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Zeng H, Zhang S, Nie H, Li J, Yang J, Zhuang Y, Huang Y, Zeng M. Identification of FTY720 and COH29 as novel topoisomerase I catalytic inhibitors by experimental and computational studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107412. [PMID: 38696845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors is crucial for overcoming the drawbacks and limitations of current TOP1 poisons. Here, we identified two potential TOP1 inhibitors, namely, FTY720 (a sphingosine 1-phosphate antagonist) and COH29 (a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor), through experimental screening of known active compounds. Biological experiments verified that FTY720 and COH29 were nonintercalative TOP1 catalytic inhibitors that did not induce the formation of DNA-TOP1 covalent complexes. Molecular docking revealed that FTY720 and COH29 interacted favorably with TOP1. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that FTY720 and COH29 could affect the catalytic domain of TOP1, thus resulting in altered DNA-binding cavity size. The alanine scanning and interaction entropy identified Arg536 as a hotspot residue. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis predicted that FTY720 and COH29 could be effective in treating malignant breast tumors. Biological experiments verified their antitumor activities using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Their combinatory effects with TOP1 poisons were also investigated. Further, FTY720 and COH29 were found to cause less DNA damage compared with TOP1 poisons. The findings provide reliable lead compounds for the development of novel TOP1 catalytic inhibitors and offer new insights into the potential clinical applications of FTY720 and COH29 in targeting TOP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zeng
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China.
| | - Shengyuan Zhang
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Hua Nie
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiunlong Yang
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Yuanbei Zhuang
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
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Han M, Liu X, Hailati S, Nurahmat N, Dilimulati D, Baishan A, Aikebaier A, Zhou W. Evaluation of the Efficacy of OSU-2S in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Screening of Potential Targets of Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:582. [PMID: 38794152 PMCID: PMC11124116 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: OSU-2S is a derivative of FTY720 and exhibits significant inhibitory effects on various cancer cells. There is currently no research on the mechanism of the impact of OSU-2S on NSCLC development. We analysed and validated the hub genes and pharmacodynamic effects of OSU-2S to treat NSCLC. (2) Methods: The hub genes of OSU-2S for the treatment of NSCLC were screened in PharmMapper, genecard, and KM Plotter database by survival and expression analysis. The effect of OSU-2S on hub gene expression was verified by Western blot analysis. The ex vivo and in vivo efficacy of OSU-2S on tumour growth was verified using A549 cells and a xenografted animal model. (3) Results: A total of 7 marker genes for OSU-2S treatment of NSCLC were obtained. AURKA and S1PR1 were screened as hub genes. Significant differences in the expression of AURKA and S1PR1 between normal and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues were found in the GEPIA2 database; Western blot showed that OSU-2S could affect p-AURKA and S1PR1 protein expression. OSU-2S significantly inhibited tumour growth in A549 cells and xenografted animal models. (4) Conclusions: Our study confirms the inhibitory effect of OSU-2S on NSCLC, screens and demonstrates its potential targets AURKA(p-AURKA) and S1PR1, and provides a research basis for treating NSCLC with OSU-2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Medicines, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xiangran Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Sendaer Hailati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Medicines, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Nurbiya Nurahmat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Medicines, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Dilihuma Dilimulati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Medicines, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Alhar Baishan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Medicines, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Alifeiye Aikebaier
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Medicines, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Medicines, Urumqi 830017, China
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Johnson H, Narayan S, Sharma AK. Altering phosphorylation in cancer through PP2A modifiers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38184584 PMCID: PMC10770906 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase integral to the regulation of many cellular processes. Due to the deregulation of PP2A in cancer, many of these processes are turned toward promoting tumor progression. Considerable research has been undertaken to discover molecules capable of modulating PP2A activity in cancer. Because PP2A is capable of immense substrate specificity across many cellular processes, the therapeutic targeting of PP2A in cancer can be completed through either enzyme inhibitors or activators. PP2A modulators likewise tend to be effective in drug-resistant cancers and work synergistically with other known cancer therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the patterns of PP2A deregulation in cancer, and its known downstream signaling pathways important for cancer regulation, along with many activators and inhibitors of PP2A known to inhibit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Bae J, Lee K, Park JS, Jung J, Tachibana H, Fujimura Y, Kumazoe M, Lim JS, Cho YC, Lee SJ, Park SJ. Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Potentiates Epigallocatechin 3-O-Gallate-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death via Activation of the cGMP Signaling Pathway in Caco-2 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6247-6256. [PMID: 36547087 PMCID: PMC9777077 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) is a predominant component in green tea with various health benefits. The 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is a nonintegrin cell surface receptor that is overexpressed in various types of cancer; 67LR was identified a cell surface EGCG target that plays a pivotal role in tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. However, the plasma concentration of EGCG is limited, and its molecular mechanisms remain unelucidated in colon cancer. In this study, we found that the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, vardenafil (VDN), potentiates EGCG-induced apoptotic cell death in colon cancer cells. The combination of EGCG and VDN induced apoptosis via activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase Cδ signaling pathway. In conclusion, the PDE5 inhibitor, VDN, may reduce the intracellular PDE5 enzyme activity that potentiates EGCG-induced apoptotic cell death in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that PDE5 inhibitors can be used to elevate cGMP levels to induce 67LR-mediated, cancer-specific cell death. Therefore, EGCG may be employed as a therapeutic candidate for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Bae
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Lee
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Jung
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (S.-J.P.); Tel.: +82-(63)-570-5267 (S.-J.L.); +82-(63)-570-5240 (S.-J.P.)
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (S.-J.P.); Tel.: +82-(63)-570-5267 (S.-J.L.); +82-(63)-570-5240 (S.-J.P.)
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Wollny T, Wnorowska U, Piktel E, Suprewicz Ł, Król G, Głuszek K, Góźdź S, Kopczyński J, Bucki R. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Triggered Expression of Cathelicidin LL-37 Promotes the Growth of Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7443. [PMID: 35806446 PMCID: PMC9267432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that tumour growth and progression are regulated by a variety of mediators released during the inflammatory process preceding the tumour appearance, but the role of inflammation in the development of bladder cancer is ambiguous. This study was designed around the hypothesis that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as a regulator of several cellular processes important in both inflammation and cancer development, may exert some of the pro-tumorigenic effects indirectly due to its ability to regulate the expression of human cathelicidin (hCAP-18). LL-37 peptide released from hCAP-18 is involved in the development of various types of cancer in humans, especially those associated with infections. Using immunohistological staining, we showed high expression of hCAP-18/LL-37 and sphingosine kinase 1 (the enzyme that forms S1P from sphingosine) in human bladder cancer cells. In a cell culture model, S1P was able to stimulate the expression and release of hCAP-18/LL-37 from human bladder cells, and the addition of LL-37 peptide dose-dependently increased their proliferation. Additionally, the effect of S1P on LL-37 release was inhibited in the presence of FTY720P, a synthetic immunosuppressant that blocks S1P receptors. Together, this study presents the possibility of paracrine relation in which LL-37 production following cell stimulation by S1P promotes the development and growth of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (U.W.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2B, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (U.W.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Głuszek
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (U.W.); (Ł.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
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Alhamad DW, Elgendy SM, Hersi F, El-Seedi HR, Omar HA. The inhibition of autophagy by spautin boosts the anticancer activity of fingolimod in multidrug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2022; 304:120699. [PMID: 35690108 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of autophagy to drug resistance has been studied in several cancers. However, there is no clear evidence about the role of autophagy in the resistance to chemotherapy in cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is characterized by a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Moreover, the emergence of multidrug-resistance (MDR) hinders successful treatment. Therefore, understanding how autophagy is regulated in resistant HCC is essential for sensitizing this malignancy to chemotherapy. This work demonstrated that basal and induced autophagy differ between parental and resistant Hep3B cells. In optimum growth conditions, the basal level of autophagy was low in resistant Hep3B (Hep3B-R) cells compared to the wild-type Hep3B (Hep3B-P) cells. However, in metabolic or therapeutic stress conditions, the rate of autophagy flux was much faster in the resistant cells. The work also confirmed the pro-survival function of autophagy in HCC. Besides, it demonstrated that the autophagy inhibitor, spautin, acted synergistically with fingolimod (FTY720) to promote cell death. The combination treatment resulted in superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and significant induction of apoptosis. In addition, spautin potentiated the effect of FTY720 against cell survival pathways like the Akt and ERK. Interestingly, the results indicated that Hep3B-R cells were more sensitive to autophagy inhibition than their parental counterparts. Collectively, this work revealed that combining spautin with chemotherapeutic agents that induce cytoprotective autophagy such as FTY720 is a promising approach to overcome MDR in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima W Alhamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara M Elgendy
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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A multi-hit therapeutic nanoplatform for hepatocellular carcinoma: Dual stimuli-responsive drug release, dual-modal imaging, and in situ oxygen supply to enhance synergistic therapy. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100338. [PMID: 35847375 PMCID: PMC9278082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been widely studied for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). How to synthesize a nanoplatform possessing a high synergistic therapeutic efficacy remains a challenge in this emerging research field. In this study, a convenient all-in-one therapeutic nanoplatform (FTY720@AM/T7-TL) is designed for HCC. This advanced nanoplatform consists of multiple functional elements, including gold-manganese dioxide nanoparticles (AM), tetraphenylethylene (T), fingolimod (FTY720), hybrid-liposome (L), and T7 peptides (T7). The nanoplatform is negatively charged at physiological pH and can transit to a positively charged state once moving to acidic pH environments. The specially designed pH-responsive charge-reversal nanocarrier prolongs the half-life of nanodrugs in blood and improves cellular uptake efficiency. The platform achieves a sustained and controllable drug release through dual stimulus-response, with pH as the endogenous stimulus and near-infrared as the exogenous stimulus. Furthermore, the nanoplatform realizes in situ O2 generation by catalyzing tumor over-expressed H2O2, which alleviates tumor microenvironment hypoxia and improves photodynamic therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show the prepared nanoplatform has good photothermal conversion, cellular uptake efficiency, fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging capabilities, and synergistic anti-tumor effects. These results suggest that the prepared all-in-one nanoplatform has great potential for dual-modal imaging-guided synergistic therapy of HCC.
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Duan M, Gao P, Chen SX, Novák P, Yin K, Zhu X. Sphingosine-1-phosphate in mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13426. [PMID: 35122459 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite. The past decade has witnessed exponential growth in the field of S1P research, partly attributed to drugs targeting its receptors or kinases. Accumulating evidence indicates that changes in the S1P axis (i.e., S1P production, transport, and receptors) may modify metabolism and eventually mediate metabolic diseases. Dysfunction of the mitochondria on a master monitor of cellular metabolism is considered the leading cause of metabolic diseases, with aberrations typically induced by abnormal biogenesis, respiratory chain complex disorders, reactive oxygen species overproduction, calcium deposition, and mitophagy impairment. Accordingly, we discuss decades of investigation into changes in the S1P axis and how it controls mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we summarize recent scientific advances in disorders associated with the S1P axis and their involvement in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in humans, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, from the perspective of mitochondrial function. Finally, we review potential challenges and prospects for S1P axis application to the regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases; these data may provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Petr Novák
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Pournajaf S, Dargahi L, Javan M, Pourgholami MH. Molecular Pharmacology and Novel Potential Therapeutic Applications of Fingolimod. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807639. [PMID: 35250559 PMCID: PMC8889014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is a well-tolerated, highly effective disease-modifying therapy successfully utilized in the management of multiple sclerosis. The active metabolite, fingolimod-phosphate, acts on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) to bring about an array of pharmacological effects. While being initially recognized as a novel agent that can profoundly reduce T-cell numbers in circulation and the CNS, thereby suppressing inflammation and MS, there is now rapidly increasing knowledge on its previously unrecognized molecular and potential therapeutic effects in diverse pathological conditions. In addition to exerting inhibitory effects on sphingolipid pathway enzymes, fingolimod also inhibits histone deacetylases, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRMP7), cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), reduces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plasma levels, and activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Furthermore, fingolimod induces apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, epigenetic regulations, macrophages M1/M2 shift and enhances BDNF expression. According to recent evidence, fingolimod modulates a range of other molecular pathways deeply rooted in disease initiation or progression. Experimental reports have firmly associated the drug with potentially beneficial therapeutic effects in immunomodulatory diseases, CNS injuries, and diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and even cancer. Attractive pharmacological effects, relative safety, favorable pharmacokinetics, and positive experimental data have collectively led to its testing in clinical trials. Based on the recent reports, fingolimod may soon find its way as an adjunct therapy in various disparate pathological conditions. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about molecular pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Pournajaf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Zou X, Jiang Z, Li L, Huang Z. Selenium nanoparticles coated with pH responsive silk fibroin complex for fingolimod release and enhanced targeting in thyroid cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:83-95. [PMID: 33438446 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1871620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-targeted drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered promising therapies. In this study, we developed a pH-responsive smart NPs drug delivery system using silk fibroin (SF), selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs), fingolimod (FTY720), and heptapeptide (T7). The prepared FTY720@T7-SF-Se NPs were spheres with an average diameter of 120 nm, which would contribute to the enhanced permeability and retention effects in tumour regions. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the FTY720@T7-SF-Se NPs was 71.95 ± 3.81%. The release of FTY720 from the nanocarriers was pH-dependent, and the release of FTY720 was accelerated in an acidic environment. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that FTY720@T7-SF-Se NPs had an enhanced cellular uptake selectivity and antitumor activity for thyroid cancer. The bio-distribution study in vivo further demonstrated that FTY720@T7-SF-Se NPs could effectively accumulate in the tumour region, thereby enhancing the ability to kill cancer cells in vivo. In addition, studies of histology and immunohistochemistry showed that FTY720@T7-SF-Se NPs had low toxicity to the major organs of tumour-bearing mice, indicating the prepared NPs has good biocompatibility in vivo. These results suggest that the tumour-targeted NPs delivery system (FTY720@T7-SF-Se NPs) has great potential as a new tool for thyroid cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcai Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zonghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Inhibitors of Ceramide- and Sphingosine-Metabolizing Enzymes as Sensitizers in Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082062. [PMID: 32722626 PMCID: PMC7463798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including oral SCC, radiotherapy is a commonly performed therapeutic modality. The combined use of radiotherapy with chemotherapy improves therapeutic effects, but it also increases adverse events. Ceramide, a central molecule in sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathways, mediates antiproliferative responses, and its level increases in response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, when ceramide is metabolized, prosurvival factors, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), and glucosylceramide, are produced, reducing the antitumor effects of ceramide. The activities of ceramide- and sphingosine-metabolizing enzymes are also associated with radio- and chemo-resistance. Ceramide analogs and low molecular-weight compounds targeting these enzymes exert anticancer effects. Synthetic ceramides and a therapeutic approach using ultrasound have also been developed. Inhibitors of ceramide- and sphingosine-metabolizing enzymes and synthetic ceramides can function as sensitizers of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for HNSCC.
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12
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Melamed E, Lee MW. Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer: The Ying-Yang Effect of Disease Modifying Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2954. [PMID: 31998289 PMCID: PMC6965059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been transformed by the rapidly expanding arsenal of new disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Current DMTs for MS aim to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses toward a less inflammatory phenotype. Since the immune system is also critical for identifying and eliminating malignant cells, immunosuppression from DMTs may predictably increase the risk of cancer development in MS patients. Compared with healthy controls, patients with autoimmune conditions, such as MS, may already have a higher risk of developing certain malignancies and this risk may further be magnified by DMT treatments. For those patients who develop both MS and cancer, these comorbid presentations create a challenge for clinicians on how to therapeutically address management of cancer in the context of MS autoimmunity. As there are currently no accepted guidelines for managing MS patients with prior history of or newly developed malignancy, we undertook this review to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of current DMTs and their potential for instigating and treating cancer in patients living with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Michael William Lee
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
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13
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Wang P, Yuan Y, Lin W, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X. Roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31807117 PMCID: PMC6857321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent pleiotropic lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in numerous cellular processes, including angiogenesis and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is formed by one of two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. These enzymes largely exert their various biological and pathophysiological actions through one of five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5), with receptor activation setting in motion various signaling cascades. Considerable evidence has been accumulated on S1P signaling and its pathogenic roles in diseases, as well as on novel modulators of S1P signaling, such as SphK inhibitors and S1P agonists and antagonists. S1P and ceramide, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, are reciprocal cell fate regulators, and S1P signaling plays essential roles in several diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Thus, targeting of S1P signaling may be one way to block the pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target in these conditions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates a role for the S1P signaling pathway in the progression of cancer and its effects. In the present review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of S1P and its related proteins in cancer progression. Also described is the therapeutic potential of S1P receptors and their downstream signaling cascades as targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,2Research and Academic Department, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning China
| | - Wenda Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ke Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Xun Qi
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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14
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Zheng X, Li W, Ren L, Liu J, Pang X, Chen X, Kang D, Wang J, Du G. The sphingosine kinase-1/sphingosine-1-phosphate axis in cancer: Potential target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:85-99. [PMID: 30347210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play many important roles in cellular activities. Ceramide and sphingosine inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis while S1P has the opposite effect. Maintaining a metabolic balance of sphingolipids is essential for growth and development of cells. Sphingosine kinase (SPHK) is an important regulator for keeping this balance. It controls the level of S1P and plays important roles in proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis. There are two isoenzymes of sphingosine kinase, SPHK1 and SPHK2. SPHK1 is ubiquitously expressed in most cancers where it promotes survival and proliferation, while SPHK2 is restricted to only certain tissues and its functions are not well characterized. SPHK1 is currently considered as a novel target for the treatment of cancers. Targeting SPHK1 would provide new strategies for cancer treatment and improve the prognosis of cancer patients. Here we review and summarize the current research findings on the SPHK1-S1P axis in cancer from many aspects including structure, expression, regulation, mechanism, and potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - De Kang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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15
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Chen SY, Lee YR, Hsieh MC, Omar HA, Teng YN, Lin CY, Hung JH. Enhancing the Anticancer Activity of Antrodia cinnamomea in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Cocultivation With Ginger: The Impact on Cancer Cell Survival Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:780. [PMID: 30072899 PMCID: PMC6058215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a medicinal fungal species that has been widely used traditionally in Taiwan for the treatment of diverse health-related conditions including cancer. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to its ability to promote cancer cell death in several human tumors. Our aim was to improve the anticancer activity of AC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its cocultivation with ginger aiming at tuning the active ingredients. HCC cell lines, Huh-7 and HepG2 were used to study the in vitro anticancer activity of the ethanolic extracts of AC (EAC) alone or after the cocultivation in presence of ginger (EACG). The results indicated that the cocultivation of AC with ginger significantly induced the production of important triterpenoids and EACG was significantly more potent than EAC in targeting HCC cell lines. EACG effectively inhibited cancer cells growth via the induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis in Huh-7 and HepG2 cells as indicated by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, Annexin V assay, and the activation of caspase-3. In addition, EACG modulated cyclin proteins expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in favor of the inhibition of cancer cell survival. Taken together, the current study highlights an evidence that EACG is superior to EAC in targeting cancer cell survival and inducing apoptotic cell death in HCC. These findings support that EACG formula can serve as a potential candidate for HCC adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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16
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Fingolimod interrupts the cross talk between estrogen metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism within prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:77-85. [PMID: 29654831 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are critical regulators of tumor microenvironments and play an important role in estrogen-dependent cancers. Estrogen and estrogen metabolites were found to be involved in prostate cancer. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a sphingokinase-1 (SphK1) inhibitor with anticancer properties against various tumor cell types. Herein, we investigated the interference of FTY720 with the cross talk between sphingolipid metabolism and estrogen metabolism within prostate cancer cells. FTY720 showed cytotoxic antiproliferative effects against androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 3.0 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 1.7 μM. Exposure of prostate cancer cells to FTY720 resulted in a dramatic decrease in the concentration of estradiol, estrone, 4-hydroxyestradiol and 16α-hydroxyestrone compared to control cells. However, FTY720 significantly increased the concentration of 2-methoxyestrone and 2-methoxyestradiol within prostate cancer cells. This was mirrored by significant downregulating of the expression of estrogen and catechol estrogen-synthesizing enzymes (CYP19, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) within prostate cancer cells. On the other hand, FTY720 significantly upregulated the expression of catechol estrogen-detoxifying enzyme (COMT). Additionally, FTY720 abolished estrogen-stimulated expression of ERα and basal expression of ERβ within prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, FTY720 suppressed the expression of the ER-downstream regulated genes, CXCR4 and cyclin D1. Reciprocally, it was found that estradiol and catechol estrogens significantly induced the expression of SphK1 while methoxylated catechol estrogen suppressed its expression within prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Current research has highlighted the hazardous influence of the estrogenic component to prostate cancer. We found that fingolimod (FTY720) could modulate the estrogenic micromilieu and interrupt its cross talk with sphingolipid metabolism.
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17
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More than Just an Immunosuppressant: The Emerging Role of FTY720 as a Novel Inducer of ROS and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4397159. [PMID: 29785244 PMCID: PMC5896217 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4397159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720) is a first-in-class of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved to treat multiple sclerosis by its phosphorylated form (FTY720-P). Recently, a novel role of FTY720 as a potential anticancer drug has emerged. One of the anticancer mechanisms of FTY720 involves the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent apoptosis, which is largely independent of its property as an S1P modulator. ROS have been considered as a double-edged sword in tumor initiation/progression. Intriguingly, prooxidant therapies have attracted much attention due to its efficacy in cancer treatment. These strategies include diverse chemotherapeutic agents and molecular targeted drugs such as sulfasalazine which inhibits the CD44v-xCT (cystine transporter) axis. In this review, we introduce our recent discoveries using a chemical genomics approach to uncover a signaling network relevant to FTY720-mediated ROS signaling and apoptosis, thereby proposing new potential targets for combination therapy as a means to enhance the antitumor efficacy of FTY720 as a ROS generator. We extend our knowledge by summarizing various measures targeting the vulnerability of cancer cells' defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Future directions that may lead to the best use of FTY720 and ROS-targeted strategies as a promising cancer treatment are also discussed.
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18
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Wu JY, Wang ZX, Zhang G, Lu X, Qiang GH, Hu W, Ji AL, Wu JH, Jiang CP. Targeted co-delivery of Beclin 1 siRNA and FTY720 to hepatocellular carcinoma by calcium phosphate nanoparticles for enhanced anticancer efficacy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1265-1280. [PMID: 29551896 PMCID: PMC5842779 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s156328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose FTY720, known as fingolimod, is a new immunosuppressive agent with effective anticancer properties. Although it was recently confirmed that FTY720 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, FTY720 can also induce protective autophagy and reduce cytotoxicity. Blocking autophagy with Beclin 1 siRNA after treatment with FTY720 promotes apoptosis. The objective of this study was to enhance the anticancer effect of FTY720 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by targeted co-delivery of FTY720 and Beclin 1 siRNA using calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and methods First, the siRNA was encapsulated within the CaP core. To form an asymmetric lipid bilayer structure, we then used an anionic lipid for the inner leaflet and a cationic lipid for the outer leaflet; after removing chloroform by rotary evaporation, these lipids were dispersed in a saline solution with FTY720. The NPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. Cancer cell viability and cell death were analyzed by MTT assays, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and Western blotting. In addition, the in vivo effects of the NPs were investigated using an athymic nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation tumor model. Results When the CaP NPs, called LCP-II NPs, were loaded with FTY720 and siRNA, they exhibited the expected size and were internalized by cells. These NPs were stable in systemic circulation. Furthermore, co-delivery of FTY720 and Beclin 1 siRNA significantly increased cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo compared with that caused by treatment with the free drug alone. Conclusion The CaP NP system can be further developed for co-delivery of FTY720 and Beclin 1 siRNA to treat HCC, enhancing the anticancer efficacy of FTY720. Our findings provide a new insight into HCC treatment with co-delivered small molecules and siRNA, and these results can be readily translated into cancer clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Hui Qiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - An-Lai Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Hua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Ping Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Ren L, Li C, Wang Y, Teng Y, Sun H, Xing B, Yang X, Jiang Y, He F. In Vivo Phosphoproteome Analysis Reveals Kinome Reprogramming in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1067-1083. [PMID: 29472430 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant kinases contribute to cancer survival and proliferation. Here, we quantitatively characterized phosphoproteomic changes in an HBx-transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using high-resolution mass spectrometry, profiled 22,539 phosphorylation sites on 5431 proteins. Using a strategy to interpret kinase- substrate relations in HCC and to uncover predominant kinases in tumors, our results, revealed elevated kinase activities of Src family kinases (SFKs), PKCs, MAPKs, and ROCK2 in HCC, representatives of which were further validated in cell models and clinical HBV-positive HCC samples. Inhibitor combinations targeting Src and PKCs or ROCK2 both synergized significantly to inhibit cell growth. In addition, we demonstrated that phosphorylation at Src Ser17 directly affects its kinase activity. Our phosphoproteome data facilitated the construction of a detailed molecular landscape in HCC and should serve as a resource for the cancer community. Our strategy is generally applicable to targeted therapeutics, also highlights potential mechanisms of kinase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ren
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chaoying Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Youliang Wang
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Teng
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Huichuan Sun
- ¶Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- ‖Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University; Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100042, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Fuchu He
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China;
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20
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Li W, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang K, Li N, Tian Z, Ni B, Wang H, Ruan Z. Sphingosine kinase 1 is a potential therapeutic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80586-80598. [PMID: 27811359 PMCID: PMC5348343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) has been shown to be involved in the progression of various types of human cancers. We previously demonstrated that SPHK1 is overexpressed and associated with clinical stage, locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis and poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the biological roles involving SPHK1 and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target in NPC remain unknown. In this study, Blocking SPHK1 using siRNA or FTY720 (a SPHK1 inhibitor) significantly reduced proliferation and migration and increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NPC cells. FTY720 also decreased SPHK1 activity, and overexpressing SPHK1 abrogated the FTY720-induced effects on cell viability. In addition, FTY720 sensitized NPC cells to radiotherapy by inhibiting SPHK1 activity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, high SPHK1 expression was associated with increased Ki-67 and p-Akt and decreased caspase-3 expression in human NPC specimens. These data suggest that SPHK1 might be a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Keqian Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.,Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhihua Ruan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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21
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Funaki M, Kitabayashi J, Shimakami T, Nagata N, Sakai Y, Takegoshi K, Okada H, Murai K, Shirasaki T, Oyama T, Yamashita T, Ota T, Takuwa Y, Honda M, Kaneko S. Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing sphingosine kinase 1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16978. [PMID: 29208982 PMCID: PMC5717167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phospate is a potent bioactive lipid metabolite that regulates cancer progression. Because sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK 1/2) are both essential for sphingosine-1-phospate production, they could be a therapeutic target in various cancers. Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, inhibits post-therapeutic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma via unclear mechanisms. In this study, we assessed effects of peretinoin on SPHK expression and liver cancer development in vitro and in vivo. We examined effects of peretinoin on expression, enzymatic and promoter activity of SPHK1 in a human hepatoma cell line, Huh-7. We also investigated effects of SPHK1 on hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine using SPHK1 knockout mice. Peretinoin treatment of Huh-7 cells reduced mRNA levels, protein expression and enzymatic activity of SPHK1. Peretinoin reduced SPHK1 promoter activity; this effect of peretinoin was blocked by overexpression of Sp1, a transcription factor. Deletion of all Sp1 binding sites within the SPHK1 promoter region abolished SPHK1 promoter activity, suggesting that peretinoin reduced mRNA levels of SPHK1 via Sp1. Additionally, diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma was fewer and less frequent in SPHK1 knockout compared to wild-type mice. Our data showed crucial roles of SPHK1 in hepatocarcinogenesis and suggests that peretinoin prevents hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing mRNA levels of SPHK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Funaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Juria Kitabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakai
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kai Takegoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeru Oyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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22
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Hagihara K, Kinoshita K, Ishida K, Hojo S, Kameoka Y, Satoh R, Takasaki T, Sugiura R. A genome-wide screen for FTY720-sensitive mutants reveals genes required for ROS homeostasis. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 4:390-401. [PMID: 29234668 PMCID: PMC5722642 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.12.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) analogue, is an approved immune modulator for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Notably, in addition to its well-known mode of action as an S1P modulator, accumulating evidence suggests that FTY720 induces apoptosis in various cancer cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the involvement of multiple signaling molecules, such as JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase), Akt (alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase) and Sphk has been reported, the exact mechanisms how FTY720 induces cell growth inhibition and the functional relationship between FTY720 and these signaling pathways remain elusive. Our previous reports using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model system to elucidate FTY720-mediated signaling pathways revealed that FTY720 induces an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and ROS generation, which resulted in the activation of the transcriptional responses downstream of Ca2+/calcineurin signaling and stress-activated MAPK signaling, respectively. Here, we performed a genome-wide screening for genes whose deletion induces FTY720-sensitive growth in S. pombe and identified 49 genes. These gene products are related to the biological processes involved in metabolic processes, transport, transcription, translation, chromatin organization, cytoskeleton organization and intracellular signal transduction. Notably, most of the FTY720-sensitive deletion cells exhibited NAC-remedial FTY720 sensitivities and dysregulated ROS homeostasis. Our results revealed a novel gene network involving ROS homeostasis and the possible mechanisms of the FTY720 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Hagihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kanako Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kouki Ishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shihomi Hojo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kameoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Teruaki Takasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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23
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Omar HA, Zaher DM, Srinivasulu V, Hersi F, Tarazi H, Al-Tel TH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new pyrrolidine carboxamide analogues as potential chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:804-814. [PMID: 28865276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The successful targeting of different malignancies by OSU-2S, encouraged us to design and synthesize a novel series of pyrrolidine aryl carboxamide derivatives. In this context, we found that, the amide nature and tether length were found to be key determinant elements for the anticancer activity of these new and rigid analogues of OSU-2S. The most effective analogues induced apoptosis in cancer cells by a similar mechanism to that of OSU-2S, possibly via the activation of PKCδ in addition to their ability to induce cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cancer cell migration. Compound 10m, possesses anticancer potency comparable to that of OSU-2S when tested against cancer cell lines under study, and was found to be safer on normal cells. Furthermore, compound 10m, was found to be about 2-folds more potent than the anticancer drug Sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The newly developed compounds represent a therapeutically promising approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Dana M Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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24
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FTY720 Induces Autophagy-Associated Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells, in Part, through a Reactive Oxygen Species/Mcl-1-Dependent Mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5600. [PMID: 28717222 PMCID: PMC5514089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we interrogated the mechanism by which the immunosuppressant FTY720 mediates anticancer effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. FTY720 differentially suppressed the viability of the OSCC cell lines SCC4, SCC25, and SCC2095 with IC50 values of 6.1, 6.3, and 4.5 μM, respectively. This antiproliferative effect was attributable to the ability of FTY720 to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistic evidence suggests that FTY720-induced apoptosis was associated with its ability to inhibit Akt-NF-κB signaling, to facilitate the proteasomal degradation of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, and to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Both overexpression of Mcl-1 and inhibition of ROS partially protected cells from FTY720-induced caspase-9 activation, PARP cleavage and cytotoxicity. In addition, FTY720 induced autophagy in OSCC cells, as manifested by LC3B-II conversion, decreased p62 expression, and accumulation of autophagosomes. Inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 protected cells from FTY720-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest an intricate interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in mediating the tumor-suppressive effect in OSCC cells, which underlies the translational potential of FTY720 in fostering new therapeutic strategies for OSCC.
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25
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Velmurugan BK, Lee CH, Chiang SL, Hua CH, Chen MC, Lin SH, Yeh KT, Ko YC. PP2A deactivation is a common event in oral cancer and reactivation by FTY720 shows promising therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1300-1311. [PMID: 28516459 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor gene, that has been frequently deactivated in many types of cancer. However, its molecular and clinical relevance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. Here we show that, PP2A deactivation is a common event in oral cancer cells and hyperphosphorylation in its tyrosine-307 (Y307) residue contributes to PP2A deactivation. PP2A restoration by FTY720 treatment reduced cell growth and decreased GSK-3β phosphorylation without significantly altering other PP2A targets. We further detected PP2A phosphorylation in 262 OSCC tissues. Increased expression of p-PP2A in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with higher N2/N3-stage (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.2-3.8). Patients with high p-PP2A expression had lower overall survival rates than those with low expression. Hazard ratio analysis showed that, high p-PP2A expression was significantly associated with mortality density (aOR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.2-4.0) and lower 10-year overall survival (p = 0.027) in lymph node metastasis. However, no interaction was observed between p-PP2A expression and lymph node metastasis. All our results suggest that PP2A is frequently deactivated in oral cancer and determines poor outcome, restoring its expression by FTY720 can be an alternative therapeutic approach in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath K Velmurugan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsuing, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lun Chiang
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Hua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chung Chen
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling for cancer therapy. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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The protumorigenic potential of FTY720 by promoting extramedullary hematopoiesis and MDSC accumulation. Oncogene 2017; 36:3760-3771. [PMID: 28218904 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 (also called fingolimod) is recognized as an immunosuppressant and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat refractory multiple sclerosis. However, long-term administration of FTY720 potentially increases the risk for cancer in recipients. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we provided evidence that FTY720 administration potentiated tumor growth. Mechanistically, FTY720 enhanced extramedullary hematopoiesis and massive accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which actively suppressed antitumor immune responses. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mainly produced by MDSCs, was identified as a key factor to mediate these effects of FTY720 in tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we showed that FTY720 triggers MDSCs to release GM-CSF via S1P receptor 3 (S1pr3) through Rho kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent pathway. Thus, our findings provide mechanistic explanation for the protumorigenic potentials of FTY720 and suggest that targeting S1pr3 simultaneously may be beneficial for the patients receiving FTY720 treatment.
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28
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Omar HA, Tolba MF, Hung JH, Al-Tel TH. OSU-2S/Sorafenib Synergistic Antitumor Combination against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of PKCδ/p53. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:463. [PMID: 27965580 PMCID: PMC5127788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sorafenib (Nexavar®) is an FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the low efficacy and adverse effects at high doses limit the clinical application of sorafenib and strongly recommend its combination with other agents aiming at ameliorating its drawbacks. OSU-2S, a PKCδ activator, was selected as a potential candidate anticancer agent to be combined with sorafenib to promote the anti-cancer activity through synergistic interaction. Methods: The antitumor effects of sorafenib, OSU-2S and their combination were assessed by MTT assay, caspase activation, Western blotting, migration/invasion assays in four different HCC cell lines. The synergistic interactions were determined by Calcusyn analysis. PKCδ knockdown was used to elucidate the role of PKCδ activation as a mechanism for the synergy. The knockdown/over-expression of p53 was used to explain the differential sensitivity of HCC cell lines to sorafenib and/or OSU-2S. Results: OSU-2S synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of sorafenib in the four used HCC cell lines with combination indices <1. This effect was accompanied by parallel increases in caspase 3/7 activity, PARP cleavage, PKCδ activation and inhibition of HCC cell migration/invasion. In addition, PKCδ knockdown abolished the synergy between sorafenib and OSU-2S. Furthermore, p53 restoration in Hep3B cells through the over-expression rendered them more sensitive to both agents while p53 knockdown from HepG2 cells increased their resistance to both agents. Conclusion: OSU-2S augments the anti-proliferative effect of sorafenib in HCC cell lines, in part, through the activation of PKCδ. The p53 status in HCC cells predicts their sensitivity toward both sorafenib and OSU-2S. The proposed combination represents a therapeutically relevant approach that can lead to a new HCC therapeutic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams UniversityCairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, IrvineCA, USA
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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29
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Beider K, Rosenberg E, Bitner H, Shimoni A, Leiba M, Koren-Michowitz M, Ribakovsky E, Klein S, Olam D, Weiss L, Wald H, Abraham M, Galun E, Peled A, Nagler A. The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulator FTY720 Targets Multiple Myeloma via the CXCR4/CXCL12 Pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1733-1747. [PMID: 27697999 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the functional consequences of possible cross-talk between the CXCR4/CXCL12 and the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathways in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and to evaluate the effect of S1P targeting with the FTY720 modulator as a potential anti-MM therapeutic strategy.Experimental Design and Results: S1P targeting with FTY720 induces MM cell apoptosis. The combination of FTY720 with the SPHK1 inhibitor SKI-II results in synergistic inhibition of MM growth. CXCR4/CXCL12-enhanced expression correlates with reduced MM cell sensitivity to both FTY720 and SKI-II inhibitors, and with SPHK1 coexpression in both cell lines and primary MM bone marrow (BM) samples, suggesting regulative cross-talk between the CXCR4/CXCL12 and SPHK1 pathways in MM cells. FTY720 was found to directly target CXCR4. FTY720 profoundly reduces CXCR4 cell-surface levels and abrogates the CXCR4-mediated functions of migration toward CXCL12 and signaling pathway activation. Moreover, FTY720 cooperates with bortezomib, inducing its cytotoxic activity and abrogating the bortezomib-mediated increase in CXCR4 expression. FTY720 effectively targets bortezomib-resistant cells and increases their sensitivity to bortezomib, promoting DNA damage. Finally, in a recently developed novel xenograft model of CXCR4-dependent systemic MM with BM involvement, FTY720 treatment effectively reduces tumor burden in the BM of MM-bearing mice. FTY720 in combination with bortezomib demonstrates superior tumor growth inhibition and abrogates bortezomib-induced CXCR4 increase on MM cells.Conclusions: Altogether, our work identifies a cross-talk between the S1P and CXCR4 pathways in MM cells and provides a preclinical rationale for the therapeutic application of FTY720 in combination with bortezomib in patients with MM. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1733-47. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Beider
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Evgenia Rosenberg
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hanna Bitner
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avichai Shimoni
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Merav Leiba
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Maya Koren-Michowitz
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Elena Ribakovsky
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shiri Klein
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Devorah Olam
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lola Weiss
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Wald
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Abraham
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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30
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Xu XQ, Huang CM, Zhang YF, Chen L, Cheng H, Wang JM. S1PR1 mediates anti-apoptotic/pro-proliferative processes in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3369-75. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Li Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Zhang Z, Hu C, He Y, Gu Z. Supramolecular PEGylated Dendritic Systems as pH/Redox Dual-Responsive Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Platinum Drug Delivery and NIR Imaging. Theranostics 2016; 6:1293-305. [PMID: 27375780 PMCID: PMC4924500 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, self-assembling small dendrimers into supramolecular dendritic systems offers an alternative strategy to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for biomedical applications. We herein report a dual-responsive supramolecular PEGylated dendritic system for efficient platinum-based drug delivery and near-infrared (NIR) tracking. With a refined molecular/supramolecular engineering, supramolecular dendritic systems were stabilized by bioreducible disulfide bonds and endowed with NIR fluorescence probes, and PEGylated platinum derivatives coordinated onto the abundant peripheral groups of supramolecular dendritic templates to generate pH/redox dual-responsive theranostic supramolecular PEGylated dendritic systems (TSPDSs). TSPDSs markedly improved the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of platinum-based drugs, owing to their stable nanostructures and PEGylated shells during the blood circulation. Tumor intracellular environment (low pH value and high glutathione concentration) could trigger the rapid disintegration of TSPDSs due to acid-labile coordination bonds and redox-cleavable disulfide linkages, and then platinum-based drugs were delivered into the nuclei to exert antitumor activity. In vivo antitumor treatments indicated TSPDSs not only provided high antitumor efficiency which was comparable to clinical cisplatin, but also reduced renal toxicity of platinum-based drugs. Moreover, NIR fluorescence of TSPDSs successfully visualized in vitro and in vivo fate of nanoplatforms and disclosed the intracellular platinum delivery and pharmacokinetics. These results confirm tailor-made supramolecular dendritic system with sophisticated nanostructure and excellent performance is a promising candidate as smart theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xianghui Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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32
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Cruickshanks N, Roberts JL, Bareford MD, Tavallai M, Poklepovic A, Booth L, Spiegel S, Dent P. Differential regulation of autophagy and cell viability by ceramide species. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:733-42. [PMID: 25803131 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1026509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present studies sought to determine whether the anti-folate pemetrexed (Alimta) and the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya) interacted to kill tumor cells. FTY720 and pemetrexed interacted in a greater than additive fashion to kill breast, brain and colorectal cancer cells. Loss of p53 function weakly enhanced the toxicity of FTY720 whereas deletion of activated RAS strongly or expression of catalytically inactive AKT facilitated killing. Combined drug exposure reduced the activity of AKT, p70 S6K and mTOR and activated JNK and p38 MAPK. Expression of activated forms of AKT, p70 S6K and mTOR or inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK suppressed the interaction between FTY720 and pemetrexed. Treatment of cells with FTY720 and pemetrexed increased the numbers of early autophagosomes but not autolysosomes, which correlated with increased LC3II processing and increased p62 levels, suggestive of stalled autophagic flux. Knock down of ATG5 or Beclin1 suppressed autophagosome formation and cell killing. Knock down of ceramide synthase 6 suppressed autophagosome production and cell killing whereas knock down of ceramide synthase 2 enhanced vesicle formation and facilitated death. Collectively our findings argue that pemetrexed and FTY720 could be a novel adjunct modality for breast cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- Ad, adenovirus
- Alimta
- CMV, empty vector plasmid or virus
- CerS, ceramide synthase
- CerS2
- CerS6
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- FTY720
- Gilenya
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- LASS, longevity assurance gene
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MEK, mitogen activated extracellular regulated kinase
- PI3K, phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10
- PTX, pemetrexed
- Pemetrexed
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S1P
- SCR, scrambled
- VEH, vehicle.
- autophagy
- ca, constitutively active
- ceramide
- dn, dominant negative
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- si, small interfering
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Cruickshanks
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Virginia Commonwealth University ; Richmond , VA , USA
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Woo SM, Seo BR, Min KJ, Kwon TK. FTY720 enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating DR5 and down-regulating Mcl-1 in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11614-26. [PMID: 25843953 PMCID: PMC4484480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FTY720, Fingolimod, is a functional antagonist to the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor and an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1. Here, we showed that a combination of FTY720 and TRAIL induced apoptosis in human renal, breast, and colon carcinoma cells. Most importantly, this combination had no effect on normal cells. Furthermore, the combined treatment with FTY720 and TRAIL reduced tumor growth in xenograft models. FTY720 up-regulated death receptor (DR)5 at post-translational level. Knockdown of DR5 markedly blocked apoptosis induced by the combined treatment. FTY720 also inhibited Mcl-1 expression at the post-translational level. Over-expression of Mcl-1 blocked apoptosis induced by FTY720 and TRAIL. Interestingly, phospho-FTY720 and inhibitors of sphingosine kinase failed to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, FTY720 enables TRAIL-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of DR5 and down-regulation of Mcl-1 in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
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6-Shogaol induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells through pleiotropic mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:449-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Sharma A, Kalita P, Tag H. Distribution and phytomedicinal aspects of Paris polyphylla Smith from the Eastern Himalayan Region: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5667/tang.2015.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ahmed D, de Verdier PJ, Ryk C, Lunqe O, Stål P, Flygare J. FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00171. [PMID: 26516583 PMCID: PMC4618642 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The multityrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is used in the therapy of advanced disease. However, the effects of sorafenib are limited, and combination treatments aiming at improved survival are encouraged. The sphingosine analog FTY720 (Fingolimod), which is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis, has shown tumor suppressive effects in cell lines and animal models of HCC. In the present study, we combined sorafenib with FTY720 in order to sensitize the HCC cell lines Huh7 and HepG2 to sorafenib treatment. Using the XTT assay we show that noncytotoxic doses of FTY720 synergistically enhanced the decrease in viability caused by treatment of both cell lines with increasing doses of sorafenib. Further studies in Huh7 revealed that combined treatment with FTY720 and sorafenib resulted in G1 arrest and enhanced cell death measured using flow cytometry analysis of cells labeled with propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin-V and PI and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-staining of nuclei. In addition, signs of both caspase-dependent and – independent apoptosis were observed, as cotreatment with FTY720 and sorafenib caused cytochrome c release and poly-ADP ribose polymerase-cleavage as well as translocation of Apoptosis-inducing factor into the cytosol. We also detected features of autophagy blockage, as the protein levels of LC3-II and p62 were affected by combined treatment with FTY720 and sorafenib. Together, our results suggest that FTY720 sensitizes HCC cells to cytotoxic effects induced by treatment with sorafenib alone. These findings warrant further investigations of combined treatment with sorafenib and FTY720 in vivo in order to develop more effective treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilruba Ahmed
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra J de Verdier
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Ryk
- Urology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Lunqe
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Flygare
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mishra S, Vinayak M. Role of ellagic acid in regulation of apoptosis by modulating novel and atypical PKC in lymphoma bearing mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:281. [PMID: 26276710 PMCID: PMC4536603 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein kinase C regulates various cellular processes including cell proliferation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Activation of different PKC isozymes results in distinct cellular responses. Novel PKCs are mainly involved in apoptotic process. Atypical PKC subfamily plays a critical role in cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell differentiation and motility. However, Atypical PKCs show contradictory regulation in different tissues or cancer cells. The mechanism of diversified effects is not well explored. Antioxidant ellagic acid shows hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic properties. Present study is focused to analyze the effect of ellagic acid on novel and atypical isozymes of PKC in regulation of PKC-mediated apoptosis in liver of lymphoma bearing mice. Implication of ellagic acid treatment to DL mice was analyzed on caspase-3 mediated apoptosis via PKCδ induced activation; and on maintenance of adequate supply of energy during cancer growth. Methods 15–20 weeks old adult DL mice were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group 2, 3, 4 were treated with different doses of ellagic acid (40 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg bw). The mice were sacrificed after 19 days of treatment and liver was used for study. The effect of ellagic acid was determined on expression of novel and atypical PKC isozymes. Apoptotic potentiality of ellagic acid was checked on activities of caspase-3 and PKCδ in terms of their catalytic fragments. Aerobic glycolysis was monitored by LDH activity, especially activity of LDH A. Results Ellagic acid treatment caused up regulation of expression of almost all novel and atypical PKC isozymes. Activities of PKCδ and caspase-3 were enhanced by ellagic acid, however activities of total LDH and LDH-A were inhibited. Conclusion The results show that ellagic acid promotes apoptosis in lymphoma bearing mice via novel and atypical PKCs which involves PKCδ induced caspase-3 activation; and inhibition of glycolytic pathway.
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Patmanathan SN, Yap LF, Murray PG, Paterson IC. The antineoplastic properties of FTY720: evidence for the repurposing of fingolimod. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2329-40. [PMID: 26171944 PMCID: PMC4594675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all drugs approved for use in humans possess potentially beneficial 'off-target' effects in addition to their principal activity. In some cases this has allowed for the relatively rapid repurposing of drugs for other indications. In this review we focus on the potential for re-purposing FTY720 (also known as fingolimod, Gilenya(™)), an immunomodulatory drug recently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The therapeutic benefit of FTY720 in MS is largely attributed to the immunosuppressive effects that result from its modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor signalling. However, this drug has also been shown to inhibit other cancer-associated signal transduction pathways in part because of its structural similarity to sphingosine, and consequently shows efficacy as an anti-cancer agent both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the effects of FTY720 on signal transduction pathways and cancer-related cellular processes, and discuss its potential use as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fah Yap
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul G Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Huang Y, Kumazoe M, Bae J, Yamada S, Takai M, Hidaka S, Yamashita S, Kim Y, Won Y, Murata M, Tsukamoto S, Tachibana H. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-O-gallate induces cell death by acid sphingomyelinase activation in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1162-8. [PMID: 26135316 PMCID: PMC4530928 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An epidemiological study showed that green tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of hematopoietic malignancy. The major green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is reported to have anticancer effects. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a major hematopoietic malignancy characterized by expansion of myeloid cells. In the present study, we showed EGCG-induced acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation and lipid raft clustering in CML cells. The ASM inhibitor desipramine significantly reduced EGCG-induced cell death. Protein kinase Cδ is a well-known kinase that plays an important role in ASM activation. We observed EGCG-induced phos-phorylation of protein kinase Cδ at Ser664. Importantly, EGCG-induced ASM activation was significantly reduced by pretreatment of CML cells with the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028, suggesting that EGCG induced ASM activation through the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent pathway. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of a cGMP-negative regulator enhanced the anti-CML effect of EGCG. These results indicate that EGCG-induced cell death via the cGMP/ASM pathway in CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Huang
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Bae
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mika Takai
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shiori Hidaka
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yeongseon Won
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motoki Murata
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Tsukamoto
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Zhang L, Wang H, Ding K, Xu J. FTY720 induces autophagy-related apoptosis and necroptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:43-59. [PMID: 25939952 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
FTY720 is a potent immunosuppressant which has preclinical antitumor efficacy in various cancer models. However, its role in glioblastoma remains unclear. In the present study, we found that FTY720 induced extrinsic apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy in human glioblastoma cells. Inhibition of autophagy by either RNA interference or chemical inhibitors attenuated FTY720-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis induction were dependent on reactive oxygen species-c-Jun N-terminal kinase-protein 53 (ROS-JNK-p53) loop mediated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6 kinase (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K) pathway. In addition, receptor-interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3) served as an upstream of ROS-JNK-p53 loop. However, the phosphorylation form of FTY720 induced autophagy but not apoptosis and necroptosis. Finally, the in vitro results were validated in vivo in xenograft mouse of glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, the current study provided novel insights into understanding the mechanisms and functions of FTY720-induced apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy in human glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang G, Chen JH, Qiang Y, Wang DZ, Chen Z. Decreased STAT4 indicates poor prognosis and enhanced cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3983-3993. [PMID: 25852285 PMCID: PMC4385547 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of signal transduction and activation of transcription 4 (STAT4) in the development and progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Recent genetic investigations have identified that a genetic variant of STAT4 is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. The level of STAT4 in 90 HCC patients was examined via Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. The correlation between STAT4 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed. The level of STAT4 expression in the HCC liver tissues was significantly lower than that in the non-HCC liver tissues and correlated with tumor size, histological grade of HCC and serum hepatitis B surface antigen level in HCC patients. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Furthermore, siRNA oligos targeting STAT4 were employed to investigate the influence of STAT4 RNA interference on HCC cell physiology. Based on Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometric assays, we found that depletion of STAT4 expression significantly enhanced the proliferation of L02 cells.
RESULTS: STAT4 protein expression was significantly lower in HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry followed by statistical analysis revealed that the expression of STAT4 negatively correlated with Ki67 expression (r = 0.851; P < 0.05) and positively correlated with maximal tumor size (P < 0.05), HBV (P = 0.012) and histological grade (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant differences in the survival curves between HCC patients expressing low and high levels of STAT4 and Ki67 (P < 0.05). Based on a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, STAT4 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for HCC patients who underwent curative resection. In vitro, following the release of L02 cell lines from serum starvation, the expression of STAT4 was downregulated, and transfection of L02 cells with siRNA targeting STAT4 inhibited cell proliferation.
CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that STAT4 may inhibit HCC development by modulating HCC cell proliferation.
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Mani R, Mao Y, Frissora FW, Chiang CL, Wang J, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Yu B, Yan R, Mo X, Yu L, Flynn J, Jones J, Andritsos L, Baskar S, Rader C, Phelps MA, Chen CS, Lee RJ, Byrd JC, Lee LJ, Muthusamy N. Tumor antigen ROR1 targeted drug delivery mediated selective leukemic but not normal B-cell cytotoxicity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:346-55. [PMID: 24947019 PMCID: PMC4272672 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells without compromising their normal counterparts pose a huge challenge for traditional drug design. Here we developed a tumor antigen-targeted delivery of immunonanoparticle carrying a novel non-immunosuppressive FTY720 derivative OSU-2S with potent cytotoxicity against leukemic B cells. OSU-2S induces activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SHP1(S591) and deregulation of multiple cellular processes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) resulting in potent cytotoxicity. To preclude OSU-2S-mediated effects on these ubiquitous phosphatases in unintended cells and avoid potential adverse effects, we developed an OSU-2S-targeted delivery of immunonanoparticles (2A2-OSU-2S-ILP), that mediated selective cytotoxicity of CLL but not normal B cells through targeting receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 expressed in leukemic but not normal B cells. Developing a novel spontaneous CLL mouse model expressing human ROR1 (hROR1) in all leukemic B cells, we demonstrate the therapeutic benefit of enhanced survival with 2A2-OSU-2S-ILP in vivo. The newly developed non-immunosuppressive OSU-2S, its delivery using human CLL directed immunonanoparticles and the novel transgenic (Tg) mouse model of CLL that expresses hROR1 exclusively in leukemic B cell surface are highly innovative and can be applied to CLL and other ROR1+ malignancies including mantle cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mani
- 1] Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [3] Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y Mao
- 1] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [3] Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F W Frissora
- 1] Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C-L Chiang
- 1] Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y Wu
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B Yu
- 1] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Yan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Flynn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Jones
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L Andritsos
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Baskar
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Rader
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - M A Phelps
- 1] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C-S Chen
- 1] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [3] Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R J Lee
- 1] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [3] Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J C Byrd
- 1] Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [3] Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [4] Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L J Lee
- 1] Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Muthusamy
- 1] Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [3] Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Tay KH, Liu X, Chi M, Jin L, Jiang CC, Guo ST, Verrills NM, Tseng HY, Zhang XD. Involvement of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in killing of human melanoma cells by the sphingosine kinase analogue FTY720. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:171-83. [PMID: 25358761 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling axis is emerging as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. However, the effect of such an approach on survival of human melanoma cells remains less understood. Here, we show that the sphingosine analogue FTY720 that functionally antagonises S1PRs kills human melanoma cells through a mechanism involving the vacuolar H(+) -ATPase activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that FTY720-triggered cell death is characterized by features of necrosis and is not dependent on receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 or lysosome cathepsins, nor was it associated with the activation of protein phosphatase 2A. Instead, it is mediated by increased production of reactive oxygen species and is antagonized by activation of autophagy. Collectively, these results suggest that FTY720 and its analogues are promising candidates for further development as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hong Tay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Lu Z, Wang J, Zheng T, Liang Y, Yin D, Song R, Pei T, Pan S, Jiang H, Liu L. FTY720 inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cholangiocarcinoma by inactivating STAT3 signaling. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:783. [PMID: 25344679 PMCID: PMC4221672 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 6 (IL-6)-mediated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT-3) phosphorylation (activation) is aberrantly sustained in cholangiocarcinoma cells resulting in enhanced myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) expression and resistance to apoptosis. FTY720, a new immunosuppressant, derived from ISP-1, has been studied for its putative anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which FTY720 mediates antitumor effects in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) cells. METHODS Three CC cell lines were examined, QBC939, TFK-1, and HuCCT1. The therapeutic effects of FTY720 were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasive potential, and epithelial- mesenchy-mal transition (EMT) were examined. RESULTS FTY720 greatly inhibited CC cells proliferation and EMT in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was associated with dephosphorylation of STAT3tyr705. FTY720 induced apoptosis and G1 phase arrest in CC cells, and inhibited invasion of CC cells. Western blot analysis showed that FTY720 induced cleavage of caspases 3, 8 and 9, and of PARP, in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with a substantial decrease in p-STAT3, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, survivin, cyclin D1, cyclin E, N-cadherin, vimentin, VEGF and TWIST1. In vivo studies showed that tumor growth and metastasis were significantly suppressed after FTY720 treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FTY720 induces a significant decrease in p-STAT3, which inhibits proliferation and EMT of CC cells, and then induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. We have characterized a novel immunosuppressant, which shows potential anti-tumor effects on CC via p-STAT3 inhibition. FTY720 merits further investigation and warrants clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Lu
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Dalong Yin
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Tiemin Pei
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Shangha Pan
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- />Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
- />Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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45
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Quint K, Stiel N, Neureiter D, Schlicker HU, Nimsky C, Ocker M, Strik H, Kolodziej MA. The role of sphingosine kinase isoforms and receptors S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, and S1P5 in primary, secondary, and recurrent glioblastomas. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8979-89. [PMID: 24903384 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the corresponding kinases SphK1-2, and receptors S1P1-3 and S1P5 are involved in cell survival and growth. Pathway components are overexpressed in many tumors including glioblastoma. Previous studies showed that the expression of SphK1 influenced survival of glioblastoma patients, yet the roles of SphK1-2 and receptors S1P1-3 and S1P5 have not been investigated in different forms of glioblastoma. Samples from 59 patients (37 males, 22 females, age 55.1 ± 17.1 years) suffering from primary (n = 35), recurrent (n = 18), and secondary (n = 6) glioblastomas were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for expression levels of SphK1 and SphK2 and S1P1-3 and S1P5. Sixteen autopsy nontumorous brain specimens were used as controls. Expression data was correlated with clinical data and patient survival. All markers were overexpressed in the glioblastoma specimens compared to the non-neoplastic brain tissue. SphK1 and all S1P receptors were expressed in increasing order of magnitude from primary, up to recurrent and secondary glioblastomas, with values of up to 44-fold compared to normal brain tissue. In contrast, SphK2 levels were highest in primary tumors (25-fold). Expression of the sphingosine signaling pathway components was influenced by radio/radiochemotherapy in distinct ways. Immunohistochemistry for SphK1 and S1P1 confirmed the overexpression in glioblastoma. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses identified S1P5 messenger RNA levels as an independent prognostic factor of survival. The sphingosine pathway is overexpressed in glioma. Its components show distinct expression patterns in the tumor subgroups. S1P5 is identified as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis, and this pathway promises to be a candidate for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Quint
- Institute for Surgical Research, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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46
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Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, which can be further classified into three PKC isozymes subfamilies: conventional or classic, novel or nonclassic, and atypical. PKC isozymes are known to be involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Because of their key roles in cell signaling, PKC isozymes also have the potential to be promising therapeutic targets for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, and multiple types of cancer. This review primarily focuses on the activation, mechanism, and function of PKC isozymes during cancer development and progression.
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47
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Xing Y, Wang ZH, Ma DH, Han Y. FTY720 enhances chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to doxorubicin and etoposide via the modulation of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1. J Dig Dis 2014; 15:246-59. [PMID: 24868599 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of FTY720 on inducing cell growth inhibition and enhancing the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in the human colon cancer cell line HCT-8 and its multidrug-resistant cell line HCT-8/5-fluorouracil (HCT-8/5-Fu). METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis after being treated with FTY720 alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and etoposide (VP16) were tested in HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-Fu cells. The changes in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) were determined at the mRNA and functional levels. RESULTS FTY720 showed anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and could enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX and VP16 in both HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-Fu cell lines. In addition, treatment with FTY720 resulted in the promotion of VP16-induced cell apoptosis and an increased accumulation of intracellular DOX and two specific fluorescent substrates of P-gp and MRP1 through the inhibition of efflux and the suppression of gene expression. CONCLUSION FTY720 exerts its chemosensitization effect in HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-Fu cell lines by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting P-gp and MRP1, which could be applied as a potential co-adjuvant therapeutic modality.
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48
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Bolen CR, Ding S, Robek MD, Kleinstein SH. Dynamic expression profiling of type I and type III interferon-stimulated hepatocytes reveals a stable hierarchy of gene expression. Hepatology 2014; 59:1262-72. [PMID: 23929627 PMCID: PMC3938553 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite activating similar signaling cascades, the type I and type III interferons (IFNs) differ in their ability to antagonize virus replication. However, it is not clear whether these cytokines induce unique antiviral states, particularly in the liver, where the clinically important hepatitis B and C viruses cause persistent infection. Here, clustering and promoter analyses of microarray-based gene expression profiling were combined with mechanistic studies of signaling pathways to dynamically characterize the transcriptional responses induced by these cytokines in Huh7 hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. Type I and III IFNs differed greatly in their level of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction with a clearly detectable hierarchy (IFN-β > IFN-α > IFN-λ3 > IFN-λ1 > IFN-λ2). Notably, although the hierarchy identified varying numbers of differentially expressed genes when quantified using common statistical thresholds, further analysis of gene expression over multiple timepoints indicated that the individual IFNs do not in fact regulate unique sets of genes. The kinetic profiles of IFN-induced gene expression were also qualitatively similar with the important exception of IFN-α. While stimulation with either IFN-β or IFN-λs resulted in a similar long-lasting ISG induction, IFN-α signaling peaked early after stimulation then declined due to a negative feedback mechanism. The quantitative expression hierarchy and unique kinetics of IFN-α reveal potential specific roles for individual IFNs in the immune response, and elucidate the mechanism behind previously observed differences in IFN antiviral activity. While current clinical trials are focused on IFN-λ1 as a potential antiviral therapy, the finding that IFN-λ3 invariably possesses the highest activity among type III IFNs suggests that this cytokine may have superior clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Bolen
- Interdepartmental program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael D. Robek
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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49
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Hagihara K, Mizukura A, Kitai Y, Yao M, Ishida K, Kita A, Kunoh T, Masuko T, Matzno S, Chiba K, Sugiura R. FTY720 stimulated ROS generation and the Sty1/Atf1 signaling pathway in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genes Cells 2014; 19:325-37. [PMID: 24506481 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720) is the first-in-class immune modulator known as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonists. FTY720 has also been reported to exert a variety of physiological functions such as antitumor effect, angiogenesis inhibition, and Ca2+ mobilization. Here, we show that FTY720 treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and investigated the effect of FTY720 on the stress-activated MAP kinase Spc1/Sty1, a functional homologue of p38 MAPK, using a Renilla luciferase reporter construct fused to the CRE, which gives an accurate measure of the transcriptional activity of Atf1 and thus serves as a faithful readout of the Spc1/Sty1 MAPK signaling in response to oxidative stresses. FTY720 stimulated the CRE responses in a concentration-dependent manner, which was markedly reduced by deletion of the components of the Spc1/Sty1 MAPK pathway. The blockade of ROS production by NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) significantly reversed the FTY720-induced ROS accumulation, subsequent activation of the Spc1/Sty1 MAPK pathway, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Cells lacking the components of the Spc1/Sty1 MAPK exhibited higher sensitivity to FTY720 and higher ROS levels upon FTY720 treatment than in wild-type cells. Thus, our results demonstrate the usefulness of fission yeast for elucidating the FTY720-mediated signaling pathways involving ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Hagihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1-8 Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8472, Japan
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50
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FTY720 for cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2571-8. [PMID: 24100923 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)]-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride (FTY720) is a potent immunosuppressant which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis. As an immunosuppressant, it displays its anti-multiple sclerosis, immunosuppressive effects by activating sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs). In addition to the immunosuppressive effects, FTY720 also shows preclinical antitumor efficacy in several cancer models. In most cases, phosphorylation of FTY720 is not required for its cytotoxic effect, indicating the involvement of S1PR-independent mechanisms which are starkly different from the immunosuppressive property of FTY720. In the present study, we reviewed the rapidly advancing field of FTY720 in cancer therapy as well as some molecular targets of the unphosphorylated form of FTY720.
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