSC properties including CSC markers, their role in tumor growth, invasiveness, metastasis, and drug resistance, as well as CSC microenvironment are discussed. Further, CSC-targeted strategies including the use of targeted drug delivery systems are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shubhmita Bhatnagar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xueyong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Swayam Prabha
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Cancer Research & Molecular Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Won M, Choi S, Cheon S, Kim EM, Kwon TK, Kim J, Kim YE, Sohn KC, Hur GM, Kim KK. Octyl syringate is preferentially cytotoxic to cancer cells via lysosomal membrane permeabilization and autophagic flux inhibition. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:183-199. [PMID: 34523043 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy-mediated lysosomal pathway plays an important role in conferring stress tolerance to tumor cells during cellular stress such as increased metabolic demands. Thus, targeted disruption of this function and inducing lysosomal cell death have been proved to be a useful cancer therapeutic approach. In this study, we reported that octyl syringate (OS), a novel phenolic derivate, was preferentially cytotoxic to various cancer cells but was significantly less cytotoxic to non-transformed cells. Treatment with OS resulted in non-apoptotic cell death in a caspase-independent manner. Notably, OS not only enhanced accumulation of autophagic substrates, including lapidated LC3 and sequestosome-1, but also inhibited their degradation via an autophagic flux. In addition, OS destabilized the lysosomal function, followed by the intracellular accumulation of the non-digestive autophagic substrates such as bovine serum albumin and stress granules. Furthermore, OS triggered the release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm that contributed to OS-induced non-apoptotic cell death. Finally, we demonstrated that OS was well tolerated and reduced tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Taken together, our study identifies OS as a novel anticancer agent that induces lysosomal destabilization and subsequently inhibits autophagic flux and further supports development of OS as a lysosome-targeting compound in cancer therapy. • Octyl syringate, a phenolic derivate, is preferentially cytotoxic to various cancer cells. • Octyl syringate destabilizes the lysosomal function. • Octyl syringate blocks the autophagic flux. • Octyl syringate is a potential candidate compound for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou C, Huang Y, Wu J, Wei Y, Chen X, Lin Z, Nie S. A narrative review of multiple mechanisms of progranulin in cancer: a potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:4207-4216. [PMID: 35116716 PMCID: PMC8798827 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is an autocrine growth factor and has important effects on regulation of cell growth, motility, tissue repair and embryonic development. Recent years, several researches found the expression of PGRN was at higher levels in a number of cancer cells and its high levels are associated with poor outcome of patients. More and more studies investigated the role of PGRN in cancer and found PGRN exerted various biological functions in cancer cells, such as promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, inducing migration and invasion of cells, accelerating angiogenesis and enhancing the effectiveness of chemoresistance and radiation. Now the effects of PGRN have been demonstrated in several cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. In addition, several signaling pathways and molecules are involved in the effects of PGRN on cancer cells, including Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclin D1. Therefore, PGRN is probably a significant diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer and may be a potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Here, we reviewed the advancing field of PGRN in cancer as well as several signaling pathways activated by PGRN and confirmed PGRN is a key role in cancer. Moreover, future studies are still necessary to elucidate the biological functions and signaling pathways of PGRN in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingmi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiting Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaosheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiqing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Sheng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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Zhu Y, Zuo W, Shen X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Xiong Y, Cao H, Wang Y, Liang Z. NF-κB is involved in the regulation of autophagy in mutant p53 cells in response to ionizing radiation. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:159. [PMID: 34226514 PMCID: PMC8257568 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and ionizing radiation (IR) can induce autophagy in tumor cells. Here, we report that the level of autophagy in tumor cells was related to the background of p53 gene that NF-κB acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in mutant p53 (p53-R273H) cells, and that acetylation was involved in the IR-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. We found that autophagy-related proteins were highly expressed in wild-type p53 (wt-p53) cells and that IR increased their levels further. p53-R273H cells exhibited low levels of autophagy; there was no change following IR treatment. The nuclear translocation of p65 was upregulated in p53-R273H cells following IR; when p65 was competitively inhibited from entering the nucleus with SN50, the level of autophagy increased. The nuclear translocation of p65 was mediated by p300; this factor also regulates the nuclear behavior of NF-κB. The knockdown of p300 in p53-R273H cells led to an inhibition of p65 expression and an increase in autophagy. In addition, the inhibition of p300 or p65 not only activated autophagy, it also induced radiosensitivity in p53-R273H cells. The relationship between the p53 gene, NF-κB, and autophagy was further analyzed in a mouse model of xenograft tumors and in clinical tumor pathological specimens; the results were consistent with the in vitro experiments. Our findings indicate that autophagy may be regulated by NF-κB in p53-R273H cells. These findings may help to improve the therapeutic strategy adopted for tumors related to the mutant p53-R273H gene; such therapy would aim to target NF-κB to induce autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yajie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhongqin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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43
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Li L, Liu WL, Su L, Lu ZC, He XS. The Role of Autophagy in Cancer Radiotherapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:31-40. [PMID: 31400274 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190809154518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, a pathway for lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation, is a catabolic process that recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolism and survival. It is classified into three major types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Autophagy is a dynamic and multistep process that includes four stages: nucleation, elongation, autophagosome formation, and fusion. Interestingly, the influence of autophagy in cancer development is complex and paradoxical, suppressive, or promotive in different contexts. Autophagy in cancer has been demonstrated to serve as both a tumour suppressor and promoter. Radiotherapy is a powerful and common strategy for many different types of cancer and can induce autophagy, which has been shown to modulate sensitivity of cancer to radiotherapy. However, the role of autophagy in radiation treatment is controversial. Some reports showed that the upregulation of autophagy was cytoprotective for cancer cells. Others, in contrast, showed that the induction of autophagy was advantageous. Here, we reviewed recent studies and attempted to discuss the various aspects of autophagy in response to radiotherapy of cancer. Thus, we could decrease the viability of cancer cell and increase the sensibility of cancer cells to radiation, providing a new basis for the application of autophagy in clinical tumor radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ling Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Cheng Lu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Sheng He
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
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The P2X7 Receptor in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells, Chemoresistance and Metastasis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:288-300. [PMID: 31813120 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the worst prognosis predictor in the clinical course of cancer development. Features of metastatic cancer cells include migratory ability, low degree of differentiation, self-renewal and proliferation potentials, as well as resistance to therapies. Metastatic cells do not present all of the necessary characteristics at once. Indeed, they have a unique phenotypic plasticity, allowing the acquisition of features that make them successful in all steps of metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSC), the most undifferentiated cells in the tumor mass, display highest metastatic potential and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Growing tumors exhibit marked upregulation of P2X7 receptor expression and secrete ATP. Since the P2X7 receptor plays an important role in the maintenance of undifferentiated state of pluripotent cells, its importance on cell fate regulation in the tumor mass is suggested. Considering the extensive crosstalk between CSCs, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance and metastasis, current knowledge implicating P2X7 receptor function in these phenomena and new avenues for therapeutic strategies to control metastasis are reviewed.
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Chen J, Na R, Xiao C, Wang X, Wang Y, Yan D, Song G, Liu X, Chen J, Lu H, Chen C, Tang H, Zhuang G, Fan G, Peng Z. The loss of SHMT2 mediates 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by upregulating autophagy. Oncogene 2021; 40:3974-3988. [PMID: 33990700 PMCID: PMC8195740 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) but is hampered by chemoresistance. Despite its impact on patient survival, the mechanism underlying chemoresistance against 5-FU remains poorly understood. Here, we identified serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) as a critical regulator of 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC. SHMT2 inhibits autophagy by binding cytosolic p53 instead of metabolism. SHMT2 prevents cytosolic p53 degradation by inhibiting the binding of p53 and HDM2. Under 5-FU treatment, SHMT2 depletion promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis. Autophagy inhibitors decrease low SHMT2-induced 5-FU resistance in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the lethality of 5-FU treatment to CRC cells was enhanced by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in patient-derived and CRC cell xenograft models. Taken together, our findings indicate that autophagy induced by low SHMT2 levels mediates 5-FU resistance in CRC. These results reveal the SHMT2-p53 interaction as a novel therapeutic target and provide a potential opportunity to reduce chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Risi Na
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Hua Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Department of General Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guangjian Fan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Sheng X, Zhu P, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Li H, Zhao H, Qin J. Effect of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway on Regulating and Controlling the Anti-Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatoma Cells by Bufalin. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:54-65. [PMID: 33530915 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210201120324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays a "double-edged sword" in the process of tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the effect of PI3K/AKT/mTOR autophagy-related signaling pathway on regulating and controlling the invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells by Bufalin. METHODS The cell counting, migration, adhesion and invasion assay were used to evaluate the effect of Bufalin on cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The protein expression of PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signaling pathway were detected by the Western Blotting technique. RESULTS After inhibiting autophagy of HCC-LM3 cells, the inhibitory effect of Bufalin on adhesion, migration and invasion of HCC-LM3 cells was significantly enhanced. Synergistic inhibition was strongest when different autophagy inhibitors were combined with 3MA and CQ. After inhibiting autophagy, Bufalin significantly inhibited the protein expression of P-AKT, Cyclin D1, MMP- 2, MMP-9 and VEGF in HCC-LM3 cells. The protein expression of PTEN and E-Cadherin in HCC-LM3 cells was significantly increased. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the anti-tumor effect of Bufalin mainly inhibit proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis of HCC by influencing autophagy. These findings confirm the capability of Bufalin in inhibiting metastasis of HCC and in parallel to current patents, could be applied as a novel therapeutic strategy in the prevention of metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated to Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Xinsong Rd. 170, Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Naval Medical University, North Moyu Rd. 700, Jiangding District, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Naval Medical University, North Moyu Rd. 700, Jiangding District, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Naval Medical University, North Moyu Rd. 700, Jiangding District, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Haijia Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Naval Medical University, North Moyu Rd. 700, Jiangding District, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Naval Medical University, North Moyu Rd. 700, Jiangding District, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Jianmin Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Naval Medical University, North Moyu Rd. 700, Jiangding District, Shanghai 201805, China
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Fei N, Wen S, Ramanathan R, Hogg ME, Zureikat AH, Lotze MT, Bahary N, Singhi AD, Zeh HJ, Boone BA. SMAD4 loss is associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus hydroxychloroquine in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1822-1829. [PMID: 34002944 PMCID: PMC8504806 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4, a tumor suppressor gene, is lost in up to 60%–90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAs). Loss of SMAD4 allows tumor progression by upregulating autophagy, a cell survival mechanism that counteracts apoptosis and allows intracellular recycling of macromolecules. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an autophagy inhibitor. We studied whether HCQ treatment in SMAD4 deficient PDA may prevent therapeutic resistance induced by autophagy upregulation. We retrospectively analyzed the SMAD4 status of patients with PDA enrolled in two prospective clinical trials evaluating pre‐operative HCQ. The first dose escalation trial demonstrated the safety of preoperative gemcitabine with HCQ (NCT01128296). More recently, a randomized trial of gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel +/− HCQ evaluated Evans Grade histopathologic response (NCT01978184). The effect of SMAD4 loss on response to HCQ and chemotherapy was studied for association with clinical outcome. Fisher’s exact test and log‐rank test were used to assess response and survival. Fifty‐two patients receiving HCQ with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were studied. Twenty‐five patients had SMAD4 loss (48%). 76% of HCQ‐treated patients with SMAD4 loss obtained a histopathologic response greater than or equal to 2A, compared with only 37% with SMAD4 intact (p = 0.006). Although loss of SMAD4 has been associated with worse outcomes, in the current study, loss of SMAD4 was not associated with a detriment in median overall survival in HCQ‐treated patients (34.43 months in SMAD4 loss vs. 27.27 months in SMAD4 intact, p = 0.18). The addition of HCQ to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PDA may improve treatment response in those with SMAD4 loss. Further study of the relationship among SMAD4, autophagy, and treatment outcomes in PDA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Department of Surgery, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Melissa E Hogg
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Northshore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amer H Zureikat
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Bahary
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Brian A Boone
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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48
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Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Zarebkohan A, Shams Z, Radnia F, Bahmanpour Z, Sargazi S, Saravani R, Shirvalilou S, Shahraki O, Shahraki S, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R. An Updated Review on Implications of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Tumorigenesis: Possible Alterations in Autophagy through Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Importance in Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:119-143. [PMID: 33990406 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most commonly recognized as a catabolic pathway, autophagy is a perplexing mechanism through which a living cell can free itself of excess cytoplasmic components, i.e., organelles, by means of certain membranous vesicles or lysosomes filled with degrading enzymes. Upon exposure to external insult or internal stimuli, the cell might opt to activate such a pathway, through which it can gain control over the maintenance of intracellular components and thus sustain homeostasis by intercepting the formation of unnecessary structures or eliminating the already present dysfunctional or inutile organelles. Despite such appropriateness, autophagy might also be considered a frailty for the cell, as it has been said to have a rather complicated role in tumorigenesis. A merit in the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. In fact, several investigations on tumorigenesis have reported diminished levels of autophagic activity in tumor cells, which might result in transition to malignancy. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a seemingly favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies, as it contributes to survival of such cells. Based on the recent literature, this mechanism might also be activated upon the entry of engineered nanomaterials inside a cell, supposedly protecting the host from foreign materials. Accordingly, there is a good chance that therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy in malignant cells using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain treatment modalities, e.g., radiotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the signaling pathways involved in autophagy and the significance of the mechanism itself in apoptosis and tumorigenesis while shedding light on possible alterations in autophagy through engineered nanomaterials and their potential therapeutic applications in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Autophagy has been said to have a complicated role in tumorigenesis. In the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies. This mechanism might be affected upon the entry of nanomaterials inside a cell. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zinat Shams
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Fatemeh Radnia
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
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49
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Cao R, Ma B, Wang G, Xiong Y, Tian Y, Yuan L. Identification of autophagy-related genes signature predicts chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic efficiency in bladder cancer (BLCA). J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5417-5433. [PMID: 33960661 PMCID: PMC8184684 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cytoplasmic components under stress conditions, which is identified to be involved in tumorigenesis and now has been recognized as novel target in cancer treatment. In present study, we gathered total autophagy‐related genes and established an autophagy‐related genes signature (ATGRS) through LASSO cox regression analysis in BLCA. Kaplan‐Meier survival and multivariate cox regression analyses both showed the ATGRS was a robust independent prognostic factor with high accuracy. Subsequently, integrated analyses indicated that ATGRS had a strong correlation with molecular subtypes, clinicopathological characteristics and somatic mutation alteration. Moreover, ATGRS was found to be positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells in tumour microenvironment (TME) and immune checkpoint expression, indicating the potent role of autophagy by regulating the TME. In addition, ATGRS was proved to be efficient in predicting the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based immunotherapy and chemotherapy in BLCA. Furthermore, we observed abnormal expression levels of autophagy‐related genes and found the different behaviour of ATGRS in pancancer by LASSO cox regression analysis. Therefore, construction of ATGRS in BLCA could help us to interpret the underlying mechanism of autophagy and sheds a light on the clinical application for a combination of autophagy modification with targeted immunotherapy and chemotherapy in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lushun Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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50
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Stepka P, Vsiansky V, Raudenska M, Gumulec J, Adam V, Masarik M. Metabolic and Amino Acid Alterations of the Tumor Microenvironment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1270-1289. [PMID: 32031065 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200207114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes driven by the hostile tumor microenvironment surrounding cancer cells and the effect of these changes on tumorigenesis and metastatic potential have been known for a long time. The usual point of interest is glucose and changes in its utilization by cancer cells, mainly in the form of the Warburg effect. However, amino acids, both intra- and extracellular, also represent an important aspect of tumour microenvironment, which can have a significant effect on cancer cell metabolism and overall development of the tumor. Namely, alterations in the metabolism of amino acids glutamine, sarcosine, aspartate, methionine and cysteine have been previously connected to the tumor progression and aggressivity of cancer. The aim of this review is to pinpoint current gaps in our knowledge of the role of amino acids as a part of the tumor microenvironment and to show the effect of various amino acids on cancer cell metabolism and metastatic potential. This review shows limitations and exceptions from the traditionally accepted model of Warburg effect in some cancer tissues, with the emphasis on prostate cancer, because the traditional definition of Warburg effect as a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis does not always apply. Prostatic tissue both in a healthy and transformed state significantly differs in many metabolic aspects, including the metabolisms of glucose and amino acids, from the metabolism of other tissues. Findings from different tissues are, therefore, not always interchangeable and have to be taken into account during experimentation modifying the environment of tumor tissue by amino acid supplementation or depletion, which could potentially serve as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stepka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Vsiansky
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
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