1
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Fei H, Chen T, Jiang H. Autocrine and paracrine effects of MDK promote lymph node metastasis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. iScience 2024; 27:110077. [PMID: 39040052 PMCID: PMC11261016 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the main metastatic pathway of cervical cancer, which is closely related to 5-year survival rate of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), yet the underlying mechanism remains unconfirmed. In this study, we show that midkine (MDK) was highly expressed in CSCC and overexpression of MDK was associated with CSCC LNM. Functional investigations demonstrated that MDK promoted LNM by enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of cervical cancer cells, facilitating lymphangiogenesis and down-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins of human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs). MDK exerted these biological effects by interacting with Syndecan-1 and activating PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK pathways. A retrospective study showed that s-MDK was related to LNM. s-MDK combined with serum-squamous cell carcinoma antigen(s-SCCA) improved the diagnostic accuracy of CSCC LNM. These findings established a new mechanism of LNM and highlighted MDK as a candidate tumor biomarker and therapeutic target in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Fei
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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2
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Chen S, Liao J, Li J, Wang S. GPC2 promotes prostate cancer progression via MDK-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 39014225 PMCID: PMC11252201 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major medical problem for men worldwide. Advanced prostate cancer is currently incurable. Recently, much attention was paid to the role of GPC2 in the field of oncology. Nevertheless, there have been no investigations of GPC2 and its regulatory mechanism in prostate cancer. Here, we revealed a novel action of GPC2 and a tumor promoting mechanism in prostate cancer. GPC2 was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Higher expression of GPC2 was correlated with higher Gleason score, lymphatic metastasis, and worse overall survival in prostate cancer patients. Decreased expression of GPC2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in prostate cancer, whereas GPC2 overexpression promoted these properties. Mechanistically, GPC2 promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through MDK. The rescue assay results in prostate cancer cells demonstrated that overexpression of MDK could attenuate GPC2 knockdown induced inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling and partly reverse GPC2 knockdown induced inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In all, our study identified GPC2 as an oncogene in prostate cancer. GPC2 promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via MDK-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. GPC2 might be a promising prognosis predictor and potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Chen
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiaxing Liao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juhua Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Saihui Wang
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, China.
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3
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Shi Q, Xue C, Zeng Y, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jiang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L. Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38797752 PMCID: PMC11128457 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, renowned for its role in regulating cell fate, organ development, and tissue homeostasis across metazoans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences, typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies, closely linked to cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells, thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness. The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Moreover, the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling. This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers, providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy, aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Neumaier EE, Rothhammer V, Linnerbauer M. The role of midkine in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1310094. [PMID: 38098484 PMCID: PMC10720637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic growth factor highly expressed during embryogenesis with important functions related to growth, proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, reproduction, and repair. Recent research has indicated that MDK functions as a key player in autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of brain tumors, acute injuries, and other CNS disorders. This review summarizes the modes of action and immunological functions of MDK both in the peripheral immune compartment and in the CNS, particularly in the context of traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, we discuss the role of MDK as a central mediator of neuro-immune crosstalk, focusing on the interactions between CNS-infiltrating and -resident cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of MDK and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Kam NW, Lau CY, Che CM, Lee VHF. Nasopharynx Battlefield: Cellular Immune Responses Mediated by Midkine in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and COVID-19. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4850. [PMID: 37835544 PMCID: PMC10571800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that the severe respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often associated with a cytokine storm that results in dysregulated immune responses. Prolonged COVID-19 positivity is thought to disproportionately affect cancer patients. With COVID-19 disrupting the delivery of cancer care, it is crucial to gain momentum and awareness of the mechanistic intersection between these two diseases. This review discusses the role of the cytokine midkine (MK) as an immunomodulator in patients with COVID-19 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), both of which affect the nasal cavity. We conducted a review and analysis of immunocellular similarities and differences based on clinical studies, research articles, and published transcriptomic datasets. We specifically focused on ligand-receptor pairs that could be used to infer intercellular communication, as well as the current medications used for each disease, including NPC patients who have contracted COVID-19. Based on our findings, we recommend close monitoring of the MK axis to maintain the desirable effects of therapeutic regimens in fighting both NPC and COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngar-Woon Kam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.-W.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Cho-Yiu Lau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.-W.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.-W.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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Saikia M, Cheung N, Singh AK, Kapoor V. Role of Midkine in Cancer Drug Resistance: Regulators of Its Expression and Its Molecular Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8739. [PMID: 37240085 PMCID: PMC10218550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecules involved in drug resistance can be targeted for better therapeutic efficacies. Research on midkine (MDK) has escalated in the last few decades, which affirms a positive correlation between disease progression and MDK expression in most cancers and indicates its association with multi-drug resistance in cancer. MDK, a secretory cytokine found in blood, can be exploited as a potent biomarker for the non-invasive detection of drug resistance expressed in various cancers and, thereby, can be targeted. We summarize the current information on the involvement of MDK in drug resistance, and transcriptional regulators of its expression and highlight its potential as a cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Saikia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (M.S.); (N.C.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Nathan Cheung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (M.S.); (N.C.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (M.S.); (N.C.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (M.S.); (N.C.); (A.K.S.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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Chen L, Mu B, Li Y, Lu F, Mu P. DRR1 promotes neuroblastoma cell differentiation by regulating CREB expression. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:852-861. [PMID: 35854089 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants and the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. DRR1 was identified to be downregulated in poorly differentiated ganglion cells from neuroblastoma model mice. However, the roles of DRR1 in neuroblastoma remain largely unclear. METHODS The neuroblastoma cells were induced to differentiate, and the expression of DRR1 was detected. The expression of the neuroblastoma cell differentiation markers was analyzed in DRR1 shRNA- or DRR1-expressing vector-treated neuroblastoma cells. The downstream genes of DRR1 were screened with ChIP-seq assay. Finally, TNB1 cells were infected with DRR1 shRNA and CREB expressing vector containing lentivirus, and the expression of the cell differentiation markers, cell cycle distribution and tumor growth were analyzed. RESULTS The expression of DRR1 was increased in differentiated neuroblastoma cells, and downregulation of DRR1 expression inhibited the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Further experiments indicated that CREB is a candidate downstream gene of DRR1, and it mediates neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of CREB rescued the effect of DRR1 shRNA on cell differentiation, cell cycle distribution and tumor growth in neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS DRR1-CREB axis modulates the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells and is associated with the outcome of neuroblastoma patients. IMPACT DRR1 is involved in regulation of the differentiation of neuroblastoma. Binding with actin is essential for DRR1 to regulate neuroblastoma cell differentiation. CREB is a candidate downstream gene of DRR1 in regulating of the differentiation of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Bin Mu
- Shanghai Zhaohui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yalong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Fangjin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ping Mu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.
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8
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Zhuo Z, Lin L, Miao L, Li M, He J. Advances in liquid biopsy in neuroblastoma. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:903-917. [PMID: 38933377 PMCID: PMC11197818 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with intensive treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients, half of high-risk NB patients still relapse. New therapies targeting the biological characteristics of NB have important clinical value for the personalized treatment of NB. However, the current biological markers for NB are mainly analyzed by tissue biopsy. In recent years, circulating biomarkers of NB based on liquid biopsy have attracted more and more attention. This review summarizes the analytes and methods for liquid biopsy of NB. We focus on the application of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and monitoring of NB. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of liquid biopsy in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
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Majaj M, Weckbach LT. Midkine-A novel player in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1003104. [PMID: 36204583 PMCID: PMC9530663 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a 13-kDa heparin-binding cytokine and growth factor with anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, that enable it to partake in a series of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the past, research revolving around MK has concentrated on its roles in reproduction and development, tissue protection and repair as well as inflammatory and malignant processes. In the recent few years, MK's implication in a wide scope of cardiovascular diseases has been rigorously investigated. Nonetheless, there is still no broadly accepted consensus on whether MK exerts generally detrimental or favorable effects in cardiovascular diseases. The truth probably resides somewhere in-between and depends on the underlying physiological or pathophysiological condition. It is therefore crucial to thoroughly examine and appraise MK's participation in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we introduce the MK gene and protein, its multiple receptors and signaling pathways along with its expression in the vascular system and its most substantial functions in cardiovascular biology. Further, we recapitulate the current evidence of MK's expression in cardiovascular diseases, addressing the various sources and modes of MK expression. Moreover, we summarize the most significant implications of MK in cardiovascular diseases with particular emphasis on MK's advantageous and injurious functions, highlighting its ample diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Also, we focus on conflicting roles of MK in a number of cardiovascular diseases and try to provide some clarity and guidance to MK's multifaceted roles. In summary, we aim to pave the way for MK-based diagnostics and therapies that could present promising tools in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Majaj
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludwig T. Weckbach
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Deng T, Huang Q, Lin K, Qian J, Li Q, Li L, Xu S, Yun H, Wang H, Wu X, Liu H, Jin G, Liu X. Midkine-Notch2 Pathway Mediates Excessive Proliferation of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:794952. [PMID: 35774607 PMCID: PMC9239375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.794952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-induced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and subsequent airway remodeling is a hallmark of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The role of midkine (MK) in COPD is unclear. In this work, we explored the role of MK-Notch2 signaling in COPD by inhibiting the expression of MK using lentivirus shRNA in ASMCs in vitro and instillation of AAV9-MK in the airway of a COPD rat model in vivo. The results demonstrated that LPS decreased ASMC migration and proliferation, increased apoptosis and induced the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules. Inhibition of MK exacerbated the changes in migration and proliferation but decreased the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules. Rats treated with smoke fumigation and LPS showed features of COPD. The small airways of COPD rats were remodeled and lung function was significantly reduced. The expressions of TGF-β, ICAM-1, HA, MMP-9, PC-III, and LN in BALF and the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules were significantly increased in the COPD rats compared with controls. Inhibition of MK reversed these changes. In conclusion, the MK-Notch2 pathway plays a key role in airway remodeling induced by ASMC proliferation. Targeting the MK-Notch2 pathway may be a new strategy for improving airway remodeling and preventing progressive decline of pulmonary function in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Deng
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qifeng Huang
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuangqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongfang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hangfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
| | - Guiyun Jin
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
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11
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Xia T, Chen D, Liu X, Qi H, Wang W, Chen H, Ling T, Otkur W, Zhang CS, Kim J, Lin SC, Piao HL. Midkine noncanonically suppresses AMPK activation through disrupting the LKB1-STRAD-Mo25 complex. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:414. [PMID: 35487917 PMCID: PMC9054788 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MDK), a secreted growth factor, regulates signal transduction and cancer progression by interacting with receptors, and it can be internalized into the cytoplasm by endocytosis. However, its intracellular function and signaling regulation remain unclear. Here, we show that intracellular MDK interacts with LKB1 and STRAD to disrupt the LKB1-STRAD-Mo25 complex. Consequently, MDK decreases the activity of LKB1 to dampen both the basal and stress-induced activation of AMPK by glucose starvation or treatment of 2-DG. We also found that MDK accelerates cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the activation of the LKB1-AMPK axis. In human cancers, compared to other well-known growth factors, MDK expression is most significantly upregulated in cancers, especially in liver, kidney and breast cancers, correlating with clinical outcomes and inversely correlating with phosphorylated AMPK levels. Our study elucidates an inhibitory mechanism for AMPK activation, which is mediated by the intracellular MDK through disrupting the LKB1-STRAD-Mo25 complex.
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12
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Zhou Q, Cao H, Hang X, Liang H, Zhu M, Fan Y, Shi J, Dong N, He X. Midkine Prevents Calcification of Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells via Intercellular Crosstalk. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:794058. [PMID: 34977035 PMCID: PMC8714929 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.794058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD), the most common valvular heart disease, lacks pharmaceutical treatment options because its pathogenesis remains unclear. This disease with a complex macroenvironment characterizes notable cellular heterogeneity. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of cellular diversity and cell-to-cell communication are essential for elucidating the mechanisms driving CAVD progression and developing therapeutic targets. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to describe the comprehensive transcriptomic landscape and cell-to-cell interactions. The transitional valvular endothelial cells (tVECs), an intermediate state during the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), could be a target to interfere with EndMT progression. Moreover, matrix valvular interstitial cells (mVICs) with high expression of midkine (MDK) interact with activated valvular interstitial cells (aVICs) and compliment-activated valvular interstitial cells (cVICs) through the MK pathway. Then, MDK inhibited calcification of VICs that calcification was validated by Alizarin Red S staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting assays in vitro. Therefore, we speculated that mVICs secreted MDK to prevent VICs’ calcification. Together, these findings delineate the aortic valve cells’ heterogeneity, underlining the importance of intercellular cross talk and MDK, which may offer a potential therapeutic strategy as a novel inhibitor of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huamin Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixian Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ximiao He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Sun YT, Liu XR, Huang QF, Wang B, Weng YQ, Deng T, Li LH, Qian J, Li Q, Lin KW, Sun DM, Xu SQ, Wang HF, Wu XX. Midkine ameliorates LPS-induced apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells via the Notch2 pathway. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.363877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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14
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Komata Y, Tsubota S, Sakamoto K, Ikematsu S, Kadomatsu K. Screening of novel Midkine binding protein by BioID2-based proximity labeling. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021; 83:495-508. [PMID: 34552285 PMCID: PMC8438011 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.83.3.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, is associated with the poor prognosis of the pediatric tumor, neuroblastoma. MK would be a druggable target as many studies showed inhibition of its function in various cancers suppressed tumor developments. To establish the therapy targeting MK, identification of its binding partners, and elucidation of its intracellular signaling are needed. It was reported that exogenous MK induced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) downstream of mTOR signaling. Using RPS6 phosphorylation as a marker of MK response, we searched for MK reactive cell lines. We found that MK cell lines expressing less MK tended to respond better to MK. Next, using an MK reactive neuroblastoma cell line, MK-knocked down SH-SY5Y cells, we employed a proximity-dependent biotin identification method, which was invented to evaluate protein-protein interactions by biotinylation. We confirmed that secreted MK fused to the biotin ligase BioID2 (MK-BioID2) was able to biotinylate proteins from the cells. Biotinylated proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Twenty five proteins were found to be overlapped after three independent experiments, among which insulin-like growth binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) was further analyzed. IGFBP2 was indeed detected with immunoblotting after streptavidin pull down of MK-BioID2 labeled cell extract of MK-knocked down SH-SY5Y cells. Our study suggests that the BioID2 method is useful to identify binding partners of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Komata
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoma Tsubota
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikematsu
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Naha, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer) Proteomic Analysis of Patient-Derived Malignant Glioma Identifies Distinct Cellular Proteomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179566. [PMID: 34502484 PMCID: PMC8431317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas derive from brain glial cells and represent >75% of primary brain tumors. This includes anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III; AS), the most common and fatal glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV; GBM), and oligodendroglioma (ODG). We have generated patient-derived AS, GBM, and ODG cell models to study disease mechanisms and test patient-centered therapeutic strategies. We have used an aptamer-based high-throughput SOMAscan® 1.3K assay to determine the proteomic profiles of 1307 different analytes. SOMAscan® proteomes of AS and GBM self-organized into closely adjacent proteomes which were clearly distinct from ODG proteomes. GBM self-organized into four proteomic clusters of which SOMAscan® cluster 4 proteome predicted a highly inter-connected proteomic network. Several up- and down-regulated proteins relevant to glioma were successfully validated in GBM cell isolates across different SOMAscan® clusters and in corresponding GBM tissues. Slow off-rate modified aptamer proteomics is an attractive analytical tool for rapid proteomic stratification of different malignant gliomas and identified cluster-specific SOMAscan® signatures and functionalities in patient GBM cells.
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16
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Abstract
Informative and realistic mouse models of high-risk neuroblastoma are central to understanding mechanisms of tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. They also play vital roles in validating tumour drivers and drug targets, as platforms for assessment of new therapies and in the generation of drug sensitivity data that can inform treatment decisions for individual patients. This review will describe genetically engineered mouse models of specific subsets of high-risk neuroblastoma, the development of patient-derived xenograft models that more broadly represent the diversity and heterogeneity of the disease, and models of primary and metastatic disease. We discuss the research applications, advantages, and limitations of each model type, the importance of model repositories and data standards for supporting reproducible, high-quality research, and potential future directions for neuroblastoma mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Kamili
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Caroline Atkinson
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Toby N Trahair
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Dong Z, Li C, Coates D. PTN-PTPRZ signalling is involved in deer antler stem cell regulation during tissue regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3752-3769. [PMID: 33111346 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing deer antler contains a stem cell niche that can drive endochondral bone regeneration at up to 2 cm/day. Pleiotrophin (PTN), as a multifunctional growth factor, is found highly expressed at the messenger RNA level within the active antler stem cell tissues. This study aims to map the expression patterns of PTN protein and its receptors in a growing antler and investigate the effects of PTN on antler stem cells in vitro. Immunohistochemistry was employed to localise PTN/midkine (MDK) and their functional receptors, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), NOTCH2, and integrin αV β3, on serial slides of the antler growth centre. PTN was found to be the dominantly expressed growth factor in the PTN/MDK family. High expression of PTPRZ and ALK co-localised with PTN was found suggesting a potential interaction. The high levels of PTN and PTPRZ reflected the antler stem cell activation status during the regenerative process. When antler stem cells were cultured in vitro under the normoxic condition, no PTN protein was detected and exogenous PTN did not induce differentiation or proliferation but rather stem cell maintenance. Collectively, the antler stem cell niche appears to upregulate PTN and PTPRZ in vivo, and PTN-PTPRZ signalling may be involved in regulating antler stem cell behaviour during rapid antler regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Dawn Coates
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Zhang L, Zhou H, Li J, Wang X, Zhang X, Shi T, Feng G. Comprehensive Characterization of Circular RNAs in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820957622. [PMID: 33000697 PMCID: PMC7533920 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820957622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a rare type of cancer but frequently occurred in children. However, it is still unclear whether circular RNAs (circRNAs) play key roles in NB tumorigenesis or progression. In this study, we identified 39,022 circRNAs across the 39 neuroblastoma and 2 normal cell lines. With the gene and circRNA expression data, we classified the NB cell lines, identified and characterized the functional circRNAs in the 3 NB classes. Specifically, 29 circRNAs were found to be dysregulated in the NB classes. Notably, 7 circRNAs located within MYCN-amplified regions were upregulated in cell lines with the high activities of MYC targets and MYCN amplification, and were highly correlated with expression of their parental gene, NBAS. Subsequently, we constructed ceRNA networks for the functional circRNAs. Specifically, hsa_circ_0005379 was identified as a critical regulator in the ceRNA networks because of targeting 13 genes, which formed a complex competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Moreover, hsa_circ_0002343, which was connected with few genes, might regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling via RAC1. Furthermore, 3 genes, including NOTCH2, SERPINH1, and LAMC1, involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) were observed to connect with hsa_circ_0001361, suggesting that this circRNA was closely associated with EMT. Consequently, 7 genes, such as DAD1, PPIA, NOTCH2, PGK1, BUB1, EIF2S1, and TCF7L2, were found to be closely associated with both event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). In conclusion, the present study identified functional circRNAs and predicted their functionality in neuroblastoma cell lines, which not only improved the understanding of circRNAs in neuroblastoma, but also provided the evidences for the related researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Big Data and Engineering Research Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Hangyu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, the Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
- The authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Big Data and Engineering Research Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Big Data and Engineering Research Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Big Data and Engineering Research Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Han S, Shin H, Lee JK, Liu Z, Rabadan R, Lee J, Shin J, Lee C, Yang H, Kim D, Kim SH, Kim J, Oh JW, Kong DS, Lee JI, Seol HJ, Choi JW, Kang HJ, Nam DH. Secretome analysis of patient-derived GBM tumor spheres identifies midkine as a potent therapeutic target. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31811117 PMCID: PMC6897967 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor with few treatment options. The survival of glioma-initiating cells (GICs) is one of the major factors contributing to treatment failure. GICs frequently produce and respond to their own growth factors that support cell proliferation and survival. In this study, we aimed to identify critical autocrine factors mediating GIC survival and to evaluate the anti-GBM effect of antagonizing these factors. Proteomic analysis was performed using conditioned media from two different patient-derived GBM tumor spheres under a growth factor-depleted status. Then, the antitumor effects of inhibiting an identified autocrine factor were evaluated by bioinformatic analysis and molecular validation. Proteins secreted by sphere-forming GICs promote cell proliferation/survival and detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among these proteins, we focused on midkine (MDK) as a clinically significant and pathologically relevant autocrine factor. Antagonizing MDK reduced the survival of GBM tumor spheres through the promotion of cell cycle arrest and the consequent apoptotic cell death caused by oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. We also identified PCBP4, a novel molecular predictor of resistance to anti-MDK treatment. Collectively, our results indicate that MDK inhibition is an important therapeutic option by suppressing GIC survival through the induction of ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Han
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Shin
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jihye Shin
- Center for Theragnosis, BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heekyoung Yang
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donggeon Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Heon Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Oh
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Won Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Kawakubo N, Harada Y, Ishii M, Souzaki R, Kinoshita Y, Tajiri T, Taguchi T, Yonemitsu Y. Natural antibody against neuroblastoma of TH-MYCN transgenic mice does not correlate with spontaneous regression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1666-1673. [PMID: 30054041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma is unclear. Although it was hypothesized that this regression occurs via an immunological mechanism, there is no clinical evidence, and no animal models have been developed to investigate the involvement of immune systems, especially natural antibodies, against neuroblastoma. We performed an immunological analysis of homo- and heterozygous TH-MYCN transgenic mice as a model of aggressive neuroblastoma. Mice with no or small (<5 mm) tumors showed higher antibody titers in plasma than mice with large (>5 mm) tumors. A significant negative correlation was observed between the tumor diameter and the titer of antitumor antibody. This antibody had complement-dependent cytotoxicity but not antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, B-cell depletion had no effect on the tumor incidence in vivo. We revealed that TH-MYCN transgenic mice have a natural antibody against neuroblastoma that correlate with tumor size. However, this antibody does not correlate with the spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma. Thus, the function of the natural antibody is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naonori Kawakubo
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Harada
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Minori Ishii
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Souzaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonemitsu
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Zhou G, Latchoumanin O, Hebbard L, Duan W, Liddle C, George J, Qiao L. Aptamers as targeting ligands and therapeutic molecules for overcoming drug resistance in cancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018. [DOI: '10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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22
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Zhou G, Latchoumanin O, Hebbard L, Duan W, Liddle C, George J, Qiao L. Aptamers as targeting ligands and therapeutic molecules for overcoming drug resistance in cancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 134:107-121. [PMID: 29627370 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional anticancer therapies are often unable to completely eradicate the tumor bulk due to multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancers. A number of mechanisms such as micro-environmental stress and overexpression of drug efflux pumps are involved in the MDR process. Hence, therapeutic strategies for overcoming MDR are urgently needed to improve cancer treatment efficacy. Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides or peptides exhibiting unique three-dimensional structures and possess several unique advantages over conventional antibodies such as low immunogenicity and stronger tissue-penetration capacity. Aptamers targeting cancer-associated receptors have been explored to selectively deliver a therapeutic cargo (anticancer drugs, siRNAs, miRNAs and drug-carriers) to the intratumoral compartment where they can exert better tumor-killing effects. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the multiple regulatory mechanisms of MDR, with a particular emphasis on aptamer-mediated novel therapeutic agents and strategies that seek to reversing MDR. The challenges associated with aptamer-based agents and approaches are also discussed.
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23
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Zhang YB, Wang YP, Liu J. [Research advances in the role of aptamers in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of pediatric cancer]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:421-427. [PMID: 29764582 PMCID: PMC7389069 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA which are isolated from synthesized random oligonucleotide library in vitro via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and can bind to metal ions, small molecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and others targets with high affinity and specificity. Aptamers have the advantages of simple preparation, good thermal stability, and low immunogenicity and have great potential in the medical fields such as molecular imaging, biosensing, early diagnosis of diseases, and targeted therapy. Aptamer technology may be useful for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of pediatric cancer, and may avoid the side effects of conventional chemotherapy, such as growth and development disorders and long-term organ dysfunction. This article reviews the latest research advances in the selection and application of aptamers for pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Zhang
- Molecular Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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24
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Su Z, Kishida S, Tsubota S, Sakamoto K, Cao D, Kiyonari S, Ohira M, Kamijo T, Narita A, Xu Y, Takahashi Y, Kadomatsu K. Neurocan, an extracellular chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, stimulates neuroblastoma cells to promote malignant phenotypes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106296-106310. [PMID: 29290949 PMCID: PMC5739734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocan (NCAN), a secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is one of the major inhibitory molecules for axon regeneration in nervous injury. However, its role in cancer is not clear. Here we observed that high NCAN expression was closely associated with the unfavorable outcome of neuroblastoma (NB). NCAN was also highly and ubiquitously expressed in the early lesions and terminal tumor of TH-MYCN mice, a NB model. Interestingly, exogenous NCAN (i.e., overexpression, recombinant protein and conditioned medium) transformed adherent NB cells into spheres whose malignancies in vitro (anchorage-independent growth and chemoresistance) and in vivo (xenograft tumor growth) were potentiated. Both chondroitin sulfate sugar chains and NCAN's core protein were essential for the sphere formation. The CSG3 domain was essential in the moiety of NCAN. Our comprehensive microarray analysis and RT-qPCR of mRNA expression suggested that NCAN treatment promoted cell division, and urged cells to undifferentiated state. The knockdown of NCAN in tumor sphere cells cultured from TH-MYCN mice resulted in growth suppression in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that NCAN, which stimulates NB cells to promote malignant phenotypes, is an extracellular molecule providing a growth advantage to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoma Tsubota
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dongliang Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiyonari
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yinyan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Nakamura Y. Aptamers as therapeutic middle molecules. Biochimie 2017; 145:22-33. [PMID: 29050945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic molecules can be classified as low-, middle- and high-molecular weight drugs depending on their molecular masses. Antibodies represent high-molecular weight drugs and their clinical applications have been developing rapidly. Aptamers, on the other hand, are middle-molecular weight molecules that are short, single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that are selected in vitro from large oligonucleotide libraries based on their high affinity to a target molecule. Hence, aptamers can be thought of as a nucleic acid analog to antibodies. However, several viewpoints hold that the potential of aptamers arises from interesting characteristics that are distinct from, or in some cases, superior to those of antibodies. Recently, therapeutic middle molecules gain considerable attention as protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors. This review summarizes the recent achievements in aptamer development in our laboratory in terms of PPI and non-PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nakamura
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; RIBOMIC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan.
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Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is normally expressed in mid-gestational development mediating mesenchymal and epithelial interactions. As organisms age, expression of MDK diminishes; however, in adults, MDK expression is associated with acute and chronic pathologic conditions such as myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF). The role of MDK is not clear in cardiovascular disease and currently there is no consensus if it plays a beneficial or detrimental role in HF. The lack of clarity in the literature is exacerbated by differing roles that circulating and myocardial MDK play in signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes (some of which have yet to be elucidated). Of particular interest, serum MDK is elevated in adults with chronic heart failure and higher circulating MDK is associated with worse cardiac function. In addition, pediatric HF patients have higher levels of myocardial MDK. This review focuses on what is known about the effect of exogenous versus myocardial MDK in various cardiac disease models in an effort to better clarify the role of midkine in HF.
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27
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Tsubota S, Kishida S, Shimamura T, Ohira M, Yamashita S, Cao D, Kiyonari S, Ushijima T, Kadomatsu K. PRC2-Mediated Transcriptomic Alterations at the Embryonic Stage Govern Tumorigenesis and Clinical Outcome in MYCN-Driven Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5259-5271. [PMID: 28807939 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cancers such as neuroblastoma are thought to involve a dysregulation of embryonic development. However, it has been difficult to identify the critical events that trigger tumorigenesis and differentiate them from normal development. In this study, we report the establishment of a spheroid culture method that enriches early-stage tumor cells from TH-MYCN mice, a preclinical model of neuroblastoma. Using this method, we found that tumorigenic cells were evident as early as day E13.5 during embryo development, when the MYC and PRC2 transcriptomes were significantly altered. Ezh2, an essential component of PRC2, was expressed in embryonic and postnatal tumor lesions and physically associated with N-MYC and we observed that H3K27me3 was increased at PRC2 target genes. PRC2 inhibition suppressed in vitro sphere formation, derepressed its target genes, and suppressed in situ tumor growth. In clinical specimens, expression of MYC and PRC2 target genes correlated strongly and predicted survival outcomes. Together, our findings highlighted PRC2-mediated transcriptional control during embryogenesis as a critical step in the development and clinical outcome of neuroblastoma. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5259-71. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Tsubota
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dongliang Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiyonari
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Mu P, Akashi T, Lu F, Kishida S, Kadomatsu K. A novel nuclear complex of DRR1, F-actin and COMMD1 involved in NF-κB degradation and cell growth suppression in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5745-5756. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Módos D, Bulusu KC, Fazekas D, Kubisch J, Brooks J, Marczell I, Szabó PM, Vellai T, Csermely P, Lenti K, Bender A, Korcsmáros T. Neighbours of cancer-related proteins have key influence on pathogenesis and could increase the drug target space for anticancer therapies. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:2. [PMID: 28603644 PMCID: PMC5460138 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Even targeted chemotherapies against solid cancers show a moderate success increasing the need to novel targeting strategies. To address this problem, we designed a systems-level approach investigating the neighbourhood of mutated or differentially expressed cancer-related proteins in four major solid cancers (colon, breast, liver and lung). Using signalling and protein–protein interaction network resources integrated with mutational and expression datasets, we analysed the properties of the direct and indirect interactors (first and second neighbours) of cancer-related proteins, not found previously related to the given cancer type. We found that first neighbours have at least as high degree, betweenness centrality and clustering coefficient as cancer-related proteins themselves, indicating a previously unknown central network position. We identified a complementary strategy for mutated and differentially expressed proteins, where the affect of differentially expressed proteins having smaller network centrality is compensated with high centrality first neighbours. These first neighbours can be considered as key, so far hidden, components in cancer rewiring, with similar importance as mutated proteins. These observations strikingly suggest targeting first neighbours as a novel strategy for disrupting cancer-specific networks. Remarkably, our survey revealed 223 marketed drugs already targeting first neighbour proteins but applied mostly outside oncology, providing a potential list for drug repurposing against solid cancers. For the very central first neighbours, whose direct targeting would cause several side effects, we suggest a cancer-mimicking strategy by targeting their interactors (second neighbours of cancer-related proteins, having a central protein affecting position, similarly to the cancer-related proteins). Hence, we propose to include first neighbours to network medicine based approaches for (but not limited to) anticancer therapies. Cancer is considered a systems disease in which the interactors of cancer-related proteins have a key role, also as targets to fight cancer. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve success rates and to identify suitable proteins as novel, alternative drug targets. We designed a computational approach, combining mutation and differential expression data with network information, to analyse the interactions of cancer-related proteins in colon, breast, liver and lung cancer. We found that first (direct) neighbours, not linked previously to the given cancer type, are similarly important as mutated proteins known to be involved in cancer development. We found 223 drugs already in the clinic targeting these proteins but not yet used against cancer as their oncology relevance was hidden so far. Our observations open up new strategies for target selection and anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezső Módos
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Department of Health Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Krishna C Bulusu
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dávid Fazekas
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - János Kubisch
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johanne Brooks
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Department of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, UK
| | - István Marczell
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter M Szabó
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lenti
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Department of Health Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Bargehr J, Low L, Cheung C, Bernard WG, Iyer D, Bennett MR, Gambardella L, Sinha S. Embryological Origin of Human Smooth Muscle Cells Influences Their Ability to Support Endothelial Network Formation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:946-59. [PMID: 27194743 PMCID: PMC4922852 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from distinct anatomic locations derive from different embryonic origins. Here we investigated the respective potential of different embryonic origin-specific SMCs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to support endothelial network formation in vitro. SMCs of three distinct embryological origins were derived from an mStrawberry-expressing hESC line and were cocultured with green fluorescent protein-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the effects of distinct SMC subtypes on endothelial network formation. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that lateral mesoderm (LM)-derived SMCs best supported HUVEC network complexity and survival in three-dimensional coculture in Matrigel. The effects of the LM-derived SMCs on HUVECs were at least in part paracrine in nature. A TaqMan array was performed to identify the possible mediators responsible for the differential effects of the SMC lineages, and a microarray was used to determine lineage-specific angiogenesis gene signatures. Midkine (MDK) was identified as one important mediator for the enhanced vasculogenic potency of LM-derived SMCs. The functional effects of MDK on endothelial network formation were then determined by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in SMCs, which resulted in impaired network complexity and survival of LM-derived SMC cocultures. The present study is the first to show that SMCs from distinct embryonic origins differ in their ability to support HUVEC network formation. LM-derived SMCs best supported endothelial cell network complexity and survival in vitro, in part through increased expression of MDK. A lineage-specific approach might be beneficial for vascular tissue engineering and therapeutic revascularization. SIGNIFICANCE Mural cells are essential for the stabilization and maturation of new endothelial cell networks. However, relatively little is known of the effect of the developmental origins of mural cells on their signaling to endothelial cells and how this affects vessel development. The present study demonstrated that human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from distinct embryonic origins differ in their ability to support endothelial network formation. Lateral mesoderm-derived SMCs best support endothelial cell network complexity and survival in vitro, in part through increased expression of midkine. A lineage-specific approach might be beneficial for vascular tissue engineering and therapeutic revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bargehr
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucinda Low
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Cheung
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William G Bernard
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dharini Iyer
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Bennett
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Gambardella
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Structural basis for specific inhibition of Autotaxin by a DNA aptamer. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:395-401. [PMID: 27043297 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ATX is a plasma lysophospholipase D that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and produces lysophosphatidic acid. To date, no ATX-inhibition-mediated treatment strategies for human diseases have been established. Here, we report anti-ATX DNA aptamers that inhibit ATX with high specificity and efficacy. We solved the crystal structure of ATX in complex with the anti-ATX aptamer RB011, at 2.0-Å resolution. RB011 binds in the vicinity of the active site through base-specific interactions, thus preventing the access of the choline moiety of LPC substrates. Using the structural information, we developed the modified anti-ATX DNA aptamer RB014, which exhibited in vivo efficacy in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Our findings reveal the structural basis for the specific inhibition of ATX by the anti-ATX aptamer and highlight the therapeutic potential of anti-ATX aptamers for the treatment of human diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis.
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32
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Yamashita T, Shimada H, Tanaka S, Araki K, Tomifuji M, Mizokami D, Tanaka N, Kamide D, Miyagawa Y, Suzuki H, Tanaka Y, Shiotani A. Serum midkine as a biomarker for malignancy, prognosis, and chemosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:415-25. [PMID: 26798989 PMCID: PMC4799940 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved therapies for individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may be developed by identification of appropriate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum midkine measurement as a biomarker for HNSCC. Pretreatment serum midkine concentrations were measured in 103 patients with HNSCC and 116 control individuals by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Midkine expression in tumor tissues from 33 patients with HNSCC who underwent definitive surgical resection without preoperative treatment was examined by immunohistochemistry. The cut‐off serum midkine concentrations for predicting the presence of head and neck malignancy and chemosensitivity to induction chemotherapy, as determined using receiver operating characteristic curves, were 482 and 626 pg/mL, respectively. Spearman bivariate correlations showed positive correlations between serum midkine levels and immunohistochemistry staining score (r = 0.612, P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of serum midkine concentration for detection of HNSCC were 57.3, 85.3, 77.6, 69.2, and 72.1%, respectively. However, for predicting the response to induction chemotherapy, the values were 84.6, 60.9, 71.0, 77.8, and 73.5%, respectively. Serum midkine concentration was identified as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis, using Cox's proportional hazards model (P = 0.027). Overexpression of serum midkine yielded a relative risk of death of 3.77, with 95% confidence limits ranging from 1.15 to 17.0. Serum midkine levels in patients with HNSCC were associated with malignancy, chemosensitivity, and prognosis. Serum midkine may be a useful, minimally invasive biomarker for early detection, therapeutic decision‐making, and predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Koji Araki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tomifuji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizokami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tanaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamide
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Kuzu F, Arpaci D, Unal M, Altas A, Haytaoglu G, Can M, Barut F, Kokturk F, Ilikhan SU, Bayraktaroglu T. Midkine: A Novel Biomarker to Predict Malignancy in Patients with Nodular Thyroid Disease. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6035024. [PMID: 27446208 PMCID: PMC4944023 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6035024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Midkine (MK), a new heparin-binding growth factor, plays important roles in a variety of biological phenomena such as carcinogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum midkine (SMK) and nodular midkine (NMK) levels in patients with thyroid nodules to predict malignancy and whether there was any association between. Methods. A total of 105 patients (74 women, 31 men) with thyroid nodules were enrolled. The levels of SMK and NMK were measured. Any possible correlation between SMK, NMK, and biochemical, cytopathological, or radiological variables was investigated. Results. Both SMK and NMK were found to be higher in hypoechoic nodules with an irregular border and without a halo (p < 0.05). Serum MK levels were significantly higher in nodules with microcalcifications than nodules with macrocalcification or without calcification (p = 0.001). SMK levels were found to be correlated with NMK levels (SMK 0.63 ng/ml versus 1.04 ng/mL and NMK 0.55 ng/mL versus 0.55 ng/mL, r (2) = 0.54, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Both SMK and NMK can predict tumorigenesis of highly malignant/suspicious thyroid cytopathology and also well correlated with sonographic features of thyroid nodules. We suggest that MK levels may serve as an alternative biomarker, in conjunction with the cytopathological results in preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kuzu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Dilek Arpaci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Unal
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
- *Mustafa Unal:
| | - Ayfer Altas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Haytaoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Figen Barut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Furuzan Kokturk
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sevil Uygun Ilikhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Taner Bayraktaroglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
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HWANG HYUNJUNG, JUNG SEUNGHEE, LEE HYUNGCHUL, HAN NAKYUNG, BAE INHWA, LEE MINYOUNG, HAN YOUNGHOON, KANG YOUNGSUN, LEE SUJAE, PARK HEONJOO, KO YOUNGGYU, LEE JAESEON. Identification of novel therapeutic targets in the secretome of ionizing radiation-induced senescent tumor cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:841-50. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent basic studies have yielded important new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate growth locally. Simultaneously, clinical studies have identified new molecular defects that cause growth failure and overgrowth, and genome-wide association studies have elucidated the genetic basis for normal human height variation. RECENT FINDINGS The Hippo pathway has emerged as one of the major mechanisms controlling organ size. In addition, an extensive genetic program has been described that allows rapid body growth in the fetus and infant but then causes growth to slow with age in multiple tissues. In human genome-wide association studies, hundreds of loci associated with adult stature have been identified; many appear to involve genes that function locally in the growth plate. Clinical genetic studies have identified a new genetic abnormality, microduplication of Xq26.3, that is responsible for growth hormone excess, and a gene, DNMT3A, in which mutations cause an overgrowth syndrome through epigenetic mechanisms. SUMMARY These recent advances in our understanding of somatic growth not only provide insight into childhood growth disorders but also have broader medical applications because disruption of these regulatory systems contributes to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Presley Garrison
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Nakaguro M, Kiyonari S, Kishida S, Cao D, Murakami-Tonami Y, Ichikawa H, Takeuchi I, Nakamura S, Kadomatsu K. Nucleolar protein PES1 is a marker of neuroblastoma outcome and is associated with neuroblastoma differentiation. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:237-43. [PMID: 25557119 PMCID: PMC4376431 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood malignant tumor that arises from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Spontaneous regression is a phenomenon unique to NBs and is caused by differentiation of tumor cells. PES1 is a multifunctional protein with roles in both neural development and ribosome biogenesis. Various kinds of models have revealed the significance of PES1 in neurodevelopment. However, the roles of PES1 in NB tumorigenesis and differentiation have remained unknown. Here we show that NB cases with MYCN amplification and clinically unfavorable stage (INSS stage 4) express higher levels of PES1. High PES1 expression was associated with worse overall and relapse-free survival. In NB cell lines, PES1 knockdown suppressed tumor cell growth and induced apoptosis. This growth inhibition was associated with the expression of NB differentiation markers. However, when the differentiation of NB cell lines was induced by the use of all-trans retinoic acid, there was a corresponding decrease in PES1 expression. Pes1 expression of tumorspheres originated from MYCN transgenic mice also diminished after the induction of differentiation with growth factors. We also reanalyzed the distribution of PES1 in the nucleolus. PES1 was localized in the dense fibrillar component, but not in the granular component of nucleoli. After treatment with the DNA-damaging agent camptothecin, this distribution was dramatically changed to diffuse nucleoplasmic. These data suggest that PES1 is a marker of NB outcome, that it regulates NB cell proliferation, and is associated with NB differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Kiyonari S, Kadomatsu K. Neuroblastoma models for insights into tumorigenesis and new therapies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 10:53-62. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.974544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Güngör C, Hofmann BT, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Bockhorn M. Pancreatic cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:849-58. [PMID: 24024905 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In recent years, it has become clear that the current standard therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer are not adequate and still do not meet the criteria to cure patients suffering from this lethal disease. Although research over the past decade has shown very interesting and promising new therapeutic options for these patients, only minor clinical success was achieved. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for new approaches that deal with early detection and new therapeutic options in pancreatic cancer. To provide optimal care for patients with pancreatic cancer, we need to understand better its complex molecular biology and thus to identify new target molecules that promote the proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer cells. In spite of significant progress in curing cancers with chemotherapy, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most resistant solid tumour cancers and many studies suggest that drug-resistant cancer cells are the most aggressive with the highest relapse and metastatic rates. In this context, activated Notch signalling is strongly linked with chemoresistance and therefore reflects a rational new target to circumvent resistance to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Here, we have focused our discussion on the latest research, current therapy options and recently identified target molecules such as Notch-2 and the heparin-binding growth factor midkine, which exhibit a wide range of cancer-relevant functions and therefore provide attractive new therapeutic target molecules, in terms of pancreatic cancer and other cancers also. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Experimental Oncology, Campus Research, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Kadomatsu K, Bencsik P, Görbe A, Csonka C, Sakamoto K, Kishida S, Ferdinandy P. Therapeutic potential of midkine in cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:936-44. [PMID: 24286213 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ischaemic heart disease, stroke and their pathological consequences are life-threatening conditions that account for about half of deaths in developed countries. Pathology of these diseases includes cell death due to ischaemia/reperfusion injury, vascular stenosis and cardiac remodelling. The growth factor midkine plays a pivotal role in these events. Midkine shows an acute cytoprotective effect in ischaemia/reperfusion injury at least in part via its anti-apoptotic effect. Moreover, while midkine promotes endothelial cell proliferation, it also recruits inflammatory cells to lesions. These activities eventually enhance angiogenesis, thereby preventing cardiac tissue remodelling. However, midkine's activity in recruiting inflammatory cells into the vascular wall also triggers neointima formation, and consequently, vascular stenosis. Moreover, midkine is induced in cancer tissues where it enhances angiogenesis. Therefore, midkine may promote tumour formation through its angiogenic and anti-apoptotic activity. This review focuses on the roles of midkine in ischaemic cardiovascular disease and their pathological consequences, that is angiogenesis, vascular stenosis, and cardiac remodelling, and discusses the possible therapeutic potential of modulation of midkine in these diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Kishida S, Kadomatsu K. Involvement of midkine in neuroblastoma tumourigenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:896-904. [PMID: 24116381 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine is highly expressed in various cancers, including neuroblastoma, one of the most malignant paediatric solid tumours known. Also, it has been shown to be useful as a tumour marker, a prognosis factor and a target of molecular therapy. Several molecular tools (e.g. siRNA, antibodies and RNA aptamer) have been used to establish a midkine-targeted therapy. The involvement of midkine in tumourigenesis has been demonstrated in vivo in a mouse neuroblastoma model, where targeting it with an RNA aptamer was shown to be an effective treatment for xenografted tumours. Chemoresistance is one of the notable phenotypes regulated by midkine in various cancer cell types. In pancreatic tumours and glioma cells, midkine is expressed in chemoresistant cells and is involved in the survival of these cells in the presence of anticancer drugs. In contrast to these tumours, midkine was found to be expressed in every neuroblastoma cell line tested and the knockdown of midkine alone was sufficient to suppress their growth. These results indicate that neuroblastoma cells are highly dependent on midkine and that a midkine-targeted therapy could exert a significant effect in these cells. However, to achieve a midkine-targeted therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients, the further refinement of the RNA aptamer or antibody as tools and the elucidation of midkine signalling are immediate issues that need to be resolved. Regarding the latter, although it has been shown that Notch2 functions as a receptor in neuroblastoma cells, it is likely that other receptors (e.g. anaplastic lymphoma kinase) are also involved in midkine signalling. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Shao H, Yu X, Wang C, Wang Q, Guan H. Midkine expression is associated with clinicopathological features and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2014; 46:285-91. [PMID: 24272599 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to detect the expression of midkine (MK) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and to evaluate whether MK expression is associated with clinicopathological features and BRAF mutation in PTC. The expression of MK in samples from 200 cases of PTC, 60 cases of adenomatoid nodule of thyroid, and 40 samples of tumor-adjacent normal thyroid tissue were assessed with immunohistochemistry. The BRAF mutation was detected by direct sequencing. The relationships between MK expression and the clinicopathological features of PTC and BRAF mutation were analyzed. The results demonstrated that MK was not expressed in tumor-adjacent normal tissue. The positive expression rates and MK scores were both higher in PTC than in adenomatoid nodule (positive expression rates: 88 vs. 8.3 %, P < 0.001; MK scores: 2.02 ± 0.93 vs. 0.08 ± 0.28, P < 0.001). The expression level of MK in PTC with extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, or stage III/IV was significantly higher than that in PTC without such biological features (all P < 0.01). The overall prevalence of BRAF mutation was 66.5 % in PTC. The expression level of MK in PTC with BRAF mutation was significantly higher than that in PTC with wild-type BRAF (P < 0.001). We can conclude that MK is specifically expressed in PTC tissues and is associated with clinicopathological features and BRAF mutation. MK may be a helpful diagnostic and prognostic marker for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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The Multifunctional Growth Factor Midkine Promotes Proliferation and Migration in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:670-80. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muramatsu T. Structure and function of midkine as the basis of its pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:814-26. [PMID: 23992440 PMCID: PMC3925020 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor or cytokine and forms a small protein family, the other member of which is pleiotrophin. MK enhances survival, migration, cytokine expression, differentiation and other activities of target cells. MK is involved in various physiological processes, such as development, reproduction and repair, and also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and malignant diseases. MK is largely composed of two domains, namely a more N-terminally located N-domain and a more C-terminally located C-domain. Both domains are basically composed of three antiparallel β-sheets. In addition, there are short tails in the N-terminal and C-terminal sides and a hinge connecting the two domains. Several membrane proteins have been identified as MK receptors: receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Z1 (PTPζ), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, integrins, neuroglycan C, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and Notch-2. Among them, the most established one is PTPζ. It is a transmembrane tyrosine phophatase with chondroitin sulfate, which is essential for high-affinity binding with MK. PI3K and MAPK play important roles in the downstream signalling system of MK, while transcription factors affected by MK signalling include NF-κB, Hes-1 and STATs. Because of the involvement of MK in various physiological and pathological processes, MK itself as well as pharmaceuticals targeting MK and its signalling system are expected to be valuable for the treatment of numerous diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muramatsu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasakicho, Nisshinn, Aichi, 470-0195, Japan. ,
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Kadomatsu K, Kishida S, Tsubota S. The heparin-binding growth factor midkine: the biological activities and candidate receptors. J Biochem 2013; 153:511-21. [PMID: 23625998 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) comprises a family with pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule. The biological phenomena in which MK is involved can be categorized into five areas: (i) cancer, (ii) inflammation/immunity, (iii) blood pressure, (iv) development and (v) tissue protection. The phenotypes are clear in vivo, but the mechanisms by which MK exerts these actions are not fully understood. Candidate receptors for MK include anaplastic lymphoma kinase, protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ, Notch2, LDL receptor-related protein 1, integrins and proteoglycans. Some physical associations between these candidate receptors are also known. Because of the striking in vivo phenotypes after manipulation of MK, MK could be an important molecular target for the treatment of various diseases. To this end, it will be important to pursue studies to fully understand the mechanisms of MK action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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