1
|
Chen VHE, Ong L, Teo WK, Siow CH, Goh HL, Tan C, Lim WS, Eu D, Cheong ISY, Chan SH, Loh KS, Tay JK. Clinical performance of a prefabricated immunofluorescence assay for nasopharyngeal cancer screening. Head Neck 2024; 46:2223-2232. [PMID: 38817018 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgA serology for viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) aids early detection of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), resulting in improved survival. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a prefabricated immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for NPC screening in high-risk individuals. METHODS Sera from 96 biopsy-proven patients with NPC diagnosed at the outpatient clinic and 96 healthy family members were tested for EBV-VCA IgA and EBV-EA IgA using the prefabricated IFA from EUROIMMUN (EI) and the traditional immunofluorescence method. RESULTS The AUC of EI EBV-VCA IgA and EBV-EA IgA was 0.907 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.894-0.965) and 0.898 (95% CI: 0.848-0.947), respectively. Combined testing with the prefabricated assay at a threshold of VCA ≥1:320 or EA ≥1:10 showed 92.7% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity. Overall, the traditional EBV-EA IgA assay demonstrated the best accuracy (sensitivity 91.7% and specificity 96.9%) at a threshold of ≥1:5. CONCLUSION While the traditional IFA method was more accurate, the prefabricated IFA test kit can be a useful tool for NPC screening in high-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hui En Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lizhen Ong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei Keat Teo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chor Hiang Siow
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Han Lee Goh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei Sian Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Donovan Eu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ian S Y Cheong
- Pathnova Laboratories, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soh Ha Chan
- Pathnova Laboratories, Singapore
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Immunology, Singapore
| | - Kwok Seng Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Joshua K Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin CY, Chang CL, Lin KC, Chen WM, Shia BC, Kuo PH, Wu SY. Statin use reduces radiation-induced stroke risk in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Radiother Oncol 2024; 191:110067. [PMID: 38142934 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of statin use on ischemic stroke risk in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS Using data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database, we conducted an inverse probability of treatment-weighted Cox regression analysis to examine the association between statin use during CCRT and ischemic stroke risk. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for ischemic stroke in the statin group compared to the non-statin group was 0.70 (95 % CI: 0.54-0.92; P < 0.0107). This protective effect was observed across different statin classes, with hydrophilic statins such as pravastatin showing an aHR of 0.37 (95 % CI: 0.17-0.85) and lipophilic statins including atorvastatin displaying an aHR of 0.32 (95 % CI: 0.21-0.50) compared to non-statin use. Analysis of cumulative defined daily doses (cDDD) revealed a dose-response relationship, with lower stroke risk observed in higher quartiles of cDDD. Additionally, patients with a daily defined dose (DDD) > 1 had a reduced risk of stroke with an aHR of 0.49 (95 % CI: 0.31-0.63), while those with DDD ≤ 1 showed an aHR of 0.59 (95 % CI: 0.40-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence supporting the beneficial effects of statin use during the CCRT period in reducing radiation-induced stroke risk among patients with advanced NPC undergoing definitive CCRT. Notably, pravastatin and atorvastatin demonstrated significant reductions in stroke occurrence. Furthermore, the findings suggest a dose-response relationship, where higher cumulative doses and greater daily dose intensity of statin use were associated with a lower risk of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yi Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Chou Lin
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ben-Chang Shia
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC; Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Cancer Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC; Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Management, College of Management, Fo Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Velsen JS, van der Vegt B, Plaat BEC, Langendijk JA, Epskamp-Kuijpers CCHJ, van Dijk BAC, Oosting SF. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: nationwide trends in subtype-specific incidence and survival over 3 decades in a non-endemic area. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:49. [PMID: 38285234 PMCID: PMC10824861 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify trends in incidence and survival of NPC, subdivided by EBV status and histopathological subtype, over a 30-year period in the Netherlands. METHODS Anonymized data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (PALGA) for the period 1989-2018 were linked to identify and classify NPC cases. RESULTS Incidence of NPC remained stable, with an annual percentage change (APC) of - 0.2. (95% CI - 0.9; 0.5). EBV testing became routine only in the last decade, the incidence of EBV-positive tumors remained stable over this period (APC 1.2, 95% CI - 1.3; 3.8). An increase in EBV-negative tumors (APC: 7.1, 95% CI 2.5; 11.9) and a decrease in untested tumors were found (APC: - 10.7, 95% CI - 15.7; - 5.7). The incidence of non-keratinizing, differentiated tumors increased (APC: 3.8, (95% CI 2.2; 5.5) while the incidence of other histological subtypes remained stable. Overall survival was better in patients diagnosed after 1998 (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% CI 0.6; 0.9). EBV status, histology, stage, and age were independently associated with relative excess risk of dying, but period of diagnosis was not. CONCLUSION Testing for EBV increased over time, and a stable incidence of EBV-positive NPC over the last 10 years. The rising incidence of non-keratinizing, differentiated NPC mirrors data from the US and suggests a shift in non-endemic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jort S van Velsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn E C Plaat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Boukje A C van Dijk
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), PO Box 19079, 3501 DB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje F Oosting
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Sun H, Li L, Gan Z, Wu X, Du J. Changing patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in Hong Kong: a 30-year analysis and future projections. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:761. [PMID: 37587425 PMCID: PMC10429092 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the relationship between age, period, and birth cohort with the incidence trends of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Hong Kong, make projections through 2030 and parse the drivers of the incidence. METHODS Using data from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry, we used an age-period-cohort model to uniquely estimate age, period, and cohort effects on NPC incidence trends and make projections. We further assessed the drivers of NPC incidence using a validated decomposition algorithm. RESULTS From 1991 to 2020, crude and age-standardized incidence rates of NPC decreased significantly. The net drifts showed significant downward trends for both sexes, and local drift declined in all age groups. Period and cohort rate ratios revealed monotonic declining patterns for both sexes. Projections suggested that NPC incidence will continue to decline. Population decomposition showed that while population growth and ageing have led to an increase in NPC cases, epidemiologic changes offset these increases, resulting in an encouraging downward trend in the incidence and new NPC cases in Hong Kong. CONCLUSIONS The period and cohort risk of NPC in Hong Kong decreased, and epidemiologic changes offset the contribution of demographic factors, resulting in a continued decline in NPC incidence and cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linchang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical School of Medicine, Shaanxi, University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenhai Gan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jianqiang Du
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang PC, Chen WM, Chen M, Shia BC, Wu SY, Chiang CW. Survival effect of pretreatment FDG-PET-CT on nasopharyngeal cancer. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:36-46. [PMID: 35999158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Accurate staging is the first step for optimal treatment selection in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this propensity-score-matched, population-based cohort study, we investigated the survival effects of pretreatment 8-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18FDG-PET-CT) on patients with NPC. METHODS We included patients with stage I-IVA NPC receiving radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy and categorized them into two 1:1 propensity score-matched groups according to whether or not they underwent pretreatment 18FDG-PET-CT and compared their outcomes. RESULTS Of the 10,756 patients, propensity score matching yielded 4366 patients in each group. According to multivariable Cox regression analyses, the most prominent correlation between pretreatment 18FDG-PET-CT and all-cause death was observed in patients with stage II NPC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.90; P = .0433), followed by patients with stage III NPC (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.94; P = .0071) and patients with stage IVA NPC (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97; P = .0091). This association was not significant in patients with stage I NPC (aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.75-1.93; P = .4426). CONCLUSION Pretreatment 18FDG-PET-CT is associated with longer survival in patients with clinical stage II-IVA NPC but not in stage I NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mingchih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Chang Shia
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Management, College of Management, Fo Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Wen Chiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Avdulla CS, Papadas T, Mastronikolis N, Jelastopulu E. Epidemiological Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Western Greece. Cureus 2021; 13:e14711. [PMID: 34055550 PMCID: PMC8156549 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the overall survival (OS) of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer and the factors affecting the survival rates. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed, including 77 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosed and treated in the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of the University Hospital of Patras during 1990-2017. The prognostic impact of age, gender, occupation, smoking/alcohol, and TNM staging were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results During the last 28 years, nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) was higher in men (80.5% of patients) than women (19.5%) (mean age 56-years). Most patients were smokers (64.9%, mean 70 pack-years) and 35 (45.5%) of them were alcohol users. Postoperative staging indicated 39% stage-III, 26% stage-IV, and 26% stage-I. Histologically, 70.1% of the volumes were WHO-III, 20.8% WHO-II, and 5.2% WHO-I. Also, 98.7% of patients received radiotherapy, 85.7% chemotherapy, and 20.8% surgery. More than half were farmers (26%), self-employed (16.9%), and workers (14.3). During the follow-up (mean 66 months), 38 (49.5%) patients died, 88.9% from disease-related causes. The 5-year survival was 58.8%, 74.5% for non-smokers, and 49.1% for smokers, and 10-year survival was 43.6%, 63.4%, and 31.6%, respectively (p=0.016). Moreover, significant statistical differences were observed in age (p=0.054), time period of diagnosis and treatment (p=0.002), cause of death (p=0.033), and metastatic disease (p=0.023). Conclusions Age, stage in disease detection, tumor characteristics, treatment, and tobacco abuse are important factors that affect the OS of patients with NPC during the three last decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodoros Papadas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang ET, Ye W, Zeng YX, Adami HO. The Evolving Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1035-1047. [PMID: 33849968 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has long been a source of fascination due to the malignancy's striking geographic distribution, the involvement of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the unique association with intake of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, and etiologic heterogeneity by histologic subtype. METHODS This review summarizes the current epidemiologic literature on NPC, highlighting recent results from our population-based case-control study in southern China. RESULTS Findings from our case-control study provide new insight into the epidemiology of NPC, including a diminished role of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, a profound impact of EBV genetic sequence variation, modest positive associations with passive smoking and household air pollution, and possible effects of oral health and the oral microbiome. Recent findings from other studies include a protective association with infectious mononucleosis, suggesting a causal role of early EBV infection; familial risk conferred by shared genetic variation in the host antibody-mediated immune response to EBV infection; and an unclear association with occupational exposure to formaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS To shed further light on the interplay of environmental, genetic, and viral causes of NPC, large pooled studies must accumulate sufficient cases with detailed exposure data. IMPACT New epidemiologic findings have reshaped the causal model for NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, California.
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Su SY, Chen WT, Chiang CJ, Yang YW, Lee WC. Oral cancer incidence rates from 1997 to 2016 among men in Taiwan: Association between birth cohort trends and betel nut consumption. Oral Oncol 2020; 107:104798. [PMID: 32434121 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral cancer is the fourth most common cancer among men in Taiwan. Betel nut consumption is a major risk factor for oral cancer, but the association between betel nut chewing and the long-term secular trend of oral cancer incidence is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an age-period-cohort analysis to examine the incidence rates of oral cancer among men in Taiwan from 1997 to 2016. RESULTS The oral cancer incidence rate among men doubled between 1997 and 2009, but the trend leveled off thereafter. Oral cancer incidence rates in the oldest age group (80-84y) were approximately 85 times those of the youngest group (25-29y). The period effect was weak, and the cohort effect exhibited a drastically increasing trend from 1917 (midyear for 1913-1921) to 1972 (1968-1976) birth cohorts and then a decreasing trend afterward. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the cohort effects on oral cancer incidence among men and the average consumption of betel nut with a lag time of 30 years had a significant and extremely high value of 0.993. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that betel nut chewing is the main driver of the cohort effect for oral cancer incidence rates among men in Taiwan. In addition to reduced betel nut consumption, a decrease in smoking prevalence may also have contributed to the reduction in oral cancer incidence after the 1972 birth cohort; moreover, the increasing prevalence of alcohol consumption in Taiwan is unlikely to be the reason for the cohort effect for oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yung Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tay JK, Siow CH, Goh HL, Lim CM, Hsu PP, Chan SH, Loh KS. A comparison of EBV serology and serum cell‐free DNA as screening tools for nasopharyngeal cancer: Results of the Singapore NPC screening cohort. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2923-2931. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K. Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryNational University Health System Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Biology ProgramStanford University School of Medicine Stanford MA
| | - Chor H. Siow
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryNational University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Han L. Goh
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryNational University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Chwee M. Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryNational University Health System Singapore Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgerySingapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Pon P. Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryChangi General Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Soh H. Chan
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Immunology Singapore Singapore
- Pathnova Laboratories Singapore Singapore
| | - Kwok S. Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryNational University Health System Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang F, Jiang C, Wang L, Yan F, Sun Q, Ye Z, Liu T, Fu Z, Jiang Y. Influence of concurrent chemotherapy on locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy: A retrospective matched analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2489. [PMID: 32051492 PMCID: PMC7016014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus concurrent chemotherapy (CC) will be the new standard treatment for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. However, many patients fail to receive CC for multiple reasons. We aimed to investigate long-term survival outcomes and toxicities in these patients with NPC treated with additional NAC plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or IMRT alone. In total, 1,378 previously untreated, newly diagnosed locoregionally advanced NPC patients receiving NAC plus IMRT with or without CC were retrospectively reviewed. We used a propensity score-matched (PSM) method with 1:1 matching to identify paired patients according to various covariates. Survival outcomes and toxicities were compared between the two groups. In total, 288 pairs were identified. With a median follow-up of 86 (range: 8–110) months, the estimated 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival rates in patients treated with NAC plus CCRT vs. NAC plus IMRT alone were 96.1% vs. 94.7% (P = 0.201), 93.7% vs. 89.8% (P = 0.129), 91.3% vs. 85.1% (P = 0.024), and 93.0% vs. 90.6% (P = 0.362), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that CC omission was a prognostic factor for worse PFS. In a subgroup analysis, PFS did not differ significantly between two groups of female patients or aged <60 years or stage T1–2 or stage N0-1 disease. However, fewer acute complications were observed in the NAC plus IMRT alone group. NAC with IMRT alone confers similar survival rates and less acute toxicities. Specifically, NAC plus IMRT alone may be enough for female patients <60 years with stage T1-2 or stage N0-1. However, a prospective randomised trial is needed to validate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Wang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuner Jiang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Wang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Yan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfu Fu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Jiang
- Department of Didital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
E M, Yin J, Jin W, Mao Y, Wu Q, Qiu J. Wood dust exposure and risks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:817-822. [PMID: 31950991 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Wood dust has been confirmed as one kind of human carcinogen. However, there are inconsistent study results of exploring the relationship of exposure to wood dust and occurrence of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). For a greater clarification, the authors systemically reviewed the relevant published articles on the relationship of exposure to wood dust and occurrence of NPC. And meta-analysis was conducted.
Methods
The databases of PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Embase and Science Direct were searched for the relevant publications. And Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed for judging the quality of articles. Random-effect model was utilized for meta-analysis.
Results
Among a total of 583 retrieved items, 10 case–control studies and 1 cohort study were selected. The ratio of maximal/minimal exposure concentration of wood dust yielded a pooled odd ratio (OR) of 2.18 (95% CI = 1.62–2.93, P = 0.063) with a moderate heterogeneity (I2: 43.0%; P = 0.001). And subgroup analysis was performed for such factors as exposure status, exposure population and geographic region. No publishing bias was noted. Exposing to a high concentration of wood dust was positively proportional to occurring risk of NPC.
Conclusion
It hints at the contributing effect of wood dust upon NPC. For eliminating the effects of other confounding factors, larger prospective cohort studies are required for further elucidating the relationship of exposure to wood dust and occurrence of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng E
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jinzhu Yin
- Department of Science and Education, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd., Yungang 037003, China
| | - Wu Jin
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yiyang Mao
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Qihong Wu
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fangzheng W, Chuner J, Haiyan Q, Quanquan S, Zhimin Y, Tongxin L, Jiping L, Peng W, Kaiyuan S, Zhenfu F, Yangming J. Survival without concurrent chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with induction chemotherapy plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy: Single-center experience from an endemic area. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18484. [PMID: 31861031 PMCID: PMC6940191 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although induction chemotherapy (IC) combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus concurrent chemotherapy (CC) is the new standard treatment option in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), many patients fail to receive CC. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term survival outcomes and toxicities in these patients who are treated with IC before IMRT without CC.We retrospectively reviewed 332 untreated, newly diagnosed locoregionally advanced NPC patients who received IC before IMRT alone at our institution from May 2008 through April 2014. The IC was administered every 3 weeks for 1 to 4 cycles. Acute and late radiation-related toxicities were graded according to the acute and late radiation morbidity scoring criteria of the radiation therapy oncology group. The accumulated survival was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare the difference in survival.With a median follow-up duration of 65 months (range: 8-110 months), the 5-year estimated locoregional relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival rates were 93.4%, 91.7%, 85.8%, and 82.5%, respectively. Older age and advanced T stage were adverse prognostic factors for overall survival, and the absence of comorbidity was a favorable prognostic factor for PFS. However, acceptable acute complications were observed in these patients.IC combined with IMRT alone provides promising long-term survival outcomes with manageable toxicities. Therefore, the omission of CC from the standard treatment did not affect survival outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Fangzheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province
| | - Jiang Chuner
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou
| | - Qin Haiyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Kecheng, Zhejiang, Quzhou
| | - Sun Quanquan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province
| | - Ye Zhimin
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province
| | - Liu Tongxin
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province
| | - Liu Jiping
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Physics
| | - Wu Peng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Pathology
| | - Shi Kaiyuan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou
| | - Fu Zhenfu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province
| | - Jiang Yangming
- Department of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Downregulation of miR-144 by triptolide enhanced p85α-PTEN complex formation causing S phase arrest of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:137-148. [PMID: 31059711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective pharmacologic targeting of cell cycle regulators is a potent anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, we show that caspase-3-mediated p21 cleavage involves p53 independent of triptolide (TPL)-induced S phase arrest in human type 1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that TPL causes S phase cell cycle arrest by suppressing the formation of cyclin A-phosphor (p)-cyclin-dependent kinas 2 (CDK2) (Thr 39) complexes. Ectopic expression of constitutively active protein kinase B1 (Akt1) blocks the induction of S phase arrest and the suppression of cyclin A expression and CDK2 Thr 39 phosphorylation by TPL. Expression of the phosphomimetic mutant CDK2 (T39E) rescues the cells from TPL-induced S phase arrest, whereas phosphorylation-deficient CDK2 (T39A) expression regulates cell growth with significant S phase arrest and enhances TPL-triggered S phase arrest. Treatment with TPL induces an increase in the formation of complexes between unphosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) and p85α in the plasma membrane. Decreased microRNA (miR)-144 expression and increased PTEN expression after TPL treatment were demonstrated, and TPL-enhanced p85α-PTEN complexes and inhibitory effects on Akt (Ser 473) phosphorylation and S phase arrest were suppressed by ectopic PTEN short hairpin RNA or miR-144 expression. Knockdown of endogenous miR-144 by miR-144 Trap upregulated PTEN expression and accordingly enhanced p85α-PTEN complex formation and S phase arrest. Collectively, the effect of TPL on S phase arrest in human NPC cells is likely to enhance the p85α-PTEN interaction in the plasma membrane by suppressing miR-144 expression, resulting in the attenuation of cyclin A-p-CDK2 (Thr 39) complex formation via Akt inactivation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Song YC, Hung KF, Liang KL, Chiang JH, Huang HC, Lee HJ, Wu MY, Yu SJ, Lo HY, Ho TY, Yen HR. Adjunctive Chinese herbal medicine therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Clinical evidence and experimental validation. Head Neck 2019; 41:2860-2872. [PMID: 30985039 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the benefits of adjunctive Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS We included all patients diagnosed with NPC during 1997-2009 and followed until 2011 in Taiwan. We used 1:1 frequency matching by age, sex, comorbidity, conventional treatment, and index year to compare the CHM users and non-CHM users (n = 2542 each). The prescribed CHM was further investigated with regard to its cytotoxicity. RESULTS Compared with non-CHM users, adjunctive CHM users had a lower hazard ratio of mortality risk, and a better survival probability. Gan-Lu-Yin (GLY) was the most commonly prescribed CHM, and it reduced cell viability, inhibited tumor proliferation, and induced apoptosis through the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3-dependent pathway in human NPC TW01 cells. Oral administration of GLY retarded NPC-TW01 tumor growth in the xenograft nude mouse model. CONCLUSION Real-world data and laboratory experiments implied that adjunctive CHM might be beneficial for NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chyi Song
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lee
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yao Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lo
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu SJ, Chen YC, Lo WC, Chiang CJ, Lin CT, Chuang SS, Lai MS. Distinctive incidence patterns of follicular lymphoma in Taiwan: Implications of ethnic differences. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1899-1907. [PMID: 30791222 PMCID: PMC6488204 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular lymphoma (FL) is less prevalent in Asians, but detailed epidemiological analyses were not available. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiologic features of FL in Taiwan to explore the factors relevant to disease development and prognosis. METHODS We obtained epidemiological data for Taiwanese citizens during 1990-2012 from Taiwan's National Cancer Registry Database, and the corresponding data for US Caucasians from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Changes in incidence rates were evaluated with age-period-cohort (APC) analyses. Patient outcomes were compared with 5-year relative survival rates (RS) estimates. RESULTS Incidence rates of FL in Taiwan increased continuously during the study period (0.34 to 0.91 per 100 000 person-year from 1993-1997 to 2008-2012 in men, and from 0.29 [1993-1997] to 0.81 [2008-2012] in women), while rates in the US remained stable in both sexes, ranging between 3.73 and 3.96 in men and between 3.24 and 3.55 in women. Estimates of average annual percentage changes in incidence were significantly positive in Taiwan, but not in US Caucasians. Notably, the APC analysis identified a strong birth-cohort effect in Taiwan, corresponding to environmental alterations present during the study period. The estimated 5-year RS rates in both populations showed steady improvement, but the RS in Taiwanese patients was consistently 10% lower than in US Caucasians. CONCLUSION A distinct increasing trend of incidence with a strong birth-cohort effect was identified in Taiwan, providing evidence of the association between environmental factors and disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ju Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lo
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Cancer Registry Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sung Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Cancer Registry Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chan MH, Wang F, Mang WK, Tse LA. Sex Differences in Time Trends on Incidence Rates of Oropharyngeal and Oral Cavity Cancers in Hong Kong. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2018; 127:895-902. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489418802287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Worldwide studies have shown an increasing trend of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) but a decreasing trend of oral cavity cancers over the past 2 decades, particularly in developed countries with successful tobacco control. This trend has been attributed to the increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated OPSCC. The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in incidence trends of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers in Hong Kong from 1983 to 2014. Methods: Using data from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry from 1983 to 2014, age-standardized incidence rates for potentially HPV-associated sites (oropharyngeal) and non-HPV-associated sites (oral cavity) were calculated, stratified by sex and age groups. Joinpoint regression and an age-period-cohort model were used to assess incidence trends. Results: A total of 1,972 cases of oropharyngeal cancer and 7,389 cases of oral cavity cancer were diagnosed from 1983 to 2014. The male/female ratios were 4.16:1 for oropharyngeal cancers and 1.63:1 for oral cavity cancers. A significant increasing trend was observed in oropharyngeal cancers from 1994 to 2014 (average annual percentage change = 2.66, P < .05). In contrast, a significant decreasing trend was observed in oral cavity cancers from 1983 to 1994 (average annual percentage change = −5.36, P < .05). The trends were more significant in men and in patients aged 45 to 69 years. A positive birth cohort effect was observed for oropharyngeal cancer in men. Conclusions: The rising trend of oropharyngeal cancer and decreasing trend of oral cavity cancer in Hong Kong from 1983 to 2014 are consistent with worldwide trends. Increase in high-risk sexual behaviors and oral HPV infection may influence the difference in trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Hin Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai kong Mang
- Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lim CH, Tseng CW, Lin CT, Huang WN, Chen YH, Chen YM, Chen DY. The clinical application of tumor markers in the screening of malignancies and interstitial lung disease of dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients: A retrospective study. SAGE Open Med 2018; 6:2050312118781895. [PMID: 29977547 PMCID: PMC6024348 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118781895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the clinical utility of tumor markers in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients in Taiwan. Method: Data were collected retrospectively from the database of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from 1998 to 2014. Patients who fulfilled Bohan and Peter criteria of dermatomyositis/polymyositis were recruited. Serum level of tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 were measured. The occurrence of malignancies and interstitial lung disease was identified. The association of tumor markers with malignancies and interstitial lung disease was examined using Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: Among the enrolled 151 patients, 98 (64.9%) dermatomyositis and 53 (35.1%) polymyositis, a total of 15 malignancies were detected: breast ductal carcinoma (n = 4), bladder transitional cell carcinoma (n = 2), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 2), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and papillary squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2), colorectal (colon and rectal adenocarcinoma) (n = 2), uterine adenocarcinoma (n = 1), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 1) and hematological malignancy (myelodysplastic with excess blast cells) (n = 1). Among the patients with malignancies, 13 (86.7%) had dermatomyositis, 2 (13.3%) polymyositis and 3 (20%) interstitial lung disease. The mean duration from dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis to the occurrence of malignancies was 6.05 ± 5.69 years. There was no significant association of raised tumor markers with the occurrence of malignancies (p > 0.085), while a significant association was observed between the elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 and the presence of interstitial lung disease (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Tumor markers were not useful in malignancy screening or dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients in this tertiary center. The evaluation of the occurrence of malignancy in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patient should include a multidimensional approach. A raised level of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 may be a potential indicator of the presence of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hong Lim
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Malaysia.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tseng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tsai Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Nan Huang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chang KM, Chen LC, Tzeng CC, Lu YH, Chen IL, Juang SH, Wang TC. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of oxime, methyloxime, and amide-containing quinazolinones. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ming Chang
- Department of Pharmacy; Tajen University; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Li-Chai Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; Tajen University; Pingtung Taiwan
- Clinical Pharmacy Division; ZuoYing Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Chyi Tzeng
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hua Lu
- Department of Pharmacy; Tajen University; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - I-Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; Tajen University; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- Department of Pharmacy; Tajen University; Pingtung Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; Tajen University; Pingtung Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen TM, Lin KC, Yuan KSP, Chang CL, Chow JM, Wu SY. Treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer using low- or high-dose concurrent chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: A propensity score-matched, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Radiother Oncol 2017; 129:23-29. [PMID: 29277447 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No large-scale, head-to-head, phase III, randomized, controlled trial with an adequate sample size has investigated the effect of concurrent low-dose (LD) or high-dose (HD) cisplatin with radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Thus, we conducted a propensity-score-matched, nationwide, population-based cohort study in Taiwan to investigate the outcomes of LD-concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or HD-CCRT with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with advanced NPC. METHODS In this study, patients were categorized into 2 groups according to their chemotherapy regimen: HD-CCRT and LD-CCRT groups. RESULTS We enrolled 1968 patients (328 and 1640 in the LD-CCRT and HD-CCRT groups, respectively) who had received CCRT with IMRT. According to both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.75 (0.54-1.06, P = .103) was derived for the HD-CCRT group. CONCLUSION LD-CCRT or HD-CCRT with IMRT can be a standard treatment that can prolong the survival of patients with advanced NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Sheng-Po Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hsu C, Lee SH, Ejadi S, Even C, Cohen RB, Le Tourneau C, Mehnert JM, Algazi A, van Brummelen EM, Saraf S, Thanigaimani P, Cheng JD, Hansen AR. Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Results of the KEYNOTE-028 Study. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:4050-4056. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.73.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish the safety profile and antitumor activity of the anti–programmed death 1 receptor monoclonal antibody, pembrolizumab, in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) that expressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Patients and Methods KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806) is a nonrandomized, multicohort, phase Ib trial of pembrolizumab in patients with PD-L1–positive advanced solid tumors. Key eligibility criteria for the NPC cohort included unresectable or metastatic disease, failure on prior standard therapy, and PD-L1 expression in 1% or more of tumor cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks up to 2 years or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per investigator review. Tumor response was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; version 1.1) every 8 weeks for the first 6 months and every 12 weeks thereafter. Results Twenty-seven patients received pembrolizumab. Median age was 52.0 years (range, 18 to 68 years); 92.6% received prior therapies for RM-NPC; 70.4% had received three or more therapies. Partial response and stable disease were observed in seven and 14 patients, respectively, for an ORR of 25.9% (95% CI, 11.1 to 46.3) over a median follow-up of 20 months. ORR by central review was similar (26.3%). Drug-related adverse events that occurred in 15% or more of patients included rash (25.9%), pruritus (25.9%), pain (22.2%), hypothyroidism (18.5%), and fatigue (18.5%). Grade ≥ 3 drug-related adverse events occurred in eight patients (29.6%), and there was one drug-related death (sepsis). As of the data cutoff (June 20, 2016), two patients remained on pembrolizumab treatment. Conclusion Pembrolizumab demonstrated antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with RM-NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiun Hsu
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Samuel Ejadi
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Caroline Even
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Roger B. Cohen
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Janice M. Mehnert
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Alain Algazi
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Emilie M.J. van Brummelen
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Sanatan Saraf
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Pradeep Thanigaimani
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Jonathan D. Cheng
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carioli G, Negri E, Kawakita D, Garavello W, La Vecchia C, Malvezzi M. Global trends in nasopharyngeal cancer mortality since 1970 and predictions for 2020: Focus on low-risk areas. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2256-2264. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; Universitá degli Studi di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Epidemiology; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan 20156 Italy
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute; Nagoya Japan
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca; Milan Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; Universitá degli Studi di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; Universitá degli Studi di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
- Department of Epidemiology; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan 20156 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lo YL, Pan WH, Hsu WL, Chien YC, Chen JY, Hsu MM, Lou PJ, Chen IH, Hildesheim A, Chen CJ. Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis Discovered a Dietary Pattern Inversely Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155892. [PMID: 27249558 PMCID: PMC4889039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the association between dietary component, dietary pattern and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is scarce. A major challenge is the high degree of correlation among dietary constituents. We aimed to identify dietary pattern associated with NPC and to illustrate the dose-response relationship between the identified dietary pattern scores and the risk of NPC. Taking advantage of a matched NPC case–control study, data from a total of 319 incident cases and 319 matched controls were analyzed. Dietary pattern was derived employing partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) performed on energy-adjusted food frequencies derived from a 66-item food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with multiple conditional logistic regression models, linking pattern scores and NPC risk. A high score of the PLS-DA derived pattern was characterized by high intakes of fruits, milk, fresh fish, vegetables, tea, and eggs ordered by loading values. We observed that one unit increase in the scores was associated with a significantly lower risk of NPC (ORadj = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60–0.88) after controlling for potential confounders. Similar results were observed among Epstein-Barr virus seropositive subjects. An NPC protective diet is indicated with more phytonutrient-rich plant foods (fruits, vegetables), milk, other protein-rich foods (in particular fresh fish and eggs), and tea. This information may be used to design potential dietary regimen for NPC prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Li Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (CJC)
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chu Chien
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Chunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mow-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-How Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (CJC)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tay JK, Chan SH, Lim CM, Siow CH, Goh HL, Loh KS. The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Load and Serology as Screening Tools for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:274-80. [PMID: 27143706 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816641038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) among family members has been advocated in endemic populations in view of significantly increased risks. We aimed to compare the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load and EBV IgA serology as tools for screening patients with a first-degree family history of NPC. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum samples were compared from 293 newly diagnosed NPC patients and 475 individuals with a first-degree family history of NPC. EBV DNA load was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgA and EBV early antigen (EA) IgA titers were measured by immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS NPC patients had a significantly higher median EBV DNA load as compared with unaffected family members (835.4 vs 18.8 copies/mL; P < .001). At 100 copies/mL, EBV DNA load demonstrated a sensitivity of 76.8% and a specificity of 85.6%. A positive EBV-EA IgA titer (≥1:10) gave a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 96.4%. There was good correlation between EBV DNA load and EBV serology titers (Spearman's ρ = .536 and .594 for EBV-VCA IgA and EBV-EA IgA, respectively; P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that EBV-VCA IgA and EBV-EA IgA were better classifiers than EBV DNA load (areas under the curve: 0.942, 0.926, and 0.880, respectively) in distinguishing NPC patients and unaffected family members. CONCLUSION EBV DNA load and EBV IgA serology demonstrate good sensitivity and specificity as screening tools. EBV-EA IgA gave the best sensitivity and specificity profile as a screening tool for NPC among high-risk family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore Department of Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Soh Ha Chan
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore World Health Organisation Immunology and Training Research Centre, Singapore
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chor Hiang Siow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Han Lee Goh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kwok Seng Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hung GY, Chen CC, Horng JL, Lin LY. Cancer in adolescents: Incidences and trends during 1995-2009 in Taiwan. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:110-7. [PMID: 26742461 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe cancer incidence rates and trends specifically for adolescents aged 15-19 years during 1995-2009 in Taiwan. The incidence counts and census data were obtained from the population-based Taiwan Cancer Registry. During the 15-year study period, 4122 adolescents were diagnosed with cancer. The overall incidence rate was 155.2 per million person-years. Other epithelial tumors were the most frequently diagnosed cancer group (23.7%), followed by leukemias (18.0%) and lymphomas (13.9%). When compared to rates in Western countries, a significantly low rate of lymphomas was found. Moreover, rates of the subtypes of melanomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas being 1/10- and 4-times rates in Western countries were the most striking variations. During 1995-2009, the overall rate of adolescent cancer did not significantly change. However, the most significant upward and declining trends in incidence rates were found for male germ cell neoplasms (annual percent change, APC, 6.4%) and hepatic tumors (APC, -11.1%), respectively. Further investigation and enhancement of the public discourse of possible lifestyle and environmental risk factors associated with increasing trends of certain adolescent cancers should be carried out in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giun-Yi Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Safavi A, Raad N, Raad N, Ghorbani J. Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Cancers in Iran: A 6-year Report. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4447-50. [PMID: 26028112 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal cancer is a disease with distinct ethnic and geographical distribution. The aim of this review was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of nasopharyngeal cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2009 because no systematic study has been performed to evaluate the trends of its incidence yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were derived from the databases of the National Cancer Data System Registry in the period of 2004-2009. Nasopharyngeal cancers were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Incidence rates and trends were calculated and evaluated by gender, age decade, and histopathology types. RESULTS A total of 1,637 nasopharyngeal cancers were registered in Iran from 2004 to 2009 giving an incidence of 0.38 per 100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 2.08:1. The trend of incidence was found to have increased, with a significant increase observed in males. Undifferentiated carcinoma was the most common histopathology type in all the age decades. CONCLUSIONS Because the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancers in Iran has increased, especially in males, further studies are recommended for understanding of the etiological factors involved in the rise of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Safavi
- Tracheal Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Tracheal Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Irn E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tang LL, Chen WQ, Xue WQ, He YQ, Zheng RS, Zeng YX, Jia WH. Global trends in incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:22-30. [PMID: 26828135 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy with an extraordinarily skewed geographic distribution worldwide. Although decreasing trends in incidence and mortality of NPC have been sporadically reported in some high-risk areas, no comprehensive description of the global trends has ever been made. We accessed incidence (1970-2007) and mortality (1970-2013) data from multiple sources, with the main ones being the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) series and the World Health Organization (WHO) cancer mortality database. During the entire period studied, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of NPC decreased significantly in southern and eastern Asia, north America and Nordic countries with average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of -0.9% to -5.4% in males and -1.1% to -4.1% in females. Declines in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) are even more remarkable and extensive, with AAPCs varying from -0.9% and -0.8% to -3.7% and -6.5% in males and females, respectively. Decreasing trends in NPC incidence are probably due to tobacco control, changes in diets and economic development. Declines in mortality rates are the results of advancements in diagnostic and radiotherapy techniques, as well as decreased incidence rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Tang
- School of Public Health & Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wan-Qing Chen
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control & National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- School of Public Health & Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- School of Public Health & Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rong-Shou Zheng
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control & National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- School of Public Health & Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- School of Public Health & Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wided BAH, Hamouda B, Hamadi H, Mansour BA. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in North Tunisia: negative trends in adults but not adolescents, 1994-2006. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2653-7. [PMID: 25854341 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the second most common neoplasm of head and neck in Tunisia. The distribution is bimodal with a first period occurrence between 15 and 20 years old and a second peak at around 50 years of age. Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharynx type III (UCNT) is the predominant histological type (93.4%). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia confirmed that it is an intermediate risk area for NPC with overall ASRs of 3.6 and 1.6/100,000 respectively in males and females. This study aimed to present the evolution of incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a period of 12 years (1994-2006). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia (NTCR), covering half of the Tunisian population, were used to determine evolution of NPC incidence, calculated by 5 year periods. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. To best summarize the behavior or the data trend across years, we used a join-point regression program. Between 1994 and 2006, we observed negative annual average change of standardized incidence in men and women (-3.3% and -2.7%) also for the standardized incidences which showed a rather important decline (26.4% in males and 22.3% in females). The truncated age standardized incidence rate of NPC in adults aged of 30 years old and more (N=1209) decreased by -0.4% per year from 1994 to 2006 over time in north Tunisia dropping from 6.09 to 4.14 person-years. However, the rate was relatively stable during this period among youths aged 0-29 years (N=233) in both sexes. NPC demonstrated a favorable evolution from 1994-2006 probably due to a improvement in socioeconomic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ayoub Hizem Wided
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology Cancer Registry North of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang C, He J. Clues to Identifying Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8673-84. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
29
|
He YQ, Xue WQ, Shen GP, Tang LL, Zeng YX, Jia WH. Household inhalants exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a large-scale case-control study in Guangdong, China. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1022. [PMID: 26714970 PMCID: PMC4696254 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies show that cigarette smoking increase the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), however, whether other common, potentially adverse household inhalants increase NPC risk remains uncertain. METHODS We conducted a large case-control study to explore the effects of household inhalants, such as incense, mosquito coil, cooking fumes, and wood combustion, on NPC risk. We recruited 1,845 cases and 2,275 controls from Guangdong province, a high-risk area for NPC in China, to obtain the demographic data and relevant exposure information through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS We found that incense burning was associated with NPC risk by comparing frequent incense use with never using incense [OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.73, (1.43, 2.09)]. Wood fuel use was also associated with NPC risk compared with non-wood fire use [OR and 95% CI = 1.95, (1.65, 2.31)]. More intriguingly, we observed a significant addictive interaction between frequent incense burning and heavy cigarette smoking on NPC risk [synergistic index (SI) = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.76]. We also found a significant joint effect between wood fuel use and NPC family history for NPC risk (SI = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.96). However, neither mosquito oil nor cooking fumes were associated with NPC risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that incense smoke is not only the potential independent risk factor but also co-contributes with cigarette smoking to NPC risk. Moreover, wood combustion is another potential environmental risk factor and exerts a joint effect with NPC family history on NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li K, Lin GZ, Shen JC, Zhou Q. Time trends of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in urban Guangzhou over a 12-year period (2000-2011): declines in both incidence and mortality. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9899-903. [PMID: 25520125 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon disease in most countries but occurs with much greater frequency in southern China. This study aimed to examine the secular trends of NPC in urban Guangzhou over the time period of 2000-2011 using data from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted annual incidence rates of NPC were calculated by the direct method using the WHO World Standard Population (1960) as the reference. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. A total of 7,532 new cases of NPC and 3,449 related deaths were registered. In both genders, the peak incidence occurred in the 50- to 59-year age group, and this age distribution pattern remained similar throughout. The AAPC in NPC incidence rates was -3.26% (95% CI: -5.4%--1.1) for males and -5.74% (95% CI: -8.9%--2.5) for females, resulting in a total decrease of 39.3% (from 22.14 to 13.44 per 100,000 population) for males and 48.6% (from 10.1 to 5.18 per 100,000 population) for females over this 12-year period. The AAPCs in NPC mortality rates were -4.62% (95%CI: -3.5%--5.7) for males and -6.75% (95% CI: -5.2%--8.3) for females, resulting in a total decrease of -46.1% (from 12.1 to 6.54 per 100,000 population) for males and 51.7% (from 4.14 to 2.00 per 100,000 population) for females. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of NPC declined during 2000-2011 in urban Guangzhou but remained high. Future efforts to improve prevention, early detection and treatment strategies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Su WH, Chiu CC, Yao Shugart Y. Heterogeneity revealed through meta-analysis might link geographical differences with nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in Han Chinese populations. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:598. [PMID: 26307051 PMCID: PMC4549009 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy highly prevalent in southern China, and incidence rates among Han Chinese people vary according to geographic region. Recently, three independent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) confirmed that HLA-A is the main risk gene for NPC. However, the results of studies conducted in regions with dissimilar incidence rates contradicted the claims that HLA-A is the sole risk gene and that the association of rs29232 is independent of the HLA-A effect in the chromosome 6p21.3 region. Methods We performed a meta-analysis, selecting five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chromosome 6p21.3 mapped in three published GWASs and four case–control studies. The studies involved 8994 patients with NPC and 11,157 healthy controls, all of whom were Han Chinese. Results The rs2517713 SNP located downstream of HLA-A was significantly associated with NPC (P = 1.08 × 10−91, odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.55–0.61). The rs29232 SNP exhibited a moderate level of heterogeneity (I2 = 47 %) that disappeared (I2 = 0 %) after stratification by moderate- and high-incidence NPC regions. Conclusions Our results suggested that the HLA-A gene is strongly associated with NPC risk. In addition, the heterogeneity revealed by the meta-analysis of rs29232 might be associated with regional differences in NPC incidence among Han Chinese people. The higher OR of rs29232 and the fact that rs29232 was independent of the HLA-A effect in the moderate-incidence population suggested that rs29232 might have greater relevance to NPC incidence in a moderate-incidence population than in a high-incidence population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1607-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Cking Chiu
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Division of Intramural Research Programs, Unit on Statistical Genomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chiang CY, Wang TC, Lee CH, Chen CS, Wang SH, Lin YC, Juang SH. WTC-01, a novel synthetic oxime-flavone compound, destabilizes microtubules in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4671-83. [PMID: 26102991 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dynamic polymerization of microtubules is essential for cancer cell growth and metastasis, and microtubule-disrupting agents have become the most successful anti-cancer agents in clinical use. Besides their antioxidant properties, flavonoids also exhibit strong microtubule-disrupting activity and inhibit tumour growth. We have designed, synthesized and tested a series of oxime/amide-containing flavone derivatives. Here we report the evaluation of one compound, WTC-01 for its anti-proliferative effects in human cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a range of cancer cell lines including two human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines, measuring proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, along with caspase levels and mitochondrial membrane potentials. Assays of tubulin polymerisation in vitro and computer modelling of the colchicine binding site in tubulin were also used. In mice, pharmacokinetics and growth of NPC-derived tumours were studied. KEY RESULTS WTC-01 was most potent against proliferation of NPC cells (IC50 = 0.45 μM), inducing accumulation of cells in G2 /M and increasing apoptosis, time- and concentration-dependently. The colchicine competition-binding experiments and computer modelling results suggested that WTC-01 causes microtubule disruption via binding to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin resulting in mitochondrial membrane damage and cell apoptosis via activation of caspase-9/-3 without noticeable activation of the caspase-8. Notably, our in vivo studies demonstrated that at doses of 25 and 50 mg·kg(-1) , WTC-01 exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties and completely inhibited the growth of NPC-TW01 cells in a xenograft nude mouse model. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS WTC-01, a new synthetic oxime-containing flavone, exhibited potent anti-tumour activity against NPC cells and merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tai-Chi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Choa-Hsun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hsieh JCH, Hsu CL, Ng SH, Wang CH, Lee KD, Lu CH, Chang YF, Hsieh RK, Yeh KH, Hsiao CH, Chen SY, Shiau CY, Wang HM. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan: a multicenter prospective Phase II trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:819-27. [PMID: 26056323 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This multicenter Phase II trial evaluated the toxicity/efficacy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Gemcitabine 1250 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on Day 1 were administered at a 3-week interval. The primary endpoint was the response rate. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, response duration and safety. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were recruited between 2004 and 2008. The response rate was 51.9% (complete remission rate, 9.6%) in the intent-to-treat group. The median progression-free and overall survivals were 9.8 and 14.6 months, respectively. The major Grade III/IV adverse event was leucopenia (61.6%). The mean number of cycles was 6.63 ± 0.40. The regimen was well-tolerated, although one treatment-related death occurred after severe sepsis from aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is an effective, well-tolerated regimen as a first-line treatment for recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Ruey-Kuen Hsieh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chi-Huang Hsiao
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Hospital, Taipei
| | - Sheng-Yu Chen
- Cancer Center, Chemoradiotherapy Division, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Ying Shiau
- Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Division, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang LF, Li YH, Xie SH, Ling W, Chen SH, Liu Q, Huang QH, Cao SM. Incidence trend of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 1987 to 2011 in Sihui County, Guangdong Province, South China: an age-period-cohort analysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:350-7. [PMID: 26058679 PMCID: PMC4593377 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In the past several decades, declining incidences of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been observed in Chinese populations in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Los Angeles, and Singapore. A previous study indicated that the incidence of NPC in Sihui County, South China remained stable until 2002, but whether age, diagnosis period, and birth cohort affect the incidence of NPC remains unknown. Methods Age-standardized rates (ASRs) of NPC incidence based on the world standard population were examined in both males and females in Sihui County from 1987 to 2011. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to quantify the changes in incidence trends. A Poisson regression age-period-cohort model was used to assess the effects of age, diagnosis period, and birth cohort on the risk of NPC. Results The ASRs of NPC incidence during the study period were 30.29/100,000 for males and 13.09/100,000 for females. The incidence of NPC remained stable at a non-significant average annual percent change of 0.2% for males and −1.6% for females throughout the entire period. A significantly increased estimated annual percent change of 6.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.1%–14.0%) was observed from 2003 to 2009 for males. The relative risk of NPC increased with advancing age up to 50–59 and decreased at ages >60 years. The period effect curves on NPC were nearly flat for males and females. The birth cohort effect curve for males showed an increase from the 1922 cohort to the 1957 cohort and a decrease thereafter. In females, there was an undulating increase in the relative risk from the 1922 cohort to the 1972 cohort. Conclusions The incidence trends for NPC remained generally stable in Sihui from 1987 to 2011, with an increase from 2003 to 2009. The relative risks of NPC increased in younger females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Sihui Cancer Institute, Sihui, 526200, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Ling
- Sihui Cancer Institute, Sihui, 526200, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Sui-Hong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Qi-Hong Huang
- Sihui Cancer Institute, Sihui, 526200, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The occurrence of cancer is increasing because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors such as smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, and changing reproductive patterns associated with urbanization and economic development. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, about 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide. Over the years, the burden has shifted to less developed countries, which currently account for about 57% of cases and 65% of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among males in both more and less developed countries, and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries; breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Other leading causes of cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal cancer among males and females and prostate cancer among males. In less developed countries, liver and stomach cancer among males and cervical cancer among females are also leading causes of cancer death. Although incidence rates for all cancers combined are nearly twice as high in more developed than in less developed countries in both males and females, mortality rates are only 8% to 15% higher in more developed countries. This disparity reflects regional differences in the mix of cancers, which is affected by risk factors and detection practices, and/or the availability of treatment. Risk factors associated with the leading causes of cancer death include tobacco use (lung, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer), overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (breast and colorectal cancer), and infection (liver, stomach, and cervical cancer). A substantial portion of cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Torre
- Epidemiologist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xie SH, Yu ITS, Tse LA, Au JSK, Wang F, Lau JSM, Zhang B. Domestic incense burning and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Hong Kong Chinese. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:751-756. [PMID: 25124928 DOI: 10.1002/em.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Incense burning is a powerful producer of carcinogens and has been considered as a risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We conducted a case-control study and case-only analyses to investigate the effect of incense burning and its interaction with genetic background on NPC risk among Hong Kong Chinese. Between June 2010 and December 2012, we recruited 352 incident cases of NPC and 410 controls. We collected information on lifelong practice of domestic incense burning via interviews and genotyped 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes. We observed an increased NPC risk associated with daily burning in women [Adjusted OR = 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33, 4.66] but not in men. The adjusted OR for daily burning with poor ventilation was 2.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 4.24), while that with good ventilation was 1.35 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.98). Interactions between 2 SNPs (rs2074517 and rs4771436) and incense burning were significantly associated with NPC risk and tended to have a SNP exposure-response effect. Evidence for gene-environment interactions supported the knowledge that NPC is a multi-factorial disease resulting from the joint effects of environmental exposures and inherited susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Xie
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tsao SW, Yip YL, Tsang CM, Pang PS, Lau VMY, Zhang G, Lo KW. Etiological factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:330-8. [PMID: 24630258 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common disease among southern Chinese. The major etiological factors proposed for NPC pathogenesis include genetic susceptibility, environment factors and EBV infection. In the high risk population, genetic susceptibility to NPC has been mapped to the HLA loci and adjacent genes in MHC region on chromosome 6p21. Consumption of preserved food including salted fish has been implicated in its etiology in earlier studies. Its contribution to pathogenesis of NPC remains to be determined. A decreasing trend of NPC incidence was observed in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore in recent years which may be accounted by a change of dietary habits. A comprehensive epidemiological study will help to elucidate the relative importance of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of NPC. Despite the close association of EBV infection with NPC, the etiological role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis remains enigmatic. EBV infection in primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells is uncommon and difficult to achieve. EBV does not transform primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into proliferative clones, which contrasts greatly with the well-documented ability of EBV to transform and immortalize primary B cells. Genetic alterations identified in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium may play crucial roles to support stable EBV infection. Subsequently, latent and lytic EBV gene products may drive clonal expansion and transformation of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into cancer cells. Stromal inflammation in nasopharyngeal mucosa is believed to play an important role in modulating the growth and possibly drive the malignant transformation of EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Furthermore, there are increasing evidences supporting a role of EBV infection to evade host immune surveillance. EBV-infected cells may have selective growth advantages in vivo by acquiring a stress-resistance phenotype. Understanding the etiological factors and pathogenesis of NPC will contribute effectively to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yim Ling Yip
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Pei Shin Pang
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Victoria Ming Yi Lau
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Guitao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tay JK, Lim MY, Kanagalingam J. Screening in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Strategies and Future Directions. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-013-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
39
|
Laura Itriago G, Nicolas Silva I, Giovanna Cortes F. Cancer en Chile y el mundo: Una mirada epidemiologica, presente y futuro. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(13)70195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
40
|
Lau HY, Leung CM, Chan YH, Lee AWM, Kwong DLW, Lung ML, Lam TH. Secular trends of salted fish consumption and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multi-jurisdiction ecological study in 8 regions from 3 continents. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:298. [PMID: 23782497 PMCID: PMC3729410 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite salted fish being a classical risk factor of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), whether secular trends in salted fish consumption worldwide accounted for changes in NPC rates were unknown. The relationship between vegetable and cigarette consumption to NPC risk worldwide were also largely uncertain. We investigated the longitudinal trends in standardised NPC incidence/mortality rates across 8 regions and their associations with secular trends in salted fish, vegetable and tobacco consumptions. METHODS Age standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC were obtained from the WHO cancer mortality database and Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Per capita consumption of salted fish, tobacco and vegetables in Hong Kong and 7 countries (China, Finland, Japan, Portugal, Singapore, United Kingdom and United States) were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO) and Hong Kong Trade and Census Statistics. Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis were performed to examine both crude and adjusted associations. RESULTS There were markedly decreasing trends of NPC ASIR and ASMR in Hong Kong over the past three decades, which were correlated with corresponding secular changes in salted fish consumption per capita (Pearson r for 10 cumulative years : ASIR = 0.729 (male), 0.674 (female); ASMR = 0.943 (male), 0.622 (female), all p < 0.05 except for female ASMR). However such associations no longer correlated with adjustments for decreasing tobacco and increasing vegetable consumption per capita (Pearson r for 10 cumulative years: ASIR = 2.007 (male), 0.339 (female), ASMR = 0.289 (male), 1.992 (female), all p > 0.05). However, there were no clear or consistent patterns in relations between NPC ASIR and ASMR with salted fish consumption across 7 regions in 3 continents. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the notion that changes in salted fish consumption had played an important role in explaining secular trends of NPC rates in Hong Kong and worldwide. Further studies should explore other lifestyle and genetic factors. However, our findings do support the potentially protective effects of vegetable consumption against NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Ying Lau
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit-Ming Leung
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yap-Hang Chan
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Epidemiology Group, Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Hong Kong RGC Area of Excellence Scheme, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu SJ, Chiang CJ, Lin CT, Tien HF, Lai MS. Improving but inferior survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in taiwan: a population-based study, 1990-2004. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62930. [PMID: 23638168 PMCID: PMC3634739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is much less prevalent in Asian countries. Whether there are differences in survival outcomes between the East and West, however, remain unclear. METHODS The survival data for CLL patients identified in the Taiwan Cancer Registry database between 1990 and 2004, together with corresponding data in the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, were retrieved. The relative survivals (RS, adjusted for the expected survival in the general population) were estimated in patients diagnosed in three 5-year periods of time. RESULTS CLL drastically shortened patients' life expectancy; more importantly, this negative impact in Taiwan was much larger than that in the US: the 5-year RS in Taiwan and US were 59% and 76%, and the 10-year RS, 45% and 56%, respectively. Nevertheless, survival in Taiwan was better in the periods after 1995 (5-year RS, from 53.0% to 60.6%), a time period corresponding to the introduction of the Taiwan National Health Insurance scheme. Such improvement was largely due to decreased mortality in patients younger than 65 (5-year RS, from 53.5% to 69.1%). Despite the improvement, patients' RS in Taiwan in recent periods remain steadily 15∼20% inferior to that in the US in both younger and older patient groups. CONCLUSIONS The improved RS in Taiwan implies that therapeutic advances are changing the prognosis of CLL. The stable RS gap between Taiwanese and the US patients suggests the existence of an ethnic difference in CLL patients' outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ju Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu Q, Chen JO, Huang QH, Li YH. Trends in the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma between 1976 and 2005 in Sihui, China: a population-based study. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 32:325-33. [PMID: 23237219 PMCID: PMC3845618 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.012.10189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Both the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have decreased in Hong Kong and Taiwan but not in mainland China. The goal of this study was to analyze trends in NPC patient survival between 1976 and 2005 in Sihui, an area of mainland China with a population at high risk for NPC. A total of 1,761 patients diagnosed with NPC between 1976 and 2005 according to the records of Sihui Cancer Registry were followed to the end of 2006. We determined their observed and relative survival rates and used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to predict prognosis. Our results showed that the 5-year and 10-year observed survival rates of NPC patients in Sihui were 50.5% and 36.9%, respectively, and the median survival time was 5.1 years. The 5-year observed survival rate of NPC patients diagnosed after 2000 was 69.8%, significantly higher than that of patients diagnosed between 1976 and 1985 (42.5%; P < 0.001, relative risk = 0.28). Similarly, the 5-year relative survival rate was 84.8% between 2000 and 2005 but 51.8% between 1976 and 1985. Besides date of diagnosis, other prognostic factors included patient sex and age and NPC clinical stage and histologic type. The relative risks of death from NPC were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–0.90] for female comparing to male and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.00–1.64) for WHO type I comparing to WHO types II and III. For the eldest age group and the latest clinical stage group, the relative risks were 2.22 (95% CI: 1.73–2.84) and 3.41 (95% CI: 2.34–4.49), respectively. Our results indicate that the survival of NPC patients in Sihui has significantly increased in recent years and this increase is not influenced by patient's sex, age, histologic type, and clinical stage. A reduction in mortality rate is expected in coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cao SM, Simons MJ, Qian CN. The prevalence and prevention of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:114-9. [PMID: 21272443 PMCID: PMC4013340 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.010.10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC and to propose possible causes for the high incidence patterns in southern China. Since the etiology of NPC is not completely understood, approaches to primary prevention of NPC remain under consideration. This situation highlights the need to conduct secondary prevention, including improving rates of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment in NPC patients. Since the 1970's, high-risk populations in southern China have been screened extensively for early detection of NPC using anti–Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serum biomarkers. This review summarizes several large screening studies that have been conducted in the high-incidence areas of China. Screening markers, high-risk age range for screening, time intervals for blood re-examination, and the effectiveness of these screening studies will be discussed. Conduction of prospective randomized controlled screening trials in southern China can be expected to maximize the cost-effectiveness of early NPC detection screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Trial Study Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xie SH, Gong J, Yang NN, Tse LA, Yan YQ, Yu ITS. Time trends and age–period–cohort analyses on incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma during 1993–2007 in Wuhan, China. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:8-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
45
|
Non-viral environmental risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:117-26. [PMID: 22311401 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to systematically summarize the epidemiological studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) conducted over the past half century, covering descriptive epidemiological studies and reports on non-viral risk factors. Multiple lines of epidemiologic evidence for established risk factors are systematically presented in comprehensive tables. The potential interactions among environmental factors and genetic components, and also the impacts of parallel sequencing technology on the aetiology of NPC are discussed. Finally, we propose a modified model for the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on the current knowledge.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The global burden of cancer continues to increase largely because of the aging and growth of the world population alongside an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors, particularly smoking, in economically developing countries. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths are estimated to have occurred in 2008; of these, 56% of the cases and 64% of the deaths occurred in the economically developing world. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females, accounting for 23% of the total cancer cases and 14% of the cancer deaths. Lung cancer is the leading cancer site in males, comprising 17% of the total new cancer cases and 23% of the total cancer deaths. Breast cancer is now also the leading cause of cancer death among females in economically developing countries, a shift from the previous decade during which the most common cause of cancer death was cervical cancer. Further, the mortality burden for lung cancer among females in developing countries is as high as the burden for cervical cancer, with each accounting for 11% of the total female cancer deaths. Although overall cancer incidence rates in the developing world are half those seen in the developed world in both sexes, the overall cancer mortality rates are generally similar. Cancer survival tends to be poorer in developing countries, most likely because of a combination of a late stage at diagnosis and limited access to timely and standard treatment. A substantial proportion of the worldwide burden of cancer could be prevented through the application of existing cancer control knowledge and by implementing programs for tobacco control, vaccination (for liver and cervical cancers), and early detection and treatment, as well as public health campaigns promoting physical activity and a healthier dietary intake. Clinicians, public health professionals, and policy makers can play an active role in accelerating the application of such interventions globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hsu WL, Yu KJ, Chien YC, Chiang CJ, Cheng YJ, Chen JY, Liu MY, Chou SP, You SL, Hsu MM, Lou PJ, Wang CP, Hong JH, Leu YS, Tsai MH, Su MC, Tsai ST, Chao WY, Ger LP, Chen PR, Yang CS, Hildesheim A, Diehl SR, Chen CJ. Familial tendency and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in taiwan: effects of covariates on risk. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:292-9. [PMID: 21148719 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the authors compared the long-term risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) of male participants in an NPC multiplex family cohort with that of controls in a community cohort in Taiwan after adjustment for anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seromarkers and cigarette smoking. A total of 43 incident NPC cases were identified from the 1,019 males in the NPC multiplex family cohort and the 9,622 males in the community cohort, for a total of 8,061 person-years and 185,587 person-years, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio was 6.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3, 20.1) for the multiplex family cohort compared with the community cohort. In the evaluation of anti-EBV viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin A and anti-EBV deoxyribonuclease, the adjusted hazard ratios were 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3, 6.0) and 15.1 (95% CI: 4.2, 54.1) for those positive for 1 EBV seromarker and positive for both seromarkers, respectively, compared with those negative for both EBV seromarkers. The adjusted hazard ratio was 31.0 (95% CI: 9.7, 98.7) for participants who reported a family history of NPC and who were anti-EBV-seropositive compared with individuals without such a history who were anti-EBV-seronegative. The findings suggest that both family history of NPC and anti-EBV seropositivity are important determinants of subsequent NPC risk and that the effect of family history on NPC risk cannot be fully explained by mediation through EBV serologic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
The incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Taiwan, 1986-2005: a distinct increasing trend with birth-cohort effect. Blood 2010; 116:4430-5. [PMID: 20713960 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-285221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in Taiwan is markedly lower than that in Western countries, but we have seen a drastically increasing trend. We explored this distinct incidence trend of CLL for Taiwanese. The epidemiologic data of CLL for Taiwanese and Caucasian Americans during 1986 to 2005 were obtained from the Taiwan National Cancer Registry and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, respectively. The individual effects of time period and birth cohort on the incidence trends were analyzed using an age-period-cohort model. Although there was a weak period effect corresponding to the increased applications of immunophenotyping in 1991 to 1995 in Taiwan, evidences suggested that the age-adjusted incidence rate of CLL for Taiwanese was continuously increasing during the 20-year period while that for Caucasian Americans remained steady. In addition, a much stronger birth-cohort effect was identified for Taiwanese but not for Caucasian Americans. This effect corresponded to the westernization of lifestyle in Taiwan since 1960. We conclude that, in addition to the ethnic difference of incidence, there is distinct increasing incidence trend of CLL in Taiwan. The strong birth-cohort effect underlying this increasing trend indicates that lifestyles and environmental factors may play a role in the development of CLL for Taiwanese.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lin ML, Lu YC, Chung JG, Li YC, Wang SG, NG SH, Wu CY, Su HL, Chen SS. Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via caspase-8-mediated activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Cancer Lett 2010; 291:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
50
|
Lee LJH, Chang YY, Wang JD. Impact of malignant mesothelioma in Taiwan: a 27-year review of population-based cancer registry data. Lung Cancer 2009; 68:16-9. [PMID: 19535165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of malignant mesothelioma (MM) in Taiwan; to evaluate the impact of the condition. METHODS The Taiwan Cancer Registry Database was used to retrieve the cases of MM registered from 1979 to 2005. Only cases of histopathologically verified MM were included. For evaluating the impact of MM, the cancer sites of the pleura and peritoneum (ICD-O codes 163 and 158, respectively) were used for statistical analysis and estimation of the expected years of life lost (EYLL). Their survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and extrapolated to obtain the EYLL using the Monte Carlo simulation by borrowing information from gender- and age-matched populations in Taiwan. RESULTS A total of 423 cases of MM were included; MM of the pleura and peritoneum accounted for 91% of all cases (387/423). The median survival of pleural and peritoneal MM was 7.6 and 13.5 months for males and females, respectively. The incidence of MM increased during the observation period. A total of 232 males and 155 females diagnosed with MM were used for estimation of EYLL: 14.8 [95% Confidence Interval: 13.1-16.6] life years for males and 13.7 [11.2-16.2] life years for females. CONCLUSION The increasing incidence and significant EYLL for MM were observed for both males and females during 1979-2005 in Taiwan, although under-diagnosis and under-estimation were likely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|