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Venkateswaran N, Garcia R, Lafita-Navarro MC, Hao YH, Perez-Castro L, Nogueira PAS, Solmonson A, Mender I, Kilgore JA, Fang S, Brown IN, Li L, Parks E, Lopes Dos Santos I, Bhaskar M, Kim J, Jia Y, Lemoff A, Grishin NV, Kinch L, Xu L, Williams NS, Shay JW, DeBerardinis RJ, Zhu H, Conacci-Sorrell M. Tryptophan fuels MYC-dependent liver tumorigenesis through indole 3-pyruvate synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4266. [PMID: 38769298 PMCID: PMC11106337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic activities and nutritional dependencies compared to normal cells. Thus, characterization of nutrient demands by individual tumor types may identify specific vulnerabilities that can be manipulated to target the destruction of cancer cells. We find that MYC-driven liver tumors rely on augmented tryptophan (Trp) uptake, yet Trp utilization to generate metabolites in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is reduced. Depriving MYC-driven tumors of Trp through a No-Trp diet not only prevents tumor growth but also restores the transcriptional profile of normal liver cells. Despite Trp starvation, protein synthesis remains unhindered in liver cancer cells. We define a crucial role for the Trp-derived metabolite indole 3-pyruvate (I3P) in liver tumor growth. I3P supplementation effectively restores the growth of liver cancer cells starved of Trp. These findings suggest that I3P is a potential therapeutic target in MYC-driven cancers. Developing methods to target this metabolite represents a potential avenue for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Venkateswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Roy Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yi-Heng Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lizbeth Perez-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Pedro A S Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Solmonson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jessica A Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shun Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Isabella N Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Emily Parks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Igor Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mahima Bhaskar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Kinch
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Lechner A, Kumbrink J, Walz C, Jung A, Baumeister P, Flach S. Molecular characterization of the evolution of premalignant lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1364958. [PMID: 38706595 PMCID: PMC11067708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1364958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early relapse and development of metastatic disease are some of the primary reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC is a heterogeneous disease which may develop in large premalignant fields of genetically altered cells. Yet knowing which individuals will progress and develop clinically significant cancers during their lifetimes remains one of the most important challenges of reducing HNSCC morbidity and mortality. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we performed a focused analysis of the genome and immune microenvironment from multiple, matched normal squamous tissue, premalignant lesions, as well as primary and recurrent tumors from seven patients with p16-negative HNSCC. Methods We performed targeted panel Next Generation Sequencing (161 genes) to analyze somatic variants from sequentially collected, matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (normal, premalignant, HNSCC) from two patients. These samples plus samples from five additional patients were analyzed with the Nanostring PanCancer Immune Panel. In addition, we performed shallow whole genome sequencing (0.5x coverage on average) on samples from three of these patients. Patients were, apart from one case, primarily treated with curative-intent surgery, and received subsequent adjuvant treatment, if indicated. Results The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 and NOTCH1. Other mutated genes included NOTCH3 and CDKN2A, among others. A significant number of mutations were private to dysplasia and invasive carcinoma, respectively, however, almost 20% were shared between them. Increasing genomic instability was observed when comparing histologically normal squamous mucosa with higher levels of dysplasia. High-grade dysplasia showed similarly rearranged genomes as invasive carcinoma. Pathways related to interferon alpha and gamma response were upregulated even in moderate dysplastic lesions with increasing expression in higher grades of dysplasia and carcinoma. SPINK5, a known tumor suppressor gene in HNSCC, was already downregulated in low-grade dysplastic lesions, indicating an early deactivation in the evolution of the disease. Conclusion Genomic alterations as well as aberrant immune gene expression can be observed early in the evolution of tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, highlighting the potential for targeting early mechanisms of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Lechner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Flach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hou Y, Li J, Ying S. Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulatory Axis Integrating the Microbiome, Immunity, and Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37999261 PMCID: PMC10673612 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota form an integrated regulatory axis that impacts immunity, metabolism, and cancer. This review consolidated current knowledge on the bidirectional interactions between microbial tryptophan processing and the host. We focused on how the gut microbiome controls tryptophan breakdown via the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin pathways. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induces disruptions in tryptophan catabolism which contribute to disorders like inflammatory conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, metabolic syndromes, and cancer. These disruptions affect immune homeostasis, neurotransmission, and gut-brain communication. Elucidating the mechanisms of microbial tryptophan modulation could enable novel therapeutic approaches like psychobiotics and microbiome-targeted dietary interventions. Overall, further research on the microbiota-tryptophan axis has the potential to revolutionize personalized diagnostics and treatments for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Hou
- Target Discovery Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Shuhuan Ying
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Bocimed Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
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Fröbel D, Stanke D, Langner M, Žygienė G, Bechmann N, Peitzsch M. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based simultaneous quantification of tryptophan, serotonin and kynurenine pathway metabolites in tissues and cell culture systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123870. [PMID: 37683448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kynurenine and respective metabolites exhibit bioactivity as well as tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and the neurotransmitter serotonin. Dysregulations in the kynurenine pathway are involved in neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders and diabetes mellitus type 2 but also in cancer. Therefore, measurements of kynurenine-related metabolites will improve the general understanding for kynurenine pathway relevance in disease pathogenesis. METHODS Tryptophan, serotonin, picolinic acid, quinolinic acid, 3-OH-kynurenine, kynurenine, 3-OH-anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid as well as nicotinic acid and the redox cofactor NAD+ were analyzed in heterogeneous matrices by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After validation, the described method was applied for measurements of native metabolite concentrations in murine tissues and cellular systems including pathway-shift monitoring after treatment with the tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase-inhibitor 680C91. In addition, the method was evaluated for its ability for integration into multi-omics approaches using a single sample metabolite extraction procedure. RESULTS A simple and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of up to 10 kynurenine-related metabolites in four biological matrices was developed. Within a run time of 6.5 min, chromatographic separation of kynurenine-related metabolites, including the isomers nicotinic acid and picolinic acid, was achieved without derivatization. Validation parameters, including interday precision (<14.8%), mean accuracy (102.4% ± 12.9%) and linear detection ranges of more than three orders of magnitude, indicate method reliability. Depending the investigated sample matrix, the majority of metabolites were successfully detected and quantified in native murine and cell culture derived sample materials. Furthermore, the method allowed to monitor the impact of a tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase-inhibitor on kynurenine pathway in a cellular system and is suitable for multi-assay analyses using aliquots from the same cell extract. CONCLUSION The described UPLC-MS/MS method provides a simple tool for the simultaneous quantification of kynurenine pathway metabolites. Due to its suitability for many physiological matrices, the method provides wide application for disease-related experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Fröbel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Stanke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Langner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gintare Žygienė
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Shi B, Zhang X, Song Z, Dai Z, Luo K, Chen B, Zhou Z, Cui Y, Feng B, Zhu Z, Zheng J, Zhang H, He X. Targeting gut microbiota-derived kynurenine to predict and protect the remodeling of the pressure-overloaded young heart. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7417. [PMID: 37450589 PMCID: PMC10348671 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-overloaded left ventricular remodeling in young population is progressive and readily degenerate into heart failure. The aims of this study were to identify a plasma metabolite that predicts and is mechanistically linked to the disease. Untargeted metabolomics determined elevated plasma kynurenine (Kyn) in both the patient cohorts and the mice model, which was correlated with remodeling parameters. In vitro and in vivo evidence, combined with single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), demonstrated that Kyn affected both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) to up-regulate hypertrophy- and fibrosis-related genes. Shotgun metagenomics and fecal microbiota transplantation revealed the existence of the altered gut microbiota-Kyn relationship. Supplementation of selected microbes reconstructed the gut microbiota, reduced plasma Kyn, and alleviated ventricular remodeling. Our data collectively discovered a gut microbiota-derived metabolite to activate AHR and its gene targets in remodeling young heart, a process that could be prevented by specific gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhong Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhiying Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zihao Dai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bei Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jinghao Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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Pérez de la Cruz G, Pérez de la Cruz V, Navarro Cossio J, Vázquez Cervantes GI, Salazar A, Orozco Morales M, Pineda B. Kynureninase Promotes Immunosuppression and Predicts Survival in Glioma Patients: In Silico Data Analyses of the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030369. [PMID: 36986469 PMCID: PMC10051585 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kynureninase (KYNU) is a kynurenine pathway (KP) enzyme that produces metabolites with immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, overactivation of KP has been associated with poor prognosis of several types of cancer, in particular by promoting the invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. However, the role of KYNU in gliomas remains to be explored. In this study, we used the available data from TCGA, CGGA and GTEx projects to analyze KYNU expression in gliomas and healthy tissue, as well as the potential contribution of KYNU in the tumor immune infiltrate. In addition, immune-related genes were screened with KYNU expression. KYNU expression correlated with the increased malignancy of astrocytic tumors. Survival analysis in primary astrocytomas showed that KYNU expression correlated with poor prognosis. Additionally, KYNU expression correlated positively with several genes related to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and with the characteristic immune tumor infiltrate. These findings indicate that KYNU could be a potential therapeutic target for modulating the tumor microenvironment and enhancing an effective antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez de la Cruz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Javier Navarro Cossio
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ignacio Vázquez Cervantes
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Aleli Salazar
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Mario Orozco Morales
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Pineda
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5606-4040
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Sun C, Ye Y, Tan Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Hu W, Liang K, Egranov SD, Huang LA, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yao J, Nguyen TK, Zhao Z, Wu A, Marks JR, Caudle AS, Sahin AA, Gao J, Gammon ST, Piwnica-Worms D, Hu J, Chiao PJ, Yu D, Hung MC, Curran MA, Calin GA, Ying H, Han L, Lin C, Yang L. Tumor-associated nonmyelinating Schwann cell-expressed PVT1 promotes pancreatic cancer kynurenine pathway and tumor immune exclusion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd6995. [PMID: 36724291 PMCID: PMC9891701 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major obstacles to treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its immunoresistant microenvironment. The functional importance and molecular mechanisms of Schwann cells in PDAC remains largely elusive. We characterized the gene signature of tumor-associated nonmyelinating Schwann cells (TASc) in PDAC and indicated that the abundance of TASc was correlated with immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and the unfavorable outcome of patients with PDAC. Depletion of pancreatic-specific TASc promoted the tumorigenesis of PDAC tumors. TASc-expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) was triggered by the tumor cell-produced interleukin-6. Mechanistically, PVT1 modulated RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in TASc, facilitating its enzymatic activities in catalysis of tryptophan to kynurenine. Depletion of TASc-expressed PVT1 suppressed PDAC tumor growth. Furthermore, depletion of TASc using a small-molecule inhibitor effectively sensitized PDAC to immunotherapy, signifying the important roles of TASc in PDAC immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcao Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhi Tan
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sergey D. Egranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Angela Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tina K. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Marks
- Division of Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Abigail S. Caudle
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aysegul A. Sahin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seth T. Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul J. Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Michael A. Curran
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Perez-Castro L, Garcia R, Venkateswaran N, Barnes S, Conacci-Sorrell M. Tryptophan and its metabolites in normal physiology and cancer etiology. FEBS J 2023; 290:7-27. [PMID: 34687129 PMCID: PMC9883803 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Within the growing field of amino acid metabolism, tryptophan (Trp) catabolism is an area of increasing interest. Trp is essential for protein synthesis, and its metabolism gives rise to biologically active catabolites including serotonin and numerous metabolites in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. In normal tissues, the production of Trp metabolites is directly regulated by the tissue-specific expression of Trp-metabolizing enzymes. Alterations of these enzymes in cancers can shift the balance and lead to an increased production of specific byproducts that can function as oncometabolites. For example, increased expression of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which converts Trp into Kyn, leads to an increase in Kyn levels in numerous cancers. Kyn functions as an oncometabolite in cancer cells by promoting the activity of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which regulates progrowth genes. Moreover, Kyn also inhibits T-cell activity and thus allows cancer cells to evade clearance by the immune system. Therefore, targeting the Kyn pathway has become a therapeutic focus as a novel means to abrogate tumor growth and immune resistance. This review summarizes the biological role and regulation of Trp metabolism and its catabolites with an emphasis on tumor cell growth and immune evasion and outlines areas for future research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Perez-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roy Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Niranjan Venkateswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Spencer Barnes
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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9
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Serum Kynurenic Acid and Kynurenine Are Negatively Associated with the Risk of Adult Moyamoya Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237069. [PMID: 36498644 PMCID: PMC9739245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim. Kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) are key intermediate metabolites associated with inflammation and immune responses in the kynurenine pathway. It remains unknown whether KYN or KYNA is associated with the risk of adult moyamoya disease (MMD). The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between serum KYN or KYNA and the risk of adult MMD. Methods. The study was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. We measured serum KYN and KYNA levels for 360 adult MMD patients (259 cases of ischemic MMD, 101 cases of hemorrhagic MMD) and 89 age-sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected from the medical record. Results. After multivariate adjustment, decreased serum KYNA (OR, 0.085; 95% CI, 0.035−0.206; p = 0.000) or KYN (OR, 0.430; 95% CI, 0.225−0.820; p = 0.010) levels were associated with increased risk of MMD when upper and lower tertiles were compared. In addition, a higher trend of hemorrhagic MMD was found in MMD patients in KYNA tertile 1 compared with those in tertile 2 to 3 (OR, 0.584; 95% CI, 0.345−0.987; p = 0.044). Addition of serum KYNA (net reclassification improvement: 73.24%, p = 0.000; integrated discrimination improvement: 9.60%, p = 0.000) or KYN (integrated discrimination improvement: 1.70%, p = 0.037) to conventional risk factors significantly improved the risk prediction of MMD. In the exploratory analysis, we observed an interaction between KYN and age (≥40 versus <40 years) or homocysteine levels (≥13.0 versus <13.0 μmol/L) on the risk of MMD. Conclusions. Decreased serum KYNA or KYN levels were associated with an increased risk of adult MMD, suggesting that serum KYNA or KYN may be a valuable predictive biomarker for adult MMD.
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10
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Ma Q, Ma W, Song TZ, Wu Z, Liu Z, Hu Z, Han JB, Xu L, Zeng B, Wang B, Sun Y, Yu DD, Wu Q, Yao YG, Zheng YT, Wang X. Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of multiple organs in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Zool Res 2022; 43:1041-1062. [PMID: 36349357 PMCID: PMC9700497 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes diverse clinical manifestations and tissue injuries in multiple organs. However, cellular and molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated pathology and immune defense features in different organs remains incomplete. Here, we profiled approximately 77 000 single-nucleus transcriptomes of the lung, liver, kidney, and cerebral cortex in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls. Integrated analysis of the multi-organ dataset suggested that the liver harbored the strongest global transcriptional alterations. We observed prominent impairment in lung epithelial cells, especially in AT2 and ciliated cells, and evident signs of fibrosis in fibroblasts. These lung injury characteristics are similar to those reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, we found suppressed MHC class I/II molecular activity in the lung, inflammatory response in the liver, and activation of the kynurenine pathway, which induced the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Analysis of the kidney dataset highlighted tropism of tubule cells to SARS-CoV-2, and we found membranous nephropathy (an autoimmune disease) caused by podocyte dysregulation. In addition, we identified the pathological states of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex, providing molecular insights into COVID-19-related neurological implications. Overall, our multi-organ single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques broadens our understanding of disease features and antiviral immune defects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Zhaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenxiang Hu
- LivzonBio, Inc., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519045, China
| | - Jian-Bao Han
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. E-mail:
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11
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Bioinformatic Analysis of Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes and Their Relationship with Glioma Hallmarks. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111054. [PMID: 36355137 PMCID: PMC9699055 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), a rate limiting enzyme of the tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP), has been related with a lower survival and a poor patient prognosis on several solid tumors, including gliomas. However, the use of IDO inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment remains controversial in clinical trials and the role of other KP enzymes on tumor progression has remained poorly understood so far. Recently, different studies on different types of cancer have pointed out the importance of KP enzymes downstream IDO. Because of this, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis of the expression of different KP enzymes and their correlation with the gene expression of molecules related to the hallmarks of cancer in transcriptomic datasets from patients with different types of brain tumors including low grade gliomas, glioblastoma multiforme, neuroblastoma, and paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma. We found that KP enzymes that drive to NAD+ synthesis are overexpressed on different brain tumors compared to brain cortex data. Moreover, these enzymes presented positive correlations with the expression of genes related to immune response modulation, angiogenesis, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signaling, and Rho GTPase expression. These correlations suggest the relevance of the expression of the KP enzymes in brain tumor pathogenesis.
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12
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Zhang L, Cao Y, Dai X, Zhang X. Deciphering the role of DOCK8 in tumorigenesis by regulating immunity and the application of nanotechnology in DOCK8 deficiency therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1065029. [PMID: 36386145 PMCID: PMC9664064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1065029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) immunodeficiency syndrome is a severe immune disorder and characterized by serum IgE levels elevation, fungal and viral infections, dermatitis and food allergies. It was well known that DOCK8 is crucial for the survival and function of multiple immune related cells. However, the critical role of DOCK8 on tumorigenesis through regulating immunity is poorly investigated. Accumulating evidences indicated that DOCK8 could affect tumorigenesis by regulating the immunity through immune cells, including NK cells, T cells, B cells and dendritic cells. Here, we summarized and discussed the critical role of DOCK8 in cytoskeleton reconstruction, CD4+ T cell differentiation, immune synaptic formation, tumor immune infiltration, tumor immune surveillance and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the potential roles of nanotechnology in improving the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-based therapy for DOCK8 deficiency diseases are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Eastern Division of the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Huang KS, Chen CY, Sun CY, Su YJ. Serum parabens and its correlations with immunologic and cellular markers in Southern Taiwan industrialized city systemic lupus erythematosus patients. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:993-999. [PMID: 36206526 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the immune systems of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are affected by both personal characteristics and environmental factors, the effects of parabens on patients with SLE have not been well studied. We investigated the indirect effects of four parabens-methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (n-PrP), and butylparaben (n-BuP)-on several immunological markers. METHODS We assessed the serum levels of MP, EP, n-PrP, and n-BuP in 25 SLE patients and correlated the concentration of each paraben with available clinical and laboratory markers, including intracellular markers of antiviral immunity and apoptosis. RESULTS The expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was significantly negatively correlated with n-PrP levels (p = 0.03, r = -0.434). In monocytes, APO2.7 was significantly positively correlated with n-BuP levels (p = 0.019, r = 0.467). Glutathione levels were significantly negatively correlated with n-BuP levels (p = 0.019, r = -0.518). Anti- β2 glycoprotein I IgM was significantly positively correlated with both MP (p = 0.011, r = 0.585) and EP levels (p = 0.032, r = 0.506). Anti-cardiolipin IgA was significantly positively correlated with both MP (p = 0.038, r = 0.493) and n-PrP levels (p = 0.031, r = 0.508). On CD8 T cells, the early apoptotic marker annexin V was significantly negatively correlated with both MP (p < 0.05, r = -0.541) and n-BuP levels (p = 0.02, r = -0.616), and L-selectin was significantly positively correlated with both MP (p < 0.05, r = 0.47) and n-PrP levels (p = 0.02, r = 0.556). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that higher parabens levels were associated with lower AhR expression in leukocytes, increased monocyte apoptosis, lower serum glutathione levels, reduced annexin V expression on CD8 T cells, and higher L-selectin levels on leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Siang Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jih Su
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of biopharmaceutical science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Hubková B, Valko-Rokytovská M, Čižmárová B, Zábavníková M, Mareková M, Birková A. Tryptophan: Its Metabolism along the Kynurenine, Serotonin, and Indole Pathway in Malignant Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169160. [PMID: 36012419 PMCID: PMC9408957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tryptophan metabolism is known to be one of the important mechanisms used by cancer to evade immune surveillance. Altered tryptophan metabolism was studied in patients with pigmented malignant melanoma confirmed histologically by the anatomic stage grouping for cutaneous melanoma using clinical staging on the basis of the Breslow thickness of the melanoma, the degree of spread to regional lymph nodes, and by the presence of distant metastasis. (2) Methods: Urinary tryptophan metabolites were detected by RP-HPLC method. (3) Results: In the present work, we provided evidence of altered metabolism of all tryptophan pathways in melanoma patients. (4) Conclusions: Knowledge of the shifted serotonin pathway toward DHICA formation and kynurenine pathway shifted toward NAD+ production could serve in the early detection of the disease and the initiation of early treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Hubková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Valko-Rokytovská
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.V.-R.); (A.B.)
| | - Beáta Čižmárová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Birková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.V.-R.); (A.B.)
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15
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Huo C, Luo Z, Ning X, Kang X, Yan Q, Guo Y, Li G, Wang Z, Li Y, Qian S. 4,6-Disubstituted-1H-Indazole-4-Amine derivatives with immune-chemotherapy effect and in vivo antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Obara-Michlewska M. The tryptophan metabolism, kynurenine pathway and oxidative stress - Implications for glioma pathobiology. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105363. [PMID: 35667490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway receives increasing attention due to its involvement in central nervous system pathologies, i.a. neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, but also due to the contribution to the pathomechanism of neoplasms, including brain tumors.The present review focuses on kynurenine pathway activity in gliomas, brain tumors of glial origin. The upregulation of kynurenine pathway enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), resulting in a decreased level of tryptophan and augmented kynurenine synthesis (increased (KYN/Trp ratio) are the most recognised hallmark of malignant transformation, characterised with immunomodulatory adaptations, providing an escape from defence mechanisms of the host, growth-beneficial milieu and resistance to some therapeutics. The review addresses, however, the oxidative/nitrosative stress-associated mechanisms of tryptophan catabolism, mainly the kynurenine pathway activity, linking them with glioma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Obara-Michlewska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Zhao L, Jiang Y, Zhao Z, Wang K, Zhang X, Hong Q, Qiu J, He J. Biodegradation of Quinolinic acid by a Newly Isolated Bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis Strain JQ191. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6567840. [PMID: 35416242 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QA) is a pyridine derivative that can be found in many organisms and is widely used in the chemical industry. However, QA possesses excitotoxic properties. To date, the catabolism of QA mediated by microorganisms has rarely been reported. In this study, a QA-degrading strain (JQ191) was isolated from sewage sludge. Based on phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. Strain JQ191 was able to utilize QA as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth. QA-cultured cells of JQ191 completely degrade 200 mg/L QA within 2 days in a mineral salt medium, whereas the LB-cultured cells experienced a 2-day lag period before degrading QA, indicating that the catabolic enzymes involved in QA degradation were induced by QA. 6-Hydroxypicolinic acid (6HPA) was identified as an intermediate of QA degradation by strain JQ191. A 6HPA monooxygenase gene picB was cloned, genetically disrupted, and heterologously expressed, and the results show that picB was responsible for catalyzing 6HPA to 3,6DHPA in JQ191. A new QA mineralization pathway was proposed. This study identifies a new bacterium candidate that has a potential application prospect in the bioremediation of QA-polluted environment, as well as provides new insights into the bacterial catabolism of QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yinhu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiguo Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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18
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Tanaka M. Crosstalk of tumor stromal cells orchestrates invasion and spreading of gastric cancer. Pathol Int 2022; 72:219-233. [PMID: 35112770 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumors contain various stromal cells that support cancer progression. Some types of cancer, such as scirrhous gastric cancer, are characterized by large areas of fibrosis accompanied by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Asporin (ASPN) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan highly expressed in CAFs of various tumors. ASPN accelerates CAF migration and invasion, resulting in CAF-led cancer cell invasion. In addition, ASPN further upregulated the expression of genes specific to a characteristic subgroup of fibroblasts in tumors. These cells were preferentially located at the tumor periphery and could be generated by a unique mechanism involving the CAF-mediated education of normal fibroblasts (CEFs). In this review, we at first describe recent findings regarding the function of ASPN in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the mechanism involved in the generation of CEFs. CAFs are derived from heterogeneous origins besides resident normal fibroblasts. Among them, CAFs derived from mesothelial cells (mesothelial cell-derived CAF [MC-CAFs]) play pivotal roles in peritoneal carcinomatosis. We observed that MC-CAFs on the surfaces of organs also participate in tumor formation by infiltrating into the parenchyma, promoting local invasion by gastric cancers. This review also highlights the potential functions of macrophages in the formation of MC-CAFs in gastric cancers, by transfer the contents of cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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19
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Esmaeili SA, Hajavi J. The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in allergic disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3297-3306. [PMID: 35028850 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid tryptophan (TRP) is critical for the expansion and survival of cells. During the past few years, the manipulation of tryptophan metabolism via indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) has been presented as a significant regulatory mechanism for tolerance stimulation and the regulation of immune responses. Currently, a considerable number of studies suggest that the role of IDO in T helper 2 (Th2) cell regulation may be different from that of T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses. IDO acts as an immunosuppressive tolerogenic enzyme to decrease allergic responses through the stimulation of the Kynurenine-IDO pathway, the subsequent reduction of TRP, and the promotion of Kynurenine products. Kynurenine products motivate T-cell apoptosis and anergy, the propagation of Treg and Th17 cells, and the aberration of the Th1/Th2 response. We suggest that the IDO-kynurenine pathway can function as a negative reaction round for Th1 cells; however, it may play a different role in upregulating principal Th2 immune responses. In this review, we intend to integrate novel results on this pathway in correlation with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jafar Hajavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, 9691793718, Gonabad, Iran.
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20
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Hernández A, Domènech M, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Carrato C, Balana C. Glioblastoma: Relationship between Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123529. [PMID: 34944036 PMCID: PMC8700075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults and is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Different factors shaping this tumor microenvironment (TME) regulate tumor initiation, progression, and treatment response. Genetic alterations and metabolism pathways are two main elements that influence tumor immune cells and TME. In this manuscript, we review how both factors can contribute to an immunosuppressive state and overview the strategies being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Hernández
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Marta Domènech
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Ana M. Muñoz-Mármol
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.M.M.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.M.M.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carmen Balana
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-4978925
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21
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Hon KW, Zainal Abidin SA, Othman I, Naidu R. The Crosstalk Between Signaling Pathways and Cancer Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768861. [PMID: 34887764 PMCID: PMC8650587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming represents an important cancer hallmark in CRC. Reprogramming core metabolic pathways in cancer cells, such as glycolysis, glutaminolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism, is essential to increase energy production and biosynthesis of precursors required to support tumor initiation and progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes regulate metabolic reprogramming through the downstream signaling pathways. Protein kinases, such as AKT and c-MYC, are the integral components that facilitate the crosstalk between signaling pathways and metabolic pathways in CRC. This review provides an insight into the crosstalk between signaling pathways and metabolic reprogramming in CRC. Targeting CRC metabolism could open a new avenue for developing CRC therapy by discovering metabolic inhibitors and repurposing protein kinase inhibitors/monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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22
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Vázquez Cervantes GI, González Esquivel DF, Gómez-Manzo S, Pineda B, Pérez de la Cruz V. New Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3412906. [PMID: 34557553 PMCID: PMC8455182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3412906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with a high mortality rate. The current treatment consists of surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy; however, the median survival rate is only 12-18 months despite these alternatives, highlighting the urgent need to find new strategies. The heterogeneity of GBM makes this tumor difficult to treat, and the immunotherapies result in an attractive approach to modulate the antitumoral immune responses favoring the tumor eradication. The immunotherapies for GMB including monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses, among others, have shown favorable results alone or as a multimodal treatment. In this review, we summarize and discuss promising immunotherapies for GBM currently under preclinical investigation as well as in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ignacio Vázquez Cervantes
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Dinora F. González Esquivel
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México City 04530, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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23
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Yang Z, Li Z, Guo Z, Ren Y, Zhou T, Xiao Z, Duan J, Han C, Cheng Y, Xu F. Antitumor Effect of Fluoxetine on Chronic Stress-Promoted Lung Cancer Growth via Suppressing Kynurenine Pathway and Enhancing Cellular Immunity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685898. [PMID: 34413774 PMCID: PMC8369900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic stress promotes cancer growth. Antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX) is usually prescribed for cancer patients with comorbid depression. FLX displays inhibition on cancer cell proliferation, however, the in vivo activity has not been investigated. Methods: We explored the antitumor effect of FLX in subcutaneous transplanted lung cancer cells in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Fifty-six C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into group A (blank control), group B (tumor-bearing control), group C (tumor-bearing + FLX), group D (CUMS control), group E (CUMS + FLX), group F (tumor-bearing + CUMS), and group G (tumor-bearing + CUMS + FLX). 5-HT, tryptophane (Trp), kynurenine, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A levels were measured by ELISA. T helper (Th), cytotoxic T (Tc) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) subtype were measured by flow cytometry. The antitumor effects of FLX were evaluated by tumor weight. The expression of kynurenine pathway related genes TDO, IDO1, IDO2, and apoptosis-related genes caspase1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12 in tumor tissues were measured by western blotting and qRT-PCR. A549 cells were exposed with FLX (15 μmol/L) and its effect on cell proliferation, migration, and clonal formation were detected. Kynurenine pathway and apoptosis related gene expression were also measured. Results:In vivo, chronic stress promoted tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. FLX administration not only significantly reversed chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced reduction of 5-HT and Trp, increment of kynurenine, but increased CD4+ Th and CD8+ Tc cells, and reduced CD25+ FOXP3+ Tregs. FLX promoted Th to differentiate into Th1 cells and increased IL-2 and IFN-γ, meanwhile inhibited Th differentiate into Th2 and Th17 cells and decreased the concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A. Chronic stress obviously up-regulated IDO1 and IDO2 expression, down-regulated caspase 4, 7, and 12 expression, meanwhile FLX administration reversed this regulation. However, there was no significant change in TDO, caspase 1, 3, 5. Similarly, in vitro, FLX administration significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and clonal formation of A549 cells and induced cell apoptosis. FLX administration down-regulated the expression of IDO1, IDO2, and up-regulated caspase 4, 5, and 7. Conclusion: Fluoxetine administration could inhibit tumor growth. The inhibition might be via suppressing kynurenine pathway and enhancing cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuman Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangchuang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchi Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Itoh G, Takagane K, Fukushi Y, Kuriyama S, Umakoshi M, Goto A, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Tanaka M. Cancer-associated fibroblasts educate normal fibroblasts to facilitate cancer cell spreading and T cell suppression. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:166-187. [PMID: 34379869 PMCID: PMC8732346 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In some tumors, a small number of cancer cells are scattered in a large fibrotic stroma. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for expansion of pro‐tumor fibroblasts via cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF)‐mediated education of normal fibroblasts (NFs). When NFs were incubated with conditioned medium from CAFs, the resulting CAF‐educated fibroblasts (CEFs) generated reactive oxygen species, which induced NF‐κB‐mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines and the extracellular matrix protein asporin (ASPN), while expression of a common CAF marker gene, α‐SMA, was not increased. ASPN further increased CEF expression of downstream molecules, including indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1), kynureninase (KYNU), and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A). These CEFs induce cytocidal effects against CD8+ T cells and IGF‐I activation in cancer cells. CEFs were generated without cancer cells by the direct mixture of NFs and CAFs in mouse xenografts, and once CEFs were generated, they sequentially educated NFs, leading to continuous generation of CEFs. In diffuse‐type gastric cancers, ASPNhigh/IDO‐1high/KYNUhigh/α‐SMA− CEFs were located at the distal invading front. These CEFs expanded in the fibrotic stroma and caused dissemination of cancer cells. ASPN may therefore be a key molecule in facilitating tumor spreading and T‐cell suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuma Fukushi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuenmachi, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Michinobu Umakoshi
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8545, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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25
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Kynurenine Monooxygenase Expression and Activity in Human Astrocytomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082028. [PMID: 34440798 PMCID: PMC8393384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. The enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which participates in the rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP), is associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBM. The metabolites produced after tryptophan oxidation have immunomodulatory properties that can support the immunosuppressor environment. In this study, mRNA expression, protein expression, and activity of the enzyme kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) were analyzed in GBM cell lines (A172, LN-18, U87, U373) and patient-derived astrocytoma samples. KMO mRNA expression was assessed by real-time RT-qPCR, KMO protein expression was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, and KMO activity was determined by quantifying 3-hydroxykynurenine by HPLC. Heterogenous patterns of both KMO expression and activity were observed among the GBM cell lines, with the A172 cell line showing the highest KMO expression and activity. Higher KMO mRNA expression was observed in glioma samples than in patients diagnosed with only a neurological disease; high KMO mRNA expression was also observed when using samples from patients with GBM in the TCGA program. The KMO protein expression was localized in GFAP+ cells in tumor tissue. These results suggest that KMO is a relevant target to be explored in glioma since it might play a role in supporting tumor metabolism and immune suppression.
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26
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Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zheng Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Immunotherapy Advances in Locally Advanced and Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Relationship With Human Papillomavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652054. [PMID: 34305889 PMCID: PMC8296140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) account for the most cases of HNC. Past smoking and alcohol consumption are common risk factors of HNSCC; however, an increasing number of cases associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been reported in recent years. The treatment of HNSCC is integrated and multimodal including traditional surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Since pembrolizumab was approved in 2016, an increasing number of studies have focused on immunotherapy. However, not all of HNSCC patients have a better outcome on immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has been reported to be more effective in HPV-positive patients, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Some researchers have proposed that the high proportion of infiltrating immune cells in HPV-positive tumors and the difference in immune checkpoint expression level may be the reasons for their better response. As a result, a series of individualized immunotherapy trials have also been conducted in HPV-positive patients. This paper summarizes the current status of HNSCC immunotherapy, individualized immunotherapy in HPV-positive patients, and immune differences in HPV-positive tumors to provide new insights into HNSCC immunotherapy and try to identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Kynurenines as a Novel Target for the Treatment of Malignancies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070606. [PMID: 34201791 PMCID: PMC8308824 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies are unquestionably a significant public health problem. Their effective treatment is still a big challenge for modern medicine. Tumors have developed a wide range of mechanisms to evade an immune and therapeutic response. As a result, there is an unmet clinical need for research on solutions aimed at overcoming this problem. An accumulation of tryptophan metabolites belonging to the kynurenine pathway can enhance neoplastic progression because it causes the suppression of immune system response against cancer cells. They are also involved in the development of the mechanisms responsible for the resistance to antitumor therapy. Kynurenine belongs to the most potent immunosuppressive metabolites of this pathway and has a significant impact on the development of malignancies. This fact prompted researchers to assess whether targeting the enzymes responsible for its synthesis could be an effective therapeutic strategy for various cancers. To date, numerous studies, both preclinical and clinical, have been conducted on this topic, especially regarding the inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and their results can be considered noteworthy. This review gathers and systematizes the knowledge about the role of the kynurenine pathway in neoplastic progression and the findings regarding the usefulness of modulating its activity in anticancer therapy.
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28
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Nutraceuticals as Potential Targets for the Development of a Functional Beverage for Improving Sleep Quality. BEVERAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages7020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional beverages can be a valuable component of the human diet with the ability to not only provide essential hydration but to deliver important bioactive compounds that can contribute to chronic disease treatment and prevention. One area of the functional beverage market that has seen an increase in demand in recent years are beverages that promote relaxation and sleep. Sleep is an essential biological process, with optimal sleep being defined as one of adequate duration, quality and timing. It is regulated by a number of neurotransmitters which are, in turn, regulated by dietary intake of essential bioactive compounds. This narrative review aimed to evaluate the latest evidence of the sleep promoting properties of a selection of bioactive compounds (such as L-theanine and L-tryptophan) for the development of a functional beverage to improve sleep quality; and the effectiveness of traditional sleep promoting beverages (such as milk and chamomile). Overall, the bioactive compounds identified in this review, play essential roles in the synthesis and regulation of important neurotransmitters involved in the sleep-wake cycle. There is also significant potential for their inclusion in a number of functional beverages as the main ingredient on their own or in combination. Future studies should consider dosage; interactions with the beverage matrix, medications and other nutraceuticals; bioavailability during storage and following ingestion; as well as the sensory profile of the developed beverages, among others, when determining their effectiveness in a functional beverage to improve sleep quality.
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29
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Olvera-Rosales LB, Cruz-Guerrero AE, Ramírez-Moreno E, Quintero-Lira A, Contreras-López E, Jaimez-Ordaz J, Castañeda-Ovando A, Añorve-Morga J, Calderón-Ramos ZG, Arias-Rico J, González-Olivares LG. Impact of the Gut Microbiota Balance on the Health-Disease Relationship: The Importance of Consuming Probiotics and Prebiotics. Foods 2021; 10:1261. [PMID: 34199351 PMCID: PMC8230287 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a group of microorganisms that are deposited throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Currently, thanks to genomic tools, studies of gut microbiota have pointed towards the understanding of the metabolism of important bacteria that are not cultivable and their relationship with human homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota could explain, at least in part, some epidemics, such as diabetes and obesity. Likewise, dysbiosis has been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. That is why several studies have recently been focused on the direct relationship that these types of conditions have with the specific composition of gut microbiota, as in the case of the microbiota-intestine-brain axis. In the same way, the control of microbiota is related to the diet. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of gut microbiota, from its composition to its relationship with the human health-disease condition, as well as emphasizes the effect of probiotic and prebiotic consumption on the balance of its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Berenice Olvera-Rosales
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Alma-Elizabeth Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Z.-G.C.-R.)
| | - Aurora Quintero-Lira
- Área Académica de Ingeniería Agroindustrial e Ingeniería en alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1, Ex-Hacienda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Contreras-López
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Judith Jaimez-Ordaz
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Javier Añorve-Morga
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Zuli-Guadalupe Calderón-Ramos
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Z.-G.C.-R.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Luis-Guillermo González-Olivares
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhou W, Du Q, Yang M, Ding Y, Hu R. Blockade of IDO-Kynurenine-AhR Axis Ameliorated Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer via Inhibiting Immune Tolerance. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1179-1199. [PMID: 34087454 PMCID: PMC8445903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic inflammation in colon section is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Proinflammatory cytokines were produced in a tumor microenvironment and correlated with poor clinical outcome. Tumor-infiltrating T cells were reported to be greatly involved in the development of colon cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that kynurenine (Kyn), a metabolite catalyzed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), was required for IDO-mediated T cell function, and adaptive immunity indeed played a critical role in CRC. METHODS Supernatant of colon cancer cells was used to culture activated T cells and mice spleen lymphocytes, and the IDO1-Kyn-aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor axis was determined in vitro. In vivo, an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC model was established in IDO-/-, Rag1-/-, and wild-type mice, and tumor-associated T lymphocyte infiltration and Kyn/AhR signaling pathway changes were measured in each group. RESULTS Kyn promoted AhR nuclear translocation increased the transcription of Foxp3, a marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs), through improving the interaction between AhR and Foxp3 promoter. Additionally, compared WT mice, IDO-/- mice treated with AOM/DSS exhibited fewer and smaller tumor burdens in the colon, with less Treg and more CD8+ T cells infiltration, while Kyn administration abolished this regulation. Rag1-/- mice were more sensitive to AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer (CRC) compared with the wild-type mice, suggesting that T cell-mediated adaptive immunity indeed played a critical role in CRC. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that inhibition of IDO diminished Kyn/AhR-mediated Treg differentiation and could be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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31
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Beretta G, Moretti RM, Nasti R, Cincinelli R, Dallavalle S, Montagnani Marelli M. Apoptosis-mediated anticancer activity in prostate cancer cells of a chestnut honey (Castanea sativa L.) quinoline-pyrrolidine gamma-lactam alkaloid. Amino Acids 2021; 53:869-880. [PMID: 33945018 PMCID: PMC8172409 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and represents the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Western countries. PCa is initially androgen-dependent, however, this tumor inevitably progresses as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which represents the most aggressive phase of the pathology. In this work, in two CRPC cell lines (DU145 and PC3), we studied the in vitro inhibitory properties of the tryptophan-derived endogenous metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) and of the lactam form of 3–2′-pyrrilonidinyl-kynurenic acid (3-PKA-L), alkaloids usually present in combination in chestnut honey. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell colony formation assay, and Western blot analysis of the major mediator proteins involved in apoptotic processes. In all experiments, KYNA was scarcely or not active while 3-PKA-L showed anticancer activity in the high concentration range (0.01 mM – 1 mM) from 24 to 72 h. The results obtained showed that cell death was induced by extrinsic apoptotic pathway, by cell morphological changes and reduction of cell colonies number. These novel results represent the first promising step to the accurate description of 3-PKA-L cytotoxic effect, not observed with KYNA, paving the way to the search of new anticancer agents, as well as to the better understanding of the physiopathological role of this interesting natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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32
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Zaragoza-Ojeda M, Apatiga-Vega E, Arenas-Huertero F. Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in central nervous system tumors: Biological and therapeutic implications. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 33907570 PMCID: PMC8063300 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, whose canonical pathway mainly regulates the genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. However, it can also regulate several responses in a non-canonical manner, such as proliferation, differentiation, cell death and cell adhesion. AhR plays an important role in central nervous system tumors, as it can regulate several cellular responses via different pathways. The polymorphisms of the AHR gene have been associated with the development of gliomas. In addition, the metabolism of tumor cells promotes tumor growth, particularly in tryptophan synthesis, where some metabolites, such as kynurenine, can activate the AhR pathway, triggering cell proliferation in astrocytomas, medulloblastomas and glioblastomas. Furthermore, as part of the changes in neuroblastomas, AHR is able to downregulate the expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc, induce differentiation in tumor cells, and cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, these data suggested that the modulation of the AhR pathway may downregulate tumor growth, providing a novel strategy for applications for the treatment of certain tumors through the control of the AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Zaragoza-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Elisa Apatiga-Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México
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33
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Dehhaghi M, Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Heng B, Guillemin GJ. The Gut Microbiota, Kynurenine Pathway, and Immune System Interaction in the Development of Brain Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:562812. [PMID: 33330446 PMCID: PMC7710763 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.562812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota contains a large, complex, dynamic microbial community of approximately 1014 microbes from more than 1,000 microbial species, i.e., equivalent to 4 × 106 genes. Numerous evidence links gut microbiota with human health and diseases. Importantly, gut microbiota is involved in the development and function of the brain through a bidirectional pathway termed as the gut-brain axis. Interaction between gut microbiota and immune responses can modulate the development of neuroinflammation and cancer diseases in the brain. With respect of brain cancer, gut microbiota could modify the levels of antioxidants, amyloid protein and lipopolysaccharides, arginase 1, arginine, cytochrome C, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling (GM-CSF), IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17A, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (e.g., nitric oxide and peroxynitrite), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan, and tumor necrosis factor-β (TGF-β). Through these modifications, gut microbiota can modulate apoptosis, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), autophagy, caspases activation, DNA integrity, microglia dysbiosis, mitochondria permeability, T-cell proliferation and functions, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, and tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. The outcome of such interventions could be either oncolytic or oncogenic. This review scrutinizes the oncogenic and oncolytic effects of gut microbiota by classifying the modification mechanisms into (i) amino acid deprivation (arginine and tryptophan); (ii) kynurenine pathway; (iii) microglia dysbiosis; and (iv) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). By delineating the complexity of the gut-microbiota-brain-cancer axis, this review aims to help the research on the development of novel therapeutic strategies that may aid the efficient eradication of brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Pandis Community, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Pandis Community, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Effects of Lactobacillus casei Strain T2 (IBRC-M10783) on the Modulation of Th17/Treg and Evaluation of miR-155, miR-25, and IDO-1 Expression in a Cuprizone-Induced C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Demyelination. Inflammation 2020; 44:334-343. [PMID: 32914363 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease in which demyelination occurs in the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. Recent reports have shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the functioning of the immune system in inflammatory diseases such as MS. In this study, the cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model was used to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei strain T2 (IBRC-M10783) on the alleviation of these mice. Female C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old) were divided into 6 groups: group 1, normal control; group 2, cuprizone control (oral administration of cuprizone 0.2% w/w for 4 weeks); group 3, probiotic control (oral administration of 1 × 109 CFU/ml probiotic for 4 weeks); group 4, treatment 1 (probiotic for 4 weeks then cuprizone for 4 weeks); group 5, treatment 2 (cuprizone for 4 weeks then probiotic for 4 weeks); and group 6, treatment 3 (cuprizone for 4 weeks then probiotic for 4 weeks with vitamin D3 at a dose of 20 IU/day). Then, TGF-β and IL-17 were measured by ELISA, and the expression of miR-155, miR-25, and IDO-1 was evaluated by real-time PCR. Among the measured microRNAs, the results showed that there was a significant decrease in miR-155 expression between the treatment 1 group and the cuprizone group. In the case of IL-17, the results also showed a significant reduction between the three treatment groups and the cuprizone group. These observations suggest that L. casei can reduce proinflammatory cytokines and reduce demyelinating symptoms in the mouse model.
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35
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Perepechaeva ML, Grishanova AY. The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082863. [PMID: 32325928 PMCID: PMC7215596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors, both malignant and benign, are diagnosed in adults at an incidence rate of approximately 23 people per 100 thousand. The role of AhR in carcinogenesis has been a subject of debate, given that this protein may act as either an oncogenic protein or a tumor suppressor in different cell types and contexts. Lately, there is growing evidence that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important part in the development of brain tumors. The role of AhR in brain tumors is complicated, depending on the type of tumor, on ligands that activate AhR, and other features of the pathological process. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about AhR in relation to brain tumors and provide an overview of AhR’s potential as a therapeutic target.
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36
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Walczak K, Wnorowski A, Turski WA, Plech T. Kynurenic acid and cancer: facts and controversies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1531-1550. [PMID: 31659416 PMCID: PMC7162828 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan metabolite exerting neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties in the brain. However, its importance on the periphery is still not fully elucidated. KYNA is produced endogenously in various types of peripheral cells, tissues and by gastrointestinal microbiota. Furthermore, it was found in several products of daily human diet and its absorption in the digestive tract was evidenced. More recent studies were focused on the potential role of KYNA in carcinogenesis and cancer therapy; however, the results were ambiguous and the biological activity of KYNA in these processes has not been unequivocally established. This review aims to summarize the current views on the relationship between KYNA and cancer. The differences in KYNA concentration between physiological conditions and cancer, as well as KYNA production by both normal and cancer cells, will be discussed. The review also describes the effect of KYNA on cancer cell proliferation and the known potential molecular mechanisms of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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37
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PET imaging of medulloblastoma with an 18F-labeled tryptophan analogue in a transgenic mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3800. [PMID: 32123231 PMCID: PMC7051973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a key modality to evaluate disease status of brain tumors. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made in developing PET imaging methods for pediatric brain tumors. Carbon-11 labelled tryptophan derivatives are feasible as PET imaging probes in brain tumor patients with activation of the kynurenine pathway, but the short half-life of carbon-11 limits its application. Using a transgenic mouse model for the sonic hedgehog (Shh) subgroup of medulloblastoma, here we evaluated the potential of the newly developed 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan (1-L-[18F]FETrp) as a PET imaging probe for this common malignant pediatric brain tumor. 1-L-[18F]FETrp was synthesized on a PETCHEM automatic synthesizer with good chemical and radiochemical purities and enantiomeric excess values. Imaging was performed in tumor-bearing Smo/Smo medulloblastoma mice with constitutive actvation of the Smoothened (Smo) receptor using a PerkinElmer G4 PET-X-Ray scanner. Medulloblastoma showed significant and specific accumulation of 1-L-[18F]FETrp. 1-L-[18F]FETrp also showed significantly higher tumor uptake than its D-enantiomer, 1-D-[18F]FETrp. The uptake of 1-L-[18F]FETrp in the normal brain tissue was low, suggesting that 1-L-[18F]FETrp may prove a valuable PET imaging probe for the Shh subgroup of medulloblastoma and possibly other pediatric and adult brain tumors.
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38
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Du L, Xing Z, Tao B, Li T, Yang D, Li W, Zheng Y, Kuang C, Yang Q. Both IDO1 and TDO contribute to the malignancy of gliomas via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:10. [PMID: 32296044 PMCID: PMC7033114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) initiate the first step of the kynurenine pathway (KP), leading to the transformation of L-tryptophan (Trp) into L-kynurenine (Kyn) and other downstream metabolites. Kyn is known as an endogenous ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Activation of AhR through TDO-derived Kyn is a novel mechanism to support tumor growth in gliomas. However, the role of IDO1 and IDO2 in this mechanism is still unknown. Herein, by using clinical samples, we found that the expression and activity of IDO1 and/or TDO (IDO1/TDO) rather than IDO2 were positively correlated with the pathologic grades of gliomas. The expression of IDO1/TDO rather than IDO2 was positively correlated with the Ki67 index and overall survival. The expression of IDO1/TDO was positively correlated with the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), implying the potential involvement of IDO1/TDO in glioma cell motility. Mechanistically, we found that IDO1/TDO accounted for the release of Kyn, which activated AhR to promote cell motility via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway in U87MG glioma cells. RY103, an IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor, could block the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway and exert anti-glioma effects in GL261 orthotopic glioma mice. Together, our results showed that the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway is a new mechanism underlying the malignancy of gliomas, and suggest that both IDO1 and TDO might be valuable therapeutic targets for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Riess C, Schneider B, Kehnscherper H, Gesche J, Irmscher N, Shokraie F, Classen CF, Wirthgen E, Domanska G, Zimpfer A, Strüder D, Junghanss C, Maletzki C. Activation of the Kynurenine Pathway in Human Malignancies Can Be Suppressed by the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Dinaciclib. Front Immunol 2020; 11:55. [PMID: 32117235 PMCID: PMC7034242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) are the key enzymes of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in the kynurenine pathway (KP). Both enzymes function as indicators of immunosuppression and poor survival in cancer patients. Direct or indirect targeting of either of these substances seems thus reasonable to improve therapy options for patients. In this study, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) were examined because of their different mechanisms of spontaneous and treatment-induced immune escape. Effects on gene expression and protein levels were examined. Accompanying assessment of TRP metabolites from treated GBM cell culture supernatants was conducted. Our results show a heterogeneous and inversely correlated expression profile of TRP-metabolizing genes among GBM and HNSCC cells, with low, but inducible IDO1 expression upon IFNγ treatment. TDO2 expression was higher in GBM cells, while genes encoding kynurenine aminotransferases were mainly confined to HNSCC cells. These data indicate that the KP is active in both entities, with however different enzymes involved in TRP catabolism. Upon treatment with Temozolomide, the standard of care for GBM patients, IDO1 was upregulated. Comparable, although less pronounced effects were seen in HNSCC upon Cetuximab and conventional drugs (i.e., 5-fluorouracil, Gemcitabine). Here, IDO1 and additional genes of the KP (KYAT1, KYAT2, and KMO) were induced. Vice versa, the novel yet experimental cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Dinaciclib suppressed KP in both entities. Our comprehensive data imply inhibition of the TRP catabolism by Dinaciclib, while conventional chemotherapeutics tend to activate this pathway. These data point to limitations of conventional therapy and highlight the potential of targeted therapies to interfere with the cells' metabolism more than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riess
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany.,Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hanna Kehnscherper
- Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia Gesche
- Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Irmscher
- Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Shokraie
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Wirthgen
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Grazyna Domanska
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annette Zimpfer
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Mohapatra SR, Sadik A, Tykocinski LO, Dietze J, Poschet G, Heiland I, Opitz CA. Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α Inhibits the Expression of Immunosuppressive Tryptophan-2,3-Dioxygenase in Glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2762. [PMID: 31866995 PMCID: PMC6905408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal circulation in solid tumors results in hypoxia, which modulates both tumor intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumor immune responses. Given the importance of hypoxia in glioblastoma (GBM) biology and particularly in shaping anti-tumor immunity, we analyzed which immunomodulatory genes are differentially regulated in response to hypoxia in GBM cells. Gene expression analyses identified the immunosuppressive enzyme tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) as the second most downregulated gene in GBM cells cultured under hypoxic conditions. TDO2 catalyses the oxidation of tryptophan to N-formyl kynurenine, which is the first and rate-limiting step of Trp degradation along the kynurenine pathway (KP). In multiple GBM cell lines hypoxia reduced TDO2 expression both at mRNA and protein levels. The downregulation of TDO2 through hypoxia was reversible as re-oxygenation rescued TDO2 expression. Computational modeling of tryptophan metabolism predicted reduced flux through the KP and lower intracellular concentrations of kynurenine and its downstream metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid under hypoxia. Metabolic measurements confirmed the predicted changes, thus demonstrating the ability of the mathematical model to infer intracellular tryptophan metabolite concentrations. Moreover, we identified hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) to regulate TDO2 expression under hypoxic conditions, as the HIF1α-stabilizing agents dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and cobalt chloride reduced TDO2 expression. Knockdown of HIF1α restored the expression of TDO2 upon cobalt chloride treatment, confirming that HIF1α controls TDO2 expression. To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of this novel mechanism of TDO2 regulation, we co-cultured isolated T cells with TDO2-expressing GBM cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Under normoxia TDO2-expressing GBM cells suppressed T cell proliferation, while hypoxia restored the proliferation of the T cells, likely due to the reduction in kynurenine levels produced by the GBM cells. Taken together, our data suggest that the regulation of TDO2 expression by HIF1α may be involved in modulating anti-tumor immunity in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya R Mohapatra
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Tykocinski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jørn Dietze
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Discovery and Characterisation of Dual Inhibitors of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO2) and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Using Virtual Screening. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234346. [PMID: 31795096 PMCID: PMC6930675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers express tryptophan catabolising enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) to produce immunosuppressive tryptophan metabolites that undermine patients’ immune systems, leading to poor disease outcomes. Both enzymes are validated targets for cancer immunotherapy but there is a paucity of potent TDO2 and dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitors. To identify novel dual IDO1/TDO2 scaffolds, 3D shape similarity and pharmacophore in silico screening was conducted using TDO2 as a model for both systems. The obtained hits were tested in cancer cell lines expressing mainly IDO1 (SKOV3—ovarian), predominantly TDO2 (A172—brain), and both IDO1 and TDO2 (BT549—breast). Three virtual screening hits were confirmed as inhibitors (TD12, TD18 and TD34). Dose response experiments showed that TD34 is the most potent inhibitor capable of blocking both IDO1 and TDO2 activity, with the IC50 value for BT549 at 3.42 µM. This work identified new scaffolds able to inhibit both IDO1 and TDO2, thus enriching the collection of dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitors and providing chemical matter for potential development into future anticancer drugs.
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Jacob M, Gu X, Luo X, Al-Mousa H, Arnaout R, Al-Saud B, L. Lopata A, Li L, Dasouki M, Rahman AMA. Metabolomics Distinguishes DOCK8 Deficiency from Atopic Dermatitis: Towards a Biomarker Discovery. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9110274. [PMID: 31718082 PMCID: PMC6918408 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bi-allelic mutations in the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) are responsible for a rare autosomal recessive primary combined immunodeficiency syndrome, characterized by atopic dermatitis, elevated serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, recurrent severe cutaneous viral infections, autoimmunity, and predisposition to malignancy. The molecular link between DOCK8 deficiency and atopic skin inflammation remains unknown. Severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and DOCK8 deficiency share some clinical symptoms, including eczema, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE levels. Increased serum IgE levels are characteristic of, but not specific to allergic diseases. Herein, we aimed to study the metabolomic profiles of DOCK8-deficient and AD patients for potential disease-specific biomarkers using chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIL LC-MS). Serum samples were collected from DOCK8-deficient (n = 10) and AD (n = 9) patients. Metabolomics profiling using CIL LC-MS was performed on patient samples and compared to unrelated healthy controls (n = 33). Seven metabolites were positively identified, distinguishing DOCK8-deficient from AD patients. Aspartic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid (3HAA, a tryptophan degradation pathway intermediate) were up-regulated in DOCK8 deficiency, whereas hypotaurine, leucyl-phenylalanine, glycyl-phenylalanine, and guanosine were down-regulated. Hypotaurine, 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid, and glycyl-phenyalanine were identified as potential biomarkers specific to DOCK8 deficiency. Aspartate availability has been recently implicated as a limiting metabolite for tumour growth and 3HAA; furthermore, other tryptophan metabolism pathway-related molecules have been considered as potential novel targets for cancer therapy. Taken together, perturbations in tryptophan degradation and increased availability of aspartate suggest a link of DOCK8 deficiency to oncogenesis. Additionally, perturbations in taurine and dipeptides metabolism suggest altered antixidation and cell signaling states in DOCK8 deficiency. Further studies examining the mechanisms underlying these observations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Jacob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4814, Australia;
| | - Xinyun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada (X.L.); (R.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Xian Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada (X.L.); (R.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Hamoud Al-Mousa
- Section of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH-RC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.-M.); (B.A.-S.)
| | - Rand Arnaout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada (X.L.); (R.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Bandar Al-Saud
- Section of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH-RC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.-M.); (B.A.-S.)
| | - Andreas L. Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4814, Australia;
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada (X.L.); (R.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.M.A.R.); Tel.: +966-1146-47272 (ext. 20481) (M.D.); +966-1146-47272 (ext. 36481) (A.M.A.R.); Fax: +966-1144-24585 (M.D. & A.M.A.R.)
| | - Anas M. Abdel Rahman
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.M.A.R.); Tel.: +966-1146-47272 (ext. 20481) (M.D.); +966-1146-47272 (ext. 36481) (A.M.A.R.); Fax: +966-1144-24585 (M.D. & A.M.A.R.)
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Sailer V, Sailer U, Bawden EG, Zarbl R, Wiek C, Vogt TJ, Dietrich J, Loick S, Grünwald I, Toma M, Golletz C, Gerstner A, Kristiansen G, Bootz F, Scheckenbach K, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. DNA methylation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas correlates with IDO1 expression, HPV status, patients' survival, immune cell infiltrates, mutational load, and interferon γ signature. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:341-352. [PMID: 31628024 PMCID: PMC6838413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune checkpoint, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, is under investigation as target of novel immunotherapies for cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The aim of our study was to analyze DNA methylation of the encoding gene (IDO1) in HNSCC. Methods Methylation of three CpG sites within the promoter, promoter flank, and gene body was investigated and correlated with mRNA expression, immune cell infiltration, mutational burden, human papillomavirus (HPV)-status, and overall survival in a cohort of N = 528 HNSCC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, IDO1 immunohistochemistry and DNA methylation analysis was performed in an independent cohort of N = 138 HNSCC samples. Findings Significant inverse correlations of IDO1 methylation and IDO1 mRNA expression were found in the promoter and promoter flank region (Spearman's ρ = −0.163 and ρ = −0.377, respectively) while a positive correlation was present in the gene body (ρ = 0.502; all P < 0.001). IDO1 DNA methylation significantly correlated with IDO1 protein expressing immune cells as well as tumor cells. IDO1 promoter flank hypermethylation was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.001). In addition, we discovered significant correlations between IDO1 methylation and expression with RNA signatures of immune cell infiltrates and with HPV-status, mutational load (methylation only), and interferon γ signature. Interpretation Our results suggest IDO1 expression levels are epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation. This study provides rationale to test IDO1 methylation as potential biomarker for prediction of response to IDO1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sailer
- Pathology of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrike Sailer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Emma Grace Bawden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romina Zarbl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joern Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophia Loick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingela Grünwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gerstner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Municipal Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Wang G, Huang S, Wang Y, Cai S, Yu H, Liu H, Zeng X, Zhang G, Qiao S. Bridging intestinal immunity and gut microbiota by metabolites. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3917-3937. [PMID: 31250035 PMCID: PMC6785585 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the site of nutrient digestion and absorption and is also colonized by diverse, highly mutualistic microbes. The intestinal microbiota has diverse effects on the development and function of the gut-specific immune system, and provides some protection from infectious pathogens. However, interactions between intestinal immunity and microorganisms are very complex, and recent studies have revealed that this intimate crosstalk may depend on the production and sensing abilities of multiple bioactive small molecule metabolites originating from direct produced by the gut microbiota or by the metabolism of dietary components. Here, we review the interplay between the host immune system and the microbiota, how commensal bacteria regulate the production of metabolites, and how these microbiota-derived products influence the function of several major innate and adaptive immune cells involved in modulating host immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74074, USA
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Tan VX, Guillemin GJ. Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1013. [PMID: 31616242 PMCID: PMC6764462 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) currently lacks a robust and well-defined biomarker that can 1) assess the progression of the disease, 2) predict and/or delineate the various clinical subtypes, and 3) evaluate or predict a patient's response to treatments. The kynurenine Pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation represent a promising candidate as it is involved with several neuropathological features present in ALS including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, immune system activation and dysregulation of energy metabolism. Some of the KP metabolites (KPMs) can cross the blood brain barrier, and many studies have shown their levels are dysregulated in major neurodegenerative diseases including ALS. The KPMs can be easily analyzed in body fluids and tissue and as they are small molecules, and are stable. KPMs have a Janus face action, they can be either or both neurotoxic and/or neuroprotective depending of their levels. This mini review examines and presents evidence supporting the use of KPMs as a relevant set of biomarkers for ALS, and highlights the criteria required to achieve a valid biomarker set for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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46
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Venkateswaran N, Lafita-Navarro MC, Hao YH, Kilgore JA, Perez-Castro L, Braverman J, Borenstein-Auerbach N, Kim M, Lesner NP, Mishra P, Brabletz T, Shay JW, DeBerardinis RJ, Williams NS, Yilmaz OH, Conacci-Sorrell M. MYC promotes tryptophan uptake and metabolism by the kynurenine pathway in colon cancer. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1236-1251. [PMID: 31416966 PMCID: PMC6719621 DOI: 10.1101/gad.327056.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumors display increased uptake and processing of nutrients to fulfill the demands of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Seminal studies have shown that the proto-oncogene MYC promotes metabolic reprogramming by altering glutamine uptake and metabolism in cancer cells. How MYC regulates the metabolism of other amino acids in cancer is not fully understood. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we found that MYC increased intracellular levels of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway. MYC induced the expression of the tryptophan transporters SLC7A5 and SLC1A5 and the enzyme arylformamidase (AFMID), involved in the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine. SLC7A5, SLC1A5, and AFMID were elevated in colon cancer cells and tissues, and kynurenine was significantly greater in tumor samples than in the respective adjacent normal tissue from patients with colon cancer. Compared with normal human colonic epithelial cells, colon cancer cells were more sensitive to the depletion of tryptophan. Blocking enzymes in the kynurenine pathway caused preferential death of established colon cancer cells and transformed colonic organoids. We found that only kynurenine and no other tryptophan metabolite promotes the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Blocking the interaction between AHR and kynurenine with CH223191 reduced the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Therefore, we propose that limiting cellular kynurenine or its downstream targets could present a new strategy to reduce the proliferation of MYC-dependent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Venkateswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yi-Heng Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jessica A Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lizbeth Perez-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan Braverman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nofit Borenstein-Auerbach
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Lydia Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Nicholas P Lesner
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Chalisova NI, Ivanova PN, Zalomaeva ES, Nikitina EA, Kozina LS. Effect of Tryptophan and Kynurenine on Cell Proliferation in Tissue Culture of the Cerebral Cortex in Young and Old Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Xu X, Gnanaprakasam JNR, Sherman J, Wang R. A Metabolism Toolbox for CAR T Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:322. [PMID: 31114756 PMCID: PMC6503740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) through genetic engineering is one of the most promising new therapies for treating cancer patients. A robust CAR T cell-mediated anti-tumor response requires the coordination of nutrient and energy supplies with CAR T cell expansion and function. However, the high metabolic demands of tumor cells compromise the function of CAR T cells by competing for nutrients within the tumor microenvironment (TME). To substantially improve clinical outcomes of CAR T immunotherapy while treating solid tumors, it is essential to metabolically prepare CAR T cells to overcome the metabolic barriers imposed by the TME. In this review, we discuss a potential metabolism toolbox to improve the metabolic fitness of CAR T cells and maximize the efficacy of CAR T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Xu
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - J N Rashida Gnanaprakasam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John Sherman
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Sharif T, Martell E, Dai C, Ghassemi-Rad MS, Kennedy BE, Lee PWK, Gujar S. Regulation of Cancer and Cancer-Related Genes via NAD . Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:906-923. [PMID: 29334761 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NAD+ is an essential redox cofactor in cellular metabolism and has emerged as an important regulator of a wide spectrum of disease conditions, most notably, cancers. As such, various strategies targeting NAD+ synthesis in cancers are in clinical trials. Recent Advances: Being a substrate required for the activity of various enzyme families, especially sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerases, NAD+-mediated signaling plays an important role in gene expression, calcium release, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. Many strategies exploring the potential of interfering with NAD+ metabolism to sensitize cancer cells to achieve anticancer benefits are highly promising, and are being pursued. CRITICAL ISSUES With the multifaceted roles of NAD+ in cancer, it is important to understand how cellular processes are reliant on NAD+. This review summarizes how NAD+ metabolism regulates various pathophysiological processes in cancer, and how this knowledge can be exploited to devise effective anticancer therapies in clinical settings. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In line with the redundant pathways that facilitate NAD+ metabolism, further studies should comprehensively understand the roles of the various NAD+-synthesizing as well as NAD+-utilizing biomolecules to understand its true potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Sharif
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Emma Martell
- 2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Cathleen Dai
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Barry E Kennedy
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,3 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,4 Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Systems Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
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Lahiri P, Dhaware D, Singh A, Panchagnula V, Ghosh D. Quantitation of Neurotoxic Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway by Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LDI-MS). Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1996:113-129. [PMID: 31127552 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9488-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of the mammalian kynurenine (KYN) pathway are generated from a branch of tryptophan metabolic pathway. The latter generates 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), kynurenic acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN), and picolinic acid (PIC) which are all strongly neuroactive, often with dramatically contrasting functional outcomes. Whereas KYNA and PIC are neuroprotective, 3-HK and QUIN are potently neurotoxic and attributed in major neurodegenerative diseases like schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, bipolar disorder, and depression. It is increasingly evident that the ratio(s) between the neurotoxic and neuroprotective metabolites may help predict the manifestations of disease vs. health. Therefore high-throughput platforms for determining the relative levels of these kynurenine metabolites in biofluids offer considerable potential. Current analytical tools for studying KYN pathway include assays of branching enzymes, PCR, immunoanalysis, and LCMS. None of these offer high-throughput, cost-effective analyses suited for clinical or drug-screening applications. In this report a laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) method is described using SBA-15 mesoporous silica. The system allows fast, high-resolution quantitation of neurotoxic kynurenines using targeted metabolomics on conventional MALDI platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Lahiri
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Dhaware
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Panchagnula
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Dipankar Ghosh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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