1
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Gršković P, Korać P. Circadian Gene Variants in Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1703. [PMID: 37761843 PMCID: PMC10531145 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a self-sustaining 24 h cycle that regulates physiological processes within the body, including cycles of alertness and sleepiness. Cells have their own intrinsic clock, which consists of several proteins that regulate the circadian rhythm of each individual cell. The core of the molecular clock in human cells consists of four main circadian proteins that work in pairs. The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer and the PER-CRY heterodimer each regulate the other pair's expression, forming a negative feedback loop. Several other proteins are involved in regulating the expression of the main circadian genes, and can therefore also influence the circadian rhythm of cells. This review focuses on the existing knowledge regarding circadian gene variants in both the main and secondary circadian genes, and their association with various diseases, such as tumors, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Korać
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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2
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Zhu WZ, He QY, Feng DC, Wei Q, Yang L. Circadian rhythm in prostate cancer: time to take notice of the clock. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:184-191. [PMID: 36073562 PMCID: PMC10069698 DOI: 10.4103/aja202255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an evolutionary molecular product that is associated with better adaptation to changes in the external environment. Disruption of the circadian rhythm plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of many kinds of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Integrating circadian rhythm into PCa research not only brings a closer understanding of the mechanisms of PCa but also provides new and effective options for the precise treatment of patients with PCa. This review begins with patterns of the circadian clock, highlights the role of the disruption of circadian rhythms in PCa at the epidemiological and molecular levels, and discusses possible new approaches to PCa therapy that target the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi-Ying He
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - De-Chao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Zhang T, Liu M, Yang Y, Wang K, Zhao H, Pan C. An upstream deletion polymorphism within the goat Period circadian regulator 1 ( PER1) gene was associated with growth traits. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-6. [PMID: 34812688 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1998091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Period circadian regulator (PER) gene family, including PER1, PER2 and PER3, codes transcriptional repressors which could accurately control biological rhythms. PER1/2 gene was proved to be associated with bone mass and PER1 gene was associated with insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 3 (IGFBP3) levels in serum. However, it was few studies reported genetic effects of PER gene on growth traits at the individual level. In this study, we identified the potential insertion/deletion (indel) loci in PER1/2/3 gene, and then explored the relationship between goat growth traits and the frequency of genotype in Shaanbei white cashmere goats (n = 827). As a result, a 9 bp indel within PER1 gene (g.27528003-27528011 del.TGCTGCTGC; rs642467689) was identified using molecular biology techniques. In addition, there existed significant correlation between the 9 bp indel and body height, height at hip cross, chest depth, body length index and cannon circumference index of goats. These results suggested that the 9 bp indel variation in PER1 gene was associated with goat growth traits, providing the theoretical basic for the role of PER1 gene in goat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Modian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yuta Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
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4
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Fores-Martos J, Cervera-Vidal R, Sierra-Roca J, Lozano-Asencio C, Fedele V, Cornelissen S, Edvarsen H, Tadeo-Cervera I, Eroles P, Lluch A, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Falcó A, Van't Veer LJ, Schmidt M, Quigley DA, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen VN, Balmain A, Climent J. Circadian PERformance in breast cancer: a germline and somatic genetic study of PER3 VNTR polymorphisms and gene co-expression. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:118. [PMID: 34508103 PMCID: PMC8433453 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the PER3 gene have been associated with several human disease phenotypes, including sleep disorders and cancer. In particular, the long allele of a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism has been previously linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Here we carried out a combined germline and somatic genetic analysis of the role of the PER3VNRT polymorphism in breast cancer. The combined data from 8284 individuals showed a non-significant trend towards increased breast cancer risk in the 5-repeat allele homozygous carriers (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97–1.42). We observed allelic imbalance at the PER3 locus in matched blood and tumor DNA samples, showing a significant retention of the long variant (risk) allele in tumor samples, and a preferential loss of the short repetition allele (p = 0.0005). Gene co-expression analysis in healthy and tumoral breast tissue samples uncovered significant associations between PER3 expression levels with those from genes which belong to several cancer-associated pathways. Finally, relapse-free survival (RFS) analysis showed that low expression levels of PER3 were linked to a significant lower RSF in luminal A (p = 3 × 10−12) but not in the rest of breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Fores-Martos
- ESI International Chair at CEU-UCH, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Lozano-Asencio
- INCLIVA Research Institute. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vita Fedele
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hege Edvarsen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Tadeo-Cervera
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera. CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- INCLIVA Research Institute. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- INCLIVA Research Institute. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafa Tabares-Seisdedos
- Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Falcó
- ESI International Chair at CEU-UCH, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Ciencias Tecnológicas, Escuela Superior de Enseñanzas Técnicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjanka Schmidt
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera. CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - David A Quigley
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Departments of Urology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Allan Balmain
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joan Climent
- ESI International Chair at CEU-UCH, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain. .,INCLIVA Research Institute. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera. CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Lopes-Júnior LC, Veronez LC. Circadian rhythms disruption in cancer. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1951470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health in Sciences. Health Sciences Center at the Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- BSc in Biology., Ph.D. In Immunology. Post-doctoral Fellow at the Department of Childcare and Pediatrics at the Ribeirão PretoMedical School at the University of São Paulo (USP). (FMRP-USP)., Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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6
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Goldberg LR, Kirkpatrick SL, Yazdani N, Luttik KP, Lacki OA, Babbs RK, Jenkins DF, Johnson WE, Bryant CD. Casein kinase 1-epsilon deletion increases mu opioid receptor-dependent behaviors and binge eating1. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:725-738. [PMID: 28594147 PMCID: PMC6180211 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that casein kinase 1 epsilon (Csnk1e) contributes to psychostimulant, opioid, and ethanol motivated behaviors. We previously used pharmacological inhibition to demonstrate that Csnk1e negatively regulates the locomotor stimulant properties of opioids and psychostimulants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Csnk1e negatively regulates opioid and psychostimulant reward using genetic inhibition and the conditioned place preference assay in Csnk1e knockout mice. Similar to pharmacological inhibition, Csnk1e knockout mice showed enhanced opioid-induced locomotor activity with the mu opioid receptor agonist fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg i.p.) as well as enhanced sensitivity to low-dose fentanyl reward (0.05 mg/kg). Interestingly, female knockout mice also showed a markedly greater escalation in consumption of sweetened palatable food - a behavioral pattern consistent with binge eating that also depends on mu opioid receptor activation. No difference was observed in fentanyl analgesia in the 52.5°C hot plate assay (0-0.4 mg/kg), naloxone conditioned place aversion (4 mg/kg), or methamphetamine conditioned place preference (0-4 mg/kg). To identify molecular adaptations associated with increased drug and food behaviors in knockout mice, we completed transcriptome analysis via mRNA sequencing of the striatum. Enrichment analysis identified terms associated with myelination and axon guidance and pathway analysis identified a differentially expressed gene set predicted to be regulated by the Wnt signaling transcription factor, Tcf7l2. To summarize, Csnk1e deletion increased mu opioid receptor-dependent behaviors, supporting previous studies indicating an endogenous negative regulatory role of Csnk1e in opioid behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Goldberg
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stacey L. Kirkpatrick
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Neema Yazdani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Luttik
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Olga A. Lacki
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - R. Keith Babbs
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - David F. Jenkins
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W. Evan Johnson
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
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7
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Samulin Erdem J, Skare Ø, Petersen-Øverleir M, Notø HØ, Lie JAS, Reszka E, Pepłońska B, Zienolddiny S. Mechanisms of Breast Cancer in Shift Workers: DNA Methylation in Five Core Circadian Genes in Nurses Working Night Shifts. J Cancer 2017; 8:2876-2884. [PMID: 28928877 PMCID: PMC5604437 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work has been suggested to be associated with breast cancer risk, and circadian disruption in shift workers is hypothesized as one of the mechanisms of increased cancer risk. There is, however, insufficient molecular evidence supporting this hypothesis. Using the quantitative methodology of pyrosequencing, epigenetic changes in 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) in five circadian genes CLOCK, BMAL1, CRY1, PER1 and PER2 in female nurses working night shift work (278 breast cancer cases, 280 controls) were analyzed. In breast cancer cases, a medium exposure to night work was associated with increased methylation levels of the CLOCK (p=0.050), BMAL1 (p=0.001) and CRY1 (p=0.040) genes, compared with controls. Within the cases, analysis of the effects of shift work on the methylation patterns showed that methylation of CRY1 was lower in those who had worked night shift and had a high exposure (p=0.006) compared with cases that had worked only days. For cases with a medium exposure to night work, an increase in BMAL1 (p=0.003) and PER1 (p=0.035) methylation was observed compared with day working (unexposed) cases. The methylation levels of the five core circadian genes were also analyzed in relation to the estrogen and progesterone receptors status of the tumors in the cases, and no correlations were observed. Furthermore, nineteen polymorphisms in the five circadian genes were assessed for their effects on the methylation levels of the respective genes, but no associations were found. In summary, our data suggest that epigenetic regulation of CLOCK, BMAL1, CRY1 and PER1 may contribute to breast cancer in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin Erdem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, 0363, Norway
| | - Øivind Skare
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, 0363, Norway
| | - Marte Petersen-Øverleir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, 0363, Norway
| | - Heidi Ødegaard Notø
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, 0363, Norway
| | - Jenny-Anne S Lie
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, 0363, Norway
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Pepłońska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, 0363, Norway
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8
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Wendeu-Foyet MG, Menegaux F. Circadian Disruption and Prostate Cancer Risk: An Updated Review of Epidemiological Evidences. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:985-991. [PMID: 28377415 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph in 2007 classifying night shift work leading to a disruption of circadian rhythm as probably carcinogenic to humans, there is an increasingly growing interest in understanding how circadian disruption may play a role in cancer development.This systematic review provides a comprehensive update on epidemiologic evidences on circadian disruption and prostate cancer since the last review published in 2012. We identified 12 new studies evaluating the effects of several circadian disruptors such as night shift work, sleep patterns, and circadian genes in prostate cancer risk. In contrast, no new studies have focused on exposure to light at night.Several convincing and biologically plausible hypotheses have been proposed to understand how circadian disruption may be related to cancer. However, the current difficulty of concluding on the role of circadian disruption on prostate cancer risk requires further studies including a better characterization of the different night shift systems, data on sleep patterns and chronotype, measurement of biomarkers, and investigations of polymorphisms in the genes regulating the biological clock. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 985-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méyomo G Wendeu-Foyet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and Environment, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and Environment, Villejuif, France.
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9
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Fideleff HL, Fideleff G, Boquete HR, Suárez M, Azaretzky M. Male-female differences in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in hypopituitary patients. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2016; 60:223-30. [PMID: 26886086 PMCID: PMC10522305 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate melatonin secretion in adult hypopituitary patients with Growth Hormone deficiency (AGHD) on and off replacement therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied 48 subjects: 12 (6 males) untreated AGHD (AGHDnt), 20 (10 males) treated AGHD (AGHDt) and 16 healthy subjects (8 males) as control group (CG). We measured urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SM) in total (24 h samples), nocturnal (6-SMn): 1800-0800 and diurnal samples (6-SMd): 0800-1800. RESULTS Significant differences were observed among the 3 groups of male subjects, in total 6-SM (p < 0.05), nocturnal 6-SM (p < 0.02) and nighttime-daytime delta values (p < 0.003). CG had significantly higher values than the AGHDnt in total 6-SM (p < 0.01), nocturnal 6-SM (p < 0.05) and nighttime-daytime delta values (p < 0.01). AGHDt patients showed significantly higher levels in nighttime-daytime delta values than AGHDnt patients (p < 0.05). In females, no significant differences were found among the 3 groups studied in total, nocturnal, diurnal or nighttime-daytime delta values. In males, significant correlations were found among total 6-SM (r = 0.58; p = 0.029), nocturnal 6-SM (r = 0.70; p = 0.006) and nighttime-daytime delta values (r = 0.71; p = 0.004) vs. serum IGF-1 levels in subjects evaluated. In females, significant correlations were found among total 6-SM (r = 0.57; p = 0.02) vs. serum IGF-1 levels in subjects evaluated. A tendency towards a significant correlation was found in diurnal 6-SM (r = 0.48; p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a sexual dimorphism in 6-SM excretion in AGHD patients and provide an interesting approach to a further understanding of some chronobiological disorders involved in GH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo L. Fideleff
- Unidad de EndocrinologíaDepartamento de MedicinaHospital T. AlvarezBuenos AiresArgentinaUnidad de Endocrinología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital T. Alvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Fideleff
- Unidad de EndocrinologíaDepartamento de MedicinaHospital T. AlvarezBuenos AiresArgentinaUnidad de Endocrinología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital T. Alvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo R. Boquete
- Unidad de EndocrinologíaDepartamento de MedicinaHospital T. AlvarezBuenos AiresArgentinaUnidad de Endocrinología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital T. Alvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martha Suárez
- Unidad de EndocrinologíaDepartamento de MedicinaHospital T. AlvarezBuenos AiresArgentinaUnidad de Endocrinología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital T. Alvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Azaretzky
- Unidad de EndocrinologíaDepartamento de MedicinaHospital T. AlvarezBuenos AiresArgentinaUnidad de Endocrinología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital T. Alvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Kim J, Kim H, Ku SY, Suh CS, Kim JH, Kim JG. Polymorphisms in period genes and bone response to hormone therapy in postmenopausal Korean women. Climacteric 2015; 19:85-90. [PMID: 26624862 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1115476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore the association between polymorphisms in the period (PER) gene and bone response to hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS The PER1 c.2284C > G, c.2247C > T, PER2 c.3731G > A, PER3 c.2592G > A, c.3083T > C polymorphisms, and PER3 54bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) were analyzed in 509 postmenopausal Korean women who received HT. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck before and after 1 year of HT and serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) and bone turnover markers were measured after 6 months of HT. RESULTS The PER1 c.2884 C > G polymorphism and PER3 54bp VNTR were associated with annual percent changes in BMD of the femoral neck after 1 year of HT (p < 0.05). Changes in BMD at the femoral neck in the non-CC genotype of the PER1 c.2884C > G polymorphism and in the 4-repeat homozygote of PER3 54bp VNTR were significantly lower than those in CC genotype and non-4-repeat homozygote, respectively. The PER1 c.2884C > G polymorphism was associated with the non-response (>3% BMD loss/year after HT) of HT. The non-CC genotype of the PER1 c.2884C > G polymorphism showed a 1.92-times higher risk of non-response at the lumbar spine and/or femoral neck (p = 0.01) compared with the CC genotype. No significant changes in bone markers after 6 months of HT were noted according to the PER1 c.2884C > G polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS The PER1 c.2884C > G polymorphism may be associated with risk of non-response to HT in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cha Gangnam Hospital , Cha University , Seoul , Korea
| | - H Kim
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Korea ;,c Biomedical Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - S-Y Ku
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Korea ;,c Biomedical Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - C S Suh
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Korea ;,c Biomedical Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - J H Kim
- d Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - J G Kim
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Korea ;,d Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
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11
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Kumar S, Deb R, Singh U, Ganguly I, Mandal DK, Tyagi S, Kumar M, Sengar G, Sharma S, Singh R, Singh R. Bovine Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) and Clusterin (CLU) mRNA Quantitation in Ejaculated Crossbred Bull Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:505-9. [PMID: 25845404 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene encodes a transcription factor that affects both the persistence and the period of circadian rhythms. Earlier reports suggested that CLOCK gene might be associated with male infertility in human. Present investigation, for the first time, reports that CLOCK gene expresses differentially between good and poor quality crossbred bull semen. The relative expression of CLOCK was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among good quality bull semen than motility-impaired ones. Clusterins (CLU) are series of genes associated with a variety of physiological activities including spermatogenesis, apoptosis and degenerative disease conditions. In the present context, we also investigated that the expression of CLU gene was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among motility-impaired crossbred bull semen compared to the good quality one.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, India
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12
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Kim H, Koh H, Ku SY, Kim SH, Kim JH, Kim JG. Association between polymorphisms in period genes and bone density in postmenopausal Korean women. Climacteric 2014; 17:605-12. [PMID: 24678593 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.905527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in period (PER) genes and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS The PER1 c.2247C> T and c.2884C> G polymorphisms; the PER2 c.661G> A and c.3731G> A polymorphisms; the PER3 c.2592G> A, c.3029C> T, c.3035C> T, and c.3083T> C polymorphisms, and the 54 bp variable number tandem repeats polymorphism were analyzed in 551 postmenopausal Korean women. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor, osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand, and bone markers including bone alkaline phosphatase and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were measured, and the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were also determined. RESULTS The PER2 c.661G> A, PER3 c.3029C> T and c.3035C> T polymorphisms were not observed. The PER2 and PER3 polymorphisms evaluated were not related to BMD, whereas associations of the c.2247C> T and c.2884C> G polymorphisms in PER1 with the lumbar spine BMD were observed both singly and in combination. The CC haplotype homozygotes showed significantly lower lumbar spine BMD than participants with other genotypes. Additionally, 2.01-fold higher odds for osteoporosis of the lumbar spine were found in the CC haplotype homozygotes compared to women not carrying the haplotype CC allele. No significant differences in bone markers were detected according to the PER1 haplotype genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that both the PER1 c.2247C> T and c.2884C> G polymorphisms may be genetic factors affecting the lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- * Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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Abstract
Humans as diurnal beings are active during the day and rest at night. This daily oscillation of behavior and physiology is driven by an endogenous circadian clock not environmental cues. In modern societies, changes in lifestyle have led to a frequent disruption of the endogenous circadian homeostasis leading to increased risk of various diseases including cancer. The clock is operated by the feedback loops of circadian genes and controls daily physiology by coupling cell proliferation and metabolism, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in peripheral tissues with physical activity, energy homeostasis, immune and neuroendocrine functions at the organismal level. Recent studies have revealed that defects in circadian genes due to targeted gene ablation in animal models or single nucleotide polymorphism, deletion, deregulation and/or epigenetic silencing in humans are closely associated with increased risk of cancer. In addition, disruption of circadian rhythm can disrupt the molecular clock in peripheral tissues in the absence of circadian gene mutations. Circadian disruption has recently been recognized as an independent cancer risk factor. Further study of the mechanism of clock-controlled tumor suppression will have a significant impact on human health by improving the efficiencies of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kettner
- Department of Pediatrics/U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/ Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA
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Menegaux F, Anger A, Randrianasolo H, Mulot C, Laurent-Puig P, Iborra F, Bringer JP, Leizour B, Thuret R, Lamy PJ, Rébillard X, Trétarre B. Epidemiological study of prostate cancer (EPICAP): a population-based case-control study in France. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:106. [PMID: 24552491 PMCID: PMC3936778 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in male in most Western countries, including France. Despite a significant morbidity and mortality to a lesser extent, the etiology of prostate cancer remains largely unknown. Indeed, the only well-established risk factors to date are age, ethnicity and a family history of prostate cancer. We present, here, the rationale and design of the EPIdemiological study of Prostate CAncer (EPICAP), a population-based case-control study specifically designed to investigate the role of environmental and genetic factors in prostate cancer. The EPICAP study will particularly focused on the role of circadian disruption, chronic inflammation, hormonal and metabolic factors in the occurrence of prostate cancer. METHODS/DESIGN EPICAP is a population-based case-control study conducted in the département of Hérault in France. Eligible cases are all cases of prostate cancers newly diagnosed in 2012-2013 in men less than 75 years old and residing in the département of Hérault at the time of diagnosis. Controls are men of the same age as the cases and living in the département of Hérault, recruited in the general population.The sample will include a total of 1000 incident cases of prostate cancer and 1000 population-based controls over a 3-year period (2012-2014).The cases and controls are face-to-face interviewed using a standardized computed assisted questionnaire. The questions focus primarily on usual socio-demographic characteristics, personal and family medical history, lifestyle, leisure activities, residential and occupational history. Anthropometric measures and biological samples are also collected for cases and controls. DISCUSSION The EPICAP study aims to answer key questions in prostate cancer etiology: (1) role of circadian disruption through the study of working hours, chronotype and duration/quality of sleep, (2) role of chronic inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs, (3) role of hormonal and metabolic factors through a detailed questionnaire, (4) role of individual genetic susceptibility of genes involved in biological pathways of interest. The EPICAP study will also allow us to study prognostic factors and tumor aggressiveness.Taken together, the EPICAP study will provide a comprehensive framework to go further in the understanding of prostate cancer occurrence and its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Menegaux
- INSERM U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Team, 16av, Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cédex, France.
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Madden MH, Anic GM, Thompson RC, Nabors LB, Olson JJ, Browning JE, Monteiro AN, Egan KM. Circadian pathway genes in relation to glioma risk and outcome. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:25-32. [PMID: 24135790 PMCID: PMC3947318 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is growing evidence that circadian disruption may alter risk and aggressiveness of cancer. We evaluated common genetic variants in the circadian gene pathway for associations with glioma risk and patient outcome in a US clinic-based case-control study. METHODS Subjects were genotyped for 17 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms in ARNTL, CRY1, CRY2, CSNK1E, KLHL30, NPAS2, PER1, PER3, CLOCK, and MYRIP. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate age and gender-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for glioma risk under three inheritance models (additive, dominant, and recessive). Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for glioma-related death among 441 patients with high-grade tumors. Survival associations were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. RESULTS A variant in PER1 (rs2289591) was significantly associated with overall glioma risk (per variant allele OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.66-0.97; p trend = 0.027). The variant allele for CLOCK rs11133391 under a recessive model increased risk of oligodendroglioma (OR 2.41; 95 % CI 1.31-4.42; p = 0.005), though not other glioma subtypes (p for heterogeneity = 0.0033). The association remained significant after false discovery rate adjustment (p = 0.008). Differential associations by gender were observed for MYRIP rs6599077 and CSNK1E rs1534891 though differences were not significant after adjustment for multiple testing. No consistent mortality associations were identified. Several of the examined genes exhibited differential expression in glioblastoma multiforme versus normal brain in TCGA data (MYRIP, ARNTL, CRY1, KLHL30, PER1, CLOCK, and PER3), and expression of NPAS2 was significantly associated with a poor patient outcome in TCGA patients. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis provides some evidence supporting a role for circadian genes in the onset of glioma and possibly the outcome of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H. Madden
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL 33612, USA
| | - Gabriella M. Anic
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL 33612, USA
| | - Reid C. Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - L. Burton Nabors
- Neuro-oncology Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James E. Browning
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL 33612, USA
| | - Alvaro N. Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL 33612, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Egan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL 33612, USA
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Shah N, Rice T, Tracy D, Rohan T, Bůžková P, Newman A, Kaplan RC. Sleep and insulin-like growth factors in the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2013; 9:1245-51. [PMID: 24340285 PMCID: PMC3836334 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep and sleep disordered breathing (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA]) are known to affect the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. There are few relevant population studies in this area, particularly in the elderly. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between sleep (architecture and OSA) and circulating IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-1), IGFBP-1 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1), and IGFBP-3 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3) levels in an elderly population. DESIGN SETTING Cross-sectional analysis of participants from the year 9 visit of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who were enrolled in the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 1,233 elderly participants from the CHS and SHHS. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The mean age of males (n = 526) and females (n = 697) was 77 years. The mean value of IGF-I (ng/mL) in males was 112.4 vs. 97.1 in females (p < 0.01). Mean IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were higher in females than males (p < 0.01). As expected, slow wave sleep was better preserved in females compared to males (22% total sleep time vs. 9% total sleep time, p < 0.01). Furthermore, as expected, OSA (apneahypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 5/h) was more prevalent in males compared to females (60% vs. 46%, p < 0.01). Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the relationship between objective sleep parameters and circulating IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 levels, with adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, diabetes, estrogen use, progestin use, and physical activity. We did not detect a significant association between slow wave sleep (SWS) (per 5 min) and IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 levels (ng/mL). We found no significant linear association between OSA (AHI ≥ 5/h) and IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 levels. Gender-stratification of the entire cohort did not alter these findings. Sensitivity analyses excluding diabetics revealed that moderate OSA (AHI ≥ 5 and < 15) is inversely associated with IGFBP-3 levels in women. Conclusions The relationship between SWS and GH/IGF system is not significant in the elderly. Furthermore, OSA does not appear to adversely influence the GH/IGF axis, as reported in younger individuals. Whether our study findings are due to diminished GH/IGF-I axis activity in elderly needs further investigation by replication in other large population based elderly cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neomi Shah
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Tom Rice
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Newman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Marissal-Arvy N, Duron E, Parmentier F, Zizzari P, Mormède P, Epelbaum J. QTLs influencing IGF-1 levels in a LOU/CxFischer 344F2 rat population. Tracks towards the metabolic theory of Ageing. Growth Horm IGF Res 2013; 23:220-228. [PMID: 24028904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since a reduction of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling cascade extends life span in many species and IGF-1 signaling might partly mediate the effects of caloric restriction (CR), an experimental intervention for increasing longevity, the purpose of the present study was to use quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, an unbiased genetic approach, to identify particular regions of the genome influencing plasma IGF-1 levels in an F2 intercross between F344 and LOU/C rats; the latter being an inbred strain of Wistar origin, considered as a model of healthy aging since it resists to age (and diet)-induced obesity. DESIGN F1 hybrids were obtained by crossbreeding LOU/C with F344 rats, and then F1 were bred inter se to obtain the F2 population, of which 93 males and 94 females were studied. Total plasma IGF-1 levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. A genome scan of the F2 population was made with 100 microsatellite markers) selected for their polymorphism between LOU/C and F344 strains (and by covering evenly the whole genome. RESULTS By simple interval mapping sex-dependent QTLs were found on chromosome 17 in males and on chromosome 18 in females. By multiple interval mapping, additional QTLs were found on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15 and 19 in males and on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 12 and 17 in females. Only the markers D1Rat196 and D12Mgh5 were found in both males and females. The majority of QTLs corresponded to metabolic syndrome (cardiac function: n = 45 (30%), obesity/diabetes: n = 22 (15%), inflammation: n = 19 (13%) and only a limited number to body weight: n = 13 (9%), proliferation (n = 10 (7%) or ossification: n = 7 (5%). Ninety-six candidate genes were located on the different QTLs. A significant proportion of these genes are connected to IGF-1 production and receptor pathways (n = 18) or metabolic syndrome (n = 11). CONCLUSIONS Subsequent studies are necessary to determine whether the genetic networks underscored are also involved in age-associated obesity, diabetes and inflammation as well as cardiovascular impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Marissal-Arvy
- INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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A prospective cohort study of shift work and the risk of death from pancreatic cancer in Japanese men. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1357-61. [PMID: 23619608 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is mounting evidence that shift work involving night work increases cancer risk. We examined the relationship between working rotating shifts and the risk of death from pancreatic cancer on the basis of data from the Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). METHODS The present analysis was restricted to 22,224 men who were 40-65 years of age at baseline (1988-1990) and who reported working full time or were self-employed in the JACC Study. The subjects were followed through 31 December 2009. Information on occupation and lifestyle factors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of death from pancreatic cancer in relation to shift work. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 127 pancreatic cancer deaths were observed. Overall, we found no statistically significant increase in the risk of death from pancreatic cancer associated with rotating shift work. As compared to day-shift workers, the RRs were 0.83 (95% CI 0.43-1.60) for rotating shift workers and 0.61 (95% CI 0.22-1.60) for fixed night-shift workers, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The multivariable-adjusted RR was 1.34 (95% CI 0.66-2.75) among rotating shift workers in the analysis restricted to men who reported working full time at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our data did not support the hypothesis that shift work is significantly associated with the risk of death from pancreatic cancer in this cohort of Japanese men.
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Hodžić A, Ristanović M, Zorn B, Tulić C, Maver A, Novaković I, Peterlin B. Genetic variation in circadian rhythm genes CLOCK and ARNTL as risk factor for male infertility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59220. [PMID: 23527142 PMCID: PMC3601062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian system has a major role in maintaining homeostasis and proper body functions including reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is an association between genetic variability in the primary clock genes CLOCK and ARNTL and male infertility in humans. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed a case-control study, where we searched for an association between polymorphisms of CLOCK and ARNTL genes and male infertility in 961 Slovenian and Serbian Caucasian men. The study group consisted of 517 patients with idiopathic infertility and a control group of 444 fertile men. A statistically significant difference was found in genotype distribution between the two groups in the CLOCK gene: rs11932595 (p = 6·10(-5), q = 4·10(-4), OR equaled 1.9 with 95% CI 1.4-2.7), rs6811520 (p = 2·10(-3), q = 8·10(-3), OR = 1.7 with 95% CI 1.2-2.2) and rs6850524 (p = 0.01, q = 0.02, OR = 1.4 with 95% CI 1.1-1.9). Further analyses of haplotypes were consistent with genotyping results. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide evidence that genetic variability in the CLOCK gene might be associated with male infertility warranting further confirmation and mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Hodžić
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Momčilo Ristanović
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Zorn
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cane Tulić
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleš Maver
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Diversity of human clock genotypes and consequences. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 119:51-81. [PMID: 23899594 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396971-2.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The molecular clock consists of a number of genes that form transcriptional and posttranscriptional feedback loops, which function together to generate circadian oscillations that give rise to circadian rhythms of our behavioral and physiological processes. Genetic variations in these clock genes have been shown to be associated with phenotypic effects in a repertoire of biological processes, such as diurnal preference, sleep, metabolism, mood regulation, addiction, and fertility. Consistently, rodent models carrying mutations in clock genes also demonstrate similar phenotypes. Taken together, these studies suggest that human clock-gene variants contribute to the phenotypic differences observed in various behavioral and physiological processes, although to validate this requires further characterization of the molecular consequences of these polymorphisms. Investigating the diversity of human genotypes and the phenotypic effects of these genetic variations shall advance our understanding of the function of the circadian clock and how we can employ the clock to improve our overall health.
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Savvidis C, Koutsilieris M. Circadian rhythm disruption in cancer biology. Mol Med 2012; 18:1249-60. [PMID: 22811066 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms show universally a 24-h oscillation pattern in metabolic, physiological and behavioral functions of almost all species. This pattern is due to a fundamental adaptation to the rotation of Earth around its own axis. Molecular mechanisms of generation of circadian rhythms organize a biochemical network in suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues, building cell autonomous clock pacemakers. Rhythmicity is observed in transcriptional expression of a wide range of clock-controlled genes that regulate a variety of normal cell functions, such as cell division and proliferation. Desynchrony of this rhythmicity seems to be implicated in several pathologic conditions, including tumorigenesis and progression of cancer. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized "shiftwork that involves circadian disruption [as] probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A in the IARC classification system of carcinogenic potency of an agentagent) (Painting, Firefighting, and Shiftwork; IARC; 2007). This review discusses the potential relation between disruptions of normal circadian rhythms with genetic driving machinery of cancer. Elucidation of the role of clockwork disruption, such as exposure to light at night and sleep disruption, in cancer biology could be important in developing new targeted anticancer therapies, optimizing individualized chronotherapy and modifying lighting environment in workplaces or homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Savvidis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hippocration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Monsees GM, Kraft P, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Schernhammer ES. Circadian genes and breast cancer susceptibility in rotating shift workers. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2547-52. [PMID: 22473669 PMCID: PMC3408553 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotating night shift work is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, likely via circadian disruption. We hypothesized that circadian pathway genes influence breast cancer risk, particularly in rotating night shift workers. We selected 178 common variants across 15 genes pertinent to the circadian system. Using a mixed candidate- and tag-single nucleotide polymorphism approach, we tested for associations between these variants and breast cancer risk in 1,825 women within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort and investigated potential interactions between genotype and rotating shift-work in a subset of 1,318 women. Multiple-testing-adjusted p-values were obtained by permutation (n = 10,000). None of the selected variants was significantly associated with breast cancer risk. However, when accounting for potential effect modification, rs23051560 (Ala394Thr) in the largest circadian gene, Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) was most strongly associated with breast cancer risk (nominal test for interaction p-value = 0.0005; 10,000-permutation-based main-effects p-value among women with < 24 months of shift-work = 0.003). The observed multiplicative association with breast cancer risk per minor allele (A) was 0.65 (95% CI = 0.51-0.82) among women with < 24 months of shift-work and 1.19 (95% CI = 0.93-1.54) with ≥ 24 months of shift-work. Women homozygous for the minor allele (AA) with ≥ 24 months of shift-work had a 2.83-times higher breast cancer risk compared to homozygous AA women with < 24 months of shift-work (95% CI = 1.47-5.56). In summary, common variation in circadian genes plays at most a small role in breast cancer risk among women of European ancestry. The impact of NPAS2 Ala394Thr in the presence of rotating shift-work requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M. Monsees
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-262, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan E. Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- LBI-ACR & ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, Vienna, Austria
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Sáez ME, Smani T, Ramírez-Lorca R, Díaz I, Serrano-Ríos M, Ruiz A, Ordoñez A. Association analysis of urotensin II gene (UTS2) and flanking regions with biochemical parameters related to insulin resistance. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19327. [PMID: 21559414 PMCID: PMC3084835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urotensin II (UII) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, which signals through a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) known as GPR14 or urotensin receptor (UTR). UII exerts a broad spectrum of actions in several systems such as vascular cell, heart muscle or pancreas, where it inhibits insulin release. Objective Given the reported role of UII in insulin secretion, we have performed a genetic association analysis of the UTS2 gene and flanking regions with biochemical parameters related to insulin resistance (fasting glucose, glucose 2 hours after a glucose overload, fasting insulin and insulin resistance estimated as HOMA). Results and Conclusions We have identified several polymorphisms associated with the analysed clinical traits, not only at the UTS2 gene, but also in thePER3 gene, located upstream from UTS2. Our results are compatible with a role for UII in glucose homeostasis and diabetes although we cannot rule out the possibility that PER3 gene may underlie the reported associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Sáez
- Department of Structural Genomics, Neocodex, Sevilla, Spain.
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Wang XS, Armstrong MEG, Cairns BJ, Key TJ, Travis RC. Shift work and chronic disease: the epidemiological evidence. Occup Med (Lond) 2011; 61:78-89. [PMID: 21355031 PMCID: PMC3045028 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work, including night work, has been hypothesized to increase the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Recent reviews of evidence relating to these hypotheses have focussed on specific diseases or potential mechanisms, but no general summary of the current data on shift work and chronic disease has been published. METHODS Systematic and critical reviews and recent original studies indexed in PubMed prior to 31 December 2009 were retrieved, aided by manual searches of reference lists. The main conclusions from reviews and principle results from recent studies are presented in text and tables. RESULTS Published evidence is suggestive but not conclusive for an adverse association between night work and breast cancer but limited and inconsistent for cancers at other sites and all cancers combined. Findings on shift work, in relation to risks of CVD, metabolic syndrome and diabetes are also suggestive but not conclusive for an adverse relationship. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity of study exposures and outcomes and emphasis on positive but non-significant results make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Further data are needed for additional disease endpoints and study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-S Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Jung-Hynes B, Huang W, Reiter RJ, Ahmad N. Melatonin resynchronizes dysregulated circadian rhythm circuitry in human prostate cancer cells. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:60-8. [PMID: 20524973 PMCID: PMC3158680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major age-related malignancy as increasing age correlates with increased risk for developing this neoplasm. Similarly, alterations in circadian rhythms have also been associated with the aging population and cancer risk. The pineal hormone melatonin is known to regulate circadian rhythms, which is under the control of a core set of genes: Period 1, 2, 3 (Per 1-3); Cryptochrome 1, 2 (Cry 1, 2); Clock, and Bmal 1, 2. Melatonin levels have been shown to decrease in patients with cancer and exogenous melatonin exhibits antiproliferative effects against certain cancers. In this study, we challenged the hypothesis that melatonin imparts antiproliferative effects in prostate cancer via resynchronization of deregulated core clock circuitry. We found that Clock and Per2 protein levels were downregulated whereas Bmal1 protein levels were upregulated in PCa cells, compared to normal prostate cells. Additionally, employing automated quantitative analysis of a microarray containing human tissues, we found that compared to benign tissues, Clock and Per2 levels were downregulated, whereas Bmal1 levels were upregulated in PCa and other proliferative prostatic conditions. Overexpression of Per2 was found to result in a significant loss of PCa cell growth and viability. Interestingly, melatonin treatment resulted in an increase in Per2 and Clock and a reduction in Bmal1 in PCa cells. Further, melatonin treatment resulted in a resynchronization of oscillatory circadian rhythm genes (Dbp and Per2). Our data support our hypothesis and suggest that melatonin should be thoroughly investigated as an agent for the management of PCa and other age-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Jung-Hynes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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ARNTL (BMAL1) and NPAS2 gene variants contribute to fertility and seasonality. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10007. [PMID: 20368993 PMCID: PMC2848852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian clocks guide the metabolic, cell-division, sleep-wake, circadian and seasonal cycles. Abnormalities in these clocks may be a health hazard. Circadian clock gene polymorphisms have been linked to sleep, mood and metabolic disorders. Our study aimed to examine polymorphisms in four key circadian clock genes in relation to seasonal variation, reproduction and well-being in a sample that was representative of the general population, aged 30 and over, living in Finland. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ARNTL, ARNTL2, CLOCK and NPAS2 genes were genotyped in 511 individuals. 19 variants were analyzed in relation to 31 phenotypes that were assessed in a health interview and examination study. With respect to reproduction, women with ARNTL rs2278749 TT genotype had more miscarriages and pregnancies, while NPAS2 rs11673746 T carriers had fewer miscarriages. NPAS2 rs2305160 A allele carriers had lower Global Seasonality Scores, a sum score of six items i.e. seasonal variation of sleep length, social activity, mood, weight, appetite and energy level. Furthermore, carriers of A allele at NPAS2 rs6725296 had greater loadings on the metabolic factor (weight and appetite) of the global seasonality score, whereas individuals with ARNTL rs6290035 TT genotype experienced less seasonal variation of energy level. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE ARNTL and NPAS2 gene variants were associated with reproduction and with seasonal variation. Earlier findings have linked ARNTL to infertility in mice, but this is the first time when any polymorphism of these genes is linked to fertility in humans.
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Zhu Y, Stevens RG, Hoffman AE, Fitzgerald LM, Kwon EM, Ostrander EA, Davis S, Zheng T, Stanford JL. Testing the circadian gene hypothesis in prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Res 2010; 69:9315-22. [PMID: 19934327 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian genes are responsible for maintaining the ancient adaptation of a 24-hour circadian rhythm and influence a variety of cancer-related biological pathways, including the regulation of sex hormone levels. However, few studies have been undertaken to investigate the role of circadian genes in the development of prostate cancer, the most common cancer type among men (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer). The current genetic association study tested the circadian gene hypothesis in relation to prostate cancer by genotyping a total of 41 tagging and amino acid-altering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 10 circadian-related genes in a population-based case-control study of Caucasian men (n = 1,308 cases and 1,266 controls). Our results showed that at least one SNP in nine core circadian genes (rs885747 and rs2289591 in PER1; rs7602358 in PER2; rs1012477 in PER3; rs1534891 in CSNK1E; rs12315175 in CRY1; rs2292912 in CRY2; rs7950226 in ARNTL; rs11133373 in CLOCK; and rs1369481, rs895521, and rs17024926 in NPAS2) was significantly associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer (either overall risk or risk of aggressive disease), and the risk estimate for four SNPs in three genes (rs885747 and rs2289591 in PER1, rs1012477 in PER3, and rs11133373 in CLOCK) varied by disease aggressiveness. Further analyses of haplotypes were consistent with these genotyping results. Findings from this candidate gene association study support the hypothesis of a link between genetic variants in circadian genes and prostate cancer risk, warranting further confirmation and mechanistic investigation of circadian biomarkers in prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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MacDonald K, Porter GA, Guernsey DL, Zhao R, Casson AG. A polymorphic variant of the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor gene modifies risk of obesity for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2009; 33:37-40. [PMID: 19679045 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate potential biologic mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EADC), we studied the frequency of a common polymorphism of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) gene in patients with either gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), premalignant Barrett esophagus (BE) and or invasive EADC. METHODS Using a well characterized series of 431 individuals enrolled in a case-control study, we studied the frequency of the IGF-IR gene polymorphism, G1013A. RESULTS On multivariate analysis controlling for age and gender, in comparison to asymptomatic controls, obese individuals with the polymorphic A-variant (G/A, A/A) were found to have significantly increased risk for EADC (OR 4.81; 95%CI 1.09-21.15), whereas obese individuals with the G/G variant were not at statistically significant increased risk (OR 2.69; 95%CI 0.41-17.62). Similarly, compared to asymptomatic controls, only obese individuals with the A-variant (G/A, A/A) were at increased risk for BE (OR 3.11; 95%CI 1.12-8.63), while obese individuals with the G/G variant were not at increased risk for BE (OR 2.91; 95%CI 0.69-12.15). CONCLUSION We conclude that the common IGF-IR gene polymorphism G1013A modulates the risk of obesity for EADC, an effect most likely mediated by altered the receptor function by influencing gene transcription or mRNA stability. These findings further implicate the insulin-like growth factor axis in the molecular pathogenesis of EADC, and represent a plausible mechanistic link underlying the association between obesity and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley MacDonald
- Department of Pathology (Division of Molecular Pathology and Molecular Genetics), Dalhousie University, NS, Canada
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