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Ju Z, Xu J, Tang K, Chen F. Structural modification based on the diclofenac scaffold: Achieving reduced colitis side effects through COX-2/NLRP3 selective inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116257. [PMID: 38382390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
COX-2/NLPR3-targeted therapy might be beneficial for the inflammation diseases. To discover novel anti-inflammatory compounds with favorable safety profiles, three new series of non-carboxylic diclofenac analogues bearing various ring systems, such as oxadiazoles 4a-4w, triazoles 6a-6m, and cyclic imides 7a and 7b, were synthesized. The synthesized analogues were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against COX-2 enzyme. Among them, compound 6k exhibited potent selective COX-2 inhibition (IC50 = 1.53 μM; selectivity ((IC50 (COX-1)/IC50(COX-2) = 17.19). Treatment with compound 6k effectively suppressed the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, resulting in reduced expression of pro-inflammatory factors. The in vivo ulcerative colitis assay demonstrated that compound 6k significantly ameliorated histological damages and showed strong protection against DSS-induced acute colitis. The collected results indicated that compound 6k displays anti-inflammatory activity through COX-2/NLRP3 inhibition. Therefore, compound 6k represents a promising candidate for further development as a new lead compound with reduced colitis side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Junde Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Keshuang Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Venkataraman B, Almarzooqi S, Raj V, Bhongade BA, Patil RB, Subramanian VS, Attoub S, Rizvi TA, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Molecular Docking Identifies 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) as A Novel PPARγ Agonist That Alleviates Colon Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076160. [PMID: 37047133 PMCID: PMC10094723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is often debilitating. The disease etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic susceptibility, microbial dysregulation, abnormal immune activation, and environmental factors. Currently, available drug therapies are associated with adverse effects when used long-term. Therefore, the search for new drug candidates to treat IBD is imperative. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is highly expressed in the colon. PPARγ plays a vital role in regulating colonic inflammation. 1,8-cineole, also known as eucalyptol, is a monoterpene oxide present in various aromatic plants which possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that 1,8-cineole binds to PPARγ and if it were an agonist, that would explain the anti-inflammatory effects of 1,8-cineole. Therefore, we investigated the role of 1,8-cineole in colonic inflammation, using both in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was used as the in vivo model, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-stimulated HT-29 cells as the in vitro model. 1,8-cineole treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis mice. 1,8-cineole treatment also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus to induce potent antioxidant effects. 1,8-cineole also increased colonic PPARγ protein expression. Similarly, 1,8-cineole decreased proinflammatory chemokine production and increased PPARγ protein expression in TNFα-stimulated HT-29 cells. 1,8-cineole also increased PPARγ promoter activity time-dependently. Because of its potent anti-inflammatory effects, 1,8-cineole may be valuable in treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhoomendra A Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (BK), Pune 411 041, India
| | | | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Dong ZB, Wang YJ, Wan WJ, Wu J, Wang BJ, Zhu HL, Xie M, Liu L. Resveratrol ameliorates oxaliplatin‑induced neuropathic pain via anti‑inflammatory effects in rats. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:586. [PMID: 35949346 PMCID: PMC9353538 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wan
- Xishui Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Institute of Science and Technology, Huanggang, Hubei 438299, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 531412, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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Kim T, Kwon H, Lee DY, Kim DJ, Jeon Y, Shin H, Kim HS, Hur J, Lim C, Kim EH, Shin D, Kim SH. Concise syntheses and anti-inflammatory effects of isocorniculatolide B and corniculatolide B and C. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105398. [PMID: 34628222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of isocorniculatolide B, corniculatolide B, and corniculatolide C, consisting of isomeric corniculatolide skeletons, have been accomplished in a divergent manner. The key features of the synthesis involve the construction of diaryl ether linkages by nucleophilic aromatic substitution, installation of a C14-substituted alkyl side chain via a sequence of Baeyer-Villiger reaction and Claisen rearrangement, and efficient construction of corniculatolide and isocorniculatolide frameworks, including 17-membered (exterior) macrolactone skeletons from a versatile diaryl ether intermediate by Mitsunobu macrolactonization. Moreover, we prepared the structural congeners of isomeric corniculatolides via diverted total synthesis approach including desmethyl analogues and related dimeric macrolides. The anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized natural products, analogues and synthetic intermediates were also investigated. In particular, corniculatolide B significantly inhibited the protein expression of COX-2 and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by inhibiting of NF-κB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment. It also significantly inhibited the promoter activity and the phosphorylation of subunits p50 and p65 of NF-κB to the same extent as Bay 11-7082, a potent IκB kinase inhibitor. These results suggest that corniculatolide B might have therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease via NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
| | - Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
| | - Yoonsu Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
| | - Joonseong Hur
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 21999, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Changjin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea.
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea.
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Lee JS, Kim HS, Hahm KB, Surh YJ. Effects of Genetic and Pharmacologic Inhibition of COX-2 on Colitis-associated Carcinogenesis in Mice. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:27-37. [PMID: 32266177 PMCID: PMC7113413 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
COX-2 has been inappropriately overexpressed in various human malignancies, and is considered as one of the representative targets for the chemoprevention of inflammation-associated cancer. In order to assess the role of COX-2 in colitis-induced carcinogenesis, the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib and COX-2 null mice were exploited in an azoxymethane (AOM)-initiated and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-promoted murine colon carcinogenesis model. The administration of 2% DSS in drinking water for 1 week after a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM produced colorectal adenomas in 83% of mice, whereas only 27% of mice given AOM alone developed tumors. Oral administration of celecoxib significantly lowered the incidence as well as the multiplicity of colon tumors. The expression of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was upregulated in the colon tissues of mice treated with AOM and DSS, and this was inhibited by celecoxib administration. Likewise, celecoxib treatment abrogated the DNA binding of NF-κB, a key transcription factor responsible for regulating expression of aforementioned pro-inflammatory enzymes, which was associated with suppression of IκBα degradation. In the COX-2 null (COX-2–/–) mice, there was about 30% reduction in the incidence of colon tumors, and the tumor multiplicity was also markedly reduced (7.7 ± 2.5 vs. 2.43 ± 1.4, P < 0.01). As both pharmacologic inhibition and genetic ablation of COX-2 gene could not completely suppress colon tumor formation following treatment with AOM and DSS, it is speculated that other pro-inflammatory mediators, including COX-1 and iNOS, should be additionally targeted to prevent inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sang Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam, Korea.,Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Saito Y, Hinoi T, Adachi T, Miguchi M, Niitsu H, Kochi M, Sada H, Sotomaru Y, Sakamoto N, Sentani K, Oue N, Yasui W, Tashiro H, Ohdan H. Synbiotics suppress colitis-induced tumorigenesis in a colon-specific cancer mouse model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216393. [PMID: 31242213 PMCID: PMC6594584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although synbiotics may be effective in maintaining remission of inflammatory bowel disease, their anticarcinogenic effects are still debated. To address this issue, we evaluated the effects of synbiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics on tumorigenesis using a CDX2P-Cre; Apc+/flox mouse model harboring a colon-specific Apc knock out, which develops adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-administration promoted colonic tumor development in CDX2P-Cre; Apc+/flox mice, and these tumors were associated with loss of Apc heterozygosity, as confirmed by observation of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas with β-catenin accumulation in tumor cell cytoplasm. Synbiotics-treatment suppressed dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in CDX2P-Cre; Apc+/flox mice, thereby reducing mortality, and inhibited tumorigenesis accelerated by DSS-administration. Conversely, neither probiotics nor prebiotics had any effect on inflammation and tumorigenesis. Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve were detected in the fecal microbiota of probiotics-treated mice. Synbiotics-treatment suppressed DSS-induced expression of IL-6, STAT-3, COX-2, and TNF-α gene transcripts in normal colonic epithelium, indicating the possibility of suppressing tumor development. Importantly, these genes may be potential therapeutic targets in inflammation-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomohiro Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Miguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, GI medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Masatoshi Kochi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruki Sada
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sotomaru
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Division of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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He P, Yang C, Ye G, Xie H, Zhong W. Risks of colorectal neoplasms and cardiovascular thromboembolic events after the combined use of selective COX-2 inhibitors and aspirin with 5-year follow-up: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:417-426. [PMID: 30656820 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the association between selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) and the risk of colorectal neoplasms and vascular events with and without low-dose aspirin. METHOD We searched for randomized controlled trials and comparative studies in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases using pertinent key terms. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for each study with a fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS Eight clinical studies with 44 566 subjects were eligible. The use of coxib significantly reduced the overall risk of colorectal neoplasms by 21% (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.89; P = 0.000). The chemopreventive effect of coxibs was beneficial in the first year (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.94; P = 0.013), marginal in the third year (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63-1.01; P = 0.059) and counterproductive in the fifth year (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.23-2.21; P = 0.001). Compared with the use of aspirin alone, combined use of coxib and aspirin for 3 years increased the risk of a colorectal neoplasm by 80% in the fifth year (RR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.22-2.66; P = 0.003) but decreased by 79% and 30%, respectively, the risks of cardiovascular thromboembolic events (RR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.33-2.41; P = 0.0001) and renal impairment/hypertension (RR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54; P = 0.003) caused by coxib use alone. CONCLUSION Coxibs may reduce the overall risk of colorectal neoplasms, but the chemopreventive effects are attenuated over time. When participants take low-dose aspirin simultaneously, coxibs may not be useful for chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P He
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G Ye
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Xie
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Zhong
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu H, Li G, Zhang B, Sun D, Wu J, Chen F, Kong F, Luan Y, Jiang W, Wang R, Xue X. Suppression of the NF‑κB signaling pathway in colon cancer cells by the natural compound Riccardin D from Dumortierahirsute. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5837-5843. [PMID: 29484409 PMCID: PMC5866028 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Chronic inflammation is closely associated with the development, progression and prognosis of the majority of intestinal malignancies. In recent years, targeting the nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling pathway for CRC therapy has become an attractive strategy. Riccardin D, a novel macrocyclicbis (bibenzyl) compound, was isolated from the Chinese liverwort plant. Previous studies have suggested that Riccardin D exerted chemo‑preventative effects against the intestinal malignancy formation. In the present study, cell counting kit‑8, Hochest 33258 staining, mitochondria membrane permeability assay, western blotting analysis, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, luciferase reporter gene assay and molecular modeling analysis were performed to detect the effect and mechanisms of Riccardin D on human colon cancer cells. The results demonstrated that Riccardin D significantly inhibited the growth of HT‑29 cells. In addition, the cDNA expression of cyclooxygenase‑2, and the protein expression and activity of NF‑κB and tumor necrosis factor‑α were downregulated; however, the protein expression of cleaved caspase‑3 and ‑9, and cleaved poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase, and the B‑cell lymphoma (Bcl)‑2: Bcl‑2‑associated X protein ratio were upregulated. Furthermore, Auto Dock analysis identified binding sites between Riccardin D and NF‑κB. These results indicated that Riccardin D may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in HT‑29 cells, which may be associated with the blocking of the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Thus, Riccardin D should be investigated as an NF‑κB inhibitor in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Liu
- Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guoning Li
- Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Deqing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Feng Kong
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yun Luan
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Rongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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9
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Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Kanemaru A, Tanaka H, Umezawa K, Fukushima T, Kataoka H. Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB signaling suppresses Spint1-deletion-induced tumor susceptibility in the ApcMin/+ model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68614-68622. [PMID: 27612426 PMCID: PMC5356577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1), encoded by the Spint1 gene, is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor expressed on the epithelial cell surface. We have previously reported that the intestine-specific Spint1-deleted ApcMin/+ mice showed accelerated formation of intestinal tumors. In this study, we focused on the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in the HAI-1 loss-induced tumor susceptibility. In the HAI-1-deficient intestine, inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, were upregulated in normal mucosa. Furthermore, increased nuclear translocation of NF-κB was observed in both normal mucosa and tumor tissues of HAI-1-deficient ApcMin/+ intestines, and an NF-κB target gene, such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator, was upregulated in the HAI-1-deficient tumor tissues. Thus, we investigated the effect of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a synthetic inhibitor of NF-κB, on intestinal HAI-1-deficient ApcMin/+ mice. Treatment with DHMEQ reduced the formation of intestinal tumors compared with vehicle control in the HAI-1-deficient ApcMin/+ mice. These results suggested that insufficient HAI-1 function promotes intestinal carcinogenesis by activating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ai Kanemaru
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine Screening, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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10
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Djuric Z. Obesity-associated cancer risk: the role of intestinal microbiota in the etiology of the host proinflammatory state. Transl Res 2017; 179:155-167. [PMID: 27522986 PMCID: PMC5164980 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risks of many cancers. One important mechanism behind this association is the obesity-associated proinflammatory state. Although the composition of the intestinal microbiome undoubtedly can contribute to the proinflammatory state, perhaps the most important aspect of host-microbiome interactions is host exposure to components of intestinal bacteria that stimulate inflammatory reactions. Systemic exposures to intestinal bacteria can be modulated by dietary factors through altering both the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the absorption of bacterial products from the intestinal lumen. In particular, high-fat and high-energy diets have been shown to facilitate absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from intestinal bacteria. Biomarkers of bacterial exposures that have been measured in blood include LPS-binding protein, sCD14, fatty acids characteristic of intestinal bacteria, and immunoglobulins specific for bacterial LPS and flagellin. The optimal strategies to reduce these proinflammatory exposures, whether by altering diet composition, avoiding a positive energy balance, or reducing adipose stores, likely differ in each individual. Biomarkers that assess systemic bacterial exposures therefore should be useful to (1) optimize and personalize preventive approaches for individuals and groups with specific characteristics and to (2) gain insight into the possible mechanisms involved with different preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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11
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Ozer EK, Goktas MT, Kilinc I, Bariskaner H, Ugurluoglu C, Iskit AB. Celecoxib administration reduced mortality, mesenteric hypoperfusion, aortic dysfunction and multiple organ injury in septic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:583-589. [PMID: 28024294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression is associated with vascular injury and multiple organ failure in sepsis. However, constitutive COX-1 and basal COX-2 expressions have physiological effects. We aimed to investigate the effects of partial and selective COX-2 inhibition without affecting constitutive COX-1 and basal COX-2 activities by celecoxib on mesenteric artery blood flow (MABF), vascular reactivity, oxidative and inflammatory injuries, and survival in septic rats accomplished by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). METHODS Wistar rats were allocated into Sham, CLP, Sham+celecoxib, CLP+celecoxib subgroups. 2h after Sham and CLP operations, celecoxib (0.5mg/kg) or vehicle (saline; 1mL/kg) was administered orally to rats. 18h after drug administrations, MABF and responses of isolated aortic rings to phenylephrine were measured. Tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Furthermore, survival rate was monitored throughout 96h. RESULTS Celecoxib ameliorated mesenteric hypoperfusion and partially improved aortic dysfunction induced by CLP. Survival rate was%0 at 49th h in CLP group, but in CLP+celecoxib group it was 42.8% at the end of 96h. Serum AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, Cr and inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6) levels were increased in CLP group that were prevented by celecoxib. The decreases in liver and spleen glutathione levels and the increases in liver, lung, spleen and kidney malondialdehyde levels in CLP group were blocked by celecoxib. The histopathological protective effects of celecoxib on organ injury due to CLP were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib has protective effects on sepsis due to its preservative effects on mesenteric perfusion, aortic function and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Kamil Ozer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Tugrul Goktas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kilinc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hulagu Bariskaner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Ugurluoglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Alper Bektas Iskit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Celecoxib increases EGF signaling in colon tumor associated fibroblasts, modulating EGFR expression and degradation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12310-25. [PMID: 25987127 PMCID: PMC4494940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that non-toxic doses of Celecoxib induced the immediate phosphorylation of Erk1-2 in colon tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs), increasing their responsiveness to epidermal growth factor (EGF). We have now identified two concomitant mechanisms explaining the EGF-Celecoxib cooperation. We found that a 24-48h Celecoxib priming increased EGF receptor (EGFR) mRNA and protein levels in colon TAFs, promoting EGF binding and internalization. Celecoxib-primed TAFs showed a reduced EGFR degradation after EGF challenge. This delay corresponded to a deferred dissociation of EEA1 from EGFR positive endosomes and the accumulation of Rab7, pro Cathepsin-D and SQSTM1/p62, suggesting a shared bottleneck in the pathways of late-endosomes/autophagosomes maturation. Celecoxib modulated the levels of target proteins similarly to the inhibitors of endosome/lysosome acidification Bafilomycin-A1 and NH4Cl. Cytoplasmic vesicles fractionation showed a reduced maturation of Cathepsin-D in late endosomes and an increased content of EGFR and Rab7 in lysosomes of Celecoxib-treated TAFs. Our data indicate a double mechanism mediating the increased response to EGF of colon TAFs treated with Celecoxib. While EGFR overexpression could be targeted using anti EGFR drugs, the effects on endosome trafficking and protein turnover represents a more elusive target and should be taken into account for any long-term therapy with Celecoxib.
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13
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Choo J, Lee Y, Yan XJ, Noh TH, Kim SJ, Son S, Pothoulakis C, Moon HR, Jung JH, Im E. A Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)γ Agonist 2-Hydroxyethyl 5-chloro-4,5-didehydrojasmonate Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Colitis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25609-19. [PMID: 26342083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Here we investigated the newly synthesized jasmonate analogue 2-hydroxyethyl 5-chloro-4,5-didehydrojasmonate (J11-Cl) for its anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal inflammation. First, to test whether J11-Cl can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), we performed docking simulations because J11-Cl has a structural similarity with anti-inflammatory 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), one of the endogenous ligands of PPARγ. J11-Cl bound to the ligand binding domain of PPARγ in the same manner as 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone, and significantly increased transcriptional activity of PPARγ. In animal experiments, colitis was significantly reduced in mice with J11-Cl treatment, determined by analyses of survival rate, body weight changes, clinical symptoms, and histological evaluation. Moreover, J11-Cl decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and G-CSF as well as chemokines including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)20, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)2, CXCL3, and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) in colon tissues, and LPS or TNF-α-stimulated macrophages and epithelial cells. In contrast, production of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-2 and IL-4 as well as the proliferative factor, GM-CSF, was increased by J11-Cl. Furthermore, inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB activation by J11-Cl was also observed. J11-Cl reduced intestinal inflammation by increasing the transcriptional activity of PPARγ and modulating inflammatory signaling pathways. Therefore, our study suggests that J11-Cl may serve as a novel therapeutic agent against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choo
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Yunna Lee
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Xin-Jia Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150076, P.R. China, and
| | - Tae Hwan Noh
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Sujin Son
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Jee H Jung
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- From the College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea,
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14
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Kim W, Lee Y, Jeong S, Nam J, Lee S, Jung Y. Colonic delivery of celecoxib is a potential pharmaceutical strategy for repositioning the selective COX-2 inhibitor as an anti-colitic agent. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1830-8. [PMID: 25860026 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor applied to the treatment of arthritis. Repositioning the anti-inflammatory drug as an anti-inflammatory bowel disease drug has obstacles such as controversial anti-colitic efficacy and potential side effects. We examined whether colonic delivery of celecoxib could circumvent the therapeutic limitations. N-succinylglutam-1-yl celecoxib (SG1C), a colon-specific prodrug of celecoxib), was administered orally to rats with colitis and the anti-inflammatory activity and pharmacologic mechanisms were investigated. SG1C alleviated the colonic injury and lowered myeloperoxidase activity in the inflamed colonic tissues much more effectively than conventional celecoxib. While suppressing expression of pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappaB gene products including cyclooxygenase-2, SG1C elevated an anti-inflammatory nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target gene product heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the inflamed colon. In contrast, no significant molecular effects were observed with conventional celecoxib. Unlike conventional celecoxib, SG1C did not lower the serum level of 6-keto-PGF1α, an inverse indicator of cardiovascular adverse effects. Collectively, colonic delivery of celecoxib, likely improving therapeutic and toxicological properties of celecoxib, may be a feasible pharmaceutical strategy to therapeutically switch celecoxib to an anti-colitic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea.
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea.
- Bio-Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
| | - Seongkeun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea.
| | - Joon Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea.
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea.
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea.
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15
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Lee Y, Kim W, Hong S, Park H, Yum S, Yoon JH, Jung Y. Colon-targeted celecoxib ameliorates TNBS-induced rat colitis: a potential pharmacologic mechanism and therapeutic advantages. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 726:49-56. [PMID: 24462351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The clinical usefulness of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is controversial in terms of efficacy and toxicity. To overcome these problems, colon-specific drug delivery was adopted, which generally confers therapeutic and toxicological advantages of drugs for treatment of colonic diseases. N-succinylaspart-1-yl celecoxib (SA1C), a colon-specific prodrug of celecoxib, was administered orally to rats with experimental colitis, and the anti-colitic effects and a molecular mechanism were investigated and compared to those of conventional celecoxib. SA1C, which delivered a much greater amount of celecoxib to the inflamed colon, alleviated the colonic injury, lowered myeloperoxidase activity in the inflamed colonic tissues and was much more effective than conventional celecoxib. SA1C but not conventional celecoxib significantly attenuated expression of NFκB target gene products in the inflamed tissues. Consistent with this, SA1C effectively prevented nuclear accumulation of p65 in the inflamed tissues. Moreover, while conventional celecoxib lowered the serum level of 6-keto-PGF1α, an inverse indicator of cardiovascular toxicity, SA1C did not change its serum level. Our data suggest that colonic delivery of celecoxib is a feasible strategy for treatment of IBD with improved therapeutic and toxicological properties.
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16
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Fink SP, Dawson DM, Zhang Y, Kresak A, Lawrence EG, Yang P, Chen Y, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Willis JE, Kopelovich L, Markowitz SD. Sulindac reversal of 15-PGDH-mediated resistance to colon tumor chemoprevention with NSAIDs. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:291-8. [PMID: 25503930 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent colorectal cancer by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that synthesize tumor-promoting prostaglandins. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is a tumor suppressor that degrades tumor-promoting prostaglandins. Murine knockout of 15-PGDH increases susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced colon tumors. It also renders these mice resistant to celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of inducible COX-2 during colon neoplasia. Similarly, humans with low colonic 15-PGDH are also resistant to colon adenoma prevention with celecoxib. Here, we used aspirin and sulindac, which inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, in order to determine if these broader COX inhibitors can prevent colon tumors in 15-PGDH knockout (KO) mice. Unlike celecoxib, sulindac proved highly effective in colon tumor prevention of 15-PGDH KO mice. Significantly, however, aspirin demonstrated no effect on colon tumor incidence in either 15-PGDH wild-type or KO mice, despite a comparable reduction in colonic mucosal Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) levels by both sulindac and aspirin. Notably, colon tumor prevention activity by sulindac was accompanied by a marked induction of lymphoid aggregates and proximal colonic inflammatory mass lesions, a side effect seen to a lesser degree with celecoxib, but not with aspirin. These findings suggest that sulindac may be the most effective agent for colon cancer prevention in humans with low 15-PGDH, but its use may also be associated with inflammatory lesions in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Fink
- Department of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dawn M Dawson
- Department of Pathology, Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Adam Kresak
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, Department of Pathology, Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Earl G Lawrence
- Department of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA and
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joseph E Willis
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, Department of Pathology, Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Department of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,
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17
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Rybinski B, Franco-Barraza J, Cukierman E. The wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer progression triad. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:223-44. [PMID: 24520152 PMCID: PMC4035661 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00158.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades tumors have been recognized as "wounds that do not heal." Besides the commonalities that tumors and wounded tissues share, the process of wound healing also portrays similar characteristics with chronic fibrosis. In this review, we suggest a tight interrelationship, which is governed as a concurrence of cellular and microenvironmental reactivity among wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer development/progression (i.e., the WHFC triad). It is clear that the same cell types, as well as soluble and matrix elements that drive wound healing (including regeneration) via distinct signaling pathways, also fuel chronic fibrosis and tumor progression. Hence, here we review the relationship between fibrosis and cancer through the lens of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Rybinski
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center/Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Short SS, Wang J, Castle SL, Fernandez GE, Smiley N, Zobel M, Pontarelli EM, Papillon SC, Grishin AV, Ford HR. Low doses of celecoxib attenuate gut barrier failure during experimental peritonitis. J Transl Med 2013; 93:1265-75. [PMID: 24126890 PMCID: PMC3966546 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier becomes compromised during systemic inflammation, leading to the entry of luminal bacteria into the host and gut origin sepsis. Pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory gut barrier failure is an important problem in critical care. In this study, we examined the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the production of inflammatory prostanoids, in gut barrier failure during experimental peritonitis in mice. I.p. injection of LPS or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) increased the levels of COX-2 and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the ileal mucosa, caused pathologic sloughing of the intestinal epithelium, increased passage of FITC-dextran and bacterial translocation across the barrier, and increased internalization of the tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins junction-associated molecule-A and zonula occludens-1. Luminal instillation of PGE2 in an isolated ileal loop increased transepithelial passage of FITC-dextran. Low doses (0.5-1 mg/kg), but not a higher dose (5 mg/kg) of the specific COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib partially ameliorated the inflammatory gut barrier failure. These results demonstrate that high levels of COX-2-derived PGE2 seen in the mucosa during peritonitis contribute to gut barrier failure, presumably by compromising TJs. Low doses of specific COX-2 inhibitors may blunt this effect while preserving the homeostatic function of COX-2-derived prostanoids. Low doses of COX-2 inhibitors may find use as an adjunct barrier-protecting therapy in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S. Short
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shannon L. Castle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Nancy Smiley
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael Zobel
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth M. Pontarelli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephanie C. Papillon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anatoly V. Grishin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Henri R. Ford
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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19
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Weng H, Deng Y, Xie Y, Liu H, Gong F. Expression and significance of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in human epidermal tumors. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:311. [PMID: 23803172 PMCID: PMC3697986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA binding protein located in nucleus. It is released into extracellular fluid where it acts as a novel proinflammatory cytokine which interacts with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This sequence of events is involved in tumor growth and progression. However, the effects of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB on epidermal tumors remain unclear. Methods Human epidermal tumor specimens were obtained from 96 patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in human epidermal tumor and normal skin specimens. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65 in epithelial cell nuclei in human epidermal tumor and normal tissues. Results Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis indicated a progressive but statistically significant increase in p65 expression in epithelial nuclei in benign seborrheic keratosis (SK), precancerous lesions (PCL), low malignancy basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and high malignancy squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (P <0.01). The level of extracellular HMGB1 in SK was significantly higher than in normal skin (NS) (P <0.01), and was higher than in SCC but without statistical significance. The level of TLR4 on epithelial membranes of SCC cells was significantly higher than in SK, PCL, BCC and NS (P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between p65 expression in the epithelial nuclei and TLR4 expression on the epithelial cell membranes (r = 0.3212, P <0.01). Conclusions These findings indicate that inflammation is intensified in parallel with increasing malignancy. They also indicate that the TLR4 signaling pathway, rather than HMGB1, may be the principal mediator of inflammation in high-grade malignant epidermal tumors. Combined detection of p65 in the epithelial nuclei and TLR4 on the epithelial membranes may assist the accurate diagnosis of malignant epidermal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Weng
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
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20
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Venook AP, Niedzwiecki D, Lopatin M, Ye X, Lee M, Friedman PN, Frankel W, Clark-Langone K, Millward C, Shak S, Goldberg RM, Mahmoud NN, Warren RS, Schilsky RL, Bertagnolli MM. Biologic determinants of tumor recurrence in stage II colon cancer: validation study of the 12-gene recurrence score in cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB) 9581. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:1775-81. [PMID: 23530100 PMCID: PMC3641698 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.45.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A greater understanding of the biology of tumor recurrence should improve adjuvant treatment decision making. We conducted a validation study of the 12-gene recurrence score (RS), a quantitative assay integrating stromal response and cell cycle gene expression, in tumor specimens from patients enrolled onto Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9581. PATIENTS AND METHODS CALGB 9581 randomly assigned 1,713 patients with stage II colon cancer to treatment with edrecolomab or observation and found no survival difference. The analysis reported here included all patients with available tissue and recurrence (n = 162) and a random (approximately 1:3) selection of nonrecurring patients. RS was assessed in 690 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction by using prespecified genes and a previously validated algorithm. Association of RS and recurrence was analyzed by weighted Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Continuous RS was significantly associated with risk of recurrence (P = .013) as was mismatch repair (MMR) gene deficiency (P = .044). In multivariate analyses, RS was the strongest predictor of recurrence (P = .004), independent of T stage, MMR, number of nodes examined, grade, and lymphovascular invasion. In T3 MMR-intact (MMR-I) patients, prespecified low and high RS groups had average 5-year recurrence risks of 13% (95% CI, 10% to 16%) and 21% (95% CI, 16% to 26%), respectively. CONCLUSION The 12-gene RS predicts recurrence in stage II colon cancer in CALGB 9581. This is consistent with the importance of stromal response and cell cycle gene expression in colon tumor recurrence. RS appears to be most discerning for patients with T3 MMR-I tumors, although markers such as grade and lymphovascular invasion did not add value in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Venook
- University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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21
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Joudeh J, Allen JE, Das A, Prabhu V, Farbaniec M, Adler J, El-Deiry WS. Novel antineoplastics targeting genetic changes in colorectal cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 779:1-34. [PMID: 23288633 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6176-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of the medical -management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Research over the last two decades has led to a molecular understanding of the oncogenic mechanisms involved in CRC and has contributed to the rational development of antineoplastics that target these mechanisms. During carcinogenesis, genetic changes often occur in molecules that play key functional roles in cancer such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell death and immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells. Here, we review novel antineoplastics that are approved or in development for CRC that target molecules associated with genetic aberrations in CRC. Some of these targeted antineoplastics have proven effective against other solid tumors and hold promise in treating CRC whereas others are now routinely used in combination with cytotoxic agents. This article reviews antineoplastics that target genetic changes in CRC, their antitumor mechanisms, and their stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Joudeh
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Benelli R, Venè R, Minghelli S, Carlone S, Gatteschi B, Ferrari N. Celecoxib induces proliferation and Amphiregulin production in colon subepithelial myofibroblasts, activating erk1–2 signaling in synergy with EGFR. Cancer Lett 2013; 328:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Effects of nadroparin sodium, a low molecular weight heparin, in colitis was investigated by analyzing proteins implicated in nuclear factor E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Twenty-eight rats were used. Colitis was induced by acetic acid (AA). Nadroparin sodium was given to prevention and treatment groups in addition to AA. Colitis was assessed histologically and levels of proteins were analyzed with Western blot. Nadroparin not only prevented and ameliorated the AA-induced colitis histopathologically but also decreased expression of colon NF-κB, activator protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6, which were significantly increased in group AA compared to control. The accumulation of Nrf2 in nuclear fraction and HO-1 found low in group AA was increased with nadroparin (p < 0.05). The mean malondialdehyde level increased with AA and was decreased significantly with nadroparin prevention and treatment (p < 0.001). Nadroparin sodium has both protective and therapeutic effects against colonic inflammation via exerting anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways.
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Liu HP, Gao ZH, Cui SX, Sun DF, Wang Y, Zhao CR, Lou HX, Qu XJ. Inhibition of intestinal adenoma formation in APC(Min/+) mice by Riccardin D, a natural product derived from liverwort plant Dumortiera hirsuta. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33243. [PMID: 22432006 PMCID: PMC3303813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation of tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), is the primary molecular event in the development of most intestinal carcinomas. Animal model with APC gene mutation is an effective tool for study of preventive approaches against intestinal carcinomas. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Riccardin D, a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl compound, as a chemopreventive agent against intestinal adenoma formation in APC(Min/+) mice. METHODS APC(Min/+) mice were given Riccardin D by p.o. gavage for 7 weeks. Mice were sacrificed, and the number, size and histopathology of intestinal polyps were examined under a microscope. We performed immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in intestinal polyps to investigate the mechanism of chemopreventive effect of Riccardin D. RESULTS Riccardin D treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of intestinal adenoma formation, showing a reduction of polyp number by 41.7%, 31.1% and 44.4%, respectively, in proximal, middle and distal portions of small intestine. The activity of Riccardin D against polyp formation was more profound in colon, wherein Riccardin D decreased polyp number by 79.3%. Size distribution analysis revealed a significant reduction in large-size polyps (2-3 mm) by 40.0%, 42.5% and 33.3%, respectively, in proximal, middle and distal portions of small intestine, and 77.8% in colon. Histopathological analysis of the intestinal polyps revealed mostly hyperplastic morphology without obvious dysplasia in Riccardin D-treated mice. Molecular analyses of the polyps suggested that the inhibitory effect of Riccardin D on intestinal adenoma formation was associated with its abilities of reduction in cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway and suppression of inflammatory mediators in polyps. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that Riccardin D exerts its chemopreventive effect against intestinal adenoma formation through multiple mechanisms including anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shu-Xiang Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - De-Fu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cui-Rong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yu L, Wang L, Chen S. Exogenous or endogenous Toll-like receptor ligands: which is the MVP in tumorigenesis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:935-49. [PMID: 22048194 PMCID: PMC11114862 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors sensing microbial components and triggering an immune response against pathogens. In addition to their role in anti-infection immunity, increasing evidence indicates that engagement of TLRs can promote cancer cell survival and proliferation, induce tumor immune evasion, and enhance tumor metastasis and chemoresistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that endogenous molecules or damage-associated molecular patterns released from damaged/necrotic tissues are capable of activating TLRs and that the endogenous ligands-mediated TLR signaling is implicated in the tumor development and affects the therapeutic efficacy of tumors. Since both exogenous and endogenous TLR ligands can initiate TLR signaling, which is the most valuable player in tumor development becomes an interesting question. Here, we summarize the effect of TLR signaling on the development and progression of tumors, and discuss the role of exogenous and endogenous TLR ligands in the tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Zaynagetdinov R, Sherrill TP, Polosukhin VV, Han W, Ausborn JA, McLoed AG, McMahon FB, Gleaves LA, Degryse AL, Stathopoulos GT, Yull FE, Blackwell TS. A critical role for macrophages in promotion of urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5703-11. [PMID: 22048774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have established roles in tumor growth and metastasis, but information about their role in lung tumor promotion is limited. To assess the role of macrophages in lung tumorigenesis, we developed a method of minimally invasive, long-term macrophage depletion by repetitive intratracheal instillation of liposomal clodronate. Compared with controls treated with repetitive doses of PBS-containing liposomes, long-term macrophage depletion resulted in a marked reduction in tumor number and size at 4 mo after a single i.p. injection of the carcinogen urethane. After urethane treatment, lung macrophages developed increased M1 macrophage marker expression during the first 2-3 wk, followed by increased M2 marker expression by week 6. Using a strategy to reduce alveolar macrophages during tumor initiation and early promotion stages (weeks 1-2) or during late promotion and progression stages (weeks 4-16), we found significantly fewer and smaller lung tumors in both groups compared with controls. Late-stage macrophage depletion reduced VEGF expression and impaired vascular growth in tumors. In contrast, early-stage depletion of alveolar macrophages impaired urethane-induced NF-κB activation in the lungs and reduced the development of premalignant atypical adenomatous hyperplasia lesions at 6 wk after urethane injection. Together, these studies elucidate an important role for macrophages in lung tumor promotion and indicate that these cells have distinct roles during different stages of lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Bocca C, Bozzo F, Cannito S, Parola M, Miglietta A. Celecoxib inactivates epithelial-mesenchymal transition stimulated by hypoxia and/or epidermal growth factor in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:783-95. [PMID: 21882253 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has been reported to exert chemopreventive and antitumor effects on colon cancer, one of the most common solid epithelial malignancy worldwide. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether celecoxib may be able to affect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical process involved in cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis and then proposed to be relevant for cancer progression. Human HT-29 colon cancer cells were exposed to carefully controlled hypoxic conditions and/or epidermal growth factor (EGF) and then investigated for EMT changes and signal transduction pathways involved by using morphological, molecular, and cell biology techniques. Celecoxib inhibited basal and EGF-stimulated proliferation, hypoxia-related HIF-1α recruitment/stabilization as well as hypoxia- and EGF-dependent activation of ERK and PI3K. Interestingly, celecoxib prevented EMT-related changes, as shown by modifications of β-catenin intracellular localization or vimentin and E-cadherin levels, as well as HT-29 invasiveness induced by hypoxia, EGF, or hypoxia plus EGF. Finally, experiments performed on SW-480 colon cancer cells (i.e., cells lacking COX-2) exposed to hypoxia, used here as a stimulus able to induce EMT and invasiveness, revealed that in these cells celecoxib was ineffective. Results of the present study indicate that celecoxib has the potential to negatively affect induction of EMT and increased invasiveness of colon cancer cells as elicited by different signals originating from tumor microenvironment (i.e., hypoxia and EGF). Moreover, these effects are likely be related to the pharmacological inhibitory effect exerted on COX-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bocca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Gandhi SR, Tiwari AK, Kunte DP, De la Cruz MA, Stypula Y, Gibson T, Brasky J, Backman V, Wali RK, Roy HK. Association of stem-like cells in gender-specific chemoprevention against intestinal neoplasia in MIN mouse. Oncol Rep 2011; 26:1127-32. [PMID: 21769438 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the gender-sensitivity and chemopreventive responsiveness of celecoxib on intestinal stem-like cells as a biomarker of colon carcino-genesis, using the MIN mouse model. Male and female MIN mice (6-7-weeks old) were randomized to either control diet or to a diet supplemented with celecoxib (1,500 ppm). The animals were euthanized ten weeks later and the intestines were flushed and opened longitudinally to assess tumor count. Small intestinal segments were formalin-fixed and tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical evaluation of DCAMKL1, a known marker of stem-like cells. We found that in animals receiving control (AIN 76A diet) alone, female MIN mice had a higher polyp count than males (52.32 ± 13.89 vs. 35.43 ± 16.05; p<0.0005). However, compared to control diet groups, celecoxib supplementation caused a larger reduction in the number of polyps in females than their male cohorts (6.38 ± 1.43 vs. 12.83 ± 6.74; a reduction of 88% in females to 64% in males). Significant differences (p=0.013) were observed in the number of DCAMKL1-stained cells in the crypts of the wild-type (WT) (10.01 ± 1.07 stem cells per high powered field; HPF) compared to the MIN mice (24.15 ± 8.08 stem cells per HPF), illustrating increased stem-like cells in animals that are more prone to neoplasia. DCAMKL1 labeled stem-like cells were equal in number in the male and female groups receiving the control AIN 76A diet alone (females, 25.73 stem-like cells/HPF); males, 24.15 stem-like cells/HPF). However, females showed a greater reduction in the number of DCAMKL1-labeled stem-like cells with celecoxib supplementation than the respective males (16.63 ± 4.23 vs. 21.56 ± 9.06; a reduction of 35.4% in females to 10.7% in males). We conclude that a higher number of stem-like cells in the uninvolved mucosa paralleled tumorigenesis and mirrored greater chemopreventive responsiveness of female MIN mice compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema R Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, NorthShore University Healthsystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Fukuda M, Komiyama Y, Mitsuyama K, Andoh A, Aoyama T, Matsumoto Y, Kanauchi O. Prebiotic treatment reduced preneoplastic lesions through the downregulation of toll like receptor 4 in a chemo-induced carcinogenic model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 49:57-61. [PMID: 21765608 PMCID: PMC3128367 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinated barley foodstuff contains prebiotics which are reported to have anti-cancerous effects in colorectal cancer model, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies revealed that the role of microbiota was strongly related to the regulation of incidence and progression of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-neoplastic mechanism by prebiotics. Azoxymethane treated F344 rats were used as the sporadic cancerous model. After azoxymethane injection, either a control or germinated barley foodstuff diet was administered to the rats for another 5 weeks, and the number of abberant crypt foci, toll like receptor 4, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene and cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA expression of colonic mucosa and cecal short chain fatty acids were examined. The germinated barley food stuff significantly attenuated the number of abberant crypt focis and the expression of toll like receptor 4 and cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA, compared to the control group. In addition, the cecal butyrate production in the germinated barley foodstuff group was significantly higher than that in the control. In conclusion, this prebiotic treatment for colorectal cancer may be useful without causing the adverse effects seen in either anti-cancer drugs or anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Fukuda
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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Cammarota R, Bertolini V, Pennesi G, Bucci EO, Gottardi O, Garlanda C, Laghi L, Barberis MC, Sessa F, Noonan DM, Albini A. The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer: stromal TLR-4 expression as a potential prognostic marker. J Transl Med 2010; 8:112. [PMID: 21059221 PMCID: PMC2997091 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer can be efficiently treated when found at early stages, thus the search for novel markers is of paramount importance. Since inflammation is associated with cancer progression and angiogenesis, we investigated expression of cytokines like IL-6 and other mediators that play a key role in the innate immune system, in particular toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), in the microenvironment of lesions from different stages of colon disease progression, from ulcerative colitis to adenoma and adenocarcinoma to find useful markers. Methods The presence of inflammatory cells and expression of key cytokines involved in the inflammation process were quantified by immunohistochemistry in specific tissue compartments (epithelial, stromal, endothelial) by immunohistochemistry. A murine azoxymethane/dextran sulfate model in which Tir8, a negative regulator of the inflammatory response, was ablated was used to confirm the clinical observations. 116 Archival tissue samples from patients with different stages of colorectal disease: 13 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 34 tubular or tubulo-villous adenomas (AD), and 53 infiltrating adenocarcinomas. 16 specimens of healthy mucosa surgically removed with the cancerous tissue were used as a control. Results The differences between healthy tissues and the diverse lesions was characterized by a marked inflammatory-angiogenic reaction, with significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of CD68, CD15, and CD31 expressing cells in all diseased tissues that correlated with increasing grade of malignancy. We noted down-regulation of a potential modulator molecule, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, in all diseased tissues (P < 0.05). TLR-4 and IL6 expression in the tumor microenvironment were associated with adenocarcinoma in human samples and in the murine model. We found that adenocarcinoma patients (pT1-4) with higher TLR-4 expression in stromal compartment had a significantly increased risk in disease progression. In those patients with a diagnosis of pT3 (33 cases) colon cancer, those with very high levels of TLR-4 in the tumor stroma relapsed significantly earlier than those with lower expression levels. Conclusions These data suggest that high TLR-4 expression in the tumor microenvironment represents a possible marker of disease progression in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Cammarota
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Science and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, (via Fantoli 16/15), Milan, (20138), Italy
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