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Champion CD, Thomas SM, Plichta JK, Parrilla Castellar E, Rosenberger LH, Greenup RA, Hyslop T, Hwang ES, Fayanju OM. Disparities at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity: Examining Trends and Outcomes in Hispanic Women With Breast Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:e827-e838. [PMID: 33026950 PMCID: PMC9797230 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to examine tumor subtype, stage at diagnosis, time to surgery (TTS), and overall survival (OS) among Hispanic patients of different races and among Hispanic and non-Hispanic (NH) women of the same race. METHODS Women 18 years of age or older who had been diagnosed with stage 0-IV breast cancer and who had undergone lumpectomy or mastectomy were identified in the National Cancer Database (2004-2014). Tumor subtype and stage at diagnosis were compared by race/ethnicity. Multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to estimate associations between race/ethnicity and adjusted TTS and OS, respectively. RESULTS A total of 44,374 Hispanic (American Indian [AI]: 79 [0.2%]; Black: 1,011 [2.3%]; White: 41,126 [92.7%]; Other: 2,158 [4.9%]) and 858,634 NH women (AI: 2,319 [0.3%]; Black: 97,206 [11.3%]; White: 727,270 [84.7%]; Other: 31,839 [3.7%]) were included. Hispanic Black women had lower rates of triple-negative disease (16.2%) than did NH Black women (23.5%) but higher rates than did Hispanic White women (13.9%; P < .001). Hispanic White women had higher rates of node-positive disease (23.2%) versus NH White women (14.4%) but slightly lower rates than Hispanic (24.6%) and NH Black women (24.5%; P < .001). Hispanic White women had longer TTS versus NH White women regardless of treatment sequence (adjusted means: adjuvant chemotherapy, 42.71 v 38.60 days; neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 208.55 v 201.14 days; both P < .001), but there were no significant racial differences in TTS among Hispanic patients. After adjustment, Hispanic White women (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.81]) and Black women (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.96]) had improved OS versus NH White women (reference) and Black women (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.18]; all P < .05). CONCLUSION Hispanic women had improved OS versus NH women, but racial differences in tumor subtype and nodal stage among Hispanic women highlight the importance of disaggregating racial/ethnic data in breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosette D. Champion
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO,Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, MD, MA, MPHS, DUMC 3513, Durham, NC 27710; e-mail:
| | - Samantha M. Thomas
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer K. Plichta
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Women’s Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Edgardo Parrilla Castellar
- Women’s Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Laura H. Rosenberger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Women’s Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Rachel A. Greenup
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Women’s Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - E. Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Women’s Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Women’s Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC,Duke Forge, Duke University, Durham, NC,Department of Surgery, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC,Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, MD, MA, MPHS, DUMC 3513, Durham, NC 27710; e-mail:
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2
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de Freitas RM, Guerra MR, Fayer VA, Campos AAL, Cintra JRD, Warren J, Ervilha RR, de Paula CD, Bustamante-Teixeira MT. Histological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics for Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Brazilian Women. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:761-770. [PMID: 35468643 PMCID: PMC9948274 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to characterize the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical profile of women with invasive breast cancer, according to the risk for Hereditary Predisposition Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome in a Brazilian population. METHODS This is a retrospective study performed from a hospital-based cohort of 522 women, diagnosed with breast cancer treated at an oncology referral center in the Southeast region of Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. RESULTS Among the 430 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who composed the study population, 127 (29.5%) were classified as at increased risk for hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. There was a lower level of education in patients at increased risk (34.6%) when compared with those at usual risk (46.0%). Regarding tumor characteristics, women at increased risk had higher percentages of the disease diagnosed at an advanced stage (32.3%), and with tumors > 2cm (63.0%), with increased prevalence for both characteristics, when compared with those at usual risk. Furthermore, we found higher percentages of HG3 (43.3%) and Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64.6%) in women at increased risk, with prevalence being about twice as high in this group. The presence of triple-negative tumors was observed as 25.2% in women at increased risk and 6.0% in women at usual risk, with the prevalence of absence of biomarkers being 2.5 times higher among women in the increased risk group. CONCLUSION From the clinical criteria routinely used in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the care practice of genetic counseling for patients at increased risk of hereditary breast cancer in contexts such as Brazil is still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mendes de Freitas
- Department of Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.,Epidemiology of Congenital Malformations Laboratory, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra
- Department of Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Vívian Assis Fayer
- Department of Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joan Warren
- Independent Researcher, Washington, United States
| | - Rafaela Russi Ervilha
- Department of Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Damasceno de Paula
- Department of Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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3
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Sung H, Koka H, Marino N, Pfeiffer RM, Cora R, Figueroa JD, Sherman ME, Gierach GL, Yang XR. Associations of Genetic Ancestry with Terminal Duct Lobular Unit Involution among Healthy Women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1420-1424. [PMID: 35333343 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced age-related terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution has been linked to increased breast cancer risk and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Associations of TDLU involution levels with race and ethnicity remain incompletely explored. Herein, we examined associations between genetic ancestry and TDLU involution in normal breast tissue donated by 2,014 healthy women in the US. Women of African ancestry were more likely than European women to have increased TDLU counts (odds ratio [OR]trend=1.36; 95% CI = 1.07-1.74), acini counts/TDLU (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.06-2.03), and median TDLU span (ORtrend=1.44; 95% CI = 1.08-1.91), indicating lower involution; whereas East Asian descendants were associated with decreased TDLU counts (ORtrend=0.52; 95% CI = 0.35-0.78) after controlling for potential confounders. These associations are consistent with the racial variations in incidence rates of TNBC in the US and suggest opportunities for future work examining whether TDLU involution may mediate the racial differences in subtype-specific breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science,American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hela Koka
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natascia Marino
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Renata Cora
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Usher institute, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Quantitative Health Sciences,Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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4
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Bartley SJ, Wu M, Benard V, Ambrosone C, Richardson LC. Are There Regional Differences in Triple Negative Breast Cancer among Non-Hispanic Black Women? J Natl Med Assoc 2021; 113:353-356. [PMID: 32778443 PMCID: PMC11034727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hispanic black women (NHB) are diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) more often than other ethnic or racial groups in the United States (US). This study describes regional differences in TNBC incidence among NHB women in the US from 2011 to 2015. METHODS We analyzed data from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) that includes incidence data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs. RESULTS Compared to the incidence rate for NHB women in the South, rates were significantly lower in the Northeast (22.6 per 100,000), higher in the Midwest (25.5 per 100,000) and similar in the West. These regional differences might be explained by genetic admixture among people with different geographic ancestral origins. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study highlight the need to extend etiological research and evidence-based cancer prevention and control efforts to women at high risk of this disease in order to decrease cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelton J Bartley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manxia Wu
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vicki Benard
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lisa C Richardson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Nathanson SD, Detmar M, Padera TP, Yates LR, Welch DR, Beadnell TC, Scheid AD, Wrenn ED, Cheung K. Mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:117-137. [PMID: 33950409 PMCID: PMC8568733 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and systemic sites. The management of metastasis has evolved by focusing on controlling the growth of the disease in the breast/chest wall, and at metastatic sites, initially by surgery alone, then by a combination of surgery with radiation, and later by adding systemic treatments in the form of chemotherapy, hormone manipulation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other treatments aimed at inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. It would be valuable for us to know how breast cancer metastasizes; such knowledge would likely encourage the development of therapies that focus on mechanisms of metastasis and might even allow us to avoid toxic therapies that are currently used for this disease. For example, if we had a drug that targeted a gene that is critical for metastasis, we might even be able to cure a vast majority of patients with breast cancer. By bringing together scientists with expertise in molecular aspects of breast cancer metastasis, and those with expertise in the mechanical aspects of metastasis, this paper probes interesting aspects of the metastasis cascade, further enlightening us in our efforts to improve the outcome from breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S David Nathanson
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, 2799 W Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Emma D Wrenn
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Cheung
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Wright N, Rida P, Rakha E, Agboola A, Aneja R. Panoptic Overview of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Nigeria: Current Challenges and Promising Global Initiatives. J Glob Oncol 2019; 4:1-20. [PMID: 30085829 PMCID: PMC6223531 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.17.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most deadly form of breast cancer (BC) today. TNBC treatment is fraught with challenges because of the extensive interpatient heterogeneity in clinical behavior and scarcity of stratifying biomarkers and actionable targets. Women of African ancestry face a disproportionate burden resulting from this disease, which affects them earlier and more aggressively and has a higher propensity to spread and resist conventional treatments. A much higher proportion of Nigerian patients with BC have TNBC compared with patients with BC in the United States and Europe. Methods This article spotlights Nigeria as an example of a nation wherein genetic and nongenetic spheres of influence intersect to affect the prevalence of this disease, the scale of its challenge, and its toll. Results Studies have illuminated the inherently different tumor biology of Nigerian TNBCs, which show distinct genetic variants and gene expression patterns compared with European or European-American TNBCs. Parallels are apparent between TNBC phenotypes among African Americans and Nigerians, implicating the common thread of shared genetic ancestry between these populations. Reproductive, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and cultural factors also shape TNBC outcomes in Nigeria, as do resource constraints in Nigerian health care and research sectors. Conclusion Increasing our understanding of how these factors contribute to poorer outcomes among Nigerian women may uncover valuable insights and strategies in alleviating the TNBC burden in many countries of the world and help reduce the racial disparity in BC-related outcomes here in the United States. Importantly, this review also highlights collaborative global and local initiatives that converge expertise and resources to advance research on effective management of TNBC in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Wright
- Nikita Wright, Padmashree Rida, Emad Rakha, Ayodeji Agboola, and Ritu Aneja, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; Emad Rakha, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Ayodeji Agboola, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Padmashree Rida
- Nikita Wright, Padmashree Rida, Emad Rakha, Ayodeji Agboola, and Ritu Aneja, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; Emad Rakha, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Ayodeji Agboola, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Emad Rakha
- Nikita Wright, Padmashree Rida, Emad Rakha, Ayodeji Agboola, and Ritu Aneja, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; Emad Rakha, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Ayodeji Agboola, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Agboola
- Nikita Wright, Padmashree Rida, Emad Rakha, Ayodeji Agboola, and Ritu Aneja, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; Emad Rakha, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Ayodeji Agboola, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Nikita Wright, Padmashree Rida, Emad Rakha, Ayodeji Agboola, and Ritu Aneja, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; Emad Rakha, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Ayodeji Agboola, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
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7
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Sung H, DeSantis CE, Fedewa SA, Kantelhardt EJ, Jemal A. Breast cancer subtypes among Eastern‐African–born black women and other black women in the United States. Cancer 2019; 125:3401-3411. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
| | - Carol E. DeSantis
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
| | - Stacey A. Fedewa
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
| | - Eva J. Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics Martin‐Luther University Halle Germany
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia
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8
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Hossain F, Danos D, Prakash O, Gilliland A, Ferguson TF, Simonsen N, Leonardi C, Yu Q, Wu XC, Miele L, Scribner R. Neighborhood Social Determinants of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Public Health 2019; 7:18. [PMID: 30834239 PMCID: PMC6387917 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, which is more frequently diagnosed in African American (AA) women than in European American (EA) women. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of social determinants in racial disparities in TNBC. Data on Louisiana TNBC patients diagnosed in 2010–2012 were collected and geocoded to census tract of residence at diagnosis by the Louisiana Tumor Registry. Using multilevel statistical models, we analyzed the role of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage index (CDI), a robust measure of physical and social environment, in racial disparities in TNBC incidence, stage at diagnosis, and stage-specific survival for the study population. Controlling for age, we found that AA women had a 2.21 times the incidence of TNBC incidence compared to EA women. Interestingly, the incidence of TNBC was independent of neighborhood CDI and adjusting for neighborhood environment did not impact the observed racial disparity. AA women were more likely to be diagnosed at later stages and CDI was associated with more advanced stages of TNBC at diagnosis. CDI was also significantly associated with poorer stage-specific survival. Overall, our results suggest that neighborhood disadvantage contributes to racial disparities in stage at diagnosis and survival among TNBC patients, but not to disparities in incidence of the disease. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms through which social determinants affect the promotion and progression of this disease and guide efforts to improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Denise Danos
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Om Prakash
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Aubrey Gilliland
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tekeda F Ferguson
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Neal Simonsen
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Claudia Leonardi
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Qingzhao Yu
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wu
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Richard Scribner
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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9
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Ruiz-Narváez EA, Sucheston-Campbell L, Bensen JT, Yao S, Haddad S, Haiman CA, Bandera EV, John EM, Bernstein L, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Deming SL, Olshan AF, Ambrosone CB, Palmer JR, Lunetta KL. Admixture Mapping of African-American Women in the AMBER Consortium Identifies New Loci for Breast Cancer and Estrogen-Receptor Subtypes. Front Genet 2016; 7:170. [PMID: 27708667 PMCID: PMC5030764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic admixture coupled with striking differences in incidence of estrogen receptor (ER) breast cancer subtypes, as well as severity, between women of African and European ancestry, provides an excellent rationale for performing admixture mapping in African American women with breast cancer risk. We performed the largest breast cancer admixture mapping study with in African American women to identify novel genomic regions associated with the disease. We conducted a genome-wide admixture scan using 2,624 autosomal ancestry informative markers (AIMs) in 3,629 breast cancer cases (including 1,968 ER-positive, 1093 ER-negative, and 601 triple-negative) and 4,658 controls from the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) Consortium, a collaborative study of four large geographically different epidemiological studies of breast cancer in African American women. We used an independent case-control study to test for SNP association in regions with genome-wide significant admixture signals. We found two novel genome-wide significant regions of excess African ancestry, 4p16.1 and 17q25.1, associated with ER-positive breast cancer. Two regions known to harbor breast cancer variants, 10q26 and 11q13, were also identified with excess of African ancestry. Fine-mapping of the identified genome-wide significant regions suggests the presence of significant genetic associations with ER-positive breast cancer in 4p16.1 and 11q13. In summary, we identified three novel genomic regions associated with breast cancer risk by ER status, suggesting that additional previously unidentified variants may contribute to the racial differences in breast cancer risk in the African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, USA
| | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BuffaloNY, USA
| | - Stephen Haddad
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, BostonMA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | | | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, FremontCA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, DuarteCA, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, MiamiFL, USA
| | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, BethesdaMD, USA
| | - Sandra L. Deming
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BuffaloNY, USA
| | | | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, BostonMA, USA
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10
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Lorusso L, Bacchini F. A reconsideration of the role of self-identified races in epidemiology and biomedical research. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 52:56-64. [PMID: 25791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A considerable number of studies in epidemiology and biomedicine investigate the etiology of complex diseases by considering (self-identified) race as a relevant variable and focusing on the differences in risk among racial groups in the United States; they extensively draw on a genetic hypothesis--viz. the hypothesis that differences in the risk of complex diseases among racial groups are largely due to genetic differences covarying with genetic ancestry--that appears highly problematic in the light of both current biological evidence and the theory of human genome evolution. Is this reason for dismissing self-identified races? No. An alternative promising use of self-identified races exists, and ironically is suggested by those studies that investigate the etiology of complex diseases without focusing on racial differences. These studies provide a large amount of empirical evidence supporting the primacy of the contribution of non-genetic as opposed to genetic factors to the risk of complex diseases. We show that differences in race--or, better, in racial self-identification--may be critically used as proxies for differences in risk-related exposomes and epigenomes in the context of the United States. Self-identified race is what we need to capture the complexity of the effects of present and past racism on people's health and investigate risk-related external and internal exposures, gene-environment interactions, and epigenetic events. In fact patterns of racial self-identifications on one side, and patterns of risk-related exposomes and epigenomes on the other side, constantly coevolve and tend to match each other. However, there is no guarantee that using self-identified races in epidemiology and biomedical research will be beneficial all things considered: special attention must be paid at balancing positive and negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Lorusso
- Department of Political Science, Communication, Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Philosophy, University of San Francisco, USA.
| | - Fabio Bacchini
- Laboratory of Applied Epistemology, DADU, University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Philosophy, Stanford University, USA
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11
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Abstract
African American women have a lower lifetime incidence of breast cancer than white/Caucasian Americans yet have a higher risk of breast cancer mortality. African American women are also more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at young ages, and they have higher risk for the biologically more aggressive triple-negative breast cancers. These features are also more common among women from western, sub-Saharan Africa who share ancestry with African Americans, and this prompts questions regarding an association between African ancestry and inherited susceptibility for certain patterns of mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Newman
- Breast Care Center, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48167, USA.
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Alluri P, Newman LA. Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: searching for positives among many negatives. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2015; 23:567-77. [PMID: 24882351 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are defined by their failure to express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu protein markers. This basic feature is clinically relevant because it indicates that these cancers cannot be managed with endocrine or anti-HER2 systemic therapies. Furthermore, most TNBC cases are also characterized as being of the genetically defined basal subtype, which is an inherently and biologically more aggressive pattern of disease. The two terms, however, are not synonymous, and some TNBC cases are prognostically more favorable. TNBC differs from non-TNBC in risk-factor profile, pattern, and rate of metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Alluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Newman
- Breast Care Center, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48167, USA.
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Ochs-Balcom HM, Sun X, Chen Y, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Erwin DO, Jandorf L, Sucheston-Campbell L, Elston RC. Putative linkage signals identified for breast cancer in African American families. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:442-7. [PMID: 25477366 PMCID: PMC4323921 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms associated with breast cancer subtypes and across multiple population subgroups; however, few studies to date have applied linkage analysis to other population groups. METHODS We performed the first genome-wide breast cancer linkage analysis in 106 African American families (comprising 179 affected and 79 unaffected members) not known to be segregating BRCA mutations to search for novel breast cancer loci. We performed regression-based model-free multipoint linkage analyses of the sibling pairs using SIBPAL, and two-level Haseman-Elston linkage analyses of affected relative pairs using RELPAL. RESULTS We identified -log10 P values that exceed 4 on chromosomes 3q and 12q, as well as a region near BRCA1 on chromosome 17 (-log10 P values in the range of 3.0-3.2) using both sibling-based and relative-based methods; the latter observation may suggest that undetected BRCA1 mutations or other mutations nearby such as HOXB13 may be segregating in our sample. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results suggest novel putative regions harboring risk alleles in African Americans that deserve further study. IMPACT We hope that our study will spur further family-based investigation into specific mechanisms for breast cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Xiangqing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deborah O Erwin
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lina Jandorf
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Robert C Elston
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Newman LA. Disparities in breast cancer and african ancestry: a global perspective. Breast J 2015; 21:133-9. [PMID: 25639288 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of breast cancer disparities between African-American and White American women has generated exciting research opportunities investigating the biologic and hereditary factors that contribute to the observed outcome differences, leading to international studies of breast cancer in Africa. The study of breast cancer in women with African ancestry has opened the door to unique investigations regarding breast cancer subtypes and the genetics of this disease. International research efforts can advance our understanding of race/ethnicity-associated breast cancer disparities within the USA; the pathogenesis of triple negative breast cancer; and hereditary susceptibility for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Newman
- Department of Surgery, Breast Care Center, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Sighoko D, Fackenthal JD, Hainaut P. Changes in the pattern of breast cancer burden among African American women: evidence based on 29 states and District of Columbia during 1998 to 2010. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:15-25.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Al-Alem U, Rauscher G, Shah E, Batai K, Mahmoud A, Beisner E, Silva A, Peterson C, Kittles R. Association of genetic ancestry with breast cancer in ethnically diverse women from Chicago. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112916. [PMID: 25423363 PMCID: PMC4244099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-Hispanic (nH) Black and Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by early onset disease, later stage, and with more aggressive, higher grade and ER/PR negative breast cancers. The purpose of this analysis was to examine whether genetic ancestry could account for these variation in breast cancer characteristics, once data were stratified by self-reported race/ethnicity and adjusted for potential confounding by social and behavioral factors. Methods We used a panel of 100 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) to estimate individual genetic ancestry in 656 women from the “Breast Cancer Care in Chicago” study, a multi-ethnic cohort of breast cancer patients to examine the association between individual genetic ancestry and breast cancer characteristics. In addition we examined the association of individual AIMs and breast cancer to identify genes/regions that may potentially play a role in breast cancer disease disparities. Results As expected, nH Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than nH White patients to be diagnosed at later stages, with higher grade, and with ER/PR negative tumors. Higher European genetic ancestry was protective against later stage at diagnosis (OR 0.7 95%CI: 0.54–0.92) among Hispanic patients, and higher grade (OR 0.73, 95%CI: 0.56–0.95) among nH Black patients. After adjustment for multiple social and behavioral risk factors, the association with later stage remained, while the association with grade was not significant. We also found that the AIM SNP rs10954631 on chromosome 7 was associated with later stage (p = 0.02) and higher grade (p = 0.012) in nH Whites and later stage (p = 0.03) in nH Blacks. Conclusion Non-European genetic ancestry was associated with later stage at diagnosis in ethnic minorities. The relation between genetic ancestry and stage at diagnosis may be due to genetic factors and/or unmeasured environmental factors that are overrepresented within certain racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaima Al-Alem
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Garth Rauscher
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ebony Shah
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Abeer Mahmoud
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Erin Beisner
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Abigail Silva
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Caryn Peterson
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rick Kittles
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Brewster AM, Chavez-MacGregor M, Brown P. Epidemiology, biology, and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in women of African ancestry. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:e625-e634. [PMID: 25456381 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is increasing worldwide, and breast cancer-related mortality is highest in women of African ancestry, who are more likely to have basal-like or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than are women of European ancestry. Identification of cultural, epidemiological, and genetic risk factors that predispose women of African ancestry to TNBC is an active area of research. Despite the aggressive behaviour of TNBC, achievement of a pathological complete response with chemotherapy is associated with good long-term survival outcomes, and sensitivity to chemotherapy does not seem to differ according to ethnic origin. Discovery of the molecular signalling molecules that define TNBC heterogeneity has led to the development of targeted agents such as inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and mTOR and immunomodulatory drugs that are in the early stages of clinical testing. First, we summarise the existing published work on the differences reported on the epidemiology, biology, and response to systemic treatment of TNBC between women of African ancestry and white women, and identify some gaps in knowledge. Second, we review the opportunities for development of new therapeutic agents in view of the potential high clinical relevance for patients with TNBC irrespective of race or ethnic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenaa M Brewster
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Powel Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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A collaborative study of the etiology of breast cancer subtypes in African American women: the AMBER consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 25:309-19. [PMID: 24343304 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with at least five intrinsic subtypes defined by molecular characteristics. Tumors that express the estrogen receptor (ER+) have better outcomes than ER- tumors, due in part to the success of hormonal therapies that target ER+ tumors. The incidence of ER- breast cancer, and the subset of ER- cancers that are basal-like, is about twice as high among African American (AA) women as among US women of European descent (EA). This disparity appears to explain, in part, the disproportionately high mortality from breast cancer that occurs in AA women. Epidemiologic research on breast cancer in AA women lags behind research in EA women. Here, we review differences in the etiology of breast cancer subtypes among AA women and describe a new consortium of ongoing studies of breast cancer in AA women. METHODS We combined samples and data from four large epidemiologic studies of breast cancer in AA women, two cohort and two case-control, creating the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk consortium. Tumor tissue is obtained and stored in tissue microarrays, with assays of molecular markers carried out at a pathology core. Genotyping, carried out centrally, includes a whole exome SNP array and over 180,000 custom SNPs for fine-mapping of genome-wide association studies loci and candidate pathways. RESULTS To date, questionnaire data from 5,739 breast cancer cases and 14,273 controls have been harmonized. Genotyping of the first 3,200 cases and 3,700 controls is underway, with a total of 6,000 each expected by the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS The new consortium will likely have sufficient statistical power to assess potential risk factors, both genetic and non-genetic, in relation to specific subtypes of breast cancer in AA women.
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Pérez-Mayoral J, Pacheco-Torres AL, Morales L, Acosta-Rodríguez H, Matta JL, Dutil J. Genetic polymorphisms in RAD23B and XPC modulate DNA repair capacity and breast cancer risk in Puerto Rican women. Mol Carcinog 2013; 52 Suppl 1:E127-38. [PMID: 23776089 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that DNA repair capacity (DRC) is significantly decreased in breast cancer patients, but the molecular causes of inter-individual variation in DRC are unknown. We hypothesized that genetic variation in the nucleotide excision repair pathway genes can modulate DRC and breast cancer risk in Puerto Rican women. A total of 228 breast cancer cases and 418 controls were recruited throughout Puerto Rico. For all study participants, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes XPC, XPD, and RAD23B were genotyped using a TaqMan PCR, and the DRC levels of UV induced-DNA damage was measured in peripheral lymphocytes using a host cell reactivation assay. After adjustment for confounders, RAD23B rs1805329 (Ala249Val) was found to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk under all models tested (P < 0.001). There was also a significant association between breast cancer risk and RAD23B rs10739234 (intronic) under the recessive model (P = 0.003, OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.40-5.30). In cases, there was a statistically significant difference in mean DRC per genotype for RAD23B rs1805329 (P < 0.001) and XPC rs2607775 (P = 0.002). When we modeled the combined effect of multiple SNPs that each independently affected DRC on cancer risk, we observed incremental augmentations in risk with increasing number of risk genotypes at those loci (P overall model <0.001). The increase in adverse genotypes was also correlated with a progressive decrease in DRC values. Our data indicate an additive effect of the NER SNPs on DRC and breast cancer risk in Puerto Rican women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyann Pérez-Mayoral
- Department of Biochemistry, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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Long J, Zhang B, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole MJ, Sanderson M, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Michailiou K, Easton DF, Shu XO, Blot WJ, Zheng W. Evaluating genome-wide association study-identified breast cancer risk variants in African-American women. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58350. [PMID: 23593120 PMCID: PMC3620157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), conducted mostly in European or Asian descendants, have identified approximately 67 genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer. Given the large differences in genetic architecture between the African-ancestry genome and genomes of Asians and Europeans, it is important to investigate these loci in African-ancestry populations. We evaluated index SNPs in all 67 breast cancer susceptibility loci identified to date in our study including up to 3,300 African-American women (1,231 cases and 2,069 controls), recruited in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) and the Nashville Breast Health Study (NBHS). Seven SNPs were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) with the risk of overall breast cancer in the same direction as previously reported: rs10069690 (5p15/TERT), rs999737 (14q24/RAD51L1), rs13387042 (2q35/TNP1), rs1219648 (10q26/FGFR2), rs8170 (19p13/BABAM1), rs17817449 (16q12/FTO), and rs13329835 (16q23/DYL2). A marginally significant association (P<0.10) was found for three additional SNPs: rs1045485 (2q33/CASP8), rs4849887 (2q14/INHBB), and rs4808801 (19p13/ELL). Three additional SNPs, including rs1011970 (9p21/CDKN2A/2B), rs941764 (14q32/CCDC88C), and rs17529111 (6q14/FAM46A), showed a significant association in analyses conducted by breast cancer subtype. The risk of breast cancer was elevated with an increasing number of risk variants, as measured by quintile of the genetic risk score, from 1.00 (reference), to 1.75 (1.30-2.37), 1.56 (1.15-2.11), 2.02 (1.50-2.74) and 2.63 (1.96-3.52), respectively, (P = 7.8 × 10(-10)). Results from this study highlight the need for large genetic studies in AAs to identify risk variants impacting this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Hoyos-Giraldo LS, Escobar-Hoyos LF, Reyes-Carvajal I, García JJ, Córdoba L, Gómez AS, García-Vallejo F, Cajas-Salazar N, Carvajal S, Bedoya G. The Effect of Genetic Admixture in an Association Study: Genetic Polymorphisms and Chromosome Aberrations in a Colombian Population Exposed to Organic Solvents. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:308-20. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Stella Hoyos-Giraldo
- Department of Biology, Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education; Universidad del Cauca; Popayán Cauca Colombia
| | - Luisa F. Escobar-Hoyos
- Department of Biology, Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education; Universidad del Cauca; Popayán Cauca Colombia
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Pathology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Ingrid Reyes-Carvajal
- Department of Biology, Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education; Universidad del Cauca; Popayán Cauca Colombia
| | - Jharley J. García
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biology; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
| | - Liliana Córdoba
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biology; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
| | - Adalberto Sánchez Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis; Department of Physiologic Sciences; Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle; Cali Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Felipe García-Vallejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis; Department of Physiologic Sciences; Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle; Cali Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Nohelia Cajas-Salazar
- Department of Biology, Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education; Universidad del Cauca; Popayán Cauca Colombia
| | - Silvio Carvajal
- Department of Biology, Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education; Universidad del Cauca; Popayán Cauca Colombia
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biology; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
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Hall EC, Segev DL, Engels EA. Racial/ethnic differences in cancer risk after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:714-20. [PMID: 23331953 PMCID: PMC4241757 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transplant recipients have elevated cancer risk, but it is unknown if cancer risk differs across race and ethnicity as in the general population. US kidney recipients (N = 87,895) in the Transplant Cancer Match Study between 1992 and 2008 were evaluated for racial/ethnic differences in risk for six common cancers after transplantation. Compared to white recipients, black recipients had lower incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0.60, p<0.001) and higher incidence of kidney (aIRR 2.09, p<0.001) and prostate cancer (aIRR 2.14, p<0.001); Hispanic recipients had lower incidence of NHL (aIRR 0.64, p = 0.001), lung (aIRR 0.41, p < 0.001), breast (aIRR 0.53, p = 0.003) and prostate cancer (aIRR 0.72, p = 0.05). Colorectal cancer incidence was similar across groups. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) measured the effect of transplantation on cancer risk and were similar for most cancers (p≥0.1). However, black and Hispanic recipients had larger increases in kidney cancer risk with transplantation (SIRs: 8.96 in blacks, 5.95 in Hispanics vs. 4.44 in whites), and only blacks had elevated prostate cancer risk following transplantation (SIR: 1.21). Racial/ethnic differences in cancer risk after transplantation mirror general population patterns, except for kidney and prostate cancers where differences reflect the effects of end-stage renal disease or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Hall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Barcellos-Hoff MH. Does microenvironment contribute to the etiology of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer? Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:541-8. [PMID: 23325583 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
What dictates the prevalence of certain types of breast cancer, which are classified by markers, particularly estrogen receptor (ER), expression profiles such as basal or luminal, and genetic alterations such as HER2 amplification, in particular populations is not well understood. It is increasingly evident that microenvironment disruption is highly intertwined with cancer progression. Here, the idea that microenvironment shapes the course of carcinogenesis, and hence breast cancer subtype, is discussed. Aggressive, basal-like, ER-negative breast tumors occur in younger women, African-American women, women who carry BRCA1 mutation, and women exposed to ionizing radiation. Recent experimental studies using ionizing radiation, a well-documented environmental exposure, suggest that certain processes in the microenvironment strongly favor the development of ER-negative tumors. Understanding the contribution of tissue microenvironment during carcinogenesis could lead to prevention strategies that are personalized to age, agent, and exposure to reduce the risk of aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Author's Affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Churchhouse C, Marchini J. Multiway admixture deconvolution using phased or unphased ancestral panels. Genet Epidemiol 2012; 37:1-12. [PMID: 23136122 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel method for inferring the local ancestry of admixed individuals from dense genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data. The method, called MULTIMIX, allows multiple source populations, models population linkage disequilibrium between markers and is applicable to datasets in which the sample and source populations are either phased or unphased. The model is based upon a hidden Markov model of switches in ancestry between consecutive windows of loci. We model the observed haplotypes within each window using a multivariate normal distribution with parameters estimated from the ancestral panels. We present three methods to fit the model-Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, the Expectation Maximization algorithm, and a Classification Expectation Maximization algorithm. The performance of our method on individuals simulated to be admixed with European and West African ancestry shows it to be comparable to HAPMIX, the ancestry calls of the two methods agreeing at 99.26% of loci across the three parameter groups. In addition to it being faster than HAPMIX, it is also found to perform well over a range of extent of admixture in a simulation involving three ancestral populations. In an analysis of real data, we estimate the contribution of European, West African and Native American ancestry to each locus in the Mexican samples of HapMap, giving estimates of ancestral proportions that are consistent with those previously reported.
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Palmer JR, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Rotimi CN, Cupples LA, Cozier YC, Adams-Campbell LL, Rosenberg L. Genetic susceptibility loci for subtypes of breast cancer in an African American population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 22:127-34. [PMID: 23136140 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in European ancestry populations; no risk variants for breast cancer have been identified solely from African ancestry GWAS data. Few GWAS hits have replicated in African ancestry populations. METHODS In a nested case-control study of breast cancer in the Black Women's Health Study (1,199 cases/1,948 controls), we evaluated index single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 21 loci from GWAS of European or Asian ancestry populations, overall, in subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status (ER+/PR+, n = 336; ER-/PR-, n = 229), and in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, N = 81). To evaluate the contribution of genetic factors to population differences in breast cancer subtype, we also examined global percent African ancestry. RESULTS Index SNPs in five loci were replicated, including three associated with ER-/PR- breast cancer (TERT rs10069690 in 5p15.33, rs704010 in 10q22.3, and rs8170 in 19p13.11): per allele ORs were 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.59], P = 0.02, 1.52 (95% CI 1.12-2.08), P = 0.01, and 1.30 (95% CI 1.01-1.68), P = 0.04, respectively. Stronger associations were observed for TNBC. Furthermore, cases in the highest quintile of percent African ancestry were three times more likely to have TNBC than ER+/PR+ cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first confirmation of the TNBC SNP rs8170 in an African ancestry population, and independent confirmation of the TERT ER- SNP. Furthermore, the risk of developing ER- breast cancer, particularly TNBC, increased with increasing proportion of global African ancestry. IMPACT The findings illustrate the importance of genetic factors in the disproportionately high occurrence of TNBC in African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Levran O, Awolesi O, Shen PH, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Estimating ancestral proportions in a multi-ethnic US sample: implications for studies of admixed populations. Hum Genomics 2012; 6:2. [PMID: 23244743 PMCID: PMC3437566 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the ancestral composition of a multi-ethnic sample collected for studies of drug addictions in New York City and Las Vegas, and to examine the reliability of self-identified ethnicity and three-generation family history data. Ancestry biographical scores for seven clusters corresponding to world major geographical regions were obtained using STRUCTURE, based on genotypes of 168 ancestry informative markers (AIMs), for a sample of 1,291 African Americans (AA), European Americans (EA), and Hispanic Americans (HA) along with data from 1,051 HGDP-CEPH ‘diversity panel’ as a reference. Self-identified ethnicity and family history data, obtained in an interview, were accurate in identifying the individual major ancestry in the AA and the EA samples (approximately 99% and 95%, respectively) but were not useful for the HA sample and could not predict the extent of admixture in any group. The mean proportions of the combined clusters corresponding to European and Middle Eastern populations in the AA sample, revealed by AIMs analysis, were 0.13. The HA subjects, predominantly Puerto Ricans, showed a highly variable hybrid contribution pattern of clusters corresponding to Europe (0.27), Middle East (0.27), Africa (0.20), and Central Asia (0.14). The effect of admixture on allele frequencies is demonstrated for two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (118A > G, 17 C > T) of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). This study reiterates the importance of AIMs in defining ancestry, especially in admixed populations.
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Reding KW, Carlson CS, Kahsai O, Chen CC, McDavid A, Doody DR, Chen C, Ornelas I, Lowe K, Bernstein L, Weiss L, McDonald JA, Simon MS, Strom B, Marchbanks PA, Burkman R, Spirtas R, Liff JM, Malone KE. Examination of ancestral informative markers and self-reported race with tumor characteristics of breast cancer among Black and White women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:801-9. [PMID: 22648732 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
African American (AA) women have a higher mortality from breast cancer (BC) compared to European American (EA) women. This may be due to the higher proportion of AA women with tumors that are diagnosed at more advanced stages and are characterized as being estrogen receptor negative (ER-)/progesterone receptor negative (PR-). Our study sought to determine whether self-reported race and percent African ancestry were associated with BC tumor characteristics. In a multi-center, population-based case-control study of BC, we determined percent African ancestry using ancestry informative markers (AIM) among women self-reporting race as AA or Black. BC tumor characteristics were associated with self-reported race (including a 30 % reduction in ER+/PR+ tumors [95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-0.9] and a 1.5-fold increased risk of high grade [95 % CI: 1.2-1.9] for AA women compared to EA women). AIMs among AA women were not associated with BC tumor characteristics (AA women with ≥95 % versus <80 % African ancestry, odds ratio [OR] = 1.0 for ER+/PR+ [95 % CI: 0.6-1.8] and OR = 0.9 for high-grade tumors [95 % CI: 0.6-1.4]). Similar findings were observed for BC stage. While BC subtypes were associated with self-reported race, BC subtypes were not associated with percent African ancestry. These study results suggest that subtle differences in percent African ancestry are less important than the overall presence of African ancestry in relation to BC tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn W Reding
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop M4-B874, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Ko K, Franek BS, Marion M, Kaufman KM, Langefeld CD, Harley JB, Niewold TB. Genetic ancestry, serum interferon-α activity, and autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1238-40. [PMID: 22505704 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate and refine the relationships among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related autoantibodies, interferon-α (IFN-α), and various ancestral backgrounds. METHODS We investigated quantitatively defined genetic ancestry through principal component analysis in place of self-reported ancestry. RESULTS African ancestry was found to be associated with presence of anti-RNP antibody (p = 0.0026), and anti-RNP was correlated with high levels of IFN-α (p = 2.8 × 10(-5)). CONCLUSION Our data support a model in which African ancestry increases the likelihood of SLE-associated autoantibody formation, which subsequently results in higher levels of serum IFN-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Ko
- Section of Rheumatology, Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Qin H, Zhu X. Power comparison of admixture mapping and direct association analysis in genome-wide association studies. Genet Epidemiol 2012; 36:235-43. [PMID: 22460597 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When dense markers are available, one can interrogate almost every common variant across the genome via imputation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) test, which has become a routine in current genome-wide association studies (GWASs). As a complement, admixture mapping exploits the long-range linkage disequilibrium (LD) generated by admixture between genetically distinct ancestral populations. It is then questionable whether admixture mapping analysis is still necessary in detecting the disease associated variants in admixed populations. We argue that admixture mapping is able to reduce the burden of massive comparisons in GWASs; it therefore can be a powerful tool to locate the disease variants with substantial allele frequency differences between ancestral populations. In this report we studied a two-stage approach, where candidate regions are defined by conducting admixture mapping at stage 1, and single SNP association tests are followed at stage 2 within the candidate regions defined at stage 1. We first established the genome-wide significance levels corresponding to the criteria to define the candidate regions at stage 1 by simulations. We next compared the power of the two-stage approach with direct association analysis. Our simulations suggest that the two-stage approach can be more powerful than the standard genome-wide association analysis when the allele frequency difference of a causal variant in ancestral populations, is larger than 0.4. Our conclusion is consistent with a theoretical prediction by Risch and Tang ([2006] Am J Hum Genet 79:S254). Surprisingly, our study also suggests that power can be improved when we use less strict criteria to define the candidate regions at stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhen Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Reding KW, Chen C, Lowe K, Doody DR, Carlson CS, Chen CT, Houck J, Weiss LK, Marchbanks PA, Bernstein L, Spirtas R, McDonald JA, Strom BL, Burkman RT, Simon MS, Liff JM, Daling JR, Malone KE. Estrogen-related genes and their contribution to racial differences in breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:671-81. [PMID: 22418777 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Racial differences in breast cancer risk, including the risks of hormone receptor subtypes of breast cancer, have been previously reported. We evaluated whether variation in genes related to estrogen metabolism (COMT, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, ESR1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, HSD17B1, SULT1A1, and UGT1A1) contributes to breast cancer risk and/or racial differences in risk within the CARE study, a multi-centered, population-based case-control study of breast cancer. Genetic variation was assessed as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes, and SNP-hormone therapy (HT) interactions within a subset of 1,644 cases and 1,451 controls, including 949 Black women (493 cases and 456 controls), sampled from the CARE study population. No appreciable associations with breast cancer risk were detected for single SNPs or haplotypes in women overall. We detected SNP-HT interactions in women overall within CYP1B1 (rs1800440; p (het) = 0.003) and within CYP17A1 (rs743572; p (het) = 0.009) in which never users of HT were at a decreased risk of breast cancer, while ever users were at a non-significant increased risk. When investigated among racial groups, we detected evidence of an SNP-HT interaction with CYP1B1 in White women (p value = 0.02) and with CYP17A1 in Black women (p value = 0.04). This analysis suggests that HT use may modify the effect of variation in estrogen-related genes on breast cancer risk, which may affect Black and White women to a different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn W Reding
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Delaney JT, Jeff JM, Brown NJ, Pretorius M, Okafor HE, Darbar D, Roden DM, Crawford DC. Characterization of genome-wide association-identified variants for atrial fibrillation in African Americans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32338. [PMID: 22384221 PMCID: PMC3285683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a greater burden of risk factors, atrial fibrillation (AF) is less common among African Americans than European-descent populations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF in European-descent populations have identified three predominant genomic regions associated with increased risk (1q21, 4q25, and 16q22). The contribution of these loci to AF risk in African American is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We studied 73 African Americans with AF from the Vanderbilt-Meharry AF registry and 71 African American controls, with no history of AF including after cardiac surgery. Tests of association were performed for 148 SNPs across the three regions associated with AF, and 22 SNPs were significantly associated with AF (P<0.05). The SNPs with the strongest associations in African Americans were both different from the index SNPs identified in European-descent populations and independent from the index European-descent population SNPs (r(2)<0.40 in HapMap CEU): 1q21 rs4845396 (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.67, P = 0.003), 4q25 rs4631108 (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.59-7.42, P = 0.002), and 16q22 rs16971547 (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.46-45.4, P = 0.016). Estimates of European ancestry were similar among cases (23.6%) and controls (23.8%). Accordingly, the probability of having two copies of the European derived chromosomes at each region did not differ between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Variable European admixture at known AF loci does not explain decreased AF susceptibility in African Americans. These data support the role of 1q21, 4q25, and 16q22 variants in AF risk for African Americans, although the index SNPs differ from those identified in European-descent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Delaney
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Janina M. Jeff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nancy J. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mias Pretorius
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Henry E. Okafor
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dan M. Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Chen F, Chen GK, Millikan RC, John EM, Ambrosone CB, Bernstein L, Zheng W, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Deming SL, Bandera EV, Nyante S, Palmer JR, Rebbeck TR, Ingles SA, Press MF, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Chanock SJ, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Stram DO, Haiman CA. Fine-mapping of breast cancer susceptibility loci characterizes genetic risk in African Americans. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4491-503. [PMID: 21852243 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed 19 common genetic variants that are associated with breast cancer risk. Testing of the index signals found through GWAS and fine-mapping of each locus in diverse populations will be necessary for characterizing the role of these risk regions in contributing to inherited susceptibility. In this large study of breast cancer in African-American women (3016 cases and 2745 controls), we tested the 19 known risk variants identified by GWAS and replicated associations (P < 0.05) with only 4 variants. Through fine-mapping, we identified markers in four regions that better capture the association with breast cancer risk in African Americans as defined by the index signal (2q35, 5q11, 10q26 and 19p13). We also identified statistically significant associations with markers in four separate regions (8q24, 10q22, 11q13 and 16q12) that are independent of the index signals and may represent putative novel risk variants. In aggregate, the more informative markers found in the study enhance the association of these risk regions with breast cancer in African Americans [per allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, P = 2.8 × 10(-24) versus OR = 1.04, P = 6.1 × 10(-5)]. In this detailed analysis of the known breast cancer risk loci, we have validated and improved upon markers of risk that better characterize their association with breast cancer in women of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ruiz-Narváez EA, Rosenberg L, Wise LA, Reich D, Palmer JR. Validation of a small set of ancestral informative markers for control of population admixture in African Americans. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:587-92. [PMID: 21262910 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Confounding due to population stratification is a potential source of concern in population-based genetic association studies, particularly in recently admixed populations such as African Americans. Several methods have been developed to control for population stratification in the context of genome-wide association studies. Because these approaches require thousands of genotypes from genetic markers, they are not well suited to be used in genetic association analyses without genome-wide data. An alternative approach to control for population stratification is to estimate admixture proportions by using ancestral informative markers (AIMs). The authors evaluated whether a relatively small number of AIMs would be sufficient to estimate ancestral proportions in African Americans. They first estimated European admixture proportions in 1,757 subjects from the Black Women's Health Study (1995-2009) by genotyping an admixture panel of 1,373 AIMs; they then compared these results with those obtained using smaller sets of AIMs. The authors found that just 30 AIMs are needed to obtain very high correlation of estimates with the entire set (r = 0.89; P < 0.0001). A set of 200 AIMs gave an almost perfect correlation with the entire set (r = 0.98; P < 0.0001). These results show that a small number of AIMs are sufficiently precise to estimate European admixture in African Americans.
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Kidd JR, Friedlaender FR, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, De La Vega FM, Kidd KK. Analyses of a set of 128 ancestry informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a global set of 119 population samples. INVESTIGATIVE GENETICS 2011; 2:1. [PMID: 21208434 PMCID: PMC3025953 DOI: 10.1186/2041-2223-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Using DNA to determine an individual's ancestry from among human populations is generally interesting and useful for many purposes, including admixture mapping, controlling for population structure in disease or trait association studies and forensic ancestry inference. However, to estimate ancestry, including possible admixture within an individual, as well as heterogeneity within a group of individuals, allele frequencies are necessary for what are believed to be the contributing populations. For this purpose, panels of ancestry informative markers (AIMs) have been developed. Results We are presenting our work on one such panel, composed of 128 ancestry informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (AISNPs) already proposed in the literature. Compared to previous studies of these AISNPs, we have studied three times the number of individuals (4,871) in three times as many population samples (119). We have validated this panel for many ancestry assignment and admixture studies, especially those that were the rationale for the original selection of the 128 SNPs: African Americans and Mexican Americans. At the same time, the limitations of the panel for distinguishing ancestry and quantifying admixture among Eurasian populations are noted. Conclusion We demonstrate the simultaneous importance of the specific set of population samples and their relative sample sizes in the use of the structure program to determine which groups cluster together and consequently influence the ability of a marker panel to infer ancestry. We demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this particular panel of AISNPs in a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Kidd
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Ademuyiwa FO, Edge SB, Erwin DO, Orom H, Ambrosone CB, Underwood W. Breast cancer racial disparities: unanswered questions. Cancer Res 2010; 71:640-4. [PMID: 21135114 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer diagnosed in women in the United States and is second only to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although mortality rates have been dropping steadily due to a variety of factors including improved treatment modalities and screening, substantial racial differences in outcome between blacks and whites persist. Although differences in health care utilization and access, tumor biology, and cancer management have been elucidated as possible reasons for disparities seen, it is likely that other interactions exist. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to present a comprehensive overview of the literature on racial disparities in breast cancer outcome and highlight potential causative factors that may contribute to disparities seen among blacks and whites with breast cancer. In addition, we make research recommendations by discussing some of the remaining gaps in knowledge that may lead to further understanding of disparities and consequently improved outcomes for all women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluso O Ademuyiwa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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Case studies in the co-production of populations and genetics: The making of ‘at risk populations’ in BRCA genetics. BIOSOCIETIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1057/biosoc.2010.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wang H, Haiman CA, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Stram DO. Self-reported ethnicity, genetic structure and the impact of population stratification in a multiethnic study. Hum Genet 2010; 128:165-77. [PMID: 20499252 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that population substructure may lead to confounding in case-control association studies. Here, we examined genetic structure in a large racially and ethnically diverse sample consisting of five ethnic groups of the Multiethnic Cohort study (African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, European Americans and Native Hawaiians) using 2,509 SNPs distributed across the genome. Principal component analysis on 6,213 study participants, 18 Native Americans and 11 HapMap III populations revealed four important principal components (PCs): the first two separated Asians, Europeans and Africans, and the third and fourth corresponded to Native American and Native Hawaiian (Polynesian) ancestry, respectively. Individual ethnic composition derived from self-reported parental information matched well to genetic ancestry for Japanese and European Americans. STRUCTURE-estimated individual ancestral proportions for African Americans and Latinos are consistent with previous reports. We quantified the East Asian (mean 27%), European (mean 27%) and Polynesian (mean 46%) ancestral proportions for the first time, to our knowledge, for Native Hawaiians. Simulations based on realistic settings of case-control studies nested in the Multiethnic Cohort found that the effect of population stratification was modest and readily corrected by adjusting for race/ethnicity or by adjusting for top PCs derived from all SNPs or from ancestry informative markers; the power of these approaches was similar when averaged across causal variants simulated based on allele frequencies of the 2,509 genotyped markers. The bias may be large in case-only analysis of gene by gene interactions but it can be corrected by top PCs derived from all SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Wang
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala St, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Haiman CA, Stram DO. Exploring genetic susceptibility to cancer in diverse populations. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2010; 20:330-5. [PMID: 20359883 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Incidence rates for many cancers differ markedly by race/ethnicity and furthering our understanding of the genetic and environmental causes of such disparities is a scientific and public health need. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely acknowledged to provide important information about the etiology of common cancers. To date, these studies have been primarily conducted in European-derived populations. There are important reasons for extending the reach of GWAS studies to other groups and for conducting multiethnic genetic studies involving multiple populations and admixed populations. These include a (1) need to discover the full scope of variants that affect risk of disease in all populations, (2) furthering the understanding of disease pathways, and (3) to assist in fine-mapping of genetic associations by exploiting the differences in linkage disequilibrium between populations to narrow the range of marker alleles demarking regions that contain a true biologically relevant variant. Challenges to multiethnic studies relating to study power, control for hidden population structure, imputation, and use of shared controls for multiple cancer endpoints are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Admixture mapping is based on the hypothesis that differences in disease rates between populations are due in part to frequency differences in disease-causing genetic variants. In admixed populations, these genetic variants occur more often on chromosome segments inherited from the ancestral population with the higher disease variant frequency. A genome scan for disease association requires only enough markers to identify the ancestral chromosome segments; for recently admixed populations, such as African Americans, 1,500-2,500 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) are sufficient. The method was proposed over 50 years ago, but the AIM panels and statistical methods required have only recently become available. Since the first admixture scan in 2005, the genetic bases for a range of diseases/traits have been identified by admixture mapping. Here, we provide a historical perspective, review AIM panels and software packages, and discuss recent successes and unexpected insights into human diseases that exhibit disparate rates across human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Marchbanks PA, McDonald JA, Wilson HG, Folger SG, Mandel MG, Daling JR, Bernstein L, Malone KE, Ursin G, Strom BL, Norman SA, Wingo PA, Burkman RT, Berlin JA, Simon MS, Spirtas R, Weiss LK. Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002; 4:174-91. [PMID: 12087137 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether the use of an oral contraceptive increases the risk of breast cancer later in life, when the incidence of breast cancer is increased. We conducted a population-based, case-control study to determine the risk of breast cancer among former and current users of oral contraceptives. METHODS We interviewed women who were 35 to 64 years old. A total of 4575 women with breast cancer and 4682 controls were interviewed. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios as estimates of the relative risk (incidence-density ratios) of breast cancer. RESULTS The relative risk was 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.3) for women who were currently using oral contraceptives and 0.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.0) for those who had previously used them. The relative risk did not increase consistently with longer periods of use or with higher doses of estrogen. The results were similar among white and black women. Use of oral contraceptives by women with a family history of breast cancer was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, nor was the initiation of oral-contraceptive use at a young age. CONCLUSIONS Among women from 35 to 64 years of age, current or former oral-contraceptive use was not associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly A Marchbanks
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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