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Kaur Sandhu S, Raut J, Kumar S, Singh M, Ahmed B, Singh J, Rana V, Rishi P, Ganesh N, Dua K, Pal Kaur I. Nanocurcumin and viable Lactobacillus plantarum based sponge dressing for skin wound healing. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123187. [PMID: 37394156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40; L. plantarum) were currently co-incorporated into a wound dressing. The combination with manifold anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of both curcumin and L. plantarum will better manage complex healing process. Recent reports indicate that polyphenolics like curcumin improve probiotic effects. Curcumin was nanoencapsulated (CSLNs) to improve its bioprofile and achieve controlled release on the wound bed. Bacteriotherapy (probiotic) is established to promote wound healing via antimicrobial activity, inhibition of pathogenic toxins, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory actions. Combination of CSLNs with probiotic enhanced (560%) its antimicrobial effects against planktonic cells and biofilms of skin pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus 9144. The sterile dressing was devised with selected polymers, and optimized for polymer concentration, and dressing characteristics using a central composite design. It exhibited a swelling ratio of 412 ± 36%, in vitro degradation time of 3 h, optimal water vapor transmission rate of 1516.81 ± 155.25 g/m2/day, high tensile strength, low-blood clotting index, case II transport, and controlled release of curcumin. XRD indicated strong interaction between employed polymers. FESEM revealed a porous sponge like meshwork embedded with L. plantarum and CSLNs. It degraded and released L. plantarum, which germinated in the wound bed. The sponge was stable under refrigerated conditions for up to six months. No translocation of probiotic from wound to the internal organs confirmed safety. The dressing exhibited faster wound closure and lowered bioburden in the wound area in mice. This was coupled with a decrease in TNF-α, MMP-9, and LPO levels; and an increase in VEGF, TGF-β, and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and GSH, establishing multiple healing pathways. Results were compared with CSLNs and probiotic-alone dressings. The dressing was as effective as the silver nanoparticle-based marketed hydrogel dressing; however, the cost and risk of developing resistance would be much lower currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarjot Kaur Sandhu
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jayant Raut
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08844, USA
| | - Mandeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bakr Ahmed
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vikas Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Narayanan Ganesh
- Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Tang H, Hu H, Wang S, Wong VKW, Li Y, Deng J. Autophagy Modulators From Chinese Herbal Medicines: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials for Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710679. [PMID: 34366865 PMCID: PMC8342996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma has become a global health issue, suffering more than 300 million people in the world, which is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long acting β-agonists (LABA) can relieve asthma symptoms and reduce the frequency of exacerbations, especially for patients with refractory asthma, but there are limited treatment options for people who do not gain control on combination ICS/LABA. The increase in ICS dose generally provides little additional benefit, and there is an increased risk of side effects. Therefore, therapeutic interventions integrating the use of different agents that focus on different targets are needed to overcome this set of diseases. Some findings suggest autophagy is closely correlated with the severity of asthma through eosinophilic inflammation, and its modulation may provide novel therapeutic approaches for severe allergic asthma. The chinese herbal medicine (CHM) have been demonstrated clinically as potent therapeutic interventions for asthma. Moreover some reports have found that the bioactive components isolated from CHM could modulate autophagy, and exhibit potent Anti-inflammatory activity. These findings have implied the potential for CHMs in asthma or allergic inflammation therapy via the modulation of autophagy. In this review, we discuss the basic pathomechanisms underpinning asthma, and the potential role of CHMs in treating asthma with modulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Songping Wang
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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3
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Mathias GP, Panigrahi T, Shanbagh S, Sadhana V, P. B, K. R, Sethu S, Ghosh A, Pidathala C, Ghosh A. Combination of Aqueous Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia diffusa,and Picrorhiza kurroaor Zingiber officinalealone Inhibit Intracellular Inflammatory Signaling Cascade. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Guo N, Jin C, Shen L, Wu F, Lin X, Feng Y. Chemical components, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of Rhizoma Picrorhizae. Phytother Res 2019; 34:1071-1082. [PMID: 31880854 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Picrorhizae (RP) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has always been used to treat many diseases like infantile epilepsy and malnutrition. In modern applications, it has been used to treat hepatitis B and various liver injuries with remarkable curative effects. So far, more than 90 chemical components have been reported in RP, mainly including iridoid glycosides, cucurbitacins, phenylethanoid glycosides, and phenolic glycosides. Among these, iridoid glycosides are the most important active ingredients, and about 30 such compounds have been isolated at present. In pharmacology, RP is beneficial to the choleresis, liver protection, anti-inflammation, asthma relief, immune regulation, and protection of heart, brain, kidney, and other organs. There have been many investigations on this medicinal herb in recent years, and it has attracted much attention in the medicine domain. In this paper, through systematically consulting the relevant books and electronic databases, we analyzed, arranged, and summarized the available information on this herb to provide reference for its further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Barsain BL, Yadav SK. Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth., an Endangered Himalayan Elixir- Medicinal Importance and Exploration of Biotechnological Approaches in Picroside Production. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190625144322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the history of P. kurrooa Royle ex Benth., popularly known as “Kutki
or Kadu” dates back to the Vedic era, it has only been about 69 years since research has focussed
on exploring its pharmacological properties. It is a small perennial medicinal herb
that belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. Found primarily in the north-western alpine
Himalayan region at the altitudes of 3000-4300 meters (amsl), the plant has immense
therapeutic and medicinal properties. Uniquely gifted, the plant holds its reputation in the
modern system of medicine in the treatment of liver disorders. The species has earned an
endangered status lately due to various issues like unawareness on its conservation,
harvesting methods, and cultivation besides others. Therefore, various new scientific
methods are being developed for its propagation and conservation. This article provides an
overview of the therapeutic properties, various mode of propagation as well as the molecular
aspects of P. kurrooa. Also, the metabolic engineering strategies to modulate its secondary
metabolite picrosides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Lalhal Barsain
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061 (HP), India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061 (HP), India
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"Picrosides" from Picrorhiza kurroa as potential anti-carcinogenic agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1680-1687. [PMID: 30551422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady rise in life expectancy, modern life style and changing environmental conditions are responsible for increasing incidence of cancer. A number of chemical drugs have been used for cancer treatment; however the induction of genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects limits their use. Alternatively, plant phytochemicals have been proven effective chemopreventive agents. This review illustrates the use of "picrosides" derived from Picrorhiza kurroa for the treatment of cancer. We have detailed the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action of picrosides as the key mechanism in reducing oncogenesis. Action of picrosides on detoxifying enzymes, cell cyle regulation and induction of signal transducers inhibiting apoptosis has also been reviewed. The present review highlights the use of picrosides as an important therapeutic agent against different types of cancer.
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Tomas-Hernandez S, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G, Valls C, Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Cereto-Massagué A, Roca-Martinez J, Suárez M, Arola L, Blanco J, Mulero M, Beltran-Debón R. Anti-inflammatory and Proapoptotic Properties of the Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10952-10963. [PMID: 30269491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of medical conditions that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation is directly involved in the onset of metabolic syndrome and related pathologies. In this study, in silico techniques were applied to a natural products database containing molecules isolated from mushrooms from the Catalan forests to predict molecules that can act as human nuclear-factor κβ kinase 2 (IKK-2) inhibitors. IKK-2 is the main component responsible for activating the nuclear-factor κβ transcription factor (NF-κβ). One of these predicted molecules was o-orsellinaldehyde, a molecule present in the mushroom Grifola frondosa. This study shows that o-orsellinaldehyde presents anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties by acting as IKK-2 inhibitor. Additionally, we suggest that the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties of Grifola frondosa mushroom could partially be explained by the presence of o-orsellinaldehyde on its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomas-Hernandez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health , EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia , Avinguda Universitat, 1 , 43204 Reus , Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health , EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia , Avinguda Universitat, 1 , 43204 Reus , Spain
| | - Cristina Valls
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - María José Ojeda-Montes
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Joel Roca-Martinez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health , EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia , Avinguda Universitat, 1 , 43204 Reus , Spain
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43201 Reus , Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Raúl Beltran-Debón
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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8
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Wang F, Huang Q, Wang Y, Shi L, Shen Y, Guo S. NIR-light and GSH activated cytosolic p65-shRNA delivery for precise treatment of metastatic cancer. J Control Release 2018; 288:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Wang F, Huang Q, Wang Y, Zhang W, Lin R, Yu Y, Shen Y, Cui H, Guo S. Rational design of multimodal therapeutic nanosystems for effective inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:240-254. [PMID: 30012354 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous inhibition of both tumor growth and metastasis is the key to treating metastatic cancer, yet the development of effective drug delivery systems represents a great challenge since multimodal therapeutic agents must be rationally combined to overcome the biological mechanisms underpinning tumor cell proliferation and invasion. In this context, we report a hybrid therapeutic nanoscale platform that incorporates an anti-proliferative drug, doxorubicin (DOX), and an anti-NF-κB agent, p65-shRNA, for effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In our design, we first conjugated DOX via an acid-labile linker onto gold nanorods that were pre-modified with the tumor targeting peptide RGD and a positively charged, disulfide cross-linked short polyethylenimines (DSPEI), and then incorporated shRNA through electrostatic complexation with DSPEI. We show that this "all in one" nanotherapeutic system (RDG/shRNA@DOX) can be effectively internalized through RGD-mediated endocytosis, followed by stimuli-responsive intracellular co-release of DOX and shRNA. Our in vitro experiments suggest that this multimodal system can significantly inhibit cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion of metastatic MDA-MB-435 cancer cells. Systemic administration of RDG/shRNA@DOX into a metastatic mouse model led to enhanced tumor accumulation, and, most importantly, significant inhibition of in situ tumor growth and almost complete suppression of tumor metastasis. We believe this hybrid multimodal nanotherapeutic system provides important insight into the rational design of therapeutic systems for the effective treatment of metastatic carcinoma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The key to successfully treat metastatic cancer is the simultaneous inhibition of both tumor growth and metastasis. This represents a great challenge for the design of drug delivery systems since multimodal therapeutic agents must be rationally combined to overcome the respective biological mechanisms underpinning tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Toward this end, we developed a hybrid nanomedicine platform that incorporates an anti-proliferative drug, doxorubicin (DOX), and an anti-NF-κB agent, p65-shRNA, for effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer. We showed that this multimodal system (RDG/shRNA@DOX) enhanced tumor accumulation, led to prolonged circulation, and most importantly, significant inhibition of in situ tumor growth and almost complete suppression of tumor metastasis. We believe this hybrid multimodal nanotherapeutic system provides significant insight into the rational design of therapeutic systems for the effective treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Institute for NanoBiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ran Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Institute for NanoBiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Yanna Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Institute for NanoBiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Retraction: Modification of Cysteine Residue in p65 Subunit of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) by Picroliv Suppresses NF-κB–Regulated Gene Products and Potentiates Apoptosis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5187. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Magnolol: A Neolignan from the Magnolia Family for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082362. [PMID: 30103472 PMCID: PMC6121321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed widespread research to challenge carcinogenesis; however, it remains one of the most important health concerns with the worst prognosis and diagnosis. Increasing lines of evidence clearly show that the rate of cancer incidence will increase in future and will create global havoc, designating it as an epidemic. Conventional chemotherapeutics and treatment with synthetic disciplines are often associated with adverse side effects and development of chemoresistance. Thus, discovering novel economic and patient friendly drugs that are safe and efficacious is warranted. Several natural compounds have proved their potential against this dreadful disease so far. Magnolol is a hydroxylated biphenyl isolated from the root and stem bark of Magnolia tree. Magnolol can efficiently prevent or inhibit the growth of various cancers originating from different organs such as brain, breast, cervical, colon, liver, lung, prostate, skin, etc. Considering these perspectives, the current review primarily focuses on the fascinating role of magnolol against various types of cancers, and the source and chemistry of magnolol and the molecular mechanism underlying the targets of magnolol are discussed. This review proposes magnolol as a suitable candidate that can be appropriately designed and established into a potent anti-cancer drug.
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12
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Lu M, Chen X, Xiao J, Xiang J, Yang L, Chen D. FOXO3a Reverses the Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:84-88. [PMID: 29716743 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is one of the most serious disease in female reproductive system. Platinum is the first-line drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer, while the resistance of platinum drug in clinical hindered the relief ovarian cancer. Our previous study found that decreased FOXO3a might be a poor prognosis in human ovarian cancer. In this research, we study whether FOXO3a was involved in the mechanism of platinum drug resistance. METHODS The CCK-8 and FACS analysis were used to monitor the survival of ovarian cancer, and the FOXO3a expression was detected by western-blot. RESULTS We found that FOXO3a expression upregulated significantly in A2780 compared with A2780/DDP cells with the treatment of platinum. Moreover, overexpression of FOXO3a in ovarian cancer inversed the platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION These observations reminded that the role of FOXO3a might be one of the critical mechanisms in developing platinum drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Lu
- Central laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- Central laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingying Xiang
- Central laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Central laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Central laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
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13
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Lee JH, Kim C, Lee SG, Yang WM, Um JY, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Ophiopogonin D modulates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, leading to suppression of proliferation and chemosensitization of human lung cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 40:165-175. [PMID: 29496169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophiopogonin D (OP-D), a steroidal glycoside obtained from the Chinese medicinal plant Ophiopogonin japonicas (the root portion), has been traditionally used to treat fever, inflammation, cough, sputum etc. However, the detailed molecular mechanism(s) underlying its therapeutic actions is still unknown. HYPOTHESIS Because nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), PI3K/AKT, and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling cascades have significant functions in cell proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis in tumor cells, we hypothesized that OP-D may disrupt these signaling cascades to exert its anticancer effects in human lung-cancer cells. METHODS We evaluated the effect of OP-D on multiple signaling cascades and its regulated functional responses in lung cancer cells. RESULTS OP-D blocked both basal and cytokine-induced proliferation of human lung-cancer cells and caused down-regulation of the expression of diverse oncogenic gene products through the suppression of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and AP-1 pathways; but did not affect JNK, p38 and ERK MAP kinases. Interestingly, OP-D suppressed constitutive NF-κB activation in lung cancer cells via interfering with the IκB kinase activation, which inhibited phosphorylation and caused degradation of IκB-α. OP-D also blocked phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of p65, thereby suppressing NF-κB reporter activity in lung cancer cells. Besides, OP-D could augment cell death induced by paclitaxel in lung-cancer cells. CONCLUSION Overall, the data indicates that OP-D may abrogate diverse signaling cascades linked to tumorigenesis, and can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Sharma S, Sharma P, Kulurkar P, Singh D, Kumar D, Patial V. Iridoid glycosides fraction from Picrorhiza kurroa attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity and peripheral neuropathy via PPAR-γ mediated inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:108-117. [PMID: 29157803 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picrorhiza kurroa Royle (Scrophulariaceae) is an important medicinal herb being widely used in variety of ailments. PURPOSE The present study was envisaged to evaluate the effects of iridoid glycosides enriched fraction (IGs) from Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome against cyclophosphamide (CP) -induced renal toxicity and peripheral neuropathy. METHODS Mice in different groups were pretreated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o. doses of IGs for 21 days, followed by cyclophosphamide intoxication for consecutive two days. Further, to identify the putative role of PPAR-γ receptors for the protective effect of IGs, an additional group of mice were pretreated with PPAR-γ antagonist BADGE (5 mg/kg; i.p.) followed by IGs (100 mg/kg; p.o.) for 21 days before CP intoxication. RESULTS IGs pretreatment decreased the hyperalgesic responses toward acetone and heat in acetone drop and tail immersion tests. The abolition of intramyelin odema, cytoplasmic vacuolization and axonal degeneration of sciatic nerve were observed in IGs pretreated mice in a dose-dependent manner. IGs treatment also attenuated the altered serum biochemical markers for renal injury. Furthermore, the treatment prevented renal tubular swelling, granular degeneration and glomerular damage. The levels of IL-1β and TNFα in different group revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of IGs, which was further confirmed by improvement in altered expressions of NF-kB in kidney and sciatic serve. Bax/Bcl-2 expressions and caspase 3/9 activity in renal tissues showed the anti-apoptotic effect of IGs. IGs pretreatment also improved the PPAR-γ expression in the kidney tissues. All the observed protective effects of IGs were suppressed after pretreatment with BADGE. CONCLUSION Present study concludes that IGs from Picrorhiza kurroa attenuates CP-induced renal toxicity and peripheral neuropathy via PPAR-γ -mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kulurkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Natural Products Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Design, synthesis, and evaluation of asymmetric EF24 analogues as potential anti-cancer agents for lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:1321-1331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Thangapazham RL, Sharad S, Maheshwari RK. Phytochemicals in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:230-241. [PMID: 27134766 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Traditional therapies, including the use of dietary components for wound healing and skin regeneration, are very common in Asian countries such as China and India. The increasing evidence of health-protective benefits of phytochemicals, components derived from plants is generating a lot of interest, warranting further scientific evaluation and mechanistic studies. Recent Advances: Phytochemicals are non-nutritive substances present in plants, and some of them have the potential to provide better tissue remodeling when applied on wounds and to also act as proangiogenic agents during wound healing. Critical Issues: In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding, important molecular targets, and mechanism of action(s) of some of the phytochemicals such as curcumin, picroliv, and arnebin-1. We also broadly review the multiple pathways that these phytochemicals regulate to enhance wound repair and skin regeneration. Future Directions: Recent experimental data on the effects of phytochemicals on wound healing and skin regeneration establish the potential clinical utility of plant-based compounds. Additional research in order to better understand the exact mechanism and potential targets of phytochemicals in skin regeneration is needed. Human studies a2nd clinical trials are pivotal to fully understand the benefits of phytochemicals in wound healing and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh L. Thangapazham
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Prostate Disease Research; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shashwat Sharad
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Radha K. Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate Disease Research; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kastrati I, Siklos MI, Calderon-Gierszal EL, El-Shennawy L, Georgieva G, Thayer EN, Thatcher GRJ, Frasor J. Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibits the Nuclear Factor κB Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells by Covalent Modification of p65 Protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3639-47. [PMID: 26683377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast tumors, activation of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathway promotes survival, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, stem cell-like properties, and resistance to therapy--all phenotypes of aggressive disease where therapy options remain limited. Adding an anti-inflammatory/anti-NFκB agent to breast cancer treatment would be beneficial, but no such drug is approved as either a monotherapy or adjuvant therapy. To address this need, we examined whether dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an anti-inflammatory drug already in clinical use for multiple sclerosis, can inhibit the NFκB pathway. We found that DMF effectively blocks NFκB activity in multiple breast cancer cell lines and abrogates NFκB-dependent mammosphere formation, indicating that DMF has anti-cancer stem cell properties. In addition, DMF inhibits cell proliferation and significantly impairs xenograft tumor growth. Mechanistically, DMF prevents p65 nuclear translocation and attenuates its DNA binding activity but has no effect on upstream proteins in the NFκB pathway. Dimethyl succinate, the inactive analog of DMF that lacks the electrophilic double bond of fumarate, is unable to inhibit NFκB activity. Also, the cell-permeable thiol N-acetyl l-cysteine, reverses DMF inhibition of the NFκB pathway, supporting the notion that the electrophile, DMF, acts via covalent modification. To determine whether DMF interacts directly with p65, we synthesized and used a novel chemical probe of DMF by incorporating an alkyne functionality and found that DMF covalently modifies p65, with cysteine 38 being essential for the activity of DMF. These results establish DMF as an NFκB inhibitor with anti-tumor activity that may add therapeutic value in the treatment of aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marton I Siklos
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | | | | | | | - Emily N Thayer
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jonna Frasor
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
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Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Picrorhiza kurroa Inhibits Experimental Arthritis Through Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Angiogenesis and MMPs. Phytother Res 2015; 30:112-9. [PMID: 26556014 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the anti-arthritic activity of Picrorhiza kurroa (PK), on formaldehyde and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rat. Administration of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract (PKRE) significantly inhibited joint inflammation in both animal models. In AIA-induced arthritic rat, treatment with PKRE considerably decreased synovial expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNF-R1) and vascular endothelial growth factor as compared with control. The anti-arthritic activity was found to be well substantiated with significant suppression of oxidative and inflammatory markers as there was decreased malonaldehyde, Nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha levels accompanied with increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase activities. Additionally, PKRE significantly inhibited the expression of degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases-3 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in AIA-induced arthritic rat. Histopathology of paw tissue displayed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration as compared with control. Taken together, these results demonstrated the anti-arthritic activity of PKRE against experimental arthritis, and the underlying mechanism behind this efficacy might be mediated by inhibition of inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis, improvement of the synovium redox status and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Arunraja
- Research officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, 560 100, India
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HPTLC Analysis of Bioactivity Guided Anticancer Enriched Fraction of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Picrorhiza kurroa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:513875. [PMID: 26557675 PMCID: PMC4628758 DOI: 10.1155/2015/513875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Hydroalcoholic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa and its fractions were subjected to in vitro screening for cytotoxicity; further best active fraction (BAF) obtained was tested against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model in Balb/c mice after its quality control analysis. Methods. Cytotoxicities of all the fractions and mother extract of P. kurroa were determined, using MTT assay on breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB 231) and cervical cancer (HeLa, SiHa) cell lines. Metabolic fingerprinting was developed using HPTLC with quantification of biomarkers (cucurbitacins B and E; betulinic acid; picrosides 1 and 2; and apocynin) in BAF. The EAC tumor-bearing mice were used for in vivo anticancer activity after oral administration (50 mg Kg−1) for 10 days. Results. Cytotoxicity assay of mother extract and its fractions over breast cancer and cervix cancer cell lines showed that dichloromethane (DCM) fraction was most cytotoxic (IC50 36.0–51.0 µg mL−1 at 72 h). Oral administration of DCM fraction showed significant reduction in tumor regression parameters, viable tumor cell count and restoration of hematological parameters may be due to presence of cucurbitacins B and E; betulinic acid; picrosides 1 and 2; and apocynin, as compared to the untreated mice of the control group. Conclusion. The DCM fraction of P. kurroa displayed potent anticancer activity and can be further explored for the development of a potential candidate for cancer therapy.
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Niu M, Shen Y, Xu X, Yao Y, Fu C, Yan Z, Wu Q, Cao J, Sang W, Zeng L, Li Z, Liu X, Xu K. Piperlongumine selectively suppresses ABC-DLBCL through inhibition of NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear import. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:326-31. [PMID: 25979358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive NF-κB activation is required for survival of activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). However, current NF-κB targeting strategies lack cancer cell specificity. Here, we identified a novel inhibitor, piperlongumine, features direct binding to NF-κB p65 subunit and suppression of p65 nuclear import. This was accompanied by NF-κB reporter activity suppression and NF-κB target gene downregulation. Moreover, mutation of Cys(38) to Ser in p65 abolished this effect of piperlongumine on inhibition of p65 nuclear import. Furthermore, we show that piperlongumine selectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of ABC-DLBCL cells. Most notably, it has been reported that piperlongumine did not affect normal cells even at high doses and was nontoxic to animals. Hence, our current study provides new insight into piperlongumine's mechanism of action and novel approach to ABC-DLBCL target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Niu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangling Shen
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Kim MB, Kim C, Chung WS, Cho JH, Nam D, Kim SH, Ahn KS. The Hydrolysed Products of Iridoid Glycosides Can Enhance Imatinib Mesylate-Induced Apoptosis in Human Myeloid Leukaemia Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:434-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Beom Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Cho
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Korea
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Linnewiel-Hermoni K, Motro Y, Miller Y, Levy J, Sharoni Y. Carotenoid derivatives inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activity in bone and cancer cells by targeting key thiol groups. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:105-20. [PMID: 25078119 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) transcription system contributes to cancer progression, and has a harmful effect on bone health. Several major components of the NFkB pathway such as IkB Kinase (IKK) and the NFkB subunits contain cysteine residues that are critical for their activity. The interaction of electrophiles with these cysteine residues results in NFkB inhibition. Carotenoids, hydrophobic plant pigments, are devoid of electrophilic groups, and we have previously demonstrated that carotenoid derivatives, but not the native compounds activate the Nrf2 transcription system. The aim of the current study was to examine whether carotenoid derivatives inhibit NFkB, and, if so, to determine the molecular mechanism underpinning the inhibitory action. We report in the present study that a mixture of oxidized derivatives, prepared by ethanol extraction from partially oxidized lycopene preparation, inhibited NFkB reporter gene activity. In contrast, the intact carotenoid was inactive. A series of synthetic dialdehyde carotenoid derivatives inhibited reporter activity as well as several stages of the NFkB pathway in both cancer and bone cells. The activity of the carotenoid derivatives depended on the reactivity of the electrophilic groups in reactions such as Michael addition to sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Specifically, carotenoid derivatives directly interacted with two key proteins of the NFkB pathway: the IKKβ and the p65 subunit. Direct interaction with IKKβ was found in an in vitro kinase assay with a recombinant enzyme. The inhibition by carotenoid derivatives of p65 transcriptional activity was observed in a reporter gene assay performed in the presence of excess p65. This inhibition action resulted, at least in part, from direct interaction of the carotenoid derivative with p65 leading to reduced binding of the protein to DNA as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments. Importantly, we found by using mutation in key cysteine residues of both p65 and IKK that specific thiol groups are essential for NFkB inhibition by carotenoid derivatives. In conclusion, we propose that electrophilic carotenoid derivatives contribute to cancer prevention as well as bone health maintenance via the inhibition of the NFkB transcription system. Pivotal thiol groups of both IKK and p65 play a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Yair Motro
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Joseph Levy
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoav Sharoni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Brockwell C, Ampikaipakan S, Sexton DW, Price D, Freeman D, Thomas M, Ali M, Wilson AM. Adjunctive treatment with oral AKL1, a botanical nutraceutical, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:715-21. [PMID: 25031533 PMCID: PMC4096458 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s54276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this pilot trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AKL1, a patented botanical formulation containing extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa, Ginkgo biloba, and Zingiber officinale, as add-on therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic cough. Patients and methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled male and female patients >18 years old with COPD and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score of <18. The 10-week study period comprised a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period followed by add-on treatment with AKL1 or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. The primary study endpoint was the change from week 0 to week 8 in cough-related health status, as assessed by the LCQ. Results Of 33 patients enrolled, 20 were randomized to AKL1 and 13 to placebo. Patients included 19 (58%) men and 14 (42%) women of mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 67 (9.4) years; 15 (45%) patients were smokers and 16 (49%) were ex-smokers. The mean (SD) change from baseline in LCQ score at 8 weeks was 2.3 (4.9) in the AKL1 group and 0.6 (3.7) in the placebo group, with mean difference in change of 1.8 (95% confidence interval: −1.5 to 5.1; P=0.28). The St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score improved substantially in the AKL1 treatment group by a mean (SD) of −7.7 (11.7) versus worsening in the placebo group (+1.5 [9.3]), with mean difference in change of −9.2 (95% confidence interval: −19.0 to 0.6; P=0.064). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in change from baseline to week 8 in other patient-reported measures, lung function, or the 6-minute walk distance. Conclusion Further study is needed with a larger patient population and over a longer duration to better assess the effects of add-on therapy with AKL1 in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sundari Ampikaipakan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK ; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Darren W Sexton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David Price
- Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK ; Research in Real Life, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mike Thomas
- Primary Care Research, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Andrew M Wilson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK ; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
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Effective delivery of p65 shRNA by optimized Tween 85-polyethyleneimine conjugate for inhibition of tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2674-83. [PMID: 24525035 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To maximize the interference efficacy of pGPU6/Neo-p65 shRNA-expressing pDNA (p65 shRNA) and subsequently more effectively inhibit tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis through blocking the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, seven Tween 85-polyethyleneimine (PEI) conjugates (TnPs, n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), which differed in the length of the polymethylene [-(CH2)n-] spacer between Tween 85 and PEI, were synthesized and investigated. The results showed that the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity both increased with the spacer chain length. Then, TnPs with a [-(CH2)6-] spacer (T6P) were chosen to deliver p65 shRNA to a tumor and subsequently inhibit tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis. The T6P/p65 shRNA complex nanoparticles (T6Ns) could significantly down-regulate p65 expression in breast cancer cells, and consequently inhibit cell invasion and disrupt the tube formation. Most importantly, T6Ns accumulated greatly in tumor tissue, and as a result, significantly inhibited the growth and lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer xenograft. All these results indicated that the transfection efficacies of cationic amphiphiles could be significantly modulated by minor structural variations, and that T6P was promising for the effective delivery of p65 shRNA to knock down the expression of the key metastasis-driving genes and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
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Health promoting effects of brassica-derived phytochemicals: from chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory activities to epigenetic regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:964539. [PMID: 24454992 PMCID: PMC3885109 DOI: 10.1155/2013/964539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A high intake of brassica vegetables may be associated with a decreased chronic disease risk. Health promoting effects of Brassicaceae have been partly attributed to glucosinolates and in particular to their hydrolyzation products including isothiocyanates. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest a chemopreventive activity of isothiocyanates through the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Furthermore, studies in cultured cells, in laboratory rodents, and also in humans support an anti-inflammatory effect of brassica-derived phytochemicals. However, the underlying mechanisms of how these compounds mediate their health promoting effects are yet not fully understood. Recent findings suggest that brassica-derived compounds are regulators of epigenetic mechanisms. It has been shown that isothiocyanates may inhibit histone deacetylase transferases and DNA-methyltransferases in cultured cells. Only a few papers have dealt with the effect of brassica-derived compounds on epigenetic mechanisms in laboratory animals, whereas data in humans are currently lacking. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the biological activities of brassica-derived phytochemicals regarding chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and epigenetic pathways.
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Xiao J, Duan X, Yin Q, Miao Z, Yu H, Chen C, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li Y. The inhibition of metastasis and growth of breast cancer by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway using bioreducible PEI-based/p65 shRNA complex nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5381-90. [PMID: 23591394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. In this study, a bioreducible polymer, Tween 85-s-s-polyethyleneimine 2K (TSP), was synthesized and used as a non-viral gene vector for p65 shRNA to block NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. The TSP/p65 shRNA complex nanoparticles (TSNs) could significantly down-regulate p65 expression in breast cancer cells due to the rapid degradation of TSP with prompt shRNA release, and consequently not only inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, but also induce cell apoptosis and disrupt the tube formation. Most importantly, TSNs showed high accumulation in tumor and almost completely inhibited the growth and metastasis of the breast cancer xenograft in nude mice induced by MDA-MB-435 cells. All these results indicated the promising of TSP as a non-viral gene vector to knock down p65 expression and inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Xiao
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Döbbeling U, Waeckerle-Men Y, Zabel F, Graf N, Kündig TM, Johansen P. The antihistamines clemastine and desloratadine inhibit STAT3 and c-Myc activities and induce apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:119-24. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Döbbeling
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Ying Waeckerle-Men
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Franziska Zabel
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Nicole Graf
- Center for Clinical Research; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
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A Picrorhiza kurroa derivative, picroliv, attenuates the development of dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:751629. [PMID: 23125487 PMCID: PMC3480037 DOI: 10.1155/2012/751629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Picroliv, a Picrorhiza kurroa derivative, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of picroliv on experimental model of UC in mice. Materials and Methods. Picroliv was administrated orally by gavage to mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histology score were observed. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and SOD, MDA concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while the expression of cytokine mRNAs was studied by real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and also ELISA. The expression of NF-κB p65 was observed by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. Results. A significant improvement was observed in DAI and histological score in mice treated with picroliv, and incerased MPO activity, MDA concentrations, and the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB p65 in mice with DSS-induced colitis were significantly reduced while decreased SOD level increased following administration of picroliv. Conclusion. The administration of picroliv leads to an amelioration of DSS-induced colitis, suggesting administration of picroliv may provide a therapeutic approach for UC.
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Girish C, Pradhan SC. Hepatoprotective activities of picroliv, curcumin, and ellagic acid compared to silymarin on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in mice. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012; 3:149-55. [PMID: 22629090 PMCID: PMC3356956 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.95515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of active phytochemicals, picroliv, curcumin, and ellagic acid in comparison to silymarin in the mice model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver toxicity. In addition, attempts were made to elucidate their possible mechanism(s) of action. Materials and Methods: Oxidative stress was induced in Swiss albino mice by a single injection (s.c.) of CCl4, 1 ml/kg body weight, diluted with arachis oil at a 1:1 ratio. The phytochemicals were administered once a day for 7& days (p.o.) as pretreatment at two dose levels (50 and 100 mg/kg/day). Results: CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was manifested by an increase in the activities of liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, P < 0.001, aspartate transaminase, P < 0.001 and alkaline phosphatase, P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA, P < 0.001)) levels and a decrease in activity of reduced glutathione (P < 0.001) and catalase in liver tissues. The histopathological examination of liver sections revealed centrizonal necrosis, fatty changes, and inflammatory reactions. The pretreatment with picroliv, curcumin, and ellagic acid normalized serum aminotransferase activities (P < 0.001), decreased levels of MDA (P < 0.001), improved the antioxidant status, and normalized the hepatic histo-architecture. The restoration of phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time also suggested the normalization of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Conclusion: This study supports the use of these active phytochemicals against toxic liver injury, which may act by preventing lipid peroxidation, augmenting the antioxidant defense system or by regenerating the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Girish
- Department of Pharmacology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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Hwang H, Kim C, Kim SM, Kim WS, Choi SH, Chang IM, Ahn KS. The hydrolyzed products of iridoid glycoside with β-glucosidase treatment exert anti-proliferative effects through suppression of STAT3 activation and STAT3-regulated gene products in several human cancer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:8-17. [PMID: 22149883 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.622772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Iridoids belong to a group of monoterpene compounds with cyclopentane ring and found as mostly the glycoside forms in nature. They act primarily as the defense substances and found in various medicinal plants. OBJECTIVE Although many iridoids exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, their molecular targets/pathways are not fully understood. Here, the antiproliferative effect of the hydrolyzed-iridoid product (H-iridoid) form through the STAT3 signaling pathways on tumor cells was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS H-iridoids were obtained from five iridoid glycosides with β-glucosidase treatment. The effects of several H-iridoids on cell viability and cell proliferation in tumor cells were measured by the MTT assay. The phosphorylation levels of STAT3, its regulatory molecules, and apoptosis by H-geniposide treatment in DU145 cells were investigated by immunoblots and flow cytometry. RESULTS No single iridoid glycoside exerted any cytotoxicity in the tumor cells, whereas H-iridoids had significant cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and STAT3 inhibitory effects and revealed different potencies depending on their chemical structures. Among the H-iridoids tested, H-geniposide inhibited constitutive STAT3 activation through inhibiting upstream JAK1 and c-Src. Consistent with STAT3 inactivation, H-geniposide downregulated the expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, and cyclin D1; this correlated with the accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond from iridoid glycoside is required for exhibiting cytotoxicity in tumor cells. H-geniposide is the most potent agent and a novel blocker of STAT3 activation in DU145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundu Hwang
- College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Girish C, Pradhan SC. Indian herbal medicines in the treatment of liver diseases: problems and promises. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:180-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Anand P, Sung B, Kunnumakkara AB, Rajasekharan KN, Aggarwal BB. Suppression of pro-inflammatory and proliferative pathways by diferuloylmethane (curcumin) and its analogues dibenzoylmethane, dibenzoylpropane, and dibenzylideneacetone: role of Michael acceptors and Michael donors. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1901-9. [PMID: 21924245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a diferuloylmethane, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Whereas curcumin has both a Michael acceptor and a Michael donor units, its analogues dibenzoylmethane (DBM, a component of licorice) and dibenzoylpropane (DBP) have a Michael donor but not a Michael acceptor unit, and the analogue dibenzylideneacetone (DBA) has a Michael acceptor unit. In the current report, we investigated the potency of DBM, DBP, and DBA in relation to curcumin for their ability to suppress TNF-induced NF-κB activation, NF-κB-regulated gene products, and cell proliferation. We found that all four agents were active in suppressing NF-κB activation; curcumin was most active and DBM was least active. When examined for its ability to inhibit the direct DNA binding activity of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, only DBP inhibited the binding. For inhibition of TNF-induced IKK activation, DBA was most active. For suppression of TNF-induced expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products such as COX-2 (inflammation marker), cyclin D1 (proliferation marker), and VEGF (angiogenesis marker), DBA and curcumin were more active than DBM. Similarly for suppression of proliferation of leukemia (KBM-5), T cell leukemia (Jurkat), prostate (DU145), and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells, curcumin and DBA were most active and DBP was least active. Overall, our results indicate that although curcumin and its analogues exhibit activities to suppress inflammatory pathways and cellular proliferation, a lack of Michael acceptor units in DBM and DBP can reduce their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Anand
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Abstract
Extensive research in the past decade has revealed cancer to be a multigenic disease caused by perturbation of multiple cell signalling pathways and dysregulation of numerous gene products, all of which have been linked to inflammation. It is also becoming evident that various lifestyle factors, such as tobacco and alcohol use, diet, environmental pollution, radiation and infections, can cause chronic inflammation and lead to tumourigenesis. Chronic diseases caused by ongoing inflammation therefore require chronic, not acute, treatment. Nutraceuticals, compounds derived from fruits, vegetables, spices and cereals, can be used chronically. This study discusses the molecular targets of some nutraceuticals that happen to be markers of chronic inflammation and how they can prevent or treat cancer. These naturally-occurring agents in the diet have great potential as anti-cancer drugs, thus proving Hippocrates, who proclaimed 25 centuries ago, 'Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Choi RJ, Shin EM, Jung HA, Choi JS, Kim YS. Inhibitory effects of kaurenoic acid from Aralia continentalis on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:677-682. [PMID: 21211951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of a diterpenoid, kaurenoic acid, isolated from the root of Aralia continentalis (Araliaceae). To determine its anti-inflammatory effects, LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of kaurenoic acid and carrageenan-induced paw edema mice model was used in vivo. Kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid) dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression at micromolar concentrations in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages with IC(50) (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) values of 51.73 (±2.42) μM and 106.09 (±0.27) μM in NO production and PGE(2) release, respectively. Kaurenoic acid also dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB as assayed by electrophorectic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and it almost abolished NF-κB DNA binding affinity at 100μM. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of kaurenoic acid was examined in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Eight ICR mice in each group were injected with carrageenan and observed hourly, compared with the control group. Kaurenoic acid dose-dependently reduced paw swelling up to 34.4% at 5h after induction, demonstrating inhibition in an acute inflammation model. Taken together, our data suggest that kaurenoic acid, a major diterpenoid from the root of A. continentalis shows anti-inflammatory activity and the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression might be one of the mechanisms responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Joo Choi
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Anti-angiogenic effects of dietary isothiocyanates: Mechanisms of action and implications for human health. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:327-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Banik R. Naturally Occurring Iridoids and Secoiridoids. An Updated Review, Part 4. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:803-33. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram (M.B.B.) College
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Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, one of the most investigated transcription factors, has been found to control multiple cellular processes in cancer including inflammation, transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance and radioresistance. NF-κB is constitutively active in most tumor cells, and its suppression inhibits the growth of tumor cells, leading to the concept of 'NF-κB addiction' in cancer cells. Why NF-κB is constitutively and persistently active in cancer cells is not fully understood, but multiple mechanisms have been delineated including agents that activate NF-κB (such as viruses, viral proteins, bacteria and cytokines), signaling intermediates (such as mutant receptors, overexpression of kinases, mutant oncoproteins, degradation of IκBα, histone deacetylase, overexpression of transglutaminase and iNOS) and cross talk between NF-κB and other transcription factors (such as STAT3, HIF-1α, AP1, SP, p53, PPARγ, β-catenin, AR, GR and ER). As NF-κB is 'pre-active' in cancer cells through unrelated mechanisms, classic inhibitors of NF-κB (for example, bortezomib) are unlikely to mediate their anticancer effects through suppression of NF-κB. This review discusses multiple mechanisms of NF-κB activation and their regulation by multitargeted agents in contrast to monotargeted agents, thus 'one size does not fit all' cancers.
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Schumacher M, Cerella C, Reuter S, Dicato M, Diederich M. Anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects of a methanolic neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract are mediated via modulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. GENES AND NUTRITION 2010; 6:149-60. [PMID: 21484152 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-010-0194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica (neem tree) is used in traditional Indian medicine for its pharmacological properties including cancer prevention and treatment. Here, we studied a neem extract's anti-inflammatory potential via the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, linked to cancer, inflammation, and apoptosis. Cultured human leukemia cells were treated with a methanolic neem leaf extract with or without tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation. Inhibition of NF-κB activity was demonstrated by luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Inhibition of viability by neem extracts was assessed by luminescent assays. Western blot analysis allowed assessing the inhibitory effect of the neem extract on TNF-α-induced degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p50/p65 heterodimer. Inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) activity was shown as well as the effect of neem extract on the induction of apoptotic cell death mechanisms by nuclear fragmentation analysis and flow cytometry analysis. In conclusion, our data provide evidence for a strong effect of the neem extract on pro-inflammatory cell signaling and apoptotic cell death mechanisms, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms triggered by Azadirachta indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schumacher
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Lu Z, Jin Y, Chen C, Li J, Cao Q, Pan J. Pristimerin induces apoptosis in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells harboring T315I mutation by blocking NF-kappaB signaling and depleting Bcr-Abl. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:112. [PMID: 20482842 PMCID: PMC2893099 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the chimeric tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl. Bcr-Abl-T315I is the notorious point mutation that causes resistance to imatinib and the second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, leading to poor prognosis. CML blasts have constitutive p65 (RelA NF-κB) transcriptional activity, and NF-κB may be a potential target for molecular therapies in CML that may also be effective against CML cells with Bcr-Abl-T315I. Results In this report, we discovered that pristimerin, a quinonemethide triterpenoid isolated from Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae, inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in CML cells, including the cells harboring Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation. Additionally, pristimerin inhibited the growth of imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in nude mice. Pristimerin blocked the TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation, translocation of p65, and expression of NF-κB-regulated genes. Pristimerin inhibited two steps in NF-κB signaling: TAK1→IKK and IKK→IκBα. Pristimerin potently inhibited two pairs of CML cell lines (KBM5 versus KBM5-T315I, 32D-Bcr-Abl versus 32D-Bcr-Abl-T315I) and primary cells from a CML patient with acquired resistance to imatinib. The mRNA and protein levels of Bcr-Abl in imatinib-sensitive (KBM5) or imatinib-resistant (KBM5-T315I) CML cells were reduced after pristimerin treatment. Further, inactivation of Bcr-Abl by imatinib pretreatment did not abrogate the TNFα-induced NF-κB activation while silencing p65 by siRNA did not affect the levels of Bcr-Abl, both results together indicating that NF-κB inactivation and Bcr-Abl inhibition may be parallel independent pathways. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that pristimerin is effective in vitro and in vivo against CML cells, including those with the T315I mutation. The mechanisms may involve inhibition of NF-κB and Bcr-Abl. We concluded that pristimerin could be a lead compound for further drug development to overcome imatinib resistance in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Guha M, Xia F, Raskett CM, Altieri DC. Caspase 2-mediated tumor suppression involves survivin gene silencing. Oncogene 2009; 29:1280-92. [PMID: 19935698 PMCID: PMC2832727 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the pivotal functions of endogenous tumor suppression is to oppose aberrant cell survival, but the molecular requirements of this process are not completely understood. Here, we show that caspase 2, a death effector with largely unknown functions, represses transcription of the survivin gene, a general regulator of cell division and cytoprotection in tumors. This pathway involves caspase 2 proteolytic cleavage of the NFκB activator, RIP1. In turn, loss of RIP1 abolishes transcription of NFκB target genes, including survivin, resulting in deregulated mitotic transitions, enhanced apoptosis, and suppression of tumorigenicity, in vivo. Therefore, caspase 2 functions as an endogenous inhibitor of NFκB-dependent cell survival, and this mechanism may contribute to tumor suppression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guha
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Lee TM, Lai PY, Chang NC. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on sympathetic hyperinnervation in post-infarcted rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 85:137-46. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ye SF, Wu YH, Hou ZQ, Zhang QQ. ROS and NF-kappaB are involved in upregulation of IL-8 in A549 cells exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 379:643-8. [PMID: 19121628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential applications in biosensors, tissue engineering, and biomedical devices because of their unique physico-chemical, electronic and mechanical properties. However, there is limited literature data available concerning the biological properties and toxicity of CNTs. This study aimed to assess the toxicity exhibited by multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) and to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms underlying the biological effects of MWCNTs in A549 cells. Exposing A549 cells to MWCNTs led to cell death, changes in cell size and complexity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. Treatment of A549 cells with antioxidants prior to adding MWCNTs decreased ROS production and abrogated expression of IL-8 mRNA. Pretreatment of A549 cells with NF-kappaB inhibitors suppressed MWCNTs-induced IL-8 mRNA expression. These results indicate that MWCNTs are able to induce expression of IL-8 in A549 cells, at least in part, mediated by oxidative stress and NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- She-Fang Ye
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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