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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Zhou S, Zhu Q, Liu H, Jiang S, Zhang X, Peng C, Yang G, Li J, Cheng L, Zhong R, Zeng Q, Miao X, Lu Q. Associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and its interaction with XRCC1 genetic polymorphism with lung cancer: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118077. [PMID: 34523522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans are extensively exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) daily via multiple pathways. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that occupational exposure to PAHs increases the risk of lung cancer, but related studies in the general population are limited. Hence, we conducted a case-control study among the Chinese general population to investigate the associations between PAHs exposure and lung cancer risk and analyze the modifications of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. In this study, we enrolled 122 lung cancer cases and 244 healthy controls in Wuhan, China. Urinary PAHs metabolites were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and rs25487 in X-ray repair cross-complementation 1 (XRCC1) gene was genotyped by the Agena Bioscience MassARRAY System. Then, multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate the potential associations. We found that urinary hydroxynaphthalene (OH-Nap), hydroxyphenanthrene (OH-Phe) and the sum of hydroxy PAHs (∑OH-PAHs) levels were significantly higher in lung cancer cases than those in controls. After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, smoking status, smoking pack-years, drinking status and family history, urinary ∑OH-Nap and ∑OH-Phe levels were positively associated with lung cancer risk, with dose-response relationships. Compared with those in the lowest tertiles, individuals in the highest tertiles of ∑OH-Nap and ∑OH-Phe had a 2.13-fold (95% CI: 1.10, 4.09) and 2.45-fold (95% CI: 1.23, 4.87) increased risk of lung cancer, respectively. Effects of gender, age, smoking status and smoking pack-years on the associations of PAHs exposure with lung cancer risk were shown in the subgroup analysis. Furthermore, associations of urinary ∑OH-Nap and ∑OH-PAHs levels with lung cancer risk were modified by XRCC1 rs25487 (Pinteraction ≤ 0.025), and were more pronounced in wild-types of rs25487. These findings suggest that environmental exposure to naphthalene and phenanthrene is associated with increased lung cancer risk, and polymorphism of XRCC1 rs25487 might modify the naphthalene exposure-related lung cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qiuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shunli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Road, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Vimercati L, Bisceglia L, Cavone D, Caputi A, De Maria L, Delfino MC, Corrado V, Ferri GM. Environmental Monitoring of PAHs Exposure, Biomarkers and Vital Status in Coke Oven Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072199. [PMID: 32218300 PMCID: PMC7178092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A follow-up study of a cohort of workers from a coke plant compared with a control group from the same industrial area was conducted in 2019. The recruitment and environmental and biomarker measurements were performed during 1993/1994. The environmental concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), B(a)P, pyrene and nitro-PAH were measured. Personal data were collected via an individual semi-structured questionnaire by a trained physician. All biomarkers were measured after a specific blood drawing for every test. Significant risks (ORs) were observed for nitro-PAH (≥0.12 µg/m3) [OR = 7.96 (1.01–62.82)], urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHpy) (≥0.99 µmoles/moles of creatinine) [OR = 11.71 (1.47–92.90)], PAH DNA adducts (P32) (≥2.69 adducts/108 nucleotides) [OR = 5.46 (1.17–25.58)], total nitro-PAH hemoglobin adducts (≥161.68 fg/µg of Hb) [OR = 5.92 (1.26–27.86)], sister chromatid exchange (SCE) with TCR (≥377.84 SCE/cell chromosomes) [OR = 13.06 (3.95–93.10)], sister chromatid exchange with T (≥394.72 total SCE) [OR = 13.06 (3.95–93.10)], and sister chromatid exchange with X (≥8.19 mean SCE) [OR = 13.06 (3.95–93.10)]. Significant risk of death for all causes and chromosomal aberrations (48 h) (OR = 7.19 [1.19–43.44]) or micronuclei in culture at 48 h (OR = 3.86 [1.04–14.38]) were also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine “B. Ramazzini”, University of Bari Medical School, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (L.D.M.); (M.C.D.); (V.C.); (G.M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-547-8216
| | - Lucia Bisceglia
- Strategic Regional Health and Social Agency of Puglia (AReS Puglia), 52 G. Gentile Street, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenica Cavone
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine “B. Ramazzini”, University of Bari Medical School, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (L.D.M.); (M.C.D.); (V.C.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Antonio Caputi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine “B. Ramazzini”, University of Bari Medical School, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (L.D.M.); (M.C.D.); (V.C.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Luigi De Maria
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine “B. Ramazzini”, University of Bari Medical School, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (L.D.M.); (M.C.D.); (V.C.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Maria Celeste Delfino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine “B. Ramazzini”, University of Bari Medical School, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (L.D.M.); (M.C.D.); (V.C.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Corrado
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine “B. Ramazzini”, University of Bari Medical School, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (L.D.M.); (M.C.D.); (V.C.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Giovanni Maria Ferri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine “B. Ramazzini”, University of Bari Medical School, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (L.D.M.); (M.C.D.); (V.C.); (G.M.F.)
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Savchenko YA, Minina VI, Bakanova ML, Glushkov AN. Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Industrial Factors in Coal Mining and Coal-Processing Industry (Review). RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sram RJ, Svecova V, Rossnerova A. Systematic review of the use of the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay to measure DNA damage induced by exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:162-169. [PMID: 27894684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to induce micronuclei (MN) measured using the lymphocytes cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay were evaluated in 34 studies according to the exposure: 20 studies in coke oven workers, 7 studies in different occupational exposures as alluminium industry workers, rubber factory workers, road construction workers, airport workers and diesel exposed workers, 6 studies on environmentaly exposed groups as police, volunteers and children. Reviewed papers indicate that the CBMN assay is a sensitive biomarker of PAHs exposure in polluted air. Reviewed studies confirmed previous conclusions, that the frequency of MN measured using the lymphocyte CBMN is not significantly affected by smoking, females are more sensitive to PAHs than males, the frequency of MN is increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim J Sram
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlasta Svecova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lu Y, Matsuse R, Sobue T. Rejoining kinetics of bleomycin-induced DNA single-strand breaks in agarose-bound human blood cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 778:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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He Z, Duan H, Zhang B, Li M, Chen L, Zhang B, Zhu X, Gao C, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang S, Zeng X, Li D, Xing X, Zhang Z, Ma L, Bai Q, Liu C, Xiao Y, Zheng Y, Chen W. CpG site-specific RASSF1a hypermethylation is associated with occupational PAH exposure and genomic instability. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an etiologic link between exposure to PAHs and lung cancer development.
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A guidance value of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine in view of acceptable occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:239-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Claxton LD. The history, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of carbon-based fuels and their emissions. Part 2: Solid fuels. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 762:108-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Duan H, He Z, Ma J, Zhang B, Sheng Z, Bin P, Cheng J, Niu Y, Dong H, Lin H, Dai Y, Zhu B, Chen W, Xiao Y, Zheng Y. Global and MGMT promoter hypomethylation independently associated with genomic instability of lymphocytes in subjects exposed to high-dose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:2013-2022. [PMID: 23543013 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Global hypomethylation, gene-specific methylation, and genome instability are common events in tumorigenesis. To date, few studies have examined the aberrant DNA methylation patterns in coke oven workers, who are highly at risk of lung cancer by occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We recruited 82 PAH-exposed workers and 62 unexposed controls, assessed exposure levels by urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, and measured genetic damages by comet assay, bleomycin sensitivity, and micronucleus assay. The PAHs in coke oven emissions (COE) were estimated based on toxic equivalency factors. We used bisulfite-PCR pyrosequencing to quantitate DNA methylation in long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Further, the methylation alteration was also investigated in COE-treated human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. We found there are higher levels of PAHs in COE. Among PAH-exposed workers, LINE-1 and MGMT methylation levels (with CpG site specificity) were significantly lowered. LINE-1, MGMT, and its hot CpG site-specific methylation were negatively correlated with urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels (r = -0.329, p < 0.001; r = -0.164, p = 0.049 and r = -0.176, p = 0.034, respectively). In addition, LINE-1 methylation was inversely associated with comet tail moment and micronucleus frequency, and a significant increase of micronucleus in low MGMT methylation group. In vitro study revealed that treatment of COE in 16HBE cells resulted in higher production of BPDE-DNA adducts, LINE-1 hypomethylation, hypomethylation, and suppression of MGMT expression. These findings suggest hypomethylation of LINE-1 and MGMT promoter could be used as markers for PAHs exposure and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhini He
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Bin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lin
- Institute of Industrial Health, Anshan Steel Industrial Corporation, Anshan, 114044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Benzhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Jiao J, Feng NN, Li Y, Sun Y, Yao W, Wang W, Zhang GH, Sun SY, Tan HS, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Li Y, Brandt-Rauf PW, Xia ZL. Estimation of a safe level for occupational exposure to vinyl chloride using a benchmark dose method in central China. J Occup Health 2012; 54:263-70. [PMID: 22672882 DOI: 10.1539/joh.11-0157-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate a benchmark dose (BMD) for chromosome damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in VCM-exposed workers in central China and validate the published results in Shanghai. METHODS VCM-exposed workers who had been exposed to VCM for at least one year (n=463) and matched subjects not exposed to VCM or other toxins (n=273) were asked to participate in this study. Micronucleus (MN) frequency based on the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used as a biomarker for chromosome damage induced by VCM exposure. RESULTS The MN frequency in the VCM-exposed workers was significantly higher than that in the control group, and multivariate Poisson regression suggested that gender, smoking status and VCM exposure were the significant factors influencing the risk of increased MN frequency. When subjects were further stratified according to gender and smoking status, the results showed that female VCM-exposed workers were more susceptible than the males to the risk of increased MN frequency. The MN frequency of smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers in the control group. Our study also suggested that there was a strong dose-response relationship between VCM CED and the increased risk of MN frequency in the total group, males and females. The BMDL(10) was found to be 630.6, 670.2 and 273.7 mg-year for all VCM-exposed workers, males and females, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results invite further scrutiny of the current VCM occupational exposure limits and warrant further study of the risk of VCM genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
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Butkiewicz D, Drosik A, Suwiński R, Krześniak M, Rusin M, Kosarewicz A, Rachtan J, Matuszczyk I, Gawkowska-Suwińska M. Influence of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on prognosis in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E1100-8. [PMID: 22511383 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may modulate not only an individual DNA repair capacity, DNA damage levels and cancer risk but also clinical outcome after DNA damage-inducing anticancer therapy. In this study, we analyzed the association between the XPA -4G>A, XPD Asp312Asn, hOGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC2 -4234G>C, XRCC3 -4541A>G and Thr241Met polymorphisms and prognosis in 250 inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with radiotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. In univariate model, the XPA-4A and XRCC1 399Gln alleles alone and in combination influenced survival only in stage III group. In multivariate analysis, the XPA-4 GA/AA was associated with poor survival (HR 1.55, p = 0.011 overall and HR 1.72, p = 0.008 in stage III). In chemoradiotherapy group, the XPA-4A carriers were at increased risk of death and progression (HR 1.73, p = 0.013 and HR 1.65, p = 0.016, respectively), especially in stage III (p = 0.008). Moreover, individuals with ≥ 2 XPA/XRCC1 adverse alleles showed a higher risk of death (HR 1.46, p = 0.036 overall; HR 1.85, p = 0.004 in stage III and HR 1.71, p = 0.022 in chemoradiotherapy group) and progression (HR 1.75, p = 0.011 overall and HR 1.93, p = 0.005 in stage III). The XPA-4 GA/AA genotype individually and together with the XRCC1 399Gln was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in our study. Thus, our findings indicate a prognostic potential of the XPA-4G>A in unresected NSCLC treated with radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. The results require validation in an independent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Butkiewicz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, M Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
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Yang P, Ma J, Zhang B, Duan H, He Z, Zeng J, Zeng X, Li D, Wang Q, Xiao Y, Liu C, Xiao Q, Chen L, Zhu X, Xing X, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Ma L, Wang E, Zhuang Z, Zheng Y, Chen W. CpG site-specific hypermethylation of p16INK4α in peripheral blood lymphocytes of PAH-exposed workers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:182-90. [PMID: 22028397 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient epidemiologic evidence shows an etiologic link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure and lung cancer risk. While the genetic modifications have been found in PAH-exposed population, it is unclear whether gene-specific methylation involves in the process of PAH-associated biologic consequence. METHODS Sixty-nine PAH-exposed workers and 59 control subjects were recruited. Using bisulfite sequencing, we examined the methylation status of p16(INK4α) promoter in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from PAH-exposed workers and in benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-transformed human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. The relationships between p16(INK4α) methylation and the level of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) or the frequency of cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the control group, PAH-exposed workers exhibited higher levels of urinary 1-OHP (10.62 vs. 2.52 μg/L), p16(INK4α) methylation (7.95% vs. 1.14% for 22 "hot" CpG sites), and CBMN (7.28% vs. 2.92%) in PBLs. p16(INK4α) hypermethylation in PAH-exposed workers exhibited CpG site specificity. Among the 35 CpG sites we analyzed, 22 were significantly hypermethylated. These 22 hypermethylated CpG sites were positively correlated to levels of urinary 1-OHP and CBMN in PBLs. Moreover, the hypermethylation and suppression of p16 expression was also found in BaP-transformed HBER cells. CONCLUSION PAH exposure induced CpG site-specific hypermethylation of p16(INK4α) gene. The degree of p16(INK4α) methylation was associated with the levels of DNA damage and internal exposure. IMPACT p16(INK4α) hypermethylation might be an essential biomarker for the exposure to PAHs and for early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Suspiro A, Prista J. Biomarkers of occupational exposure do anticancer agents: a minireview. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:42-52. [PMID: 21911042 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of anticancer agents has in common DNA-damaging properties and affects not only target-cells but also non-tumour cells. Its genotoxicity has been demonstrated in experimental models and in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Health care personnel involved in the preparation and administration of chemotherapy is therefore at risk for adverse health effects, since most environmental sampling studies demonstrated that there is widespread contamination of work surfaces and equipments with anticancer drugs. Adherence to safety guidelines and proper use of personal protective equipment are insufficient to prevent significant absorption, as evidenced by the presence of detectable amounts of drugs in urine samples and increased frequency of genotoxicity biomarkers. In this minireview, a critical appraisal of the most important biomarkers used for the evaluation of occupational exposure to anticancer agents as well as a summary of the key findings from several studies published in this field is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suspiro
- ENSP-UNL, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Wang Y, Cheng J, Li D, Duan H, Yang H, Bin P, Dai Y, Huang C, Liang X, Leng S, Chen W, Zheng Y. Modulation of DNA repair capacity by ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene polymorphisms among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-exposed workers. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:99-108. [PMID: 21873372 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to address the association between the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to DNA repair capacity (DRC) among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-exposed workers. Polymorphisms of ATM were genotyped. DRC was determined by comet assay. Chromosomal damage was detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the distributions of cell cycle. Expressions of ATM and rH2AX were determined by immunoblotting analysis. Luciferase assays were performed to determine the functional difference of ATM promoter region allele. Subjects carrying T allele of rs228589 had significantly lower DRC compared with those with AA genotype. Subjects carrying G allele of rs652311 had significantly lower DRC than those with zero copy number of haplotype CGGT. SH ataxia telangiectasia mutated (SHATM) cells had significantly lower DRC than SH green fluorescent protein (SHGFP) cells induced by bleomycin and higher CBMN frequencies treated by benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] than SHGFP cells. After B(a)P treatment, a decrease in the percentage of G1 phase cells was observed in SHATM cells compared with SHGFP cells, rH2AX expressions were increased in SHATM cells and SHGFP cells, but ATM expressions had no change in 16HBE-SHGFP cells and HEK-SHGFP cells. Luciferase expression was not different between rs228589T and rs228589A plasmid constructs. In conclusions, it is suggested that ATM polymorphisms are associated with DRC among PAHs-exposed workers and ATM plays key roles in repair of chromosomal damage and cell cycle control with the treatment of B(a)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
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Vaezi A, Feldman CH, Niedernhofer LJ. ERCC1 and XRCC1 as biomarkers for lung and head and neck cancer. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2011; 4:47-63. [PMID: 23226053 PMCID: PMC3513219 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are both treated with DNA damaging agents including platinum-based compounds and radiation therapy. However, at least one quarter of all tumors are resistant or refractory to these genotoxic agents. Yet the agents are extremely toxic, leading to undesirable side effects with potentially no benefit. Alternative therapies exist, but currently there are no tools to predict whether the first-line genotoxic agents will work in any given patient. To maximize therapeutic success and limit unnecessary toxicity, emerging clinical trials aim to inform personalized treatments tailored to the biology of individual tumors. Worldwide, significant resources have been invested in identifying biomarkers for guiding the treatment of lung and head and neck cancer. DNA repair proteins of the nucleotide excision repair pathway (ERCC1) and of the base excision repair pathway (XRCC1), which are instrumental in clearing DNA damage caused by platinum drugs and radiation, have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers of clinical outcomes in lung and head and neck cancers. The results are complex and contradictory. Here we summarize the current status of single nucleotide polymorphisms, mRNA, and protein expression of ERCC1 and XRCC1 in relation to cancer risk and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Vaezi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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Wang Y, Yang H, Li L, Wang H, Xia X, Zhang C. Biomarkers of chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:13-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Iarmarcovai G, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Fenech M. Genetic polymorphisms of genes involved in DNA repair and metabolism influence micronucleus frequencies in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:33-42. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Li SY, Zhang XY, Zhang X, Lan Y, Hua ZC. A convenient fluorescent-labeled assay for in vitro measurement of DNA mismatch repair activity. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2010; 23:496-501. [PMID: 21315249 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(11)60013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The assay of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) activity can be used as a biomarker for environmental condition detection and human disease diagnosis. Radioactive ³²P-endlabeled DNA containing mismatch is extensively used as the substrate for MMR activity analyses. The aim of the present study is to develop a simple non-radioactive, but equally specific and sensitive method for the MMR activity assay. METHODS A fluorescent label was chosen to replace the radioactive isotope label. Sensitive evaluation of the fluorescent label was carried out for the first time, and then the fluorescent label was compared with the isotope label in the MMR activity and DNA binding assays. RESULT LOD (limit of detection) of the fluorescent label was about 0.1 fmol and the relative signal strength displayed a pretty good linear relationship. Moreover, the fluorescent label method has equivalent sensitivity and performance as compared with the classical radioactive method in experiments. CONCLUSION In light of the sensitivity, reproducibility, safety, rapidity and long lifespan of the fluorescent label, this improved method can be applied to evaluation of biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, School of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
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Sobti RC, Berhane N, Mehedi SA, Kler R, Hosseini SA, Kuttiat V, Wanchu A. Association and impact of XPG Asp 1104 His gene polymorphism in HIV 1 disease progression to AIDS among north Indian HIV seropositive individuals. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:317-24. [PMID: 19693700 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Various efforts made to stop the deadly epidemic of HIV since its discovery in 1983 remain unsuccessful and this virus still continues to claim the lives of millions of individuals every year. The viral effect in the cell is complicated and the overall disease outcome is the result of interaction between a few viral proteins and complex host immune response. Because it has been reported that XPG (Xeroderma pigementesum group G) gene does play a role in reducing UV induced apoptosis and participate in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) process of DNA damage, it was hypothesized that polymorphism in this gene may have a role in HIV 1 disease progression to AIDS. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to find out the association between XPG gene polymorphism and its effect on the rate of HIV 1 disease progression to AIDS. 300 HIV seropositive cases and an equal number of age and sex matched controls were recruited for the study from north Indian population. The PCR-RFLP method was utilized to genotype 600 study subject for the XPG Asp (1104) His gene polymorphism. There was significant difference in the frequency of the His/His variant genotype (OR 1.95, 95% CI = 1.93-3.63, P = 0.04) between cases and controls indicating a probable role of this gene in host viral interactions.
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