1
|
Zhang SW, Wang H, Ding XH, Xiao YL, Shao ZM, You C, Gu YJ, Jiang YZ. Bidirectional crosstalk between therapeutic cancer vaccines and the tumor microenvironment: Beyond tumor antigens. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:1005-1024. [PMID: 38933006 PMCID: PMC11197801 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has rejuvenated cancer therapy, especially after anti-PD-(L)1 came onto the scene. Among the many therapeutic options, therapeutic cancer vaccines are one of the most essential players. Although great progress has been made in research on tumor antigen vaccines, few phase III trials have shown clinical benefits. One of the reasons lies in obstruction from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, the therapeutic cancer vaccine reshapes the TME in an ambivalent way, leading to immune stimulation or immune escape. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the interaction between therapeutic cancer vaccines and the TME. With respect to vaccine resistance, innate immunosuppressive TME components and acquired resistance caused by vaccination are both involved. Understanding the underlying mechanism of this crosstalk provides insight into the treatment of cancer by directly targeting the TME or synergizing with other therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Jia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Liu W, Wang W, Ma Y, Wang Y, Drum DL, Cai J, Blevins H, Lee E, Shah S, Fisher PB, Wang X, Fang X, Guo C, Wang XY. CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation confers cancer cell resistance to immune-mediated cytolytic killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302878120. [PMID: 37722058 PMCID: PMC10523454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302878120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tumor-intrinsic fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is implicated in multiple aspects of tumorigenesis and progression, the impact of this metabolic pathway on cancer cell susceptibility to immunotherapy remains unknown. Here, we report that cytotoxicity of killer T cells induces activation of FAO and upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO in cancer cells. The repression of CPT1A activity or expression renders cancer cells more susceptible to destruction by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Our mechanistic studies reveal that FAO deficiency abrogates the prosurvival signaling in cancer cells under immune cytolytic stress. Furthermore, we identify T cell-derived IFN-γ as a major factor responsible for induction of CPT1A and FAO in an AMPK-dependent manner, indicating a dynamic interplay between immune effector cells and tumor targets. While cancer growth in the absence of CPT1A remains largely unaffected, established tumors upon FAO inhibition become significantly more responsive to cellular immunotherapies including chimeric antigen receptor-engineered human T cells. Together, these findings uncover a mode of cancer resistance and immune editing that can facilitate immune escape and limit the benefits of immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Yibao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - David L. Drum
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Hallie Blevins
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Eun Lee
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Syed Shah
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA23249
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA23249
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qian J, Yu X, Liu Z, Cai J, Manjili MH, Yang H, Guo C, Wang XY. SRA inhibition improves antitumor potency of antigen-targeted chaperone vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118781. [PMID: 36793731 PMCID: PMC9923017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that scavenger receptor A (SRA) acts as an immunosuppressive regulator of dendritic cell (DC) function in activating antitumor T cells. Here we investigate the potential of inhibiting SRA activity to enhance DC-targeted chaperone vaccines including one that was recently evaluated in melanoma patients. We show that short hairpin RNA-mediated SRA silencing significantly enhances the immunogenicity of DCs that have captured chaperone vaccines designed to target melanoma (i.e., hsp110-gp100) and breast cancer (i.e., hsp110-HER/Neu-ICD). SRA downregulation results in heightened activation of antigen-specific T cells and increased CD8+ T cell-dependent tumor inhibition. Additionally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) complexed with the biodegradable, biocompatible chitosan as a carrier can efficiently reduce SRA expression on CD11c+ DCs in vitro and in vivo. Our proof-of-concept study shows that direct administration of the chitosan-siRNA complex to mice promotes chaperone vaccine-elicited cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, culminating in improved eradication of experimental melanoma metastases. Targeting SRA with this chitosan-siRNA regimen combined with the chaperone vaccine also leads to reprogramming of the tumor environment, indicated by elevation of the cytokine genes (i.e., ifng, il12) known to skew Th1-like cellular immunity and increased tumor infiltration by IFN-γ+CD8+ CTLs as well as IL-12+CD11c+ DCs. Given the promising antitumor activity and safety profile of chaperone vaccine in cancer patients, further optimization of the chitosan-siRNA formulation to potentially broaden the immunotherapeutic benefits of chaperone vaccine is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Masoud H. Manjili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang H, Hu Y, Kong D, Chen P, Yang L. Intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guérin injections and hypo-fractionated radiation synergistically induce systemic antitumor immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109542. [PMID: 36521291 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy, an important treatment for multiple malignancies, produces systemic anti-tumor effects in combination with immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs). However, for some patients who do not respond to ICB treatment or show ICB-induced autoimmune symptoms, new alternatives need to be explored. Innovative immunomodulatory strategies, including the administration of immunostimulants, could be used to improve the immunogenicity induced by radiotherapy. In this study, we explored the synergistic effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) combined with hypo-fractionated radiotherapy (H-RT) in inducing anti-tumor immune responses. We observed the systemic and abscopal effects of this combination in mice with 4 T1 breast cancer. H-RT combined with BCG could remodel the immune microenvironment and alleviate leukocyte-like responses by increasing the infiltration of CD8 + T cells, promoting the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), decreasing the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, and downregulating the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines. Therefore, this combination could enhance the systemic anti-tumor response, leading to the regression of untreated synchronous tumors and a decrease in the systemic metastatic burden. These results highlight the potential of BCG in assisting antitumor therapy and the therapeutic potential of this combination treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanshan Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China; Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuru Hu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Deyi Kong
- Department of Encephalopathy, Jiang 'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Linglin Yang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moore PF. Histiocytic Diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:121-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Gudgeon J, Marín-Rubio JL, Trost M. The role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in inflammatory disorders and cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012002. [PMID: 36325338 PMCID: PMC9618966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), also named CD204, holds key inflammatory roles in multiple pathophysiologic processes. Present primarily on the surface of various types of macrophage, this receptor variably affects processes such as atherosclerosis, innate and adaptive immunity, lung and liver disease, and more recently, cancer. As highlighted throughout this review, the role of MSR1 is often dichotomous, being either host protective or detrimental to the pathogenesis of disease. We will discuss the role of MSR1 in health and disease with a focus on the molecular mechanisms influencing MSR1 expression, how altered expression affects disease process and macrophage function, the limited cell signalling pathways discovered thus far, the emerging role of MSR1 in tumour associated macrophages as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting MSR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Marín-Rubio
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Trost
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao Y, Zhu H, Chen Q, Huang H, Xie D, Li X, Jiang X, Ren C, Peng J. Integrated analysis of inflammatory response subtype-related signature to predict clinical outcomes, immune status and drug targets in lower-grade glioma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914667. [PMID: 36091778 PMCID: PMC9459010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The inflammatory response in the tumor immune microenvironment has implications for the progression and prognosis in glioma. However, few inflammatory response-related biomarkers for lower-grade glioma (LGG) prognosis and immune infiltration have been identified. We aimed to construct and identify the prognostic value of an inflammatory response-related signature, immune infiltration, and drug targets for LGG. Methods: The transcriptomic and clinical data of LGG samples and 200 inflammatory response genes were obtained from public databases. The LGG samples were separated into two inflammatory response-related subtypes based on differentially expressed inflammatory response genes between LGG and normal brain tissue. Next, inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) were determined through a difference analysis between the aforementioned two subtypes. An inflammatory response-related prognostic model was constructed using IRRGs by using univariate Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses and validated in an external database (CGGA database). ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms were conducted to evaluate immune infiltration. Additionally, we performed integrated analyses to investigate the correlation between the prognostic signature and N 6-methyladenosine mRNA status, stemness index, and drug sensitivity. We finally selected MSR1 from the prognostic signature for further experimental validation. Results: A total of nine IRRGs were identified to construct the prognostic signature for LGG. LGG patients in the high-risk group presented significantly reduced overall survival than those in the low-risk group. An ROC analysis confirmed the predictive power of the prognostic model. Multivariate analyses identified the risk score as an independent predictor for the overall survival. ssGSEA revealed that the immune status was definitely disparate between two risk subgroups, and immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4 were significantly expressed higher in the high-risk group. The risk score was strongly correlated with tumor stemness and m6A. The expression levels of the genes in the signature were significantly associated with the sensitivity of tumor cells to anti-tumor drugs. Finally, the knockdown of MSR1 suppressed LGG cell migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and proliferation. Conclusion: The study constructed a novel signature composed of nine IRRGs to predict the prognosis, potential drug targets, and impact immune infiltration status in LGG, which hold promise for screening prognostic biomarkers and guiding immunotherapy for LGG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongcheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xingjun Jiang, ; Caiping Ren, ; Jiahui Peng,
| | - Caiping Ren
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xingjun Jiang, ; Caiping Ren, ; Jiahui Peng,
| | - Jiahui Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xingjun Jiang, ; Caiping Ren, ; Jiahui Peng,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan Y, Flynn WF, Sivajothi S, Luo D, Bozal SB, Davé M, Luciano AA, Robson P, Luciano DE, Courtois ET. Single-cell analysis of endometriosis reveals a coordinated transcriptional programme driving immunotolerance and angiogenesis across eutopic and ectopic tissues. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1306-1318. [PMID: 35864314 PMCID: PMC9901845 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It affects many women during their reproductive age, causing years of pelvic pain and potential infertility. Its pathophysiology remains largely unknown, which limits early diagnosis and treatment. We characterized peritoneal and ovarian lesions at single-cell transcriptome resolution and compared them to matched eutopic endometrium, unaffected endometrium and organoids derived from these tissues, generating data on over 122,000 cells across 14 individuals. We spatially localized many of the cell types using imaging mass cytometry. We identify a perivascular mural cell specific to the peritoneal lesions, with dual roles in angiogenesis promotion and immune cell trafficking. We define an immunotolerant peritoneal niche, fundamental differences in eutopic endometrium and between lesion microenvironments and an unreported progenitor-like epithelial cell subpopulation. Altogether, this study provides a holistic view of the endometriosis microenvironment that represents a comprehensive cell atlas of the disease in individuals undergoing hormonal treatment, providing essential information for future therapeutics and diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Tan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032
| | - William F. Flynn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032
| | | | - Diane Luo
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032
| | - Suleyman B. Bozal
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032
| | - Monica Davé
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032
| | - Anthony A. Luciano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology at University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA 06032
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA 06032,Corresponding authors
| | - Danielle E. Luciano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology at University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA 06032,Corresponding authors
| | - Elise T. Courtois
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA 06032,Corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie Y, Jia Y, Li Z, Hu F. Scavenger receptor A in immunity and autoimmune diseases: Compelling evidence for targeted therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:461-477. [PMID: 35510370 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2072729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scavenger receptor A (SR-A) is reported to be involved in innate and adaptive immunity and in recent years, the soluble form of SR-A has also been identified. Intriguingly, SR-A displays double-edged sword features in different diseases. Moreover, targeted therapy on SR-A, including genetic modulation, small molecule inhibitor, inhibitory peptides, fucoidan, and blocking antibodies, provides potential strategies for treatment. Currently, therapeutics targeting SR-A are in preclinical studies and clinical trials, revealing great perspectives in future immunotherapy. AREAS COVERED Through searching PubMed (January 1979-March 2022) and clinicaltrials.gov, we review most of the research and clinical trials involving SR-A. This review briefly summarizes recent study advances on SR-A, with particular concern on its role in immunity and autoimmune diseases. EXPERT OPINION Given the emerging evidence of SR-A in immunity, its targeted therapy has been studied in various diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. However, many challenges still remain to be overcome, such as the double-sworded effects and the specific isoform targeting. For further clinical success of SR-A targeted therapy, the crystal structure illustration and the dual function discrimination of SR-A should be further investigated. Nevertheless, although challenging, targeting SR-A would be a potential effective strategy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and other immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pradhan AK, Bhoopathi P, Maji S, Kumar A, Guo C, Mannangatti P, Li J, Wang XY, Sarkar D, Emdad L, Das SK, Fisher PB. Enhanced Cancer Therapy Using an Engineered Designer Cytokine Alone and in Combination With an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812560. [PMID: 35402258 PMCID: PMC8988683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 or Interleukin-24 (mda-7, IL-24) displays expansive anti-tumor activity without harming corresponding normal cells/tissues. This anticancer activity has been documented in vitro and in vivo in multiple preclinical animal models, as well as in patients with advanced cancers in a phase I clinical trial. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MDA-7 (IL-24), we engineered a designer cytokine (a "Superkine"; IL-24S; referred to as M7S) with enhanced secretion and increased stability to engender improved "bystander" antitumor effects. M7S was engineered in a two-step process by first replacing the endogenous secretory motif with an alternate secretory motif to boost secretion. Among four different signaling peptides, the insulin secretory motif significantly enhanced the secretion of MDA-7 (IL-24) protein and was chosen for M7S. The second modification engineered in M7S was designed to enhance the stability of MDA-7 (IL-24), which was accomplished by replacing lysine at position K122 with arginine. This engineered "M7S Superkine" with increased secretion and stability retained cancer specificity. Compared to parental MDA-7 (IL-24), M7S (IL-24S) was superior in promoting anti-tumor and bystander effects leading to improved outcomes in multiple cancer xenograft models. Additionally, combinatorial therapy using MDA-7 (IL-24) or M7S (IL-24S) with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-L1, dramatically reduced tumor progression in murine B16 melanoma cells. These results portend that M7S (IL-24S) promotes the re-emergence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, providing a solid rationale for prospective translational applications of this therapeutic designer cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K. Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Padmanabhan Mannangatti
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jiong Li
- Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,*Correspondence: Swadesh K. Das, ; Paul B. Fisher,
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States,*Correspondence: Swadesh K. Das, ; Paul B. Fisher,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sørensen MD, Kristensen BW. TUMOUR-ASSOCIATED CD204+ MICROGLIA/MACROPHAGES ACCUMULATE IN PERIVASCULAR AND PERINECROTIC NICHES AND CORRELATE WITH AN INTERLEUKIN-6 ENRICHED INFLAMMATORY PROFILE IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12772. [PMID: 34713474 PMCID: PMC9306597 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dahl Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pharmacological inhibition of MDA-9/Syntenin blocks breast cancer metastasis through suppression of IL-1β. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103180118. [PMID: 34016751 PMCID: PMC8166168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (MDA-9), Syntenin-1, or syndecan binding protein is a differentially regulated prometastatic gene with elevated expression in advanced stages of melanoma. MDA-9/Syntenin expression positively associates with advanced disease stage in multiple histologically distinct cancers and negatively correlates with patient survival and response to chemotherapy. MDA-9/Syntenin is a highly conserved PDZ-domain scaffold protein, robustly expressed in a spectrum of diverse cancer cell lines and clinical samples. PDZ domains interact with a number of proteins, many of which are critical regulators of signaling cascades in cancer. Knockdown of MDA-9/Syntenin decreases cancer cell metastasis, sensitizing these cells to radiation. Genetic silencing of MDA-9/Syntenin or treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of the PDZ1 domain, PDZ1i, also activates the immune system to kill cancer cells. Additionally, suppression of MDA-9/Syntenin deregulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation via the STAT3/interleukin (IL)-1β pathway, which concomitantly promotes activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Biologically, PDZ1i treatment decreases metastatic nodule formation in the lungs, resulting in significantly fewer invasive cancer cells. In summary, our observations indicate that MDA-9/Syntenin provides a direct therapeutic target for mitigating aggressive breast cancer and a small-molecule inhibitor, PDZ1i, provides a promising reagent for inhibiting advanced breast cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Z, Guo C, Das SK, Yu X, Pradhan AK, Li X, Ning Y, Chen S, Liu W, Windle JJ, Bear HD, Manjili MH, Fisher PB, Wang XY. Engineering T Cells to Express Tumoricidal MDA-7/IL24 Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2429-2441. [PMID: 33727225 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapy can be limited by induced tumor immunoediting (e.g., antigen loss) or through failure to recognize antigen-negative tumor clones. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/IL24 (MDA-7/IL24) has profound tumor-specific cytotoxic effects in a broad spectrum of cancers. Here we report the enhanced therapeutic impact of genetically engineering mouse tumor-reactive or antigen-specific T cells to produce human MDA-7/IL24. While mock-transduced T cells only killed antigen-expressing tumor cells, MDA-7/IL24-producing T cells destroyed both antigen-positive and negative cancer targets. MDA-7/IL24-expressing T cells were superior to their mock-engineered counterparts in suppressing mouse prostate cancer and melanoma growth as well as metastasis. This enhanced antitumor potency correlated with increased tumor infiltration and expansion of antigen-specific T cells as well as induction of a Th1-skewed immunostimulatory tumor environment. MDA-7/IL24-potentiated T-cell expansion was dependent on T-cell-intrinsic STAT3 signaling. Finally, MDA-7/IL24-modified T-cell therapy significantly inhibited progression of spontaneous prostate cancers in Hi-Myc transgenic mice. Taken together, arming T cells with tumoricidal and immune-potentiating MDA-7/IL24 confers new capabilities of eradicating antigen-negative cancer cell clones and improving T-cell expansion within tumors. This promising approach may be used to optimize cellular immunotherapy for treating heterogeneous solid cancers and provides a mechanism for inhibiting tumor escape. SIGNIFICANCE: This research describes a novel strategy to overcome the antigenic heterogeneity of solid cancers and prevent tumor escape by engineering T lymphocytes to produce a broad-spectrum tumoricidal agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yanxia Ning
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shixian Chen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Harry D Bear
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia. .,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia. .,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu X, Wang XY. Antagonizing the innate pattern recognition receptor CD204 to improve dendritic cell-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:770-772. [PMID: 22934278 PMCID: PMC3429590 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have established a role of scavenger receptor CD204 in pattern recognition and ligand uptake. Strikingly, we recently revealed a previously unrecognized feature of CD204 action in attenuating T-cell activation and antitumor immunity. Blocking its activity in dendritic cells represents a promising approach to the improvement of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Richmond, VA USA ; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Richmond, VA USA ; VCU Massey Cancer Center; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Richmond, VA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu F, Jiang X, Guo C, Li Y, Chen S, Zhang W, Du Y, Wang P, Zheng X, Fang X, Li X, Song J, Xie Y, Huang F, Xue J, Bai M, Jia Y, Liu X, Ren L, Zhang X, Guo J, Pan H, Su Y, Yi H, Ye H, Zuo D, Li J, Wu H, Wang Y, Li R, Liu L, Wang XY, Li Z. Scavenger receptor-A is a biomarker and effector of rheumatoid arthritis: A large-scale multicenter study. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1911. [PMID: 32312978 PMCID: PMC7171100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is critical to improve outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but current diagnostic tools have limited sensitivity. Here we report a large-scale multicenter study involving training and validation cohorts of 3,262 participants. We show that serum levels of soluble scavenger receptor-A (sSR-A) are increased in patients with RA and correlate positively with clinical and immunological features of the disease. This discriminatory capacity of sSR-A is clinically valuable and complements the diagnosis for early stage and seronegative RA. sSR-A also has 15.97% prevalence in undifferentiated arthritis patients. Furthermore, administration of SR-A accelerates the onset of experimental arthritis in mice, whereas inhibition of SR-A ameliorates the disease pathogenesis. Together, these data identify sSR-A as a potential biomarker in diagnosis of RA, and targeting SR-A might be a therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA
| | - Yingni Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Shixian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Hospital Affiliated to Baotou Medical College & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Baotou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Jimeng Xue
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Limin Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Hudan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA
- Central laboratory of Eastern Division, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Hospital Affiliated to Baotou Medical College & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Baotou, China
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, USA.
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ribonucleic Acid Engineering of Dendritic Cells for Therapeutic Vaccination: Ready 'N Able to Improve Clinical Outcome? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020299. [PMID: 32012714 PMCID: PMC7072269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting and exploiting the immune system has become a valid alternative to conventional options for treating cancer and infectious disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) take a central place given their role as key orchestrators of immunity. Therapeutic vaccination with autologous DCs aims to stimulate the patient's own immune system to specifically target his/her disease and has proven to be an effective form of immunotherapy with very little toxicity. A great amount of research in this field has concentrated on engineering these DCs through ribonucleic acid (RNA) to improve vaccine efficacy and thereby the historically low response rates. We reviewed in depth the 52 clinical trials that have been published on RNA-engineered DC vaccination, spanning from 2001 to date and reporting on 696 different vaccinated patients. While ambiguity prevents reliable quantification of effects, these trials do provide evidence that RNA-modified DC vaccination can induce objective clinical responses and survival benefit in cancer patients through stimulation of anti-cancer immunity, without significant toxicity. Succinct background knowledge of RNA engineering strategies and concise conclusions from available clinical and recent preclinical evidence will help guide future research in the larger domain of DC immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo C, Chen S, Liu W, Ma Y, Li J, Fisher PB, Fang X, Wang XY. Immunometabolism: A new target for improving cancer immunotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 143:195-253. [PMID: 31202359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental metabolic pathways are essential for mammalian cells to provide energy, precursors for biosynthesis of macromolecules, and reducing power for redox regulation. While dysregulated metabolism (e.g., aerobic glycolysis also known as the Warburg effect) has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, recent discoveries of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells during their activation and differentiation have led to an emerging concept of "immunometabolism." Considering the recent success of cancer immunotherapy in the treatment of several cancer types, increasing research efforts are being made to elucidate alterations in metabolic profiles of cancer and immune cells during their interplays in the setting of cancer progression and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in studies of metabolic reprogramming in cancer as well as differentiation and functionality of various immune cells. In particular, we will elaborate how distinct metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment cause functional impairment of immune cells and contribute to immune evasion by cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential of metabolically reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to promote effective and long-lasting antitumor immunity for improved immunotherapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shixian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yibao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
miR-142-5p regulates CD4+ T cells in human non-small cell lung cancer through PD-L1 expression via the PTEN pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:272-282. [PMID: 29767245 PMCID: PMC6059749 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the function of microRNA (miR)-142-5p on cancer immunity to induce apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its mechanism. miR-142-5p expression was upregulated, and CD4+ T cell levels were reduced in patients with NSCLC. Overexpression of miR-142-5p expression inhibited the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on NSCLC cell lines, and downregulation of miR-142-5p increased the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on NSCLC cell lines, compared with the control group. In addition, we found that overexpression of miR-142-5p suppressed PTEN protein expression and induced PI3K, p-Akt and PD-L1 protein expression in an in vitro model of NSCLC. Downregulation of miR-142-5p induced PTEN and PD-L1 protein expression and suppressed PI3K and p-Akt and protein expression in an in vitro model of NSCLC. The suppression of PD-L1 reduced the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on NSCLC cell lines following miR-142-5p downregulation. The inhibition of PTEN also reduced the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on NSCLC cell lines following miR-142-5p downregulation. Therefore, our study demonstrated that miR-142-5p regulated CD4+ T cells in human NSCLC through PD-L1 expression via the PTEN pathway.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hargadon KM. Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Melanoma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1594. [PMID: 29209327 PMCID: PMC5702020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer that frequently metastasizes to vital organs, where it is often difficult to treat with traditional therapies such as surgery and radiation. In such cases of metastatic disease, immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as an exciting treatment option for melanoma patients. Despite unprecedented successes with immune therapy in the clinic, many patients still experience disease relapse, and others fail to respond at all, thus highlighting the need to better understand factors that influence the efficacy of antitumor immune responses. At the heart of antitumor immunity are dendritic cells (DCs), an innate population of cells that function as critical regulators of immune tolerance and activation. As such, DCs have the potential to serve as important targets and delivery agents of cancer immunotherapies. Even immunotherapies that do not directly target or employ DCs, such as checkpoint blockade therapy and adoptive cell transfer therapy, are likely to rely on DCs that shape the quality of therapy-associated antitumor immunity. Therefore, understanding factors that regulate the function of tumor-associated DCs is critical for optimizing both current and future immunotherapeutic strategies for treating melanoma. To this end, this review focuses on advances in our understanding of DC function in the context of melanoma, with particular emphasis on (1) the role of immunogenic cell death in eliciting tumor-associated DC activation, (2) immunosuppression of DC function by melanoma-associated factors in the tumor microenvironment, (3) metabolic constraints on the activation of tumor-associated DCs, and (4) the role of the microbiome in shaping the immunogenicity of DCs and the overall quality of anti-melanoma immune responses they mediate. Additionally, this review highlights novel DC-based immunotherapies for melanoma that are emerging from recent progress in each of these areas of investigation, and it discusses current issues and questions that will need to be addressed in future studies aimed at optimizing the function of melanoma-associated DCs and the antitumor immune responses they direct against this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M. Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang M, Chun L, Sandoval V, Graor H, Myers J, Nthale J, Rauhe P, Senders Z, Choong K, Huang AY, Kim J. Systemic administration of β-glucan of 200 kDa modulates melanoma microenvironment and suppresses metastatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1387347. [PMID: 29308312 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1387347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Converting an immunosuppressive melanoma microenvironment into one that favors the induction of antitumor immunity is indispensable for effective cancer immunotherapy. In the current study we demonstrate that oat-derived β-(1-3)-(1-4)-glucan of 200 kDa molecular size (BG34-200) previously shown to mediate direct interaction with macrophages could alter the immune signature within melanoma microenvironment. Systemic administration of BG34-200 resulted in reversion of tolerant melanoma microenvironment to an immunogenic one that allows M1-type activation of macrophages, the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL9, and CXCL10, and enhanced IRF1 and PD-L1 expression. In turn, BG34-200 induced a superior antitumor response against primary and lung metastatic B16F10 melanoma compared to untreated controls. The enhanced tumor destruction was accompanied with significantly increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as elevated IFN-γ in the tumor sites. Systemic administration of BG34-200 also provoked systemic activation of tumor draining lymph node T cells that recognize antigens naturally expressing in melanoma (gp100/PMEL). Mechanistic studies using CD11b-knockout (KO), CD11 c-DTR transgenic mice and nude mice revealed that macrophages, DCs, T cells and NK cells were all required for the BG34-200-induced therapeutic benefit. Studies using IFN-γ-KO transgenic mice showed that IFN-γ was essential for the BG34-200-elicited antitumor response. Beyond melanoma, the therapeutic efficacy of BG34-200 and its immune stimulating activity were demonstrated in a mouse model of osteosarcoma. Together, BG34-200 is highly effective in modulating antitumor immunity. Our data support the potential therapeutic use of this novel immune modulator in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Liane Chun
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Victor Sandoval
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hallie Graor
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jay Myers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University; Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Nthale
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University; Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Peter Rauhe
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University; Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Senders
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kevin Choong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University; Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Julian Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Understanding molecular interactions between scavenger receptor A and its natural product inhibitors through molecular modeling studies. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:189-199. [PMID: 28869863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor A (SRA), as an immune regulator, has been shown to play important roles in lipid metabolism, cardiovascular diseases, and pathogen recognition. Several natural product inhibitors of SRA have been studied for their potential application in modulating SRA functions. To understand the binding mode of these inhibitors on SRA, we conducted systematic molecular modeling studies in order to identify putative binding domain(s) that may be responsible for their recognition to the receptor as well as their inhibitory activity. Treatment of SRA with one of the natural product inhibitors, rhein, led to significant dissociation of SRA oligomers to its trimer and dimer forms, which further supported our hypothesis on their putative mechanism of action. Such information is believed to shed light on design of more potent inhibitors for the receptor in order to develop potential therapeutics through immune system modulation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abraham RS, Mitchell DA. Gene-modified dendritic cell vaccines for cancer. Cytotherapy 2017; 18:1446-1455. [PMID: 27745604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are an immunotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment that use the antigen-presentation machinery of DCs to activate an endogenous anti-tumor response. In this treatment strategy, DCs are cultured ex vivo, exposed to tumor antigens and administered to the patient. The ex vivo culturing provides a unique and powerful opportunity to modify and enhance the DCs. As such, a variety of genetic engineering approaches have been employed to optimize DC vaccines, including the introduction of messenger RNA and small interfering RNA, viral gene transduction, and even fusion with whole tumor cells. In general, these modifications aim to improve targeting, enhance immunogenicity, and reduce susceptibility to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It has been demonstrated that several of these modifications can be employed in tandem, allowing for fine-tuning and optimization of the DC vaccine across multiple metrics. Thus, the application of genetic engineering techniques to the dendritic cell vaccine platform has the potential to greatly enhance its efficacy in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Abraham
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Design, synthesis, and characterization of rhein analogs as novel inhibitors of scavenger receptor A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:72-76. [PMID: 27884693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor A (SRA) has been known as an immunosuppressive factor and therefore therapeutic inhibition of SRA may be potentially exploited for cancer immunotherapy. Our previously work suggested that rhein may act as an inhibitor of SRA in reversing immunosuppression of SRA during T cells activation. Herein, three deconstruction analogs of rhein, compound 1, 2, and 3, were further studied as inhibitors of SRA. These three compounds, particularly compound 1, also known as a natural product danthron, enhanced T cells activation, indicated by increased transcriptional activation of interleukin 2 (Il2) gene, production of IL-2 protein, and proliferation of T cells. Additionally, the interaction between these compounds and SRA was studied by molecular modeling. Compound 1 showed a favorable binding mode with the cysteine rich domain of SRA protein compared to compound 2 and 3. Collectively, those results would provide insight for future design and development of next generation rhein derivatives as SRA inhibitors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Menezes ME, Shen XN, Das SK, Emdad L, Guo C, Yuan F, Li YJ, Archer MC, Zacksenhaus E, Windle JJ, Subler MA, Ben-David Y, Sarkar D, Wang XY, Fisher PB. MDA-7/IL-24 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in vivo in transgenic mouse models of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36928-42. [PMID: 26474456 PMCID: PMC4741906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/Interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24) is a novel member of the IL-10 gene family that selectively induces apoptosis and toxic autophagy in a broad spectrum of human cancers, including breast cancer, without harming normal cells or tissues. The ability to investigate the critical events underlying cancer initiation and progression, as well as the capacity to test the efficacy of novel therapeutics, has been significantly advanced by the development of genetically engineered mice (GEMs) that accurately recapitulate specific human cancers. We utilized three transgenic mouse models to better comprehend the in vivo role of MDA-7/IL-24 in breast cancer. Using the MMTV-PyMT spontaneous mammary tumor model, we confirmed that exogenously introducing MDA-7/IL-24 using a Cancer Terminator Virus caused a reduction in tumor burden and also produced an antitumor "bystander" effect. Next we performed xenograft studies in a newly created MMTV-MDA-7 transgenic model that over-expresses MDA-7/IL-24 in the mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation, and found that MDA-7/IL-24 overexpression delayed tumor growth following orthotopic injection of a murine PDX tumor cell line (mPDX) derived from a tumor formed in an MMTV-PyMT mouse. We also crossed the MMTV-MDA-7 line to MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mice and found that MDA-7/IL-24 overexpression delayed the onset of mammary tumor development in this model of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis as well. Finally, we assessed the role of MDA-7/IL-24 in immune regulation, which can potentially contribute to tumor suppression in vivo. Our findings provide further direct in vivo evidence for the role of MDA-7/IL-24 in tumor suppression in breast cancer in immune-competent transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E. Menezes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - You-Jun Li
- Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Michael C. Archer
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jolene J. Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark A. Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Biology, the Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tagliamonte M, Petrizzo A, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Antigen-specific vaccines for cancer treatment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3332-46. [PMID: 25483639 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.973317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines targeting pathogens are generally effective and protective because based on foreign non-self antigens which are extremely potent in eliciting an immune response. On the contrary, efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines is still disappointing. One of the major reasons for such poor outcome, among others, is the difficulty of identifying tumor-specific target antigens which should be unique to the tumors or, at least, overexpressed on the tumors as compared to normal cells. Indeed, this is the only option to overcome the peripheral immune tolerance and elicit a non toxic immune response. New and more potent strategies are now available to identify specific tumor-associated antigens for development of cancer vaccine approaches aiming at eliciting targeted anti-tumor cellular responses. In the last years this aspect has been addressed and many therapeutic vaccination strategies based on either whole tumor cells or specific antigens have been and are being currently evaluated in clinical trials. This review summarizes the current state of cancer vaccines, mainly focusing on antigen-specific approaches.
Collapse
Key Words
- APCs, antigen-presenting cell
- BCG, Bacille Calmette-Guerin
- BCR, B-cell receptor
- CDCA1, cell division cycle associated 1
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CT, Cancer-testis
- CTL, cytotoxic T-lympocites
- DCs, dendritic cells
- EGT, electro-gene-transfer
- FDA, Food & drug administration
- GB, glioblastoma
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HSPs, stress/heat shock proteins
- IFNg, interferon gamma
- Ig Id, immunoglobulin idiotype
- LPs, long peptides
- MAGE-A1, Melanoma-associated antigen 1
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MVA, modified vaccinia strain Ankara
- NSCLC, non-small-cell lung carcinoma
- PAP, prostatic acid phosphatase
- PRRs, Pattern Recognition Receptors
- PSA, Prostate-specific antigen
- RCR, renal cell cancer
- SSX-2, Synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2
- TAAs, tumor-associated antigens
- TACAs, Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens
- TARP, T-cell receptor gamma alternate reading frame protein
- TLRs, Toll-Like Receptors
- TPA, transporter associated with antigen processing
- WES, whole exome sequencing
- WGS, whole genome sequencing
- cancer vaccine
- clinical trials
- epitopes
- hTERT, human Telomerase reverse transcriptase
- immunotherapeutics
- mCRPC, metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer
- tumor-associated antigens
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tagliamonte
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology; Department of Experimental Oncology; Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori; "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS ; Naples , Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan B, Shen H, Lin L, Su T, Huang Z, Yang Z. Scavenger receptor SRA attenuates TLR4-induced microglia activation in intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 289:87-92. [PMID: 26616876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor A (SRA) has been shown to participate in the pattern recognition of pathogen infection. However, its role in intracerebral hemorrhage has not been well defined. In this study, we detected SRA and TLR4 expression and inflammatory response of microglia treated with erythrocyte lysate in vitro, and observed the cerebral water content and neurological deficit of ICH mice in vivo. We found that SRA deficiency leads to greater sensitivity to erythrocyte lysate-induced inflammatory response. SRA down-regulated inflammatory response expression in microglia by suppressing TLR4-induced activation. Collectively, we have identified the molecular linkage between SRA and the TLR4 signaling pathways in ICH. And our results reveal that SRA has important clinical implications for TLR-targeted immunotherapeutical strategy in ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangqing Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Hanchao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Tonggang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Zemin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yuan Y, Li X, Zaidi SA, Arnatt CK, Yu X, Guo C, Wang XY, Zhang Y. Small molecule inhibits activity of scavenger receptor A: Lead identification and preliminary studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3179-83. [PMID: 26094120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor A (SRA) has been implicated in the processes of tumor invasion and acts as an immunosuppressor during therapeutic cancer vaccination. Pharmacological inhibition of SRA function thus holds a great potential to improve treatment outcome of cancer therapy. Macromolecular natural product sennoside B was recently shown to block SRA function. Here we report the identification and characterization of a small molecule SRA inhibitor rhein. Rhein, a deconstructed analog of sennoside B, reversed the suppressive activity of SRA in dendritic cell-primed T cell activation, indicated by transcription activation of il2 gene and production of IL-2. Rhein also inhibited SRA ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) induced activation of transcriptional factors, including interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Additionally, this newly identified lead compound was docked into the homology models of the SRA cysteine rich domain to gain insights into its interaction with the receptor. It was then found that rhein can favorably interact with SRA cysteine rich domain. Collectively, rhein, being the first identified small molecule inhibitors for SRA, warrants further structure-activity relationship studies, which may lead to development of novel pharmacological intervention for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Christopher K Arnatt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Histiocytic proliferative disorders are commonly observed in dogs and less often cats. Histiocytic disorders occur in most of the dendritic cell (DC) lineages. Canine cutaneous histiocytoma originates from Langerhans cells (LCs) indicated by expression of CD1a, CD11c/CD18, and E-cadherin. When histiocytomas occur as multiple lesions in skin with optional metastasis to lymph nodes and internal organs, the disease resembles cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis of humans. Langerhans cell disorders do not occur in feline skin. Feline pulmonary LCH has been recognized as a cause of respiratory failure due to diffuse pulmonary infiltration by histiocytes, which express CD18 and E-cadherin and contain Birbeck's granules. In dogs and cats, histiocytic sarcomas (HS) arise from interstitial DCs that occur in most tissues of the body. Histiocytic sarcomas begin as localized lesions, which rapidly disseminate to many organs. Primary sites include spleen, lung, skin, brain (meninges), lymph node, bone marrow, and synovial tissues of limbs. An indolent form of localized HS, progressive histiocytosis, originates in the skin of cats. Hemophagocytic HS originates in splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages in dogs and cats. In dogs, histiocytes in hemophagocytic HS express CD11d/CD18, which is a leuko-integrin highly expressed by macrophages in splenic red pulp and bone marrow. Canine reactive histiocytic diseases, systemic histiocytosis (SH) and cutaneous histiocytosis, are complex inflammatory diseases with underlying immune dysregulation. The lesions are dominated by activated interstitial DCs and lymphocytes, which invade vessel walls and extend as vasocentric infiltrates in skin, lymph nodes, and internal organs (SH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 4206 VM3A, 1 Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Murshid A, Gong J, Prince T, Borges TJ, Calderwood SK. Scavenger receptor SREC-I mediated entry of TLR4 into lipid microdomains and triggered inflammatory cytokine release in RAW 264.7 cells upon LPS activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122529. [PMID: 25836976 PMCID: PMC4383338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor associated with endothelial cells I (SREC-I) was shown to be expressed in immune cells and to play a role in the endocytosis of peptides and antigen presentation. As our previous studies indicated that SREC-I required intact Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression for its functions in tumor immunity, we examined potential interactions between these two receptors. We have shown here that SREC-I became associated with TLR4 on binding bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in RAW 264.7 and HEK 293 cells overexpressing these two receptors. The receptors then became internalized together in intracellular endosomes. SREC-I promoted TLR4-induced signal transduction through the NF-kB and MAP kinase pathways, leading to enhanced inflammatory cytokine release. Activation of inflammatory signaling through SREC-I/TLR4 complexes appeared to involve recruitment of the receptors into detergent-insoluble, cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains that contained the small GTPase Cdc42 and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-src. Under conditions of SREC-I activation by LPS, TLR4 activity required Cdc42 as well as cholesterol and actin polymerization for signaling through NF-kB and MAP kinase pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. SREC-I appeared to respond differently to another ligand, the molecular chaperone Hsp90 that, while triggering SREC-I-TLR4 binding caused only faint activation of the NF-kB pathway. Our experiments therefore indicated that SREC-I could bind LPS and might be involved in innate inflammatory immune responses to extracellular danger signals in RAW 264.7 cells or bone marrow-derived macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Murshid
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jianlin Gong
- Stress Response Center, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Prince
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thiago J. Borges
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stuart K. Calderwood
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang Z, Zhong S, Liu Y, Shen H, Yuan B. Scavenger receptor SRA attenuates microglia activation and protects neuroinflammatory injury in intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 278:232-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
Guo C, Manjili MH, Subjeck JR, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, Wang XY. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: past, present, and future. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 119:421-75. [PMID: 23870514 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines represent a viable option for active immunotherapy of cancers that aim to treat late stage disease by using a patient's own immune system. The promising results from clinical trials recently led to the approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This major breakthrough not only provides a new treatment modality for cancer management but also paves the way for rationally designing and optimizing future vaccines with improved anticancer efficacy. Numerous vaccine strategies are currently being evaluated both preclinically and clinically. This review discusses therapeutic cancer vaccines from diverse platforms or targets as well as the preclinical and clinical studies employing these therapeutic vaccines. We also consider tumor-induced immune suppression that hinders the potency of therapeutic vaccines, and potential strategies to counteract these mechanisms for generating more robust and durable antitumor immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dong H, Bullock TNJ. Metabolic influences that regulate dendritic cell function in tumors. Front Immunol 2014; 5:24. [PMID: 24523723 PMCID: PMC3906600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are critical regulators of both activation and tolerance in the adaptive immune response. The dual nature of DC immunoregulatory function depends on their differentiation and activation status. DC found within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-draining lymph node often exist in an inactive state, which is thought to limit the adaptive immune response elicited by the growing tumor. The major determinants of DC activation and the functional alterations in DC that result from integrating exogenous stimuli have been well investigated. Extensive efforts have been made to elucidate how the TME contributes to the inactivated/dysfunctional phenotype of tumor-associated DC (TADC). Although performed predominantly on in vitro DC cultures, recent evidence indicates that DC undergo required, coordinated alterations in their metabolism upon activation, and dysregulated metabolism in TADC is associated with their reduced immunostimulatory capacity. In this review, we will focus on the role of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism in DC activation and function and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be regulated in TADC. Further, we consider the need for developing novel experimental approaches to assess metabolic choices in vivo, and the necessity for integrating metabolic regulation into the optimized development of DC for tumor vaccines and immunotherapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Dong
- Experimental Pathology Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang XY, Subjeck JR. High molecular weight stress proteins: Identification, cloning and utilisation in cancer immunotherapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:364-75. [PMID: 23829534 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.803607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the large stress/heat shock proteins (HSPs), i.e. Hsp110 and Grp170, were identified over 30 years ago, these abundant and highly conserved molecules have received much less attention compared to other conventional HSPs. Large stress proteins act as molecular chaperones with exceptional protein-holding capability and prevent the aggregation of proteins induced by thermal stress. The chaperoning properties of Hsp110 and Grp170 are integral to the ability of these molecules to modulate immune functions and are essential for developing large chaperone complex vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. The potent anti-tumour activity of the Hsp110/Grp170-tumour protein antigen complexes demonstrated in preclinical studies has led to a phase I clinical trial through the National Cancer Institute's rapid access to intervention development (RAID) programme that is presently underway. Here we review aspects of the structure and function of these large stress proteins, their roles as molecular chaperones in the biology of cell stress, and prospects for their use in immune regulation and cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we will discuss the recently revealed immunosuppressive activity of scavenger receptor A that binds to Hsp110 and Grp170, as well as the feasibility of targeting this receptor to promote T-cell activation and anti-tumour immunity induced by large HSP vaccines and other immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fukasaka M, Ori D, Kawagoe T, Uematsu S, Maruyama K, Okazaki T, Kozaki T, Imamura T, Tartey S, Mino T, Satoh T, Akira S, Takeuchi O. Critical Role of AZI2 in GM-CSF–Induced Dendritic Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5702-11. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches have been gaining attention in the field of cancer treatment because of their possible ability to eradicate cancer cells as well as metastases by recruiting the host immune system. On the other hand, RNA-based therapeutics with the ability to silence expression of specific targets are currently under clinical investigation for various disorders including cancer. As the mechanisms of tumor evasion from the host immune system are versatile, different molecules have the capacity to be targeted by RNAi technology in order to enhance the immune response against tumors. This technology has been used to silence specific targets in tumor cells, as well as immune cells in cancer cell lines, animal models and clinical trials. siRNAs can also stimulate innate immune responses through activation of Toll-like receptors. Although currently clinical trials of the application of siRNA in cancer immunotherapy are few, it is predicted that in future this technology will be used broadly in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu X, Guo C, Yi H, Qian J, Fisher PB, Subjeck JR, Wang XY. A multifunctional chimeric chaperone serves as a novel immune modulator inducing therapeutic antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2093-103. [PMID: 23333935 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Converting the immunosuppressive tumor environment into one that is favorable to the induction of antitumor immunity is indispensable for effective cancer immunotherapy. Here, we strategically incorporate a pathogen (i.e., flagellin)-derived, NF-κB-stimulating "danger" signal into the large stress protein or chaperone Grp170 (HYOU1/ORP150) that was previously shown to facilitate antigen crosspresentation. This engineered chimeric molecule (i.e., Flagrp170) is capable of transporting tumor antigens and concurrently inducing functional activation of dendritic cells (DC). Intratumoral administration of adenoviruses expressing Flagrp170 induces a superior antitumor response against B16 melanoma and its distant lung metastasis compared with unmodified Grp170 and flagellin. The enhanced tumor destruction is accompanied with significantly increased tumor infiltration by CD8(+) cells as well as elevation of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-12 levels in the tumor sites. In situ Ad.Flagrp170 therapy provokes systemic activation of CTLs that recognize several antigens naturally expressing in melanoma (e.g., gp100/PMEL and TRP2/DCT). The mechanistic studies using CD11c-DTR transgenic mice and Batf3-deficient mice reveal that CD8α(+) DCs are required for the improved T-cell crosspriming. Antibody neutralization assays show that IL-12 and IFN-γ are essential for the Flagrp170-elicited antitumor response, which also involves CD8(+) T cells and natural killer cells. The therapeutic efficacy of Flagrp170 and its immunostimulating activity are also confirmed in mouse prostate cancer and colon carcinoma. Together, targeting the tumor microenvironment with this chimeric chaperone is highly effective in mobilizing or restoring antitumor immunity, supporting the potential therapeutic use of this novel immunomodulator in the treatment of metastatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zuo D, Yu X, Guo C, Wang H, Qian J, Yi H, Lu X, Lv ZP, Subjeck JR, Zhou H, Sanyal AJ, Chen Z, Wang XY. Scavenger receptor A restrains T-cell activation and protects against concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury. Hepatology 2013; 57:228-38. [PMID: 22821642 PMCID: PMC3491179 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Negative feedback immune mechanisms are essential for maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and prevention of immune-mediated liver injury. We show here that scavenger receptor A (SRA/CD204), a pattern recognition molecule, is highly up-regulated in the livers of patients with autoimmune or viral hepatitis, and of mice during concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis (CIH). Strikingly, genetic SRA ablation strongly sensitizes mice to Con A-induced liver injury. SRA loss, increased mortality and liver pathology correlate with excessive production of IFN-γ and heightened activation of T cells. Increased liver expression of SRA primarily occurs in mobilized hepatic myeloid cells during CIH, including CD11b(+) Gr-1(+) cells. Mechanistic studies establish that SRA on these cells functions as a negative regulator limiting T-cell activity and cytokine production. SRA-mediated protection from CIH is further validated by adoptive transfer of SRA(+) hepatic mononuclear cells or administration of a lentivirus-expressing SRA, which effectively ameliorates Con A-induced hepatic injury. Also, CIH and clinical hepatitis are associated with increased levels of soluble SRA. This soluble SRA displays a direct T-cell inhibitory effect and is capable of mitigating Con A-induced liver pathology. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate an unexpected role of SRA in attenuation of Con A-induced, T-cell-mediated hepatic injury. We propose that SRA serves as an important negative feedback mechanism in liver immune homeostasis, and may be exploited for therapeutic treatment of inflammatory liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zuo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Jie Qian
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John R. Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY14263, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Guo C, Yi H, Yu X, Zuo D, Qian J, Yang G, Foster BA, Subjeck JR, Sun X, Mikkelsen RB, Fisher PB, Wang XY. In situ vaccination with CD204 gene-silenced dendritic cell, not unmodified dendritic cell, enhances radiation therapy of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2331-41. [PMID: 22896667 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Given the complexity of prostate cancer progression and metastasis, multimodalities that target different aspects of tumor biology, for example, radiotherapy in conjunction with immunotherapy, may provide the best opportunities for promoting clinical benefits in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. Here, we show that intratumoral administration of unmodified dendritic cells (DC) failed to synergize with fractionated radiotherapy. However, ionizing radiation combined with in situ vaccination with DCs, in which the immunosuppressive scavenger receptor A (SRA/CD204) has been downregulated by lentivirus-mediated gene silencing, profoundly suppressed the growth of two mouse prostate cancers (e.g., RM1 and TRAMP-C2) and prolonged the lifespan of tumor-bearing animals. Treatment of subcutaneous tumors with this novel combinatorial radioimmunotherapeutic regimen resulted in a significant reduction in distant experimental metastases. SRA/CD204-silenced DCs were highly efficient in generating antigen or tumor-specific T cells with increased effector functions (e.g., cytokine production and tumoricidal activity). SRA/CD204 silencing-enhanced tumor cell death was associated with elevated IFN-γ levels in tumor tissue and increased tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) cells. IFN-γ neutralization or depletion of CD8(+) cells abrogated the SRA/CD204 downregulation-promoted antitumor efficacy, indicating a critical role of IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells. Therefore, blocking SRA/CD204 activity significantly enhances the therapeutic potency of local radiotherapy combined with in situ DC vaccination by promoting a robust systemic antitumor immunity. Further studies are warranted to test this novel combinatorial approach for translating into improved clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Murshid A, Gong J, Calderwood SK. The role of heat shock proteins in antigen cross presentation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:63. [PMID: 22566944 PMCID: PMC3342350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind tumor antigens and mediate their uptake into antigen presenting cells. HSP–antigen complexes are then directed toward either the MHC class I pathway through antigen cross presentation or the conventional class II pathway, leading to activation of T cell subsets. Uptake of HSP-chaperoned polypeptides can involve both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent routes, and mechanisms of antigen sorting between the Class I and II pathways after uptake are currently under investigation. The processes involved in internalization of HSP–antigen complexes differ somewhat from the mechanisms previously determined for (unchaperoned) particulate and free soluble antigens. A number of studies show that HSP-facilitated antigen cross presentation requires uptake of the complexes by scavenger receptors (SR) followed by processing in the proteasome, and loading onto MHC class I molecules. In this review we have examined the roles of HSPs and SR in antigen uptake, sorting, processing, cell signaling, and activation of innate and adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Murshid
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|