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Liu W, Zhang Y, Nie Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang Z, Gong B, Ma M. AGBL2 promotes renal cell carcinoma cells proliferation and migration via α-tubulin detyrosination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37086. [PMID: 39315218 PMCID: PMC11417249 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background AGBL2's role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been reported in several cancer studies, and it is closely associated with α-tubulin detyrosination. The roles of AGBL2 and α-tubulin detyrosination in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis remain unclear and require further investigation. Methods In this study, we conducted an analysis of AGBL2 expression differences between renal clear cell carcinoma tissues and normal tissues using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We performed a comprehensive prognostic analysis of AGBL2 in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Based on the results of the Cox analysis, we constructed a prognostic model to assess its predictive capabilities. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed the diagnostic value of AGBL2 in renal cancer. We conducted further validation by analyzing cancer tissue samples and renal cancer cell lines, which confirmed the role of AGBL2 in promoting RCC cell proliferation and migration through in vitro experiments. Additionally, we verified the impact of AGBL2's detyrosination on α-tubulin using the tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCP) inhibitor parthenolide. Finally, we performed sequencing analysis on AGBL2 knockdown 786-O cells to investigate the correlation between AGBL2, immune infiltration, and AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrated the enhancing effect of AGBL2 on AKT phosphorylation. Results TCGA analysis revealed a significant increase in AGBL2 expression in RCC patients, which was correlated with poorer overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free intervals (PFI). According to the analysis results, we constructed column-line plots to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival outcomes in RCC patients. Additionally, the calibration plots assessing the model's performance exhibited favorable agreement with the predicted outcomes. And the ROC curves showed that AGBL2 showed good diagnostic performance in KIRC (AUC = 0.836)). Cell phenotyping assays revealed that AGBL2 knockdown in RCC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, overexpression of AGBL2 resulted in increased cell proliferation and migration in RCC cells. We observed that AGBL2 is predominantly located in the nucleus and can elevate the detyrosination level of α-tubulin in RCC cells. Moreover, the enhancement of RCC cell proliferation and migration by AGBL2 was partially inhibited after treatment with the TCP inhibitor parthenolide. Analysis of the sequencing data revealed that AGBL2 is associated with a diverse array of biological processes, encompassing signal transduction and immune infiltration. Interestingly, AGBL2 expression exhibited a negative correlation with the majority of immune cell infiltrations. Additionally, AGBL2 was found to enhance the phosphorylation of AKT in RCC cells. Conclusion Our study suggests that AGBL2 fosters RCC cell proliferation and migration by enhancing α-tubulin detyrosination. Moreover, elevated AGBL2 expression increases phosphorylation of AKT in RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Urology, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yechen Nie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifu Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Urology, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
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Wang Y, Jia J, Wang F, Fang Y, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Yuan W, Gu X, Hu J, Yang S. Pre-metastatic niche: formation, characteristics and therapeutic implication. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:236. [PMID: 39317708 PMCID: PMC11422510 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is a primary cause of mortality and contributes to poor surgical outcomes in cancer patients. Before the development of organ-specific metastasis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche is pivotal in promoting the spread of cancer cells. This review delves into the intricate landscape of the pre-metastatic niche, focusing on the roles of tumor-derived secreted factors, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells in shaping the metastatic niche. The discussion encompasses cellular elements such as macrophages, neutrophils, bone marrow-derived suppressive cells, and T/B cells, in addition to molecular factors like secreted substances from tumors and extracellular vesicles, within the framework of pre-metastatic niche formation. Insights into the temporal mechanisms of pre-metastatic niche formation such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, vascular permeability and angiogenesis are provided. Furthermore, the landscape of pre-metastatic niche in different metastatic organs like lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and bones is elucidated. Therapeutic approaches targeting the cellular and molecular components of pre-metastatic niche, as well as interventions targeting signaling pathways such as the TGF-β, VEGF, and MET pathways, are highlighted. This review aims to enhance our understanding of pre-metastatic niche dynamics and provide insights for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiachi Jia
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fuqi Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yingshuai Fang
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yabing Yang
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Junhong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Smith IM, Ursitti JA, Majeti P, Givpoor N, Stemberger MB, Hengen A, Banerjee S, Stains J, Martin SS, Ward C, Stroka KM. High throughput cell mechanotyping of cell response to cytoskeletal modulations using a microfluidic cell deformation system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599307. [PMID: 38948841 PMCID: PMC11212920 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cellular mechanical properties influence cellular functions across pathological and physiological systems. The observation of these mechanical properties is limited in part by methods with a low throughput of acquisition or with low accessibility. To overcome these limitations, we have designed, developed, validated, and optimized a microfluidic cellular deformation system (MCDS) capable of mechanotyping suspended cells on a population level at a high throughput rate of ∼300 cells pers second. The MCDS provides researchers with a viable method for efficiently quantifying cellular mechanical properties towards defining prognostic implications of mechanical changes in pathology or screening drugs to modulate cytoskeletal integrity.
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Bak J, Brummelkamp TR, Perrakis A. Decoding microtubule detyrosination: enzyme families, structures, and functional implications. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1453-1464. [PMID: 38811347 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Microtubules are a major component of the cytoskeleton and can accumulate a plethora of modifications. The microtubule detyrosination cycle is one of these modifications; it involves the enzymatic removal of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin on assembled microtubules and the re-ligation of tyrosine on detyrosinated tubulin dimers. This modification cycle has been implicated in cardiac disease, neuronal development, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin and microtubule-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase enzyme families are responsible for microtubule detyrosination. Their long-sought discovery allows to review and summarise differences and similarities between the two enzymes families and discuss how they interplay with other modifications and functions of the tubulin code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske Bak
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ding Y, Su N, Luan J, Xu J, Qiu S, Sun Z. High Vasohibin-2 expression correlated with autophagy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109808. [PMID: 38278467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Vasohibin-2 (VASH2) is confirmed to be associated with angiogenesis. To investigate the vitreous levels of VASH2 and how VASH2 induces angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), a total of 120 eyes were enrolled in this prospective and randomized controlled study and the vitreous level of VASH2 was quantified by Luminex liquid suspension chip. Vector systems were applied in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) for VASH2 gene overexpression, along with interfering lentiviral vectors (VASH2-shRNA) for VASH2 gene silencing. Cell migration, autophagic flux, as well as the expression of α-tubulin, detyrosinated ⍺-tubulin, LC3 II/LC3 I, P62 were detected under normal, VASH2 overexpression, or interference conditions. The level of VASH2 in PDR patients was significantly higher (218.61 ± 30.14 pg/ml) than that in ERM/MH patients (80.78 ± 2.05 pg/ml) (P = 0.001). The migration ability of HRMECs was significantly increased in VASH2 overexpression group, while in the interfering group, the migration ability decreased. VASH2 increased the detyrosination of ⍺-tubulin. The high fluorescence intensity of autophagic flux showed an activation of autophagy in VASH2 overexpression group, which was also confirmed by the increase of LC3 II/LC3 I ratio and the decrease of P62. Collectively, the present study shows in PDR, vitreous level of VASH2 is higher. VASH2 promotes neovascularization by inducing autophagy, suggesting VASH2 could be a new anti-angiogenic drug target for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shanhu Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Elkady N, Allam DM. The Role of Galectin3, Tubulinβ, and Maspin in Promoting Tumor Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Clinical Implications. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:143-150. [PMID: 38251657 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the advances in surgical and therapeutic management, tumor metastases and poor prognosis are still major problems. Tumor budding is a relevant prognostic factor in CRC, and it can predict tumor metastasis. Galectin3 is responsible for the development and progression of many cancers through the regulation of cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions and tumor cell invasion. Tubulin is a microtubule protein, and maspin is a serine protease inhibitor; both induce tumor cell invasion through the stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the expression of galecin3, tubulinβ, and maspin in CRC and clinicopathological features, including tumor budding, their prognostic roles, and clinical implications using immunohistochemistry. Galectin3, tubulinβ, and maspin were detected in tumor cells in 95%, 65%, and 87.5% of cases and in stromal cells in 28.8%, 40%, and 0% of cases. High expression of galectin3 and tubulinβ expression either in tumor cells or stroma was significantly associated with aggressive tumor features such as lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, tumor budding, and advanced tumor stage. The nucleocytoplasmic expression of maspin in tumor cells showed a significant association with deeper tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor budding, and advanced tumor stage. Significant associations were found between high galectin3 tumor cell expression and nucleocytoplasmic maspin and shorter survival. High expression of galectin3, tubulinβ, and nucleocytoplasmic maspin were significantly associated with aggressive tumor features such as tumor invasion, metastasis, high tumor budding, and short survival in CRC. They could be used as biomarkers for tumor budding and tumor aggressiveness in CRC and may be considered for future target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Elkady
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
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Hüsnügil HH, Güleç Taşkıran AE, Güderer I, Nehri LN, Oral G, Menemenli NŞ, Özcan Ö, Noghreh A, Akyol A, Banerjee S. Lysosomal alkalinization in nutrient restricted cancer cells activates cytoskeletal rearrangement to enhance partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101860. [PMID: 38262111 PMCID: PMC10832471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutrient restriction in cancer cells can activate a number of stress response pathways for cell survival. We aimed to determine mechanistically how nutrient depletion in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells leads to cellular adaptation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell survival under nutrient depletion (ND) was evaluated by colony formation and in vivo tumor formation assays. Lysosomes are activated with ND; therefore, we incubated the ND cells with the V-ATPase inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (ND+Baf). The expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers with ND+Baf was determined by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR while motility was determined with an in vivo Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Reorganization of cytoskeletal network and lysosomal positioning was determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS 4 different colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines under ND showed high viability, tumor forming ability and increased expression of one or more epithelial and mesenchymal markers, suggesting the activation of partial (p)-EMT. We observed a further increase in p-EMT markers, numerous membrane protrusions, decreased cell-cell adhesion in 3D, and increased motility in ND+Baf cells. The protrusions in the ND+Baf cells were primarily mediated by microtubules and enabled the relocalization of lysosomes from the perinuclear region to the periphery. CONCLUSIONS ND activated p-EMT in CRC cells, which was exacerbated by lysosomal alkalinization. The ND+Baf cells also showed numerous protrusions containing lysosomes, which may lead to lysosomal exocytosis and enhanced motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hazal Hüsnügil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aliye Ezgi Güleç Taşkıran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Güderer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leman Nur Nehri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Göksu Oral
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Özün Özcan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ariana Noghreh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Akyol
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory CanSyL, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey.
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Nicot S, Gillard G, Impheng H, Joachimiak E, Urbach S, Mochizuki K, Wloga D, Juge F, Rogowski K. A family of carboxypeptidases catalyzing α- and β-tubulin tail processing and deglutamylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7838. [PMID: 37703372 PMCID: PMC10499314 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin posttranslational modifications represent an important mechanism involved in the regulation of microtubule functions. The most widespread among them are detyrosination, α∆2-tubulin, and polyglutamylation. Here, we describe a family of tubulin-modifying enzymes composed of two closely related proteins, KIAA0895L and KIAA0895, which have tubulin metallocarboxypeptidase activity and thus were termed TMCP1 and TMCP2, respectively. We show that TMCP1 (also known as MATCAP) acts as α-tubulin detyrosinase that also catalyzes α∆2-tubulin. In contrast, TMCP2 preferentially modifies βI-tubulin by removing three amino acids from its C terminus, generating previously unknown βI∆3 modification. We show that βI∆3-tubulin is mostly found on centrioles and mitotic spindles and in cilia. Moreover, we demonstrate that TMCPs also remove posttranslational polyglutamylation and thus act as tubulin deglutamylases. Together, our study describes the identification and comprehensive biochemical analysis of a previously unknown type of tubulin-modifying enzymes involved in the processing of α- and β-tubulin C-terminal tails and deglutamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nicot
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ghislain Gillard
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Hathaichanok Impheng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform (FPP), IGF, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Kazufumi Mochizuki
- Epigenetic Chromatin Regulation team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorota Wloga
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - François Juge
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Krzysztof Rogowski
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Vardas V, Ju JA, Christopoulou A, Xagara A, Georgoulias V, Kotsakis A, Alix-Panabières C, Martin SS, Kallergi G. Functional Analysis of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Using TetherChip Technology. Cells 2023; 12:1940. [PMID: 37566019 PMCID: PMC10416943 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, rather than the growth of the primary tumor, accounts for approximately 90% of breast cancer patient deaths. Microtentacles (McTNs) formation represents an important mechanism of metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapies. The present study aimed to isolate viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and functionally analyze them in response to drug treatment. CTCs from 20 TNBC patients were isolated and maintained in culture for 5 days. Biomarker expression was identified by immunofluorescence staining and VyCap analysis. Vinorelbine-induced apoptosis was evaluated based on the detection of M30-positive cells. Our findings revealed that the CTC absolute number significantly increased using TetherChips analysis compared to the number of CTCs in patients' cytospins (p = 0.006) providing enough tumor cells for drug evaluation. Vinorelbine treatment (1 h) on live CTCs led to a significant induction of apoptosis (p = 0.010). It also caused a significant reduction in Detyrosinated α-tubulin (GLU), programmed death ligand (PD-L1)-expressing CTCs (p < 0.001), and disruption of McTNs. In conclusion, this pilot study offers a useful protocol using TetherChip technology for functional analysis and evaluation of drug efficacy in live CTCs, providing important information for targeting metastatic dissemination at a patient-individualized level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Vardas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry/Metastatic Signaling, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Julia A. Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.A.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | | | - Anastasia Xagara
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.X.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.X.); (A.K.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.A.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry/Metastatic Signaling, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
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Lavrsen K, Rajendraprasad G, Leda M, Eibes S, Vitiello E, Katopodis V, Goryachev AB, Barisic M. Microtubule detyrosination drives symmetry breaking to polarize cells for directed cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300322120. [PMID: 37216553 PMCID: PMC10235987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300322120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To initiate directed movement, cells must become polarized, establishing a protrusive leading edge and a contractile trailing edge. This symmetry-breaking process involves reorganization of cytoskeleton and asymmetric distribution of regulatory molecules. However, what triggers and maintains this asymmetry during cell migration remains largely elusive. Here, we established a micropatterning-based 1D motility assay to investigate the molecular basis of symmetry breaking required for directed cell migration. We show that microtubule (MT) detyrosination drives cell polarization by directing kinesin-1-based transport of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein to cortical sites. This is essential for the formation of cell's leading edge during 1D and 3D cell migration. These data, combined with biophysical modeling, unveil a key role for MT detyrosination in the generation of a positive feedback loop linking MT dynamics and kinesin-1-based transport. Thus, symmetry breaking during cell polarization relies on a feedback loop driven by MT detyrosination that supports directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Lavrsen
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcin Leda
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisa Vitiello
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasileios Katopodis
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew B. Goryachev
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stemberger MB, Ju JA, Thompson KN, Mathias TJ, Jerrett AE, Chang KT, Ory EC, Annis DA, Mull ML, Gilchrist DE, Vitolo MI, Martin SS. Hydrogen Peroxide Induces α-Tubulin Detyrosination and Acetylation and Impacts Breast Cancer Metastatic Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1266. [PMID: 37174666 PMCID: PMC10177274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of hydrogen peroxide are highly elevated in the breast tumor microenvironment compared to normal tissue. Production of hydrogen peroxide is implicated in the mechanism of action of many anticancer therapies. Several lines of evidence suggest hydrogen peroxide mediates breast carcinogenesis and metastasis, though the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study elucidates the effects of exposure to elevated hydrogen peroxide on non-tumorigenic MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, tumorigenic MCF7 cells, and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Hydrogen peroxide treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent induction of two α-tubulin post-translational modifications-de-tyrosination and acetylation-both of which are markers of poor patient prognosis in breast cancer. Hydrogen peroxide induced the formation of tubulin-based microtentacles in MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells, which were enriched in detyrosinated and acetylated α-tubulin. However, the hydrogen peroxide-induced microtentacles did not functionally promote metastatic phenotypes of cellular reattachment and homotypic cell clustering. These data establish for the first time that microtentacle formation can be separated from the functions to promote reattachment and clustering, which indicates that there are functional steps that remain to be identified. Moreover, signals in the primary tumor microenvironment may modulate α-tubulin post-translational modifications and induce microtentacles; however, the functional consequences appear to be context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Stemberger
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Julia A. Ju
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Keyata N. Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Trevor J. Mathias
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Jerrett
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Katarina T. Chang
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eleanor C. Ory
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David A. Annis
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Human Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Makenzy L. Mull
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Darin E. Gilchrist
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michele I. Vitolo
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Human Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 18 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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12
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Lopes D, Seabra AL, Orr B, Maiato H. α-Tubulin detyrosination links the suppression of MCAK activity with taxol cytotoxicity. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213730. [PMID: 36459065 PMCID: PMC9723805 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
α/β-Tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs) generate microtubule diversity, but whether they account for cancer cell resistance to microtubule-targeting drugs remains unknown. Here, we performed a pilot dissection of the "cancer tubulin code" using the NCI-60 cancer cell panel. We found that acetylated, detyrosinated, and ∆2-α-tubulin that typically accumulate on stable microtubules were uncoupled in many cancer cells. Acetylated α-tubulin did not affect microtubule dynamics, whereas its levels correlated with, but were not required for, taxol-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, experimental increase of α-tubulin detyrosination, and/or depletion of the detyrosination-sensitive microtubule-depolymerizing enzyme MCAK, enhanced taxol-induced cytotoxicity by promoting cell death in mitosis and the subsequent interphase, without causing a cumulative effect. Interestingly, only increased detyrosinated α-tubulin aggravated taxol-induced spindle multipolarity. Overall, we identified high α-tubulin acetylation as a potential biomarker for cancer cell response to taxol and uncovered a mechanistic link between α-tubulin detyrosination and the suppression of MCAK activity in taxol-induced cytotoxicity, likely by promoting chromosome missegregation, regardless of spindle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Lopes
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre L Seabra
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Cell Division Group, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Ma Y, Li C, Jiang H, Zhao Y, Liu J, Yu Y, Wang Y, Shi W, Ma Z. OCT based four-dimensional cardiac imaging of a living chick embryo using an impedance signal as a gating for post-acquisition synchronization. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6595-6609. [PMID: 36589591 PMCID: PMC9774874 DOI: 10.1364/boe.476254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality with high spatial resolution suitable for early embryonic heart imaging. However, the most commonly used OCT systems cannot provide direct 4-D imaging due to acquisition speed limitations. We proposed a retrospective gating 4-D reconstruction method based on spectral domain OCT. A special circuit was designed to measure the impedance change of chick embryos in response to the heart beating. The impedance signal was acquired simultaneously with the OCT B-scan image sequence at several different locations along the heart. The impedance signal was used as a gating for 4-D reconstruction. The reconstruction algorithm includes cardiac period calculation, interpolation from multi-cardiac cycle image sequence into one cardiac cycle, and cardiac phase synchronization among the different locations of the heart. The synchronism of the impedance signal change with the heartbeat was verified. Using the proposed method, we reconstructed the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) of chick embryos at an early stage of development (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18). We showed that the reconstructed 4-D images correctly captured the dynamics of the OFT wall motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Ma
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 311 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Chuanxi Li
- Hangzhou Xinrui Medical Technology Co., Ltd, No. 22 Xinyan Road, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Huiwen Jiang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 311 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 311 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Zhenhe Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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14
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Li Y, Wang D, Ge H, Güngör C, Gong X, Chen Y. Cytoskeletal and Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins: Key Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1369. [PMID: 36355541 PMCID: PMC9698833 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells possessing stemness characteristics that are closely associated with tumor proliferation, recurrence and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have shown that different cytoskeletal components and remodeling processes have a profound impact on the behavior of CSCs. In this review, we outline the different cytoskeletal components regulating the properties of CSCs and discuss current and ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting the cytoskeleton. Given the many challenges currently faced in targeted cancer therapy, a deeper comprehension of the molecular events involved in the interaction of the cytoskeleton and CSCs will help us identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and ultimately improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heming Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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15
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Tension of plus-end tracking protein Clip170 confers directionality and aggressiveness during breast cancer migration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:856. [PMID: 36209218 PMCID: PMC9547975 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) plus-end binding protein Clip170 is associated closely with breast cancer invasion and migration. In this study, Clip170 tension observed by a newly designed cpstFRET tension probe was suggested to be positive related to breast cancer aggressiveness, which could be regulated by α-tubulin detyrosination-induced MT disassembly. Clip170 phosphorylation induced by Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK) could also increase its tension and promote the conversion of a discrete comet-like Clip-170 distribution into a spotty pattern during cancer metastasis. Heightened Clip170 tension was correlated with the formation of cortactin-associated filopodia and lamellipodia, and then promoted invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, Clip170 tension enhanced at the leading edge in directional migration, accompanying with IQGAP1 subcellular distribution variation. Our work indicates that the malignancy and directionality during breast cancer migration depend on the magnitude and polarization of Clip170 tension, and we suggest Clip170 tension as a new potential drug target for breast cancer therapy.
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16
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Shi Q, Liu C, Huo L, Tao Y, Zhang H. Silencing TUBB3 Expression Destroys the Tegument and Flame Cells of Echinococcus multilocularis Protoscoleces. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182471. [PMID: 36139331 PMCID: PMC9495074 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by infection with the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis, is a neglected tropical disease and zoonosis that causes remarkable morbidity in humans and has economic importance in the livestock industry worldwide. The growth of this parasite resembles the invasion and proliferation of malignant tumours. Microtubules, especially the β-tubulin subunit in the exposed end, are the targets of many antitumour drugs. However, the role of TUBB3, which is the most studied isotype in solid tumours and is also a marker of biological aggressiveness associated with the modulation of tumour metastatic abilities in the growth and development of platyhelminths, is unknown. In this study, protoscoleces (PSCs) are cultivated in monophasic medium in vitro. Using electroporated short interfering RNA (siRNA), EmTUBB3 knockdown was performed with two EmTUBB3-specific siRNAs (siRNA-1 and siRNA-2). qRT–PCR was performed to detect the expression of TUBB3. PSCs viability and the evagination rate and number of body contractions were quantified under a light microscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the ultra-morphological changes of the parasites. After siRNA interference, the EmTUBB3 expression in E. multilocularis PSCs was significantly reduced. Reduced viability, a decreased evagination rate and a decreased number of body contractions were also documented. In particular, shrinkage and roughness of the tegument were observed. Ultrastructural changes included marked damage to flame cells, cracked cilia structures enclosed in the cell body and ruptured microtubule structures. EmTUBB3 possibly plays a crucial role in tegument and flame cell integrity in E. multilocularis PSCs. Novel drugs targeting this specific beta-tubulin isotype in E. multilocularis are potential methods for disease control and deserve further attention.
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17
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Lafanechère L. The microtubule cytoskeleton: An old validated target for novel therapeutic drugs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969183. [PMID: 36188585 PMCID: PMC9521402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds targeting microtubules are widely used in cancer therapy with a proven efficacy. However, because they also target non-cancerous cells, their administration leads to numerous adverse effects. With the advancement of knowledge on the structure of tubulin, the regulation of microtubule dynamics and their deregulation in pathological processes, new therapeutic strategies are emerging, both for the treatment of cancer and for other diseases, such as neuronal or even heart diseases and parasite infections. In addition, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of well-known drugs such as colchicine or certain kinase inhibitors contributes to the development of these new therapeutic approaches. Nowadays, chemists and biologists are working jointly to select drugs which target the microtubule cytoskeleton and have improved properties. On the basis of a few examples this review attempts to depict the panorama of these recent advances.
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18
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Beyond Genetics: Metastasis as an Adaptive Response in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116271. [PMID: 35682953 PMCID: PMC9181003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease represents the primary cause of breast cancer (BC) mortality, yet it is still one of the most enigmatic processes in the biology of this tumor. Metastatic progression includes distinct phases: invasion, intravasation, hematogenous dissemination, extravasation and seeding at distant sites, micro-metastasis formation and metastatic outgrowth. Whole-genome sequencing analyses of primary BC and metastases revealed that BC metastatization is a non-genetically selected trait, rather the result of transcriptional and metabolic adaptation to the unfavorable microenvironmental conditions which cancer cells are exposed to (e.g., hypoxia, low nutrients, endoplasmic reticulum stress and chemotherapy administration). In this regard, the latest multi-omics analyses unveiled intra-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity, which determines the polyclonal nature of breast tumors and constitutes a challenge for clinicians, correlating with patient poor prognosis. The present work reviews BC classification and epidemiology, focusing on the impact of metastatic disease on patient prognosis and survival, while describing general principles and current in vitro/in vivo models of the BC metastatic cascade. The authors address here both genetic and phenotypic intrinsic heterogeneity of breast tumors, reporting the latest studies that support the role of the latter in metastatic spreading. Finally, the review illustrates the mechanisms underlying adaptive stress responses during BC metastatic progression.
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19
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Anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity of the FGF2 118-126 fragment dependent on the loop structure. Biochem J 2022; 479:1285-1302. [PMID: 35638868 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor /FGF Receptor 1 (FGF2/FGFR1) system regulates the growth and metastasis of different cancers. Inhibition of this signaling pathway is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here, we aimed to reproduce the 118-126 fragment of FGF2 to interfere with the FGF2-FGFR1 interaction. To determine whether the loop structure affects the function of this fragment, we compared cyclic (disulfide-bonded) and linear peptide variants. The cyclic peptide (referred to as BGF1) effectively inhibited the FGF2-induced proliferation of HUVECs, 4T1 mammary carcinoma, U87 glioblastoma, and SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells. It led to apoptosis induction in HUVECs, whereas the linear peptide (referred to as BGF2) was ineffective. In a murine 4T1 tumor model, BGF1 inhibited tumor growth more effectively than Avastin and increased animals' survival without causing weight loss, but the linear peptide BGF2 had no significant anti-tumor effects. According to immunohistochemical studies, the anti-tumor properties of BGF1 were associated with suppression of tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67 expression), angiogenesis (CD31 expression), and apoptosis induction (as was shown by increased p53 expression and TUNEL staining and decreased Bcl-2 expression). The potential of BGF1 to suppress tumor invasion was indicated by quantitative analysis of the metastasis-related proteins, including FGFR1, pFGFR1, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, MMP-9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, and supported by small animal positron emission tomography (PET) used 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). These results demonstrate that the functional properties of the 118-126 region of FGF2 depend on the loop structure and the peptide derived from this fragment encourages further preclinical investigations.
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20
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Mathias TJ, Ju JA, Lee RM, Thompson KN, Mull ML, Annis DA, Chang KT, Ory EC, Stemberger MB, Hotta T, Ohi R, Vitolo MI, Moutin MJ, Martin SS. Tubulin Carboxypeptidase Activity Promotes Focal Gelatin Degradation in Breast Tumor Cells and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Epithelial Cells That Is Overcome by Oncogenic Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1707. [PMID: 35406479 PMCID: PMC8996877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the microtubule network impart differential functions across normal cell types and their cancerous counterparts. The removal of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin (deTyr-Tub) as performed by the tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCP) is of particular interest in breast epithelial and breast cancer cells. The recent discovery of the genetic identity of the TCP to be a vasohibin (VASH1/2) coupled with a small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) allows for the functional effect of this tubulin PTM to be directly tested for the first time. Our studies revealed the immortalized breast epithelial cell line MCF10A undergoes apoptosis following transfection with TCP constructs, but the addition of oncogenic KRas or Bcl-2/Bcl-xL overexpression prevents subsequent apoptotic induction in the MCF10A background. Functionally, an increase in deTyr-Tub via TCP transfection in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t breast cancer cells leads to enhanced focal gelatin degradation. Given the elevated deTyr-Tub at invasive tumor fronts and the correlation with poor breast cancer survival, these new discoveries help clarify how the TCP synergizes with oncogene activation, increases focal gelatin degradation, and may correspond to increased tumor cell invasion. These connections could inform more specific microtubule-directed therapies to target deTyr-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Mathias
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Julia A. Ju
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rachel M. Lee
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Keyata N. Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Makenzy L. Mull
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David A. Annis
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Human Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Katarina T. Chang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eleanor C. Ory
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Megan B. Stemberger
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Takashi Hotta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (T.H.); (R.O.)
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (T.H.); (R.O.)
| | - Michele I. Vitolo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.J.M.); (J.A.J.); (R.M.L.); (K.N.T.); (M.L.M.); (D.A.A.); (K.T.C.); (E.C.O.); (M.B.S.); (M.I.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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21
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Boukouris AE, Zhang Y, Saleme B, Kinnaird A, Zhao YY, Liu Y, Zervopoulos SD, Das SK, Mittal RD, Haromy A, Lorenzana-Carrillo MA, Krysler AR, Cromwell CR, Hubbard BP, Sutendra G, Michelakis ED. A reversible metabolic stress-sensitive regulation of CRMP2A orchestrates EMT/stemness and increases metastatic potential in cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110511. [PMID: 35294884 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype with cancer stem cell-like properties is a critical feature of aggressive/metastatic tumors, but the mechanism(s) that promote it and its relation to metabolic stress remain unknown. Here we show that Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2A (CRMP2A) is unexpectedly and reversibly induced in cancer cells in response to multiple metabolic stresses, including low glucose and hypoxia, and inhibits EMT/stemness. Loss of CRMP2A, when metabolic stress decreases (e.g., around blood vessels in vivo) or by gene deletion, induces extensive microtubule remodeling, increased glutamine utilization toward pyrimidine synthesis, and an EMT/stemness phenotype with increased migration, chemoresistance, tumor initiation capacity/growth, and metastatic potential. In a cohort of 27 prostate cancer patients with biopsies from primary tumors and distant metastases, CRMP2A expression decreases in the metastatic versus primary tumors. CRMP2A is an endogenous molecular brake on cancer EMT/stemness and its loss increases the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Subhash K Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rohan D Mittal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alois Haromy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Amanda R Krysler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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22
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Thompson KN, Ju JA, Ory EC, Pratt SJP, Lee RM, Mathias TJ, Chang KT, Lee CJ, Goloubeva OG, Bailey PC, Chakrabarti KR, Jewell CM, Vitolo MI, Martin SS. Microtubule disruption reduces metastasis more effectively than primary tumor growth. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:13. [PMID: 35164808 PMCID: PMC8842877 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical cancer imaging focuses on tumor growth rather than metastatic phenotypes. The microtubule-depolymerizing drug, Vinorelbine, reduced the metastatic phenotypes of microtentacles, reattachment and tumor cell clustering more than tumor cell viability. Treating mice with Vinorelbine for only 24 h had no significant effect on primary tumor survival, but median metastatic tumor survival was extended from 8 to 30 weeks. Microtentacle inhibition by Vinorelbine was also detectable within 1 h, using tumor cells isolated from blood samples. As few as 11 tumor cells were sufficient to yield 90% power to detect this 1 h Vinorelbine drug response, demonstrating feasibility with the small number of tumor cells available from patient biopsies. This study establishes a proof-of-concept that targeted microtubule disruption can selectively inhibit metastasis and reveals that existing FDA-approved therapies could have anti-metastatic actions that are currently overlooked when focusing exclusively on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyata N Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Julia A Ju
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Eleanor C Ory
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stephen J P Pratt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel M Lee
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Trevor J Mathias
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, USA
| | - Katarina T Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cornell J Lee
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Olga G Goloubeva
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristi R Chakrabarti
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, Rm 10-029, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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23
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Greaves D, Calle Y. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Associated Invasive Adhesions in Solid and Haematological Tumours. Cells 2022; 11:649. [PMID: 35203300 PMCID: PMC8869945 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumours, cancer cells that undergo epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) express characteristic gene expression signatures that promote invasive migration as well as the development of stemness, immunosuppression and drug/radiotherapy resistance, contributing to the formation of currently untreatable metastatic tumours. The cancer traits associated with EMT can be controlled by the signalling nodes at characteristic adhesion sites (focal contacts, invadopodia and microtentacles) where the regulation of cell migration, cell cycle progression and pro-survival signalling converge. In haematological tumours, ample evidence accumulated during the last decade indicates that the development of an EMT-like phenotype is indicative of poor disease prognosis. However, this EMT phenotype has not been directly linked to the assembly of specific forms of adhesions. In the current review we discuss the role of EMT in haematological malignancies and examine its possible link with the progression towards more invasive and aggressive forms of these tumours. We also review the known types of adhesions formed by haematological malignancies and speculate on their possible connection with the EMT phenotype. We postulate that understanding the architecture and regulation of EMT-related adhesions will lead to the discovery of new therapeutic interventions to overcome disease progression and resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life Sciences and Health, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
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24
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Reader JC, Fan C, Ory ECH, Ju J, Lee R, Vitolo MI, Smith P, Wu S, Ching MMN, Asiedu EB, Jewell CM, Rao GG, Fulton A, Webb TJ, Yang P, Santin AD, Huang HC, Martin SS, Roque DM. Microtentacle Formation in Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:800. [PMID: 35159067 PMCID: PMC8834106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of chemoresistance to paclitaxel and carboplatin represents a major therapeutic challenge in ovarian cancer, a disease frequently characterized by malignant ascites and extrapelvic metastasis. Microtentacles (McTNs) are tubulin-based projections observed in detached breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether ovarian cancers exhibit McTNs and characterized McTN biology. METHODS We used an established lipid-tethering mechanism to suspend and image individual cancer cells. We queried a panel of immortalized serous (OSC) and clear cell (OCCC) cell lines as well as freshly procured ascites and human ovarian surface epithelium (HOSE). We assessed by Western blot β-tubulin isotype, α-tubulin post-translational modifications and actin regulatory proteins in attached/detached states. We studied clustering in suspended conditions. Effects of treatment with microtubule depolymerizing and stabilizing drugs were described. RESULTS Among cell lines, up to 30% of cells expressed McTNs. Four McTN morphologies (absent, symmetric-short, symmetric-long, tufted) were observed in immortalized cultures as well as ascites. McTN number/length varied with histology according to metastatic potential. Most OCCC overexpressed class III ß-tubulin. OCCC/OSC cell lines exhibited a trend towards more microtubule-stabilizing post-translational modifications of α-tubulin relative to HOSE. Microtubule depolymerizing drugs decreased the number/length of McTNs, confirming that McTNs are composed of tubulin. Cells that failed to form McTNs demonstrated differential expression of α-tubulin- and actin-regulating proteins relative to cells that form McTNs. Cluster formation is more susceptible to microtubule targeting agents in cells that form McTNs, suggesting a role for McTNs in aggregation. CONCLUSIONS McTNs likely participate in key aspects of ovarian cancer metastasis. McTNs represent a new therapeutic target for this disease that could refine therapies, including intraperitoneal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn C. Reader
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.N.C.); (G.G.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Cong Fan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.N.C.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Eleanor Claire-Higgins Ory
- Department of Physiology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.C.-H.O.); (J.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Julia Ju
- Department of Physiology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.C.-H.O.); (J.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Physiology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.C.-H.O.); (J.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Michele I. Vitolo
- Department of Pharmacology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.I.V.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Paige Smith
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.N.C.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Sulan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA;
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mc Millan Nicol Ching
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.N.C.); (G.G.R.)
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Cancer Imaging, Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emmanuel B. Asiedu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.B.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.-C.H.)
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Gautam G. Rao
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.N.C.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Amy Fulton
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tonya J. Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.B.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.M.J.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.I.V.); (S.S.M.)
- Department of Pathology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.N.C.); (G.G.R.)
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25
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Katsarou SD, Messaritakis I, Voumvouraki A, Kakavogiannis S, Κotsakis A, Alkahtani S, Stournaras C, Martin SS, Georgoulias V, Kallergi G. Detyrosinated α-Tubulin, Vimentin and PD-L1 in Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) Isolated from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020154. [PMID: 35207643 PMCID: PMC8875112 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of Vimentin (VIM), alpha-Tubulin (TUB) and Detyrosinated tubulin (GLU) in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from breast cancer patients is related to poor prognosis. In the current study we evaluated for the first time, these cytoskeletal proteins in sixty Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients’ CTCs (33 treatment-naïve and 27 pre-treated). Samples were isolated using the ISET platform and stained with a pancytokeratin (CK)/CD45/TUB, CK/GLU/VIM and CK/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combination of antibodies. Subsequently, slides were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. CTCs were detected in 86.7% of the patients. CTCs with TUB expression were identified in 65.4% (34/52) of the CK (+)-patients. GLU, VIM and PD-L1 were also evaluated. The frequency of the observed phenotypes was as follow: (CK+/GLU−/VIM−): 35.2%, (CK+/GLU+/VIM+): 63.0%, (CK+/GLU+/VIM−): 16.7%, (CK+/GLU−/VIM+): 72.2%, (CK+/PD-L1−): 75% and (CK+/PD-L1+): 55%. The OS was significantly decreased in patients with high GLU (3.8 vs. 7.9 months; p = 0.018) and/or high VIM (3.2 vs. 7.1 months; p = 0.029) expression in their CTCs. PD-L1 was also related to OS (3.4 vs. 7.21 months; p = 0.035). Moreover, TUB-high and TUB-low expression in CTCs inversely influenced patients’ OS as independent prognostic factors (p = 0.041 and p = 0.009). The current study revealed that TUB, GLU, VIM and PD-L1 were overexpressed in CTCs from NSCLC patients. Furthermore, the presence of GLU, VIM-positive and PD-L1 in CTCs is potentially related to patients’ outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula D. Katsarou
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.D.K.); (S.K.)
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Voumvouraki
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Stavros Kakavogiannis
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.D.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Athanasios Κotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larisa, 41334 Larisa, Greece;
- Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG), 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | | | - Galatea Kallergi
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.D.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26-1096-9248
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26
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Trisciuoglio D, Degrassi F. The Tubulin Code and Tubulin-Modifying Enzymes in Autophagy and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010006. [PMID: 35008169 PMCID: PMC8750717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microtubules are tubulin polymers that constitute the structure of eukaryotic cells. They control different cell functions that are often deregulated in cancer, such as cell shape, cell motility and the intracellular movement of organelles. Here, we focus on the crucial role of tubulin modifications in determining different cancer characteristics, including metastatic cell migration and therapy resistance. We also discuss the influence of microtubule modifications on the autophagic process—the cellular degradation pathway that influences cancer growth. We discuss findings showing that inducing microtubule modifications can be used as a means to kill cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy. Abstract Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule dynamic instability together with the “tubulin code” generated by the choice of different α- and β- tubulin isoforms and tubulin post-translational modifications have essential roles in the control of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell shape, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking, that are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss available evidence that highlights the crucial role of the tubulin code in determining different cancer phenotypes, including metastatic cell migration, drug resistance, and tumor vascularization, and the influence of modulating tubulin-modifying enzymes on cancer cell survival and aggressiveness. We will also discuss the role of post-translationally modified microtubules in autophagy—the lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation pathway—that exerts a dual role in many cancer types, either promoting or suppressing cancer growth. We will give particular emphasis to the role of tubulin post-translational modifications and their regulating enzymes in controlling the different stages of the autophagic process in cancer cells, and consider how the experimental modulation of tubulin-modifying enzymes influences the autophagic process in cancer cells and impacts on cancer cell survival and thereby represents a new and fruitful avenue in cancer therapy.
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27
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Li P, Chen Y, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Chen X, Li T, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Li L, Qin X, Liu Y. Notch-1 signaling promotes reattachment of suspended cancer cells by cdc42-dependent microtentacles formation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4894-4908. [PMID: 34582616 PMCID: PMC8645759 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with a higher risk of metastasis in tumor patients. The adhesion and arrest of CTCs at a secondary site is an essential prerequisite for the occurrence of tumor metastasis. CTC reattachment has shown to be dependent on microtentacle (McTN) formation in vivo. However, the specific molecular mechanism of McTN formation in suspended cancer cells remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the activation of Notch-1 signaling triggers McTN formation to facilitate cell reattachment in suspended cell culture conditions. Moreover, molecular mechanistic studies revealed that McTN formation is governed by the balance between microtubule-driven outgrowth and actomyosin-driven cell contractility. The activation of Notch-1 downregulates the acetylation level of microtubules via the Cdc42/HDAC6 pathway, which contributes to microtubule polymerization. Simultaneously, Notch-1 signaling-induced Cdc42 activation also reduced phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain, leading to cell contractility attenuation. Altogether, these results defined a novel mechanism by which Notch-1 signaling disturbs the balance between the expansion of microtubules and contraction of the cortical actin, which promotes McTN formation and cell reattachment. Our findings provide a new perspective on the effective therapeutic target to prevent CTC reattachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueting Peng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanying Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen J, Kholina E, Szyk A, Fedorov VA, Kovalenko I, Gudimchuk N, Roll-Mecak A. α-tubulin tail modifications regulate microtubule stability through selective effector recruitment, not changes in intrinsic polymer dynamics. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2016-2028.e4. [PMID: 34022132 PMCID: PMC8476856 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are non-covalent polymers of αβ-tubulin dimers. Posttranslational processing of the intrinsically disordered C-terminal α-tubulin tail produces detyrosinated and Δ2-tubulin. Although these are widely employed as proxies for stable cellular microtubules, their effect (and of the α-tail) on microtubule dynamics remains uncharacterized. Using recombinant, engineered human tubulins, we now find that neither detyrosinated nor Δ2-tubulin affect microtubule dynamics, while the α-tubulin tail is an inhibitor of microtubule growth. Consistent with the latter, molecular dynamics simulations show the α-tubulin tail transiently occluding the longitudinal microtubule polymerization interface. The marked differential in vivo stabilities of the modified microtubule subpopulations, therefore, must result exclusively from selective effector recruitment. We find that tyrosination quantitatively tunes CLIP-170 density at the growing plus end and that CLIP170 and EB1 synergize to selectively upregulate the dynamicity of tyrosinated microtubules. Modification-dependent recruitment of regulators thereby results in microtubule subpopulations with distinct dynamics, a tenet of the tubulin code hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ekaterina Kholina
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Agnieszka Szyk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir A Fedorov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan 414056, Russia; Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita Gudimchuk
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Datta A, Deng S, Gopal V, Yap KCH, Halim CE, Lye ML, Ong MS, Tan TZ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Insights into Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1882. [PMID: 33919917 PMCID: PMC8070945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, a vital cellular process during metastasis is the transformation of epithelial cells towards motile mesenchymal cells called the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The cytoskeleton is an active network of three intracellular filaments: actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These filaments play a central role in the structural design and cell behavior and are necessary for EMT. During EMT, epithelial cells undergo a cellular transformation as manifested by cell elongation, migration, and invasion, coordinated by actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The actin cytoskeleton is an extremely dynamic structure, controlled by a balance of assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Actin-binding proteins regulate the process of actin polymerization and depolymerization. Microtubule reorganization also plays an important role in cell migration and polarization. Intermediate filaments are rearranged, switching to a vimentin-rich network, and this protein is used as a marker for a mesenchymal cell. Hence, targeting EMT by regulating the activities of their key components may be a potential solution to metastasis. This review summarizes the research done on the physiological functions of the cytoskeleton, its role in the EMT process, and its effect on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells-highlight some future perspectives in cancer therapy by targeting cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Datta
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Vennila Gopal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Kenneth Chun-Hong Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mun Leng Lye
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Sakai M, Yoshimura R. Mechanotransduction-Targeting Drugs Attenuate Stiffness-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:416-421. [PMID: 33328427 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In hepatitis, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) produce collagens, causing liver fibrosis. Microenvironmental stiffness is a known trigger of HSC activation and is communicated through mechanotransduction. Cell proliferation, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type Iα (Col1α) are indicative of activated HSCs. We hypothesized that certain compounds could interfere with the HSC's recognition of microenvironmental stiffness by blocking cell adhesion signaling. To verify the potential of mechanotransduction, and in particular of focal adhesion proteins, as liver fibrosis drug targets, we evaluated existing drugs. We examined the effects of the integrin antagonist, BS-1417; the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor, defactinib; the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, roscovitine; and two microtubule modulators, paclitaxel and colchicine, on stiffness-induced HSC activation. To determine the extent of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) participation in mechanotransduction, we measured gene expression levels of α-SMA and Col1α. We also measured ATP levels to determine cell number. Results revealed that interestingly, although TGF-β did not show additional HSC activation after stiffness stimulation, the TGF-β receptor inhibitor, SB525334, markedly suppressed stiffness-induced α-SMA and Col1α mRNA expression. BS-1417, roscovitine, defactinib and colchicine suppressed α-SMA and Col1α mRNA expression as well as the number of HSCs. Paclitaxel also suppressed stiffness-induced α-SMA mRNA expression and the number of HSCs, but mildly reduced that of Col1α mRNA. Together, these results show that an integrin antagonist and mechanotransduction-targeting drugs reduced stiffness-induced HSC activation in a dose-dependent fashion. The targeting of focal adhesion proteins involved in mechanotransduction is promising in liver fibrosis drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Sakai
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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Abstract
Simple Summary Cell migration is an essential process from embryogenesis to cell death. This is tightly regulated by numerous proteins that help in proper functioning of the cell. In diseases like cancer, this process is deregulated and helps in the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary site to secondary sites initiating the process of metastasis. For metastasis to be efficient, cytoskeletal components like actin, myosin, and intermediate filaments and their associated proteins should co-ordinate in an orderly fashion leading to the formation of many cellular protrusions-like lamellipodia and filopodia and invadopodia. Knowledge of this process is the key to control metastasis of cancer cells that leads to death in 90% of the patients. The focus of this review is giving an overall understanding of these process, concentrating on the changes in protein association and regulation and how the tumor cells use it to their advantage. Since the expression of cytoskeletal proteins can be directly related to the degree of malignancy, knowledge about these proteins will provide powerful tools to improve both cancer prognosis and treatment. Abstract Successful metastasis depends on cell invasion, migration, host immune escape, extravasation, and angiogenesis. The process of cell invasion and migration relies on the dynamic changes taking place in the cytoskeletal components; actin, tubulin and intermediate filaments. This is possible due to the plasticity of the cytoskeleton and coordinated action of all the three, is crucial for the process of metastasis from the primary site. Changes in cellular architecture by internal clues will affect the cell functions leading to the formation of different protrusions like lamellipodia, filopodia, and invadopodia that help in cell migration eventually leading to metastasis, which is life threatening than the formation of neoplasms. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved, will give a better insight of the changes during metastasis, which will eventually help targeting proteins for treatment resulting in reduced mortality and longer survival.
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Lopes D, Maiato H. The Tubulin Code in Mitosis and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112356. [PMID: 33114575 PMCID: PMC7692294 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The “tubulin code” combines different α/β-tubulin isotypes with several post-translational modifications (PTMs) to generate microtubule diversity in cells. During cell division, specific microtubule populations in the mitotic spindle are differentially modified, but only recently, the functional significance of the tubulin code, with particular emphasis on the role specified by tubulin PTMs, started to be elucidated. This is the case of α-tubulin detyrosination, which was shown to guide chromosomes during congression to the metaphase plate and allow the discrimination of mitotic errors, whose correction is required to prevent chromosomal instability—a hallmark of human cancers implicated in tumor evolution and metastasis. Although alterations in the expression of certain tubulin isotypes and associated PTMs have been reported in human cancers, it remains unclear whether and how the tubulin code has any functional implications for cancer cell properties. Here, we review the role of the tubulin code in chromosome segregation during mitosis and how it impacts cancer cell properties. In this context, we discuss the existence of an emerging “cancer tubulin code” and the respective implications for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Lopes
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-040-8800
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Pratt SJP, Lee RM, Chang KT, Hernández-Ochoa EO, Annis DA, Ory EC, Thompson KN, Bailey PC, Mathias TJ, Ju JA, Vitolo MI, Schneider MF, Stains JP, Ward CW, Martin SS. Mechanoactivation of NOX2-generated ROS elicits persistent TRPM8 Ca 2+ signals that are inhibited by oncogenic KRas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26008-26019. [PMID: 33020304 PMCID: PMC7584994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009495117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the mechanical microenvironment and mechanical signals are observed during tumor progression, malignant transformation, and metastasis. In this context, understanding the molecular details of mechanotransduction signaling may provide unique therapeutic targets. Here, we report that normal breast epithelial cells are mechanically sensitive, responding to transient mechanical stimuli through a two-part calcium signaling mechanism. We observed an immediate, robust rise in intracellular calcium (within seconds) followed by a persistent extracellular calcium influx (up to 30 min). This persistent calcium was sustained via microtubule-dependent mechanoactivation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which acted on transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) channels to prolong calcium signaling. In contrast, the introduction of a constitutively active oncogenic KRas mutation inhibited the magnitude of initial calcium signaling and severely blunted persistent calcium influx. The identification that oncogenic KRas suppresses mechanically-induced calcium at the level of ROS provides a mechanism for how KRas could alter cell responses to tumor microenvironment mechanics and may reveal chemotherapeutic targets for cancer. Moreover, we find that expression changes in both NOX2 and TRPM8 mRNA predict poor clinical outcome in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients, a population with limited available treatment options. The clinical and mechanistic data demonstrating disruption of this mechanically-activated calcium pathway in breast cancer patients and by KRas activation reveal signaling alterations that could influence cancer cell responses to the tumor mechanical microenvironment and impact patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J P Pratt
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Rachel M Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Katarina T Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Erick O Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - David A Annis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Eleanor C Ory
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Keyata N Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Patrick C Bailey
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Trevor J Mathias
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Julia A Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Arnold J, Schattschneider J, Blechner C, Krisp C, Schlüter H, Schweizer M, Nalaskowski M, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Windhorst S. Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like 4 (TTLL4) overexpression in breast cancer cells is associated with brain metastasis and alters exosome biogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:205. [PMID: 32998758 PMCID: PMC7528497 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate is poor in breast cancer patients with brain metastases. Thus, new concepts for therapeutic approaches are required. During metastasis, the cytoskeleton of cancer cells is highly dynamic and therefore cytoskeleton-associated proteins are interesting targets for tumour therapy. METHODS Screening for genes showing a significant correlation with brain metastasis formation was performed based on microarray data from breast cancer patients with long-term follow up information. Validation of the most interesting target was performed by MTT-, Scratch- and Transwell-assay. In addition, intracellular trafficking was analyzed by live-cell imaging for secretory vesicles, early endosomes and multiple vesicular bodies (MVB) generating extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blotting, mass spectrometry, and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Effect of EVs on the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) was examined by incubating endothelial cells of the BBB (hCMEC/D3) with EVs, and permeability as well as adhesion of breast cancer cells were analyzed. Clinical data of a breast cancer cohort was evaluated by χ2-tests, Kaplan-Meier-Analysis, and log-rank tests while for experimental data Student's T-test was performed. RESULTS Among those genes exhibiting a significant association with cerebral metastasis development, the only gene coding for a cytoskeleton-associated protein was Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like 4 (TTLL4). Overexpression of TTLL4 (TTLL4plus) in MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 breast cancer cells (TTLL4plus cells) significantly increased polyglutamylation of β-tubulin. Moreover, trafficking of secretory vesicles and MVBs was increased in TTLL4plus cells. EVs derived from TTLL4plus cells promote adhesion of MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 cells to hCMEC/D3 cells and increase permeability of hCMEC/D3 cell layer. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TTLL4-mediated microtubule polyglutamylation alters exosome homeostasis by regulating trafficking of MVBs. The TTLL4plus-derived EVs may provide a pre-metastatic niche for breast cancer cells by manipulating endothelial cells of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliana Schattschneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Blechner
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Core Facility Morphology und Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Nalaskowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Transcriptomic profiles of the ovaries from piglets neonatally exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol. Theriogenology 2020; 153:102-111. [PMID: 32450468 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The environmental pollutants with hormonal activities may influence steroid-mediated processes in neonatal ovaries and increase the incidence of reproductive disorders. The aim of the current study was to examine effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), a non-ionic surfactant widely used in a variety of industrial applications which has been reported to mimic the 17β-estradiol activity, on the expression of protein-coding (mRNAs) and long non-coding (lncRNAs) transcripts in neonatal ovaries of the pig. By employing RNA-Seq we aimed to gain insights into regulatory networks underlying the OP effects on the follicular development in pigs. Piglets were injected (sc) daily with OP (100 mg/kg bw) or corn oil (controls) between postnatal Days 1 and 10 (n = 3/group). Ovaries were excised from the 11-day-old piglets and total cellular RNA was isolated and sequenced. Two hundred three differentially expressed genes (DEGs; P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥1.0) and 23 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs; P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥ 1.0) were identified in OP-treated piglet ovaries. The DEGs were assigned to Gene Ontology terms, covering biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components, which linked the DEGs to functions associated with movement of cell or subcellular component, regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly as well as hydrolase and endopeptidase activity. In addition, STRING analysis demonstrated the strongest interactions between genes related to negative regulation of endopeptidase activity. Some correlations between DEGs and DELs were also found, revealing that the OP action on the ovary may be partially executed via the changes in the lncRNA expression. These results suggest that neonatal exposure of pigs to OP induces changes in the ovarian transcriptomic profile associated with genes encoding serine protease inhibitors and involved in steroid synthesis as well as genes linked to intracellular and membrane transport. We suggest that the changes in the mRNA and lncRNA expression in the ovaries of OP-treated piglets may disturb ovarian cellular function, including steroidogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis.
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Ju JA, Lee CJ, Thompson KN, Ory EC, Lee RM, Mathias TJ, Pratt SJP, Vitolo MI, Jewell CM, Martin SS. Partial thermal imidization of polyelectrolyte multilayer cell tethering surfaces (TetherChip) enables efficient cell capture and microtentacle fixation for circulating tumor cell analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2872-2888. [PMID: 32744284 PMCID: PMC7595763 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The technical challenges of imaging non-adherent tumor cells pose a critical barrier to understanding tumor cell responses to the non-adherent microenvironments of metastasis, like the bloodstream or lymphatics. In this study, we optimized a microfluidic device (TetherChip) engineered to prevent cell adhesion with an optically-clear, thermal-crosslinked polyelectrolyte multilayer nanosurface and a terminal lipid layer that simultaneously tethers the cell membrane for improved spatial immobilization. Thermal imidization of the TetherChip nanosurface on commercially-available microfluidic slides allows up to 98% of tumor cell capture by the lipid tethers. Importantly, time-lapse microscopy demonstrates that unique microtentacles on non-adherent tumor cells are rapidly destroyed during chemical fixation, but tethering microtentacles to the TetherChip surface efficiently preserves microtentacle structure post-fixation and post-blood isolation. TetherChips remain stable for more than 6 months, enabling shipment to distant sites. The broad retention capability of TetherChips allows comparison of multiple tumor cell types, revealing for the first time that carcinomas beyond breast cancer form microtentacles in suspension. Direct integration of TetherChips into the Vortex VTX-1 CTC isolation instrument shows that live CTCs from blood samples are efficiently captured on TetherChips for rapid fixation and same-day immunofluorescence analysis. Highly efficient and unbiased label-free capture of CTCs on a surface that allows rapid chemical fixation also establishes a streamlined clinical workflow to stabilize patient tumor cell samples and minimize analytical variables. While current studies focus primarily on CTC enumeration, this microfluidic device provides a novel platform for functional phenotype testing in CTCs with the ultimate goal of identifying anti-metastatic, patient-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Ju
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W, Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Borys F, Joachimiak E, Krawczyk H, Fabczak H. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Microtubule Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E3705. [PMID: 32823874 PMCID: PMC7464520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), highly dynamic structures composed of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cell movement and intracellular traffic and are essential for cell division. Within the cell, MTs are not uniform as they can be composed of different tubulin isotypes that are post-translationally modified and interact with different microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). These diverse intrinsic factors influence the dynamics of MTs. Extrinsic factors such as microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) can also affect MT dynamics. MTAs can be divided into two main categories: microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) and microtubule-destabilizing agents (MDAs). Thus, the MT skeleton is an important target for anticancer therapy. This review discusses factors that determine the microtubule dynamics in normal and cancer cells and describes microtubule-MTA interactions, highlighting the importance of tubulin isoform diversity and post-translational modifications in MTA responses and the consequences of such a phenomenon, including drug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Borys
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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38
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Roll-Mecak A. The Tubulin Code in Microtubule Dynamics and Information Encoding. Dev Cell 2020; 54:7-20. [PMID: 32634400 PMCID: PMC11042690 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are non-covalent mesoscale polymers central to the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubule structure, dynamics, and mechanics are modulated by a cell's choice of tubulin isoforms and post-translational modifications, a "tubulin code," which is thought to support the diverse morphology and dynamics of microtubule arrays across various cell types, cell cycle, and developmental stages. We give a brief historical overview of research into tubulin diversity and highlight recent progress toward uncovering the mechanistic underpinnings of the tubulin code. As a large number of essential pathways converge upon the microtubule cytoskeleton, understanding how cells utilize tubulin diversity is crucial to understanding cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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39
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Kong D, Hughes CJ, Ford HL. Cellular Plasticity in Breast Cancer Progression and Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:72. [PMID: 32391382 PMCID: PMC7194153 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease among women, with the majority of mortality being attributable to metastatic disease. Thus, even with improved early screening and more targeted treatments which may enable better detection and control of early disease progression, metastatic disease remains a significant problem. While targeted therapies exist for breast cancer patients with particular subtypes of the disease (Her2+ and ER/PR+), even in these subtypes the therapies are often not efficacious once the patient's tumor metastasizes. Increases in stemness or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary breast cancer cells lead to enhanced plasticity, enabling tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and distant metastatic spread. Numerous signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K, STAT3, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch, amongst others, play a critical role in maintaining cell plasticity in breast cancer. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate breast cancer cell plasticity is essential for understanding the biology of breast cancer progression and for developing novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for targeting metastatic disease. In this review we summarize relevant literature on mechanisms associated with breast cancer plasticity, tumor progression, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Connor J. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Heide L. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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40
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Gauging the Impact of Cancer Treatment Modalities on Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030743. [PMID: 32245166 PMCID: PMC7140032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic cascade consists of multiple complex steps, but the belief that it is a linear process is diminishing. In order to metastasize, cells must enter the blood vessels or body cavities (depending on the cancer type) via active or passive mechanisms. Once in the bloodstream and/or lymphatics, these cancer cells are now termed circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTC numbers as well as CTC clusters have been used as a prognostic marker with higher numbers of CTCs and/or CTC clusters correlating with an unfavorable prognosis. However, we have very limited knowledge about CTC biology, including which of these cells are ultimately responsible for overt metastatic growth, but due to the fact that higher numbers of CTCs correlate with a worse prognosis; it would seem appropriate to either limit CTCs and/or their dissemination. Here, we will discuss the different cancer treatments which may inadvertently promote the mobilization of CTCs and potential CTC therapies to decrease metastasis.
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41
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Gomez-Acevedo H, Dai Y, Strub G, Shawber C, Wu JK, Richter GT. Identification of putative biomarkers for Infantile Hemangiomas and Propranolol treatment via data integration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3261. [PMID: 32094357 PMCID: PMC7039967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumors in early childhood. They show a distinctive mechanism of tumor growth in which a rapid proliferative phase is followed by a regression phase (involution). Propranolol is an approved treatment for IHs, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We integrated and harmonized microRNA and mRNA transcriptome data from newly generated microarray data on IHs with publicly available data on toxicological transcriptomics from propranolol exposure, and with microRNA data from IHs and propranolol exposure. We identified subsets of putative biomarkers for proliferation and involution as well as a small set of putative biomarkers for propranolol's mechanism of action for IHs, namely EPAS1, LASP1, SLC25A23, MYO1B, and ALDH1A1. Based on our integrative data approach and confirmatory experiments, we concluded that hypoxia in IHs is regulated by EPAS1 (HIF-2α) instead of HIF-1α, and also that propranolol-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells may occur via mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Gomez-Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Yuemeng Dai
- Mesquite Rehabilitation Institute, Mesquite, Texas, USA
| | - Graham Strub
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Carrie Shawber
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - June K Wu
- Department of Reproductive Sciences in Obstetrics & Gynecology and Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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42
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He WP, Wang LL. High expression of AGBL2 is a novel prognostic factor of adverse outcome in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4900-4906. [PMID: 31612000 PMCID: PMC6781648 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative oncogenic role of ATP/GTP binding protein like 2 (AGBL2) in catalyzing α-tubulin detyrosination has recently been characterized in cancer. However, the status of AGBL2 expression in ovarian cancer and its potential clinical and prognostic significance remain unclear. In the present study, immunohistochemistry staining investigated the protein expression level of AGBL2 in paraffin-embedded pathological specimens from 30 normal ovaries, 35 ovarian cystadenomas, 38 borderline ovarian tumors and 165 invasive ovarian carcinomas. The association between AGBL2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients was evaluated using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. The survival status of patients was assessed by receiver-operator curve analysis. The results demonstrated that high expression of AGBL2 was observed in 9% of cystadenomas cases, 21% of borderline tumors cases and 38% of ovarian carcinomas cases; however AGBL2 expression was not high in normal ovarian tissues (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results demonstrated that high expression of AGBL2 was associated with tumor histological grade, advanced pT/pN/pM and cancer stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (P<0.05). Following univariate survival analysis of the ovarian carcinoma groups, high expression of AGBL2 was significantly associated with shorter patient survival (P<0.001). In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that AGBL2 could be identified as a potential independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma (P=0.004). Furthermore, the results demonstrated that AGBL2 expression was significantly associated with the expression of immunity related GTPase M (IRGM) (P=0.013) and LC3A/B (P=0.004). IRGM expression level was also significantly associated with LC3A/B expression level (P=0.023). These findings demonstrated that AGBL2 expression was high in ovarian carcinomas, which suggested that AGBL2 may participate in the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype and may therefore serve as an independent prognostic molecular marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Peng He
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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43
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The Emerging Role of Sperm-Associated Antigen 6 Gene in the Microtubule Function of Cells and Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 15:101-107. [PMID: 31660426 PMCID: PMC6807308 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence shows that sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) gene has multiple biological functions. It maintains the normal function of a variety of cells including ciliary/flagellar biogenesis and polarization, neurogenesis, and neuronal migration. Moreover, SPAG6 is found to be critically involved in auditory transduction and the fibroblast life cycle. Furthermore, SPAG6 plays an essential role in immuno-regulation. Notably, SPAG6 has been demonstrated to participate in the occurrence and progression of a variety of human cancers. New evidence shows that SPAG6 gene regulates tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, in this review, we describe the physiological function and mechanism of SPAG6 in human normal cells and cancer cells. We also highlight that SPAG6 gene may be an effective biomarker for the diagnosis of human cancer. Taken together, targeting SPAG6 could be a novel strategy for the treatment of human diseases including cancer.
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44
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Scott LE, Weinberg SH, Lemmon CA. Mechanochemical Signaling of the Extracellular Matrix in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:135. [PMID: 31380370 PMCID: PMC6658819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a critical process in embryonic development in which epithelial cells undergo a transdifferentiation into mesenchymal cells. This process is essential for tissue patterning and organization, and it has also been implicated in a wide array of pathologies. While the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate EMT are well-understood, there is increasing evidence that the mechanical properties and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) also play a key role in regulating EMT. In turn, EMT drives changes in the mechanics and composition of the ECM, creating a feedback loop that is tightly regulated in healthy tissues, but is often dysregulated in disease. Here we present a review that summarizes our understanding of how ECM mechanics and composition regulate EMT, and how in turn EMT alters ECM mechanics and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis E Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Christopher A Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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45
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Structural basis of tubulin detyrosination by the vasohibin–SVBP enzyme complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:571-582. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Tubulin heterogeneity regulates functions and dynamics of microtubules and plays a role in the development of drug resistance in cancer. Biochem J 2019; 476:1359-1376. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Microtubules, composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, exhibit diverse structural and functional properties in different cell types. The diversity in the microtubule structure originates from tubulin heterogeneities, namely tubulin isotypes and their post-translational modifications (PTMs). These heterogeneities confer differential stability to microtubules and provide spatial cues for the functioning of the cell. Furthermore, the altered expressions of tubulin isotypes and PTMs are prominent factors for the development of resistance against some cancer drugs. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the tubulin isotypes and PTMs and how, together, they control the cellular functions of the microtubules. We also describe how cancer cells use this tubulin heterogeneity to acquire resistance against clinical agents and discuss existing attempts to counter the developed resistance.
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47
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Fu DJ, Li JH, Yang JJ, Li P, Zhang YB, Liu S, Li ZR, Zhang SY. Discovery of novel chalcone-dithiocarbamates as ROS-mediated apoptosis inducers by inhibiting catalase. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:375-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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48
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Sadoul K, Joubert C, Michallet S, Nolte E, Peronne L, Ramirez-Rios S, Ribba AS, Lafanechère L. [On the road to deciphering the tubulin code: focus on acetylation and detyrosination]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 34:1047-1055. [PMID: 30623774 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal fibers formed by the assembly of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers. They contribute to cell morphology, mobility and polarity, as well as to cellular transport processes and cell division. The microtubular network constantly adapts to cellular needs and may be composed of very dynamic or more stable microtubules. To regulate their diverse functions in a spatio-temporal manner, microtubules are subjected to numerous reversible post-translational modifications, which generate the "tubulin code". This review focuses on two modifications characteristic of stable microtubules - acetylation and detyrosination of α-tubulin - and their deregulation in certain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sadoul
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Clotilde Joubert
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sophie Michallet
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Elsie Nolte
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Lauralie Peronne
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sacnicté Ramirez-Rios
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ribba
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Régulation et pharmacologie du cytosquelette, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes ; Inserm U 1209 ; CNRS 5309, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
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Chen W, Jin Y, Yang H, Wei L, Lin J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd reduces migration and invasion through inhibition of TGF-β-induced EMT in colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Kralova V, Hanušová V, Caltová K, Špaček P, Hochmalová M, Skálová L, Rudolf E. Flubendazole and mebendazole impair migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in oral cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:124-132. [PMID: 30075109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole anthelmintics flubendazole and mebendazole are microtubule-targeting drugs that showed considerable anti-cancer activity in different preclinical models. In this study, the effects of flubendazole and mebendazole on proliferation, migration and cadherin switching were studied in a panel of oral cell lines in vitro. Both compounds reduced the viability of the PE/CA-PJ15 and H376 oral squamous carcinoma cells and of the premalignant oral keratinocytes DOK with the IC50 values in the range of 0.19-0.26 μM. Normal oral keratinocytes and normal gingival fibroblasts were less sensitive to the treatment. Flubendazole and mebendazole also reduced the migration of the PE/CA-PJ15 cell in concentrations that had no anti-migratory effects on the normal gingival fibroblasts. Levels of the focal adhesion kinase FAK, Rho-A and Rac1 GTPases and the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 were decreased in both PE/CA-PJ15 cells and gingival fibroblasts following treatment. Both drugs also interfered with cadherin switching in the model of TGF-β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the DOK cell line. Levels of N-cadherin were reduced in the TGF-β induced cells co-treated with flubendazol and mebendazole in very low concentration (50 nM). These results suggest direct effects of both benzimidazoles on selected processes of EMT in oral cell lines such as cadherin switching as well as cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kralova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Hanušová
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Caltová
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Špaček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hochmalová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 03, Czech Republic
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