1
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Gilad Y, Shimon O, Han SJ, Lonard DM, O’Malley BW. Steroid receptor coactivators in Treg and Th17 cell biology and function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389041. [PMID: 38698860 PMCID: PMC11063348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) are master regulators of transcription that play key roles in human physiology and pathology. SRCs are particularly important for the regulation of the immune system with major roles in lymphocyte fate determination and function, macrophage activity, regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and other immune system biology. The three members of the p160 SRC family comprise a network of immune-regulatory proteins that can function independently or act in synergy with each other, and compensate for - or moderate - the activity of other SRCs. Recent evidence indicates that the SRCs are key participants in governing numerous aspects of CD4+ T cell biology. Here we review findings that establish the SRCs as essential regulators of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, with a focus on their crucial roles in Treg immunity in cancer and Treg-Th17 cell phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Gilad
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ortal Shimon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Lu D, Chen J, Qin L, Bijou I, Yi P, Li F, Song X, Mackenzie KR, Yu X, Yang B, Chowdhury SR, Korp JD, O’Malley BW, Lonard DM, Wang J. Lead Compound Development of SRC-3 Inhibitors with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties and Anticancer Efficacy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5333-5350. [PMID: 38551814 PMCID: PMC11105966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is a critical mediator of many intracellular signaling pathways that are crucial for cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this study, we performed structure-activity relationship exploration and drug-like optimization of the hit compound SI-2, guided by in vitro/in vivo metabolism studies and cytotoxicity assays. Our efforts led to the discovery of two lead compounds, SI-10 and SI-12. Both compounds exhibit potent cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines and demonstrate acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. A biotinylated estrogen response element pull-down assay demonstrated that SI-12 could disrupt the recruitment of SRC-3 and p300 in the estrogen receptor complex. Importantly, SI-10 and SI-12 significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo without appreciable acute toxicity. These results demonstrate the potential of SI-10 and SI-12 as drug candidates for cancer therapy, given their potent SRC-3 inhibition and promising pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Imani Bijou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX 77205
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xianzhou Song
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kevin R. Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xin Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bin Yang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sandipan Roy Chowdhury
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James D. Korp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, TX 77204
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jin Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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3
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Varisli L, Dancik GM, Tolan V, Vlahopoulos S. Critical Roles of SRC-3 in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer, Rendering It a Prospective Clinical Target. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5242. [PMID: 37958417 PMCID: PMC10648290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and is also one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Most breast tumors are hormone-dependent and estrogen signaling plays a critical role in promoting the survival and malignant behaviors of these cells. Estrogen signaling involves ligand-activated cytoplasmic estrogen receptors that translocate to the nucleus with various co-regulators, such as steroid receptor co-activator (SRC) family members, and bind to the promoters of target genes and regulate their expression. SRC-3 is a member of this family that interacts with, and enhances, the transcriptional activity of the ligand activated estrogen receptor. Although SRC-3 has important roles in normal homeostasis and developmental processes, it has been shown to be amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer and to promote malignancy. The malignancy-promoting potential of SRC-3 is diverse and involves both promoting malignant behavior of tumor cells and creating a tumor microenvironment that has an immunosuppressive phenotype. SRC-3 also inhibits the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with effector function and promotes stemness. Furthermore, SRC-3 is also involved in the development of resistance to hormone therapy and immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment. The versatility of SRC-3 in promoting breast cancer malignancy in this way makes it a good target, and methodical targeting of SRC-3 probably will be important for the success of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Garrett M. Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA;
| | - Veysel Tolan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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4
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Kiliti AJ, Sharif GM, Martin MB, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. AIB1/SRC-3/NCOA3 function in estrogen receptor alpha positive breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1250218. [PMID: 37711895 PMCID: PMC10498919 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a steroid receptor that is pivotal in the initiation and progression of most breast cancers. ERα regulates gene transcription through recruitment of essential coregulators, including the steroid receptor coactivator AIB1 (Amplified in Breast Cancer 1). AIB1 itself is an oncogene that is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers and is known to play a role in tumor progression and resistance to endocrine therapy through multiple mechanisms. Here we review the normal and pathological functions of AIB1 in regard to its ERα-dependent and ERα-independent actions, as well as its genomic conservation and protein evolution. We also outline the efforts to target AIB1 in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J. Kiliti
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ghada M. Sharif
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mary Beth Martin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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Zhao J, Wu Y, Xiao T, Cheng C, Zhang T, Gao Z, Hu S, Ren Z, Yu X, Yang F, Li G. A specific anti-cyclin D1 intrabody represses breast cancer cell proliferation by interrupting the cyclin D1-CDK4 interaction. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:555-568. [PMID: 36808524 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D1 overexpression may contribute to development of various cancers, including breast cancer, and thus may serve as a key cancer diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. In our previous study, we generated a cyclin D1-specific single-chain variable fragment antibody (ADκ) from a human semi-synthetic single-chain variable fragment library. ADκ specifically interacted with recombinant and endogenous cyclin D1 proteins through an unknown molecular basis to inhibit HepG2 cell growth and proliferation. RESULTS Here, using phage display and in silico protein structure modeling methods combined with cyclin D1 mutational analysis, key residues that bind to ADκ were identified. Notably, residue K112 within the cyclin box was required for cyclin D1-ADκ binding. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying ADκ anti-tumor effects, a cyclin D1-specific nuclear localization signal-containing intrabody (NLS-ADκ) was constructed. When expressed within cells, NLS-ADκ interacted specifically with cyclin D1 to significantly inhibit cell proliferation, induce G1-phase arrest, and trigger apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, the NLS-ADκ-cyclin D1 interaction blocked binding of cyclin D1 to CDK4 and inhibited RB protein phosphorylation, resulting in altered expression of downstream cell proliferation-related target genes. CONCLUSION We identified amino acid residues in cyclin D1 that may play key roles in the ADκ-cyclin D1 interaction. A nuclear localization antibody against cyclin D1 (NLS-ADκ) was constructed and successfully expressed in breast cancer cells. NLS-ADκ exerted tumor suppressor effects via blocking the binding of CDK4 to cyclin D1 and inhibiting phosphorylation of RB. The results presented here demonstrate anti-tumor potential of intrabody-based cyclin D1-targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ziyang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ze Ren
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinze Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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6
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Gallanis GT, Sharif GM, Schmidt MO, Friedland BN, Battina R, Rahhal R, Davis JE, Khan IS, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. Stromal Senescence following Treatment with the CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib Alters the Lung Metastatic Niche and Increases Metastasis of Drug-Resistant Mammary Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1908. [PMID: 36980794 PMCID: PMC10046966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDKi) have improved disease control in hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, but most patients develop progressive disease. METHODS We asked whether host stromal senescence after CDK4/6 inhibition affects metastatic seeding and growth of CDKi-resistant mammary cancer cells by using the p16-INK-ATTAC mouse model of inducible senolysis. RESULTS Palbociclib pretreatment of naïve mice increased lung seeding of CDKi-resistant syngeneic mammary cancer cells, and this effect was reversed by depletion of host senescent cells. RNA sequencing analyses of lungs from non-tumor-bearing p16-INK-ATTAC mice identified that palbociclib downregulates immune-related gene sets and gene expression related to leukocyte migration. Concomitant senolysis reversed a portion of these effects, including pathway-level enrichment of TGF-β- and senescence-related signaling. CIBERSORTx analysis revealed that palbociclib alters intra-lung macrophage/monocyte populations. Notably, lung metastases from palbociclib-pretreated mice revealed senescent endothelial cells. Palbociclib-treated endothelial cells exhibit hallmark senescent features in vitro, upregulate genes involved with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, leukocyte migration, and TGF-β-mediated paracrine senescence and induce tumor cell migration and monocyte trans-endothelial invasion in co-culture. CONCLUSIONS These studies shed light on how stromal senescence induced by palbociclib affects lung metastasis, and they describe palbociclib-induced gene expression changes in the normal lung and endothelial cell models that correlate with changes in the tumor microenvironment in the lung metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcel O. Schmidt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna T. Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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7
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Gilad Y, Lonard DM, O’Malley BW. Steroid receptor coactivators - their role in immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079011. [PMID: 36582250 PMCID: PMC9793089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid Receptor Coactivators (SRCs) are essential regulators of transcription with a wide range of impact on human physiology and pathology. In immunology, SRCs play multiple roles; they are involved in the regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), macrophage (MΦ) activity, lymphoid cells proliferation, development and function, to name just a few. The three SRC family members, SRC-1, SRC-2 and SRC-3, can exert their immunological function either in an independent manner or act in synergy with each other. In certain biological contexts, one SRC family member can compensate for lack of activity of another member, while in other cases one SRC can exert a biological function that competes against the function of another family counterpart. In this review we illustrate the diverse biological functionality of the SRCs with regard to their role in immunity. In the light of recent development of SRC small molecule inhibitors and stimulators, we discuss their potential relevance as modulators of the immunological activity of the SRCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Gilad
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Yosi Gilad, ; David M. Lonard, ; Bert W. O’Malley,
| | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Yosi Gilad, ; David M. Lonard, ; Bert W. O’Malley,
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Yosi Gilad, ; David M. Lonard, ; Bert W. O’Malley,
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8
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Jafari H, Hussain S, Campbell MJ. Nuclear Receptor Coregulators in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2402. [PMID: 35626007 PMCID: PMC9139824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) function collectively as a transcriptional signaling network that mediates gene regulatory actions to either maintain cellular homeostasis in response to hormonal, dietary and other environmental factors, or act as orphan receptors with no known ligand. NR complexes are large and interact with multiple protein partners, collectively termed coregulators. Coregulators are essential for regulating NR activity and can dictate whether a target gene is activated or repressed by a variety of mechanisms including the regulation of chromatin accessibility. Altered expression of coregulators contributes to a variety of hormone-dependent cancers including breast and prostate cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which coregulators interact with and modulate the activity of NRs provides opportunities to develop better prognostic and diagnostic approaches, as well as novel therapeutic targets. This review aims to gather and summarize recent studies, techniques and bioinformatics methods used to identify distorted NR coregulator interactions that contribute as cancer drivers in hormone-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Jafari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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9
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Gómez-Romero L, Alvarez-Suarez DE, Hernández-Lemus E, Ponce-Castañeda MV, Tovar H. The regulatory landscape of retinoblastoma: a pathway analysis perspective. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220031. [PMID: 35620002 PMCID: PMC9114937 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare intraocular tumour in early childhood, with an approximate incidence of 1 in 18 000 live births. Experimental studies for Rb are complex due to the challenges associated with obtaining a normal retina to contrast with diseased tissue. In this work, we reanalyse a dataset that contains normal retina samples. We identified the individual genes whose expression is different in Rb in contrast with normal tissue, determined the pathways whose global expression pattern is more distant from the global expression observed in normal tissue, and finally, we identified which transcription factors regulate the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proposed as transcriptional master regulators (TMRs). The enrichment of DEGs in the phototransduction and retrograde endocannabinoid signalling pathways could be associated with abnormal behaviour of the processes leading to cellular differentiation and cellular proliferation. On the other hand, the TMRs nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma are involved in hepatocyte differentiation. Therefore, the enrichment of aberrant expression in these transcription factors could suggest an abnormal retina development that could be involved in Rb origin and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Romero
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana E. Alvarez-Suarez
- Medical Research Unit in Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Pharmacology Department, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Verónica Ponce-Castañeda
- Medical Research Unit in Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Tovar
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Sharif GM, Campbell MJ, Nasir A, Sengupta S, Graham GT, Kushner MH, Kietzman WB, Schmidt MO, Pearson GW, Loudig O, Fineberg S, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. An AIB1 Isoform Alters Enhancer Access and Enables Progression of Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4230-4241. [PMID: 34135000 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIB1Δ4 is an N-terminally truncated isoform of the oncogene amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) with increased expression in high-grade human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, the role of AIB1Δ4 in DCIS malignant progression has not been defined. Here we CRISPR-engineered RNA splice junctions to produce normal and early-stage DCIS breast epithelial cells that expressed only AIB1Δ4. These cells showed enhanced motility and invasion in 3D cell culture. In zebrafish, AIB1Δ4-expressing cells enabled invasion of parental cells when present in a mixed population. In mouse xenografts, a subpopulation of AIB1Δ4 cells mixed with parental cells enhanced tumor growth, recurrence, and lung metastasis. AIB1Δ4 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed enhanced binding to regions including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) genomic recognition sites. H3K27ac and H3K4me1 genomic engagement patterns revealed selective activation of breast cancer-specific enhancer sites by AIB1Δ4. AIB1Δ4 cells displayed upregulated inflammatory response genes and downregulated PPAR signaling gene expression patterns. In the presence of AIB1Δ4 enabler cells, parental cells increased NF-κB and WNT signaling. Cellular cross-talk was inhibited by the PPARγ agonist efatutazone but was enhanced by treatment with the GR agonist dexamethasone. In conclusion, expression of the AIB1Δ4-selective cistrome in a small subpopulation of cells triggers an "enabler" phenotype hallmarked by an invasive transcriptional program and collective malignant progression in a heterogeneous tumor population. SIGNIFICANCE: A minor subset of early-stage breast cancer cells expressing AIB1Δ4 enables bulk tumor cells to become invasive, suggesting that selective eradication of this population could impair breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Sharif
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Surojeet Sengupta
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Medical Research Center, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Max H Kushner
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - William B Kietzman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Marcel O Schmidt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anna T Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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11
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Mullany LK, Lonard DM, O’Malley BW. Wound Healing-related Functions of the p160 Steroid Receptor Coactivator Family. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6042238. [PMID: 33340403 PMCID: PMC7814297 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to recover and maintain original tissue functions following injury. Injury responses require a robust transcriptomic response associated with cellular reprogramming involving complex gene expression programs critical for effective tissue repair following injury. Steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) are master transcriptional regulators of cell-cell signaling that is integral for embryogenesis, reproduction, normal physiological function, and tissue repair following injury. Effective therapeutic approaches for facilitating improved tissue regeneration and repair will likely involve temporal and combinatorial manipulation of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. Pleiotropic actions of SRCs that are critical for wound healing range from immune regulation and angiogenesis to maintenance of metabolic regulation in diverse organ systems. Recent evidence derived from studies of model organisms during different developmental stages indicates the importance of the interplay of immune cells and stromal cells to wound healing. With SRCs being the master regulators of cell-cell signaling integral to physiologic changes necessary for wound repair, it is becoming clear that therapeutic targeting of SRCs provides a unique opportunity for drug development in wound healing. This review will provide an overview of wound healing-related functions of SRCs with a special focus on cellular and molecular interactions important for limiting tissue damage after injury. Finally, we review recent findings showing stimulation of SRCs following cardiac injury with the SRC small molecule stimulator MCB-613 can promote cardiac protection and inhibit pathologic remodeling after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Mullany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bert W O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Bert W. O’Malley, MD, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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12
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Gray JS, Campbell MJ. Challenges and Opportunities of Genomic Approaches in Therapeutics Development. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2194:107-126. [PMID: 32926364 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0849-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of all therapeutic responses is significantly determined by genome structure, variation, and functional interactions. This determination occurs at many levels which are discussed in the current review. Well-established examples of structural variation between individuals are known to dictate an individual's response to numerous drugs, as clearly illustrated by warfarin. The exponential rate of genomic-based interrogation is coupled with an expanding repertoire of genomic technologies and applications. This is leading to an ever more sophisticated appreciation of how structural variation, regulation of transcription and genomic structure, both individually and collectively, define cell therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie S Gray
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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13
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Kushner MH, Ory V, Graham GT, Sharif GM, Kietzman WB, Thevissen S, Yuan M, Schmidt MO, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. Loss of ANCO1 repression at AIB1/YAP targets drives breast cancer progression. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48741. [PMID: 31788936 PMCID: PMC6945057 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors critical for the transition of normal breast epithelium to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer are not clearly defined. Here, we report that the expression of a subset of YAP-activated and YAP-repressed genes in normal mammary and early-stage breast cancer cells is dependent on the nuclear co-activator AIB1. Gene expression, sequential ChIP, and ChIP-seq analyses show that AIB1 and YAP converge upon TEAD for transcriptional activation and repression. We find that AIB1-YAP repression of genes at the 1q21.3 locus is mediated by AIB1-dependent recruitment of ANCO1, a tumor suppressor whose expression is progressively lost during breast cancer progression. Reducing ANCO1 reverts AIB1-YAP-dependent repression, increases cell size, and enhances YAP-driven aberrant 3D growth. Loss of endogenous ANCO1 occurs during DCIS xenograft progression, a pattern associated with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. We conclude that increased expression of AIB1-YAP co-activated targets coupled with a loss of normal ANCO1 repression is critical to patterns of gene expression that mediate malignant progression of early-stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max H Kushner
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Virginie Ory
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Ghada M Sharif
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - William B Kietzman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Sophia Thevissen
- Department of Molecular MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Meng Yuan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Marcel O Schmidt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Anna T Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
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14
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Kietzman WB, Graham GT, Ory V, Sharif GM, Kushner MH, Gallanis GT, Kallakury B, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. Short- and Long-Term Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibition on Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2220-2232. [PMID: 31451564 PMCID: PMC6891167 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors are used in the treatment of advanced estrogen receptor (ER)(+) breast cancer. Their efficacy in ER(-) and early-stage breast cancer is currently under investigation. Here, we show that palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, can inhibit both progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and growth of invasive disease in both an ER(-) basal breast cancer model (MCFDCIS) and an ER(+) luminal model (MCF7 intraductal injection). In MCFDCIS cells, palbociclib repressed cell-cycle gene expression, inhibited proliferation, induced senescence, and normalized tumorspheres formed in Matrigel while the formation of acini by normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) was not affected. Palbociclib treatment of mice with MCFDCIS tumors inhibited their malignant progression and reduced proliferation of invasive lesions. Transcriptomic analysis of the tumor and stromal cell compartments showed that cell cycle and senescence genes, and MUC16, an ovarian cancer biomarker gene, were repressed during treatment. Knockdown of MUC16 in MCFDCIS cells inhibited proliferation of invasive lesions but not progression of DCIS. After cessation of palbociclib treatment genes associated with differentiation, for example, P63, inflammation, IFNγ response, and antigen processing and presentation remained suppressed in the tumor and surrounding stroma. We conclude that palbociclib can prevent progression of DCIS and is antiproliferative in ER(-) invasive disease mediated in part via MUC16. Lasting effects of CDK4/6 inhibition after drug withdrawal on differentiation and the immune response could impact the approach to treatment of early-stage ER(-) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Kietzman
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Virginie Ory
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ghada M Sharif
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Max H Kushner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gregory T Gallanis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
- The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
- The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anna T Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
- The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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15
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Saenz FR, Ory V, Schmidt MO, Kallakury BV, Mueller SC, Furth PA, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. Depletion of the Transcriptional Coactivator Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1) Uncovers Functionally Distinct Subpopulations in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Neoplasia 2019; 21:963-973. [PMID: 31437536 PMCID: PMC6706655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1) plays a major role in the progression of hormone and HER2-dependent breast cancers but its role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is undefined. Here, we report that established TNBC cell lines, as well as cells from a TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) that survive chemotherapy treatment in vitro express lower levels of AIB1 protein. The surviving cell population has an impaired tube-formation phenotype when cultured onto basement membrane, a property shared with TNBC cells that survive shRNA-mediated depletion of AIB1 (AIB1LOW cells). DNA analysis by exome sequencing revealed that AIB1LOW cells represent a distinct subpopulation. Consistent with their in vitro phenotype AIB1LOW cells implanted orthotopically generated slower growing tumors with less capacity for pulmonary metastases. Gene expression analysis of cultured cells and tumors revealed that AIB1LOW cells display a distinct expression signature of genes in pro-inflammatory pathways, cell adhesion, proteolysis and tissue remodeling. Interestingly, the presence of this AIB1LOW expression signature in breast cancer specimens is associated with shorter disease free survival of chemotherapy treated patients. We concluded that TNBC cell lines contain heterogeneous populations with differential dependence on AIB1 and that the gene expression pattern of AIB1LOW cells may represent a signature indicative of poor response to chemotherapy in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - V Ory
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M O Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S C Mueller
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A T Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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16
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Zhao Z, Zhou S, Li W, Zhong F, Zhang H, Sheng L, Li Y, Xu M, Xu J, Zhan L, Li B, Wang F, Xie D, Tong Z. AIB1 predicts tumor response to definitive chemoradiotherapy and prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:5212-5222. [PMID: 31602272 PMCID: PMC6775615 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) gene, has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in several cancers. However, the molecular status of the AIB1 gene in cervical cancer and the clinicopathological/prognostic significance of AIB1 expression in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) sensitivity have not been determined. In our present study, we found that the high expression of AIB1 was frequent detected in specimens of cervical cancer patients, and this was significantly correlated with CRT response (P = 0.014), clinical stage (P = 0.003), T status (P = 0.027), N status (P = 0.021), M status (P = 0.015) and progression-free survival (P < 0.001). Moreover, the clonogenic survival fraction and cell apoptosis experiments showed that knockdown of AIB1 substantially increased cervical cancer cells sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) or cisplatin/5-fluorouracil. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the high expression of AIB1 in cervical cancer cells contributes to the resistance to CRT, which provides the evidence that AIB1 may be a promising predictor of aggressive cervical cancer patients with poor response to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuguang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jifei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Pathology Department of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Comprehensive Lab, College of Basic medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuting Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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17
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Blundon MA, Dasgupta S. Metabolic Dysregulation Controls Endocrine Therapy-Resistant Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1811-1820. [PMID: 31157867 PMCID: PMC6620757 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer recurrence and metastasis involves many biological interactions, such as genetic, transcription, environmental, endocrine signaling, and metabolism. These interactions add a complex understanding of cancer recurrence and metastatic progression, delaying the advancement in therapeutic opportunities. We highlight the recent advances on the molecular complexities of endocrine-related cancers, focusing on breast and prostate cancer, and briefly review how endocrine signaling and metabolic programs can influence transcriptional complexes for metastasis competence. Nuclear receptors and transcriptional coregulators function as molecular nodes for the crosstalk between endocrine signaling and metabolism that alter downstream gene expression important for tumor progression and metastasis. This exciting regulatory axis may provide insights to the development of cancer therapeutics important for these desensitized endocrine-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachi A Blundon
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- Correspondence: Subhamoy Dasgupta, PhD, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263. E-mail:
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18
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Song X, Chen H, Zhang C, Yu Y, Chen Z, Liang H, Van Buren G, McElhany AL, Fisher WE, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW, Wang J. SRC-3 inhibition blocks tumor growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 442:310-319. [PMID: 30423406 PMCID: PMC6311429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant and lethal disease with few treatment options. Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as NCOA3, AIB1, pCIP, ACTR, RAC3, TRAM1) sits at the nexus of many growth signaling pathways and has been pursued as a therapeutic target for breast, prostate and lung cancers. In this study, we find that SRC-3 is overexpressed in PDAC and inversely correlates with patient overall survival. Knockdown of SRC-3 reduces pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Additionally, inhibition of SRC-3 using either shRNA or a small molecule inhibitor can significantly inhibit tumor growth in orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models. Collectively, this study establishes SRC-3 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNAi Therapeutics
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhou Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy L McElhany
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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19
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Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with NF-κB to increase VEGFC levels in human thyroid cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180394. [PMID: 29717026 PMCID: PMC5997793 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) is essential for development of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic metastases during carcinogenesis. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) interacts with nuclear receptors and transcription factors to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the correlation between SRC-1 and VEGFC levels in the lymphatic metastases of thyroid cancer remains unclear. We analyzed 20-paired specimens of thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue and found increased levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC proteins in 13/20 and 15/20 thyroid cancer specimens, respectively, when compared with those levels in specimens of normal thyroid tissue. A high level of SRC-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGFC and lymphatic endothelial cell marker LYVE-1 expression. Papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 displayed high levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC expression and was selected for stable knockdown of SRC-1 in vitro Inhibition of SRC-1 significantly reduced the VEGFC levels in TPC-1 cells. We found that SRC-1 binds to transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65), and that this coactivation complex directly promoted VEGFC transcription, which could be abrogated by SRC-1 knockdown. Up-regulated NF-kB signaling was also confirmed in thyroid cancer tissues. In vivo studies showed that SRC-1 knockdown restricted tumor growth, reduced the numbers of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels, and decreased the levels of VEGFC in tumor tissues. These results suggest a tumorigenic role for SRC-1 in thyroid cancer via its ability to regulate VEGFC expression.
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20
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Ory V, Kietzman WB, Boeckelman J, Kallakury BV, Wellstein A, Furth PA, Riegel AT. The PPARγ agonist efatutazone delays invasive progression and induces differentiation of ductal carcinoma in situ. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:47-57. [PMID: 29350308 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive lesion of the breast considered a precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma. This study aimed to determine whether activated PPARγ acts as a tumor suppressor in human DCIS progression. METHODS We utilized the high-affinity PPARγ agonist, efatutazone, to activate endogenous PPARγ in a well-defined model for the progression of basal (triple negative) DCIS, MCFDCIS cells, cultured under 2D and 3D conditions. We studied the effects of activated PPARγ on DCIS progression in MCFDCIS xenograft and C3(1)/Tag transgenic mice treated with 30 mg/kg of efatutazone. RESULTS In vitro, efatutazone did not alter the MCFDCIS cell proliferation but induced phenotypic and gene expression changes, indicating that activated PPARγ is able to differentiate MCFDCIS cells into more luminal and lactational-like cells. In addition, MCFDCIS tumorsphere formation in 3D was reduced by PPARγ activation. In vivo, efatutazone-treated MCFDCIS tumors exhibited fat deposition along with upregulation of PPARγ responsive genes in both epithelial and stromal compartments, suggesting features of milk-producing mammary epithelial cell differentiation. The efatutazone-treated lesions were less invasive with fewer CD44+/p63+ basal progenitor cells. PPARγ activation downregulated Akt phosphorylation in these tumors, although the ERK pathway remained unchanged. Similar trends in gene expression changes consistent with lactational and luminal cell differentiation were observed in the C3(1)/Tag mouse model after efatutazone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that activation of the PPARγ pathway differentiates DCIS lesions and may be a useful approach to delay DCIS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Ory
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Jacob Boeckelman
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna T Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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21
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Rubio MF, Lira MC, Rosa FD, Sambresqui AD, Salazar Güemes MC, Costas MA. RAC3 influences the chemoresistance of colon cancer cells through autophagy and apoptosis inhibition. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:111. [PMID: 29209153 PMCID: PMC5706160 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RAC3 coactivator overexpression has been implicated in tumorigenesis, contributing to inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Both mechanisms are involved in resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate its role in chemoresistance of colorectal cancer. Methods The sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells HT-29, HCT 116 and Lovo cell lines, expressing high or low natural levels of RAC3, was investigated using viability assays. Results In HCT 116 cells, we found that although 5-fluorouracil was a poor inducer of apoptosis, autophagy was strongly induced, while oxaliplatin has shown a similar ability to induce both of them. However, in HCT 116 cells expressing a short hairpin RNA for RAC3, we found an increased sensitivity to both drugs if it is compared with control cells. 5-Fluorouracil and oxaliplatin treatment lead to an enhanced caspase 3-dependent apoptosis and produce an increase of autophagy. In addition, both process have shown to be trigged faster than in control cells, starting earlier after stimulation. Conclusions Our results suggest that RAC3 expression levels influence the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the knowledge of RAC3 expression levels in tumoral samples could be an important contribution to design new improved therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Rubio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas (IDIM) Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Apoptosis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Lira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas (IDIM) Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Apoptosis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Damián Rosa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas (IDIM) Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Apoptosis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrían Dario Sambresqui
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. A. Lanari, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Salazar Güemes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Oncology, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. A. Lanari, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Alejandra Costas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas (IDIM) Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Apoptosis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Malhotra A, Jain M, Prakash H, Vasquez KM, Jain A. The regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs in the development of chemoresistance in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110671-110684. [PMID: 29299178 PMCID: PMC5746413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the major hurdles in the treatment of breast cancer, which limits the effect of both targeted and conventional therapies in clinical settings. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underpinning resistance is paramount for developing strategies to circumvent resistance in breast cancer patients. Several published reports have indicated that lncRNAs play a dynamic role in the regulation of both intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance through a variety of mechanisms that endow cells with a drug-resistant phenotype. Although a number of lncRNAs have been implicated in chemoresistance of breast cancer, their mechanistic roles have not been systematically reviewed. Thus, here we present a detailed review on the latest research findings and discoveries on the mechanisms of acquisition of chemoresistance in breast cancer related to lncRNAs, and how lncRNAs take part in various cancer signalling pathways involved in breast cancer cells. Knowledge obtained from this review could assist in the development of new strategies to avoid or reverse drug resistance in breast cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Malhotra
- Center for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Jain
- Center for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, TX, USA
| | - Aklank Jain
- Center for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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23
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Rohira AD, Lonard DM. Steroid receptor coactivators present a unique opportunity for drug development in hormone-dependent cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 140:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Yuan Y, Shan N, Tan B, Deng Q, Liu Y, Wang H, Luo X, He C, Luo X, Zhang H, Baker PN, Olson DM, Qi H. SRC-3 Plays a Critical Role in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:748-758. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117725818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinyin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanbin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Philip N. Baker
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - David M. Olson
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China–Canada–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Molecular Pathways: Targeting Steroid Receptor Coactivators in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5403-5407. [PMID: 27654711 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coactivators represent a large class of proteins that partner with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Given their pleiotropic roles in the control of transcription, coactivators have been implicated in a broad range of human disease states, including cancer. This is best typified by the three members of the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family, each of which integrates steroid hormone signaling and growth factor pathways to drive oncogenic gene expression programs in breast, endometrial, ovarian, prostate, and other cancers. Because of this, coactivators represent emerging targets for cancer therapeutics, and efforts are now being made to develop SRC-targeting agents, such as the SI-2 inhibitor and the novel SRC stimulator, MCB-613, that are able to block cancer growth in cell culture and animal model systems. Here, we will discuss the mechanisms through which coactivators drive cancer progression and how targeting coactivators represent a novel conceptual approach to combat tumor growth that is distinct from the use of other targeted therapeutic agents. We also will describe efforts to develop next-generation SRC inhibitors and stimulators that can be taken into the clinic for the treatment of recurrent, drug-resistant cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5403-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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26
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Qin L, Xu Y, Xu Y, Ma G, Liao L, Wu Y, Li Y, Wang X, Wang X, Jiang J, Wang J, Xu J. NCOA1 promotes angiogenesis in breast tumors by simultaneously enhancing both HIF1α- and AP-1-mediated VEGFa transcription. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23890-904. [PMID: 26287601 PMCID: PMC4695159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancer and its increased expression positively correlates with disease recurrence and metastasis. Although NCOA1 is known to promote breast cancer metastasis through working with multiple transcription factors to upregulate the expression of Twist1, ITGA5, CSF-1, SDF1 and CXCR4, the role of NCOA1 in breast tumor angiogenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we found that the microvascular density (MVD) was significantly decreased and increased in Ncoa1-knockout and NCOA1-overexpressing mammary tumors, respectively, in several breast cancer mouse models. Knockout or knockdown of NCOA1 in breast cancer cell lines also markedly compromised their capability to induce angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs embedded subcutaneously in mice, while this compromised capability could be rescued by VEGFa treatment. At the molecular level, NCOA1 upregulates VEGFa expression in both mouse mammary tumors and cultured breast cancer cells, and it does so by associating with both c-Fos, which is recruited to the AP-1 site at bp −938 of the VEGFa promoter, and HIF1α, which is recruited to the HIF1α-binding element at bp −979 of the VEGFa promoter, to enhance VEGFa transcription. In 140 human breast tumors, high NCOA1 protein correlates with high MVD and patients with both high NCOA1 and high MVD showed significantly shorter survival time. In summary, this study revealed a novel mechanism that NCOA1 potentiates breast cancer angiogenesis through upregulating HIF1α and AP-1-mediated VEGFa expression, which reinforces the rational of targeting NCOA1 in controlling breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yelin Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute for Cancer Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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27
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The Role of Steroid Receptor Coactivators in Hormone Dependent Cancers and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Discov Oncol 2016; 7:229-35. [PMID: 27125199 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family members (SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3) interact with nuclear receptors (NRs) and many transcription factors to enhance target gene transcription. Deregulation of SRCs is widely implicated in NR mediated diseases, especially hormone dependent cancers. By integrating steroid hormone signaling and growth factor pathways, SRC proteins exert multiple modes of oncogenic regulation in cancers and represent emerging targets for cancer therapeutics. Recent work has identified SRC-targeting agents that show promise in blocking tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, and have the potential to function as powerful and broadly encompassing treatments for different cancers.
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28
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Nikolai BC, Lanz RB, York B, Dasgupta S, Mitsiades N, Creighton CJ, Tsimelzon A, Hilsenbeck SG, Lonard DM, Smith CL, O'Malley BW. HER2 Signaling Drives DNA Anabolism and Proliferation through SRC-3 Phosphorylation and E2F1-Regulated Genes. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1463-75. [PMID: 26833126 PMCID: PMC4794399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of early-stage breast cancers display amplification or overexpression of the ErbB2/HER2 oncogene, conferring poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy. Targeting HER2(+) tumors with trastuzumab or the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor lapatinib significantly improves survival, yet tumor resistance and progression of metastatic disease still develop over time. Although the mechanisms of cytosolic HER2 signaling are well studied, nuclear signaling components and gene regulatory networks that bestow therapeutic resistance and limitless proliferative potential are incompletely understood. Here, we use biochemical and bioinformatic approaches to identify effectors and targets of HER2 transcriptional signaling in human breast cancer. Phosphorylation and activity of the Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3) is reduced upon HER2 inhibition, and recruitment of SRC-3 to regulatory elements of endogenous genes is impaired. Transcripts regulated by HER2 signaling are highly enriched with E2F1 binding sites and define a gene signature associated with proliferative breast tumor subtypes, cell-cycle progression, and DNA replication. We show that HER2 signaling promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through regulation of E2F1-driven DNA metabolism and replication genes together with phosphorylation and activity of the transcriptional coactivator SRC-3. Furthermore, our analyses identified a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling node that, when targeted using the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, defines overlap and divergence of adjuvant pharmacologic targeting. Importantly, lapatinib and palbociclib strictly block de novo synthesis of DNA, mostly through disruption of E2F1 and its target genes. These results have implications for rational discovery of pharmacologic combinations in preclinical models of adjuvant treatment and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Nikolai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Tsimelzon
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carolyn L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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29
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Zwart W, Flach KD, Rudraraju B, Abdel-Fatah TMA, Gojis O, Canisius S, Moore D, Nevedomskaya E, Opdam M, Droog M, Hofland I, Chan S, Shaw J, Ellis IO, Coombes RC, Carroll JS, Ali S, Palmieri C. SRC3 Phosphorylation at Serine 543 Is a Positive Independent Prognostic Factor in ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:479-91. [PMID: 26369632 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The steroid receptor coactivator SRC3 is essential for the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα). SRC3 is sufficient to cause mammary tumorigenesis, and has also been implicated in endocrine resistance. SRC3 is posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, but these events have not been investigated with regard to functionality or disease association. Here, we investigate the spatial selectivity of SRC3-pS543/DNA binding over the human genome and its expression in primary human breast cancer in relation with outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Chromatin immunoprecipitation, coupled with sequencing, was used to determine the chromatin binding patterns of SRC3-pS543 in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and two untreated primary breast cancers. IHC was used to assess the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543 in 1,650 primary breast cancers. The relationship between the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543, disease-free survival (DFS), and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) was assessed. RESULTS Although total SRC3 is selectively found at enhancer regions, SRC3-pS543 is recruited to promoters of ERα responsive genes, both in the MCF7 cell line and primary breast tumor specimens. SRC3-pS543 was associated with both improved DFS (P = 0.003) and BCSS (P = 0.001) in tamoxifen untreated high-risk patients, such a correlation was not seen in tamoxifen-treated cases, the interaction was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed SRC3-pS543 to be an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylation of SRC3 at S543 affects its genomic interactions on a genome-wide level, where SRC3-pS543 is selectively recruited to promoters of ERα-responsive genes. SRC3-pS543 is a prognostic marker, and a predictive marker of response to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert Zwart
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Koen D Flach
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bharath Rudraraju
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek M A Abdel-Fatah
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ondrej Gojis
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sander Canisius
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Moore
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Droog
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Hofland
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steve Chan
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqui Shaw
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Liverpool and Merseyside Academic Breast Unit, The Linda McCartney Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Academic Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom.
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30
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) act as an integrated conduit for environmental and hormonal signals to govern genomic responses, which relate to cell fate decisions. We review how their integrated actions with each other, shared co-factors and other transcription factors are disrupted in cancer. Steroid hormone nuclear receptors are oncogenic drivers in breast and prostate cancer and blockade of signaling is a major therapeutic goal. By contrast to blockade of receptors, in other cancers enhanced receptor function is attractive, as illustrated initially with targeting of retinoic acid receptors in leukemia. In the post-genomic era large consortia, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, have developed a remarkable volume of genomic data with which to examine multiple aspects of nuclear receptor status in a pan-cancer manner. Therefore to extend the review of NR function we have also undertaken bioinformatics analyses of NR expression in over 3000 tumors, spread across six different tumor types (bladder, breast, colon, head and neck, liver and prostate). Specifically, to ask how the NR expression was distorted (altered expression, mutation and CNV) we have applied bootstrapping approaches to simulate data for comparison, and also compared these NR findings to 12 other transcription factor families. Nuclear receptors were uniquely and uniformly downregulated across all six tumor types, more than predicted by chance. These approaches also revealed that each tumor type had a specific NR expression profile but these were most similar between breast and prostate cancer. Some NRs were down-regulated in at least five tumor types (e.g. NR3C2/MR and NR5A2/LRH-1)) whereas others were uniquely down-regulated in one tumor (e.g. NR1B3/RARG). The downregulation was not driven by copy number variation or mutation and epigenetic mechanisms maybe responsible for the altered nuclear receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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31
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Wang L, Yu Y, Chow DC, Yan F, Hsu CC, Stossi F, Mancini MA, Palzkill T, Liao L, Zhou S, Xu J, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Characterization of a Steroid Receptor Coactivator Small Molecule Stimulator that Overstimulates Cancer Cells and Leads to Cell Stress and Death. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:240-52. [PMID: 26267537 PMCID: PMC4536575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By integrating growth pathways on which cancer cells rely, steroid receptor coactivators (SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3) represent emerging targets in cancer therapeutics. High-throughput screening for SRC small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) uncovered MCB-613 as a potent SRC small molecule "stimulator" (SMS). We demonstrate that MCB-613 can super-stimulate SRCs' transcriptional activity. Further investigation revealed that MCB-613 increases SRCs' interactions with other coactivators and markedly induces ER stress coupled to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because cancer cells overexpress SRCs and rely on them for growth, we show that we can exploit MCB-613 to selectively induce excessive stress in cancer cells. This suggests that over-stimulating the SRC oncogenic program can be an effective strategy to kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dar-Chone Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Chao Hsu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suoling Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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32
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Peng X, Li F, Wang P, Jia S, Sun L, Huo H. Apelin-13 induces MCF-7 cell proliferation and invasion via phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:733-8. [PMID: 26135903 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin-13 is extensively expressed in various tissues, particularly breast tissue. Apelin‑13 has been shown to promote tumor proliferation in various types of cancer, including hepatocellular, lung and ovarian cancer. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of apelin‑13 in breast cancer cells remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect of apelin‑13 on MCF‑7. Therefore, cell proliferation was determined by MTT and flow cytometry analysis. The results revealed that apelin‑13 markedly increased cell proliferation. Transwell assays demonstrated that apelin‑13 increased MCF‑7 cell invasion. Apelin‑13 also markedly increased the expression of cyclin D1, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase‑1 and amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) in a dose‑dependent manner by polymerase chain reaction assays. To study the molecular mechanism, cell proliferation, invasion and cyclin D1 were inhibited by pre‑treatment with 10 µM of PD98059 (ERK(1/2) inhibitor). Western blotting results suggested that apelin‑13 significantly enhances the expression of p‑ERK(1/2) in a concentration‑dependent manner. In conclusion, the results suggest that apelin‑13 promoted MCF-7 cell proliferation and invasion via the ERK1/2/AIB1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Fengyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Sharif GM, Schmidt MO, Yi C, Hu Z, Haddad BR, Glasgow E, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Cell growth density modulates cancer cell vascular invasion via Hippo pathway activity and CXCR2 signaling. Oncogene 2015; 34:5879-89. [PMID: 25772246 PMCID: PMC4573390 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis of cancer cells involves multiple steps, including their dissociation from the primary tumor and invasion through the endothelial cell barrier to enter the circulation and finding their way to distant organ sites where they extravasate and establish metastatic lesions. Deficient contact inhibition is a hallmark of invasive cancer cells, yet surprisingly the vascular invasiveness of commonly studied cancer cell lines is regulated by the density at which cells are propagated in culture. Cells grown at high density were less effective at invading an endothelial monolayer than cells grown at low density. This phenotypic difference was also observed in a zebrafish model of vascular invasion of cancer cells after injection into the yolk sac and extravasation of cancer cells into tissues from the vasculature. The vascular invasive phenotypes were reversible. A kinome-wide RNAi screen was used to identify drivers of vascular invasion by panning shRNA library transduced non-invasive cancer cell populations on endothelial monolayers. The selection of invasive subpopulations showed enrichment of shRNAs targeting the LATS1 (large tumor suppressor 1) kinase that inhibits the activity of the transcriptional coactivator YAP in the Hippo pathway. Depletion of LATS1 from non-invasive cancer cells restored the invasive phenotype. Complementary to this, inhibition or depletion of YAP inhibited invasion in vitro and in vivo. The vascular invasive phenotype was associated with a YAP-dependent up-regulation of the cytokines IL6, IL8, and CXCL1, 2, and 3. Antibody blockade of cytokine receptors inhibited invasion and confirmed that they are rate-limiting drivers that promote cancer cell vascular invasiveness and could provide therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Sharif
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M O Schmidt
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Yi
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Z Hu
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B R Haddad
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E Glasgow
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A T Riegel
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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NCOA3-mediated upregulation of mucin expression via transcriptional and post-translational changes during the development of pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4879-89. [PMID: 25531332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by aberrant overexpression of mucins that contribute to its pathogenesis. Although the inflammatory cytokines contribute to mucin overexpression, the mucin profile of PC is markedly distinct from that of normal or inflamed pancreas. We postulated that de novo expression of various mucins in PC involves chromatin modifications. Analysis of chromatin modifying enzymes by PCR array identified differential expression of NCOA3 in MUC4-expressing PC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry analysis in tumor tissues from patients and spontaneous mouse models, and microarray analysis following the knockdown of NCOA3 were performed to elucidate its role in mucin regulation and overall impact on PC. Silencing of NCOA3 in PC cell lines resulted in significant downregulation of two most differentially expressed mucins in PC, MUC4 and MUC1 (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis in PC tissues and metastatic lesions established an association between NCOA3 and mucin (MUC1 and MUC4) expression. Spontaneous mouse model of PC (K-ras(G12D); Pdx-1cre) showed early expression of Ncoa3 during pre-neoplastic lesions. Mechanistically, NCOA3 knockdown abrogated retinoic acid-mediated MUC4 upregulation by restricting MUC4 promoter accessibility as demonstrated by micrococcus nuclease digestion (P<0.05) and chromatin immuno-precipitation analysis. NCOA3 also created pro-inflammatory conditions by upregulating chemokines like CXCL1, 2, 5 and CCL20 (P<0.001). AKT, ubiquitin C, ERK1/2 and NF-κB occupied dominant nodes in the networks significantly modulated after NCOA3 silencing. In addition, NCOA3 stabilized mucins post translationally through fucosylation by FUT8, as the knockdown of FUT8 resulted in the downregulation of MUC4 and MUC1 at protein levels.
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Tien JCY, Liao L, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lee DK, Wang F, Xu J. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 is required for developing neuroendocrine tumor in the mouse prostate. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1116-27. [PMID: 25332686 PMCID: PMC4202028 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumor cells (NETCs) are commonly observed in prostate cancer. Their presence is associated with castration resistance, metastasis and poor prognosis. Cellular and molecular mechanisms for NETC initiation and growth are unknown. TRAMP mice develop heterogeneous adenocarcinomas induced by expression of the SV40-T/t oncogene in prostate epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate prostate tumors in TRAMP mice with a mixed genetic background are characterized mostly by atypical hyperplasia (AH) containing steroid receptor coactiator-3-positive, androgen receptor-positive and synaptophysin-negative (SRC-3+/AR+/Syp-) cells. Few SRC-3+/AR-/Syp+ NETCs are present in their prostates. We generated TRAMP mice in which SRC-3 was specifically ablated in AR+/Syp- prostatic epithelial cells (termed PE3KOT mice). In these animals, we observed a substantial reduction in SRC-3-/AR+/Syp- AH tumor growth. There was a corresponding increase in SRC-3-/AR+/Syp- phyllodes lesions, suggesting SRC-3 knockout can convert aggressive AH tumors with mostly epithelial tumor cells into less aggressive phyllodes lesions with mostly stromal tissue. Surprisingly, PE3KOT mice developed many more SRC-3+/AR-/Syp+ NETCs versus control TRAMP mice, indicating SRC-3 expression was retained in NETCs. In contrast, TRAMP mice with global SRC-3 knockout did not develop any NETC, indicating SRC-3 is required for developing NETC. Analysis of cell-differentiating markers revealed that these NETCs might not be derived from the mature AR-/Syp+ neuroendocrine cells or the AR+/Syp- luminal epithelial tumor cells. Instead, these NETCs might originate from the SV40-T/t-transformed intermediate/progenitor epithelial cells. In summary, SRC-3 is required for both AR+/Syp- AH tumor growth and AR-/Syp+ NETC development, suggesting SRC-3 is a target for inhibiting aggressive prostate cancer containing NETCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ching-Yi Tien
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yonghong Liu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoliang Liu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dong-Kee Lee
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 3. Insitute for Cancer Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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36
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Mo P, Zhou Q, Guan L, Wang Y, Wang W, Miao M, Tong Z, Li M, Majaz S, Liu Y, Su G, Xu J, Yu C. Amplified in breast cancer 1 promotes colorectal cancer progression through enhancing notch signaling. Oncogene 2014; 34:3935-3945. [PMID: 25263446 PMCID: PMC4377317 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Notch signaling has an essential role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), also known as steroid receptor coactivator 3 or NCOA3, is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. However, AIB1 implication in CRC progression through enhancing Notch signaling is unknown. In this study, we found that several CRC cell lines expressed high levels of AIB1, and knockdown of AIB1 decreased cell proliferation, colony formation and tumorigenesis of these CRC cells. Specifically, knockdown of AIB1 inhibited cell cycle progression at G1 phase by decreasing the mRNA levels of cyclin A2, cyclin B1, cyclin E2 and hairy and enhancer of split (Hes) 1. Furthermore, AIB1 interacted with Notch intracellular domain and Mastermind-like 1 and was recruited to the Hes1 promoter to enhance Notch signaling. Downregulation of AIB1 also decreased CRC cell invasiveness in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Besides that, knockout of AIB1 in mice inhibited colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate treatment. The mRNA levels of cyclin B1 and Hes5 were downregulated, but p27, ATOH1 and MUC2 were upregulated in the colon tumors from AIB1-deficient mice compared with those from wild-type mice. Thus, our results signify the importance of AIB1 in CRC and demonstrate that AIB1 promotes CRC progression at least in part through enhancing Notch signaling, suggesting that AIB1 is a potential molecular target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengmeng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangwei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sidra Majaz
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoqiang Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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37
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Wang W, Bian K, Vallabhaneni S, Zhang B, Wu RC, O'Malley BW, Long W. ERK3 promotes endothelial cell functions by upregulating SRC-3/SP1-mediated VEGFR2 expression. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1529-37. [PMID: 24585635 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite a regain of interest recently in ERK3 kinase signaling, the molecular regulations of both ERK3 gene expression and protein kinase activity are still largely unknown. While it is shown that disruption of ERK3 gene causes neonatal lethality, cell type-specific functions of ERK3 signaling remain to be explored. In this study, we report that ERK3 gene expression is upregulated by cytokines through c-Jun in endothelial cells; c-Jun binds to the ERK3 gene and regulates its transcription. We further reveal a new role for ERK3 in regulating endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation by upregulating SRC-3/SP-1-mediated VEGFR2 expression. The underlying molecular mechanism involves ERK3-stimulated formation of a transcriptional complex involving coactivator SRC-3, transcription factor SP-1 and the secondary coactivator CBP. Taken together, our study identified a molecular regulatory mechanism of ERK3 gene expression and revealed a previously unknown role of ERK3 in regulating endothelial cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
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38
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Archibald A, Mihai C, Macara IG, McCaffrey L. Oncogenic suppression of apoptosis uncovers a Rac1/JNK proliferation pathway activated by loss of Par3. Oncogene 2014; 34:3199-206. [PMID: 25109337 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of epithelial organization and loss of growth control are universal features of carcinomas, yet how these features are linked during cancer progression remains poorly understood. Cell polarity proteins control cellular and tissue organization and are emerging as important mediators of cancer progression. The Par3 polarity protein is a molecular scaffold that functions to recruit and spatially organize signaling factors, and was recently identified as a suppressor of breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that loss of Par3 in mammary epithelial cells promotes apoptosis, and that oncogenic Notch overcomes the apoptotic signal to reveal an unexpected pro-proliferative role for loss of Par3 in mammary tumors. In this context, loss of Par3 deregulates Rac1 activity to activate Jun N-terminal Kinase-dependent proliferation and tumor growth. Thus, we demonstrate a mechanism by which loss of Par3 promotes proliferation and tumorigenesis, which supports a tumor-suppressive function for Par3 in the mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Archibald
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Mihai
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - I G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L McCaffrey
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Saenz FR, Ory V, AlOtaiby M, Rosenfield S, Furlong M, Cavalli LR, Johnson MD, Liu X, Schlegel R, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. Conditionally reprogrammed normal and transformed mouse mammary epithelial cells display a progenitor-cell-like phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97666. [PMID: 24831228 PMCID: PMC4022745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial (ME) cells cultured under conventional conditions senesce after several passages. Here, we demonstrate that mouse ME cells isolated from normal mammary glands or from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu–induced mammary tumors, can be cultured indefinitely as conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) on irradiated fibroblasts in the presence of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Cell surface progenitor-associated markers are rapidly induced in normal mouse ME-CRCs relative to ME cells. However, the expression of certain mammary progenitor subpopulations, such as CD49f+ ESA+ CD44+, drops significantly in later passages. Nevertheless, mouse ME-CRCs grown in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix gave rise to mammary acinar structures. ME-CRCs isolated from MMTV-Neu transgenic mouse mammary tumors express high levels of HER2/neu, as well as tumor-initiating cell markers, such as CD44+, CD49f+, and ESA+ (EpCam). These patterns of expression are sustained in later CRC passages. Early and late passage ME-CRCs from MMTV-Neu tumors that were implanted in the mammary fat pads of syngeneic or nude mice developed vascular tumors that metastasized within 6 weeks of transplantation. Importantly, the histopathology of these tumors was indistinguishable from that of the parental tumors that develop in the MMTV-Neu mice. Application of the CRC system to mouse mammary epithelial cells provides an attractive model system to study the genetics and phenotype of normal and transformed mouse epithelium in a defined culture environment and in vivo transplant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R. Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Virginie Ory
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Maram AlOtaiby
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Sonia Rosenfield
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Mary Furlong
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Luciane R. Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Garee JP, Chien CD, Li JV, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. Regulation of HER2 oncogene transcription by a multifunctional coactivator/corepressor complex. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:846-59. [PMID: 24678732 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the HER2 oncogene can be repressed by estrogen (E2). We now show that, a splice isoform of the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1, AIB1-Δ4, is able to reverse E2 repression of HER2 gene expression in breast cancer cells. The first 224 amino acids of AIB1 that are absent in AIB1-Δ4, bind a co-repressor, ANCO1. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay approaches in MCF7 and BT474 cell lines, we demonstrate that AIB1 and AIB1-Δ4 can bind to the E2 regulatory site in the first intron of the HER2 gene, after E2 treatment, but only full-length AIB1 recruits ANCO1. Consistent with E2-induced chromatin repression, the AIB1-ANCO1 complex recruits HDAC3 and HDAC4 to the intronic estrogen response element and the proximal promoter acquires the repressive chromatin mark H3K9me3 and loses H3K4me1. In contrast, AIB1-Δ4 does not recruit ANCO 1, HDAC3, or HDAC4 and the proximal promoter retains activation marks of H3K4me1. In cell lines with low levels of ANCO1 (T47D), E2 does not repress HER2 gene transcription but the repressive response can be restored by overexpression of ANCO1. ANCO1 can also repress other E2-responsive genes, indicating that AIB1, AIB1-Δ4 and ANCO1 are important determinants of endocrine and growth factor responsiveness in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Garee
- Department of Oncology (J.P.G., C.D.C., J.V.L., A.W., A.T.R.), Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007; and Pediatric Oncology Branch (C.D.C.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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41
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Wang Y, Lonard DM, Yu Y, Chow DC, Palzkill TG, Wang J, Qi R, Matzuk AJ, Song X, Madoux F, Hodder P, Chase P, Griffin PR, Zhou S, Liao L, Xu J, O'Malley BW. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators SRC-3 and SRC-1. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1506-1517. [PMID: 24390736 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Virtually all transcription factors partner with coactivators that recruit chromatin remodeling factors and interact with the basal transcription machinery. Coactivators have been implicated in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, including the p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family composed of SRC-1 (NCOA1), SRC-2 (TIF2/GRIP1/NCOA2), and SRC-3 (AIB1/ACTR/NCOA3). Given their broad involvement in many cancers, they represent candidate molecular targets for new chemotherapeutics. Here, we report on the results of a high-throughput screening effort that identified the cardiac glycoside bufalin as a potent small-molecule inhibitor for SRC-3 and SRC-1. Bufalin strongly promoted SRC-3 protein degradation and was able to block cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations. When incorporated into a nanoparticle delivery system, bufalin was able to reduce tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer. Our work identifies bufalin as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dar-Chone Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy G Palzkill
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruogu Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander J Matzuk
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianzhou Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Franck Madoux
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Peter Hodder
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Suoling Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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42
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Abstract
Mammalian basic HLH (helix-loop-helix)-PER-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) proteins are heterodimeric transcription factors that sense and respond to environmental signals (such as pollutants) or to physiological signals (for example, hypoxia and circadian rhythms) through their two PAS domains. PAS domains form a generic three-dimensional fold, which commonly contains an internal cavity capable of small-molecule binding and outer surfaces adept at protein-protein interactions. These proteins are important in several pro-tumour and antitumour pathways and their activities can be modulated by both natural metabolites and oncometabolites. Recently determined structures and successful small-molecule screening programmes are now providing new opportunities to discover selective agonists and antagonists directed against this multitasking family of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bersten
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science (Biochemistry) and the Centre for Molecular Pathology, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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43
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Luo F, Li W, Zhang J, Huang K, Fu J, Xie Z. Overexpression of steroid receptor coactivator-3 in bone cancers: an in vivo immunohistochemical study with tissue microarray. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:790-6. [PMID: 24134957 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is steroid-responsive and profoundly regulated by steroids and/or their receptors. Bone cancers (either primary or metastatic) belong to the most dangerous tumors. Previous studies have demonstrated overexpression of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) in many cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, functioning in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, so far, the expression and function of SRC-3 in bone cancers have not yet been clarified. In this study, nickel-intensified immunohistochemistry was conducted using a commercial tissue microarray (with 94 cases of bone cancer tissue and 10 normal bone tissues), and the 4-scoring system was employed to evaluate the expression levels of SRC-3 immunoreactivity. The results showed that in normal bone tissue, levels of SRC-3 are almost negative (score=0), the total positivity (score=1-3) of SRC-3 immunoreactivities in bone cancers was 74.47%. There were no significant differences in gender, status (malignant or benign) or (mean) age (p>0.05). The percentage of positivity was 77.78% in osteogenic tumors, 58.82% in cartilage tumors, 70% in giant cell tumors, 100% in hematopoietic tumors, 77.78% in miscellaneous lesions, and 75% in miscellaneous tumors. Age related differences of SRC-3 immunoreactivities were detected in cartilage tumors and giant cell tumors (p<0.05). The above results clearly demonstrated a high frequency of overexpression of SRC-3 immunoreactivities in different bone cancers, indicating its potential roles in the prognosis and treatment of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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44
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Ory V, Tassi E, Cavalli LR, Sharif GM, Saenz F, Baker T, Schmidt MO, Mueller SC, Furth PA, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. The nuclear coactivator amplified in breast cancer 1 maintains tumor-initiating cells during development of ductal carcinoma in situ. Oncogene 2013; 33:3033-42. [PMID: 23851504 PMCID: PMC3943533 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The key molecular events required for the formation of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) and its progression to invasive breast carcinoma have not been defined. Here we show that the nuclear receptor coactivator Amplified In Breast cancer 1 (AIB1) is expressed at low levels in normal breast but is highly expressed in DCIS lesions. This is of significance since reduction of AIB1 in human MCFDCIS cells restored a more normal 3D mammary acinar structure. Reduction of AIB1 in MCFDCIS cells, both prior to DCIS development or in existing MCFDCIS lesions in vivo, inhibited tumor growth and led to smaller, necrotic lesions. AIB1 reduction in MCFDCIS cells was correlated with significant reduction in the CD24−/CD44+ Breast Cancer Initiating Cells (BCIC) population, and a decrease in myoepithelial progenitor cells in the DCIS lesions in vitro and in vivo. Loss of AIB1 in MCFDCIS cells was also accompanied by a loss of expression of NOTCH 2, 3 and 4, JAG2, HES1, GATA3, HER2 and HER3 in vivo. These signaling molecules have been associated with differentiation of breast epithelial progenitor cells. These data indicate that AIB1 plays a central role in the initiation and maintenance of DCIS and that reduction of AIB1 causes loss of BCIC, loss of components of the NOTCH, HER2 and HER3 signaling pathways and fewer DCIS myoepithelial progenitor cells in vivo. We propose that increased expression of AIB1, through maintenance of BCIC, facilitates formation of DCIS, a necessary step prior to development of invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ory
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E Tassi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L R Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G M Sharif
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T Baker
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M O Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S C Mueller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A T Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Tien JCY, Liu Z, Liao L, Wang F, Xu Y, Wu YL, Zhou N, Ittmann M, Xu J. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 is required for the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3997-4008. [PMID: 23650284 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator SRC-3 plays a key role in enhancing prostate cancer cell proliferation. Although SRC-3 is highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer, its role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) driven by PTEN mutation is unknown. We documented elevated SRC-3 in human CRPC and in PTEN-negative human prostate cancer. Patients with high SRC-3 and undetectable PTEN exhibited decreased recurrence-free survival. To explore the causal relationship in these observations, we generated mice in which both Pten and SRC-3 were inactivated in prostate epithelial cells (Pten3CKO mice), comparing them with mice in which only Pten was inactivated in these cells (PtenCKO mice). SRC-3 deletion impaired cellular proliferation and reduced tumor size. Notably, while castration of PtenCKO control mice increased the aggressiveness of prostate tumors relative to noncastrated counterparts, deletion of SRC-3 in Pten3CKO mice reversed all these changes. In support of this finding, castrated Pten3CKO mice also exhibited decreased levels of phospho-Akt, S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), and phosphorylated S6 protein (RPS6), all of which mediate cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, these tumors appeared to be more differentiated as evidenced by higher levels of Fkbp5, an AR-responsive gene that inhibits Akt signaling. Lastly, these tumors also displayed lower levels of certain androgen-repressed genes such as cyclin E2 and MMP10. Together, our results show that SRC-3 drives CRPC formation and offer preclinical proof of concept for a transcriptional coactivator as a therapeutic target to abrogate CRPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C-Y Tien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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PTEN suppresses the oncogenic function of AIB1 through decreasing its protein stability via mechanism involving Fbw7 alpha. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:21. [PMID: 23514585 PMCID: PMC3610140 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a phosphatase having both protein and lipid phosphatase activities, and is known to antagonize the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, resulting in tumor suppression. PTEN is also known to play a role in the regulation of numerous transcription factors. Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) is a transcriptional coactivator that mediates the transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. The present study investigated how PTEN may regulate AIB1, which is amplified and/or overexpressed in many human carcinomas, including breast cancers. RESULTS PTEN interacted with AIB1 via its phophatase domain and regulated the transcriptional activity of AIB1 by enhancing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AIB1. This process did not appear to require the phosphatase activity of PTEN, but instead, involved the interaction between PTEN and F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 alpha (Fbw7α), the E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitination of AIB1. PTEN interacted with Fbw7α via its C2 domain, thereby acting as a bridge between AIB1 and Fbw7α, and this led to enhanced degradation of AIB1, which eventually accounted for its decreased transcriptional activity. At the cell level, knockdown of PTEN in MCF-7 cells promoted cell proliferation. However when AIB1 was also knocked down, knockdown of PTEN had no effect on cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS PTEN might act as a negative regulator of AIB1 whereby the association of PTEN with both AIB1 and Fbw7α could lead to the downregulation of AIB1 transcriptional activity, with the consequence of regulating the oncogenic function of AIB1.
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Denkert C, Huober J, Loibl S, Prinzler J, Kronenwett R, Darb-Esfahani S, Brase JC, Solbach C, Mehta K, Fasching PA, Sinn BV, Engels K, Reinisch M, Hansmann ML, Tesch H, von Minckwitz G, Untch M. HER2 and ESR1 mRNA expression levels and response to neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R11. [PMID: 23391338 PMCID: PMC3672694 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data suggest that benefit from trastuzumab and chemotherapy might be related to expression of HER2 and estrogen receptor (ESR1). Therefore, we investigated HER2 and ESR1 mRNA levels in core biopsies of HER2-positive breast carcinomas from patients treated within the neoadjuvant GeparQuattro trial. METHODS HER2 levels were centrally analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and qRT-PCR in 217 pretherapeutic formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) core biopsies. All tumors had been HER2-positive by local pathology and had been treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab/ chemotherapy in GeparQuattro. RESULTS Only 73% of the tumors (158 of 217) were centrally HER2-positive (cHER2-positive) by IHC/SISH, with cHER2-positive tumors showing a significantly higher pCR rate (46.8% vs. 20.3%, P <0.0005). HER2 status by qRT-PCR showed a concordance of 88.5% with the central IHC/SISH status, with a low pCR rate in those tumors that were HER2-negative by mRNA analysis (21.1% vs. 49.6%, P <0.0005). The level of HER2 mRNA expression was linked to response rate in ESR1-positive tumors, but not in ESR1-negative tumors. HER2 mRNA expression was significantly associated with pCR in the HER2-positive/ESR1-positive tumors (P = 0.004), but not in HER2-positive/ESR1-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS Only patients with cHER2-positive tumors - irrespective of the method used - have an increased pCR rate with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. In patients with cHER2-negative tumors the pCR rate is comparable to the pCR rate in the non-trastuzumab treated HER-negative population. Response to trastuzumab is correlated to HER2 mRNA levels only in ESR1-positive tumors. This study adds further evidence to the different biology of both subsets within the HER2-positive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Huober
- Breast Cancer Center, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Breast Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, CH-9007, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, Martin-Behaim-Str. 12, D-63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Judith Prinzler
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Kronenwett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Sividon Diagnostics, Nattermannallee 1, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Cologne, Nattermannallee 1, D-50829 Germany
| | - Silvia Darb-Esfahani
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan C Brase
- Sividon Diagnostics, Nattermannallee 1, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Frauenklinik, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Keyur Mehta
- German Breast Group, Martin-Behaim-Str. 12, D-63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Universitätssstr. 21, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bruno V Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Engels
- Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mattea Reinisch
- German Breast Group, Martin-Behaim-Str. 12, D-63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis am Bethanien-Krankenhaus, Im Prüfling 17-19, D-60389 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Michael Untch
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
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Renoir JM, Marsaud V, Lazennec G. Estrogen receptor signaling as a target for novel breast cancer therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:449-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Modulation of cancer traits by tumor suppressor microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1822-42. [PMID: 23325049 PMCID: PMC3565350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. In mammalian cells, miRNAs typically suppress mRNA stability and/or translation through partial complementarity with target mRNAs. Each miRNA can regulate a wide range of mRNAs, and a single mRNA can be regulated by multiple miRNAs. Through these complex regulatory interactions, miRNAs participate in many cellular processes, including carcinogenesis. By altering gene expression patterns, cancer cells can develop specific phenotypes that allow them to proliferate, survive, secure oxygen and nutrients, evade immune recognition, invade other tissues and metastasize. At the same time, cancer cells acquire miRNA signature patterns distinct from those of normal cells; the differentially expressed miRNAs contribute to enabling the cancer traits. Over the past decade, several miRNAs have been identified, which functioned as oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or tumor-suppressive miRNAs (TS-miRNAs). In this review, we focus specifically on TS-miRNAs and their effects on well-established cancer traits. We also discuss the rising interest in TS-miRNAs in cancer therapy.
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Renoir JM. Estradiol receptors in breast cancer cells: associated co-factors as targets for new therapeutic approaches. Steroids 2012; 77:1249-61. [PMID: 22917634 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) are nuclear receptors which transduce estradiol (E2) response in many tissues including the mammary gland and breast cancers (BC). They activate or inhibit specific genes involved in cell cycle progression and cell survival through multiple enzyme activities leading to malignant transformation. Hormone therapy (antiestrogens (AEs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been widely used to block the mitogenic action of E2 in patients with ER-positive BC. ERs act in concert with numerous other proteins outside and inside the nucleus where co-activators such as histone modifying enzymes help reaching optimum gene activation. Moreover, E2-mediated gene regulation can occur through ERs located at the plasma membrane or G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), triggering protein kinase signaling cascades. Classical AEs as well as AIs are inefficient to block the cascades of events emanating from the membrane and from E2 binding to GPER, leading patients to escape anti-hormone treatments and hormone therapy resistance. Many pathways are involved in resistance, mostly resulting from over-expression of growth factor membrane receptors, in particular the HER2/ErbB2 which can be inhibited by specific antibodies or tyrosine kinases inhibitors. Together with the Hsp90 molecular chaperone machinery, a complex interplay between ERs, co-activators, co-repressors and growth factor-activated membrane pathways represents potent targets which warrant to be manipulated alone and in combination to designing novel therapies. The discovery of new potential targets arising from micro array studies gives the opportunity to activate or inhibit different new ER-modulating effectors for innovative therapeutic interventions.
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