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Yan W, Rao D, Fan F, Liang H, Zhang Z, Dong H. Hepatitis B virus X protein and TGF-β: partners in the carcinogenic journey of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1407434. [PMID: 38962270 PMCID: PMC11220127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1407434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection is substantially associated with the development of liver cancer globally, with the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases exceeding 50%. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encodes the Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein, a pleiotropic regulatory protein necessary for the transcription of the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) microchromosome. In previous studies, HBV-associated HCC was revealed to be affected by HBx in multiple signaling pathways, resulting in genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has dichotomous potentials at various phases of malignancy as it is a crucial signaling pathway that regulates multiple cellular and physiological processes. In early HCC, TGF-β has a significant antitumor effect, whereas in advanced HCC, it promotes malignant progression. TGF-β interacts with the HBx protein in HCC, regulating the pathogenesis of HCC. This review summarizes the respective and combined functions of HBx and TGB-β in HCC occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dean Rao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feimu Fan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission (NHC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hanhua Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Vanhoutte D, Schips TG, Minerath RA, Huo J, Kavuri NSS, Prasad V, Lin SC, Bround MJ, Sargent MA, Adams CM, Molkentin JD. Thbs1 regulates skeletal muscle mass in a TGFβ-Smad2/3-ATF4-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114149. [PMID: 38678560 PMCID: PMC11217783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass is a feature of chronic illness and aging. Here, we report that skeletal muscle-specific thrombospondin-1 transgenic mice (Thbs1 Tg) have profound muscle atrophy with age-dependent decreases in exercise capacity and premature lethality. Mechanistically, Thbs1 activates transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-Smad2/3 signaling, which also induces activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression that together modulates the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to facilitate muscle atrophy. Indeed, myofiber-specific inhibition of TGFβ-receptor signaling represses the induction of ATF4, normalizes ALP and UPS, and partially restores muscle mass in Thbs1 Tg mice. Similarly, myofiber-specific deletion of Smad2 and Smad3 or the Atf4 gene antagonizes Thbs1-induced muscle atrophy. More importantly, Thbs1-/- mice show significantly reduced levels of denervation- and caloric restriction-mediated muscle atrophy, along with blunted TGFβ-Smad3-ATF4 signaling. Thus, Thbs1-mediated TGFβ-Smad3-ATF4 signaling in skeletal muscle regulates tissue rarefaction, suggesting a target for atrophy-based muscle diseases and sarcopenia with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vanhoutte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tobias G Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rachel A Minerath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Naga Swathi Sree Kavuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Sun H, Chang Z, Li H, Tang Y, Liu Y, Qiao L, Feng G, Huang R, Han D, Yin DT. Multi-omics analysis-based macrophage differentiation-associated papillary thyroid cancer patient classifier. Transl Oncol 2024; 43:101889. [PMID: 38382228 PMCID: PMC10900934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reclassification of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is an area of research that warrants attention. The connection between thyroid cancer, inflammation, and immune responses necessitates considering the mechanisms of differential prognosis of thyroid tumors from an immunological perspective. Given the high adaptability of macrophages to environmental stimuli, focusing on the differentiation characteristics of macrophages might offer a novel approach to address the issues related to PTC subtyping. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing data of medullary cells infiltrated by papillary thyroid carcinoma obtained from public databases was subjected to dimensionality reduction clustering analysis. The RunUMAP and FindAllMarkers functions were utilized to identify the gene expression matrix of different clusters. Cell differentiation trajectory analysis was conducted using the Monocle R package. A complex regulatory network for the classification of Immune status and Macrophage differentiation-associated Papillary Thyroid Cancer Classification (IMPTCC) was constructed through quantitative multi-omics analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was utilized for pathological histology validation. RESULTS Through the integration of single-cell RNA and bulk sequencing data combined with multi-omics analysis, we identified crucial transcription factors, immune cells/immune functions, and signaling pathways. Based on this, regulatory networks for three IMPTCC clusters were established. CONCLUSION Based on the co-expression network analysis results, we identified three subtypes of IMPTCC: Immune-Suppressive Macrophage differentiation-associated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Classification (ISMPTCC), Immune-Neutral Macrophage differentiation-associated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Classification (INMPTCC), and Immune-Activated Macrophage differentiation-associated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Classification (IAMPTCC). Each subtype exhibits distinct metabolic, immune, and regulatory characteristics corresponding to different states of macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Yifeng Tang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Lixue Qiao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Guicheng Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Dongyan Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - De-Tao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China; Key Medicine Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
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Mathur A, Ritu, Chandra P, Das A. Autophagy: a necessary evil in cancer and inflammation. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38390576 PMCID: PMC10879063 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly regulated cellular process, assumes a dual role in the context of cancer. On the one hand, it functions as a crucial homeostatic pathway, responsible for degrading malfunctioning molecules and organelles, thereby maintaining cellular health. On the other hand, its involvement in cancer development and regression is multifaceted, contingent upon a myriad of factors. This review meticulously examines the intricacies of autophagy, from its molecular machinery orchestrated by Autophagy-Related Genes (ATG) initially discovered in yeast to the various modes of autophagy operative within cells. Beyond its foundational role in cellular maintenance, autophagy reveals context-specific functions in processes like angiogenesis and inflammation. Our analysis delves into how autophagy-related factors directly impact inflammation, underscoring their profound implications for cancer dynamics. Additionally, we extend our inquiry to explore autophagy's associations with cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases, illuminating the broader medical relevance of this process. Furthermore, this review elucidates how autophagy contributes to sustaining hallmark cancer features, including stem cell maintenance, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming. Autophagy emerges as a pivotal process that necessitates careful consideration in cancer treatment strategies. To this end, we investigate innovative approaches, ranging from enzyme-based therapies to MTOR inhibitors, lysosomal blockers, and nanoparticle-enabled interventions, all aimed at optimizing cancer treatment outcomes by targeting autophagy pathways. In summary, this comprehensive review provides a nuanced perspective on the intricate and context-dependent role of autophagy in cancer biology. Our exploration not only deepens our understanding of this fundamental process but also highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. By unraveling the complex interplay between autophagy and cancer, we pave the way for more precise and effective cancer treatments, promising better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mathur
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Ritu
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
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5
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Kuczyńska M, Moskot M, Gabig-Cimińska M. Insights into Autophagic Machinery and Lysosomal Function in Cells Involved in the Psoriatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Cascade. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0005. [PMID: 38409665 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Impaired autophagy, due to the dysfunction of lysosomal organelles, contributes to maladaptive responses by pathways central to the immune system. Deciphering the immune-inflammatory ecosystem is essential, but remains a major challenge in terms of understanding the mechanisms responsible for autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates a role that is played by a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and an immune niche in psoriasis (Ps), one of the most common chronic skin diseases, characterized by the co-existence of autoimmune and autoinflammatory responses. The dysregulated autophagy associated with the defective lysosomal system is only one aspect of Ps pathogenesis. It probably cannot fully explain the pathomechanism involved in Ps, but it is likely important and should be seriously considered in Ps research. This review provides a recent update on discoveries in the field. Also, it sheds light on how the dysregulation of intracellular pathways, coming from modulated autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking, characteristic of key players of the disease, i.e., skin-resident cells, as well as circulating immune cells, may be responsible for immune impairment and the development of Ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Kuczyńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Moskot
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Pan Y, Suzuki T, Sakai K, Hirano Y, Ikeda H, Hattori A, Dohmae N, Nishio K, Kakeya H. Bisabosqual A: A novel asparagine synthetase inhibitor suppressing the proliferation and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176156. [PMID: 38059445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) is a crucial enzyme for the de novo biosynthesis of endogenous asparagine (Asn), and ASNS shows the positive relationship with the growth of several solid tumors. Most of ASNS inhibitors are analogs of transition-state in ASNS reaction, but their low cell permeability hinders their anticancer activity. Therefore, novel ASNS inhibitors with a new pharmacophore urgently need to be developed. In this study, we established and applied a system for in vitro screening of ASNS inhibitors, and found a promising unique bisabolane-type meroterpenoid molecule, bisabosqual A (Bis A), able to covalently modify K556 site of ASNS protein. Bis A targeted ASNS to suppress cell proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and exhibited a synergistic effect with L-asparaginase (L-ASNase). Mechanistically, Bis A promoted oxidative stress and apoptosis, while inhibiting autophagy, cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), impeding cancer cell development. Moreover, Bis A induced negative feedback pathways containing the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4, PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 and RAF-MEK-ERK axes, but combination treatment of Bis A and rapamycin/torin-1 overcame the potential drug resistance triggered by mTOR pathways. Our study demonstrates that ASNS inhibition is promising for cancer chemotherapy, and Bis A is a potential lead ASNS inhibitor for anticancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Pan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hirano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Hattori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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7
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Lu C, Sun Q, Guo Y, Han X, Zhang M, Liu J, Wang Y, Mou Y, Li Y, Song X. Construction and validation of a prognostic nine-gene signature associated with radiosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 43:100686. [PMID: 37854672 PMCID: PMC10579965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however how to predict the prognosis is not clear. Methods Here we collected 262 radiosensitivity-associated genes, screened and constructed a prognostic nine-gene risk model through univariate COX, lasso regression, stepwise regression and multivariate COX analysis for transcriptome and clinical information of HNSCC patients obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. Results The reliability and robustness of the risk model were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, risk maps, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves analysis. Differences in immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathway enrichment between high-risk and low-risk subgroups were determined by multiple immune infiltration analyses. Meanwhile, the mutation map and the responses to immunotherapy were also differentiated by the prognostic nine-gene signature associated with radiosensitivity. These nine genes expression in HNSCC was verified in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. After that, these nine genes expression was verified to be related to radiation resistance through in-vitro cell experiments. Conclusions All results showed that the nine-gene signature associated with radiosensitivity is a potential prognostic indicator for HNSCC patients after radiotherapy and provides potential gene targets for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxian Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Yakui Mou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
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Liu X, Zhang G, Yu T, Liu J, Chai X, Yin D, Zhang C. CL4-modified exosomes deliver lncRNA DARS-AS1 siRNA to suppress triple-negative breast cancer progression and attenuate doxorubicin resistance by inhibiting autophagy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126147. [PMID: 37544559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a fatal disease. Drug resistance and the lack of effective drugs are the leading causes of death in patients with TNBC. Recently, long non-coding RNAs have been proven to be effective drug design targets owing to their high tissue specificity; however, an effective drug delivery system is necessary for their clinical application. In this study, we constructed a novel nanodrug delivery system based on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted aptamer CL4-modified exosomes (EXOs-CL4) for the targeted delivery of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase-antisense RNA 1 (DARS-AS1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and doxorubicin (DOX) to TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. This delivery system exerted potent anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and pro-apoptotic effects on TNBC cells. Silencing DARS-AS1 increased the sensitivity of TNBC cells to DOX by suppressing the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling pathway-induced autophagy, thereby enhancing the synergetic antitumor effects. Collectively, our findings revealed that EXOs-CL4-mediated delivery of DARS-AS1 siRNA can be used as a new treatment strategy for DOX-resistant TNBC. Moreover, EXOs-CL4 can be used as effective drug delivery systems for targeted TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Tongyao Yu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Chai
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Dachuan Yin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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9
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Assi M, Kimmelman AC. Impact of context-dependent autophagy states on tumor progression. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:596-607. [PMID: 37069394 PMCID: PMC10542907 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a cellular quality-control process that degrades proteins, protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Autophagy plays a fundamental role in cancer where, in the presence of stressors (for example, nutrient starvation, hypoxia, mechanical pressure), tumor cells activate it to degrade intracellular substrates and provide energy. Cell-autonomous autophagy in tumor cells and cell-nonautonomous autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and in the host converge on mechanisms that modulate metabolic fitness, DNA integrity and immune escape and, consequently, support tumor growth. In this Review, we will discuss insights into the tumor-modulating roles of autophagy in different contexts and reflect on how future studies using physiological culture systems may help to understand the complexity and open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Assi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Mastana SS, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166666. [PMID: 36791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of β-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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11
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Despréaux P, Jeanton C, Desaulle D, Al Zallouha M, Verdin A, Momas I, Achard S. Innovative graph analysis method to assess gene expression modulation after fine particles exposures of 3D human airway epithelia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115296. [PMID: 36642119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental particles have dramatic consequences for health, especially for the most vulnerable people, such as asthmatics. To better understand the impact on gene expression modulation of fine particles (PM2.5-0.3) from different emission sources, a 3D-airway model, a human bronchial epithelium (MucilAir-HF™) reconstructed from primary cells from healthy (EpiH) or asthmatic (EpiA) donors, was used. Repeated air-liquid exposures were performed, and epithelia were sacrificed to extract RNAs and assess gene expression. Data were analyzed according to the emission sources, physiological status, and exposure doses using a recent model consisting in a graph analysis on pairwise expression ratio. The results were compared with those from the classical ΔΔCt method. The graph analysis method proved to have better statistical properties than the classical ΔΔCt method and demonstrated that repeated PM2.5-0.3 exposures induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of the metabolic gene (CYP1B1) and a down-regulation of the inflammation gene (CXCL10). These modulations were greater for "industrial" than for "urban traffic" fine particles, and the effects were found to be greater after exposure of EpiA than EpiH, thus emphasizing the importance of the epithelium's physiological status in sensitivity to particles. Our study is original in terms of the experimental conditions and the graphical statistical analysis model established. The results highlight the importance of particle chemistry on the modulation of cellular and molecular responses, which may vary according to the individual's vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philomène Despréaux
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Capucine Jeanton
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Dorota Desaulle
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, UR 7537 - BioSTM (Biostatistique, Traitement et Modélisation des données biologiques), Paris, France
| | - Margueritta Al Zallouha
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) UR4492, SFR Condorcet CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France
| | - Isabelle Momas
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Achard
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France.
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12
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Zhang Y, Li H, Lv L, Lu K, Li H, Zhang W, Cui T. Autophagy: Dual roles and perspective for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Biochimie 2023; 206:49-60. [PMID: 36244578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) raises concerns to people because of its high recurrence and metastasis rate, diagnosis challenges, and poor prognosis. Various studies have shown the association of altered autophagy with tumorigenesis, tumor-stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy in CRC. Autophagy is a highly conserved cytosolic catabolic process in eukaryotes that plays distinct roles in CRC occurrence and progression. In early tumorigenesis, autophagy may inhibit tumor growth through diverse mechanisms, whereas it exhibits a tumor promoting function in CRC progression. This different functions of autophagy in CRC occurrence and progression make developing therapies targeting autophagy complicated. In this review, we discuss the classification and process of autophagy as well as its dual roles in CRC, functions in the tumor microenvironment, cross-talk with apoptosis, and potential usefulness as a CRC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Huihui Li
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Cui
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Ahmadi-Dehlaghi F, Mohammadi P, Valipour E, Pournaghi P, Kiani S, Mansouri K. Autophagy: A challengeable paradox in cancer treatment. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36760166 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway conserved in all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. This process plays a quality-control role by destroying harmful cellular components under normal conditions, maintaining cell survival, and establishing cellular adaptation under stressful conditions. Hence, there are various studies indicating dysfunctional autophagy as a factor involved in the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancer. In addition, the importance of autophagy in the development of cancer has been highlighted by paradoxical roles, as a cytoprotective and cytotoxic mechanism. Despite extensive research in the field of cancer, there are many questions and challenges about the roles and effects suggested for autophagy in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the paradoxical roles of autophagy in different tumors and related cancer treatment options. METHODS In this study, to find articles, a search was made in PubMed and Google scholar databases with the keywords Autophagy, Autophagy in Cancer Management, and Drug Design. RESULTS According to the investigation, some studies suggest that several advanced cancers are dependent on autophagy for cell survival, so when cancer cells are exposed to therapy, autophagy is induced and suppresses the anti-cancer effects of therapeutic agents and also results in cell resistance. However, enhanced autophagy from using anti-cancer drugs causes autophagy-mediated cell death in several cancers. Because autophagy also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion further research is needed to determine the precise mechanism of this process in cancer treatment. CONCLUSION We concluded in this article, autophagy manipulation may either promote or hinder the growth and development of cancer according to the origin of the cancer cells, the type of cancer, and the behavior of the cancer cells exposed to treatment. Thus, before starting treatment it is necessary to determine the basal levels of autophagy in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ahmadi-Dehlaghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Valipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarah Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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14
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A Water-Soluble Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Suppresses the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3 β/ β-Catenin and TGF- β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:8456852. [PMID: 36925651 PMCID: PMC10014162 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8456852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with high morbidity, high mortality, and low cure rate. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely adopted in tissue engineering and drug delivery. 5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1, 2-dithiol-3-thione (ADT-OH) is one of commonly used H2S donors. In our previous study, HA-ADT was designed and synthesized via coupling of HA and ADT-OH. In this study, compared with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a fast H2S-releasing donor) and morpholin-4-ium (4-methoxyphenyl)-morpholin-4-ylsulfanylidenesulfido-λ5-phosphane (GYY4137, a slow H2S-releasing donor), HA-ADT showed stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of human HCC cells. HA-ADT promoted apoptosis by suppressing the expressions of phospho (p)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), p-β-catenin, and also inhibited autophagy via the downregulation of the protein levels of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in human HCC cells. Moreover, HA-ADT inhibited HCC xenograft tumor growth more effectively than both NaHS and GYY4137. Therefore, HA-ADT can suppress the growth of HCC cells by blocking the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. HA-ADT and its derivatives may be developed as promising antitumor drugs.
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15
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Functional roles of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in gynecologic cancers. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:48-65. [PMID: 36042115 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are reproductive disorders characterized by pelvic pain and infertility. The identification of new predictive markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of gynecologic cancers is urgently necessary. One of the recent successes in gynecologic cancers research is identifying the role of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. Recent experiments showed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) can be novel therapeutic approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers. LncRNA are transcribed RNA molecules that play pivotal roles in multiple biological processes by regulating the different steps of gene expression. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) is a well-known lncRNA that plays functional roles in gene expression, RNA processing, and epigenetic regulation. High expression of MALAT1 is closely related to numerous human diseases. It is generally believed that MALAT1 expression is associated with cancer cell growth, autophagy, invasion, and metastasis. MALAT1 by targeting multiple signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) could contribute to the pathogenesis of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we will summarize functional roles of MALAT1 in the most common gynecologic cancers, including endometrium, breast, ovary, and cervix.
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16
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Akkoc Y, Dalci K, Karakas HE, Erbil-Bilir S, Yalav O, Sakman G, Celik F, Arikan S, Zeybek U, Ergin M, Akkiz H, Dilege E, Dengjel J, Dogan-Ekici AI, Gozuacik D. Tumor-derived CTF1 (cardiotrophin 1) is a critical mediator of stroma-assisted and autophagy-dependent breast cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Autophagy 2023; 19:306-323. [PMID: 35722965 PMCID: PMC9809961 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2090693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular stress response mechanism. Autophagy induction in the tumor microenvironment (stroma) has been shown to support tumor metabolism. However, cancer cell-derived secreted factors that initiate communication with surrounding cells and stimulate autophagy in the tumor microenvironment are not fully documented. We identified CTF1/CT-1 (cardiotrophin 1) as an activator of autophagy in fibroblasts and breast cancer-derived carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We showed that CTF1 stimulated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, initiating transcriptional activation of key autophagy proteins. Additionally, following CTF1 treatment, AMPK and ULK1 activation was observed. We provided evidence that autophagy was important for CTF1-dependent ACTA2/α-SMA accumulation, stress fiber formation and fibroblast activation. Moreover, promotion of breast cancer cell migration and invasion by activated fibroblasts depended on CTF1 and autophagy. Analysis of the expression levels of CTF1 in patient-derived breast cancer samples led us to establish a correlation between CTF1 expression and autophagy in the tumor stroma. In line with our in vitro data on cancer migration and invasion, higher levels of CTF1 expression in breast tumors was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in patients. Therefore, CTF1 is an important mediator of tumor-stroma interactions, fibroblast activation and cancer metastasis, and autophagy plays a key role in all these cancer-related events.Abbreviations: ACTA2/α-SMA: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle CAFs: cancer- or carcinoma-associated fibroblasts CNT Ab.: control antibody CNTF: ciliary neurotrophic factor CTF1: cardiotrophin 1 CTF1 Neut. Ab.: CTF1-specific neutralizing antibody GFP-LC3 MEF: GFP-fused to MAP1LC3 protein transgenic MEF LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor IL6: interleukin 6 MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts MEF-WT: wild-type MEFs OSM: oncostatin M TGFB/TGFβ: transforming growth factor beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Akkoc
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Biotechnology, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Dalci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hacer Ezgi Karakas
- Department of Biotechnology, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Secil Erbil-Bilir
- Department of Biotechnology, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orcun Yalav
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gurhan Sakman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Faruk Celik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Soykan Arikan
- Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Health Samatya Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Zeybek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Ergin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Akkiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ece Dilege
- Koç University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A. Isin Dogan-Ekici
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Biotechnology, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey,CONTACT Devrim Gozuacik Koç University School of Medicine, Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey; School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Ma J, Ye W, Yang Y, Wu T, Wang Y, Li J, Pei R, He M, Zhang L, Zhou J. The interaction between autophagy and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by NICD/ULK1 is involved in the formation of diabetic cataracts. Mol Med 2022; 28:116. [PMID: 36104669 PMCID: PMC9476327 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness and a common ocular complication of diabetes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and altered autophagic activity occur during the development of diabetic cataracts. The disturbed interaction of autophagy with EMT in LECs stimulated by high glucose levels may participate in cataract formation.
Methods
A rat diabetic cataract model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) stimulated with a high glucose concentration were employed in the study. These models were treated with rapamycin (an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)), and N-(N-[3,5-difluorophenacetyl]-1-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT, an inhibitor of γ-secretase) alone or in combination. Lens opacity was observed and photographed under a slit-lamp microscope. Histological changes in paraffin sections of lenses were detected under a light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alterations of autophagosomes in LECs were counted and evaluated under a transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of proteins involved in the EMT, autophagy, and the signaling pathways in LECs were measured using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was determined by performing transwell and scratch wound assays. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed to verify protein-protein interactions. Proteins were overexpressed in transfected cells to confirm their roles in the signaling pathways of interest.
Results
In LECs, a high glucose concentration induces the EMT by activating Jagged1/Notch1/Notch intracellular domain (NICD)/Snail signaling and inhibits autophagy through the AKT/mTOR/unc 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, resulting in diabetic cataracts. Enhanced autophagic activity induced by rapamycin suppressed the EMT by inducing Notch1 degradation by SQSTM1/p62 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) in LECs, while inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway with DAPT not only prevented the EMT but also activated autophagy by decreasing the levels of NICD, which bound to ULK1, phosphorylated it, and then inhibited the initiation of autophagy.
Conclusions
We describe a new interaction of autophagy and the EMT involving NICD/ULK1 signaling, which mediates crosstalk between these two important events in the formation of diabetic cataracts. Activating autophagy and suppressing the EMT mutually promote each other, revealing a potential target and strategy for the prevention of diabetic cataracts.
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18
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Roles of TGF- β in cancer hallmarks and emerging onco-therapeutic design. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e42. [PMID: 36345661 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a double-edged sword in cancer treatment because of its pivotal yet complex and roles played during cancer initiation/development. Current anti-cancer strategies involving TGF-β largely view TGF-β as an onco-therapeutic target that not only substantially hinders its full utilisation for cancer control, but also considerably restricts innovations in this field. Thereby, how to take advantages of therapeutically favourable properties of TGF-β for cancer management represents an interesting and less investigated problem. Here, by categorising cancer hallmarks into four critical transition events and one enabling characteristic controlling cancer initiation and progression, and delineating TGF-β complexities according to these cancer traits, we identify the suppressive role of TGF-β in tumour initiation and early-stage progression and its promotive functionalities in cancer metastasis as well as other cancer hallmarks. We also propose the feasibility and possible scenarios of combining cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with onco-therapeutics utilising TGF-β for cancer control given the intrinsic properties of CAP against cancer hallmarks.
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19
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Trelford CB, Dagnino L, Di Guglielmo GM. Transforming growth factor-β in tumour development. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:991612. [PMID: 36267157 PMCID: PMC9577372 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.991612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a ubiquitous cytokine essential for embryonic development and postnatal tissue homeostasis. TGFβ signalling regulates several biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, immune function, and tissue repair following injury. Aberrant TGFβ signalling has been implicated in tumour progression and metastasis. Tumour cells, in conjunction with their microenvironment, may augment tumourigenesis using TGFβ to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, immune suppression, and autophagy. Therapies that target TGFβ synthesis, TGFβ-TGFβ receptor complexes or TGFβ receptor kinase activity have proven successful in tissue culture and in animal models, yet, due to limited understanding of TGFβ biology, the outcomes of clinical trials are poor. Here, we review TGFβ signalling pathways, the biology of TGFβ during tumourigenesis, and how protein quality control pathways contribute to the tumour-promoting outcomes of TGFβ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Trelford
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gianni M. Di Guglielmo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gianni M. Di Guglielmo,
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20
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Autophagy in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192996. [PMID: 36230955 PMCID: PMC9564118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a stress-induced process that eliminates damaged organelles and dysfunctional cargos in cytoplasm, including unfolded proteins. Autophagy is involved in constructing the immunosuppressive microenvironment during tumor initiation and progression. It appears to be one of the most common processes involved in cancer immunotherapy, playing bidirectional roles in immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that inducing or inhibiting autophagy contributes to immunotherapy efficacy. Hence, exploring autophagy targets and their modifiers to control autophagy in the tumor microenvironment is an emerging strategy to facilitate cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of autophagy in cancer immunotherapy, as well as the molecular targets of autophagy that could wake up the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, aiming to shed light on its immense potential as a therapeutic target to improve immunotherapy.
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21
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Lin P, Tong X, Xue F, Qianru C, Xinyu T, Zhe L, Zhikun B, Shu L. Polystyrene nanoplastics exacerbate lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial fibrosis and autophagy in mice via ROS/TGF-β1/Smad. Toxicology 2022; 480:153338. [PMID: 36167198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) contamination is a serious problem for human and animal health. Excessive exposure to PS NPs can affect the structure and function of the heart. And lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces myocardial damage, leading to myocardial fibrosis (MF). To investigate whether PS NPs exacerbate LPS-induced myocardial autophagy and fibrosis, we established in vivo and in vitro models of PS NPs/LPS exposure alone and in combination. We found that PS NPs/LPS exposure disrupts myocardial structure, significantly increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggers oxidative stress, promotes TGF-β1/Smad pathway activation, and leads to elevated levels of fibrotic proteins and collagen. Meanwhile, activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway induced autophagy onset, and combined exposure of PS NPs/LPS exacerbated MF and autophagy. H9C2 cells were used for in vitro experiments, and the experimental results showed that the addition of TGF-β receptor inhibitor LY2109761 to the exposed group not only inhibited the upregulation of fibrotic genes but also effectively reduced the expression of autophagic signals, indicating that combined exposure of PS NPs and LPS mediates and regulates cardiac autophagy through TGF-β1. The above results suggest that PS NPs exacerbate LPS-induced MF and autophagy in mice via ROS/TGF-β1/Smad. Our study provides some new evidence to clarify the potential mechanisms of PS NPs-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xu Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Fan Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chi Qianru
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tang Xinyu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Li Zhe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bai Zhikun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Li Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Hua L, Lin C, Yuan M, Xu W, Raj D. A, Venkidasamy B, Cespedes-Acuna CL, Nile SH, Yan G, Zheng H. Pien-Tze-Huang alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through the inhibition of HSC autophagy and the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937484. [PMID: 36188553 PMCID: PMC9523731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pien-Tze-Huang (PZH)—a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound—has been employed to treat various liver inflammation and tumors for over 10 decades. Interestingly, most of the pharmacological effects had been validated and explored toward liver ailment along with pro-inflammatory conditions and cancer at the cellular and molecular level to date. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of PZH on autophagy and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in rats with liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell line (HSC). Materials and methods: Male SD rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis were used as the animal model. Next, PZH treatment was given for 8 weeks. Afterward, the therapeutic effects of PZH were analyzed through a hepatic tissue structure by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Van Gieson (VG) staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), activity of ALT and AST by enzyme-associated immunosorbent assay as well. Subsequently, mRNA and protein expression were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, the cell vitality of PZH-treated HSC and the expression of key molecules prevailing to autophagy were studied in vitro. Meanwhile, SM16 (a novel small molecular inhibitor which inhibits TGFβ-induced Smad2 phosphorylation) was employed to confirm PZH’s effects on the proliferation and autophagy of HSC. Results: PZH pharmacologically exerted anti-hepatic fibrosis effects as demonstrated by protecting hepatocytes and improving hepatic function. The results revealed the reduced production of extracellular collagen by adjusting the balance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) in PZH-treated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Interestingly, PZH inhibited the activation of HSC by down-regulating TGF-β1 and phosphorylating Smad2. Furthermore, PZH down-regulated yeast Atg6 (Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) toward suppressing HSC autophagy, and PZH exhibited similar effects to that of SM16. Conclusion: To conclude, PZH alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis to reduce the production of extracellular collagen and inhibiting the activation of HSC. In addition, their pharmacological mechanisms related to autophagy and TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathways were revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liping Hua
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunfeng Lin
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingzhou Yuan
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Anand Raj D.
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carlos L. Cespedes-Acuna
- Plant Biochemistry and Phytochemical Ecology Lab, Basic Sciences Department University of Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shivraj Hariram Nile, ; Guohong Yan, ; Haiyin Zheng,
| | - Guohong Yan
- Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Shivraj Hariram Nile, ; Guohong Yan, ; Haiyin Zheng,
| | - Haiyin Zheng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Shivraj Hariram Nile, ; Guohong Yan, ; Haiyin Zheng,
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Extended-synaptotagmin 1 engages in unconventional protein secretion mediated via SEC22B + vesicle pathway in liver cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202730119. [PMID: 36044553 PMCID: PMC9457520 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202730119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion in cancer cells defines tumor survival and progression by orchestrating the microenvironment. Studies suggest the occurrence of active secretion of cytosolic proteins in liver cancer and their involvement in tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the identification of extended-synaptotagmin 1 (E-Syt1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound protein, as a key mediator for cytosolic protein secretion at the ER-plasma membrane (PM) contact sites. Cytosolic proteins interacted with E-Syt1 on the ER, and then localized spatially inside SEC22B+ vesicles of liver cancer cells. Consequently, SEC22B on the vesicle tethered to the PM via Q-SNAREs (SNAP23, SNX3, and SNX4) for their secretion. Furthermore, inhibiting the interaction of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), a liver cancer-specific secretory cytosolic protein, with E-Syt1 by a PKCδ antibody, decreased in both PKCδ secretion and tumorigenicity. Results reveal the role of ER-PM contact sites in cytosolic protein secretion and provide a basis for ER-targeting therapy for liver cancer.
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Trelford CB, Di Guglielmo GM. Autophagy regulates transforming growth factor β signaling and receptor trafficking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119284. [PMID: 35605790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) stimulates tumorigenesis by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. TGFβ signaling is regulated by the endocytosis of cell surface receptors and their subcellular trafficking into the endo-lysosomal system. Here we investigated how autophagy, a cellular quality control network that delivers material to lysosomes, regulates TGFβ signaling pathways that induce EMT and cell migration. We impaired autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells using chloroquine, spautin-1, ULK-101, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting autophagy-related gene (ATG)5 and ATG7 and observed that inhibiting autophagy results in a decrease in TGFβ1-dependent EMT transcription factor and cell marker expression, as well as attenuated stress fiber formation and cell migration. This correlated with decreased internalization of cell surface TGFβ receptors and their trafficking to early/late endosomal and lysosomal compartments. The effects of autophagy inhibition on TGFβ signaling were investigated by Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation and cellular localization using western blotting, subcellular fractionation, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We observed that inhibiting autophagy decreased the amount and timeframe of Smad2/Smad3 signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that inhibiting autophagy attenuates pro-tumorigenic TGFβ signaling by regulating receptor trafficking, resulting in impaired Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Trelford
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gianni M Di Guglielmo
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Design, synthesis and mechanism of action of novel 1,9-disubstituted β-carboline derivatives as antitumor agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lee HK, Ji HJ, Shin SK, Koo J, Kim TH, Kim CW, Seong YH, Park JE, Choi KC. Targeting transforming growth factor-β2 by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide accelerates T cell-mediated tumor rejection in a humanized mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2213-2226. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Stavropoulos A, Divolis G, Manioudaki M, Gavriil A, Kloukina I, Perrea DN, Sountoulidis A, Ford E, Doulou A, Apostolidou A, Katsantoni E, Ritvos O, Germanidis G, Xilouri M, Sideras P. Coordinated activation of TGF-β and BMP pathways promotes autophagy and limits liver injury after acetaminophen intoxication. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn4395. [PMID: 35763560 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, including TGF-βs, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been implicated in hepatic development, homeostasis, and pathophysiology. We explored the mechanisms by which hepatocytes decode and integrate injury-induced signaling from TGF-βs and activins (TGF-β/Activin) and BMPs. We mapped the spatiotemporal patterns of pathway activation during liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in dual reporter mice carrying a fluorescent reporter of TGF-β/Activin signaling and a fluorescent reporter of BMP signaling. APAP intoxication induced the expression of both reporters in a zone of cells near areas of tissue damage, which showed an increase in autophagy and demarcated the borders between healthy and injured tissues. Inhibition of TGF-β superfamily signaling by overexpressing the inhibitor Smad7 exacerbated acute liver histopathology but eventually accelerated tissue recovery. Transcriptomic analysis identified autophagy as a process stimulated by TGF-β1 and BMP4 in hepatocytes, with Trp53inp2, which encodes a rate-limiting factor for autophagy initiation, as the most highly induced autophagy-related gene. Collectively, these findings illustrate the functional interconnectivity of the TGF-β superfamily signaling system, implicate the coordinated activation of TGF-β/Activin and BMP pathways in balancing tissue reparatory and regenerative processes upon APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, and highlight opportunities and potential risks associated with targeting this signaling system for treating hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Stavropoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Divolis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Manioudaki
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariana Gavriil
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ismini Kloukina
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Sountoulidis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ethan Ford
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Doulou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Apostolidou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Katsantoni
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Xilouri
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalis Sideras
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Regulation of DAPK1 by Natural Products: An Important Target in Treatment of Stroke. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2142-2157. [PMID: 35674928 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a sudden neurological disorder that occurs due to impaired blood flow to an area of the brain. Stroke can be caused by the blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, called ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. Stroke is more common in men than women. Atrial fibrillation, hypertension, kidney disease, high cholesterol and lipids, genetic predisposition, inactivity, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, family history and smoking are factors that increase the risk of stroke. Restoring blood flow by repositioning blocked arteries using thrombolytic agents or endovascular therapy are the most effective treatments for stroke. However, restoring circulation after thrombolysis can cause fatal edema or intracranial hemorrhage, and worsen brain damage in a process known as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find and develop more effective treatments for stroke. In the past, the first choice of treatment was based on natural compounds. Natural compounds are able to reduce the symptoms and reduce various diseases including stroke that attract the attention of the pharmaceutical industry. Nowadays, as a result of the numerous studies carried out in the field of herbal medicine, many useful and valuable effects of plants have been identified. The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family is one of the vital families of serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of some biological functions in human cells. DAPK1 is the most studied kinase within the DAPKs family as it is involved in neuronal and recovery processes. Dysregulation of DAPK1 in the brain is involved in the developing neurological diseases such as stroke. Natural products can function in a variety of ways, including reducing cerebral edema, reducing brain endothelial cell death, and inhibiting TNFα and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) through regulating the DAPK1 signal against stroke. Due to the role of DAPK1 in neurological disorders, the aim of this article was to investigate the role of DAPK1 in stroke and its modulation by natural compounds.
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Chakravarti B, Rajput S, Raza S, Rajak S, Tewari A, Gupta P, Upadhyay A, Chattopadhyay N, Sinha RA. Lipoic acid blocks autophagic flux and impairs cellular bioenergetics in breast cancer and reduces stemness. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166455. [PMID: 35680107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jena BC, Das CK, Banerjee I, Bharadwaj D, Majumder R, Das S, Biswas A, Kundu M, Roy PK, Kundu CN, Mandal M. TGF-β1 induced autophagy in cancer associated fibroblasts during hypoxia contributes EMT and glycolysis via MCT4 upregulation. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113195. [PMID: 35561786 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF- β1) in the tumor microenvironment(TME) is the major cytokine that acts as a mediator of tumor-stroma crosstalk, which in fact has a dual role in either promoting or suppressing tumor development. The cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major cell types in the TME, and the interaction with most of the epithelial cancers is the prime reason for cancer survival. However, the molecular mechanisms, associated with the TGF- β1 induced tumor promotion through tumor-CAF crosstalk are not well understood. In the Reverse Warburg effect, CAFs feed the adjacent cancer cells by lactate produced during the aerobic glycolysis. We hypothesized that the monocarboxylate transporter, MCT4 which is implicated in lactate efflux from the CAFs, must be overexpressed in the CAFs. Contextually, to explore the role of TGF- β1 in the hypoxia-induced autophagy in CAFs, we treated CoCl2 and external TGF- β1 to the human dermal fibroblasts and L929 murine fibroblasts. We demonstrated that hypoxia accelerated the TGF- β1 signaling and subsequent transformation of normal fibroblasts to CAFs. Moreover, we elucidated that synergistic induction of autophagy by hypoxia and TGF- β1 upregulate the aerobic glycolysis and MCT4 expression in CAFs. Furthermore, we showed a positive correlation between glucose consumption and MCT4 expression in the CAFs. Autophagy was also found to be involved in the EMT in hypoxic CAFs. Collectively, these findings reveal the unappreciated role of autophagy in TME, which enhances the CAF transformation and that promotes tumor migration and metastasis via the reverse Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Deblina Bharadwaj
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranabir Majumder
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Angana Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Kundu
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
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Autophagy and EMT in cancer and metastasis: Who controls whom? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166431. [PMID: 35533903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis consists of hallmark events, including Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, initiation of inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and malfunctions in apoptosis. Autophagy is known to play a pivotal role in the metastatic process. Autophagy has pulled researchers towards it in recent times because of its dual role in the maintenance of cancer cells. Evidence states that cells undergoing EMT need autophagy in order to survive during migration and dissemination. Additionally, it orchestrates EMT markers in certain cancers. On the other side of the coin, autophagy plays an oncosuppressive role in impeding early metastasis. This review aims to project the interrelationship between autophagy and EMT. Targeting EMT via autophagy as a useful strategy is discussed in this review. Furthermore, for the first time, we have covered the possible reciprocating roles of EMT and autophagy and its consequences in cancer metastasis.
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Agas D, Gabai V, Sufianov AA, Shneider A, Giovanna Sabbieti M. P62/SQSTM1 enhances osteogenesis and attenuates inflammatory signals in bone marrow microenvironment. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 320:114009. [PMID: 35227727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs) became a major focus of research since the anti-inflammatory features and the osteogenic commitment of these cells can prevent the inflamm-aging and various form of osteopenia in humans and animals. We previously showed that p62/SQSTM1 plasmid can prompt release of anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines by MSC when injected in adult mice. Furthermore, it can enhance osteoblastogenesis at the expense of adipogenesis and ameliorate bone density and bone remodeling. On the other hand, absence of p62 partially exhausted MSC pool caused expansion of fat cells within bone marrow and pro-inflammatory mediator's accumulation. Given the critical function of p62 as molecular hub of MSC dynamics, here, using MSCs from p62 knockout adult mice, we investigated the effect of this protein on MSC survival and bone-forming molecule cascades. We found that the main osteogenic routes are impaired in absence of p62. In particular, lack of p62 can suppress Smads activation, and Osterix and CREBs expression, thus significantly modifying the schedule of MSCs differentiation. MSCs obtained from p62-/- mice have also demonstrate an amplified NFκB/ Smad1/5/8 colocalization along with NFκB activation in the nucleus, which precludes Smads binding to target promoters. Considering the "teamwork" of TGFβ, PTH and BMP2 on MSC homeostatic behavior, we consider that p62 exerts an essential role as a hub protein. Lastly, ex vivo pulsing p62-deficient MSCs, which then will be administered to a patient as a cell therapy, may be considered as a treatment for bone and bone marrow disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, (MC), Italy.
| | | | - Albert A Sufianov
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russian Federation; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Shneider
- CureLab Oncology Inc, Dedham, MA, USA; Ariel University, Department of Molecular Biology, Israel; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, (MC), Italy.
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Wang Y, Lu H, Wang Z, Li Y, Chen X. TGF-β1 Promotes Autophagy and Inhibits Apoptosis in Breast Cancer by Targeting TP63. Front Oncol 2022; 12:865067. [PMID: 35480110 PMCID: PMC9035888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.865067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is a prevalent female cancer, which has high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of BC has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that TGF-β1 plays an important role in regulating the balance between autophagy and apoptosis of tumor. We aim to clarify the specific mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer maintaining the tumor microenvironment.MethodsThe clinical characteristics of 850 BC patients were retrieved from the TCGA database. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) between tumor and normal tissues were obtained by the Wilcox test. Through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the prognostic risk model was constructed and verified by the ROC curve. We used MDC staining, colony formation assay, CCK-8, flow cytometric analysis to confirm the importance of TGF-β1 on the autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, western blot was performed to determine the relative expression of protein. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was utilized to identify the prognostic value of TP63.ResultsWe successfully constructed a prognostic risk model of breast cancer and screened out an autophagy-related prognostic gene -TP63. We predicted that TGF-β1 and TP63 have a binding site in the JASPAR database as expected. Additionally, TGF-β1 promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of TP63.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the molecular mechanism of TGF-β/TP63 signaling in regulating autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer and provided a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province College of Electron and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yueguo Li, ; Xiaoying Chen,
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yueguo Li, ; Xiaoying Chen,
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PM2.5 Exposure and Asthma Development: The Key Role of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3618806. [PMID: 35419163 PMCID: PMC9001082 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3618806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the endogenous antioxidant defense system, leading to cellular damage. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease. The presence of asthma tends to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the antioxidant system in the lungs is insufficient to mitigate it. Therefore, asthma can lead to an exacerbation of airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. PM2.5 exposure increases ROS levels. Meanwhile, the accumulation of ROS will further enhance the oxidative stress response, resulting in DNA, protein, lipid, and other cellular and molecular damage, leading to respiratory diseases. An in-depth study on the relationship between oxidative stress and PM2.5-related asthma is helpful to understand the pathogenesis and progression of the disease and provides a new direction for the treatment of the disease. This paper reviews the research progress of oxidative stress in PM2.5-induced asthma as well as highlights the therapeutic potentials of antioxidant approaches in treatment of asthma.
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Nanoprodrug ratiometrically integrating autophagy inhibitor and genotoxic agent for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The Bright and the Dark Side of TGF-β Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040940. [PMID: 35205692 PMCID: PMC8870127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is a preeminent regulator of diverse cellular and physiological processes. Frequent dysregulation of TGF-β signaling has been implicated in cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, the autocrine and paracrine effects of TGF-β have paradoxical implications. While acting as a potent tumor suppressor pathway in the early stages of malignancy, TGF-β diverts to a promoter of tumor progression in the late stages, reflecting its bright and dark natures, respectively. Within this context, targeting TGF-β represents a promising therapeutic option for HCC treatment. We discuss here the molecular properties of TGF-β signaling in HCC, attempting to provide an overview of its effects on tumor cells and the stroma. We also seek to evaluate the dysregulation mechanisms that mediate the functional switch of TGF-β from a tumor suppressor to a pro-tumorigenic signal. Finally, we reconcile its biphasic nature with the therapeutic implications. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with genetic and nongenetic aberrations that impact multiple genes and pathways, including the frequently dysregulated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. The regulatory cytokine TGF-β and its signaling effectors govern a broad spectrum of spatiotemporally regulated molecular and cellular responses, yet paradoxically have dual and opposing roles in HCC progression. In the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β signaling enforces profound tumor-suppressive effects, primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, as the tumor advances in malignant progression, TGF-β functionally switches to a pro-tumorigenic signal, eliciting aggressive tumor traits, such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune evasion of cancer cells. On this account, the inhibition of TGF-β signaling is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC. In this review, we evaluate the functions and mechanisms of TGF-β signaling and relate its complex and pleiotropic biology to HCC pathophysiology, attempting to provide a detailed perspective on the molecular determinants underlying its functional diversion. We also address the therapeutic implications of the dichotomous nature of TGF-β signaling and highlight the rationale for targeting this pathway for HCC treatment, alone or in combination with other agents.
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Dai CJ, Cao YT, Huang F, Wang YG. Multiple roles of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 in tumorigenesis, stem cells, drug resistance, and cancer therapy. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:41-53. [PMID: 35126827 PMCID: PMC8788178 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway controls many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Abnormalities in the TGF-β signaling pathway and its components are closely related to the occurrence of many human diseases, including cancer. Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (Smad4), also known as deleted in pancreatic cancer locus 4, is a typical tumor suppressor candidate gene locating at q21.1 of human chromosome 18 and the common mediator of the TGF-β/Smad and bone morphogenetic protein/Smad signaling pathways. It is believed that Smad4 inactivation correlates with the development of tumors and stem cell fate decisions. Smad4 also interacts with cytokines, miRNAs, and other signaling pathways, jointly regulating cell behavior. However, the regulatory function of Smad4 in tumorigenesis, stem cells, and drug resistance is currently controversial. In addition, Smad4 represents an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. Elucidating the specific role of Smad4 is important for understanding the mechanism of tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. Here, we review the identification and characterization of Smad4, the canonical TGF-β/Smad pathway, as well as the multiple roles of Smad4 in tumorigenesis, stem cells, and drug resistance. Furthermore, we provide novel insights into the prospects of Smad4-targeted cancer therapy and the challenges that it will face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jing Dai
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Cao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
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Pavel M, Tanasa R, Park SJ, Rubinsztein DC. The complexity of biological control systems: An autophagy case study. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100224. [PMID: 35032045 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and YAP1-WWTR1/TAZ signalling are tightly linked in a complex control system of forward and feedback pathways which determine different cellular outcomes in differing cell types at different time-points after perturbations. Here we extend our previous experimental and modelling approaches to consider two possibilities. First, we have performed additional mathematical modelling to explore how the autophagy-YAP1 crosstalk may be controlled by posttranslational modifications of components of the pathways. Second, since analogous contrasting results have also been reported for autophagy as a regulator of other transduction pathways engaged in tumorigenesis (Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smads, NF-kB or XIAP/cIAPs), we have considered if such discrepancies may be explicable through situations involving competing pathways and feedback loops in different cell types, analogous to the autophagy-YAP/TAZ situation. Since distinct posttranslational modifications dominate those pathways in distinct cells, these need to be understood to enable appropriate cell type-specific therapeutic strategies for cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pavel
- Department of Immunology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Tanasa
- Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - So Jung Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Wardana T, Aida A, Zhafirah R, Hirawan H, Haris Budi Widodo A, Prihastuti C. Wound healing potential of forest honey for increasing TGF-β1 protein expression in palatoplasty: In-vivo and In-silico studies. SCIENTIFIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sdj.sdj_95_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ziegler DV, Huber K, Fajas L. The Intricate Interplay between Cell Cycle Regulators and Autophagy in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010153. [PMID: 35008317 PMCID: PMC8750274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic program regulated by multiple external and internal cues. A large amount of evidence unraveled that cell-cycle regulators are crucial in its control. This review highlights the interplay between cell-cycle regulators, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinases, and E2F factors, in the control of autophagy all along the cell cycle. Beyond the intimate link between cell cycle and autophagy, this review opens therapeutic perspectives in modulating together these two aspects to block cancer progression. Abstract In the past decade, cell cycle regulators have extended their canonical role in cell cycle progression to the regulation of various cellular processes, including cellular metabolism. The regulation of metabolism is intimately connected with the function of autophagy, a catabolic process that promotes the efficient recycling of endogenous components from both extrinsic stress, e.g., nutrient deprivation, and intrinsic sub-lethal damage. Mediating cellular homeostasis and cytoprotection, autophagy is found to be dysregulated in numerous pathophysiological contexts, such as cancer. As an adaptative advantage, the upregulation of autophagy allows tumor cells to integrate stress signals, escaping multiple cell death mechanisms. Nevertheless, the precise role of autophagy during tumor development and progression remains highly context-dependent. Recently, multiple articles has suggested the importance of various cell cycle regulators in the modulation of autophagic processes. Here, we review the current clues indicating that cell-cycle regulators, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and E2F transcription factors, are intrinsically linked to the regulation of autophagy. As an increasing number of studies highlight the importance of autophagy in cancer progression, we finally evoke new perspectives in therapeutic avenues that may include both cell cycle inhibitors and autophagy modulators to synergize antitumor efficacy.
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The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111651. [PMID: 34829881 PMCID: PMC8615641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a process of cellular self-digestion, delivers intracellular components including superfluous and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling and is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. In recent decades, autophagy has been found to help fight against a variety of human diseases, but, at the same time, autophagy can also promote the procession of certain pathologies, which makes the connection between autophagy and diseases complex but interesting. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the roles of autophagy in human diseases and the therapeutic methods targeting autophagy and discuss some of the remaining questions in this field, focusing on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Kurakazu I, Akasaki Y, Tsushima H, Sueishi T, Toya M, Kuwahara M, Uchida T, Lotz MK, Nakashima Y. TGFβ1 signaling protects chondrocytes against oxidative stress via FOXO1-autophagy axis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1600-1613. [PMID: 34419603 PMCID: PMC8789330 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor is a key regulator of autophagy. In chondrocytes, reduced FOXO1 expression with aging causes osteoarthritis due to dysfunction of autophagy, but the mechanisms underlying regulation of FOXO1 expression and the reduction in expression with aging remain unclear. We investigated the mechanism by which transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) signaling regulates the FOXO1-autophagy axis. METHODS Expression of FOXO1 was measured in chondrocytes after TGFβ1 treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed to estimate the levels of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) and FOXO1 in the knee joints of young, middle-aged and old mice. The effects of the ALK5 inhibitor and SMAD3 or SMAD2 knockdown on FOXO1 expression were evaluated. The role of TGFβ1 in autophagy after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment was analyzed. The protective effect of TGFβ1 against H2O2 treatment was assessed by cell viability assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS TGFβ1 promoted the expression of FOXO1 mRNA and protein. Both ALK5 and FOXO1 expression decreased with aging. ALK5 inhibition and SMAD3 knockdown suppressed induction of FOXO1 expression by TGFβ1, whereas SMAD2 knockdown increased it. TGFβ1 promoted the expression of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3)-I protein via the SMAD3-FOXO1 pathway. Furthermore, under H2O2 treatment, TGFβ1 promoted expression of LC3-II. TGFβ1 pretreatment suppressed cell death of chondrocytes following H2O2 treatment, but this protective effect was abolished by FOXO1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS TGFβ1 protects chondrocytes against oxidative stress via the FOXO1-autophagy axis, and a reduction in ALK5 expression might cause reduced FOXO1 expression with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kurakazu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Sueishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masanari Kuwahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taisuke Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Trelford CB, Di Guglielmo GM. Canonical and Non-canonical TGFβ Signaling Activate Autophagy in an ULK1-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:712124. [PMID: 34760883 PMCID: PMC8573198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.712124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism(s) in which transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ) modulates autophagy in cancer remain unclear. Here, we characterized the TGFβ signaling pathways that induce autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells, using cells lines stably expressing GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG constructs that measure autophagic flux. We demonstrated that TGFβ1 increases Unc 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) protein levels, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent ULK1 phosphorylation at serine (S) 555 and ULK1 complex formation but decreases mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity on ULK1. Further analysis revealed that the canonical Smad4 pathway and the non-canonical TGFβ activated kinase 1/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6/P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (TAK1-TRAF6-P38 MAPK) pathway are important for TGFβ1-induced autophagy. The TAK1-TRAF6-P38 MAPK pathway was essential for downregulating mTOR S2448 phosphorylation, ULK1 S555 phosphorylation and autophagosome formation. Furthermore, although siRNA-mediated Smad4 silencing did not alter mTOR-dependent ULK1 S757 phosphorylation, it did reduce AMPK-dependent ULK1 S555 phosphorylation and autophagosome formation. Additionally, Smad4 silencing and inhibiting the TAK1-TRAF6-P38 MAPK pathway decreased autophagosome-lysosome co-localization in the presence of TGFβ. Our results suggest that the Smad4 and TAK1-TRAF6-P38 MAPK signaling pathways are essential for TGFβ-induced autophagy and provide specific targets for the inhibition of TGFβ in tumor cells that utilize autophagy in their epithelial-mesenchymal transition program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianni M. Di Guglielmo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Jacquet M, Hervouet E, Baudu T, Herfs M, Parratte C, Feugeas JP, Perez V, Reynders C, Ancion M, Vigneron M, Baguet A, Guittaut M, Fraichard A, Despouy G. GABARAPL1 Inhibits EMT Signaling through SMAD-Tageted Negative Feedback. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100956. [PMID: 34681055 PMCID: PMC8533302 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in metastasis formation, chemoresistance, apoptosis resistance, and acquisition of stem cell properties, making this process an attractive target in cancer. However, direct targeting of EMT remains challenging. Autophagy—an intracellular mechanism—has been noted to be involved in the regulation of EMT—mainly by its involvement in the degradation of EMT actors, explaining why understanding of how autophagy could regulate EMT might be promising in the development of new cancer therapies. Here, we found that GABARAPL1—an autophagy-related gene—was increased in human NSCLC mesenchymal tumors compared to epithelial tumors, and induction of EMT in an A549 lung cancer cell line by TGF-β/TNF-α cytokines also led to an increase in GABARAPL1 expression. This regulation could involve the EMT-related transcription factors of the SMAD family. To understand the role of GABARAPL1 in EMT regulation in lung cancer cells, A549 KO GABARAPL1 were designed and used to investigate whether GABARAPL1 could inhibit EMT via its involvement in SMAD degradation. The results indicate that GABARAPL1-mediated autophagic degradation could intervene as a negative EMT-regulatory loop. Abstract The pathway of selective autophagy, leading to a targeted elimination of specific intracellular components, is mediated by the ATG8 proteins, and has been previously suggested to be involved in the regulation of the Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer’s etiology. However, the molecular factors and steps of selective autophagy occurring during EMT remain unclear. We therefore analyzed a cohort of lung adenocarcinoma tumors using transcriptome analysis and immunohistochemistry, and found that the expression of ATG8 genes is correlated with that of EMT-related genes, and that GABARAPL1 protein levels are increased in EMT+ tumors compared to EMT- ones. Similarly, the induction of EMT in the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line using TGF-β/TNF-α led to a high increase in GABARAPL1 expression mediated by the EMT-related transcription factors of the SMAD family, whereas the other ATG8 genes were less modified. To determine the role of GABARAPL1 during EMT, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in A549 and ACHN kidney adenocarcinoma cell lines to deplete GABARAPL1. We then observed that GABARAPL1 knockout induced EMT linked to a defect of GABARAPL1-mediated degradation of the SMAD proteins. These findings suggest that, during EMT, GABARAPL1 might intervene in an EMT-regulatory loop. Indeed, induction of EMT led to an increase in GABARAPL1 levels through the activation of the SMAD signaling pathway, and then GABARAPL1 induced the autophagy-selective degradation of SMAD proteins, leading to EMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Jacquet
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Eric Hervouet
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
- DImaCellplatform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
- EPIGENExp, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Timothée Baudu
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Michaël Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.H.); (C.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Chloé Parratte
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Valérie Perez
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Célia Reynders
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.H.); (C.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Marie Ancion
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.H.); (C.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Marc Vigneron
- Team Replisome Dynamics and Cancer, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France;
| | - Aurélie Baguet
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Michaël Guittaut
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
- DImaCellplatform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Annick Fraichard
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Gilles Despouy
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (M.J.); (E.H.); (T.B.); (C.P.); (J.-P.F.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Masbuchin AN, Rohman MS, Liu PY. Role of Glycosylation in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9829. [PMID: 34575990 PMCID: PMC8469761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important step in post-translational protein modification. Altered glycosylation results in an abnormality that causes diseases such as malignancy and cardiovascular diseases. Recent emerging evidence highlights the importance of glycosylation in vascular calcification. Two major types of glycosylation, N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, are involved in vascular calcification. Other glycosylation mechanisms, which polymerize the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain onto protein, resulting in proteoglycan (PG), also have an impact on vascular calcification. This paper discusses the role of glycosylation in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainun Nizar Masbuchin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan;
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65111, Indonesia;
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65111, Indonesia;
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
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Shi Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Ma X, Tang L, Tao M, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Blockade of Autophagy Prevents the Development and Progression of Peritoneal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724141. [PMID: 34497522 PMCID: PMC8419262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a major cause of ultrafiltration failure in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Nevertheless, limited measures have been shown to be effective for the prevention and treatment of PF. Some views reveal that activation of autophagy ameliorates PF but others demonstrate that autophagy promotes PF. It is obvious that the role of autophagy in PF is controversial and further studies are needed. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in rat models of PF and damaged cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Autophagy was highly activated in fibrotic peritoneum from two PF rat models induced by 4.25% peritoneal dialysate fluid (PDF) and 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). Blockade of autophagy with 3-MA effectively prevented PF in both models and reversed epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by down-regulating TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway and downstream nuclear transcription factors Slug and Snail. Treatment with 3-MA also inhibited activation of EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway during PF. Moreover, 3-MA prominently decreased STAT3/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response and macrophage infiltration, and prevented peritoneal angiogenesis through downregulation of β-catenin signal. In addition, TGF-β1 stimulation up-regulated autophagic activity as evidenced by the increased autophagosome in vitro. Exposure of HPMCs to TGF-β1 resulted in the induction of EMT and activation of TGF-β/Smad3, EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Treatment with 3-MA blocked all these responses. In addition, delayed administration of 3-MA was effective in reducing EMT induced by TGF-β1. Taken together, our study indicated that autophagy might promote PF and 3-MA had anti-fibrosis effect in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that autophagy could be a potential target on PF therapy for clinical patients with long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Emergency Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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47
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Kumar P, Jagtap YA, Patwa SM, Kinger S, Dubey AR, Prajapati VK, Dhiman R, Poluri KM, Mishra A. Autophagy based cellular physiological strategies target oncogenic progression. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:258-277. [PMID: 34448206 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence accumulated from past findings indicates that defective proteostasis may contribute to risk factors for cancer generation. Irregular assembly of abnormal proteins catalyzes the disturbance of cellular proteostasis and induces the ability of abnormal cellular proliferation. The autophagy mechanism plays a key role in the regular clearance of abnormal/poor lipids, proteins, and various cellular organelles. The results of functional and effective autophagy deliver normal cellular homeostasis, which establishes supportive metabolism and avoids unexpected tumorigenesis events. Still, the precise molecular mechanism of autophagy in tumor suppression has not been clear. How autophagy triggers selective or nonselective bulk degradation to dissipate tumor promotion under stress conditions is not clear. Under proteotoxic insults to knockdown the drive of tumorigenesis, it is critical for us to figure out the detailed molecular functions of autophagy in human cancers. The current article summarizes autophagy-based theragnostic strategies targeting various phases of tumorigenesis and suggests the preventive roles of autophagy against tumor progression. A better understanding of various molecular partners of autophagic flux will improve and innovate therapeutic approaches based on autophagic-susceptible effects against cellular oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Som Mohanlal Patwa
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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48
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Lv D, Chen L, Du L, Zhou L, Tang H. Emerging Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Liver Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691410. [PMID: 34368140 PMCID: PMC8339910 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that HCC is driven by a population of cells called liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). LCSCs have been proposed to contribute to malignant HCC progression, including promoting tumor occurrence and growth, mediating tumor metastasis, and treatment resistance, but the regulatory mechanism of LCSCs in HCC remains unclear. Understanding the signaling pathways responsible for LCSC maintenance and survival may provide opportunities to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review the current literature about the origin of LCSCs and the niche composition, describe the current evidence of signaling pathways that mediate LCSC stemness, then highlight several mechanisms that modulate LCSC properties in HCC progression, and finally, summarize the new developments in therapeutic strategies targeting LCSCs markers and regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Lv
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyao Du
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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49
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Yang Y, Ye WL, Zhang RN, He XS, Wang JR, Liu YX, Wang Y, Yang XM, Zhang YJ, Gan WJ. The Role of TGF- β Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6675208. [PMID: 34335834 PMCID: PMC8321733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway mediates various biological functions, and its dysregulation is closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors. However, the role of TGF-β signaling in tumorigenesis and development is complex and contradictory. On the one hand, TGF-β signaling can exert antitumor effects by inhibiting proliferation or inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. On the other hand, TGF-β signaling may mediate oncogene effects by promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune escape. This review summarizes the recent findings on molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signaling. Specifically, this review evaluates TGF-β's therapeutic potential as a target by the following perspectives: ligands, receptors, and downstream signaling. We hope this review can trigger new ideas to improve the current clinical strategies to treat tumors related to the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Long Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, China
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50
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Tang C, Mo X, Niu Q, Wahafu A, Yang X, Qui M, Ivanov AA, Du Y, Fu H. Hypomorph mutation-directed small-molecule protein-protein interaction inducers to restore mutant SMAD4-suppressed TGF-β signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:636-647.e5. [PMID: 33326750 PMCID: PMC10053325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes represent a major class of oncogenic drivers. However, direct targeting of loss-of-function tumor suppressors remains challenging. To address this gap, we explored a variant-directed chemical biology approach to reverse the lost function of tumor suppressors using SMAD4 as an example. SMAD4, a central mediator of the TGF-β pathway, is recurrently mutated in many tumors. Here, we report the development of a TR-FRET technology that recapitulated the dynamic differential interaction of SMAD4 and SMAD4R361H with SMAD3 and identified Ro-31-8220, a bisindolylmaleimide derivative, as a SMAD4R361H/SMAD3 interaction inducer. Ro-31-8220 reactivated the dormant SMAD4R361H-mediated transcriptional activity and restored TGF-β-induced tumor suppression activity in SMAD4 mutant cancer cells. Thus, demonstration of Ro-31-8220 as a SMAD4R361H/SMAD3 interaction inducer illustrates a general strategy to reverse the lost function of tumor suppressors with hypomorph mutations and supports a systematic approach to develop small-molecule protein-protein interaction (PPI) molecular glues for biological insights and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710061, P.R.China
| | - Xiulei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Qiankun Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alafate Wahafu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710061, P.R.China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Min Qui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrey A Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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