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PlGF Immunological Impact during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228714. [PMID: 33218096 PMCID: PMC7698813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mother’s immune system has to tolerate the persistence of paternal alloantigens without affecting the anti-infectious immune response. Consequently, several mechanisms aimed at preventing allograft rejection, occur during a pregnancy. In fact, the early stages of pregnancy are characterized by the correct balance between inflammation and immune tolerance, in which proinflammatory cytokines contribute to both the remodeling of tissues and to neo-angiogenesis, thus, favoring the correct embryo implantation. In addition to the creation of a microenvironment able to support both immunological privilege and angiogenesis, the trophoblast invades normal tissues by sharing the same behavior of invasive tumors. Next, the activation of an immunosuppressive phase, characterized by an increase in the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells prevents excessive inflammation and avoids fetal immuno-mediated rejection. When these changes do not occur or occur incompletely, early pregnancy failure follows. All these events are characterized by an increase in different growth factors and cytokines, among which one of the most important is the angiogenic growth factor, namely placental growth factor (PlGF). PlGF is initially isolated from the human placenta. It is upregulated during both pregnancy and inflammation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of PlGF during pregnancy, warranting that both innate and adaptive immune cells properly support the early events of implantation and placental development. Furthermore, we highlight how an alteration of the immune response, associated with PlGF imbalance, can induce a hypertensive state and lead to the pre-eclampsia (PE).
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Lacal PM, Atzori MG, Ruffini F, Scimeca M, Bonanno E, Cicconi R, Mattei M, Bernardini R, D'Atri S, Tentori L, Graziani G. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 by the monoclonal antibody D16F7 to increase the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors against cutaneous melanoma. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104957. [PMID: 32485280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) is a membrane receptor for VEGF-A, placenta growth factor (PlGF) and VEGF-B that plays a crucial role in melanoma invasiveness, vasculogenic mimicry and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Furthermore, activation of VEGFR-1 is involved in the mobilization of myeloid progenitors from the bone marrow that infiltrate the tumor. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages have been involved in tumor progression and resistance to cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We have recently demonstrated that the anti-VEGFR-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) D16F7 developed in our laboratories is able to inhibit melanoma growth in preclinical in vivo models and to reduce monocyte/macrophage progenitor mobilization and tumor infiltration by myeloid cells. Aim of the study was to investigate whether the anti-VEGFR-1 mAb D16F7 affects the activity of protumoral M2 macrophages in vitro in response to PlGF and inhibits the recruitment of these cells to the melanoma site in vivo. Finally, we tested whether, through its multi-targeted action, D16F7 mAb might increase the efficacy of ICIs against melanoma. The results indicated that VEGFR-1 expression is up-regulated in human activated M2 macrophages compared to activated M1 cells and exposure to the D16F7 mAb decreases in vitro chemotaxis of activated M2 macrophages. In vivo treatment with the anti-VEGFR-1 mAb D16F7 of B6D2F1 mice injected with syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells resulted in tumor growth inhibition associated with the modification of tumor microenvironment that involves a decrease of melanoma infiltration by M2 macrophages and PD-1+ and FoxP3+ cells. These alterations result in increased M1/M2 and CD8+/FoxP3+ ratios, which favor an antitumor and immunostimulating milieu. Accordingly, D16F7 mAb increased the antitumor activity of the ICIs anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 mAbs. Overall, these data reinforce the role of VEGFR-1-mediated-signalling as a valid target for reducing tumor infiltration by protumoral macrophages and for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (FUV), Piazza Velasca 5, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Rosella Cicconi
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale - Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale - Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale - Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Ceci C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Graziani G. Role of VEGFs/VEGFR-1 Signaling and its Inhibition in Modulating Tumor Invasion: Experimental Evidence in Different Metastatic Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1388. [PMID: 32085654 PMCID: PMC7073125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members, VEGF-A, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and to a lesser extent VEGF-B, play an essential role in tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue infiltration, and metastasis formation. Although VEGF-A can activate both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 membrane receptors, PlGF and VEGF-B exclusively interact with VEGFR-1. Differently from VEGFR-2, which is involved both in physiological and pathological angiogenesis, in the adult VEGFR-1 is required only for pathological angiogenesis. Besides this role in tumor endothelium, ligand-mediated stimulation of VEGFR-1 expressed in tumor cells may directly induce cell chemotaxis and extracellular matrix invasion. Furthermore, VEGFR-1 activation in myeloid progenitors and tumor-associated macrophages favors cancer immune escape through the release of immunosuppressive cytokines. These properties have prompted a number of preclinical and clinical studies to analyze VEGFR-1 involvement in the metastatic process. The aim of the present review is to highlight the contribution of VEGFs/VEGFR-1 signaling in the progression of different tumor types and to provide an overview of the therapeutic approaches targeting VEGFR-1 currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, “Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico”, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
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Dowling RJO, Sparano JA, Goodwin PJ, Bidard FC, Cescon DW, Chandarlapaty S, Deasy JO, Dowsett M, Gray RJ, Henry NL, Meric-Bernstam F, Perlmutter J, Sledge GW, Thorat MA, Bratman SV, Carey LA, Chang MC, DeMichele A, Ennis M, Jerzak KJ, Korde LA, Lohmann AE, Mamounas EP, Parulekar WR, Regan MM, Schramek D, Stambolic V, Whelan TJ, Wolff AC, Woodgett JR, Kalinsky K, Hayes DF. Toronto Workshop on Late Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Part 2: Approaches to Predict and Identify Late Recurrence, Research Directions. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz049. [PMID: 32337478 PMCID: PMC7050024 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late disease recurrence (more than 5 years after initial diagnosis) represents a clinical challenge in the treatment and management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BC). An international workshop was convened in Toronto, Canada, in February 2018 to review the current understanding of late recurrence and to identify critical issues that require future study. The underlying biological causes of late recurrence are complex, with the processes governing cancer cell dormancy, including immunosurveillance, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular stemness, being integral to disease progression. These critical processes are described herein as well as their role in influencing risk of recurrence. Moreover, observational and interventional clinical trials are proposed, with a focus on methods to identify patients at risk of recurrence and possible strategies to combat this in patients with estrogen receptor-positive BC. Because the problem of late BC recurrence of great importance, recent advances in disease detection and patient monitoring should be incorporated into novel clinical trials to evaluate approaches to enhance patient management. Indeed, future research on these issues is planned and will offer new options for effective late recurrence treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J O Dowling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert J Gray
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - N Lynn Henry
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - George W Sledge
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mangesh A Thorat
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa A Carey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martin C Chang
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Angela DeMichele
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Katarzyna J Jerzak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa A Korde
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ana Elisa Lohmann
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wendy R Parulekar
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Meredith M Regan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Whelan
- McMaster University and Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jim R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Ma Q, Gu JT, Wang B, Feng J, Yang L, Kang XW, Duan P, Sun X, Liu PJ, Wang JC. PlGF signaling and macrophage repolarization contribute to the anti-neoplastic effect of metformin. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172696. [PMID: 31562866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) related signaling pathway has been shown to have close relationship with the progression of cancers. Metformin has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on PlGF expression in a breast cancer model. However, little is known about whether the anti-neoplastic activity of metformin is contributed by its inhibitory effect on PlGF expression. Protein, mRNA and secretion levels of PlGF were tested and the proliferation of cancer cells was determined. After treatment of metformin, BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors were sacrificed and immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor sections was obtained. Baseline expression of autocrine PlGF varied between different breast cancer cell lines, while the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) was comparable between cell lines. Other clinical data showed that the expression of PlGF other than VEGFR-1 had a prognostic value for patients with breast cancers. Metformin significantly decreased the secretion and mRNA levels of PlGF, which greatly contributed to its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cells with high P1GF expression. The unresponsiveness of tumor cells with low PlGF expression to genetic silencing was reversed by the supplementation of exogenous PlGF. Systemic metformin administration apparently inhibited the in vivo growth of 4T1 carcinoma, which was accompanied by the repolarization of macrophages from M2 to M1. These findings indicated that both autocrine and paracrine PlGF signaling and macrophage repolarization are involved in the progression of breast cancer, which could be targeted by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of peripheral vascular diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jing-Tao Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Kang
- Education Administration Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Peng Duan
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Ji-Chang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China; Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
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6
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Albonici L, Giganti MG, Modesti A, Manzari V, Bei R. Multifaceted Role of the Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) in the Antitumor Immune Response and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122970. [PMID: 31216652 PMCID: PMC6627047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharing of molecules function that affects both tumor growth and neoangiogenesis with cells of the immune system creates a mutual interplay that impairs the host’s immune response against tumor progression. Increasing evidence shows that tumors are able to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by recruiting specific immune cells. Moreover, molecules produced by tumor and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive milieu able to inhibit the development of an efficient immune response against cancer cells and thus fostering tumor growth and progression. In addition, the immunoediting could select cancer cells that are less immunogenic or more resistant to lysis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the immunomodulatory effects and cancer progression of the angiogenic growth factor namely placental growth factor (PlGF) and address the biological complex effects of this cytokine. Different pathways of the innate and adaptive immune response in which, directly or indirectly, PlGF is involved in promoting tumor immune escape and metastasis will be described. PlGF is important for building up vascular structures and functions. Although PlGF effects on vascular and tumor growth have been widely summarized, its functions in modulating the immune intra-tumoral microenvironment have been less highlighted. In agreement with PlGF functions, different antitumor strategies can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Albonici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Giganti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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7
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Pavan S, Meyer-Schaller N, Diepenbruck M, Kalathur RKR, Saxena M, Christofori G. A kinome-wide high-content siRNA screen identifies MEK5-ERK5 signaling as critical for breast cancer cell EMT and metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 37:4197-4213. [PMID: 29713055 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been correlated to malignant tumor progression and metastasis by promoting cancer cell migration and invasion and chemoresistance. Hence, finding druggable EMT effectors is critical to efficiently interfere with metastasis formation and to overcome therapy resistance. We have employed a high-content microscopy screen in combination with a kinome and phosphatome-wide siRNA library to identify signaling pathways underlying an EMT of murine mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. This screen identified the MEK5-ERK5 axis as a critical player in TGFβ-mediated EMT. Suppression of MEK5-ERK5 signaling completely prevented the morphological and molecular changes occurring during a TGFβ-induced EMT and, conversely, forced highly metastatic breast cancer cells into a differentiated epithelial state. Inhibition of MEK5-ERK5 signaling also repressed breast cancer cell migration and invasion and substantially reduced lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. The results suggest that the MEK5-ERK5 signaling axis via activation of MEF2B and other transcription factors plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of breast cancer cell migration and invasion and thus represents an exploitable target for the pharmacological inhibition of cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pavan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.
| | | | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
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9
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Cattin S, Fellay B, Pradervand S, Trojan A, Ruhstaller T, Rüegg C, Fürstenberger G. Bevacizumab specifically decreases elevated levels of circulating KIT+CD11b+ cells and IL-10 in metastatic breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11137-50. [PMID: 26840567 PMCID: PMC4905463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether bevacizumab exerts its anti-tumor properties through systemic effects beyond local inhibition of angiogenesis and how these effects can be monitored in patients, remain largely elusive. To address these questions, we investigated bone marrow-derived cells and cytokines in the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer patients undergoing therapy with bevacizumab. METHODS Circulating endothelial cells (CEC), circulating endothelial progenitor (CEP) and circulating CD11b+ cells in metastatic breast cancer patients before and during therapy with paclitaxel alone (n = 11) or in combination with bevacizumab (n = 10) were characterized using flow cytometry, real time PCR and RNASeq. Circulating factors were measured by ELISA. Aged-matched healthy donors were used as baseline controls (n = 12). RESULTS Breast cancer patients had elevated frequencies of CEC, CEP, TIE2+CD11b+ and KIT+CD11b+ cell subsets. CEC decreased during therapy, irrespective of bevacizumab, while TIE2+CD11b+ remained unchanged. KIT+CD11b+ cells decreased in response to paclitaxel with bevacizumab, but not paclitaxel alone. Cancer patients expressed higher mRNA levels of the M2 polarization markers CD163, ARG1 and IL-10 in CD11b+ cells and increased levels of the M2 cytokines IL-10 and CCL20 in plasma. M1 activation markers and cytokines were low or equally expressed in cancer patients compared to healthy donors. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel and bevacizumab, but not with paclitaxel alone, significantly decreased IL-10 mRNA in CD11b+ cells and IL-10 protein in plasma. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study provides evidence of systemic immunomodulatory effects of bevacizumab and identified circulating KIT+CD11b+ cells and IL-10 as candidate biomarkers of bevacizumab activity in metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cattin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Fellay
- Central Laboratory, HFR Hôpital Cantonal, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Genomic Technologies Facility, Center of Integrative Genomic (CIG), University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Ruhstaller
- Breast Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, CH-9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Secondini C, Coquoz O, Spagnuolo L, Spinetti T, Peyvandi S, Ciarloni L, Botta F, Bourquin C, Rüegg C. Arginase inhibition suppresses lung metastasis in the 4T1 breast cancer model independently of the immunomodulatory and anti-metastatic effects of VEGFR-2 blockade. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1316437. [PMID: 28680747 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1316437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Anti-angiogenic therapy in combination with chemotherapy is used for the treatment of metastatic cancers, including breast cancer but therapeutic benefits are limited. Mobilization and accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) during tumor progression and therapy have been implicated in metastasis formation and resistance to anti-angiogenic treatments. Here, we used the 4T1 orthotopic syngenic mouse model of mammary adenocarcinoma to investigate the effect of VEGF/VEGFR-2 axis inhibition on lung metastasis, MDSC and regulatory T cells (Tregs). We show that treatment with the anti-VEGFR-2 blocking antibody DC101 inhibits primary tumor growth, angiogenesis and lung metastasis. DC101 treatment had no effect on MDSC mobilization, but partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of mMDSC on T cell proliferation and decreased the frequency of Tregs in primary tumors and lung metastases. Strikingly, DC101 treatment induced the expression of the immune-suppressive molecule arginase I in mMDSC. Treatment with the arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-Arginine (Nor-NOHA) reduced the inhibitory effect of MDSC on T cell proliferation and inhibited number and size of lung metastasis but had little or no additional effects in combination with DC101. In conclusion, DC101 treatment suppresses 4T1 tumor growth and metastasis, partially reverses the inhibitory effect of mMDSC on T cell proliferation, decreases Tregs in tumors and increases arginase I expression in mMDSC. Arginase inhibition suppresses lung metastasis independently of DC101 effects. These observations contribute to the further characterization of the immunomodulatory effect of anti-VEGF/VEGFR2 therapy and provide a rationale to pursue arginase inhibition as potential anti-metastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Secondini
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Oriana Coquoz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Spagnuolo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sanam Peyvandi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ciarloni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Botta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Bourquin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Division of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Mechanisms governing metastatic dormancy in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:72-82. [PMID: 28344165 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a systemic disease characterized by early dissemination of tumor cells to distant organs. In this foreign environment, tumor cells may stay in a dormant state as single cells or as micrometastases for many years before growing out into a macrometastatic lesion. As metastasis is the primary cause for breast cancer-related death, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of dormancy and dormancy escape to find druggable targets to eradicate metastatic tumor cells. Metastatic dormancy is regulated by complex interactions between tumor cells and the local microenvironment. In addition, cancer-directed immunity and systemic instigation play a crucial role.
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12
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Turrini R, Pabois A, Xenarios I, Coukos G, Delaloye JF, Doucey MA. TIE-2 expressing monocytes in human cancers. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1303585. [PMID: 28507810 PMCID: PMC5414874 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1303585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are well known as a key player in the tumor microenvironment, which support cancer progression. More recently, a lineage of monocytes characterized by the expression of the TIE-2/Tek angiopoietin receptor identified a subset of circulating and tumor-associated monocytes endowed with proangiogenic activity. TIE-2 expressing monocytes (TEM) were found both in humans and mice. Here, we review the phenotypes and functions of TEM reported so far in human cancer and their potential use as markers of cancer progression and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic approaches currently used or proposed to target TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Turrini
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angélique Pabois
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Doucey
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Ciarloni L, Ehrensberger SH, Imaizumi N, Monnier-Benoit S, Nichita C, Myung SJ, Kim JS, Song SY, Kim TI, van der Weg B, Meier R, Borovicka J, Beglinger C, Vallet C, Maerten P, Rüegg C, Dorta G. Development and Clinical Validation of a Blood Test Based on 29-Gene Expression for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4604-11. [PMID: 27126992 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A blood test for early detection of colorectal cancer is a valuable tool for testing asymptomatic individuals and reducing colorectal cancer-related mortality. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel blood test able to differentiate patients with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps (AP) from individuals with a negative colonoscopy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A case-control, multicenter clinical study was designed to collect blood samples from patients referred for colonoscopy or surgery. Predictive algorithms were developed on 75 controls, 61 large AP (LAP) ≥1 cm, and 45 colorectal cancer cases and independently validated on 74 controls, 42 LAP, and 52 colorectal cancer cases (23 stages I-II) as well as on 245 cases including other colorectal findings and diseases other than colorectal cancer. The test is based on a 29-gene panel expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells alone or in combination with established plasma tumor markers. RESULTS The 29-gene algorithm detected colorectal cancer and LAP with a sensitivity of 79.5% and 55.4%, respectively, with 90.0% specificity. Combination with the protein tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CYFRA21-2 resulted in a specificity increase (92.2%) with a sensitivity for colorectal cancer and LAP detection of 78.1% and 52.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We report the validation of a novel blood test, Colox®, for the detection of colorectal cancer and LAP based on a 29-gene panel and the CEA and CYFRA21-1 plasma biomarkers. The performance and convenience of this routine blood test provide physicians a useful tool to test average-risk individuals unwilling to undergo upfront colonoscopy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4604-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Nichita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Asan Medical Centre, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si Young Song
- Severance Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Severance Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Rémy Meier
- Kantonsspital Liestal, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Jan Borovicka
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Cédric Vallet
- Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Surgery Services, Morges, Switzerland
| | | | - Curzio Rüegg
- Novigenix SA, Epalinges, Switzerland. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Gian Dorta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Ciarloni L, Hosseinian S, Monnier-Benoit S, Imaizumi N, Dorta G, Ruegg C. Discovery of a 29-gene panel in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the detection of colorectal cancer and adenomas using high throughput real-time PCR. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123904. [PMID: 25876024 PMCID: PMC4395254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in developed countries. Early detection of CRC leads to decreased CRC mortality. A blood-based CRC screening test is highly desirable due to limited invasiveness and high acceptance rate among patients compared to currently used fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy. Here we describe the discovery and validation of a 29-gene panel in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for the detection of CRC and adenomatous polyps (AP). Blood samples were prospectively collected from a multicenter, case-control clinical study. First, we profiled 93 samples with 667 candidate and 3 reference genes by high throughput real-time PCR (OpenArray system). After analysis, 160 genes were retained and tested again on 51 additional samples. Low expressed and unstable genes were discarded resulting in a final dataset of 144 samples profiled with 140 genes. To define which genes, alone or in combinations had the highest potential to discriminate AP and/or CRC from controls, data were analyzed by a combination of univariate and multivariate methods. A list of 29 potentially discriminant genes was compiled and evaluated for its predictive accuracy by penalized logistic regression and bootstrap. This method discriminated AP >1cm and CRC from controls with a sensitivity of 59% and 75%, respectively, with 91% specificity. The behavior of the 29-gene panel was validated with a LightCycler 480 real-time PCR platform, commonly adopted by clinical laboratories. In this work we identified a 29-gene panel expressed in PBMC that can be used for developing a novel minimally-invasive test for accurate detection of AP and CRC using a standard real-time PCR platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciarloni
- Diagnoplex SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Novigenix SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sahar Hosseinian
- Diagnoplex SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Novigenix SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Natsuko Imaizumi
- Diagnoplex SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gian Dorta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Novigenix SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Guex N, Crespo I, Bron S, Ifticene-Treboux A, Faes-van’t Hull E, Kharoubi S, Liechti R, Werffeli P, Ibberson M, Majo F, Nicolas M, Laurent J, Garg A, Zaman K, Lehr HA, Stevenson BJ, Rüegg C, Coukos G, Delaloye JF, Xenarios I, Doucey MA. Angiogenic activity of breast cancer patients' monocytes reverted by combined use of systems modeling and experimental approaches. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004050. [PMID: 25768678 PMCID: PMC4359163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and cancer progression. TIE-2-expressing monocytes (TEM) have been reported to critically account for tumor vascularization and growth in mouse tumor experimental models, but the molecular basis of their pro-angiogenic activity are largely unknown. Moreover, differences in the pro-angiogenic activity between blood circulating and tumor infiltrated TEM in human patients has not been established to date, hindering the identification of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. In this work, we investigated these differences and the phenotypic reversal of breast tumor pro-angiogenic TEM to a weak pro-angiogenic phenotype by combining Boolean modelling and experimental approaches. Firstly, we show that in breast cancer patients the pro-angiogenic activity of TEM increased drastically from blood to tumor, suggesting that the tumor microenvironment shapes the highly pro-angiogenic phenotype of TEM. Secondly, we predicted in silico all minimal perturbations transitioning the highly pro-angiogenic phenotype of tumor TEM to the weak pro-angiogenic phenotype of blood TEM and vice versa. In silico predicted perturbations were validated experimentally using patient TEM. In addition, gene expression profiling of TEM transitioned to a weak pro-angiogenic phenotype confirmed that TEM are plastic cells and can be reverted to immunological potent monocytes. Finally, the relapse-free survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference between patients with tumors with high and low expression values for genes encoding transitioning proteins detected in silico and validated on patient TEM. In conclusion, the inferred TEM regulatory network accurately captured experimental TEM behavior and highlighted crosstalk between specific angiogenic and inflammatory signaling pathways of outstanding importance to control their pro-angiogenic activity. Results showed the successful in vitro reversion of such an activity by perturbation of in silico predicted target genes in tumor derived TEM, and indicated that targeting tumor TEM plasticity may constitute a novel valid therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guex
- The Vital-IT, SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- The Vital-IT, SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvian Bron
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Assia Ifticene-Treboux
- Centre du Sein, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Solange Kharoubi
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Liechti
- The Vital-IT, SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Werffeli
- Department of Oncology, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- The Vital-IT, SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois Majo
- Hopital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Abhishek Garg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khalil Zaman
- Centre du Sein, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Anton Lehr
- Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland and Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Brian J. Stevenson
- The Vital-IT, SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Delaloye
- Centre du Sein, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- The Vital-IT, SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Agnès Doucey
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Myofibroblasts in proliferative diabetic retinopathy can originate from infiltrating fibrocytes and through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:179-89. [PMID: 25637870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) are the key cellular mediator of fibrosis. Fibrovascular epiretinal membranes from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) are characterized by the accumulation of a large number of myofibroblasts. We explored the hypothesis that proliferating endothelial cells via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and/or bone marrow-derived circulating fibrocytes contribute to the myofibroblast population present in PDR epiretinal membranes. Epiretinal membranes from 14 patients with PDR were studied by immunohistochemistry. All membranes contained neovessels expressing the endothelial cell marker CD31. CD31(+) endothelial cells co-expressed the fibroblast/myofibroblast markers fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) and α-SMA, indicative for the occurrence of endoMT. In the stroma, cells expressing FSP-1, α-SMA, the leukocyte common antigen CD45, and the myelomonocytic marker CD11b were detected. Double labeling showed co-localization of CD45 with FSP-1 and α-SMA and co-localization of CD11b with α-SMA and matrix metalloproteinase-9, demonstrating the presence of infiltrating fibrocytes. In addition, we investigated the phenotypic changes that take place in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells following exposure to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Retinal microvascular endothelial cells changed morphology upon cytokine exposure, lost the expression of endothelial cell markers (endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial-cadherin) and started to express mesenchymal markers (calponin, snail, transgelin and FSP-1). These results suggest that endothelial cells as well as circulating fibrocytes may differentiate into myofibroblasts in the diabetic eye and contribute to pathologic fibrosis in PDR.
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Lee JE, Kim C, Yang H, Park I, Oh N, Hua S, Jeong H, An HJ, Kim SC, Lee GM, Koh GY, Kim HM. Novel glycosylated VEGF decoy receptor fusion protein, VEGF-Grab, efficiently suppresses tumor angiogenesis and progression. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:470-9. [PMID: 25534360 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0968-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies targeting VEGFA have been commonly used in clinics to treat cancers over the past decade. However, their clinical efficacy has been limited, with drawbacks including acquisition of resistance and activation of compensatory pathways resulting from elevated circulating VEGFB and placental growth factor (PlGF). To bypass these disadvantages, we developed a novel glycosylated soluble decoy receptor fusion protein, VEGF-Grab, that can neutralize VEGFA, VEGFB, and PlGF. VEGF-Grab has the second and third immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) fused to IgG1 Fc, with three potential glycosylation sites introduced into the third Ig-like domain of VEGF-Grab by mutagenesis. Compared with VEGF-Trap, VEGF-Grab showed more potent decoy activity against VEGF and PlGF, mainly attributed to the VEGFR1 backbone. Most importantly, the negatively charged O-glycans attached to the third Ig-like domain of VEGFR1 counterbalanced the originally positively charged VEGFR1 backbone, minimizing nonspecific binding of VEGF-Grab to the extracellular matrix, and resulting in greatly improved pharmacokinetic profile. These advancements led to stronger and more durable antiangiogenic, antitumor, and antimetastatic efficacy in both implanted and spontaneous tumor models as compared with VEGF-Trap, while toxicity profiles were comparable with VEGF-Trap. Collectively, our results highlight VEGF-Grab as a promising therapeutic candidate for further clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hannah Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Intae Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nuri Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Serenus Hua
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haneul Jeong
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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Chen Y, Jiang T, Mao A, Xu J. Esophageal cancer stem cells express PLGF to increase cancer invasion through MMP9 activation. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12749-55. [PMID: 25213700 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a distinct population in tumors and cause cancer relapse and metastasis. Thus, treating CSCs are believed to be potential to cure rapidly growing and highly metastatic cancers. To date, CSCs in esophageal cancer have not been characterized. In the current study, we detected significant higher levels of placental growth factor (PLGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the esophageal cancers with metastasis, compared to those without metastasis, in which the expression levels of PLGF and MMP9 strongly correlated with each other. Thus, we used a human esophageal cancer cell line, TE-1, to examine the cross talk of PLGF and MMP9. We found that the levels of PLGF in TE-1 cells positively affected the levels of MMP9, while the levels of MMP9 did not affected the levels of PLGF, suggesting that PLGF may activate MMP9 in esophageal cancer cells. Then, we separated PLGF-positive and PLGF-negative TE-1 cells that had been transfected with a GFP reporter under a PLGF promoter by flow cytometry. We found that PLGF-positive cells grew significantly faster than PLGF-negative cells both in vitro and in vivo in a stereotactical implantation model, suggesting that PLGF-positive cells are likely CSCs in esophageal cancer. Taken together, we demonstrate that PLGF-positive cells appear to be CSCs in esophageal cancer, and they may release PLGF to promote cancer metastasis through MMP9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
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20
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Dexamethasone inhibits in vivo tumor growth by the alteration of bone marrow CD11b+ myeloid cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Van't Hull EF, Bron S, Henry L, Ifticene-Treboux A, Turrini R, Coukos G, Delaloye JF, Doucey MA. Bone marrow-derived cells are implicated as a source of lymphatic endothelial progenitors in human breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e29080. [PMID: 25101222 PMCID: PMC4121340 DOI: 10.4161/onci.29080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) infiltrate into sites of neovascularization in adult tissues and mature into functional blood endothelial cells (BECs) during a process called vasculogenesis. Human marrow-derived EPCs have recently been reported to display a mixed myeloid and lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) phenotype during inflammation-induced angiogenesis; however, their role in cancer remains poorly understood. We report the in vitro differentiation of human cord blood CD133+CD34+ progenitors into podoplanin+ cells expressing both myeloid markers (CD11b, CD14) and the canonical LEC markers vascular endothelium growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), and prospero homeobox 1 (PROX-1). These podoplanin+ cells displayed sprouting behavior comparable to that of LECs in vitro and a dual hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic activity in vivo in an endothelial cell sprouting assay and corneal vascularization assay, respectively. Furthermore, these cells expressed vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) family members A, -C, and -D. Thus, bone-marrow derived EPCs stimulate hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through their ability to differentiate into LECs and to produce angiogenic factors. Importantly, plasma from patients with breast cancer induced differentiation of CD34+ cord blood progenitors into hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic CD11b+ myeloid cells, whereas plasma from healthy women did not have this effect. Consistent with these findings, circulating CD11b+ cells from breast cancer patients, but not from healthy women, displayed a similar dual angiogenic activity. Taken together, our results show that marrow-derived EPCs become hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic upon exposure to cancer plasma. These newly identified functions of bone-marrow derived EPCs are expected to influence the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvian Bron
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Henry
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Riccardo Turrini
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Doucey
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor (VEGFR) system has been shown to play central roles not only in physiological angiogenesis, but also in pathological angiogenesis in diseases such as cancer. Based on these findings, a variety of anti-angiogenic drugs, including anti-VEGF antibodies and VEGFR/multi-receptor kinase inhibitors have been developed and approved for the clinical use. While the clinical efficacy of these drugs has been clearly demonstrated in cancer patients, they have not been shown to be effective in curing cancer, suggesting that further improvement in their design is necessary. Abnormal expression of an endogenous VEGF-inhibitor sFlt-1 has been shown to be involved in a variety of diseases, such as preeclampsia and aged macular degeneration. In addition, various factors modulating angiogenic processes have been recently isolated. Given this complexity then, extensive studies on the interrelationship between VEGF signals and other angiogenesis-regulatory systems will be important for developing future strategies to suppress diseases with an angiogenic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masabumi Shibuya
- Jobu University, Director, Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Gunma 372-8588 ; Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of Molecular Oncology, Tokyo 113-8519 ; University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Nichita C, Ciarloni L, Monnier-Benoit S, Hosseinian S, Dorta G, Rüegg C. A novel gene expression signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for early detection of colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:507-17. [PMID: 24428642 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and treatment of colorectal adenomatous polyps (AP) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with decreased mortality for CRC. However, accurate, non-invasive and compliant tests to screen for AP and early stages of CRC are not yet available. A blood-based screening test is highly attractive due to limited invasiveness and high acceptance rate among patients. AIM To demonstrate whether gene expression signatures in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were able to detect the presence of AP and early stages CRC. METHODS A total of 85 PBMC samples derived from colonoscopy-verified subjects without lesion (controls) (n = 41), with AP (n = 21) or with CRC (n = 23) were used as training sets. A 42-gene panel for CRC and AP discrimination, including genes identified by Digital Gene Expression-tag profiling of PBMC, and genes previously characterised and reported in the literature, was validated on the training set by qPCR. Logistic regression analysis followed by bootstrap validation determined CRC- and AP-specific classifiers, which discriminate patients with CRC and AP from controls. RESULTS The CRC and AP classifiers were able to detect CRC with a sensitivity of 78% and AP with a sensitivity of 46% respectively. Both classifiers had a specificity of 92% with very low false-positive detection when applied on subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 23) or tumours other than CRC (n = 14). CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates the potential of developing a minimally invasive, accurate test to screen patients at average risk for colorectal cancer, based on gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a simple blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nichita
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ibberson M, Bron S, Guex N, Faes-van't Hull E, Ifticene-Treboux A, Henry L, Lehr HA, Delaloye JF, Coukos G, Xenarios I, Doucey MA. TIE-2 and VEGFR kinase activities drive immunosuppressive function of TIE-2-expressing monocytes in human breast tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3439-49. [PMID: 23649001 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated TIE-2-expressing monocytes (TEM) are highly proangiogenic cells critical for tumor vascularization. We previously showed that, in human breast cancer, TIE-2 and VEGFR pathways control proangiogenic activity of TEMs. Here, we examine the contribution of these pathways to immunosuppressive activity of TEMs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the changes in immunosuppressive activity of TEMs and gene expression in response to specific kinase inhibitors of TIE-2 and VEGFR. The ability of tumor TEMs to suppress tumor-specific T-cell response mediated by tumor dendritic cells (DC) was measured in vitro. Characterization of TEM and DC phenotype in addition to their interaction with T cells was done using confocal microscopic images analysis of breast carcinomas. RESULTS TEMs from breast tumors are able to suppress tumor-specific immune responses. Importantly, proangiogenic and suppressive functions of TEMs are similarly driven by TIE-2 and VEGFR kinase activity. Furthermore, we show that tumor TEMs can function as antigen-presenting cells and elicit a weak proliferation of T cells. Blocking TIE-2 and VEGFR kinase activity induced TEMs to change their phenotype into cells with features of myeloid dendritic cells. We show that immunosuppressive activity of TEMs is associated with high CD86 surface expression and extensive engagement of T regulatory cells in breast tumors. TIE-2 and VEGFR kinase activity was also necessary to maintain high CD86 surface expression levels and to convert T cells into regulatory cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TEMs are plastic cells that can be reverted from suppressive, proangiogenic cells into cells that are able to mediate an antitumoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. PlGF: a multitasking cytokine with disease-restricted activity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:cshperspect.a011056. [PMID: 22908198 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family that also comprises VEGF-A (VEGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. Unlike VEGF, PlGF is dispensable for development and health but has diverse nonredundant roles in tissue ischemia, malignancy, inflammation, and multiple other diseases. Genetic and pharmacological gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies have identified molecular mechanisms of this multitasking cytokine and characterized the therapeutic potential of delivering or blocking PlGF for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, VIB Vesalius Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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A phase I, dose-escalation study of TB-403, a monoclonal antibody directed against PlGF, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:678-84. [PMID: 22333707 PMCID: PMC3322959 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: TB-403 (RO 5323441), a humanised monoclonal antibody, is a novel antiangiogenesis agent directed against placental growth factor. The safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antitumour activity of TB-403 were assessed in a phase I, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumours. Methods: Patients in sequential dose groups received either weekly doses of 1.25, 5.0, or 10 mg kg−1 or doses of 20 or 30 mg kg−1 every third week. Results: Twenty-three patients were enrolled and received TB-403. The most common adverse events (AEs) were fatigue, constipation, pyrexia, dyspnoea, and nausea. One serious AE, a lung embolus in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer treated with 10 mg kg−1 weekly, was deemed possibly related to TB-403. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and a maximum-tolerated dose was not reached. The PK parameters were dose linear and the terminal half-life values ranged from 9 to 14 days. Six patients exhibited stable disease for at least 8 weeks. Two patients, (oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma) both treated with 5 mg kg−1 weekly, remained stable for 12 months. Conclusion: TB-403 treatment in this patient population is well tolerated, with a safety profile distinct from that of vascular endothelial growth factor-axis inhibitors.
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