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Kasamatsu S, Nishimura A, Alam MM, Morita M, Shimoda K, Matsunaga T, Jung M, Ogata S, Barayeu U, Ida T, Nishida M, Nishimura A, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Supersulfide catalysis for nitric oxide and aldehyde metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8631. [PMID: 37595031 PMCID: PMC10438454 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Abundant formation of endogenous supersulfides, which include reactive persulfide species and sulfur catenated residues in thiols and proteins (supersulfidation), has been observed. We found here that supersulfides catalyze S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) metabolism via glutathione-dependent electron transfer from aldehydes by exploiting alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5). ADH5 is a highly conserved bifunctional enzyme serving as GSNO reductase (GSNOR) that down-regulates NO signaling and formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) that detoxifies formaldehyde in the form of glutathione hemithioacetal. C174S mutation significantly reduced the supersulfidation of ADH5 and almost abolished GSNOR activity but spared FDH activity. Notably, Adh5C174S/C174S mice manifested improved cardiac functions possibly because of GSNOR elimination and consequent increased NO bioavailability. Therefore, we successfully separated dual functions (GSNOR and FDH) of ADH5 (mediated by the supersulfide catalysis) through the biochemical analysis for supersulfides in vitro and characterizing in vivo phenotypes of the GSNOR-deficient organisms that we established herein. Supersulfides in ADH5 thus constitute a substantial catalytic center for GSNO metabolism mediating electron transfer from aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Md. Morshedul Alam
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Mirpur 12, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kakeru Shimoda
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Cardiocirculatory Dynamism Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Minkyung Jung
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Cardiocirculatory Dynamism Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Cardiocirculatory Dynamism Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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NO news: S-(de)nitrosylation of cathepsins and their relationship with cancer. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114872. [PMID: 36027970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor formation and progression have been much of a study over the last two centuries. Recent studies have seen different developments for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease; some of which even promise survival of the patient. Cysteine proteases, mainly cathepsins have been unequivocally identified as putative worthy players of redox imbalance that contribute to the premonition and further progression of cancer by interfering in the normal extracellular and intracellular proteolysis and initiating a proteolytic cascade. The present review article focuses on the study of cancer so far, while establishing facts on how future studies focused on the cellular interrelation between nitric oxide (NO) and cancer, can direct their focus on cathepsins. For a tumor cell to thrive and synergize a cancerous environment, different mutations in the proteolytic and signaling pathways and the proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and the tumor suppressor genes are made possible through cellular biochemistry and some cancer-stimulating environmental factors. The accumulated findings show that S-nitrosylation of cathepsins under the influence of NO-donors can prevent the invasion of cancer and cause cancer cell death by blocking the activity of cathepsins as well as the major denitrosylase systems using a multi-way approach. Faced with a conundrum of how to fill the gap between the dodging of established cancer hallmarks with cathepsin activity and gaining appropriate research/clinical accreditation using our hypothesis, the scope of this review also explores the interplay and crosstalk between S-nitrosylation and S-(de)nitrosylation of this protease and highlights the utility of charging thioredoxin (Trx) reductase inhibitors, low-molecular-weight dithiols, and Trx mimetics using efficient drug delivery system to prevent the denitrosylation or regaining of cathepsin activity in vivo. In foresight, this raises the prospect that drugs or novel compounds that target cathepsins taking all these factors into consideration could be deployed as alternative or even better treatments for cancer, though further research is needed to ascertain the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of this approach.
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Jiao L, Su LY, Liu Q, Luo R, Qiao X, Xie T, Yang LX, Chen C, Yao YG. GSNOR deficiency attenuates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and autophagy by facilitating CDK5 S-nitrosation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:111-121. [PMID: 35918012 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a key denitrosating enzyme that regulates protein S-nitrosation, a process which has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the physiological function of GSNOR in PD remains unknown. In a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model, we found that GSNOR expression was significantly increased and accompanied by autophagy mediated by MPTP-induced cyclin dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), behavioral dyskinesias and dopaminergic neuron loss. Whereas, knockout of GSNOR, or treatment with the GSNOR inhibitor N6022, alleviated MPTP-induced PD-like pathology and neurotoxicity. Mechanistically, deficiency of GSNOR inhibited MPTP-induced CDK5 kinase activity and CDK5-mediated autophagy by increasing S-nitrosation of CDK5 at Cys83. Our study indicated that GSNOR is a key regulator of CDK5 S-nitrosation and is actively involved in CDK5-mediated autophagy induced by MPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Ling-Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Qianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Rongcan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu-Xiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Dios-Barbeito S, González R, Cadenas M, García LF, Victor VM, Padillo FJ, Muntané J. Impact of nitric oxide in liver cancer microenvironment. Nitric Oxide 2022; 128:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tumor-Associated Inflammation: The Tumor-Promoting Immunity in the Early Stages of Tumorigenesis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3128933. [PMID: 35733919 PMCID: PMC9208911 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3128933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistage progressive oncogenic process caused by alterations in the structure and expression level of multiple genes. Normal cells are continuously endowed with new capabilities in this evolution, leading to subsequent tumor formation. Immune cells are the most important components of inflammation, which is closely associated with tumorigenesis. There is a broad consensus in cancer research that inflammation and immune response facilitate tumor progression, infiltration, and metastasis via different mechanisms; however, their protumor effects are equally important in tumorigenesis at earlier stages. Previous studies have demonstrated that during the early stages of tumorigenesis, certain immune cells can promote the formation and proliferation of premalignant cells by inducing DNA damage and repair inhibition, releasing trophic/supporting signals, promoting immune escape, and activating inflammasomes, as well as enhance the characteristics of cancer stem cells. In this review, we focus on the potential mechanisms by which immune cells can promote tumor initiation and promotion in the early stages of tumorigenesis; furthermore, we discuss the interaction of the inflammatory environment and protumor immune cells with premalignant cells and cancer stem cells, as well as the possibility of early intervention in tumor formation by targeting these cellular mechanisms.
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He Q, Qu M, Xu C, Shi W, Hussain M, Jin G, Zhu H, Zeng LH, Wu X. The emerging roles of nitric oxide in ferroptosis and pyroptosis of tumor cells. Life Sci 2021; 290:120257. [PMID: 34952041 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells can develop resistance to cell death which is divided into necrosis and programmed cell death (PCD). PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Ferroptosis and pyroptosis, two new forms of cell death, have gradually been of interest to researchers. Boosting ferroptosis and pyroptosis of tumor cells could be a potential cancer therapy. Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, lipophilic, highly diffusible, free-radical signaling molecule that plays various roles in tumorigenesis. In addition, NO also has regulatory mechanisms through S-nitrosylation that do not depend on the classic NO/sGC/cGMP signaling. The current tumor treatment strategy for NO is to promote cell death through promoting S-nitrosylation-induced apoptosis while multiple drawbacks dampen this tumor therapy. However, numerous studies have suggested that suppression of NO is perceived to active ferroptosis and pyroptosis, which could be a better anti-tumor treatment. In this review, ferroptosis and pyroptosis are described in detail. We summarize that NO influences ferroptosis and pyroptosis and infer that S-nitrosylation mediates ferroptosis- and pyroptosis-related signaling pathways. It could be a potential cancer therapy different from NO-induced apoptosis of tumor cells. Finally, the information shows the drugs that manipulate endogenous production and exogenous delivery of NO to modulate the levels of S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guojian Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Central Hospital Anchang Branch, Shaoxing City 312080, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Pillars and Gaps of S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation in Physiology and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121424. [PMID: 34947954 PMCID: PMC8704633 DOI: 10.3390/life11121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, which release NO during the metabolism of the amino acid arginine. NO participates in pathophysiological responses of many different tissues, inducing concentration-dependent effect. Indeed, while low NO levels generally have protective effects, higher NO concentrations induce cytotoxic/cytostatic actions. In recent years, evidences have been accumulated unveiling S-nitrosylation as a major NO-dependent post-translational mechanism ruling gene expression. S-nitrosylation is a reversible, highly regulated phenomenon in which NO reacts with one or few specific cysteine residues of target proteins generating S-nitrosothiols. By inducing this chemical modification, NO might exert epigenetic regulation through direct effects on both DNA and histones as well as through indirect actions affecting the functions of transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. In this light, S-nitrosylation may also impact on cancer cell gene expression programs. Indeed, it affects different cell pathways and functions ranging from the impairment of DNA damage repair to the modulation of the activity of signal transduction molecules, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and chromatin remodelers. Nitrosylation is therefore a versatile tool by which NO might control gene expression programs in health and disease.
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Sebag SC, Zhang Z, Qian Q, Li M, Zhu Z, Harata M, Li W, Zingman LV, Liu L, Lira VA, Potthoff MJ, Bartelt A, Yang L. ADH5-mediated NO bioactivity maintains metabolic homeostasis in brown adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110003. [PMID: 34788615 PMCID: PMC8640996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity is tightly regulated by cellular redox status, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Protein S-nitrosylation, the nitric-oxide-mediated cysteine thiol protein modification, plays important roles in cellular redox regulation. Here we show that diet-induced obesity (DIO) and acute cold exposure elevate BAT protein S-nitrosylation, including UCP1. This thermogenic-induced nitric oxide bioactivity is regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR; alcohol dehydrogenase 5 [ADH5]), a denitrosylase that balances the intracellular nitroso-redox status. Loss of ADH5 in BAT impairs cold-induced UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and worsens obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Adh5 expression is induced by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and administration of an HSF1 activator to BAT of DIO mice increases Adh5 expression and significantly improves UCP1-mediated respiration. Together, these data indicate that ADH5 controls BAT nitroso-redox homeostasis to regulate adipose thermogenesis, which may be therapeutically targeted to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Sebag
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Qingwen Qian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mikako Harata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wenxian Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leonid V. Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J. Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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Yoon S, Eom GH, Kang G. Nitrosative Stress and Human Disease: Therapeutic Potential of Denitrosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189794. [PMID: 34575960 PMCID: PMC8464666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins dynamically contribute towards maintaining cellular homeostasis. Posttranslational modification regulates the function of target proteins through their immediate activation, sudden inhibition, or permanent degradation. Among numerous protein modifications, protein nitrosation and its functional relevance have emerged. Nitrosation generally initiates nitric oxide (NO) production in association with NO synthase. NO is conjugated to free thiol in the cysteine side chain (S-nitrosylation) and is propagated via the transnitrosylation mechanism. S-nitrosylation is a signaling pathway frequently involved in physiologic regulation. NO forms peroxynitrite in excessive oxidation conditions and induces tyrosine nitration, which is quite stable and is considered irreversible. Two main reducing systems are attributed to denitrosylation: glutathione and thioredoxin (TRX). Glutathione captures NO from S-nitrosylated protein and forms S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). The intracellular reducing system catalyzes GSNO into GSH again. TRX can remove NO-like glutathione and break down the disulfide bridge. Although NO is usually beneficial in the basal context, cumulative stress from chronic inflammation or oxidative insult produces a large amount of NO, which induces atypical protein nitrosation. Herein, we (1) provide a brief introduction to the nitrosation and denitrosylation processes, (2) discuss nitrosation-associated human diseases, and (3) discuss a possible denitrosylation strategy and its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somy Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-H.E.); (G.K.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2837 (G.-H.E.); +82-62-220-5262 (G.K.)
| | - Gaeun Kang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.-H.E.); (G.K.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2837 (G.-H.E.); +82-62-220-5262 (G.K.)
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Thompson CM, Gentry R, Fitch S, Lu K, Clewell HJ. An updated mode of action and human relevance framework evaluation for Formaldehyde-Related nasal tumors. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 50:919-952. [PMID: 33599198 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1854679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a reactive aldehyde naturally present in all plant and animal tissues and a critical component of the one-carbon metabolism pathway. It is also a high production volume chemical used in the manufacture of numerous products. Formaldehyde is also one of the most well-studied chemicals with respect to environmental fate, biology, and toxicology-including carcinogenic potential, and mode of action (MOA). In 2006, a published MOA for formaldehyde-induced nasal tumors in rats concluded that nasal tumors were most likely driven by cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation, with possible contributions from direct genotoxicity. In the past 15 years, new research has better informed the MOA with the publication of in vivo genotoxicity assays, toxicogenomic analyses, and development of ultra-sensitive methods to measure endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde-induced DNA adducts. Herein, we review and update the MOA for nasal tumors, with particular emphasis on the numerous studies published since 2006. These new studies further underscore the involvement of cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation, and further inform the genotoxic potential of inhaled formaldehyde. The data lend additional support for the use of mechanistic data for the derivation of toxicity criteria and/or scientifically supported approaches for low-dose extrapolation for the risk assessment of formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Sharma V, Fernando V, Letson J, Walia Y, Zheng X, Fackelman D, Furuta S. S-Nitrosylation in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094600. [PMID: 33925645 PMCID: PMC8124305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.
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12
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Exploiting S-nitrosylation for cancer therapy: facts and perspectives. Biochem J 2021; 477:3649-3672. [PMID: 33017470 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines by nitric oxide, has been implicated in several cellular processes and tissue homeostasis. As a result, alterations in the mechanisms controlling the levels of S-nitrosylated proteins have been found in pathological states. In the last few years, a role in cancer has been proposed, supported by the evidence that various oncoproteins undergo gain- or loss-of-function modifications upon S-nitrosylation. Here, we aim at providing insight into the current knowledge about the role of S-nitrosylation in different aspects of cancer biology and report the main anticancer strategies based on: (i) reducing S-nitrosylation-mediated oncogenic effects, (ii) boosting S-nitrosylation to stimulate cell death, (iii) exploiting S-nitrosylation through synthetic lethality.
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13
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β-Cyclodextrin modified Pt(II) metallacycle-based supramolecular hyperbranched polymer assemblies for DOX delivery to liver cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30942-30948. [PMID: 33229542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007798117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread clinical application of chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs, their adverse side effects and inefficient performances remain ongoing issues. A drug delivery system (DDS) designed for a specific cancer may therefore overcome the drawbacks of single chemotherapeutic drugs and provide precise and synergistical cancer treatment by introducing exclusive stimulus responsiveness and combined chemotherapy properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a supramolecular drug delivery assembly 1 constructed by orthogonal self-assembly technique in aqueous media specifically for application in liver cancer therapy. Complex 1 incorporates the β-cyclodextrin host molecule-functionalized organoplatinum(II) metallacycle 2 with two specific stimulus-responsive motifs to the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), in addition to the three-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized ferrocene 3 with redox responsiveness. With this molecular design, the particularly low critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of assembly 1 allowed encapsulation of the commercial anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Controlled drug release was also achieved by morphological transfer via a sensitive response to the endogenous redox and NO stimuli, which are specifically related to the microenvironment of liver tumor cells. Upon combination of these properties with the anticancer ability from the platinum acceptor, in vitro studies demonstrated that DOX-loaded 1 is able to codeliver anticancer drugs and exhibit therapeutic effectiveness to liver tumor sites via a synergistic effect, thereby revealing a potential DDS platform for precise liver cancer therapeutics.
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14
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Amal H, Barak B, Bhat V, Gong G, Joughin BA, Wang X, Wishnok JS, Feng G, Tannenbaum SR. Shank3 mutation in a mouse model of autism leads to changes in the S-nitroso-proteome and affects key proteins involved in vesicle release and synaptic function. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1835-1848. [PMID: 29988084 PMCID: PMC6614015 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutation in the SHANK3 human gene leads to different neuropsychiatric diseases including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities and Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Shank3 disruption in mice leads to dysfunction of synaptic transmission, behavior, and development. Protein S-nitrosylation, the nitric oxide (NO•)-mediated posttranslational modification (PTM) of cysteine thiols (SNO), modulates the activity of proteins that regulate key signaling pathways. We tested the hypothesis that Shank3 mutation would generate downstream effects on PTM of critical proteins that lead to modification of synaptic functions. SNO-proteins in two ASD-related brain regions, cortex and striatum of young and adult InsG3680(+/+) mice (a human mutation-based Shank3 mouse model), were identified by an innovative mass spectrometric method, SNOTRAP. We found changes of the SNO-proteome in the mutant compared to WT in both ages. Pathway analysis showed enrichment of processes affected in ASD. SNO-Calcineurin in mutant led to a significant increase of phosphorylated Synapsin1 and CREB, which affect synaptic vesicle mobilization and gene transcription, respectively. A significant increase of 3-nitrotyrosine was found in the cortical regions of the adult mutant, signaling both oxidative and nitrosative stress. Neuronal NO• Synthase (nNOS) was examined for levels and localization in neurons and no significant difference was found in WT vs. mutant. S-nitrosoglutathione concentrations were higher in mutant mice compared to WT. This is the first study on NO•-related molecular changes and SNO-signaling in the brain of an ASD mouse model that allows the characterization and identification of key proteins, cellular pathways, and neurobiological mechanisms that might be affected in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Amal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Boaz Barak
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Guanyu Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A. Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John S. Wishnok
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven R. Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Zhao J, O'Neil M, Schonfeld M, Komatz A, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Hepatocellular Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Suppresses Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Formation by Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:790-808. [PMID: 32490317 PMCID: PMC7262284 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanisms by which alcohol promotes liver cancer are not well understood. Studies suggest that ethanol may enhance tumor progression by increasing hepatocyte proliferation and through alcohol-induced liver inflammation. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is the main enzyme responsible for cellular arginine methylation. Asymmetric dimethyl arginine, produced by PRMT1, is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases. PRMT1 is implicated in the development of several types of tumors and cardiovascular disease. Our previous work has shown that PRMT1 in the liver regulates hepatocyte proliferation and oxidative stress and protects from alcohol-induced liver injury. However, its role in HCC development remains controversial. In this study, we found that hepatocyte-specific PRMT1-knockout mice develop an increased number of tumors in an N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) alcohol model of liver tumorigenesis in mice. This effect was specific to the alcohol-related component because wild-type and knockout mice developed similar tumor numbers in the DEN model without the addition of alcohol. We found that in the presence of alcohol, the increase in tumor number was associated with increased proliferation in liver and tumor, increased WNT/β-catenin signaling, and increased inflammation. We hypothesized that increased inflammation was due to increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in knockout mice. By blocking excess nitric oxide production using an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, we reduced hepatocyte death and inflammation in the liver and prevented the increase in WNT/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, and tumor number in livers of knockout mice. Conclusion: PRMT1 is an important protection factor from alcohol-induced liver injury, inflammation, and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Maura O'Neil
- Department of Pathology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Amberly Komatz
- Liver Center University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS.,Liver Center University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
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16
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Mitophagy contributes to alpha-tocopheryl succinate toxicity in GSNOR-deficient hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113885. [PMID: 32112881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The downregulation of the denitrosylating enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR, EC:1.1.1.284), is a feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This condition causes mitochondrial rearrangements that sensitize these tumors to mitochondrial toxins, in particular to the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor alpha-tocopheryl succinate (αTOS). It has also been reported the GSNOR depletion impairs the selective degradation of mitochondria through mitophagy; however, if this contributes to GSNOR-deficient HCC cell sensitivity to αTOS and can be applied to anticancer therapies, is still not known. Here, we provide evidence that GSNOR-deficient HCC cells show defective mitophagy which contributes to αTOS toxicity. Mitophagy inhibition by Parkin (EC: 2.3.2.31) depletion enhances αTOS anticancer effects, thus suggesting that this drug could be effective in treating mitophagy-defective tumors.
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17
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Stomberski CT, Hess DT, Stamler JS. Protein S-Nitrosylation: Determinants of Specificity and Enzymatic Regulation of S-Nitrosothiol-Based Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1331-1351. [PMID: 29130312 PMCID: PMC6391618 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Protein S-nitrosylation, the oxidative modification of cysteine by nitric oxide (NO) to form protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), mediates redox-based signaling that conveys, in large part, the ubiquitous influence of NO on cellular function. S-nitrosylation regulates protein activity, stability, localization, and protein-protein interactions across myriad physiological processes, and aberrant S-nitrosylation is associated with diverse pathophysiologies. Recent Advances: It is recently recognized that S-nitrosylation endows S-nitroso-protein (SNO-proteins) with S-nitrosylase activity, that is, the potential to trans-S-nitrosylate additional proteins, thereby propagating SNO-based signals, analogous to kinase-mediated signaling cascades. In addition, it is increasingly appreciated that cellular S-nitrosylation is governed by dynamically coupled equilibria between SNO-proteins and low-molecular-weight SNOs, which are controlled by a growing set of enzymatic denitrosylases comprising two main classes (high and low molecular weight). S-nitrosylases and denitrosylases, which together control steady-state SNO levels, may be identified with distinct physiology and pathophysiology ranging from cardiovascular and respiratory disorders to neurodegeneration and cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES The target specificity of protein S-nitrosylation and the stability and reactivity of protein SNOs are determined substantially by enzymatic machinery comprising highly conserved transnitrosylases and denitrosylases. Understanding the differential functionality of SNO-regulatory enzymes is essential, and is amenable to genetic and pharmacological analyses, read out as perturbation of specific equilibria within the SNO circuitry. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The emerging picture of NO biology entails equilibria among potentially thousands of different SNOs, governed by denitrosylases and nitrosylases. Thus, to elucidate the operation and consequences of S-nitrosylation in cellular contexts, studies should consider the roles of SNO-proteins as both targets and transducers of S-nitrosylation, functioning according to enzymatically governed equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Stomberski
- 1 Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,2 Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas T Hess
- 1 Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,3 Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,3 Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,4 Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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18
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Safar R, Houlgatte R, Le Faou A, Ronzani C, Wu W, Ferrari L, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Rihn BH, Joubert O. Encapsulation of S-nitrosoglutathione: a transcriptomic validation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:423-429. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1546313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramia Safar
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- INSERM U1256, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Le Faou
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Carole Ronzani
- UMR 7199 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wen Wu
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
| | - Luc Ferrari
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean-Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Bertrand H. Rihn
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean-Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean-Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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19
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Rizza S, Filomeni G. Role, Targets and Regulation of (de)nitrosylation in Malignancy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:334. [PMID: 30234010 PMCID: PMC6131587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Research Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Research Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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20
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Increased GSNOR Expression during Aging Impairs Cognitive Function and Decreases S-Nitrosation of CaMKIIα. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9741-9758. [PMID: 28883020 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0681-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, an increasing number of people suffer from age-related cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we found that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), the key enzyme that metabolizes intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and regulates S-nitrosation, was significantly increased in the hippocampus of both aging humans and mice. Transgenic mice overexpressing GSNOR exclusively in neurons showed cognitive impairment in behavioral tests, including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and the Y-maze test. We also found that GSNOR transgenic mice have LTP defects and lower dendrite spine density, whereas GSNOR knock-out mice rescued the age-related cognitive impairment. Analysis of S-nitrosation showed significantly decreased hippocampal CaMKIIα S-nitrosation in naturally aged mice and GSNOR transgenic mice. Consistent with the change in CaMKIIα S-nitrosation, the accumulation of CaMKIIα in the hippocampal synaptosomal fraction, as well as its downstream signaling targets p(S831)-GLUR1, was also significantly decreased. All these effects could be rescued in the GSNOR knock-out mice. We further verified that the S-nitrosation of CaMKIIα was responsible for the CaMKIIα synaptosomal accumulation by mutating CaMKIIα S-nitrosated sites (C280/C289). Upregulation of the NO signaling pathway rescued the cognitive impairment in GSNOR transgenic mice. In summary, our research demonstrates that GSNOR impairs cognitive function in aging and it could serve as a new potential target for the treatment of age-related cognitive impairment. In contrast to the free radical theory of aging, NO signaling deficiency may be the main mediator of age-related cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study indicated that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a key protein S-nitrosation metabolic enzyme, is a new potential target in age-related cognitive impairment; and in contrast to the free radical theory of aging, NO signaling deficiency may be the main cause of this process. In addition, increased GSNOR expression during aging decreases S-nitrosation of CaMKIIα and reduces CaMKIIα synaptosomal accumulation. To our knowledge, it is for the first time to show the cellular function regulation of CaMKIIα by GSNOR-dependent S-nitrosation as a new post-translational modification after its phosphorylation was explored. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism of age-related cognitive impairment and may provide a new potential target and strategy for slowing down this process.
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21
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Rizza S, Filomeni G. Chronicles of a reductase: Biochemistry, genetics and physio-pathological role of GSNOR. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:19-30. [PMID: 28533171 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a major redox posttranslational modification involved in cell signaling. The steady state concentration of S-nitrosylated proteins depends on the balance between the relative ability to generate nitric oxide (NO) via NO synthase and to reduce nitrosothiols by denitrosylases. Numerous works have been published in last decades regarding the role of NO and S-nitrosylation in the regulation of protein structure and function, and in driving cellular activities in vertebrates. Notwithstanding an increasing number of observations indicates that impairment of denitrosylation equally affects cellular homeostasis, there is still no report providing comprehensive knowledge on the impact that denitrosylation has on maintaining correct physiological processes and organ activities. Among denitrosylases, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) represents the prototype enzyme to disclose how denitrosylation plays a crucial role in tuning NO-bioactivity and how much it deeply impacts on cell homeostasis and human patho-physiology. In this review we attempt to illustrate the history of GSNOR discovery and provide the evidence so far reported in support of GSNOR implications in development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Research Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Research Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Barnett SD, Buxton ILO. The role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in human disease and therapy. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:340-354. [PMID: 28393572 PMCID: PMC5597050 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1304353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), or ADH5, is an enzyme in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family. It is unique when compared to other ADH enzymes in that primary short-chain alcohols are not its principle substrate. GSNOR metabolizes S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-hydroxymethylglutathione (the spontaneous adduct of formaldehyde and glutathione), and some alcohols. GSNOR modulates reactive nitric oxide (•NO) availability in the cell by catalyzing the breakdown of GSNO, and indirectly regulates S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) through GSNO-mediated protein S-nitrosation. The dysregulation of GSNOR can significantly alter cellular homeostasis, leading to disease. GSNOR plays an important regulatory role in smooth muscle relaxation, immune function, inflammation, neuronal development and cancer progression, among many other processes. In recent years, the therapeutic inhibition of GSNOR has been investigated to treat asthma, cystic fibrosis and interstitial lung disease (ILD). The direct action of •NO on cellular pathways, as well as the important regulatory role of protein S-nitrosation, is closely tied to GSNOR regulation and defines this enzyme as an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Barnett
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , Reno , NV , USA
| | - Iain L O Buxton
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , Reno , NV , USA
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23
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Moreira AJ, Rodrigues GR, Bona S, Fratta LXS, Weber GR, Picada JN, Dos Santos JL, Cerski CT, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Ductular reaction, cytokeratin 7 positivity, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:911-920. [PMID: 27525410 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is characterized by multistage formation. The presence of ductular reaction, cytokeratin 7 positivity (PCK7), and increased levels of gamma glutamyltransferase (γGT) has been observed during liver carcinogenesis and contribute to tumor progression. Our goal was to evaluate the ductular reaction in multistage carcinogenesis and to correlate PCK7 and γGT levels with tumor incidence, histological characteristics, liver DNA damage index, and the expression of oxidative stress proteins. HCC was induced in 24 male Wistar rats weighing 145-150 g by chronic and intermittent exposure to 50 or 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Six control animals received only vehicle. Blood was collected to determine hepatic enzyme levels. Animals were divided into three groups: control (CO), precancerous lesions (PL), and advanced HCC. Liver samples were obtained for immunohistochemical analyses and the measurement of protein expression. Statistical analyses included Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation analyses. We observed an extensive ductular reaction in advanced HCC and a strong correlation between PCK7 and levels of γGT and the poor prognosis and aggressiveness of HCC. The extent of PCK7 and high γGT levels were associated with overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF-1). However, PCK7 and γGT levels were negatively correlated with protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and inducible heat shock protein 70 (iHSP70). These findings suggest that ductular reaction is involved in the progression of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Janz Moreira
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy of Porto Alegre Institute, IPA, Rua Joaquim Pedro Salgado, 80, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Graziella Ramos Rodrigues
- Gene Therapy Center, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia Bona
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leila Xavier Sinigaglia Fratta
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Regina Weber
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Dos Santos
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Thadeu Cerski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio Augusto Marroni
- Program in Liver Diseases, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Canoas, Brazil.
- , Rua José Kanan Aranha 102, 91760-470, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Guerra D, Ballard K, Truebridge I, Vierling E. S-Nitrosation of Conserved Cysteines Modulates Activity and Stability of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR). Biochemistry 2016; 55:2452-64. [PMID: 27064847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO(•)) regulates diverse physiological processes from vasodilation in humans to gas exchange in plants. S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is considered a principal nitroso reservoir due to its chemical stability. GSNO accumulation is attenuated by GSNO reductase (GSNOR), a cysteine-rich cytosolic enzyme. Regulation of protein nitrosation is not well understood since NO(•)-dependent events proceed without discernible changes in GSNOR expression. Because GSNORs contain evolutionarily conserved cysteines that could serve as nitrosation sites, we examined the effects of treating plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), mammalian (human), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) GSNORs with nitrosating agents in vitro. Enzyme activity was sensitive to nitroso donors, whereas the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) restored activity, suggesting that catalytic impairment was due to S-nitrosation. Protein nitrosation was confirmed by mass spectrometry, by which mono-, di-, and trinitrosation were observed, and these signals were sensitive to DTT. GSNOR mutants in specific non-zinc-coordinating cysteines were less sensitive to catalytic inhibition by nitroso donors and exhibited reduced nitrosation signals by mass spectrometry. Nitrosation also coincided with decreased tryptophan fluorescence, increased thermal aggregation propensity, and increased polydispersity-properties reflected by differential solvent accessibility of amino acids important for dimerization and the shape of the substrate and coenzyme binding pockets as assessed by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Collectively, these data suggest a mechanism for NO(•) signal transduction in which GSNOR nitrosation and inhibition transiently permit GSNO accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts , 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Keith Ballard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts , 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ian Truebridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts , 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts , 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Benzo[a]pyrene-induced nitric oxide production acts as a survival signal targeting mitochondrial membrane potential. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1597-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Iwakiri Y, Kim MY. Nitric oxide in liver diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:524-36. [PMID: 26027855 PMCID: PMC4532625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver. Despite its diverse and complicated roles, certain patterns of the effect of NO on the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases are observed. In general, NO derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is protective against disease development, while inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO contributes to pathological processes. This review addresses the roles of NO in the development of various liver diseases with a focus on recently published articles. We present here two recent advances in understanding NO-mediated signaling - nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) and S-guanylation - and conclude with suggestions for future directions in NO-related studies on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Hatzistergos KE, Paulino EC, Dulce RA, Takeuchi LM, Bellio MA, Kulandavelu S, Cao Y, Balkan W, Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Hare JM. S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Deficiency Enhances the Proliferative Expansion of Adult Heart Progenitors and Myocytes Post Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.001974. [PMID: 26178404 PMCID: PMC4608081 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Mammalian heart regenerative activity is lost before adulthood but increases after cardiac injury. Cardiac repair mechanisms, which involve both endogenous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and cardiomyocyte cell-cycle reentry, are inadequate to achieve full recovery after myocardial infarction (MI). Mice deficient in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR−⁄−), an enzyme regulating S-nitrosothiol turnover, have preserved cardiac function after MI. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GSNOR activity modulates cardiac cell proliferation in the post-MI adult heart. Methods and Results GSNOR−⁄− and C57Bl6/J (wild-type [WT]) mice were subjected to sham operation (n=3 GSNOR−⁄−; n=3 WT) or MI (n=41 GSNOR−⁄−; n=65 WT). Compared with WT,GSNOR−⁄− mice exhibited improved survival, cardiac performance, and architecture after MI, as demonstrated by higher ejection fraction (P<0.05), lower endocardial volumes (P<0.001), and diminished scar size (P<0.05). In addition, cardiomyocytes from post-MI GSNOR−⁄− hearts exhibited faster calcium decay and sarcomeric relaxation times (P<0.001). Immunophenotypic analysis illustrated that post-MI GSNOR−⁄− hearts demonstrated enhanced neovascularization (P<0.001), c-kit+ CSC abundance (P=0.013), and a ≈3-fold increase in proliferation of adult cardiomyocytes and c-kit+/CD45− CSCs (P<0.0001 and P=0.023, respectively) as measured by using 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Conclusions Loss of GSNOR confers enhanced post-MI cardiac regenerative activity, characterized by enhanced turnover of cardiomyocytes and CSCs. Endogenous denitrosylases exert an inhibitory effect over cardiac repair mechanisms and therefore represents a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Ellena C Paulino
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Raul A Dulce
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Lauro M Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Michael A Bellio
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.) Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (M.A.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Yenong Cao
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.) Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (W.B., J.M.H.)
| | - Rosemeire M Kanashiro-Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.) Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (M.A.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, FL (K.E.H., E.C.P., R.A.D., L.M.T., M.A.B., S.K., Y.C., W.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.) Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (W.B., J.M.H.) Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (M.A.B., R.M.K.T., J.M.H.)
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Goto M, Kitamura H, Alam MM, Ota N, Haseba T, Akimoto T, Shimizu A, Takano-Yamamoto T, Yamamoto M, Motohashi H. Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 contributes to the protection of liver from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Genes Cells 2015; 20:464-80. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Goto
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Md. Morshedul Alam
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Nao Ota
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takeshi Haseba
- Department of Legal Medicine; Nippon Medical School; 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0022 Japan
| | - Toshio Akimoto
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science; Nippon Medical School; 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0022 Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Department of Environmental Engineering for Symbiosis; Faculty of Engineering; Soka University; 1-236 Tangi-cho Hachioji Tokyo 192-8577 Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; 2-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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Liu XQ, Hu XJ, Xu HX, Zeng XY. Xiaochaihu Decoction attenuates the vicious circle between the oxidative stress and the ALP inactivation through LPS-catecholamines interactions in gut, liver and brain during CCI4+ethanol-induced mouse HCC. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:375. [PMID: 24373196 PMCID: PMC3884004 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD) prevents hepatocarcinogenesis in association with inhibition of oxidative stress. However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-catecholamines (CA) interactions in gut, liver and brain may play an important role in the status of oxidative stress. This study was to assess whether XCHD attenuates the vicious circle between oxidative stress and ALP inactivation through LPS-CA interactions. METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma group (HCC) were induced by CCI4 + ethanol; HCC with Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency (HCC + LDSD) were induced by squeezing tails (30 min/day), solitary breeding and intermittent fasting on the basis of HCC; XCHD was administered after 4 weeks of the HCC + LDSD. The degree of tissue injury were studied using a scoring system, and brain weights were measured. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA, CA metabolites), lipopolysaccharide-phosphate (LPS-P), ALP activity (ALP-A) and Concanavalin A (ConA)-binding rate of ALP (ALP-C) were determined by colorimetric method and lectin (ConA) affinity precipitation method. RESULTS More injuries and ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P, ALP-C were increased, ALP-A were decreased in the gut, liver and brain of HCC group, the most in HCC + LDSD group, after treatment with XCHD, all of which were improved. A positive association found between gut-liver-brain injury and ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P, ALP-C, between ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P and ALP-C in the gut, liver and brain, and a negative association found between gut-liver-brain injury and ALP-A, between ALP-A and ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P, ALP-C in the gut, liver and brain. CONCLUSIONS XCHD can attenuates the vicious circle between the oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, N-glycan deficiency and inactivation of ALP through LPS-CA interactions in gut, liver and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qiu Liu
- Piwei Research Institutes, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-jian Hu
- The Fourth People’s Hospital, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Xing Xu
- Piwei Research Institutes, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zeng
- Piwei Research Institutes, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
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Increased susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumonia and mortality in GSNOR-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 442:122-6. [PMID: 24239886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a key denitrosylase and critically important for protecting immune and other cells from nitrosative stress. Pharmacological inhibition of GSNOR is being actively pursued as a therapeutic approach to increase S-nitrosoglutathione levels for the treatment of asthma and cystic fibrosis. In the present study, we employed GSNOR-deficient (GSNOR(-/-)) mice to investigate whether inactivation of GSNOR may increase susceptibility to pulmonary infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common cause of nosocomial pneumonia. We found that compared to wild-type mice, bacterial colony forming units 48 h after intranasal infection with K. pneumoniae were increased over 4-folds in lung and spleen and strikingly, over a 1000-folds in blood of GSNOR(-/-) mice. Lung injury was comparable between infected wild-type and GSNOR(-/-) mice, but inflammation and injury was significantly elevated in spleen of GSNOR(-/-) mice. Whereas all wild-type mice survived 48 h after infection, 10 of 23 GSNOR(-/-) mice died. Thus, GSNOR appears to play a crucial role in controlling pulmonary and systemic infection by K. pneumoniae. Our results suggest that patients treated in clinical trials with inhibitors of GSNOR should be carefully monitored for signs of infection.
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Lu C, Kavalier A, Lukyanov E, Gross SS. S-sulfhydration/desulfhydration and S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation: a common paradigm for gasotransmitter signaling by H2S and NO. Methods 2013; 62:177-81. [PMID: 23811297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfhydryl groups on protein Cys residues undergo an array of oxidative reactions and modifications, giving rise to a virtual redox zip code with physiological and pathophysiological relevance for modulation of protein structure and functions. While over two decades of studies have established NO-dependent S-nitrosylation as ubiquitous and fundamental for the regulation of diverse protein activities, proteomic methods for studying H2S-dependent S-sulfhydration have only recently been described and now suggest that this is also an abundant modification with potential for global physiological importance. Notably, protein S-sulfhydration and S-nitrosylation bear striking similarities in terms of their chemical and biological determinants, as well as reversal of these modifications via group-transfer to glutathione, followed by the removal from glutathione by enzymes that have apparently evolved to selectively catalyze denitrosylation and desulfhydration. Here we review determinants of protein and low-molecular-weight thiol S-sulfhydration/desulfhydration, similarities with S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation, and methods that are being employed to investigate and quantify these gasotransmitter-mediated cell signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
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Xu S, Guerra D, Lee U, Vierling E. S-nitrosoglutathione reductases are low-copy number, cysteine-rich proteins in plants that control multiple developmental and defense responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:430. [PMID: 24204370 PMCID: PMC3817919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is believed to modulate effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through catabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). We combined bioinformatics of plant GSNOR genes, localization of GSNOR in Arabidopsis thaliana, and microarray analysis of a GSNOR null mutant to gain insights into the function and regulation of this critical enzyme in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. GSNOR-encoding genes are known to have high homology across diverse eukaryotic taxa, but contributions of specific conserved residues have not been assessed. With bioinformatics and structural modeling, we show that plant GSNORs likely localize to the cytosol, contain conserved, solvent-accessible cysteines, and tend to be encoded by a single gene. Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous for GSNOR loss-of-function alleles exhibited defects in stem and trichome branching, and complementation with Green fluorescent protein (GFP) -tagged GSNOR under control of the native promoter quantitatively rescued these phenotypes. GSNOR-GFP showed fluorescence throughout Arabidopsis seedlings, consistent with ubiquitous expression of the protein, but with especially high fluorescence in the root tip, apical meristem, and flowers. At the cellular level we observed cytosolic and nuclear fluorescence, with exclusion from the nucleolus. Microarray analysis identified 99 up- and 170 down-regulated genes (≥2-fold; p ≤ 0.01) in a GSNOR null mutant compared to wild type. Six members of the plant specific, ROXY glutaredoxins and three BHLH transcription factors involved in iron homeostasis were strongly upregulated, supporting a role for GSNOR in redox and iron metabolism. One third of downregulated genes are linked to pathogen resistance, providing further basis for the reported pathogen sensitivity of GSNOR null mutants. Together, these findings indicate GSNOR regulates multiple developmental and metabolic programs in plants and offer insight into putative routes of post-translational GSNOR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Damian Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth Vierling, Life Science Laboratories, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA e-mail:
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