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Sun LL, He HY, Li W, Jin WL, Wei YJ. The solute carrier transporters (SLCs) family in nutrient metabolism and ferroptosis. Biomark Res 2024; 12:94. [PMID: 39218897 PMCID: PMC11367818 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death caused by damage to lipid membranes due to the accumulation of lipid peroxides in response to various stimuli, such as high levels of iron, oxidative stress, metabolic disturbance, etc. Sugar, lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism are crucial in regulating ferroptosis. The solute carrier transporters (SLCs) family, known as the "metabolic gating" of cells, is responsible for transporting intracellular nutrients and metabolites. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of SLCs family members in ferroptosis by controlling the transport of various nutrients. Here, we summarized the function and mechanism of SLCs in ferroptosis regulated by ion, metabolic control of nutrients, and multiple signaling pathways, with a focus on SLC-related transporters that primarily transport five significant components: glucose, amino acid, lipid, trace metal ion, and other ion. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications of targeting SLCs with ferroptosis inducers for various diseases, including tumors, are discussed. Overall, this paper delves into the novel roles of the SLCs family in ferroptosis, aiming to enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and identify new therapeutic targets for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Sun
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Hai-Yan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Ju Wei
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
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2
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Ghorbani N, Yaghubi R, Davoodi J, Pahlavan S. How does caspases regulation play role in cell decisions? apoptosis and beyond. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1599-1613. [PMID: 37976000 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases, and the key factors behind the cellular events which occur during apoptosis and inflammation. However, increasing evidence shows the non-conventional pro-survival action of apoptotic caspases in crucial processes. These cellular events include cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which may appear in the form of metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance in cancerous situations. Therefore, there should be a precise and strict control of caspases activity, perhaps through maintaining the threshold below the required levels for apoptosis. Thus, understanding the regulators of caspase activities that render apoptotic caspases as non-apoptotic is of paramount importance both mechanistically and clinically. Furthermore, the functions of apoptotic caspases are affected by numerous post-translational modifications. In the present mini-review, we highlight the various mechanisms that directly impact caspases with respect to their anti- or non-apoptotic functions. In this regard, post-translational modifications (PTMs), isoforms, subcellular localization, transient activity, substrate availability, substrate selection, and interaction-mediated regulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roham Yaghubi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Davoodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Guerrache A, Micheau O. TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand: Non-Apoptotic Signalling. Cells 2024; 13:521. [PMID: 38534365 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or Apo2 or TNFSF10) belongs to the TNF superfamily. When bound to its agonistic receptors, TRAIL can induce apoptosis in tumour cells, while sparing healthy cells. Over the last three decades, this tumour selectivity has prompted many studies aiming at evaluating the anti-tumoral potential of TRAIL or its derivatives. Although most of these attempts have failed, so far, novel formulations are still being evaluated. However, emerging evidence indicates that TRAIL can also trigger a non-canonical signal transduction pathway that is likely to be detrimental for its use in oncology. Likewise, an increasing number of studies suggest that in some circumstances TRAIL can induce, via Death receptor 5 (DR5), tumour cell motility, potentially leading to and contributing to tumour metastasis. While the pro-apoptotic signal transduction machinery of TRAIL is well known from a mechanistic point of view, that of the non-canonical pathway is less understood. In this study, we the current state of knowledge of TRAIL non-canonical signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Guerrache
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231, «Equipe DesCarTes», 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231, «Equipe DesCarTes», 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France
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4
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Santorsola M, Capuozzo M, Savarese G, Ianniello M, Petrillo N, Casillo M, Sabbatino F, Perri F, Ferrara F, Zovi A, Berretta M, Granata V, Nasti G, Ottaiano A. Oligo-Metastatic Disease in Oncology: Exploring the Limits and the Potential of Genetic Assessment. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2131. [PMID: 38136953 PMCID: PMC10742616 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligo-metastatic disease (OMD) in the field of oncology denotes a distinct subset of metastatic tumors characterized by less aggressive biological behavior and extended survival times in comparison to their widely metastatic counterparts. While there is a general consensus regarding the existence of OMD, there remains a lack of widely accepted criteria for its a priori identification at the time of presentation. This review delves into the concept of OMD, placing a particular emphasis on the significance of understanding the limitations and potential of genetic assessments. It explores how these aspects are crucial in advancing our comprehension of this phenomenon. In a rapidly advancing era of precision medicine, understanding the intricacies of OMD opens up exciting possibilities for tailored treatment approaches. By elucidating the genetic underpinnings and dynamic nature of this condition, we stand to improve patient outcomes and potentially shift the paradigm of metastatic cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (V.G.); (G.N.)
| | | | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (G.S.); (M.I.); (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Monica Ianniello
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (G.S.); (M.I.); (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (G.S.); (M.I.); (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marika Casillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (G.S.); (M.I.); (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (V.G.); (G.N.)
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Hospital Pharmacist Manager, Pharmaceutical Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Via Dell’amicizia 22, 80035 Nola, Italy;
| | - Andrea Zovi
- Hospital Pharmacist, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (V.G.); (G.N.)
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (V.G.); (G.N.)
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (V.G.); (G.N.)
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Severin F, Mouawad N, Ruggeri E, Visentin A, Martinello L, Pagnin E, Trimarco V, Pravato S, Angotzi F, Facco M, Trentin L, Frezzato F. Focal adhesion kinase activation by calcium-dependent calpain is involved in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell aggressiveness. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:224-236. [PMID: 37495265 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Signalling events downstream the B-cell receptor (BCR) are central for the survival and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), regulated through calpain, interacts with molecules of BCR signalling, cytoskeletal modelling and disease progression, such as Src/Lyn, cortactin and HS1. Hypothesizing that FAK might play a key role in CLL pathogenesis, we observed a down-modulation of FAK whole form, associated with FAK cleavage due to calpain activity upon BCR stimulation. Patients, whose cells were able to release Ca++ after BCR stimulation, had less amount of full-length FAK, which translated into a higher presence of cleaved/activated form of the protein phosphorylated at Y397, these features being mostly shown by immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV)-unmutated poor-prognosis patients. Moreover, we found that cortactin and HS1 proteins were overexpressed in those cells, suggesting a possible interplay with FAK. Treatment with the FAK inhibitor Defactinib was able to induce apoptosis in CLL cells. In conclusion, the malignant phenotype in unfavourable-prognosis patients seems to be encouraged by the overexpression of cortactin and HS1, that, together with FAK, may be involved in a druggable pathogenetic pathway in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Severin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Martinello
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Pravato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Angotzi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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6
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Contadini C, Ferri A, Cirotti C, Stupack D, Barilà D. Caspase-8 and Tyrosine Kinases: A Dangerous Liaison in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3271. [PMID: 37444381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 is a cysteine-aspartic acid protease that has been identified as an initiator caspase that plays an essential role in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer and Caspase-8 expression is silenced in some tumors, consistent with its central role in apoptosis. However, in the past years, several studies reported an increased expression of Caspase-8 levels in many tumors and consistently identified novel "non-canonical" non-apoptotic functions of Caspase-8 that overall promote cancer progression and sustain therapy resistance. These reports point to the ability of cancer cells to rewire Caspase-8 function in cancer and raise the question of which are the signaling pathways aberrantly activated in cancer that may contribute to the hijack of Caspase-8 activity. In this regard, tyrosine kinases are among the first oncogenes ever identified and genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies indeed show that they represent a class of signaling molecules constitutively activated in most of the tumors. Here, we aim to review and discuss the role of Caspase-8 in cancer and its interplay with Src and other tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Contadini
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dwayne Stupack
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0803, USA
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
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7
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Dey H, Vasudevan K, Doss C. GP, Kumar SU, El Allali A, Alsamman AM, Zayed H. Integrated gene network analysis sheds light on understanding the progression of Osteosarcoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1154417. [PMID: 37081847 PMCID: PMC10110863 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1154417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma is a rare disorder among cancer, but the most frequently occurring among sarcomas in children and adolescents. It has been reported to possess the relapsing capability as well as accompanying collateral adverse effects which hinder the development process of an effective treatment plan. Using networks of omics data to identify cancer biomarkers could revolutionize the field in understanding the cancer. Cancer biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms behind it can both be understood by studying the biological networks underpinning the etiology of the disease. Methods In our study, we aimed to highlight the hub genes involved in gene-gene interaction network to understand their interaction and how they affect the various biological processes and signaling pathways involved in Osteosarcoma. Gene interaction network provides a comprehensive overview of functional gene analysis by providing insight into how genes cooperatively interact to elicit a response. Because gene interaction networks serve as a nexus to many biological problems, their employment of it to identify the hub genes that can serve as potential biomarkers remain widely unexplored. A dynamic framework provides a clear understanding of biological complexity and a pathway from the gene level to interaction networks. Results Our study revealed various hub genes viz. TP53, CCND1, CDK4, STAT3, and VEGFA by analyzing various topological parameters of the network, such as highest number of interactions, average shortest path length, high cluster density, etc. Their involvement in key signaling pathways, such as the FOXM1 transcription factor network, FAK-mediated signaling events, and the ATM pathway, makes them significant candidates for studying the disease. The study also highlighted significant enrichment in GO terms (Biological Processes, Molecular Function, and Cellular Processes), such as cell cycle signal transduction, cell communication, kinase binding, transcription factor activity, nucleoplasm, PML body, nuclear body, etc. Conclusion To develop better therapeutics, a specific approach toward the disease targeting the hub genes involved in various signaling pathways must have opted to unravel the complexity of the disease. Our study has highlighted the candidate hub genes viz. TP53, CCND1 CDK4, STAT3, VEGFA. Their involvement in the major signaling pathways of Osteosarcoma makes them potential candidates to be targeted for drug development. The highly enriched signaling pathways include FOXM1 transcription pathway, ATM signal-ling pathway, FAK mediated signaling events, Arf6 signaling events, mTOR signaling pathway, and Integrin family cell surface interactions. Targeting the hub genes and their associated functional partners which we have reported in our studies may be efficacious in developing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrituraj Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - George Priya Doss C.
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - S. Udhaya Kumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Alsamman M. Alsamman
- Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Ottaiano A, Santorsola M, Circelli L, Trotta AM, Izzo F, Perri F, Cascella M, Sabbatino F, Granata V, Correra M, Tarotto L, Stilo S, Fiore F, Martucci N, Rocca AL, Picone C, Muto P, Borzillo V, Belli A, Patrone R, Mercadante E, Tatangelo F, Ferrara G, Di Mauro A, Scognamiglio G, Berretta M, Capuozzo M, Lombardi A, Galon J, Gualillo O, Pace U, Delrio P, Savarese G, Scala S, Nasti G, Caraglia M. Oligo-Metastatic Cancers: Putative Biomarkers, Emerging Challenges and New Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061827. [PMID: 36980713 PMCID: PMC10047282 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Some cancer patients display a less aggressive form of metastatic disease, characterized by a low tumor burden and involving a smaller number of sites, which is referred to as "oligometastatic disease" (OMD). This review discusses new biomarkers, as well as methodological challenges and perspectives characterizing OMD. Recent studies have revealed that specific microRNA profiles, chromosome patterns, driver gene mutations (ERBB2, PBRM1, SETD2, KRAS, PIK3CA, SMAD4), polymorphisms (TCF7L2), and levels of immune cell infiltration into metastases, depending on the tumor type, are associated with an oligometastatic behavior. This suggests that OMD could be a distinct disease with specific biological and molecular characteristics. Therefore, the heterogeneity of initial tumor burden and inclusion of OMD patients in clinical trials pose a crucial methodological question that requires responses in the near future. Additionally, a solid understanding of the molecular and biological features of OMD will be necessary to support and complete the clinical staging systems, enabling a better distinction of metastatic behavior and tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Circelli
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Correra
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Tarotto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Stilo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiore
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Martucci
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello La Rocca
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Picone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Borzillo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Belli
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Patrone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mercadante
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Ferrara
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giosué Scognamiglio
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ugo Pace
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Li H, Li L, Qiu X, Zhang J, Hua Z. The interaction of CFLAR with p130Cas promotes cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119390. [PMID: 36400248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CASP8 and FADD Like Apoptosis Regulator (CFLAR) is a key anti-apoptotic regulator for resistance to apoptosis mediated by Fas and TRAIL. In addition to its anti-apoptotic function, CFLAR is also an important mediator of tumor growth. High level of CFLAR expression correlates with a more aggressive tumor. However, the mechanism of CFLAR signaling in malignant progression is not clear. Here we report a novel CFLAR-associated protein p130Cas, which is a general regulator of cell growth and cell migration. CFLAR-p130Cas association is mediated by the DED domain of CFLAR and the SD domain of p130Cas. Immunofluorescence observation showed that CFLAR had the colocalization with p130Cas at the focal adhesion of cell membrane. CFLAR overexpression promoted p130Cas phosphorylation and the formation of focal adhesion complex. Moreover, the enhancement of cell migration induced by CFLAR overexpression was obviously inhibited by p130Cas siRNA. In silico analysis on human database suggests high expressions of CFLAR or/and p130Cas are associated with poor prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Together, our results suggest a new mechanism for CFLAR involved in tumor development via association with p130Cas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luqi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China.
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10
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Contadini C, Ferri A, Di Martile M, Cirotti C, Del Bufalo D, De Nicola F, Pallocca M, Fanciulli M, Sacco F, Donninelli G, Capone A, Volpe E, Keller N, Miki S, Kawauchi D, Stupack D, Furnari F, Barilà D. Caspase-8 as a novel mediator linking Src kinase signaling to enhanced glioblastoma malignancy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:417-428. [PMID: 36460775 PMCID: PMC9950463 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 is a cysteine protease that plays an essential role in apoptosis. Consistently with its canonical proapoptotic function, cancer cells may genetically or epigenetically downregulate its expression. Unexpectedly, Caspase-8 is often retained in cancer, suggesting the presence of alternative mechanisms that may be exploited by cancer cells to their own benefit. In this regard, we reported that Src tyrosine kinase, which is aberrantly activated in many tumors, promotes Caspase-8 phosphorylation on Tyrosine 380 (Y380) preventing its full activation. Here, we investigated the significance of Caspase-8 expression and of its phosphorylation on Y380 in glioblastoma, a brain tumor where both Caspase-8 expression and Src activity are often aberrantly upregulated. Transcriptomic analyses identified inflammatory response as a major target of Caspase-8, and in particular, NFκB signaling as one of the most affected pathways. More importantly, we could show that Src-dependent phosphorylation of Caspase-8 on Y380 drives the assembly of a multiprotein complex that triggers NFκB activation, thereby inducing the expression of inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors. Remarkably, phosphorylation on Y380 sustains neoangiogenesis and resistance to radiotherapy. In summary, our work identifies a novel interplay between Src kinase and Caspase-8 that allows cancer cells to hijack Caspase-8 to sustain tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Contadini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- UOSD Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- UOSD Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Pallocca
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Donninelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimmunology, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Capone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimmunology, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimmunology, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadine Keller
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0803, USA
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dwayne Stupack
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0803, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Chai J, Lei Y, Xiang X, Ye J, Zhao H, Yi L. High expression of caspase‐8 as a predictive factor of poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7651-7666. [PMID: 36533709 PMCID: PMC10067063 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is considered to be one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers. Caspase-8 (CASP8) is a key protein of cross-talk signaling in a variety of cancers. However, the role of CASP8 expression in the prognosis of patients with ESCA has remained unexplored. Hence, it is needed to explore the clinical significance of CASP8 expression in ESCA. METHODS The expression and prognosis of CASP8 were investigated in ESCA using the UALCAN, GEDS, TIMER, and OncoLnc databases. The CASP8 genetic variations in ESCA were assessed using the cBioPortal database. The correlation between CASP8 expression and tumor immune invasion and immune cell surface indicators was examined using the TIMER and TISIDTISIDB datasets. Meanwhile, the abundance of the immunological cells in the tumor and healthy tissues was assessed by the CIBERSORT method. Next, information on the co-expressed genes of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ESCA-tumor and ESCA-healthy tissues was obtained using the cBioPortal, UALCAN, and Coexpedia databases. Subsequently, the PPI network was constructed and the GO and KEGG pathways were analyzed using the SIRING database. Finally, CASP8 mRNA and protein expression in the ESCA tissues and matched adjacent healthy tissues were analyzed using qRT-PCR, immune-blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the relationship between clinicopathological features and CASP8 expression was assessed. RESULTS ESCA tissues had higher levels of CASP8 mRNA and protein expression compared to healthy tissues. patients with an elevated level of CASP8 expression had poor overall survival (OS). CASP8 expression was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation (P = 0.004) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.044). There were diverse patterns of association between immunological cell surface biomarkers and CASP8 expression. CONCLUSION ESCA showed significant levels of CASP8 expression which may serve as a prognostic biomarker correlated to immune infiltrates in ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences & Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng China
| | - Yongqiang Lei
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences & Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng China
| | - Xindong Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Pathology Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng China
| | - Lili Yi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences & Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng China
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12
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Horwacik I. The Extracellular Matrix and Neuroblastoma Cell Communication-A Complex Interplay and Its Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193172. [PMID: 36231134 PMCID: PMC9564247 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric neuroendocrine neoplasm. It arises from the sympatho-adrenal lineage of neural-crest-derived multipotent progenitor cells that fail to differentiate. NB is the most common extracranial tumor in children, and it manifests undisputed heterogeneity. Unsatisfactory outcomes of high-risk (HR) NB patients call for more research to further inter-relate treatment and molecular features of the disease. In this regard, it is well established that in the tumor microenvironment (TME), malignant cells are engaged in complex and dynamic interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells. The ECM can be a source of both pro- and anti-tumorigenic factors to regulate tumor cell fate, such as survival, proliferation, and resistance to therapy. Moreover, the ECM composition, organization, and resulting signaling networks are vastly remodeled during tumor progression and metastasis. This review mainly focuses on the molecular mechanisms and effects of interactions of selected ECM components with their receptors on neuroblastoma cells. Additionally, it describes roles of enzymes modifying and degrading ECM in NB. Finally, the article gives examples on how the knowledge is exploited for prognosis and to yield new treatment options for NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Horwacik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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13
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Ansalone C, Ainsworth RI, Nygaard G, Ai R, Prideaux EB, Hammaker D, Perumal NB, Weichert K, Tung F, Kodandapani L, Sauder JM, Mertsching EC, Benschop RJ, Boyle DL, Wang W, Firestein GS. Caspase-8 Variant G Regulates Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Aggressive Behavior. ACR Open Rheumatol 2022; 4:288-299. [PMID: 34963199 PMCID: PMC8992463 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by contributing to synovial inflammation and progressive joint damage. An imprinted epigenetic state is associated with the FLS aggressive phenotype. We identified CASP8 (encoding for caspase-8) as a differentially marked gene and evaluated its pathogenic role in RA FLSs. METHODS RA FLS lines were obtained from synovial tissues at arthroplasty and used at passage 5-8. Caspase-8 was silenced using small interfering RNA, and its effect was determined in cell adhesion, migration and invasion assays. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot were used to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. A caspase-8 selective inhibitor was used determine the role of enzymatic activity on FLS migration and invasion. Caspase-8 isoform transcripts and epigenetic marks in FLSs were analyzed in FLS public databases. Crystal structures of caspase-8B and G were determined. RESULTS Caspase-8 deficiency in RA FLSs reduced cell adhesion, migration, and invasion independent of its catalytic activity. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses of RA FLSs revealed that a specific caspase-8 isoform, variant G, is the dominant isoform expressed (~80% of total caspase-8) and induced by PDGF. The crystal structures of caspase-8 variant G and B were identical except for a unique unstructured 59 amino acid N-terminal domain in variant G. Selective knockdown of caspase-8G was solely responsible for the effects of caspase-8 on calpain activity and cell invasion in FLS. CONCLUSION Blocking caspase-8 variant G could decrease cell invasion in diseases like RA without the potential deleterious effects of nonspecific caspase-8 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gyrid Nygaard
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Rizi Ai
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
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14
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Ghosh A, Das C, Ghose S, Maitra A, Roy B, Majumder PP, Biswas NK. Integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data of normal, tumour and co-occurring leukoplakia tissue triads drawn from patients with gingivobuccal oral cancer identifies signatures of tumour initiation and progression. J Pathol 2022; 257:593-606. [PMID: 35358331 PMCID: PMC9545831 DOI: 10.1002/path.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A thickened, white patch — leukoplakia — in the oral cavity is usually benign, but sometimes (in ~9% of individuals) it progresses to malignant tumour. Because the genomic basis of this progression is poorly understood, we undertook this study and collected samples of four tissues — leukoplakia, tumour, adjacent normal, and blood — from each of 28 patients suffering from gingivobuccal oral cancer. We performed multiomics analysis of the 112 collected tissues (four tissues per patient from 28 patients) and integrated information on progressive changes in the mutational and transcriptional profiles of each patient to create this genomic narrative. Additionally, we generated and analysed whole‐exome sequence data from leukoplakia tissues collected from 11 individuals not suffering from oral cancer. Nonsynonymous somatic mutations in the CASP8 gene were identified as the likely events to initiate malignant transformation, since these were frequently shared between tumour and co‐occurring leukoplakia. CASP8 alterations were also shown to enhance expressions of genes that favour lateral spread of mutant cells. During malignant transformation, additional pathogenic mutations are acquired in key genes (TP53, NOTCH1, HRAS) (41% of patients); chromosomal‐instability (arm‐level deletions of 19p and q, focal‐deletion of DNA‐repair pathway genes and NOTCH1, amplification of EGFR) (77%), and increased APOBEC‐activity (23%) are also observed. These additional alterations were present singly (18% of patients) or in combination (68%). Some of these alterations likely impact immune‐dynamics of the evolving transformed tissue; progression to malignancy is associated with immune suppression through infiltration of regulatory T‐cells (56%), depletion of cytotoxic T‐cells (68%), and antigen‐presenting dendritic cells (72%), with a concomitant increase in inflammation (92%). Patients can be grouped into three clusters by the estimated time to development of cancer from precancer by acquiring additional mutations (range: 4–10 years). Our findings provide deep molecular insights into the evolutionary processes and trajectories of oral cancer initiation and progression. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | | | - Sandip Ghose
- Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - Bidyut Roy
- Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.,Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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15
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The non-apoptotic function of Caspase-8 in negatively regulating the CDK9-mediated Ser2 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II in cervical cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:597. [PMID: 36399280 PMCID: PMC9674771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed and fatal gynecological cancer. 15-61% of all cases metastasize and develop chemoresistance, reducing the 5-year survival of cervical cancer patients to as low as 17%. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms contributing to metastasis is critical in developing better-targeted therapies against it. Here, we have identified a novel mechanism where nuclear Caspase-8 directly interacts with and inhibits the activity of CDK9, thereby modulating RNAPII-mediated global transcription, including those of cell-migration- and cell-invasion-associated genes. Crucially, low Caspase-8 expression in cervical cancer patients leads to poor prognosis, higher CDK9 phosphorylation at Thr186, and increased RNAPII activity in cervical cancer cell lines and patient biopsies. Caspase-8 knock-out cells were also more resistant to the small-molecule CDK9 inhibitor BAY1251152 in both 2D- and 3D-culture conditions. Combining BAY1251152 with Cisplatin synergistically overcame chemoresistance of Caspase-8-deficient cervical cancer cells. Therefore, Caspase-8 expression could be a marker in chemoresistant cervical tumors, suggesting CDK9 inhibitor treatment for their sensitization to Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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16
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Non-apoptotic function of caspase-8 confers prostate cancer enzalutamide resistance via NF-κB activation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:833. [PMID: 34482382 PMCID: PMC8418603 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 is a unique member of caspases with a dual role in cell death and survival. Caspase-8 expression is often lost in some tumors, but increased in others, indicating a potential pro-survival function in cancer. By analyzing transcriptome of enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells, we found that resistance was conferred by a mild caspase-8 upregulation that in turn led to NF-κB activation and the subsequent upregulation of the downstream IL-8. Mechanistically, we found that the pro-survival and enzalutamide-resistance-promoting features of caspase-8 were independent of its proteolytic activity, using a catalytically-inactive caspase-8 mutant. We further demonstrated that caspase-8 pro-apoptotic function was inhibited via cFLIP binding. Moreover, high caspase-8 expression was correlated with a worse prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Collectively, our work demonstrates that enzalutamide-resistance is mediated by caspase-8 upregulation and the consequent increase in NF-κB/IL-8 mediated survival signaling, highlighting caspase-8 and NF-κB as potential therapeutic targets to overcome enzalutamide-resistance in CRPC.
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17
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Castillo Ferrer C, Berthenet K, Ichim G. Apoptosis - Fueling the oncogenic fire. FEBS J 2021; 288:4445-4463. [PMID: 33179432 PMCID: PMC8451771 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, recent studies have shown that apoptosis exerts noncanonical functions and may paradoxically promote tumor growth and metastasis. The hijacking of apoptosis by cancer cells may arise at different levels, either via the interaction of apoptotic cells with their local or distant microenvironment, or through the abnormal pro-oncogenic roles of the main apoptosis effectors, namely caspases and mitochondria, particularly upon failed apoptosis. In this review, we highlight some of the recently described mechanisms by which apoptosis and these effectors may promote cancer aggressiveness. We believe that a better understanding of the noncanonical roles of apoptosis may be crucial for developing more efficient cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo Ferrer
- Cancer Target and Experimental TherapeuticsInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM U1209CNRS UMR5309Grenoble Alpes UniversityFrance
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
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18
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Min W, He C, Zhang S, Zhao Y. c-Src Increases the Sensitivity to TKIs in the EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:602900. [PMID: 34367939 PMCID: PMC8339729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.602900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Src and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are key apical kinases that govern cell responses to microenvironmental cues. How c-Src affects EGFR-related signaling and targeted therapy remains elusive. Initially, caspase-8 phosphorylated at tyrosine 380 by c-Src predominantly enhancing c-Src activation to facilitate metastasis through attaining epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, the linkage of c-Src SH2 domain with phosphotyrosine 380 of caspase-8 and SH3 domain with “PDEP” motif of caspase-8 overactivates c-Src as compared with other c-Src-partner proteins. c-Src is incapable of triggering EGFR-related signaling. This is reflected by the levels of phosphotyrosine 1068, 1086, and 1145, which have no impact on c-Src activation. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) suppress EGFR-related signaling to yield cell deaths of lung adenocarcinoma by both necroptosis and intrinsic apoptosis. Given that c-Src activation is frequent in lung adenocarcinoma, blocking c-Src activation through dasatinib can seal the survival-signaling-related phosphotyrosines of EGFR by its SH2 domain, which in turn increases the antitumor activity of TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Collectively, c-Src inactivation by dasatinib administration sensitizes EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Min
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenyang He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Mustafa M, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Abdelhamid D, Katkar GD, Mostafa YA, Ghosh P, Hayallah AM, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. A first-in-class anticancer dual HDAC2/FAK inhibitors bearing hydroxamates/benzamides capped by pyridinyl-1,2,4-triazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113569. [PMID: 34111829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel 5-pyridinyl-1,2,4-triazoles were designed as dual inhibitors of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Compounds 5d, 6a, 7c, and 11c were determined as potential inhibitors of both HDAC2 (IC50 = 0.09-1.40 μM) and FAK (IC50 = 12.59-36.11 nM); 6a revealed the highest activity with IC50 values of 0.09 μM and 12.59 nM for HDAC2 and FAK, respectively. Compound 6a was superior to reference drugs vorinostat and valproic acid in its ability to inhibit growth/proliferation of A-498 and Caki-1 renal cancer cells. Further investigation proved that 6a strongly arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and triggers apoptosis in both A-498 and Caki-1 cells. Moreover, the enhanced Akt activity that is observed upon chronic application of HDAC inhibitors was effectively suppressed by the dual HDAC2/FAK inhibitor. Finally, the high potency and selectivity of 6a towards HDAC2 and FAK proteins were rationalized by molecular docking. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of 6a as a promising dual-acting HDAC2/FAK inhibitor that could benefit from further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Mustafa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Gajanan D Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yaser A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alaa M Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt.
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20
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Regulation of Cancer Metastasis by TRAIL/Death Receptor Signaling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040499. [PMID: 33810241 PMCID: PMC8065657 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Death ligands such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; TNFSF10) and their corresponding death receptors (e.g., DR5) not only initiate apoptosis through activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway but also exert non-apoptotic biological functions such as regulation of inflammation and cancer metastasis. The involvement of the TRAIL/death receptor signaling pathway in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis is complex as both positive and negative roles have been reported. The underlying molecular mechanisms are even more complicated. This review will focus on discussing current knowledge in our understanding of the involvement of TRAIL/death receptor-mediated signaling in the regulation of cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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21
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Peyre L, Meyer M, Hofman P, Roux J. TRAIL receptor-induced features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition increase tumour phenotypic heterogeneity: potential cell survival mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:91-101. [PMID: 33257838 PMCID: PMC7782794 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing efforts to exploit the death receptor agonists, such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), for cancer therapy, have largely been impaired by the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival signalling pathways leading to drug resistance. Cell migration, invasion, differentiation, immune evasion and anoikis resistance are plastic processes sharing features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that have been shown to give cancer cells the ability to escape cell death upon cytotoxic treatments. EMT has recently been suggested to drive a heterogeneous cellular environment that appears favourable for tumour progression. Recent studies have highlighted a link between EMT and cell sensitivity to TRAIL, whereas others have highlighted their effects on the induction of EMT. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms by which death signals can elicit an increase in response heterogeneity in the metastasis context, and to evaluate the impact of these processes on cell responses to cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Peyre
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Mickael Meyer
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Jérémie Roux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France.
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22
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The antihypertension effect of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) is induced by activating VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 267:118831. [PMID: 33253721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies demonstrated that H2S has an antihypertension effect on hypertension, but the mechanism involved is unclear until now. The aim of the study is to elucidate the effect of H2S on PH and the mechanism involved. MAIN METHODS In this study, GYY4137 (a H2S donor) were administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) by intraperitoneally injection daily for consecutive 14 days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and H2S levels were measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also used to elucidate the mechanism involved in the protect effect of H2S on the injured vessels. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that GYY4137 normalized the SBP (P < 0.0001), increased EDR (P < 0.01), reduced oxidative stress (increased the content of SOD and reduced the content of MDA) of SHR. Meanwhile, GYY4137 could promote the proliferation (P < 0.01) and migration (P < 0.01) of HUVECs, increase the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) both in SHR and HUVECs treated with GYY4137. In addition to the above results, the PIP3/Akt signaling pathway was activated and the expression of caspase 3 was increased by GYY4137. However, all the above effects of GYY4137 were blocked by ZD6474 (a VEGFR2 inhibitor). SIGNIFICANCE GYY4137 had a hypotensive and vascular protect effect on PH. This effect might be mediated through upregulating the expression of VEGFR2, which subsequently alleviating oxidant-provoked vascular endothelial dysfunction, and promoting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in SHR.
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23
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Hong W, Gu Y, Guan R, Xie D, Zhou H, Yu M. Pan-cancer analysis of the CASP gene family in relation to survival, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and therapeutic targets. Genomics 2020; 112:4304-4315. [PMID: 32682809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cysteinyl aspartate protease (caspase, or CASP) gene family plays a significant role in programmed cell death, inflammation and immunity. However, the correlation between CASP family members and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in different tumors has not been determined. We investigated the role of CASP genes in cancer prognosis and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters. We also evaluated the correlation between the expression of CASP family members and cancer immune infiltration and evaluated whether these molecules can be used as targets for immunotherapy. The CASP1/2/4/5/7/9 genes may represent prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. Another finding is that the CASP1/4/5 genes help to regulate innate immunity and T cell immunity and may also have an important effect on tumor checkpoint inhibition. These findings may elucidate the roles played by CASP family members in cancer progression and identify strategies to promote collaborative activities in the context of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai, China
| | - YuJun Gu
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RenGuo Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daipeng Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of FADD Upregulation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092393. [PMID: 32847023 PMCID: PMC7563729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated death domain (FADD) upregulation, i.e., gene amplification, protein phosphorylation and/or overexpression, has shown promising prognostic implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of FADD upregulation in HNSCC. We searched studies published before February 2020 through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. We evaluated the quality of the studies included using the QUIPS tool. The impact of FADD upregulation on survival and clinicopathological variables was meta-analysed. We explored heterogeneity and their sources, conducted sensitivity analyses and investigated small-study effects. Thirteen studies (1,923 patients) met inclusion criteria. FADD immunohistochemical overexpression was statistically associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.28-1.81, p < 0.001), disease-specific survival (HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.61-3.96, p < 0.001), disease-free survival (HR = 1.67, 95% CI=1.29-2.15, p < 0.001), higher clinical stage (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.17-2.51, p = 0.005) and a large magnitude of effect with N+ status (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.85-3.00, p < 0.001). FADD phosphorylation in ser-194 demonstrated no prognostic value, while no conclusive results can be drawn for FADD gene amplification. In conclusion, our findings indicate that immunohistochemical assessment of FADD overexpression could be incorporated into the prognostic evaluation of HNSCC.
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25
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Abstract
This Open Question article highlights current advances in the study of non-apoptotic roles of apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis is a highly regulated and energy-requiring process in which cells actively kill themselves. Apoptosis helps remove extra cells to sculpt organs during embryo development and culls damaged cells throughout the body. Apoptosis relies on evolutionarily conserved proteins that include a family of proteases called caspases. Caspases activity has long been considered a hallmark of apoptosis. Yet an emerging body of literature indicates that caspase activity is required for a number of non-lethal processes that range from sculpting cells, removing protein aggregates, changing cell identity during differentiation or de-differentiation, and rebuilding tissues. Failure in each of these processes is associated with human disease. This article is not meant to be an exhaustive review but an introduction to the subject for an educated public, with caspases as a gateway example. I propose that it is time to explore non-apoptotic roles of caspases and other apoptotic proteins, in order to better understand their non-apoptosis function and to leverage new knowledge into new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Oncology Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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26
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Discovery of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridine derivatives as potent FAK inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104092. [PMID: 32707280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for development of various tumor types. Aiming to explore new potent inhibitors, two series of 2,4-disubstituted-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized on the base of structure-based design strategy. Biological evaluation indicated that most of these new compounds could potently inhibit FAK kinase, leading to the promising inhibitors against the proliferation of U-87MG, A-549, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Among them, the optimized compound 18h potently inhibited the enzyme (IC50 = 19.1 nM) and displayed stronger potency than TAE-226 in U-87MG, A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC50 values of 0.35, 0.24, and 0.34 μM, respectively. Compound 18h is a multi-target kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, compound 18h also exhibited relatively less cytotoxicity (IC50 = 3.72 μM) toward a normal human cell line, HK2. According to the flow cytometry and wound healing assay results, compound 18h effectively induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells and suppressed the migration of U-87MG, A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The docking study of compound 18h was performed to elucidate its possible binding modes and to provide a structural basis for the further structural guidance design of FAK inhibitors. Collectively, these data support the further development of compound 18h as a lead compound for FAK-targeted anticancer drug discovery.
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27
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Song Y, Li C, Fu Y, Xie Q, Guo J, Li G, Wu H. Inward Tension of Talin and Integrin-related Osmotic Pressure are involved Synergetically in the Invasion and Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:5032-5041. [PMID: 32742451 PMCID: PMC7378908 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin receptor protein talin plays vital roles in intracellular chemical and mechanical activities, and it is implicated in the high invasion and poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To better understand the mechanism underlying the function of talin in NSCLC invasion and metastasis, a few newly designed tension probe based on Förster resonance energy transfer was used for real-time observation of tension changes in A549 cells. High NSCLC cell aggressiveness was found to be accompanied with inward talin and outward glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) tensions, which are closely associated with microfilament (MF) force and intracellular osmotic potential. The increased osmotic pressure resulted from the production of intracellular protein nanoparticles and the related ion influx. Furthermore, integrin activation was found to adjust the talin and GFAP tensions. Disruption of the interaction between talin and MFs blocked the mechanical source of talin, reducing both talin tension and osmotic pressure and thus inhibiting NSCLC cell invasion and migration. Consequently, our study demonstrates that talin is involved in NSCLC invasion and migration via its inward tension and that the integrin pathway is correlated closely with protein-nanoparticle-induced outward osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yahan Fu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qiu Xie
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223001, PR China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
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28
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Tisch N, Freire-Valls A, Yerbes R, Paredes I, La Porta S, Wang X, Martín-Pérez R, Castro L, Wong WWL, Coultas L, Strilic B, Gröne HJ, Hielscher T, Mogler C, Adams RH, Heiduschka P, Claesson-Welsh L, Mazzone M, López-Rivas A, Schmidt T, Augustin HG, Ruiz de Almodovar C. Caspase-8 modulates physiological and pathological angiogenesis during retina development. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5092-5107. [PMID: 31454332 DOI: 10.1172/jci122767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During developmental angiogenesis, blood vessels grow and remodel to ultimately build a hierarchical vascular network. Whether, how, cell death signaling molecules contribute to blood vessel formation is still not well understood. Caspase-8 (Casp-8), a key protease in the extrinsic cell death-signaling pathway, regulates cell death via both apoptosis and necroptosis. Here, we show that expression of Casp-8 in endothelial cells (ECs) is required for proper postnatal retina angiogenesis. EC-specific Casp-8-KO pups (Casp-8ECKO) showed reduced retina angiogenesis, as the loss of Casp-8 reduced EC proliferation, sprouting, and migration independently of its cell death function. Instead, the loss of Casp-8 caused hyperactivation of p38 MAPK downstream of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and destabilization of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) at EC junctions. In a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) resembling retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), loss of Casp-8 in ECs was beneficial, as pathological neovascularization was reduced in Casp-8ECKO pups. Taking these data together, we show that Casp-8 acts in a cell death-independent manner in ECs to regulate the formation of the retina vasculature and that Casp-8 in ECs is mechanistically involved in the pathophysiology of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tisch
- Biochemistry Center.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS).,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, and
| | - Aida Freire-Valls
- Biochemistry Center.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosario Yerbes
- Biochemistry Center.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla and Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isidora Paredes
- Biochemistry Center.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS).,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, and
| | - Silvia La Porta
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS).,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rosa Martín-Pérez
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wendy Wei-Lynn Wong
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leigh Coultas
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and
| | - Peter Heiduschka
- Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abelardo López-Rivas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla and Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS).,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- Biochemistry Center.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS).,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, and
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29
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Ottaiano A, Circelli L, Lombardi A, Scala S, Martucci N, Galon J, Buonanno M, Scognamiglio G, Botti G, Hermitte F, Savarese G, D'Amore L, Tatangelo F, Di Mauro A, Liguori G, Trotta AM, Napolitano M, Capozzi M, Tafuto S, Perri F, La Rocca A, Caraglia M, Nasti G. Genetic trajectory and immune microenvironment of lung-specific oligometastatic colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:275. [PMID: 32332709 PMCID: PMC7181838 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetics and immunologic dynamics pushing the evolution of colorectal cancer (CRC) from the primary tumor to the metastases are largely unknown; cancer heterogeneity makes challenging both therapy and mechanistic studies. We selected patients developing CRC with lung-limited metastatic disease as only illness during their life in order to find any relevant genotype–phenotype relationship. Analysis of 523 cancer-relevant genes and of immune cells infiltration in primary and metastatic tissues revealed atypical genomic trajectories (TMB decrease, KRAS and SMAD4 regressive mutations), specific genetic events (ERBB2 point mutations) and scarce T-cell infiltration. These insights provide novel information in oligometastatic CRC biology and new perspectives for cancer monitoring and anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, SSD-Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Cancers, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", , Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luisa Circelli
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Martucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Jerome Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Buonanno
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale",, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale",, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi D'Amore
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale",, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale",, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Liguori
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale",, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Capozzi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Clinical and Experimental Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Clinical and Experimental Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello La Rocca
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, SSD-Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Cancers, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", , Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
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30
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Downregulation of thioredoxin-1-dependent CD95 S-nitrosation by Sorafenib reduces liver cancer. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101528. [PMID: 32388267 PMCID: PMC7210585 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 80% of the primary hepatic neoplasms. It is the sixth most frequent neoplasm, the fourth cause of cancer-related death, and 7% of registered malignancies. Sorafenib is the first line molecular targeted therapy for patients in advanced stage of HCC. The present study shows that Sorafenib exerts free radical scavenging properties associated with the downregulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) expression in liver cancer cells. The experimental downregulation and/or overexpression strategies showed that Trx1 induced activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) type 3 (NOS3) and S-nitrosation (SNO) of CD95 receptor leading to an increase of caspase-8 activity and cell proliferation, as well as reduction of caspase-3 activity in liver cancer cells. In addition, Sorafenib transiently increased mRNA expression and activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in HepG2 cells. Different experimental models of hepatocarcinogenesis based on the subcutaneous implantation of HepG2 cells in nude mice, as well as the induction of HCC by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) confirmed the relevance of Trx1 downregulation during the proapoptotic and antiproliferative properties induced by Sorafenib. In conclusion, the induction of apoptosis and antiproliferative properties by Sorafenib were related to Trx1 downregulation that appeared to play a relevant role on SNO of NOS3 and CD95 in HepG2 cells. The transient increase of GSNOR might also participate in the deactivation of CD95-dependent proliferative signaling in liver cancer cells. Sorafenib induces mitochondrial ROS generation, but also acts as nucleophilic scavenger. Sorafenib reduces Nrf2-depenent Trx1 expression, and SNO–NOS3 and SNO-CD95 ratios. Sorafenib-related antitumoral in vivo activity involves diminution of Trx1 and SNO-CD95.
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31
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Müller I, Strozyk E, Schindler S, Beissert S, Oo HZ, Sauter T, Lucarelli P, Raeth S, Hausser A, Al Nakouzi N, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Liu H, Simon HU, Walczak H, Green DR, Bartek J, Daugaard M, Kulms D. Cancer Cells Employ Nuclear Caspase-8 to Overcome the p53-Dependent G2/M Checkpoint through Cleavage of USP28. Mol Cell 2020; 77:970-984.e7. [PMID: 31982308 PMCID: PMC7060810 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic caspase-8 is a mediator of death receptor signaling. While caspase-8 expression is lost in some tumors, it is increased in others, indicating a conditional pro-survival function of caspase-8 in cancer. Here, we show that tumor cells employ DNA-damage-induced nuclear caspase-8 to override the p53-dependent G2/M cell-cycle checkpoint. Caspase-8 is upregulated and localized to the nucleus in multiple human cancers, correlating with treatment resistance and poor clinical outcome. Depletion of caspase-8 causes G2/M arrest, stabilization of p53, and induction of p53-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in tumor cells. In the nucleus, caspase-8 cleaves and inactivates the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 28 (USP28), preventing USP28 from de-ubiquitinating and stabilizing wild-type p53. This results in de facto p53 protein loss, switching cell fate from apoptosis toward mitosis. In summary, our work identifies a non-canonical role of caspase-8 exploited by cancer cells to override the p53-dependent G2/M cell-cycle checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Müller
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Elwira Strozyk
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Stefan Beissert
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Systems Biology, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Systems Biology, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastian Raeth
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology and Stuttgart Research Centre Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology and Stuttgart Research Centre Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Nader Al Nakouzi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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Caspase-8: The double-edged sword. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188357. [PMID: 32147543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 is a cysteine - aspartate specific protease that classically triggers the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, in response to the activation of cell surface Death Receptors (DRs) like FAS, TRAIL-R and TNF-R. Besides it's roles in triggering death receptor-mediated apoptosis, Caspase-8 has also been implicated in the onsets of anoikis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Furthermore, Caspase-8 also plays a crucial pro-survival function by inhibiting an alternative form of programmed cell death called necroptosis. Low expression levels of pro-Caspase-8 is therefore associated with the malignant transformation of cancers. However, the long-held notion that pro-Caspase-8 expression/activity is generally lost in most cancers, thereby contributing to apoptotic escape and enhanced resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics, has been found to be true for only a minority of cancers types. In the majority of cases, pro-Caspase-8 expression is maintained and sometimes elevated, while it's apoptotic activity is regulated through different mechanisms. This supports the notion that the non-apoptotic functions of Caspase-8 offer growth advantage in these cancer types and have, therefore, gained renewed interest in the recent years. In light of these reasons, a number of therapeutic approaches have been employed, with the intent of targeting pro-Caspase-8 in cancer cells. In this review, we would attempt to discuss - the classic roles of Caspase-8 in initiating apoptosis; it's non-apoptotic functions; it's the clinical significance in different cancer types; and the therapeutic applications exploiting the ability of pro-Caspase-8 to regulate various cellular functions.
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Abstract
Alternative splicing of precursor mRNA is a key mediator of gene expression regulation leading to greater diversity of the proteome in complex organisms. Systematic sequencing of the human genome and transcriptome has led to our understanding of how alternative splicing of critical genes leads to multiple pathological conditions such as cancer. For many years, proteases were known only for their roles as proteolytic enzymes, acting to regulate/process proteins associated with diverse cellular functions. However, the differential expression and altered function of various protease isoforms, such as (i) anti-apoptotic activities, (ii) mediating intercellular adhesion, and (iii) modifying the extracellular matrix, are evidence of their specific contribution towards shaping the tumor microenvironment. Revealing the alternative splicing of protease genes and characterization of their protein products/isoforms with distinct and opposing functions creates a platform to understand how protease isoforms contribute to specific cancer hallmarks. Here, in this review, we address cancer-specific isoforms produced by the alternative splicing of proteases and their distinctive roles in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamikara Liyanage
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Achala Fernando
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Aversa J, Song M, Shimazu T, Inoue M, Charvat H, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Pfeiffer RM, Karimi P, Dawsey SM, Rabkin CS, Tsugane S, Camargo MC. Prediagnostic circulating inflammation biomarkers and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A case-cohort study in Japan. Int J Cancer 2019; 147:686-691. [PMID: 31671219 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histologic subtype of esophageal cancer worldwide. Measurements of circulating inflammation-related biomarkers may inform etiology or provide noninvasive signatures for early diagnosis. We therefore examined levels of inflammation molecules for associations with ESCC risk. Using a case-cohort study designed within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, we measured baseline plasma levels of 92 biomarkers using a multiplex assay in a subcohort of 410 randomly selected participants and 66 participants with incident ESCC (including four cases that occurred in the subcohort). ESCC hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for 2-4 quantiles of each biomarker by Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as the time metric, adjusted for sex, smoking and alcohol use. Twenty analytes were undetectable in nearly all samples. Of the remaining 72, 12 biomarkers (FGF19, ST1A1, STAMBP, AXIN1, CASP8, NT3, CD6, CDCP1, CD5, SLAMF1, OPG and CSF1) were associated with increased ESCC risk (ptrend < 0.05) with HRs per quantile 1.28-1.65. Seven biomarkers (CXCL6, CCL23, CXCL5, TGFA, CXCL1, OSM and CCL4) were inversely associated with HRs 0.57-0.72. FGF19, CASP8, STAMBP, ST1A1 and CCL-4 met statistical significance with false discovery rate correction. Associations did not differ <5 vs. ≥5 years between blood collection and ESCC diagnosis. CASP8, STAMBP and ST1A1 were strongly correlated (p < 0.05). Our study expands the range of inflammation molecules associated with the development of this highly lethal neoplasia. Correlations among these novel biomarkers suggest a possible shared pathway. These findings need replication and could further delineate ESCCs molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aversa
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Parisa Karimi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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35
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Palrasu M, Knapinska AM, Diez J, Smith L, LaVoi T, Giulianotti M, Houghten RA, Fields GB, Minond D. A Novel Probe for Spliceosomal Proteins that Induces Autophagy and Death of Melanoma Cells Reveals New Targets for Melanoma Drug Discovery. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 53:656-686. [PMID: 31573152 PMCID: PMC6990463 DOI: 10.33594/000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Despite recent advances in melanoma drug discovery, the average overall survival of patients with late stage metastatic melanoma is approximately 3 years, suggesting a need for approaches that identify new melanoma targets. We have previously reported a discovery of novel anti-melanoma compound 2155–14 (Onwuha-Ekpete et al., J Med Chem. 2014 Feb 27; 57(4):1599–608). In the report presented herein we aim to identify its target(s) and mechanism of action. Methods: We utilized biotinylated analog of 2155–14 to pull down its targets from melanoma cells. Proteomics in combination with western blot were used to identify the targets. Mechanism of action of 2155–14 was determined using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, microscopy, western blot, and enzymatic activity assays. Where applicable, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used followed by Dunnett post hoc test. Results: In the present study, we identified ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) H1, H2 and A2/B1 as targets of anti-melanoma compound 2155–14. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report suggesting that these proteins could be targeted for melanoma therapy. Mechanistic investigations showed that 2155–14 induces ER stress leading to potentiation of basal autophagy resulting in melanoma cell death in BRAF and NRAS mutated melanoma cells. Conclusion: Identification of mode of action of 2155–14 may provide insight into novel therapies against a broad range of melanoma subtypes. These studies were enabled by the novel probe derived from a mixture-based library, an important class of chemical biology tools for discovering novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Anna M Knapinska
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Juan Diez
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lyndsay Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Travis LaVoi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Marc Giulianotti
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | | | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA,
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36
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Nguyen BT, Pyun JC, Lee SG, Kang MJ. Identification of new binding proteins of focal adhesion kinase using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12908. [PMID: 31501460 PMCID: PMC6733923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a 125 kDa protein recruited as a participant in focal adhesion dynamics and serves as a signaling scaffold for the assembly and subsequent maturation of focal contact. Identification of new FAK binding proteins could reveal potential signaling targets and contribute to further development of therapeutic drugs in the treatment of colon cancer. Here, we applied a functional proteomic strategy to identify proteins that interact with FAK in human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. Proteins were targeted by coimmunoprecipitation with an anti-FAK antibody and resolved on 1D-SDS-PAGE. The gel was excised, reduced, alkylated, and trypsin digested. Tryptic peptides were separated by nano-LC-MS/MS by an LTQ-Orbitrap-Velos spectrometer. We identified 101 proteins in the immunocomplex under epithelial growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Three proteins, zyxin, nesprin-1, and desmoplakin, were discovered and validated using reciprocal immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Then, we sought to study the biological relevance of these proteins by siRNA transfection of HCT-116 cells. According to the results, zyxin might play a central role as an upstream regulator to mediate critical cancer-related signaling pathways. Zyxin and nesprin-1 depletion significantly impaired cell migration and invasion capabilities. Additionally, we performed ELISA assays on serum samples from patients with colon cancer instead of cell models to quantify the protein levels of zyxin and nesprin-1. Our results suggested that zyxin and nesprin-1 are not only promising therapeutic targets but also potential diagnostic biomarkers for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Thanh Nguyen
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Biological Chemistry), Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials and Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Sang-Guk Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea. .,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea. .,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Biological Chemistry), Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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37
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Fleischmann M, Martin D, Peña-Llopis S, Oppermann J, von der Grün J, Diefenhardt M, Chatzikonstantinou G, Fokas E, Rödel C, Strebhardt K, Becker S, Rödel F, Tselis N. Association of Polo-Like Kinase 3 and PhosphoT273 Caspase 8 Levels With Disease-Related Outcomes Among Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated With Chemoradiation and Brachytherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:742. [PMID: 31475104 PMCID: PMC6702309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) followed by high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) represents state-of-the-art treatment for locally-advanced cervical cancer. Despite use of this treatment paradigm, disease-related outcomes have stagnated in recent years, indicating the need for biomarker development and improved patient stratification. Here, we report the association of Polo-like kinase (PLK) 3 expression and Caspase 8 T273 phosphorylation levels with survival among patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) treated with CRT plus BT. Methods: We identified 74 patients with FIGO Stage Ib to IVb cervix squamous cell carcinoma. Baseline immunohistochemical scoring of PLK3 and pT273 Caspase 8 levels was performed on pre-treatment samples. Correlation was then assessed between marker expression and clinical endpoints, including cumulative incidences of local and distant failure, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Data were then validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Results: PLK3 expression levels were associated with pT273 Caspase 8 levels (p = 0.009), as well as N stage (p = 0.046), M stage (p = 0.026), and FIGO stage (p = 0.001). By the same token, pT273 Caspase 8 levels were associated with T stage (p = 0.031). Increased PLK3 levels corresponded to a lower risk of distant relapse (p = 0.009), improved CSS (p = 0.001), and OS (p = 0.003). Phospho T273 Caspase 8 similarly corresponded to decreased risk of distant failure (p = 0.021), and increased CSS (p < 0.001) and OS (p < 0.001) and remained a significant predictor for OS on multivariate analysis. TCGA data confirmed the association of low PLK3 expression with resistance to radiotherapy and BT (p < 0.05), as well as increased propensity for metastasis (p = 0.019). Finally, a combined PLK3 and pT273 Caspase 8 score predicted for decreased distant relapse (p = 0.005), and both improved CSS (p < 0.001) and OS (p < 0.001); this combined score independently predicted distant failure (p = 0.041) and CSS (p = 0.003) on multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Increased pre-treatment tumor levels of PLK3 and pT273 Caspase 8 correspond to improved disease-related outcomes among cervical cancer patients treated with CRT plus BT, representing a potential biomarker in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Fleischmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Samuel Peña-Llopis
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julius Oppermann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens von der Grün
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenhardt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tselis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Gao X, Guo A, Diao Y, Zhao Y. RNF43 ubiquitinates and degrades phosphorylated E-cadherin by c-Src to facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:670. [PMID: 31286874 PMCID: PMC6613270 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In epithelial cells, tyrosine kinases induce tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the E-cadherin complex, which is responsible for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling were performed to detect the unique E3 ligase underlying E-cadherin downregulation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Gene knockdown was performed using viral shRNA. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and xenograft models in vivo were integratively applied to explore RNF43-induced EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Results Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling revealed that the RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) was linked to E-cadherin downregulation within the context of c-Src activation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. In addition, the c-Src-Caspase-8 interaction markedly increased c-Src activity. Activated c-Src phosphorylated E-cadherin at the tyrosine 797 site to initiate RNF43-mediated E-cadherin ubiquitination at lysine 816 and subsequent degradation, thus allowing the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and upregulation of Vimentin and RNF43 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Decreased E-cadherin expression and increased Vimentin expression induced the EMT phenotype and promoted tumor metastasis. The Frizzled 8 (Frz8)-RNF43-induced ubiquitination of phosphorylated E-cadherin was blocked by a monoclonal antibody against the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of Frz8 but not by antibodies against the protease domain (PA) of RNF43. Conclusions Our data suggest that RNF43 participates in the regulation of EMT in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through the ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated E-cadherin by activated c-Src. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5880-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Second Thoracic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Liangzhang Sun
- Thoracic Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Aining Guo
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Yan Diao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004.
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Fujisawa Y, Kosakamoto H, Chihara T, Miura M. Non-apoptotic function of Drosophila caspase activation in epithelial thorax closure and wound healing. Development 2019; 146:146/4/dev169037. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.169037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Non-apoptotic caspase activation involves multiple cellular events. However, the link between visible non-apoptotic caspase activation and its function in living organisms has not yet been revealed. Here, we visualized sub-lethal activation of apoptotic signaling with the combination of a sensitive indicator for caspase 3 activation and in vivo live-imaging analysis of Drosophila. During thorax closure in pupal development, caspase 3 activation was specifically observed at the leading edge cells, with no signs of apoptosis. Inhibition of caspase activation led to an increase in thorax closing speed, which suggests a role of non-apoptotic caspase activity in cell motility. Importantly, sub-lethal activation of caspase 3 was also observed during wound closure at the fusion sites at which thorax closure had previously taken place. Further genetic analysis revealed that the activation of the initiator caspase Dronc is coupled with the generation of reactive oxygen species. The activation of Dronc also regulates myosin levels and delays wound healing. Our findings suggest a possible function for non-apoptotic caspase activation in the fine-tuning of cell migratory behavior during epithelial closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujisawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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40
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Tzelepi K, Espinosa Garcia C, Williams P, Golding J. Galactose:PEGamine coated gold nanoparticles adhere to filopodia and cause extrinsic apoptosis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:807-816. [PMID: 36132240 PMCID: PMC9473179 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-small gold nanoparticles, surface functionalised with a 50 : 50 ratio of a thiolated α-galactose derivative and a thiolated hexaethylene glycol amine, are toxic to HSC-3 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Differences in nanoparticle toxicity were found to be related to the synthesis duration, with 1 h reaction nanoparticles being less toxic than 5 h reaction nanoparticles. The ligand density decreased with longer reaction time, although the size, charge and ligand ratio remained similar. The concentration of sodium borohydride in the reaction decreased logarithmically over 5 h but remained within a concentration range sufficient to desorb weakly bound ligands, possibly explaining the observed gradual decrease in ligand density. Nanoparticle toxicity was abrogated by inhibition of either caspase 3/7 or caspase 8, but not by inhibition of caspase 9, consistent with extrinsic apoptosis. Electron microscopic analysis of cellular uptake demonstrated predominantly cytoplasmic localization. However, when energy-dependent transport was inhibited, by lowering the temperature to 4 °C, a remarkable adhesion of nanoparticles to filopodia was observed. Inhibition of filopodial assembly with a fascin inhibitor prevented nanoparticle adhesion to HSC-3 cells at 4 °C, while fascin inhibition at 37 °C resulted in less cytoplasmic uptake. More adhesion to HSC-3 filopodia was seen with the higher toxicity 5 h reaction time nanoparticles than with the 1 h nanoparticles. By including two further cell types (HaCaT keratinocytes and hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells), a pattern of increasing toxicity with filopodial binding of 5 h reaction nanoparticles became apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Tzelepi
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK +44 (0)1908 653748
| | | | - Phil Williams
- Midatech Pharma 65 Innovation Drive, Milton Park Abingdon OX14 4RQ UK
| | - Jon Golding
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK +44 (0)1908 653748
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Caspase-8: A Novel Target to Overcome Resistance to Chemotherapy in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123798. [PMID: 30501030 PMCID: PMC6320982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 was originally identified as a central player of programmed cell death triggered by death receptor stimulation. In that context, its activity is tightly regulated through several mechanisms, with the best established being the expression of FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) family proteins and the Src-dependent phosphorylation of Caspase-8 on Tyr380. Loss of apoptotic signaling is a hallmark of cancer and indeed Caspase-8 expression is often lost in tumors. This event may account not only for cancer progression but also for cancer resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Intriguingly, other tumors, such as glioblastoma, preferentially retain Caspase-8 expression, and high levels of Caspase-8 expression may correlate with a worse prognosis, suggesting that in this context this protease loses its apoptotic activity and gains additional functions. Using different cellular systems, it has been clearly shown that in cancer Caspase-8 can exhibit non-canonical functions, including promotion of cell adhesion, migration, and DNA repair. Intriguingly, in glioblastoma models, Caspase-8 can promote NF-κB-dependent expression of several cytokines, angiogenesis, and in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis. Overall, these observations suggest that some cancer cells may hijack Caspase-8 function which in turn promote cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Here we aim to highlight the multiple functions of Caspase-8 and to discuss whether the molecular mechanisms that modulate the balance between those functions may be targeted to dismantle the aberrant activity of Caspase-8 and to restore its canonical apoptotic functionality.
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González R, Molina-Ruiz FJ, Bárcena JA, Padilla CA, Muntané J. Regulation of Cell Survival, Apoptosis, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Nitric Oxide-Dependent Post-Translational Modifications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1312-1332. [PMID: 28795583 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO) is a physiopathological messenger generating different reactive nitrogen species (RNS) according to hypoxic, acidic and redox conditions. Recent Advances: RNS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote relevant post-translational modifications, such as nitrosation, nitration, and oxidation, in critical components of cell proliferation and death, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. CRITICAL ISSUES The pro- or antitumoral properties of NO are dependent on local concentration, redox state, cellular status, duration of exposure, and compartmentalization of NO generation. The increased expression of NO synthase has been associated with cancer progression. However, the experimental strategies leading to high intratumoral NO generation have been shown to exert antitumoral properties. The effect of NO and ROS on cell signaling is critically altered by factors modulating tumor progression such as oxygen content, metabolism, and inflammatory response. The review describes the alteration of key components involved in cell survival and death, metabolism, and metastasis induced by RNS- and ROS-related post-translational modifications. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of the molecular targets affected by nitrosation, nitration, and oxidation, as well as their interactions with other post-translational modifications, will improve the understanding on the complex signaling and cell fate decision in cancer. The therapeutic NO-based strategies have to address the complex crosstalk among NO and ROS with regard to critical components affecting tumor cell survival, metabolism, and metastasis in the progression of cancer, as well as close interaction with ionizing radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Molina-Ruiz
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain
| | - J Antonio Bárcena
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Alicia Padilla
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- 3 Department of General Surgery, "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,4 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
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Chen J, Wu Y, Zhang L, Fang X, Hu X. Evidence for calpains in cancer metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8233-8240. [PMID: 30370545 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination represents the final stage of tumor progression as well as the principal cause of cancer-associated deaths. Calpains are a conserved family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteinases with ubiquitous or tissue-specific expression. Accumulating evidence indicates a central role for calpains in tumor migration and invasion via participating in several key processes, including focal adhesion dynamics, cytoskeletal remodeling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and apoptosis. Activated after the increased intracellular calcium concentration ( [ Ca 2 + ] i ) induced by membrane channels and extracellular or intracellular stimuli, calpains induce the limited cleavage or functional modulation of various substrates that serve as metastatic mediators. This review covers established literature to summarize the mechanisms and underlying signaling pathways of calpains in cancer metastasis, making calpains attractive targets for aggressive tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao R, Kaakati R, Lee AK, Liu X, Li F, Li CY. Novel roles of apoptotic caspases in tumor repopulation, epigenetic reprogramming, carcinogenesis, and beyond. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:227-236. [PMID: 29858742 PMCID: PMC6204284 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic caspases have long been studied for their roles in programmed cell death and tumor suppression. With recent discoveries, however, it is becoming apparent these cell death executioners are involved in additional biological pathways beyond killing cells. In some cases, apoptotic cells secrete growth signals to stimulate proliferation of neighboring cells. This pathway functions to regenerate tissues in multiple organisms, but it also poses problems in tumor resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Additionally, it was found that activation of caspases does not irreversibly lead to cell death, contrary to the established paradigm. Sub-lethal activation of caspases is evident in cell differentiation and epigenetic reprogramming. Furthermore, evidence indicates spontaneous, unprovoked activation of caspases in many cancer cells, which plays pivotal roles in maintaining their tumorigenicity and metastasis. These unexpected findings challenge current cancer therapy approaches aimed at activation of the apoptotic pathway. At the same time, the newly discovered functions of caspases suggest new treatment approaches for cancer and other pathological conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Zhao
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew K Lee
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3135, Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xinjian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3135, Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3135, Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Chuan-Yuan Li
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3135, Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3135, Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Asadi M, Shanehbandi D, Asvadi Kermani T, Sanaat Z, Zafari V, Hashemzadeh S. Expression Level of Caspase Genes in Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1277-1280. [PMID: 29801534 PMCID: PMC6031845 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caspases proteins are protease enzymes involved in the initiation and execution of apoptosis process. Regulation of apoptosis process plays an important role in the normal biological events and development. In addition to developmental abnormalities, dysregulated apoptosis system may lead to tumorigenesis, autoimmunity, and other serious health problems. Aberrant regulation of apoptosis may also be the paramount cause of chemoresistance during cancer therapy. It is aimed through this study to evaluate the transcript levels of Caspase 3, 8, and 9 in tumoral tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and compare it with normal marginal tissues. Methods: Fifty tumor tissues and their matched marginal tissues, as control group, were obtained from CRC patients. Total mRNA of all tissue samples was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Using SYBR Green PCR master mix and Real-time gene expression technique, the transcript level of target genes was quantified. Results: Experiments indicated that mRNA expressions of caspase 9 and 3 were downregulated in tumoral tissues from CRC patients in comparison to marginal tissues. In contrast, tumoral tissues expressed mRNA of caspase 8 higher than normal marginal tissues. Modified transcript levels of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were correlated with the clinical manifestations of the patients. Conclusions: Alteration in the mRNA level of caspase genes may be involved in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Xu DC, Arthurton L, Baena-Lopez LA. Learning on the Fly: The Interplay between Caspases and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5473180. [PMID: 29854765 PMCID: PMC5949197 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5473180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ease of genetic manipulation, as well as the evolutionary conservation of gene function, has placed Drosophila melanogaster as one of the leading model organisms used to understand the implication of many proteins with disease development, including caspases and their relation to cancer. The family of proteases referred to as caspases have been studied over the years as the major regulators of apoptosis: the most common cellular mechanism involved in eliminating unwanted or defective cells, such as cancerous cells. Indeed, the evasion of the apoptotic programme resulting from caspase downregulation is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent investigations have also shown an instrumental role for caspases in non-lethal biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and cell migration. Importantly, malfunction of these essential biological tasks can deeply impact the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding caspase biology and its interplay with many aspects of cancer, emphasising some of the key findings obtained from Drosophila studies. We also briefly describe the therapeutic potential of caspase modulation in relation to cancer, highlighting shortcomings and hopeful promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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Kumar M, Irungbam K, Kataria M. Depletion of membrane cholesterol compromised caspase-8 imparts in autophagy induction and inhibition of cell migration in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29467593 PMCID: PMC5819249 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol in lipid raft plays crucial role on cancer cell survival during metastasis of cancer cells. Cancer cells are reported to enrich cholesterol in lipid raft which make them more susceptible to cell death after cholesterol depletion than normal cells. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), an amphipathic polysaccharide known to deplete the membrane cholesterol, induces cell death selectively in cancer cells. Present work was designed to identify the major form of programmed cell death in membrane cholesterol depleted cancer cells (MDA-MB 231 and 4T1) and its impact on migration efficiency of cancer cells. Methods Membrane cholesterol alteration and morphological changes in 4T1 and MDA-MB 231 cancer cells by MβCD were measured by fluorescent microscopy. Cell death and cell proliferation were observed by PI, AO/EB and MTT assay respectively. Programme cell death was confirmed by flow cytometer. Caspase activation was assessed by MTT and PI after treatments with Z-VAD [OME]-FMK, mitomycin c and cycloheximide. Necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis and paraptosis were examined by cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry. Relative quantitation of mRNA of caspase-8, necroptosis and autophagy genes were performed. Migration efficiency of cancer cells were determined by wound healing assay. Results We found caspase independent cell death in cholesterol depleted MDA-MB 231 cells which was reduced by (3-MA) an autophagy inhibitor. Membrane cholesterol depletion neither induces necroptosis, paraptosis nor pyroptosis in MDA-MB 231 cells. Subsequent activation of caspase-8 after co-incubation of mitomycin c and cycloheximide separately, restored the cell viability in cholesterol depleted MDA-MB 231 cells. Down regulation of caspase-8 mRNA in cholesterol depleted cancer cells ensures that caspase-8 indirectly promotes the induction of autophagy. In another experiment we have demonstrated that membrane cholesterol depletion reduces the migration efficiency in cancer cells. Conclusion Together our experimental data suggests that membrane cholesterol is the crucial for the recruitment and activation of caspase-8 as well as its non-apoptotic functions in cancer cells. Enriched cholesterol in lipid raft of cancer cells may be regulating the cross talk between caspase-8 and autophagy machineries to promote their survival and migration. Therefore it can be explored to understand and address the issues of chemotherapeutic and drugs resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Meena Kataria
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Caspase-8 function, and phosphorylation, in cell migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 82:105-117. [PMID: 29410361 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 is involved in a number of cellular functions, with the most well established being the control of cell death. Yet caspase-8 is unique among the caspases in that it acts as an environmental sensor, transducing a range of signals to cells, modulating responses that extend far beyond simple survival. Ranging from the control of apoptosis and necroptosis and gene regulation to cell adhesion and migration, caspase-8 uses proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions to alter cell behavior. Novel interacting partners provide mechanisms for caspase-8 to position itself at signaling nodes that affect a variety of signaling pathways. Here, we examine the catalytic and noncatalytic modes of action by which caspase-8 influences cell adhesion and migration. The mechanisms vary from post-cleavage remodeling of the cytoskeleton to signaling elements that control focal adhesion turnover. This is facilitated by caspase-8 interaction with a host of cell proteins ranging from the proteases caspase-3 and calpain-2 to adaptor proteins such as p85 and Crk, to the Src family of tyrosine kinases.
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Polo-like kinase 3 and phosphoT273 caspase-8 are associated with improved local tumor control and survival in patients with anal carcinoma treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53339-53349. [PMID: 27462786 PMCID: PMC5288191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that caspase-8 is a new substrate of Polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) that phosphorylates the protein on residue T273 thereby promoting its pro-apoptotic function. In the present study we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of Plk3 expression and phosphorylation of caspase-8 at T273 in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) treated with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Immunohistochemical detection of the markers was performed in pretreatment biopsy specimens of 95 patients and was correlated with clinical/histopathologic characteristics including HPV-16 virus load/p16INK4a expression and cumulative incidence of local and distant failure, cancer specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). We observed significant positive correlations between Plk3 expression, pT273 caspase-8 signal, and levels of HPV-16 virus DNA load/p16INK4a detection. Patients with high scores of Plk3 and pT273 caspase-8 showed increased local control (p = 0.011; p = 0.001), increased CSS (p = 0.011; p = 0.013) and OS (p = 0.024; p = 0.001), while the levels of pT273 caspase-8 were significantly associated (p = 0.033) with distant metastases. In multivariate analyses Plk3 expression remained significant for local failure (p = 0.018), CSS (p = 0.016) and OS (p = 0.023). Moreover, a combined HPV16 DNA load and Plk3 or pT273 caspase-8 variable revealed a significant correlation to decreased local failure (p = 0.001; p = 0.009), increased CSS (p = 0.016; p = 0.023) and OS (p = 0.003; p = 0.003). In conclusion these data indicate that elevated levels of Plk3 and pT273 caspase-8 are correlated with favorable clinical outcome in patients with anal SCC treated with concomitant CRT.
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Dagbay KB, Hill ME, Barrett E, Hardy JA. Tumor-Associated Mutations in Caspase-6 Negatively Impact Catalytic Efficiency. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4568-4577. [PMID: 28726391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Unregulated, particularly suppressed programmed cell death is one of the distinguishing features of many cancer cells. The cysteine protease caspase-6, one of the executioners of apoptotic cell death, plays a crucial role in regulation of apoptosis. Several somatic mutations in the CASP6 gene in tumor tissues have been reported. This work explores the effect of CASP6 tumor-associated mutations on the catalytic efficiency and structure of caspase-6. In general, these mutations showed decreased overall rates of catalytic turnover. Mutations within 8 Å of the substrate-binding pocket of caspase-6 were found to be the most catalytically deactivating. Notably, the R259H substitution decreased activity by 457-fold. This substitution disrupts the cation-π stacking interaction between Arg-259 and Trp-227, which is indispensable for proper assembly of the substrate-binding loops in caspase-6. Sequence conservation analysis at the homologous position across the caspase family suggests a role for this cation-π stacking in the catalytic function of caspases generally. These data suggest that caspase-6 deactivating mutations may contribute to multifactorial carcinogenic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Dagbay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Maureen E Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Elizabeth Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jeanne A Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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