1
|
Warrick J. Molecular Subtypes of Bladder Cancer: Component Signatures and Potential Value in Clinical Decision-making. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:178-187. [PMID: 38231156 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer may be classified into "molecular subtypes" based on gene expression. These are associated with treatment response and patient outcomes. The gene expression signatures that define these subtypes are diverse, including signatures of epithelial differentiation, stromal involvement, cell cycle activity, and immune cell infiltration. Multiple different systems are described. While earlier studies considered molecular subtypes to be intrinsic properties of cancer, recent data have shown molecular subtypes change as tumors progress and evolve, and often differ between histologically distinct regions of a tumor. The data also indicate that some signatures that define molecular subtypes may be treated as independent continuous variables, rather than categorical subtypes, and these individual signatures may be more clinically informative. This review describes molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma, including histologic subtypes and tumors with divergent differentiation, and explores potential future uses in patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Warrick
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cox A, Klümper N, Stein J, Sikic D, Breyer J, Bolenz C, Roghmann F, Erben P, Wirtz RM, Wullich B, Ritter M, Hölzel M, Schwamborn K, Horn T, Gschwend J, Hartmann A, Weichert W, Erlmeier F, Eckstein M. Molecular Urothelial Tumor Cell Subtypes Remain Stable During Metastatic Evolution. Eur Urol 2024; 85:328-332. [PMID: 37031005 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial cancer (UC) care is moving toward precision oncology. For tumor biology-driven treatment of metastatic UC (mUC), molecular subtypes play a crucial role. However, it is not known whether subtypes change during metastatic evolution. To address this, we analyzed a UC progression cohort (N = 154 patients) with 138 matched primary tumors (PRIM) and synchronous or metachronous distant metastasis (MET) by immunohistochemistry, and mRNA sequencing in a subgroup of 20 matched pairs. Protein-based tumor cell subtypes and histomorphology remained stable during metastatic progression (concordance: 94%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88-97%). In comparison, transcriptome-based molecular consensus subtypes exhibited higher heterogeneity between PRIM and MET (concordance: 45%, 95% CI 23-69%), with switches particularly occurring between luminal and stroma-rich tumors. Of note, all tumors classified as stroma rich showed luminal tumor cell differentiation. By an in-depth analysis, we found a negative correlation of luminal gene and protein expression with increasing desmoplastic stroma content, suggesting that luminal tumor cell differentiation of "stroma-rich tumors" is superimposed by gene expression signals stemming from the stromal compartment. Immunohistochemistry allows tumor cell subtyping into luminal, basal, or neuroendocrine classes that remain stable during metastatic progression. These findings expand our biological understanding of UC MET and have implications for future subtype-stratified clinical trials in patients with mUC. PATIENT SUMMARY: Urothelial carcinomas (UCs) occur in different appearances, the so-called molecular subtypes. These molecular subtypes will gain importance for the therapy of metastatic UCs in the future. We could demonstrate that the subtype remains stable during metastasis, which is highly relevant for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cox
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Stein
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Danijel Sikic
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology, St.-Caritas Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bolenz
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Roghmann
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology, Marien Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Horn
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gschwend
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Erlmeier
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang D, Zhang H, Yin B, He M, Lu X, He C. The Prognostic Hub Gene POLE2 Promotes BLCA Cell Growth via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1984-1998. [PMID: 38963027 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073273633231113060429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BLCA is a common urothelial malignancy characterized by a high recurrence rate. Despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development remain unclear. AIMS This study aimed to explore new prognostic biomarkers and investigate the underlying mechanism of bladder cancer (BLCA). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify key prognostic biomarkers for BLCA and to elucidate their roles in the disease. METHODS We first collected the overlapping DEGs from GSE42089 and TCGA-BLCA samples for the subsequent weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to find a key module. Then, key module genes were analyzed by the MCODE algorithm, prognostic risk model, expression and immunohistochemical staining to identify the prognostic hub gene. Finally, the hub gene was subjected to clinical feature analysis, as well as cellular function assays. RESULTS In WGCNA on 1037 overlapping genes, the blue module was the key module. After a series of bioinformatics analyses, POLE2 was identified as a prognostic hub gene in BLCA from potential genes (TROAP, POLE2, ANLN, and E2F8). POLE2 level was increased in BLCA and related to different clinical features of BLCA patients. Cellular assays showed that si-POLE2 inhibited BLCA proliferation, and si-POLE2+ 740Y-P in BLCA cells up-regulated the PI3K and AKT protein levels. CONCLUSION In conclusion, POLE2 was identified to be a promising prognostic biomarker as an oncogene in BLCA. It was also found that POLE2 exerts a promoting function by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in BLCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Bingde Yin
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Minke He
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Xuwei Lu
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Chang He
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramal M, Corral S, Kalisz M, Lapi E, Real FX. The urothelial gene regulatory network: understanding biology to improve bladder cancer management. Oncogene 2024; 43:1-21. [PMID: 37996699 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The urothelium is a stratified epithelium composed of basal cells, one or more layers of intermediate cells, and an upper layer of differentiated umbrella cells. Most bladder cancers (BLCA) are urothelial carcinomas. Loss of urothelial lineage fidelity results in altered differentiation, highlighted by the taxonomic classification into basal and luminal tumors. There is a need to better understand the urothelial transcriptional networks. To systematically identify transcription factors (TFs) relevant for urothelial identity, we defined highly expressed TFs in normal human bladder using RNA-Seq data and inferred their genomic binding using ATAC-Seq data. To focus on epithelial TFs, we analyzed RNA-Seq data from patient-derived organoids recapitulating features of basal/luminal tumors. We classified TFs as "luminal-enriched", "basal-enriched" or "common" according to expression in organoids. We validated our classification by differential gene expression analysis in Luminal Papillary vs. Basal/Squamous tumors. Genomic analyses revealed well-known TFs associated with luminal (e.g., PPARG, GATA3, FOXA1) and basal (e.g., TP63, TFAP2) phenotypes and novel candidates to play a role in urothelial differentiation or BLCA (e.g., MECOM, TBX3). We also identified TF families (e.g., KLFs, AP1, circadian clock, sex hormone receptors) for which there is suggestive evidence of their involvement in urothelial differentiation and/or BLCA. Genomic alterations in these TFs are associated with BLCA. We uncover a TF network involved in urothelial cell identity and BLCA. We identify novel candidate TFs involved in differentiation and cancer that provide opportunities for a better understanding of the underlying biology and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ramal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Corral
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Kalisz
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Lapi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Radvanyi F, Real FX, McConkey D. What is a Bladder Cancer Molecular Subtype? - Counterpoint. Bladder Cancer 2023; 9:299-304. [PMID: 38994248 PMCID: PMC11165934 DOI: 10.3233/blc-230059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
In an accompanying paper, Mattias Höglund discusses on what is a bladder cancer molecular subtype. He emphasizes the need to consider the aim of tumor classification, which is obviously critical to the approach. He also focuses on considering primarily the identity features of the neoplastic cells. Here, we provide a counterpoint. While largely agreeing with his views, we underline that other parameters that may vary in a spatial or temporal scale, and the tumor microenvironment, can also provide relevant information to render tumor classifications clinically useful. Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity and evolution during the disease course - natural or under therapeutic pressure - should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Radvanyi
- Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CNRS, UMR144, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Francisco X. Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David McConkey
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klümper N, Wüst L, Saal J, Ralser DJ, Zarbl R, Jarczyk J, Breyer J, Sikic D, Wullich B, Bolenz C, Roghmann F, Hölzel M, Ritter M, Strieth S, Hartmann A, Erben P, Wirtz RM, Landsberg J, Dietrich D, Eckstein M. PD-L1 ( CD274) promoter hypomethylation predicts immunotherapy response in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2267744. [PMID: 37868689 PMCID: PMC10588513 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2267744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 status assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has failed to reliably predict outcomes for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). PD-L1 promoter methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that has been shown to regulate PD-L1 mRNA expression in various malignancies. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the predictive potential of PD-L1 promoter methylation status (mPD-L1) in ICB-treated mUC compared to conventional IHC-based PD-L1 assessment. We quantified mPD-L1 in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using an established quantitative methylation-specific PCR assay (qMSP) in a well-characterized multicenter ICB-treated cohort comprising N = 107 patients with mUC. Additionally, PD-L1 protein expression in tumor tissues was assessed using regulatory approved IHC protocols. The effect of pharmacological hypomethylation by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine in combination with interferon-γ stimulation in urothelial carcinoma cell lines was investigated by IHC and FACS. mPD-L1 hypomethylation predicted objective response rate at the first staging on ICB. Patients with tumors categorized as PD-L1 hypomethylated (lower quartile) showed significantly prolonged progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after ICB initiation. In contrast, PD-L1 protein expression status neither correlated with response nor survival. In multivariable Cox regression analyses, PD-L1 promoter hypermethylation remained an independent predictor of unfavorable PFS and OS. In urothelial carcinoma cell lines, pharmacological demethylation led to an upregulation of membranous PD-L1 expression and an enhanced inducibility of PD-L1 expression by interferon γ. Hypomethylation of the PD-L1 promoter is a promising predictive biomarker for response to ICB in patients with mUC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Klümper
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
| | - Lennert Wüst
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Saal
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immune-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Damian J. Ralser
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Romina Zarbl
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Jarczyk
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung, BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danijel Sikic
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung, BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung, BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung, BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralph M. Wirtz
- Center for Integrated Oncology, STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung, BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, Zhou F, Yang X, Ma P, Ma X. A prognostic signature based on seven T-cell-related cell clustering genes in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230773. [PMID: 37745978 PMCID: PMC10512444 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common cancer-related deaths in the world, along with high mortality. Due to the difficult detection of early symptoms, the treatment for this disease is still dissatisfactory. Thus, the current research hotspot is beginning to focus on the immune microenvironment in this disease, aiming to provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the single-cell RNA sequencing data downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database was used to classify the immune cells of BLCA. And the final seven T-cell-related cell clustering genes associated with BLCA prognosis (HSPA2, A2M, JUN, PDGFRB, GBP2, LGALS1, and GAS6) were screened out, and then used for constructing the prognostic model against BLCA based on the Cox and LASSO regression analysis. Satisfactorily, the model could efficiently evaluate the overall survival of BLCA and had the potential to be applied for the clinic treatment. Moreover, we also revealed that the difference in immune infiltration levels and gene mutation might account for the diverse prognosis in BLCA patients. In a word, our findings provided a novel insight for designing efficient immunotherapies for BLCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University/Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fenghai Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University/Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Klümper N, Cox A, Eckstein M. Reply to Mattias Höglund's Letter to the Editor re: Alexander Cox, Niklas Klümper, Johannes Stein, et al. Molecular Urothelial Tumor Cell Subtypes Remain Stable During Metastatic Evolution. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.020. Eur Urol 2023; 84:e51-e52. [PMID: 37244816 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Klümper
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf, Bonn, Germany; BRIDGE Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Alexander Cox
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- BRIDGE Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Center for Cancer Research, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fontugne J, Wong J, Cabel L, Neyret-Kahn H, Karboul N, Maillé P, Rapinat A, Gentien D, Nicolas A, Baulande S, Sibony M, Bernard-Pierrot I, Radvanyi F, Allory Y. Progression-associated molecular changes in basal/squamous and sarcomatoid bladder carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2023; 259:455-467. [PMID: 36695554 DOI: 10.1002/path.6060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aggressive basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) bladder cancer (BLCA) subtype is often diagnosed at the muscle-invasive stage and can progress to the sarcomatoid variant. Identification of molecular changes occurring during progression from non-muscle-invasive BLCA (NMIBC) to Ba/Sq muscle-invasive BLCA (MIBC) is thus challenging in human disease. We used the N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) mouse model of Ba/Sq MIBC to study longitudinally the molecular changes leading to the Ba/Sq phenotype and to the sarcomatoid variant using IHC and microdissection followed by RNA-seq at all stages of progression. A shift to the Ba/Sq phenotype started in early progression stages. Pathway analysis of gene clusters with coordinated expression changes revealed Shh signaling loss and a shift from fatty acid metabolism to glycolysis. An upregulated cluster, appearing early in carcinogenesis, showed relevance to human disease, identifying NMIBC patients at risk of progression. Similar to the human counterpart, sarcomatoid BBN tumors displayed a Ba/Sq phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features. An EGFR/FGFR1 signaling switch occurred with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation and correlated with EMT. BLCA cell lines with high EMT were the most sensitive to FGFR1 knockout and resistant to EGFR knockout. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the underlying biology of Ba/Sq BLCA progression and sarcomatoid dedifferentiation with potential clinical implications. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Fontugne
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jennifer Wong
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Luc Cabel
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Neyret-Kahn
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Narjesse Karboul
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Maillé
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Audrey Rapinat
- Genomics Core Facility, Translational Research Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - David Gentien
- Genomics Core Facility, Translational Research Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yves Allory
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taylor AS, Acosta AM, Al-Ahmadie HA, Mehra R. Precursors of urinary bladder cancer: molecular alterations and biomarkers. Hum Pathol 2023; 133:5-21. [PMID: 35716731 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical surveillance and follow-up of patients diagnosed with or at risk for urinary bladder cancers represent long-term, invasive, and costly processes for which supplemental biomarker information could help provide objective, personalized risk assessment. In particular, there are several precursors and possible precursors to urinary bladder cancer for which clinical behavior is heterogenous and interobserver variability in histopathologic diagnosis make it difficult to standardize management. This review seeks to highlight these precursor lesions from a diagnostic perspective (including flat urothelial lesions, papillary urothelial lesions, squamous lesions, and glandular lesions) and qualify known multiomic biomarkers that may help explain their behavior, predict patient risk, and acknowledge the nuance inherent to the question of whether these lesions are "benign" or "preneoplastic."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andres M Acosta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hikmat A Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Erlmeier F, Klümper N, Landgraf L, Strissel PL, Strick R, Sikic D, Taubert H, Wach S, Geppert CI, Bahlinger V, Breyer J, Ritter M, Bolenz C, Roghmann F, Erben P, Schwamborn K, Wirtz RM, Horn T, Wullich B, Hölzel M, Hartmann A, Gschwend JE, Weichert W, Eckstein M. Spatial Immunephenotypes of Distant Metastases but not Matched Primary Urothelial Carcinomas Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Eur Urol 2023; 83:133-142. [PMID: 36372626 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) to predict durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is inconsistent. We hypothesize that the use of archived primary tumor material (PRIM) for PD-L1 testing in clinical trials not properly reflecting the metastatic disease status (MET) contributes to this clinical issue. OBJECTIVE To analyze the predictive and prognostic value of PD-L1, spatial immunephenotypes, and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) determined in patient-matched PRIM/MET. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS PD-L1, spatial immunephenotypes, and MHC-I were examined in 154 mUC patients with at least one available pretreatment MET (138 patient-matched PRIM/MET pairs). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PD-L1, spatial immunephenotype, and MHC-I status of (patient-matched PRIM and) pretreatment MET were correlated with chemotherapy and ICI response and outcomes. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Discordance rates in patient-matched PRIM/MET were 25/30%, 36%, and 49% for PD-L1 (CPS10/IC5%), immunephenotypes, and MHC-I (loss vs preserved), respectively. Correlations with chemotherapy and ICI responses were observed for immunephenotypes and MHC-I status determined in MET (not for PD-L1 alone), but not in PRIM. In case of ICIs, patients with cytotoxic tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) showed durable responses with disease control rates of 90% and a hazard ratio for disease progression/death of 0.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.65) versus patients with immunedepleted MET (disease control rate 29%). MET MHC-I status added an incremental value to predict durable ICI responses. Limitations include the partly retrospective design and the lack of MET multisampling on individual patient level. CONCLUSIONS The TIME is subject to substantial dynamics during metastatic evolution. MET immunephenotypes and MHC-I statuses show promising potential to predict chemotherapy and durable ICI responses, while the PRIM TIME does not. Thus, future clinical trials should rather rely on pretreatment MET biopsies reflecting the current immunological disease state than on PRIM. PATIENT SUMMARY Prediction of chemotherapy and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors might be possible using representative pretreatment metastatic biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Erlmeier
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
| | - Laura Landgraf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Pamela L Strissel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner Strick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danijel Sikic
- Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Veronika Bahlinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
| | - Christian Bolenz
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Roghmann
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology, Marien Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Horn
- Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany; Department of Urology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; BRIDGE-Consortium Germany e.V, Mannheim, Germany; Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung (BZKF), Bavaria, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mathieu R, Amanda W, Eric B, Gang W, Black PC. Detection and resection of carcinoma in situ of the bladder: Implications for clinical trial design. Urol Oncol 2022; 41:254.e9-254.e15. [PMID: 36566105 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The path to approval of novel therapeutics for patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) requires demonstration of efficacy in eradicating carcinoma in situ (CIS), as determined by cytology, white light cystoscopy and only sometimes mandatory re-biopsy. This paradigm is based on the premise that CIS, in contrast to papillary tumors, cannot be completely resected. We aimed to determine the accuracy of CIS by standard means and the rate at which CIS may be eradicated by transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT). METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for high risk NMIBC or muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) between 2005 and 2019 in a tertiary academic center. The concordance in the presence of CIS in matched TURBT and RC samples was calculated. RESULTS Complete pathologic information was available for 816 patients with urothelial carcinoma. CIS was detected at TURBT in 354 (43.4%) patients (64.0% NMIBC, 32.3% MIBC) and at RC in 436 (53.4%) patients (64.7% NMIBC, 47.4% MIBC). CIS was missed by TURBT in 199 (45.6%) of those cases (NMIBC 25.4%, MIBC 60.6%). CIS detected on TURBT was not found in the RC specimen in 33.1% (117/354) of cases. Lack of prospective bladder mapping and central pathology review are limitations. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TURBT is inaccurate in detecting CIS. The absence of CIS in the RC specimen after detection in the matched TURBT specimen suggests that CIS may be completely resected by TURBT in a proportion of patients. These factors need to be considered in the design of clinical trials in patients with NMIBC. The use of random biopsies or enhanced cystoscopy could improve the accuracy of CIS detection, but the former is associated with patient morbidity and randomization would alleviate concern about these variables impacting clinical trial outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roumiguié Mathieu
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Urology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Wong Amanda
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Belanger Eric
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wang Gang
- Department of Pathology, British Columbia Cancer Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A genome-wide association study with tissue transcriptomics identifies genetic drivers for classic bladder exstrophy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1203. [PMID: 36352089 PMCID: PMC9646906 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic bladder exstrophy represents the most severe end of all human congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and is associated with bladder cancer susceptibility. Previous genetic studies identified one locus to be involved in classic bladder exstrophy, but were limited to a restrict number of cohort. Here we show the largest classic bladder exstrophy genome-wide association analysis to date where we identify eight genome-wide significant loci, seven of which are novel. In these regions reside ten coding and four non-coding genes. Among the coding genes is EFNA1, strongly expressed in mouse embryonic genital tubercle, urethra, and primitive bladder. Re-sequence of EFNA1 in the investigated classic bladder exstrophy cohort of our study displays an enrichment of rare protein altering variants. We show that all coding genes are expressed and/or significantly regulated in both mouse and human embryonic developmental bladder stages. Furthermore, nine of the coding genes residing in the regions of genome-wide significance are differentially expressed in bladder cancers. Our data suggest genetic drivers for classic bladder exstrophy, as well as a possible role for these drivers to relevant bladder cancer susceptibility. A genome-wide association study on classic bladder exstrophy reveals eight genome-wide significant loci, most of which contained genes expressed in embryonic developmental bladder stages.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu B, Qian X, Qian P, Xu G, Jin X, Chen D, Xu L, Tang J, Wu W, Li W, Zhang J. Advances in the functions of CTRP6 in the development and progression of the malignancy. Front Genet 2022; 13:985077. [PMID: 36313428 PMCID: PMC9596804 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.985077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CTRP6, a member of the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family, has gained increasing scientific interest because of its regulatory role in tumor progression. Previous studies have shown that CTRP6 is closely involved in regulating various pathophysiological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. To date, CTRP6 has been identified as related to eight different malignancies, including lung cancer, oral cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, and ovarian cancer. CTRP6 is reported to be associated with tumor progression by activating a series of related signal networks. This review article mainly discusses the biochemistry and pleiotropic pathophysiological functions of CTRP6 as a new molecular mediator in carcinogenesis, hoping that the information summarized herein could make a modest contribution to the development of novel cancer treatments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanlu Li, ; Jin Zhang,
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanlu Li, ; Jin Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
KLK6 Functions as an Oncogene and Unfavorable Prognostic Factor in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3373851. [PMID: 36193495 PMCID: PMC9526581 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3373851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) has been substantiated as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic molecular in several cancer types. In our study, we attempt to explore the biological functions of KLK6 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Methods KLK6 gene expression prognostic, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In vitro and in vivo experimental measurements, including CCK8, transwell migration, TUNEL, and nude mouse transplanted tumor model, were used to evaluate the antineoplastic activities of KLK6 loss-of-function. Results The combination of bioinformatics analyses and experimental measurements demonstrate that KLK6 expression is aberrantly upregulated in human specimens and cell lines of BLCA. GO and GSEA enrichment analyses exhibited that KLK6 is implicated in the inflammatory response and immune infiltration, suggesting that upregulation of KLK6 may be associated with the progression of BLCA. Knockdown of KLK6 is able to inhibit the growth and migration and trigger apoptosis of RT4 and T24 cells. Moreover, the TCGA database indicates that KLK6 high expression in BLCA patients showed a poorer prognosis than those patients with KLK6 low expression. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses suggest KLK6 as an independent prognostic factor to predict unfavorable OS in patients with BLCA. Conclusion KLK6 is an independent prognostic factor and an antitumor target of BLCA. KLK6 expression positively correlates with several immune cells infiltration, indicating that inhibition of KLK6 may contribute to immunotherapy of BLCA.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bondaruk J, Jaksik R, Wang Z, Cogdell D, Lee S, Chen Y, Dinh KN, Majewski T, Zhang L, Cao S, Tian F, Yao H, Kuś P, Chen H, Weinstein JN, Navai N, Dinney C, Gao J, Theodorescu D, Logothetis C, Guo CC, Wang W, McConkey D, Wei P, Kimmel M, Czerniak B. The origin of bladder cancer from mucosal field effects. iScience 2022; 25:104551. [PMID: 35747385 PMCID: PMC9209726 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-organ mapping was used to study molecular changes in the evolution of bladder cancer from field effects. We identified more than 100 dysregulated pathways, involving immunity, differentiation, and transformation, as initiators of carcinogenesis. Dysregulation of interleukins signified the involvement of inflammation in the incipient phases of the process. An aberrant methylation/expression of multiple HOX genes signified dysregulation of the differentiation program. We identified three types of mutations based on their geographic distribution. The most common were mutations restricted to individual mucosal samples that targeted uroprogenitor cells. Two types of mutations were associated with clonal expansion and involved large areas of mucosa. The α mutations occurred at low frequencies while the β mutations increased in frequency with disease progression. Modeling revealed that bladder carcinogenesis spans 10-15 years and can be divided into dormant and progressive phases. The progressive phase lasted 1-2 years and was driven by β mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bondaruk
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roman Jaksik
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering and Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ziqiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Cogdell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sangkyou Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yujie Chen
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khanh Ngoc Dinh
- Department of Statistics and the Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tadeusz Majewski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shaolong Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paweł Kuś
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering and Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John N. Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neema Navai
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Charles C. Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marek Kimmel
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stroggilos R, Frantzi M, Zoidakis J, Mokou M, Moulavasilis N, Mavrogeorgis E, Melidi A, Makridakis M, Stravodimos K, Roubelakis MG, Mischak H, Vlahou A. Gene Expression Monotonicity across Bladder Cancer Stages Informs on the Molecular Pathogenesis and Identifies a Prognostic Eight-Gene Signature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102542. [PMID: 35626146 PMCID: PMC9140126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in molecular classification, tumor stage and grade still remain the most relevant prognosticators used by clinicians to decide on patient management. Here, we leverage publicly available data to characterize bladder cancer (BLCA)’s stage biology based on increased sample sizes, identify potential therapeutic targets, and extract putative biomarkers. A total of 1135 primary BLCA transcriptomes from 12 microarray studies were compiled in a meta-cohort and analyzed for monotonal alterations in pathway activities, gene expression, and co-expression patterns with increasing stage (Ta–T1–T2–T3–T4), starting from the non-malignant tumor-adjacent urothelium. The TCGA-2017 and IMvigor-210 RNA-Seq data were used to validate our findings. Wnt, MTORC1 signaling, and MYC activity were monotonically increased with increasing stage, while an opposite trend was detected for the catabolism of fatty acids, circadian clock genes, and the metabolism of heme. Co-expression network analysis highlighted stage- and cell-type-specific genes of potentially synergistic therapeutic value. An eight-gene signature, consisting of the genes AKAP7, ANLN, CBX7, CDC14B, ENO1, GTPBP4, MED19, and ZFP2, had independent prognostic value in both the discovery and validation sets. This novel eight-gene signature may increase the granularity of current risk-to-progression estimators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Stroggilos
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Frantzi
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany; (M.F.); (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marika Mokou
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany; (M.F.); (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Napoleon Moulavasilis
- 1st Department of Urology, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Mavrogeorgis
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Melidi
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- 1st Department of Urology, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany; (M.F.); (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-659-7506; Fax: +30-210-659-7545
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chi M, Liu J, Mei C, Shi Y, Liu N, Jiang X, Liu C, Xue N, Hong H, Xie J, Sun X, Yin B, Meng X, Wang B. TEAD4 functions as a prognostic biomarker and triggers EMT via PI3K/AKT pathway in bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:175. [PMID: 35581606 PMCID: PMC9112458 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The distant metastasis is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality for bladder cancer (BLCA) paitents. All the recommended therapy for it largely depends on how far the cancer has invaded. It has been confirmed that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the leading reason for the BLCA metastasis which makes BLCA difficult to cure. The aim of the present study is to identify the BLCA-related genes that can be used as the new prognostic biomarker and treatment target, and to investigate the functional mechanisms of TEAD4 in EMT dysregulation. Methods The "limma" R package was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the normal and the tumor samples from TCGA BLCA and GTEx databases. Kaplan–Meier and UniCox analysis were used to filter DEGs with prognostic value in BLCA. Step muti-Cox analysis was used to construct a prognostic risk score model based on clinical phenotype characters. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the possible molecular mechanisms affecting the prognosis in BLCA. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of EMT process on the prognosis. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was used to calculate the correlation betweeen the expression of DEGs and EMT enrichment scores. TEAD4 expression and its association with pathological grading and survival were appraised in samples from TCGA dataset and BLCA tissue microarray. Colony formation assays and CCK8 assays were performed to study the changes in BLCA cell proliferation when the TEAD4 levels was down- or up-regulated in BLCA cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were utilized to analyze the impact of TEAD4 on the invasion and metastasis of the BLCA cells. Western Blot was carried out to detect the changes of EMT-related markers and the active molecules involved in PI3K/AKT signaling in BLCA cells. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was conducted on the genes related to TEAD4 expression. 740Y-P (activator of PI3K/AKT pathway) and LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3K/AKT pathway) were applied to evaluate the contribution of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the EMT of BLCA cells. To examine the in vivo effect of TEAD4 on tumor metastasis, we designed a metastatic nude-mouse model by tail vein injection of TEAD4-knockdown BLCA cells. And PET/CT imaging was used to assess the extent of lung metastases. Results A total of 1592 DEGs were recognized, among which 4 DEGs have been identified as independent prognostic factors for BLCA, such as FASN, IGFL2, PLOD1 and TEAD4. TCGA BLCA samples were divided into significantly different low- and high-risk groups according to the median risk score; GSEA analysis showed that HALLMARK EMT pathway was the top enriched gene signature when compared high-risk and low-risk groups, which was also verified by unsupervised cluster analysis. EMT signature-derived ssGSEA scores demonstrated that TEAD4 had the most positive correlation with EMT process. In addition, TEAD4 expression was upregulated in TCGA BLCA samples and correlated with pT stage, tumor stage and tumor grade. Functional studies showed that TEAD4 knockdown via lentiviral TEAD4 shRNA inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, with the reduced expression of EMT related markers in BLCA cell lines; the migration and invasion of TEAD4 knockdown cells could be restored by ectopic expression of TEAD4. Meanwhile, KEGG enrichment analysis of genes related to TEAD4 expression showed that enrichment was significantly related to PI3K/AKT pathway. The pathway inhibitor LY294002 blocked the TEAD4-induced enhancement of migration and invasion as well as the expression EMT-related markers, whereas the agonist 740Y-P rescued the decreased migration, invasion and EMT induced by TEAD4 knockdown. Conclusions TEAD4 is closely correlated with poor prognosis in BLCA and mediates its metastasis through regulating EMT via PI3K/AKT pathway, proving that TEAD4 is not only an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis but also a great potential target for treatment of metastatic BLCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02377-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenxue Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yaxing Shi
- Department of Urology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nanqi Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Xue
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jisheng Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise City, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Urology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li M, Xu DM, Lin SB, Yang ZL, Xu TY, Yang JH, Lin ZX, Huang ZK, Yin J. Transcriptional expressions of hsa-mir-183 predicted target genes as independent indicators for prognosis in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3782-3800. [PMID: 35503998 PMCID: PMC9134959 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To uncover novel prognostic and therapeutic targets for BLCA, our study is the first to investigate the role of hsa-mir-183 and its up-regulated predicted target genes in bladder urothelial carcinoma. METHODS To address this issue, our study explored the roles of hsa-mir-183 predicted target genes in the prognosis of BLCA via UALCAN, Metascape, Kaplan-Meier plotter, Human Protein Atlas, TIMER2.0, cBioPortal and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer databases. RESULTS High transcriptional expressions of PDCD6, GNG5, PHF6 and MAL2 were markedly relevant to favorable OS in BLCA patients, whereas SLC25A15 and PTDSS1 had opposite expression significance. Additionally, high transcriptional expression of PDCD6, GNG5, PHF6, MAL2, SLC25A15 and PTDSS1 were significantly correlated with BLCA individual cancer stages and molecular subtypes. Furthermore, high mutation rate of PDCD6, MAL2, SLC25A15 and PTDSS1 were observed. Finally, TP53 mutation of PDCD6, GNG5, PHF6, MAL2, SLC25A15 and PTDSS1 has guiding significance for drug selection in BLCA. CONCLUSIONS PDCD6, GNG5, PHF6, MAL2, SLC25A15 and PTDSS1 could be the advanced independent indicators for prognosis of BLCA patients, and TP53-mutation might be a biomarker for drug option in BLCA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Ming Xu
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Bin Lin
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng-Liang Yang
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Teng-Yu Xu
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Huan Yang
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Xin Lin
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Kai Huang
- Division of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Liang S, Xiao B, Hu J, Pang Y, Liu Y, Yang J, Ao J, Wei L, Luo X. MiR-323a regulates ErbB3/EGFR and blocks gefitinib resistance acquisition in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:256. [PMID: 35319011 PMCID: PMC8940899 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid onset of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) limits its clinical utility in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and pan-erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase (ErbB) treatment strategy may be the alternative solution. The aim of this study was to develop a possible microRNA multi-ErbB treatment strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance. We detect the receptor tyrosine kinase activity in gefitinib-resistant colorectal cancer cells, ErbB3/EGFR is significantly activated and provides a potential multi-ErbB treatment target. MiR-323a-3p, a tumor suppressor, could target both ErbB3 and EGFR directly. Apoptosis is the miR-323a-3p inducing main biological process by functional enrichment analysis, and The EGFR and ErbB signaling are the miR-323a-3p inducing main pathway by KEGG analysis. MiR-323a-3p promotes CRC cells apoptosis by targeting ErbB3-phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K)/PKB protein kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/EGFR-extracellular regulated MAP kinase (Erk1/2) signaling directly. And miR-323a-3p, as a multi-ErbBs inhibitor, increase gefitinib sensitivity of the primary cell culture from combination miR-323a-3p and gefitinib treated subcutaneous tumors. MiR-323a-3p reverses ErbB3/EGFR signaling activation in gefitinib-resistant CRC cell lines and blocks acquired gefitinib resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunshun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yechun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpin Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park S, Rong L, Owczarek TB, Bernardo MD, Shoulson RL, Chua CW, Kim JY, Lankarani A, Chakrapani P, Syed T, McKiernan JM, Solit DB, Shen MM, Al-Ahmadie HA, Abate-Shen C. Novel Mouse Models of Bladder Cancer Identify a Prognostic Signature Associated with Risk of Disease Progression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5161-5175. [PMID: 34470779 PMCID: PMC8609963 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To study the progression of bladder cancer from non-muscle-invasive to muscle-invasive disease, we have developed a novel toolkit that uses complementary approaches to achieve gene recombination in specific cell populations in the bladder urothelium in vivo, thereby allowing us to generate a new series of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of bladder cancer. One method is based on the delivery of adenoviruses that express Cre recombinase in selected cell types in the urothelium, and a second uses transgenic drivers in which activation of inducible Cre alleles can be limited to the bladder urothelium by intravesicular delivery of tamoxifen. Using both approaches, targeted deletion of the Pten and p53 tumor suppressor genes specifically in basal urothelial cells gave rise to muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Furthermore, preinvasive lesions arising in basal cells displayed upregulation of molecular pathways related to bladder tumorigenesis, including proinflammatory pathways. Cross-species analyses comparing a mouse gene signature of early bladder cancer with a human signature of bladder cancer progression identified a conserved 28-gene signature of early bladder cancer that is associated with poor prognosis for human bladder cancer and that outperforms comparable gene signatures. These findings demonstrate the relevance of these GEMMs for studying the biology of human bladder cancer and introduce a prognostic gene signature that may help to stratify patients at risk for progression to potentially lethal muscle-invasive disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Analyses of bladder cancer progression in a new series of genetically engineered mouse models has identified a gene signature of poor prognosis in human bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soonbum Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lijie Rong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tomasz B Owczarek
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matteo Di Bernardo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rivka L Shoulson
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chee-Wai Chua
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jaime Y Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Amir Lankarani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Prithi Chakrapani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Talal Syed
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James M McKiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Departments of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis and Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hikmat A Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Combination of GP88 Expression in Tumor Cells and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Bladder Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071796. [PMID: 34359965 PMCID: PMC8306318 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and accounts for approximately 3% of global cancer diagnoses. We are interested in prognostic markers that may characterize tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) and their relationship in BCa. A potential candidate marker that meets these criteria is progranulin (GP88), which is expressed separately in TCs and ICs. We analyzed GP88 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 196 muscle-invasive BCa samples using a tissue microarray. The immunoreactive score for GP88 staining in TCs and the percentage of GP88-positive ICs was determined. An easy cutoff for the staining status of TCs (positive vs. negative) and ICs (0% vs. >0%) and, more generally, negative vs. positive GP88 staining could be applied. We detected 93 patients (47.4%) and 92 patients (46.9%) with GP88-positive TCs or ICs, respectively. The IHC results were correlated with clinicopathological and survival data. Positive GP88 staining in TCs appeared to be an independent poor prognostic factor for disease-specific survival (DSS) (RR (relative risk) = 1.74; p = 0.009) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (RR = 1.92; p = 0.002). In contrast, negative GP88 staining in ICs was an independent negative predictor for overall survival (OS) (RR = 2.18; p < 0.001), DSS (RR = 2.84; p < 0.001) and RFS (RR = 2.91; p < 0.001) in multivariate Cox’s regression analysis. When combining GP88 staining in TCs and ICs, a specific combination of GP88-positive TCs and GP88-negative ICs was associated with a 2.54-fold increased risk of death, a 4.21-fold increased risk of disease-specific death and a 4.81-fold increased risk of recurrence compared to GP88-negative TCs and GP88-positive ICs. In summary, GP88 positivity in TCs is a negative prognostic factor for DSS and RFS. In addition, GP88 positivity can mark ICs that are associated with a good prognosis (OS, DSS and RFS). The combination of GP88 staining in TCs and ICs appears to be a significant independent prognostic biomarker in muscle-invasive BCa.
Collapse
|
23
|
Weyerer V, Stoehr R, Bertz S, Lange F, Geppert CI, Wach S, Taubert H, Sikic D, Wullich B, Hartmann A, Eckstein M. Prognostic impact of molecular muscle-invasive bladder cancer subtyping approaches and correlations with variant histology in a population-based mono-institutional cystectomy cohort. World J Urol 2021; 39:4011-4019. [PMID: 34259899 PMCID: PMC8571152 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently discovered molecular classifications for urothelial bladder cancer appeared to be promising prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic impact of molecular subtypes assessed by two different methodologies (gene and protein expression), to compare these two approaches and to correlate molecular with histological subtypes in a consecutively collected, mono-institutional muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) cohort. Methods 193 MIBC were pathologically re-evaluated and molecular subtypes were assessed on mRNA (NanoString technology, modified 21-gene-containing MDACC approach) and protein levels (immuno-histochemical [IHC] analysis of CK5, CK14, CD44, CK20, GATA3 and FOXA1). Descriptive statistical methods and uni-/multi-variable survival models were employed to analyze derived data. Results Neither gene expression nor protein-based subtyping showed significant associations with disease-specific (DSS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS). Agreement between mRNA (reference) and protein-based subtyping amounted 68.6% for basal, 76.1% for luminal and 50.0% for double-negative tumors. Histological subtypes associated with RFS in uni-variable (P = 0.03), but not in multivariable survival analyses. Tumors with variant histology predominantly showed luminal subtypes (gene expression subtyping: 36/55 cases, 65.5%; protein subtyping: 44/55 cases, 80.0%). Squamous differentiation significantly associated with basal subtypes (gene expression subtyping: 44/45 squamous cases, 97.8%; protein subtyping: 36/45 cases, 80.0%). Conclusion In our consecutive cystectomy cohort, neither gene, protein expression-based subtyping, nor histological subtypes associated with DSS or RFS in multi-variably adjusted survival analyses. Application of a limited IHC subtyping marker panel showed high concordance of 83.9% with gene expression-based subtyping, thus underlining the utility for subtyping in pathological routine diagnostics. In addition, histological MIBC subtypes are strong indicators for intrinsic subtypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-021-03788-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Weyerer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Bertz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Lange
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danijel Sikic
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen (CCC ER-EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Collagen I Modifies Connexin-43 Hemichannel Activity via Integrin α2β1 Binding in TGFβ1-Evoked Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073644. [PMID: 33807408 PMCID: PMC8038016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with sustained inflammation and progressive fibrosis, changes that have been linked to altered connexin hemichannel-mediated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kidney fibrosis develops in response to increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and up-regulation of collagen I is an early marker of renal disease. With ECM remodeling known to promote a loss of epithelial stability, in the current study we used a clonal human kidney (HK2) model of proximal tubular epithelial cells to determine if collagen I modulates changes in cell function, via connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannel ATP release. HK2 cells were cultured on collagen I and treated with the beta 1 isoform of the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) ± the Cx43 mimetic Peptide 5 and/or an anti-integrin α2β1 neutralizing antibody. Phase microscopy and immunocytochemistry observed changes in cell morphology and cytoskeletal reorganization, whilst immunoblotting and ELISA identified changes in protein expression and secretion. Carboxyfluorescein dye uptake and biosensing measured hemichannel activity and ATP release. A Cytoselect extracellular matrix adhesion assay assessed changes in cell-substrate interactions. Collagen I and TGFβ1 synergistically evoked increased hemichannel activity and ATP release. This was paralleled by changes to markers of tubular injury, partly mediated by integrin α2β1/integrin-like kinase signaling. The co-incubation of the hemichannel blocker Peptide 5, reduced collagen I/TGFβ1 induced alterations and inhibited a positive feedforward loop between Cx43/ATP release/collagen I. This study highlights a role for collagen I in regulating connexin-mediated hemichannel activity through integrin α2β1 signaling, ahead of establishing Peptide 5 as a potential intervention.
Collapse
|
25
|
TERT Promoter Mutation Analysis of Whole-Organ Mapping Bladder Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020230. [PMID: 33562516 PMCID: PMC7915609 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multifocal occurrence is a main characteristic of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Whether urothelial transformation is caused by monoclonal events within the urothelium, or by polyclonal unrelated events resulting in several tumor clones is still under debate. TERT promoter mutations are the most common somatic alteration identified in UBC. In this study, we analyzed different histological tissues from whole-organ mapping bladder cancer specimens to reveal TERT mutational status, as well as to discern how tumors develop. Methods: Up to 23 tissues from nine whole-organ mapping bladder tumor specimens, were tested for TERT promoter mutations including tumor associated normal urothelium, non-invasive urothelial lesions (hyperplasia, dysplasia, metaplasia), carcinoma in situ (CIS) and different areas of muscle invasive bladder cancers (MIBC). The mutational DNA hotspot region within the TERT promoter was analyzed by SNaPshot analysis including three hot spot regions (−57, −124 or −146). Telomere length was measured by the Relative Human Telomere Length Quantification qPCR Assay Kit. Results: TERT promoter mutations were identified in tumor associated normal urothelium as well as non-invasive urothelial lesions, CIS and MIBC. Analysis of separate regions of the MIBC showed 100% concordance of TERT promoter mutations within a respective whole-organ bladder specimen. Polyclonal events were observed in five out of nine whole-organ mapping bladder cancers housing tumor associated normal urothelium, non-invasive urothelial lesions and CIS where different TERT promoter mutations were found compared to MIBC. The remaining four whole-organ mapping bladders were monoclonal for TERT mutations. No significant differences of telomere length were observed. Conclusions: Examining multiple whole-organ mapping bladders we conclude that TERT promoter mutations may be an early step in bladder cancer carcinogenesis as supported by TERT mutations detected in tumor associated normal urothelium as well as non-invasive urothelial lesions. Since mutated TERT promoter regions within non-invasive urothelial lesions are not sufficient alone for the establishment of cancerous growth, this points to the contribution of other gene mutations as a requirement for tumor development.
Collapse
|