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The Role of Organic Cation Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032101. [PMID: 36768423 PMCID: PMC9917293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decisively contributed in revolutionizing the therapeutic approach to cancer, offering non-invasive, tolerable therapies for a better quality of life. Nonetheless, degree and duration of the response to TKI therapy vary depending on cancer molecular features, the ability of developing resistance to the drug, on pharmacokinetic alterations caused by germline variants and unwanted drug-drug interactions at the level of membrane transporters and metabolizing enzymes. A great deal of approved TKIs are inhibitors of the organic cation transporters (OCTs). A handful are also substrates of them. These transporters are polyspecific and highly expressed in normal epithelia, particularly the intestine, liver and kidney, and are, hence, arguably relevant sites of TKI interactions with other OCT substrates. Moreover, OCTs are often repressed in cancer cells and might contribute to the resistance of cancer cells to TKIs. This article reviews the OCT interactions with approved and in-development TKIs reported in vitro and in vivo and critically discusses the potential clinical ramifications thereof.
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2
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Ding H, Huang Y, Shi J, Wang L, Liu S, Zhao B, Liu Y, Yang J, Chen Z. Attenuated expression of SNF5 facilitates progression of bladder cancer via STAT3 activation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:655. [PMID: 34876150 PMCID: PMC8650342 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWI/SNF, a well-known ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, plays an essential role in several biological processes. SNF5, the core subunit of the SWI/SNF remodeling complex, inactivated in 95% of malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), highlighting its significance in tumorigenesis. However, the role of SNF5 in bladder cancer (BC) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and potential clinical applicability of SNF5 in BC. METHODS Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases were used to evaluate the clinical significance of SNF5 in BC. We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and functional assays to investigate the role of SNF5 in BC. Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and drug-susceptibility tests were performed to identify the potential value of SNF5 in the treatment of BC. RESULTS Low SNF5 expression conferred a poor prognosis and was significantly associated with the N-stage in BC. ROC curves indicated that SNF5 could distinguish BC from the normal tissues. In vitro and in vivo functional assays demonstrated that attenuated SNF5 expression could promote cell proliferation and enhance migration by STAT3 activation. We imputed that low SNF5 expression could confer greater resistance against conventional first-line drugs, including cisplatin and gemcitabine in BC. GDSC and drug-resistance assays suggested that low SNF5 expression renders T24 and 5637 cells high sensitivity to EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, and combination of EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 and cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the present study, for the first time, showed that low SNF5 expression could promote cell proliferation and migration by activating STAT3 and confer poor prognosis in BC. Importantly, SNF5 expression may be a promising candidate for identifying BC patients who could benefit from EGFR-targeted chemotherapy or cisplatin in combination with EZH2 inhibitor treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ding
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiazhong Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Unit 32357 of People's Liberation Army, Pujiang, 611630, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Baixiong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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3
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Ma C, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhang N, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Li P. Predicting the Survival and Immune Landscape of Colorectal Cancer Patients Using an Immune-Related lncRNA Pair Model. Front Genet 2021; 12:690530. [PMID: 34552614 PMCID: PMC8451271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.690530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that immune-related long non-coding ribonucleic acids (irlncRNAs) can be used as prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Our aim in this research, therefore, was to construct a risk model using irlncRNA pairs with no requirement for a specific expression level, in hope of reliably predicting the prognosis and immune landscape of CRC patients. Methods Clinical and transcriptome profiling data of CRC patients downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed to identify differentially expressed (DE) irlncRNAs. The irlncRNA pairs significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients were screened out by univariable Cox regression analysis and a prognostic model was constructed by Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was then plotted, with the area under the curve calculated to confirm the reliability of the model. Based on the optimal cutoff value, CRC patients in the high- or low-risk groups were distinguished, laying the ground for evaluating the risk model from the following perspectives: survival, clinicopathological traits, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), antitumor drug efficacy, kinase inhibitor efficacy, and molecules related to immune checkpoints. Results A prognostic model consisting of 15 irlncRNA pairs was constructed, which was found to have a high correlation with patient prognosis in a cohort from the TCGA (p < 0.001, HR = 1.089, 95% CI [1.067-1.112]). According to both univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, this model could be used as an independent prognostic indicator in the TCGA cohort (p < 0.001). Effective differentiation between high- and low-risk patients was also accomplished, on the basis of aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, sensitivity to antitumor drugs, and kinase inhibitors, the tumor immune infiltration status, and the expression levels of specific molecules related to immune checkpoints. Conclusion The prognostic model established with irlncRNA pairs is a promising indicator for prognosis prediction in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics Beijing Proteome Research Center National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Ma X, Hu H. The Influence of Cell Cycle Regulation on Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6923. [PMID: 34203270 PMCID: PMC8267727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is orchestrated by a complex network of interactions between proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and cell cycle signaling pathways, and is vital for cell proliferation, growth, and repair. The occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the cell cycle. Cell cycle regulation can be synergistic with chemotherapy in two aspects: inhibition or promotion. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be improved with the cooperation of cell cycle regulation strategies. This review presented the mechanism of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and the effect of the cell cycle on tumorigenesis and development, and the interaction between chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation in cancer treatment was briefly introduced. The current collaborative strategies of chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of combination strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Qingdao Institute of Measurement Technology, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
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5
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Substrates and Inhibitors of Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) and Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter (PMAT) and Therapeutic Implications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:119-167. [PMID: 34495395 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gene products of the SLC22A gene family (hOCT1, hOCT2, and hOCT3) and of the SLC29A4 gene (hPMAT or hENT4) are all polyspecific organic cation transporters. Human OCTs (including hPMAT) are expressed in peripheral tissues such as small intestine, liver, and kidney involved in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In the human brain, all four transporters are expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hOCT2 is additionally expressed in neurons, and hOCT3 and hPMAT in glia. More than 40% of the presently used drugs are organic cations. This chapter lists and discusses all known drugs acting as substrates or inhibitors of these four organic cation transporters, independently of whether the transporter is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) or in peripheral tissues. Of interest is their involvement in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion as well as potential OCT-associated drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with a focus on drugs that act in the CNS.
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6
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Zhang H, Shen Z, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang M, Jiang K, Wang S, Ye Y, Wang B. Downregulation of miR-654-3p in Colorectal Cancer Indicates Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Targeting SRC. Front Genet 2020; 11:577948. [PMID: 33193697 PMCID: PMC7554538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.577948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-654-3p, regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level affecting malignant tumor behavior. However, the expression levels, function, and mechanism of miR-654-3p in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unknown. Methods The expression levels of miR-654-3p and SRC in 103 CRC tissues and matched normal colorectal tissues were detected by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-654-3p was overexpressed by RNA mimics and SRC knockdown by siRNA. Function-based experiments were carried out to detect the proliferation and migration abilities in CRC cell lines. Flow cytometry assay was performed to evaluate the effect of miR-654-3p on cell apoptosis and cycle distribution. Xenograft tumor models in nude mice were utilized to evaluate miR-654-3p functions in vivo. Dual-fluorescence reporter assay was used to verify the direct binding between miR-654-3p and SRC. Results miR-654-3p was downregulated in CRC tissues as compared to matched normal colorectal tissues. The expression levels of miR-654-3p were closely associated with distant metastasis. In addition, elevated expression of miR-654-3p in CRC patients prolonged the overall survival. Upregulated miR-654-3p significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration capacity of CRC cells by enhancing apoptosis and promoting G0/G1 phase arrest. The direct binding between miR-654-3p and SRC was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene. Furthermore, the suppression of proliferation and migration capacity by elevated miR-654-3p level could be reversed by overexpressing SRC. Conclusion miR-654-3p acts as a tumor suppressor through regulating SRC. It might also serve as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator and a novel molecular target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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How Dysregulated Ion Channels and Transporters Take a Hand in Esophageal, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:129-222. [PMID: 32875386 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of how dysregulated ion channels and transporters are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and progression, including invasiveness and metastasis, has been increasing exponentially. The present review specifies virtually all ion channels and transporters whose faulty expression or regulation contributes to esophageal, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer. The variety reaches from Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- channels over divalent metal transporters, Na+ or Cl- coupled Ca2+, HCO3- and H+ exchangers to monocarboxylate carriers and organic anion and cation transporters. In several cases, the underlying mechanisms by which these ion channels/transporters are interwoven with malignancies have been fully or at least partially unveiled. Ca2+, Akt/NF-κB, and Ca2+- or pH-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerge as cross points through which ion channels/transporters interfere with gene expression, modulate cell proliferation, trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promote cell motility and metastasis. Also miRs, lncRNAs, and DNA methylation represent potential links between the misexpression of genes encoding for ion channels/transporters, their malfunctioning, and cancer. The knowledge of all these molecular interactions has provided the basis for therapeutic strategies and approaches, some of which will be broached in this review.
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8
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Krchniakova M, Skoda J, Neradil J, Chlapek P, Veselska R. Repurposing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: A Focus on Transporters and Lysosomal Sequestration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093157. [PMID: 32365759 PMCID: PMC7247577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being increasingly used to treat various malignancies. Although they were designed to target aberrant tyrosine kinases, they are also intimately linked with the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. MDR-related solute carrier (SLC) and ATB-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are responsible for TKI uptake and efflux, respectively. However, the role of TKIs appears to be dual because they can act as substrates and/or inhibitors of these transporters. In addition, several TKIs have been identified to be sequestered into lysosomes either due to their physiochemical properties or via ABC transporters expressed on the lysosomal membrane. Since the development of MDR represents a great concern in anticancer treatment, it is important to elucidate the interactions of TKIs with MDR-related transporters as well as to improve the properties that would prevent TKIs from diffusing into lysosomes. These findings not only help to avoid MDR, but also help to define the possible impact of combining TKIs with other anticancer drugs, leading to more efficient therapy and fewer adverse effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krchniakova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chlapek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-49-7905
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9
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Src Inhibition Attenuates Liver Fibrosis by Preventing Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Decreasing Connetive Tissue Growth Factor. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030558. [PMID: 32120837 PMCID: PMC7140470 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRC kinase family comprises non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are ubiquitously expressed in all cell types. Although Src is reportedly activated in pulmonary and renal fibrosis, little is known regarding its role in liver fibrosis. This study investigated whether the inhibition of Src protects against liver fibrosis. The expression of Src was upregulated in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fibrotic mouse liver and cirrhosis of patients, and phospho-Src was upregulated during activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). In addition, Src inhibition reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in primary HSCs and suppressed transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in hepatocytes. Src inhibitor Saracatinib also attenuated TAA-induced expression of type I collagen, αSMA, and CTGF in mouse liver tissues. The antifibrotic effect of Src inhibitors was associated with the downregulation of Smad3, but not of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, Src inhibition increased autophagy flux and protected against liver fibrosis. These results suggest that Src plays an important role in liver fibrosis and that Src inhibitors could be treat liver fibrosis.
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10
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Lang L, Shay C, Zhao X, Xiong Y, Wang X, Teng Y. Simultaneously inactivating Src and AKT by saracatinib/capivasertib co-delivery nanoparticles to improve the efficacy of anti-Src therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:132. [PMID: 31805962 PMCID: PMC6896687 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src, an oncoprotein that drives progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is commonly hyperactivated in this disease. Unfortunately, the clinical benefit of targeting Src is significantly dampened in HNSCC patients, because the cytotoxic effects of anti-Src therapy and tumor resistance to it are less predictable. Thus, understanding the mechanism of tumor resistance to Src inhibition and seeking a way to overcome it are warranted. METHODS Dual drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) were developed to co-deliver Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) and AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) into the same population of tumor cells. An orthotopic tongue tumor model was generated to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effects. Cell growth was determined by CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Kit, colony formation, and 3D culture, and tumor growth was determined by bioluminescence and tumor size. The molecular changes induced by the treatments were assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Capivasertib inactivated the AKT-S6 signaling and re-sensitized saracatinib-resistant HNSCC cells to saracatinib. Combination of capivasertib with saracatinib suppressed HNSCC growth more efficiently than either drug alone. Cathepsin B-sensitive NPs for co-delivering saracatinib and capivasertib significantly improved the efficacy of tumor repression without increasing side effects, which were due to highly specific tumor-targeting drug delivery system and synergistic anticancer effects by co-inactivation of AKT and Src in HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Addition of AKT blockade improves anti-HNSCC efficacy of anti-Src therapy, and co-delivery of capivasertib and saracatinib by tumor-targeting NPs has the potential to achieve better treatment outcomes than the free drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xuli Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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11
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Lang L, Shay C, Xiong Y, Thakkar P, Chemmalakuzhy R, Wang X, Teng Y. Combating head and neck cancer metastases by targeting Src using multifunctional nanoparticle-based saracatinib. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:85. [PMID: 29925404 PMCID: PMC6011403 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most important challenges in cancer treatment. Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has been implicated as a key promoter in tumor progression and metastasis of HNSCC. However, Src therapy for HNSCC is limited by lack of efficient in vivo delivery and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Src knockdown cells were achieved by lentiviral-mediated interference. Cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing and Transwell assays. Protein levels were determined by Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. The Src inhibitor saracatinib was loaded into self-assembling nanoparticles by the solvent evaporation method. An experimental metastasis mouse model was generated to investigate the drug efficacy in metastasis. RESULTS Blockade of Src kinase activity by saracatinib effectively suppressed invasion and metastasis of HNSCC. Mechanistic assessment of the drug effects in HNSCC cells showed that saracatinib induced suppression of Src-dependent invasion/metastasis through downregulating the expression levels of Vimentin and Snail proteins. In tests in mice, saracatinib loaded into the novel multifunctional nanoparticles exhibited superior effects on suppression of HNSCC metastasis compared with the free drug, which is mainly attributed to highly specific and efficient tumor-targeted drug delivery system. CONCLUSIONS These findings and advances are of great importance to the development of Src-targeted nanomedicine as a more effective therapy for metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children’s Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Parth Thakkar
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Ron Chemmalakuzhy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Xuli Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 201 Presidents Cir, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
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12
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Celecoxib antagonizes the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in human esophageal cancer cells by impairing the drug influx. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 81:137-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Perego P, Robert J. Oxaliplatin in the era of personalized medicine: from mechanistic studies to clinical efficacy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:5-18. [PMID: 26589793 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound approved for clinical use relatively recently as compared to other drugs of the same class. Its main cellular target is DNA, where similarly to cisplatin and carboplatin it forms cross-links. However, due to a unique indication for colorectal cancer, synergistic interaction with fluoropyrimidines and peculiar toxicity profile, oxaliplatin is different from those compounds. Multiple lines of evidence indicate differences in transport and metabolism, consequences of DNA platination, as well as DNA repair and transduction of DNA damage. Here, we explore the preclinical features that may explain the unique properties of oxaliplatin in the clinics. Among them, the capability to accumulate in tumor cells via organic cation transporters, to kill KRAS mutant cells and to activate immunogenic cell death appears helpful to explain in part its clinical behavior. The continuous investigation of the molecular pharmacology of oxaliplatin is expected to provide clues to the definitions of predictors of drug activity and toxicity to translate to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jacques Robert
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Teicher BA, Polley E, Kunkel M, Evans D, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Connelly J, Harris E, Monks A, Morris J. Sarcoma Cell Line Screen of Oncology Drugs and Investigational Agents Identifies Patterns Associated with Gene and microRNA Expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2452-62. [PMID: 26351324 PMCID: PMC4636476 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diversity in sarcoma phenotype and genotype make treatment of this family of diseases exceptionally challenging. Sixty-three human adult and pediatric sarcoma lines were screened with 100 FDA-approved oncology agents and 345 investigational agents. The investigational agents' library enabled comparison of several compounds targeting the same molecular entity allowing comparison of target specificity and heterogeneity of cell line response. Gene expression was derived from exon array data and microRNA expression was derived from direct digital detection assays. The compounds were screened against each cell line at nine concentrations in triplicate with an exposure time of 96 hours using Alamar blue as the endpoint. Results are presented for inhibitors of the following targets: aurora kinase, IGF-1R, MEK, BET bromodomain, and PARP1. Chemical structures, IC50 heat maps, concentration response curves, gene expression, and miR expression heat maps are presented for selected examples. In addition, two cases of exceptional responders are presented. The drug and compound response, gene expression, and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sarcoma.cancer.gov. These data provide a unique resource to the cancer research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Eric Polley
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Kunkel
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - David Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anne Monks
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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15
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Hong YS, Kim J, Pectasides E, Fox C, Hong SW, Ma Q, Wong GS, Peng S, Stachler MD, Thorner AR, Van Hummelen P, Bass AJ. Src mutation induces acquired lapatinib resistance in ERBB2-amplified human gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109440. [PMID: 25350844 PMCID: PMC4211679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ERBB2-directed therapy is now a routine component of therapy for ERBB2-amplified metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. However, there is little knowledge of the mechanisms by which these tumors develop acquired resistance to ERBB2 inhibition. To investigate this question we sought to characterize cell line models of ERBB2-amplified gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with acquired resistance to ERBB2 inhibition. We generated lapatinib-resistant (LR) subclones from an initially lapatinib-sensitive ERBB2-amplified esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line, OE19. We subsequently performed genomic characterization and functional analyses of resistant subclones with acquired lapatinib resistance. We identified a novel, acquired SrcE527K mutation in a subset of LR OE19 subclones. Cells with this mutant allele harbour increased Src phosphorylation. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Src resensitized these subclones to lapatinib. Biochemically, Src mutations could activate both the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways in the lapatinib-treated LR OE19 cells. Ectopic expression of SrcE527K mutation also was sufficient to induce lapatinib resistance in drug-naïve cells. These results indicate that pathologic activation of Src is a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to ERBB2 inhibition in ERBB2-amplified gastroesophageal cancer. Although Src mutation has not been described in primary tumor samples, we propose that the Src hyperactivation should be investigated in the settings of acquired resistance to ERBB2 inhibition in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sang Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eirini Pectasides
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cameron Fox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Qiuping Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle S. Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shouyong Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Stachler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Thorner
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul Van Hummelen
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hu M, Che P, Han X, Cai GQ, Liu G, Antony V, Luckhardt T, Siegal GP, Zhou Y, Liu RM, Desai LP, O'Reilly PJ, Thannickal VJ, Ding Q. Therapeutic targeting of SRC kinase in myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:87-95. [PMID: 25047515 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are effector cells in fibrotic disorders that synthesize and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated the role of the Src kinase pathway in myofibroblast activation in vitro and fibrogenesis in vivo. The profibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), induced rapid activation of Src kinase, which led to myofibroblast differentiation of human lung fibroblasts. The Src kinase inhibitor AZD0530 (saracatinib) blocked TGF-β1-induced Src kinase activation in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of Src kinase significantly reduced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, a marker of myofibroblast differentiation, in TGF-β1-treated lung fibroblasts. In addition, the induced expression of collagen and fibronectin and three-dimensional collagen gel contraction were also significantly inhibited in AZD0530-treated fibroblasts. The therapeutic efficiency of Src kinase inhibition in vivo was tested in the bleomycin murine lung fibrosis model. Src kinase activation and collagen accumulation were significantly reduced in the lungs of AZD0530-treated mice when compared with controls. Furthermore, the total fibrotic area and expression of α-SMA and ECM proteins were significantly decreased in lungs of AZD0530-treated mice. These results indicate that Src kinase promotes myofibroblast differentiation and activation of lung fibroblasts. Additionally, these studies provide proof-of-concept for targeting the noncanonical TGF-β signaling pathway involving Src kinase as an effective therapeutic strategy for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pulin Che
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Guo-Qiang Cai
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena Antony
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tracy Luckhardt
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gene P Siegal
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yong Zhou
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-ming Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Leena P Desai
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Philip J O'Reilly
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qiang Ding
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (M.H., G.Q.-C., G.L., V.A., T.L., Y.Z., R.L., L.P.D., P.J.O., V.J.T., Q.D.), Cell, Development, and Integrative Biology (P.C.), Neurology (X.H.), and Pathology (G.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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17
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Gargalionis AN, Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. The molecular rationale of Src inhibition in colorectal carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2019-2029. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
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18
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Abstract
Members of the solute carrier (SLC) family of transporters are responsible for the cellular influx of a broad range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics in multiple tissues. Many of these transporters are highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney and are considered to be of particular importance in governing drug absorption, elimination, and cellular sensitivity of specific organs to a wide variety of oncology drugs. Although the majority of studies on the interaction of oncology drugs with SLC have been restricted to the use of exploratory in vitro model systems, emerging evidence suggests that several SLCs, including OCT2 and OATP1B1, contribute to clinically important phenotypes associated with those agents. Recent literature has indicated that modulation of SLC activity may result in drug-drug interactions, and genetic polymorphisms in SLC genes have been described that can affect the handling of substrates. Alteration of SLC function by either of these mechanisms has been demonstrated to contribute to interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics and toxicity associated with several oncology drugs. In this report, we provide an update on this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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19
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Barton DL, Liu H, Dakhil SR, Linquist B, Sloan JA, Nichols CR, McGinn TW, Stella PJ, Seeger GR, Sood A, Loprinzi CL. Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, N07C2. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1230-8. [PMID: 23853057 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe, effective interventions to improve cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are needed because it remains a prevalent, distressing, and activity-limiting symptom. Based on pilot data, a phase III trial was developed to evaluate the efficacy of American ginseng on CRF. METHODS A multisite, double-blind trial randomized fatigued cancer survivors to 2000mg of American ginseng vs a placebo for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the general subscale of the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) at 4 weeks. Changes from baseline at 4 and 8 weeks were evaluated between arms by a two-sided, two-sample t test. Toxicities were evaluated by self-report and the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) provider grading. RESULTS Three hundred sixty-four participants were enrolled from 40 institutions. Changes from baseline in the general subscale of the MFSI-SF were 14.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 27.1) in the ginseng arm vs 8.2 (SD = 24.8) in the placebo arm at 4 weeks (P = .07). A statistically significant difference was seen at 8 weeks with a change score of 20 (SD = 27) for the ginseng group and 10.3 (SD = 26.1) for the placebo group (P = .003). Greater benefit was reported in patients receiving active cancer treatment vs those who had completed treatment. Toxicities per self-report and CTCAE grading did not differ statistically significantly between arms. CONCLUSIONS Data support the benefit of American ginseng, 2000mg daily, on CRF over an 8-week period. There were no discernible toxicities associated with the treatment. Studies to increase knowledge to guide the role of ginseng to improve CRF are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Barton
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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20
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Heise M, Lautem A, Knapstein J, Schattenberg JM, Hoppe-Lotichius M, Foltys D, Weiler N, Zimmermann A, Schad A, Gründemann D, Otto G, Galle PR, Schuchmann M, Zimmermann T. Downregulation of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and their prognostic significance. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:109. [PMID: 22439694 PMCID: PMC3323414 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organic cation transporters (OCT) are responsible for the uptake and intracellular inactivation of a broad spectrum of endogenous substrates and detoxification of xenobiotics and chemotherapeutics. The transporters became pharmaceutically interesting, because OCTs are determinants of the cytotoxicity of platin derivates and the transport activity has been shown to correlate with the sensitivity of tumors towards tyrosine kinase inhibitors. No data exist about the relevance of OCTs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) mRNA expression was measured in primary human HCC and corresponding non neoplastic tumor surrounding tissue (TST) by real time PCR (n = 53). Protein expression was determined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Data were correlated with the clinicopathological parameters of HCCs. Results Real time PCR showed a downregulation of SLC22A1 and SLC22A3 in HCC compared to TST (p ≤ 0.001). A low SLC22A1 expression was associated with a worse patient survival (p < 0.05). Downregulation was significantly associated with advanced HCC stages, indicated by a higher number of T3 tumors (p = 0.025) with a larger tumor diameter (p = 0.035), a worse differentiation (p = 0.001) and higher AFP-levels (p = 0.019). In accordance, SLC22A1 was less frequently downregulated in tumors with lower stages who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (p < 0.001) and liver transplantation (p = 0.001). Tumors with a low SLC22A1 expression (< median) showed a higher SLC22A3 expression compared to HCC with high SLC22A1 expression (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in tumor characteristics according to the level of the SLC22A3 expression. In the western blot analysis we found a different protein expression pattern in tumor samples with a more diffuse staining in the immunofluorescence suggesting that especially OCT1 is not functional in advanced HCC. Conclusion The downregulation of OCT1 is associated with tumor progression and a worse patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heise
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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21
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Hsieh CH, Liu CY, Hsieh YJ, Tai HC, Wang LY, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 mediates the unfavorable systemic impact of local irradiation on pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21000. [PMID: 21695264 PMCID: PMC3111455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted for cancer treatment. However, the interactions between radiation and 5-FU remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of local irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in rats. The single-fraction radiation was delivered to the whole pelvic fields of Sprague-Dawley rats after computerized tomography-based planning. 5-FU at 100 mg/kg was prescribed 24 hours after radiation. A high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to measure 5-FU in the blood. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibitor I was administered to examine whether or not RT modulation of 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters could be blocked. Compared with sham-irradiated controls, whole pelvic irradiation reduced the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in plasma and, in contrast, increased in bile with a radiation dose-dependent manner. Based on protein array analysis, the amount of plasma MMP-8 was increased by whole pelvic irradiation (2.8-fold by 0.5 Gy and 5.3-fold by 2 Gy) in comparison with controls. Pretreatment with MMP-8 inhibitor reversed the effect of irradiation on AUC of 5-FU in plasma. Our findings first indicate that local irradiation modulate the systemic pharmacokinetics of 5-FU through stimulating the release of MMP-8. The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU during concurrent chemoradiaiton therapy should be rechecked and the optimal 5-FU dose should be reevaluated, and adjusted if necessary, during CCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Division Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Tai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Abstract
This article reviews the use of informatics and computational chemistry methods in medicinal chemistry, with special consideration of how computational techniques can be adapted and extended to obtain more and higher-quality information. Special consideration is given to the computation of protein–ligand binding affinities, to the prediction of off-target bioactivities, bioactivity spectra and computational toxicology, and also to calculating absorption-, distribution-, metabolism- and excretion-relevant properties, such as solubility.
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