1
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Wu B, Zhang B, Li B, Wu H, Jiang M. Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:274. [PMID: 39420203 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made significant strides in cancer treatment, particularly through immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which has shown notable clinical benefits across various tumor types. Despite the transformative impact of ICB treatment in cancer therapy, only a minority of patients exhibit a positive response to it. In patients with solid tumors, those who respond well to ICB treatment typically demonstrate an active immune profile referred to as the "hot" (immune-inflamed) phenotype. On the other hand, non-responsive patients may exhibit a distinct "cold" (immune-desert) phenotype, differing from the features of "hot" tumors. Additionally, there is a more nuanced "excluded" immune phenotype, positioned between the "cold" and "hot" categories, known as the immune "excluded" type. Effective differentiation between "cold" and "hot" tumors, and understanding tumor intrinsic factors, immune characteristics, TME, and external factors are critical for predicting tumor response and treatment results. It is widely accepted that ICB therapy exerts a more profound effect on "hot" tumors, with limited efficacy against "cold" or "altered" tumors, necessitating combinations with other therapeutic modalities to enhance immune cell infiltration into tumor tissue and convert "cold" or "altered" tumors into "hot" ones. Therefore, aligning with the traits of "cold" and "hot" tumors, this review systematically delineates the respective immune characteristics, influencing factors, and extensively discusses varied treatment approaches and drug targets based on "cold" and "hot" tumors to assess clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Youth League Committee, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Haoqi Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meixi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Cadiou G, Beauvais T, Marotte L, Lambot S, Deleine C, Vignes C, Gantier M, Hussong M, Rulli S, Jarry A, Simon S, Malissen B, Labarriere N. Differential impact of genetic deletion of TIGIT or PD-1 on melanoma-specific T-lymphocytes. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2376782. [PMID: 38983599 PMCID: PMC11232637 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2376782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) blockade and adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T-cells (ACT) are two major strategies to treat metastatic melanoma. Their combination can potentiate T-cell activation in the suppressive tumor microenvironment, but the autoimmune adverse effects associated with systemic injection of IC blockers persist with this strategy. ACT of tumor-reactive T-cells defective for IC expression would overcome this issue. For this purpose, PD-1 and TIGIT appear to be relevant candidates, because their co-expression on highly tumor-reactive lymphocytes limits their therapeutic efficacy within the tumor microenvironme,nt. Our study compares the consequences of PDCD1 or TIGIT genetic deletion on anti-tumor properties and T-cell fitness of melanoma-specific T lymphocytes. Transcriptomic analyses revealed down-regulation of cell cycle-related genes in PD-1KO T-cells, consistent with biological observations, whereas proliferative pathways were preserved in TIGITKO T-cells. Functional analyses showed that PD-1KO and TIGITKO T-cells displayed superior antitumor reactivity than their wild-type counterpart in vitro and in a preclinical melanoma model using immunodeficient mice. Interestingly, it appears that TIGITKO T-cells were more effective at inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vivo, and persist longer within tumors than PD-1KO T-cells, consistent with the absence of impact of TIGIT deletion on T-cell fitness. Taken together, these results suggest that TIGIT deletion, over PD-1 deletion, in melanoma-specific T-cells is a compelling option for future immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenann Cadiou
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Tiffany Beauvais
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Lucine Marotte
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvia Lambot
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Deleine
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Vignes
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Malika Gantier
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | - Melanie Hussong
- QIAGEN Sciences, Frederick, MD, USA
- NeoGenomics, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Anne Jarry
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Simon
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Labarriere
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
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3
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Xie L, Meng Z. Immunomodulatory effect of locoregional therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2023; 31:951-969. [PMID: 36694462 PMCID: PMC10124087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy appears to be a promising treatment option; however, only a subset of patients with cancer responds favorably to treatment. Locoregional therapy initiates a local antitumor immune response by disrupting immunosuppressive components, releasing immunostimulatory damage-associated molecular patterns, recruiting immune effectors, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Many studies have shown that locoregional therapy can produce specific antitumor immunity alone; nevertheless, the effect is relatively weak and transient. Furthermore, increasing research efforts have explored the potential synergy between locoregional therapy and immunotherapy to enhance the long-term systemic antitumor immune effect and improve survival. Therefore, further research is needed into the immunomodulatory effects of locoregional therapy and immunotherapy to augment antitumor effects. This review article summarizes the key components of the tumor microenvironment, discusses the immunomodulatory role of locoregional therapy in the tumor microenvironment, and emphasizes the therapeutic potential of locoregional therapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
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4
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Jia M, Liu C, Liu Y, Bao Z, Jiang Y, Sun X. Discovery and Validation of a SIT1-Related Prognostic Signature Associated with Immune Infiltration in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010013. [PMID: 36675674 PMCID: PMC9866779 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling threshold regulating transmembrane adaptor 1 (SIT1) encodes a disulfide-linked homodimeric lymphocyte-specific glycoprotein involved in immune cell activation. However, the relationship between SIT1 and the prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes remains elusive. Here, we first compared the differences in SIT1 expression levels between SKCM tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Next, we found that the immune cell infiltration levels and signature pattern of immune infiltration were positively associated with the SIT1 gene mRNA levels. TCGA_SKCM RNA-seq data unveiled that the SIT1 upregulated several immune-associated signaling pathways in GSEA analysis. The high expression of SIT1 was closely related to improved survival in patients with SKCM. A pathway enrichment analysis of SIT1-associated immunomodulators indicated the involvement of the NF-κB signaling pathways. Based on SIT1-associated immunomodulators, we built a 13-gene signature by LASSO Cox regression which served as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. By using the signature risk score, we achieved a good prediction result for the immunotherapy response and survival of SKCM patients. Our findings provided evidence for SIT1's implication in tumor immunity and survival of SKCM patients. The nominated immune signature is a promising predictive model for prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity in SKCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Department of Cancer Center, The Secondary Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, The Secondary Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yuean Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Zhengqiang Bao
- Department of Cancer Center, The Secondary Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yuhua Jiang
- Department of Cancer Center, The Secondary Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Xifeng Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (X.S.)
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5
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Flatmark K, Torgunrud A, Fleten KG, Davidson B, Juul HV, Mensali N, Lund-Andersen C, Inderberg EM. Peptide vaccine targeting mutated GNAS: a potential novel treatment for pseudomyxoma peritonei. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003109. [PMID: 34711663 PMCID: PMC8557294 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare, slow-growing abdominal cancer with no efficacious treatment options in non-resectable and recurrent cases. Otherwise, rare activating mutations in the GNAS oncogene are remarkably frequent in PMP and the mutated gene product, guanine nucleotide-binding protein α subunit (Gsα), is a potential tumor neoantigen, presenting an opportunity for targeting by a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Methods Tumor and blood samples were collected from 25 patients undergoing surgery for PMP (NCT02073500). GNAS mutation analysis was performed by next-generation targeted sequencing or digital droplet PCR. Responses to stimulation with Gsα mutated (point mutations R201H and R201C) 30 mer peptides were analyzed in peripheral blood T cells derived from patients with PMP and healthy donors. Fresh PMP tumor samples were analyzed by mass cytometry using a panel of 35 extracellular markers, and cellular subpopulations were clustered and visualized using the visual stochastic network embedding analysis tool. Results GNAS mutations were detected in 22/25 tumor samples (88%; R201H and R201C mutations detected in 16 and 6 cases, respectively). Strong T cell proliferation against Gsα mutated peptides was observed in 18/24 patients with PMP. Mass cytometry analysis of tumor revealed infiltration of CD3 +T cells in most samples, with variable CD4+:CD8 + ratios. A large proportion of T cells expressed immune checkpoint molecules, in particular programmed death receptor-1 and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM, indicating that these T cells were antigen experienced. Conclusion These findings point to the existence of a pre-existing immunity in patients with PMP towards mutated Gsα, which has been insufficient to control tumor growth, possibly because of inhibition of antitumor T cells by upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules. The results form a rationale for exploring peptide vaccination with Gsα peptides in combination with immune checkpoint inhibiton as a possible curative treatment for PMP and other GNAS mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette Torgunrud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne G Fleten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig V Juul
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Mensali
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christin Lund-Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Marotte L, Simon S, Vignard V, Dupre E, Gantier M, Cruard J, Alberge JB, Hussong M, Deleine C, Heslan JM, Shaffer J, Beauvais T, Gaschet J, Scotet E, Fradin D, Jarry A, Nguyen T, Labarriere N. Increased antitumor efficacy of PD-1-deficient melanoma-specific human lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000311. [PMID: 32001504 PMCID: PMC7057432 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome editing offers unique perspectives for optimizing the functional properties of T cells for adoptive cell transfer purposes. So far, PDCD1 editing has been successfully tested mainly in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and human primary T cells. Nonetheless, for patients with solid tumors, the adoptive transfer of effector memory T cells specific for tumor antigens remains a relevant option, and the use of high avidity T cells deficient for programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression is susceptible to improve the therapeutic benefit of these treatments. Methods Here we used the transfection of CAS9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteic complexes to edit PDCD1 gene in human effector memory CD8+ T cells specific for the melanoma antigen Melan-A. We cloned edited T cell populations and validated PDCD1 editing through sequencing and cytometry in each T cell clone, together with T-cell receptor (TCR) chain’s sequencing. We also performed whole transcriptomic analyses on wild-type (WT) and edited T cell clones. Finally, we documented in vitro and in vivo through adoptive transfer in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice, the antitumor properties of WT and PD-1KO T cell clones, expressing the same TCR. Results Here we demonstrated the feasibility to edit PDCD1 gene in human effector memory melanoma-specific T lymphocytes. We showed that PD-1 expression was dramatically reduced or totally absent on PDCD1-edited T cell clones. Extensive characterization of a panel of T cell clones expressing the same TCR and exhibiting similar functional avidity demonstrated superior antitumor reactivity against a PD-L1 expressing melanoma cell line. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a downregulation of genes involved in proliferation and DNA replication in PD-1-deficient T cell clones, whereas genes involved in metabolism and cell signaling were upregulated. Finally, we documented the superior ability of PD-1-deficient T cells to significantly delay the growth of a PD-L1 expressing human melanoma tumor in an NSG mouse model. Conclusion The use of such lymphocytes for adoptive cell transfer purposes, associated with other approaches modulating the tumor microenvironment, would be a promising alternative to improve immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucine Marotte
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Simon
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Dupre
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Malika Gantier
- LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRTI, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jonathan Cruard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Melanie Hussong
- NGS Assay Research & Development, Qiagen Sciences, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Cecile Deleine
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRTI, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jonathan Shaffer
- NGS Assay Research & Development, Qiagen Sciences, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Tiffany Beauvais
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Joelle Gaschet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Delphine Fradin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Jarry
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRTI, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Labarriere
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France .,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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7
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Dréno B, Khammari A, Fortun A, Vignard V, Saiagh S, Beauvais T, Jouand N, Bercegay S, Simon S, Lang F, Labarrière N. Phase I/II clinical trial of adoptive cell transfer of sorted specific T cells for metastatic melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3015-3030. [PMID: 34120214 PMCID: PMC8423703 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-specific T lymphocytes represents a relevant therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic melanoma patients. Ideal T-cells should combine tumor specificity and reactivity with survival in vivo, while avoiding autoimmune side effects. Here we report results from a Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT02424916, performed between 2015 and 2018) in which 6 metastatic HLA-A2 melanoma patients received autologous antigen-specific T-cells produced from PBMC, after peptide stimulation in vitro, followed by sorting with HLA-peptide multimers and amplification. Each patient received a combination of Melan-A and MELOE-1 polyclonal specific T-cells, whose specificity and anti-tumor reactivity were checked prior to injection, with subcutaneous IL-2. Transferred T-cells were also characterized in terms of functional avidity, diversity and phenotype and their blood persistence was evaluated. An increase in specific T-cells was detected in the blood of all patients at day 1 and progressively disappeared from day 7 onwards. No serious adverse events occurred after this ACT. Clinically, five patients progressed and one patient experienced a partial response following therapy. Melan-A and MELOE-1 specific T-cells infused to this patient were diverse, of high avidity, with a high proportion of T lymphocytes co-expressing PD-1 and TIGIT but few other exhaustion markers. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of ACT with multimer-sorted Melan-A and MELOE-1 specific T cells to metastatic melanoma patients. The clinical efficacy of such therapeutic strategy could be further enhanced by the selection of highly reactive T-cells, based on PD-1 and TIGIT co-expression, and a combination with ICI, such as anti-PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Dréno
- Dermato-Cancerology Department, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,UTCG, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Dermato-Cancerology Department, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Fortun
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Tiffany Beauvais
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jouand
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,SFR Santé, CNRS, Inserm, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sylvain Simon
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - François Lang
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France. .,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.
| | - Nathalie Labarrière
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France. .,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France. .,SFR Santé, CNRS, Inserm, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
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8
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Gilfillan CB, Hebeisen M, Rufer N, Speiser DE. Constant regulation for stable CD8 T-cell functional avidity and its possible implications for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1348-1360. [PMID: 33704770 PMCID: PMC8252569 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The functional avidity (FA) of cytotoxic CD8 T cells impacts strongly on their functional capabilities and correlates with protection from infection and cancer. FA depends on TCR affinity, downstream signaling strength, and TCR affinity-independent parameters of the immune synapse, such as costimulatory and inhibitory receptors. The functional impact of coreceptors on FA remains to be fully elucidated. Despite its importance, FA is infrequently assessed and incompletely understood. There is currently no consensus as to whether FA can be enhanced by optimized vaccine dose or boosting schedule. Recent findings suggest that FA is remarkably stable in vivo, possibly due to continued signaling modulation of critical receptors in the immune synapse. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and hypothesize that in vivo, codominant T cells constantly "equalize" their FA for similar function. We present a new model of constant FA regulation, and discuss practical implications for T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie B. Gilfillan
- Department of OncologyUniversity Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Michael Hebeisen
- Department of OncologyUniversity Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of OncologyUniversity Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Department of OncologyUniversity Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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9
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Huang F, Gonçalves C, Bartish M, Rémy-Sarrazin J, Issa ME, Cordeiro B, Guo Q, Emond A, Attias M, Yang W, Plourde D, Su J, Gimeno MG, Zhan Y, Galán A, Rzymski T, Mazan M, Masiejczyk M, Faber J, Khoury E, Benoit A, Gagnon N, Dankort D, Journe F, Ghanem GE, Krawczyk CM, Saragovi HU, Piccirillo CA, Sonenberg N, Topisirovic I, Rudd CE, Miller WH, del Rincón SV. Inhibiting the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis impairs melanoma phenotype switching and potentiates antitumor immune responses. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140752. [PMID: 33690225 PMCID: PMC8262472 DOI: 10.1172/jci140752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas commonly undergo a phenotype switch, from a proliferative to an invasive state. Such tumor cell plasticity contributes to immunotherapy resistance; however, the mechanisms are not completely understood and thus are therapeutically unexploited. Using melanoma mouse models, we demonstrated that blocking the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis inhibited melanoma phenotype switching and sensitized melanoma to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. We showed that phospho-eIF4E-deficient murine melanomas expressed high levels of melanocytic antigens, with similar results verified in patient melanomas. Mechanistically, we identified phospho-eIF4E-mediated translational control of NGFR, a critical effector of phenotype switching. Genetic ablation of phospho-eIF4E reprogrammed the immunosuppressive microenvironment, exemplified by lowered production of inflammatory factors, decreased PD-L1 expression on dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and increased CD8+ T cell infiltrates. Finally, dual blockade of the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis and the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint demonstrated efficacy in multiple melanoma models regardless of their genomic classification. An increase in the presence of intratumoral stem-like TCF1+PD-1+CD8+ T cells, a characteristic essential for durable antitumor immunity, was detected in mice given a MNK1/2 inhibitor and anti-PD-1 therapy. Using MNK1/2 inhibitors to repress phospho-eIF4E thus offers a strategy to inhibit melanoma plasticity and improve response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Margarita Bartish
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mark E. Issa
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Qianyu Guo
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Emond
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mikhael Attias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William Yang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dany Plourde
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marina Godoy Gimeno
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yao Zhan
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alba Galán
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Elie Khoury
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Benoit
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natascha Gagnon
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology and
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghanem E. Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - H. Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, and
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher E. Rudd
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia V. del Rincón
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Anna F, Bole-Richard E, LeMaoult J, Escande M, Lecomte M, Certoux JM, Souque P, Garnache F, Adotevi O, Langlade-Demoyen P, Loustau M, Caumartin J. First immunotherapeutic CAR-T cells against the immune checkpoint protein HLA-G. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001998. [PMID: 33737343 PMCID: PMC7978334 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CAR-T cells immunotherapy is a breakthrough in the treatment of hematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B-cell malignancies. However, CAR-T therapies face major hurdles such as the lack of tumor-specific antigen (TSA), and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment sometimes caused by the tumorous expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs) such as HLA-G. Indeed, HLA-G is remarkable because it is both a potent ICP and a TSA. HLA-G tumor expression causes immune escape by impairing innate and adaptive immune responses and by inducing a suppressive microenvironment. Yet, to date, no immunotherapy targets it. METHODS We have developed two anti-HLA-G third-generation CARs based on new anti-HLA-G monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Anti-HLA-G CAR-T cells were specific for immunosuppressive HLA-G isoforms. HLA-G-activated CAR-T cells polarized toward T helper 1, and became cytotoxic against HLA-G+ tumor cells. In vivo, anti-HLA-G CAR-T cells were able to control and eliminate HLA-G+ tumor cells. The interaction of tumor-HLA-G with interleukin (IL)T2-expressing T cells is known to result in effector T cell functional inhibition, but anti-HLA-G CAR-T cells were insensitive to this inhibition and still exerted their function even when expressing ILT2. Lastly, we show that anti-HLA-G CAR-T cells differentiated into long-term memory effector cells, and seemed not to lose function even after repeated stimulation by HLA-G-expressing tumor cells. CONCLUSION We report for the first time that HLA-G, which is both a TSA and an ICP, constitutes a valid target for CAR-T cell therapy to specifically target and eliminate both tumor cells and HLA-G+ suppressive cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- HLA-G Antigens/immunology
- HLA-G Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/therapy
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1/metabolism
- Memory T Cells/immunology
- Memory T Cells/metabolism
- Memory T Cells/transplantation
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- François Anna
- Preclinical Department, Invectys, Paris, France
- Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Elodie Bole-Richard
- INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur - Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besancon, Franche-Comté, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Joel LeMaoult
- Service de Recherche en Hémato-Immunologie (SRHI), CEA, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Marie Certoux
- INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur - Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besancon, Franche-Comté, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Francine Garnache
- INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur - Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besancon, Franche-Comté, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Adotevi
- INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur - Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besancon, Franche-Comté, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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11
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Gaissmaier L, Christopoulos P. Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Strategies. Respiration 2020; 99:1-27. [PMID: 33291116 DOI: 10.1159/000510385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents the most dynamic field of biomedical research currently, with thoracic immuno-oncology as a forerunner. PD-(L)1 inhibitors are already part of standard first-line treatment for both non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer, while unprecedented 5-year survival rates of 15-25% have been achieved in pretreated patients with metastatic disease. Evolving strategies are mainly aiming for improvement of T-cell function, increase of immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and supply of tumor-reactive lymphocytes. Several novel therapeutics have demonstrated preclinical efficacy and are increasingly used in rational combinations within clinical trials. Two overarching trends dominate: extension of immunotherapy to earlier disease stages, mainly as neoadjuvant treatment, and a shift of focus towards multivalent, individualized, mutatome-based antigen-specific modalities, mainly adoptive cell therapies and cancer vaccines. The former ensures ample availability of treated and untreated patient samples, the latter facilitates deeper mechanistic insights, and both in combination build an overwhelming force that is accelerating progress and driving the greatest revolution cancer medicine has seen so far. Today, immune modulation represents the most potent therapeutic modality in oncology, the most important topic in clinical and translational cancer research, and arguably our greatest, meanwhile justified hope for achieving cure of pulmonary neoplasms and other malignancies in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gaissmaier
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany,
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12
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Simon S, Voillet V, Vignard V, Wu Z, Dabrowski C, Jouand N, Beauvais T, Khammari A, Braudeau C, Josien R, Adotevi O, Laheurte C, Aubin F, Nardin C, Rulli S, Gottardo R, Ramchurren N, Cheever M, Fling SP, Church CD, Nghiem P, Dreno B, Riddell SR, Labarriere N. PD-1 and TIGIT coexpression identifies a circulating CD8 T cell subset predictive of response to anti-PD-1 therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e001631. [PMID: 33188038 PMCID: PMC7668369 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical benefit from programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) inhibitors relies on reinvigoration of endogenous antitumor immunity. Nonetheless, robust immunological markers, based on circulating immune cell subsets associated with therapeutic efficacy are yet to be validated. METHODS We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell from three independent cohorts of melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitor, at baseline and longitudinally after therapy. Using multiparameter flow cytometry and cell sorting, we isolated four subsets of CD8+ T cells, based on PD-1 and TIGIT expression profiles. We performed phenotypic characterization, T cell receptor sequencing, targeted transcriptomic analysis and antitumor reactivity assays to thoroughly characterize each of these subsets. RESULTS We documented that the frequency of circulating PD-1+TIGIT+ (DPOS) CD8+ T-cells after 1 month of anti-PD-1 therapy was associated with clinical response and overall survival. This DPOS T-cell population was enriched in highly activated T-cells, tumor-specific and emerging T-cell clonotypes and T lymphocytes overexpressing CXCR5, a key marker of the CD8 cytotoxic follicular T cell population. Additionally, transcriptomic profiling defined a specific gene signature for this population as well as the overexpression of specific pathways associated with the therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a convincing rationale for monitoring this PD-1+TIGIT+ circulating population as an early cellular-based marker of therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Simon
- Inserm UMR1232, CRCINA, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Valentin Voillet
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Inserm UMR1232, CRCINA, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- CHU of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Zhong Wu
- Qiagen Sciences, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Jouand
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- Platform Cytocell, SFR Santé Francois Bonamy, Nantes, France
| | - Tiffany Beauvais
- Inserm UMR1232, CRCINA, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- CHU of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Inserm UMR1232, CRCINA, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
- Dermatology Unit, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Braudeau
- CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Nantes, France
- CRTI, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Josien
- CRTI, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Adotevi
- INSERM UMR 1098, Besançon, France
- CHU de BESANCON, Besancon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Raphael Gottardo
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nirasha Ramchurren
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martin Cheever
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven P Fling
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Candice D Church
- Dermatology, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UW School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Dermatology, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UW School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Inserm UMR1232, CRCINA, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
- Dermatology Unit, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nathalie Labarriere
- Inserm UMR1232, CRCINA, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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13
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Roy S, Sethi TK, Taylor D, Kim YJ, Johnson DB. Breakthrough concepts in immune-oncology: Cancer vaccines at the bedside. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1455-1489. [PMID: 32557857 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5bt0420-585rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical approval of the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents for multiple cancer types has reinvigorated the long-standing work on cancer vaccines. In the pre-ICB era, clinical efforts focused on the Ag, the adjuvants, the formulation, and the mode of delivery. These translational efforts on therapeutic vaccines range from cell-based (e.g., dendritic cells vaccine Sipuleucel-T) to DNA/RNA-based platforms with various formulations (liposome), vectors (Listeria monocytogenes), or modes of delivery (intratumoral, gene gun, etc.). Despite promising preclinical results, cancer vaccine trials without ICB have historically shown little clinical activity. With the anticipation and expansion of combinatorial immunotherapeutic trials with ICB, the cancer vaccine field has entered the personalized medicine arena with recent advances in immunogenic neoantigen-based vaccines. In this article, we review the literature to organize the different cancer vaccines in the clinical space, and we will discuss their advantages, limits, and recent progress to overcome their challenges. Furthermore, we will also discuss recent preclinical advances and clinical strategies to combine vaccines with checkpoint blockade to improve therapeutic outcome and present a translational perspective on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tarsheen K Sethi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Young J Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Tarbe M, Miles JJ, Edwards ESJ, Miles KM, Sewell AK, Baker BM, Quideau S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hapten-Clicked Analogues of The Antigenic Peptide Melan-A/MART-1 26(27L)-35. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:799-807. [PMID: 32162475 PMCID: PMC7473458 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A click-chemistry-based approach was implemented to prepare peptidomimetics designed in silico and made from aromatic azides and a propargylated GIGI-mimicking platform derived from the altered Melan-A/MART-126(27L)-35 antigenic peptide ELAGIGILTV. The CuI -catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition was carried out on solid support to generate rapidly a first series of peptidomimetics, which were evaluated for their capacity to dock at the interface between the major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 and T-cell receptors (TCRs). Despite being a weak HLA-A2 ligand, one of these 11 first synthetic compounds bearing a p-nitrobenzyl-triazole side chain was recognized by the receptor proteins of Melan-A/MART-1-specific T-cells. After modification of the N and C termini of this agonist, which was intended to enhance HLA-A2 binding, one of the resulting seven additional compounds triggered significant T-cell responses. Thus, these results highlight the capacity of naturally circulating human TCRs that are specific for the native Melan-A/MART-126-35 peptide to cross-react with peptidomimetics bearing organic motifs structurally different from the native central amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tarbe
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - John J Miles
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Emily S J Edwards
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Kim M Miles
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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15
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Sun Y, Luo J, Chen Y, Cui J, Lei Y, Cui Y, Jiang N, Jiang W, Chen L, Chen Y, Kuang Y, Tang K, Ke Z. Combined evaluation of the expression status of CD155 and TIGIT plays an important role in the prognosis of LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma). Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106198. [PMID: 31954274 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between CD155 and its high-affinity ligand TIGIT is being increasingly investigated in various solid tumors. However, the prognostic significance of CD155 and TIGIT in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. In this study, immunohistochemistry was applied in 334 LUAD cases to evaluate the expression of CD155 and TIGIT. Western blotting was conducted in 5 paired primary LUAD and adjacent normal lung tissues. Our results reveal that CD155 and TIGIT are overexpressed in LUAD tissues and that aberrant overexpression is closely correlated with poor clinical outcomes (P < 0.01). The multivariate model also shows that CD155 expression is an independent risk factor for LUAD (RR, 1.34; P = 0.036). Moreover, patients expressing high CD155 and TIGIT simultaneously presented shorter overall survival (OS) (P < 0.01) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that CD155 and TIGIT can make up a prognosticating tool to predict clinical outcomes, thereby contributing to personalized medical care in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Jiping Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yangshan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Ji Cui
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yiyan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yongmei Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yukun Kuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Kejing Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.
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16
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Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:197-218. [PMID: 30610226 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1927] [Impact Index Per Article: 385.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are the most rapidly growing drug class and have a major impact in oncology and on human health. It is increasingly clear that the effectiveness of immunomodulatory strategies depends on the presence of a baseline immune response and on unleashing of pre-existing immunity. Therefore, a general consensus emerged on the central part played by effector T cells in the antitumour responses. Recent technological, analytical and mechanistic advances in immunology have enabled the identification of patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. In this Review, we focus on defining hot, altered and cold tumours, the complexity of the tumour microenvironment, the Immunoscore and immune contexture of tumours, and we describe approaches to treat such tumours with combination immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. In the upcoming era of combination immunotherapy, it is becoming critical to understand the mechanisms responsible for hot, altered or cold immune tumours in order to boost a weak antitumour immunity. The impact of combination therapy on the immune response to convert an immune cold into a hot tumour will be discussed.
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17
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Paulson KG, Lahman MC, Chapuis AG, Brownell I. Immunotherapy for skin cancer. Int Immunol 2019; 31:465-475. [PMID: 30753483 PMCID: PMC6626298 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all tumor types, skin cancers are profoundly sensitive to immunotherapy. Indeed, the recently reported response rates for anti-PD-1 (anti-programmed-death 1) therapy for cutaneous malignant melanomas (MM), Merkel cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and Kaposi sarcomas are all above 40%. This unique immunogenicity renders skin cancers as a paradigm for tumor-immune interactions and is driven by high mutational burdens, over-expressed tumor antigens and/or viral antigens. However, despite the clear demonstration of immunologic cure of skin cancer in some patients, most tumors develop either early (primary) or late (adaptive) resistance to immunotherapy. Resistance mechanisms are complex, and include contributions of tumor cell-intrinsic, T cell and microenvironment factors that have been recently further elucidated with the advent of single-cell technologies. This review will focus on the exciting progress with immunotherapy for skin cancers to date, and also our current understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Paulson
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda C Lahman
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Simon S, Wu Z, Cruard J, Vignard V, Fortun A, Khammari A, Dreno B, Lang F, Rulli SJ, Labarriere N. TCR Analyses of Two Vast and Shared Melanoma Antigen-Specific T Cell Repertoires: Common and Specific Features. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1962. [PMID: 30214446 PMCID: PMC6125394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among Immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment, the adoptive transfer of antigen specific T cells is still a relevant approach, that could have higher efficacy when further combined with immune check-point blockade. A high number of adoptive transfer trials have been performed in metastatic melanoma, due to its high immunogenic potential, either with polyclonal TIL or antigen-specific polyclonal populations. In this setting, the extensive characterization of T cell functions and receptor diversity of infused polyclonal T cells is required, notably for monitoring purposes. We developed a clinical grade procedure for the selection and amplification of polyclonal CD8 T cells, specific for two shared and widely expressed melanoma antigens: Melan-A and MELOE-1. This procedure is currently used in a clinical trial for HLA-A2 metastatic melanoma patients. In this study, we characterized the T-cell diversity (T-cell repertoire) of such T cell populations using a new RNAseq strategy. We first assessed the added-value of TCR receptor sequencing, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, by direct comparison with cytometry analysis of the T cell populations labeled with anti-Vß-specific antibodies. Results from these analyzes also confirmed specific features already reported for Melan-A and MELOE-1 specific T cell repertoires in terms of V-alpha recurrence usage, on a very high number of T cell clonotypes. Furthermore, these analyses also revealed undescribed features, such as the recurrence of a specific motif in the CDR3α region for MELOE-1 specific T cell repertoire. Finally, the analysis of a large number of T cell clonotypes originating from various patients revealed the existence of public CDR3α and ß clonotypes for Melan-A and MELOE-1 specific T cells. In conclusion, this method of high throughput TCR sequencing is a reliable and powerful approach to deeply characterize polyclonal T cell repertoires, and to reveal specific features of a given TCR repertoire, that would be useful for immune follow-up of cancer patients treated by immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Simon
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Zhong Wu
- Qiagen Sciences, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - J Cruard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Agnes Fortun
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France.,Department of Dermato-Cancerology of Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France.,Department of Dermato-Cancerology of Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Francois Lang
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | | | - Nathalie Labarriere
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
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