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Siegfried LG, Bilik SM, Burgess JL, Catanuto P, Jozic I, Pastar I, Stone RC, Tomic-Canic M. An Optimized and Advanced Algorithm for the Quantification of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Keratinocytes. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100270. [PMID: 38756235 PMCID: PMC11097113 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in pathology have given rise to software applications intended to minimize human error and improve efficacy of image analysis. Still, the subjectivity of image quantification performed manually and the limitations of the most ubiquitous tissue stain analysis software requiring parameters tuned by the observer, reveal the need for a highly accurate, automated nuclear quantification software specific to immunohistochemistry, with improved precision and efficiency compared with the methods currently in use. We present a method for the quantification of immunohistochemical biomarkers in keratinocyte nuclei proposed to overcome these limitations, contributing sensitive shape-focused segmentation, accurate nuclear detection, and automated device-independent color assessment, without observer-dependent analysis parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G. Siegfried
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sophie M. Bilik
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jamie L. Burgess
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paola Catanuto
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rivka C. Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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2
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Tong H, Capuano AW, Carmichael OT, Gwizdala KL, Bennett DA, Ahima RS, Arnold SE, Arvanitakis Z. Brain Insulin Signaling is Associated with Late-Life Cognitive Decline. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1117. [PMID: 38029396 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and the underlying mechanism might involve abnormal insulin signaling in the brain. The objective of this study was to examine the association of postmortem brain insulin signaling with late-life cognitive decline. Among participants of Religious Orders Study, a community-based clinical-pathological cohort, 150 deceased and autopsied older individuals (75 with diabetes matched to 75 without by age at death, sex, and education) had postmortem brain insulin signaling measurements collected in the prefrontal cortex using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. By using adjusted linear mixed-effects models, we examined the association of postmortem brain insulin signaling with late-life cognitive function assessed longitudinally (mean follow-up duration = 9.4 years) using a battery of neuropsychological tests. We found that a higher level of serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) phosphorylation (pT308AKT1/total AKT1) was associated with a faster decline in global cognition (estimate = -0.023, p = 0.030), and three domains: episodic memory (estimate = -0.024, p = 0.032), working memory (estimate = -0.018, p = 0.012), and visuospatial abilities (estimate = -0.013, p = 0.027). The level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) phosphorylation (pS307IRS1/total IRS1) was not associated with decline in global cognition or most cognitive domains, except for perceptual speed (estimate = 0.020, p = 0.020). The density of pS616IRS1-stained cells was not associated with decline in global cognition or any of the domains. In conclusion, these findings provide novel evidence for an association between brain insulin signaling and late-life cognitive decline. AKT phosphorylation is associated with a decline in global cognition and memory in particular, whereas IRS1 phosphorylation is associated with a decline in perceptual speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Wang F, Liu H, Xu Y, Liang Z, Wu Z, Liu Y, Zhang B. Detection of HER-3 with an AlGaN/GaN-Based Ion-Sensitive Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor Biosensor. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1186. [PMID: 37374771 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER-3) plays a key role in the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. The detection of HER-3 is very important for early screening and treatment of cancer. The AlGaN/GaN-based ion-sensitive heterostructure field effect transistor (ISHFET) is sensitive to surface charges. This makes it a promising candidate for the detection of HER-3. In this paper, we developed a biosensor for the detection of HER-3 with AlGaN/GaN-based ISHFET. The AlGaN/GaN-based ISHFET biosensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.53 ± 0.04 mA/dec in 0.01 M phosphate buffer saline (1× PBS) (pH = 7.4) solution with 4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a source and drain voltage of 2 V. The detection limit is 2 ng/mL. A higher sensitivity (2.20 ± 0.15 mA/dec) can be achieved in 1× PBS buffer solution at a source and drain voltage of 2 V. The AlGaN/GaN-based ISHFET biosensor can be used for micro-liter (5 μL) solution measurements and the measurement can be performed after incubation of 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honghui Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiwen Liang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhisheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Baijun Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Chiriboga L, Callis GM, Wang Y, Chlipala E. Guide for collecting and reporting metadata on protocol variables and parameters from slide-based histotechnology assays to enhance reproducibility. J Histotechnol 2022; 45:132-147. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2134022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYULH Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas, MO, USA
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5
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S. Significance of p53 overexpression in the prediction of the malignant transformation risk of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2022; 126:105734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Serkad CPV, Attuluri AK, Basavaraj C, Adinarayan M, Krishnamoorthy N, Ananthamurthy SB, Mallikarjuna SE, Bakre MM. Validation of CanAssist Breast immunohistochemistry biomarkers on an automated platform and its applicability in tissue microarray. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:1013-1021. [PMID: 34760037 PMCID: PMC8569307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CanAssist Breast (CAB) is a prognostic test for early-stage hormone receptor-positive invasive breast cancer. The test involves performing immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for five biomarkers, namely CD44, ABCC4, ABCC11, N-cadherin, and pan-cadherin. In addition to IHC grading information, three clinical features, i.e., tumor size, grade, and lymph node status, serve as input into the machine learning-based algorithm to generate the CAB risk score. CAB was developed and initially validated using manual IHC. This study's objectives included: i) automate CAB IHC on an autostainer and establish its performance equivalence with manual IHC ii) validate CAB test using samples in Tissue MicroArray (TMA) format. IHC for CAB biomarkers was standardized on Ventana BenchMark XT autostainer. Two IHC methods were compared for IHC gradings and corresponding CAB risk scores/risk categories. A concordance analysis was done using MedCalcTM software. The manual and automated IHC staining methods exhibited a high level of concordance on IHC gradings for 40 cases with an Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of >0.85 for 4 of 5 biomarkers. 100% concordance was achieved in risk categorization (low- or high-risk), with very good agreement between the risk scores demonstrated by a kappa statistic of 0.83. TMA versus whole tissue section concordance was analyzed using 45 samples on an autostainer, and the data showed 92% concordance in terms of risk category. The results confirm the equivalence between manual and automated staining methods and demonstrate the utility of TMA as an acceptable format for CanAssist Breast testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chetana Basavaraj
- OncoStem Diagnostics Private Limited Bangalore 560027, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjiri M Bakre
- OncoStem Diagnostics Private Limited Bangalore 560027, Karnataka, India
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7
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Laberiano-Fernández C, Hernández-Ruiz S, Rojas F, Parra ER. Best Practices for Technical Reproducibility Assessment of Multiplex Immunofluorescence. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:660202. [PMID: 34532339 PMCID: PMC8438151 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.660202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) tyramide signal amplification is a new and useful tool for the study of cancer that combines the staining of multiple markers in a single slide. Several technical requirements are important to performing high-quality staining and analysis and to obtaining high internal and external reproducibility of the results. This review manuscript aimed to describe the mIF panel workflow and discuss the challenges and solutions for ensuring that mIF panels have the highest reproducibility possible. Although this platform has shown high flexibility in cancer studies, it presents several challenges in pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic evaluation, as well as with external comparisons. Adequate antibody selection, antibody optimization and validation, panel design, staining optimization and validation, analysis strategies, and correct data generation are important for reproducibility and to minimize or identify possible issues during the mIF staining process that sometimes are not completely under our control, such as the tissue fixation process, storage, and cutting procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caddie Laberiano-Fernández
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharia Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frank Rojas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Ghantasala S, Pai MGJ, Biswas D, Gahoi N, Mukherjee S, KP M, Nissa MU, Srivastava A, Epari S, Shetty P, Moiyadi A, Srivastava S. Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Based Targeted Assays for the Validation of Protein Biomarkers in Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:548243. [PMID: 34055594 PMCID: PMC8162214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.548243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of omics technologies over the last decade has helped in advancement of research and our understanding of complex diseases like brain cancers. However, barring genomics, no other omics technology has been able to find utility in clinical settings. The recent advancements in mass spectrometry instrumentation have resulted in proteomics technologies becoming more sensitive and reliable. Targeted proteomics, a relatively new branch of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has shown immense potential in addressing the shortcomings of the standard molecular biology-based techniques like Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. In this study we demonstrate the utility of Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), a targeted proteomics approach, in quantifying peptides from proteins like Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Prostaglandin H2 D-Isomerase (PTGDS), Vitronectin (VTN) and Complement C3 (C3) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from Glioma and Meningioma patients. Additionally, we also report transitions for peptides from proteins - Vimentin (VIM), Cystatin-C (CST3) and Clusterin (CLU) in surgically resected Meningioma tissues; Annexin A1 (ANXA1), Superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and VIM in surgically resected Glioma tissues; and Microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2), Splicing factor 3B subunit 2 (SF3B2) and VIM in surgically resected Medulloblastoma tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the use of MRM to validate proteins from three types of brain malignancies and two different bio-specimens. Future studies involving a large cohort of samples aimed at accurately detecting and quantifying peptides of proteins with roles in brain malignancies could potentially result in a panel of proteins showing ability to classify and grade tumors. Successful application of these techniques could ultimately offer alternative strategies with increased accuracy, sensitivity and lower turnaround time making them translatable to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saicharan Ghantasala
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Medha Gayathri J. Pai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Deeptarup Biswas
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikita Gahoi
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shuvolina Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Manubhai KP
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Mehar Un Nissa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre’s – Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Shetty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre’s – Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre’s – Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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9
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MacNeil T, Vathiotis IA, Martinez-Morilla S, Yaghoobi V, Zugazagoitia J, Liu Y, Rimm DL. Antibody validation for protein expression on tissue slides: a protocol for immunohistochemistry. Biotechniques 2020; 69:460-468. [PMID: 32852223 PMCID: PMC7807291 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in basic research and clinical decision-making. However, there are no standardized algorithms or guidelines to ensure their accuracy and validity. There have been efforts to generate consensus, but, with the exception of clinical labs, antibody validation remains variable in the literature and sometimes in clinical practice. Here we focus on immunohistochemistry, an example of a scientific and clinical tool where validation of antibodies is critical. We describe a protocol that we use to validate antibodies specifically for immunohistochemistry, including some of the pillars of antibody validation from Uhlen et al. 2016, as an example of a rigorous approach to build antibody-based tests for both basic and translational science labs and for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler MacNeil
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | - Vesal Yaghoobi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jon Zugazagoitia
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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10
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Taube JM, Akturk G, Angelo M, Engle EL, Gnjatic S, Greenbaum S, Greenwald NF, Hedvat CV, Hollmann TJ, Juco J, Parra ER, Rebelatto MC, Rimm DL, Rodriguez-Canales J, Schalper KA, Stack EC, Ferreira CS, Korski K, Lako A, Rodig SJ, Schenck E, Steele KE, Surace MJ, Tetzlaff MT, von Loga K, Wistuba II, Bifulco CB. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer statement on best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining and validation. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000155. [PMID: 32414858 PMCID: PMC7239569 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The interaction between the immune system and tumor cells is an important feature for the prognosis and treatment of cancer. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) analyses are emerging technologies that can be used to help quantify immune cell subsets, their functional state, and their spatial arrangement within the tumor microenvironment. METHODS The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a task force of pathologists and laboratory leaders from academic centers as well as experts from pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies to develop best practice guidelines for the optimization and validation of mIHC/mIF assays across platforms. RESULTS Representative outputs and the advantages and disadvantages of mIHC/mIF approaches, such as multiplexed chromogenic IHC, multiplexed immunohistochemical consecutive staining on single slide, mIF (including multispectral approaches), tissue-based mass spectrometry, and digital spatial profiling are discussed. CONCLUSIONS mIHC/mIF technologies are becoming standard tools for biomarker studies and are likely to enter routine clinical practice in the near future. Careful assay optimization and validation will help ensure outputs are robust and comparable across laboratories as well as potentially across mIHC/mIF platforms. Quantitative image analysis of mIHC/mIF output and data management considerations will be addressed in a complementary manuscript from this task force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis M Taube
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guray Akturk
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York City, USA
| | - Michael Angelo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Engle
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York City, USA
| | - Shirley Greenbaum
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Travis J Hollmann
- Dermatopathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Cláudia S Ferreira
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Konstanty Korski
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ana Lako
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katharina von Loga
- Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Nath S, Pigula M, Khan AP, Hanna W, Ruhi MK, Dehkordy FM, Pushpavanam K, Rege K, Moore K, Tsujita Y, Conrad C, Inci F, del Carmen MG, Franco W, Celli JP, Demirci U, Hasan T, Huang HC, Rizvi I. Flow-induced Shear Stress Confers Resistance to Carboplatin in an Adherent Three-Dimensional Model for Ovarian Cancer: A Role for EGFR-Targeted Photoimmunotherapy Informed by Physical Stress. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040924. [PMID: 32231055 PMCID: PMC7230263 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A key reason for the persistently grim statistics associated with metastatic ovarian cancer is resistance to conventional agents, including platinum-based chemotherapies. A major source of treatment failure is the high degree of genetic and molecular heterogeneity, which results from significant underlying genomic instability, as well as stromal and physical cues in the microenvironment. Ovarian cancer commonly disseminates via transcoelomic routes to distant sites, which is associated with the frequent production of malignant ascites, as well as the poorest prognosis. In addition to providing a cell and protein-rich environment for cancer growth and progression, ascitic fluid also confers physical stress on tumors. An understudied area in ovarian cancer research is the impact of fluid shear stress on treatment failure. Here, we investigate the effect of fluid shear stress on response to platinum-based chemotherapy and the modulation of molecular pathways associated with aggressive disease in a perfusion model for adherent 3D ovarian cancer nodules. Resistance to carboplatin is observed under flow with a concomitant increase in the expression and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as downstream signaling members mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The uptake of platinum by the 3D ovarian cancer nodules was significantly higher in flow cultures compared to static cultures. A downregulation of phospho-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), vinculin, and phospho-paxillin was observed following carboplatin treatment in both flow and static cultures. Interestingly, low-dose anti-EGFR photoimmunotherapy (PIT), a targeted photochemical modality, was found to be equally effective in ovarian tumors grown under flow and static conditions. These findings highlight the need to further develop PIT-based combinations that target the EGFR, and sensitize ovarian cancers to chemotherapy in the context of flow-induced shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Nath
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Michael Pigula
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Amjad P. Khan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
| | - William Hanna
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA; (W.H.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA
| | - Farzaneh Mahmoodpoor Dehkordy
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Karthik Pushpavanam
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (K.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Kaushal Rege
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (K.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Kaitlin Moore
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Yujiro Tsujita
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Christina Conrad
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Fatih Inci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (F.I.); (U.D.)
| | - Marcela G. del Carmen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Walfre Franco
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA; (W.H.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (F.I.); (U.D.)
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (H.-C.H.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.P.); (A.P.K.); (M.K.R.); (F.M.D.); (K.M.); (Y.T.); (W.F.); (T.H.)
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Analytical Performance of an Immunoprofiling Assay Based on RNA Models. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:555-570. [PMID: 32036085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As immuno-oncology drugs grow more popular in the treatment of cancer, better methods are needed to quantify the tumor immune cell component to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment. Methods such as flow cytometry can accurately assess the composition of infiltrating immune cells; however, they show limited use in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. This article describes a novel hybrid-capture RNA sequencing assay, ImmunoPrism, that estimates the relative percentage abundance of eight immune cell types in FFPE solid tumors. Immune health expression models were generated using machine learning methods and used to uniquely identify each immune cell type using the most discriminatively expressed genes. The analytical performance of the assay was assessed using 101 libraries from 40 FFPE and 32 fresh-frozen samples. With defined samples, ImmunoPrism had a precision of ±2.72%, a total error of 2.75%, and a strong correlation (r2 = 0.81; P < 0.001) to flow cytometry. ImmunoPrism had similar performance in dissociated tumor cell samples (total error of 8.12%) and correlated strongly with immunohistochemistry (CD8: r2 = 0.83; P < 0.001) in FFPE samples. Other performance metrics were determined, including limit of detection, reportable range, and reproducibility. The approach used for analytical validation is shared here so that it may serve as a helpful framework for other laboratories when validating future complex RNA-based assays.
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13
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Elliot S, Periera-Simon S, Xia X, Catanuto P, Rubio G, Shahzeidi S, El Salem F, Shapiro J, Briegel K, Korach KS, Glassberg MK. MicroRNA let-7 Downregulates Ligand-Independent Estrogen Receptor-mediated Male-Predominant Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1246-1257. [PMID: 31291549 PMCID: PMC6857483 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0508oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The relevance of hormones in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a predominantly male lung disease, is unknown.Objectives: To determine whether the ER (estrogen receptor) facilitates the development of pulmonary fibrosis and is mediated in part through microRNA regulation of ERα and ERα-activated profibrotic pathways.Methods: ER expression in male lung tissue and myofibroblasts from control subjects (n = 6) and patients with IPF (n = 6), aging bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice (n = 7), and BLM-treated AF2ERKI mice (n = 7) was determined. MicroRNAs that regulate ER and fibrotic pathways were assessed. Transfections with a reporter plasmid containing the 3' untranslated region of the gene encoding ERα (ESR1) with and without miRNA let-7 mimics or inhibitors or an estrogen response element-driven reporter construct (ERE) construct were conducted.Measurements and Main Results: ERα expression increased in IPF lung tissue, myofibroblasts, or BLM mice. In vitro treatment with let-7 mimic transfections in human myofibroblasts reduced ERα expression and associated fibrotic pathways. AF2ERKI mice developed BLM-induced lung fibrosis, suggesting a role for growth factors in stimulating ER and fibrosis. IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) expression was increased and induced a fourfold increase of an ERE construct.Conclusions: Our data show 1) a critical role for ER and let-7 in lung fibrosis, and 2) that IGF may stimulate ER in an E2-independent manner. These results underscore the role of sex steroid hormones and their receptors in diseases that demonstrate a sex prevalence, such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Shahriar Shahzeidi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Fadi El Salem
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Josh Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Kenneth S. Korach
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Marilyn K. Glassberg
- Department of Surgery
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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14
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Riegman PHJ, Becker KF, Zatloukal K, Pazzagli M, Schröder U, Oelmuller U. How standardization of the pre-analytical phase of both research and diagnostic biomaterials can increase reproducibility of biomedical research and diagnostics. N Biotechnol 2019; 53:35-40. [PMID: 31202859 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of published biomedical studies shows that a large proportion are irreproducible, causing severe damage to society and creating an image of wasted investments. These observations are of course damaging to the biomedical research field, which is currently full of future promise. Precision medicine and disease prevention are successful, but are progressing slowly due to irreproducible study results. Although standardization is mentioned as a possible solution, it is not always clear how this could decrease or prevent irreproducible results in biomedical studies. In this article more insight is given into what quality, norms, standardization, certification, accreditation and optimized infrastructure can accomplish to reveal causes of irreproducibility and increase reproducibility when collecting biomaterials. CEN and ISO standards for the sample pre-analytical phase are currently being developed with the support of the SPIDIA4P project, and their role in increasing reproducibility in both biomedical research and diagnostics is demonstrated. In particular, it is described how standardized methods and quality assurance documentation can be exploited as tools for: 1) recognition and rejection of 'not fit for purpose' samples on the basis of detailed sample metadata, and 2) identification of methods that contribute to irreproducibility which can be adapted or replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H J Riegman
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Pathology department, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - K F Becker
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Pathology, Trogerstrasse 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - K Zatloukal
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - M Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - U Schröder
- DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., Saatwinkler Damm 42/43, 13627 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Oelmuller
- QIAGEN GmbH, MDx Development, QIAGEN Str. 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
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15
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Lassman AB, Roberts-Rapp L, Sokolova I, Song M, Pestova E, Kular R, Mullen C, Zha Z, Lu X, Gomez E, Bhathena A, Maag D, Kumthekar P, Gan HK, Scott AM, Guseva M, Holen KD, Ansell PJ, van den Bent MJ. Comparison of Biomarker Assays for EGFR: Implications for Precision Medicine in Patients with Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3259-3265. [PMID: 30796037 PMCID: PMC8291723 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor prognosis and are in desperate need of better therapies. As therapeutic decisions are increasingly guided by biomarkers, and EGFR abnormalities are common in GBM, thus representing a potential therapeutic target, we systematically evaluated methods of assessing EGFR amplification by multiple assays. Specifically, we evaluated correlation among fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), a standard assay for detecting EGFR amplification, with other methods.Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were used for all assays. EGFR amplification was detected using FISH (N = 206) and whole-exome sequencing (WES, N = 74). EGFR mRNA expression was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, N = 206) and transcriptome profiling (RNAseq, N = 64). EGFR protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC, N = 34). Significant correlations among various methods were determined using Cohen's kappa (κ = 0.61-0.80 defines substantial agreement) or R 2 statistics. RESULTS EGFR mRNA expression levels by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and RT-PCR were highly correlated with EGFR amplification assessed by FISH (κ = 0.702). High concordance was also observed when comparing FISH to WES (κ = 0.739). RNA expression was superior to protein expression in delineating EGFR amplification. CONCLUSIONS Methods for assessing EGFR mRNA expression (RT-PCR, RNAseq) and copy number (WES), but not protein expression (IHC), can be used as surrogates for EGFR amplification (FISH) in GBM. Collectively, our results provide enhanced understanding of available screening options for patients, which may help guide EGFR-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Lassman
- Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng Zha
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xin Lu
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hui K Gan
- Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Turker P, Segersten U, Malmström PU, Hemdan T. Is Bcl-2 a predictive marker of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in patients with urothelial bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy? Scand J Urol 2019; 53:45-50. [PMID: 30806186 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2019.1575467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Response to neoadjuvant cisplatin treatment in bladder cancer has been linked to expression of Bcl-2 protein by cancer cells. The objective of this study was to test Bcl-2 as a predictive marker of neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy response in a patient cohort from randomized cystectomy trials. Methods: Tumor samples were taken from 247 patients with T2-T4 bladder cancer enrolled in two randomized trials comparing cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tissue microarrays from pre-intervention transurethral resection specimens were assessed for Bcl-2 protein status by immunohistochemistry. Extension of staining above 10% was regarded as positive. Downstaging and survival ratios in relation to Bcl-2 immunoreactivity and neoadjuvant chemotherapy utilization were calculated using the log rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results: Bcl-2 expression was positive in 38% and negative in 62% of the 236 evaluable patients. Bcl-2 negative patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a significant increase in survival (p = 0.009), while Bcl-2 positive patients showed no difference (p = 0.4). However, the interaction variable between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and biomarker status was not significant (p = 0.38). When the prognostic value was assessed in the no-chemotherapy group, 5-year overall survival times were significantly better among Bcl-2 positive patients than among Bcl-2 negative patients (42 months vs 33 months, p = 0.04), but again Bcl-2 status did not remain independent when other factors were adjusted. Also, in a multivariate analysis with all patients, Bcl-2 was not significant. Conclusions: Bcl-2 status is not an independent predictor of neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy response and is not prognostic in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polat Turker
- a Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ulrika Segersten
- a Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per-Uno Malmström
- a Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Tammer Hemdan
- a Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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17
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Pelekanou V, Anastasiou E, Bakogeorgou E, Notas G, Kampa M, Garcia-Milian R, Lavredaki K, Moustou E, Chinari G, Arapantoni P, O'Grady A, Georgoulias V, Tsapis A, Stathopoulos EN, Castanas E. Estrogen receptor-alpha isoforms are the main estrogen receptors expressed in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Steroids 2019; 142:65-76. [PMID: 29454903 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression profile of estrogen receptors (ER) in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) remains contradictory. Here we investigated protein and transcriptome expression of ERα wild type and variants. Tissue Micro-Arrays of 200 cases of NSCLC (paired tumor/non-tumor) were assayed by immunohistochemistry using a panel of ERα antibodies targeting different epitopes (HC20, 6F11, 1D5, ERα36 and ERα17p). ERβ epitopes were also examined for comparison. In parallel we conducted a probe-set mapping (Affymetrix HGU133 plus 2 chip) meta-analysis of 12 NSCLC tumor public transcriptomic studies (1418 cases) and 39 NSCLC cell lines. Finally, we have investigated early transcriptional effects of 17β-estradiol, 17β-estradiol-BSA, tamoxifen and their combination in two NSCLC cell lines (A549, H520). ERα transcript and protein detection in NSCLC specimens and cell lines suggests that extranuclear ERα variants, like ERα36, prevail, while wild-type ERα66 is minimally expressed. In non-tumor lung, the wild-type ERα66 is quasi-absent. The combined evaluation of ERα isoform staining intensity and subcellular localization with sex, can discriminate NSCLC subtypes and normal lung. Overall ERα transcription decreases in NSCLC. ERα expression is sex-related in non-tumor tissue, but in NSCLC it is exclusively correlating with tumor histologic subtype. ERα isoform protein expression is higher than ERβ. ERα isoforms are functional and display specific early transcriptional effects following steroid treatment. In conclusion, our data show a wide extranuclear ERα-variant expression in normal lung and NSCLC that is not reported by routine pathology ER evaluation criteria, limited in the nuclear wild type receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Eleftheria Anastasiou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - Efstathia Bakogeorgou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | | | - Katerina Lavredaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - Eleni Moustou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Anthony O'Grady
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Dept. of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland (RCSI), Education & Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
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18
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Sfanos KS, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, Lotan TL, Kulac I, Hicks JL, Zheng Q, Bieberich CJ, Haffner MC, De Marzo AM. If this is true, what does it imply? How end-user antibody validation facilitates insights into biology and disease. Asian J Urol 2019; 6:10-25. [PMID: 30775245 PMCID: PMC6363603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are employed ubiquitously in biomedical sciences, including for diagnostics and therapeutics. One of the most important uses is for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, a process that has been improving and evolving over decades. IHC is useful when properly employed, yet misuse of the method is widespread and contributes to the "reproducibility crisis" in science. We report some of the common problems encountered with IHC assays, and direct readers to a wealth of literature documenting and providing some solutions to this problem. We also describe a series of vignettes that include our approach to analytical validation of antibodies and IHC assays that have facilitated a number of biological insights into prostate cancer and the refutation of a controversial association of a viral etiology in gliomas. We postulate that a great deal of the problem with lack of accuracy in IHC assays stems from the lack of awareness by researchers for the critical necessity for end-users to validate IHC antibodies and assays in their laboratories, regardless of manufacturer claims or past publications. We suggest that one reason for the pervasive lack of end-user validation for research antibodies is that researchers fail to realize that there are two general classes of antibodies employed in IHC. First, there are antibodies that are "clinical grade" reagents used by pathologists to help render diagnoses that influence patient treatment. Such diagnostic antibodies, which tend to be highly validated prior to clinical implementation, are in the vast minority (e.g. < 500). The other main class of antibodies are "research grade" antibodies (now numbering >3 800 000), which are often not extensively validated prior to commercialization. Given increased awareness of the problem, both the United States, National Institutes of Health and some journals are requiring investigators to provide evidence of specificity of their antibody-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S. Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L. Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ibrahim Kulac
- Department of Pathology, Koc Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J. Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lamarca A, Galdy S, Barriuso J, Moghadam S, Beckett E, Rogan J, Backen A, Billington C, McNamara MG, Hubner RA, Cramer A, Valle JW. The HER3 pathway as a potential target for inhibition in patients with biliary tract cancers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206007. [PMID: 30335866 PMCID: PMC6193702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 and HER3 have been investigated in small BTC studies using variable scoring systems. METHODS HER2 and HER3 overexpression/amplification were explored following internationally agreed guidelines using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH), respectively. Logistic regression and survival analysis (Kaplan Meier, Log rank test and Cox Regression) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Sixty-seven eligible patients with Stage I/II (31.3%) or III/IV (68.7%) disease at diagnosis were included. Membrane HER2 overexpression/amplification was identified in 1 patient (1%). HER3 overexpression was predominantly cytoplasmic; the rate of overexpression/amplification of HER3 in membrane and cytoplasm was 16% [ampullary cancer (AMP) (1/13; 8%), gallbladder cancer (GBC) (1/10; 10%), intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (6/26; 23%), extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) (3/18; 17%)] and 24% [AMP (1/13; 8%), GBC (1/10; 10%), ICC (10/26; 38%), ECC (4/18; 22%)], respectively. CONCLUSIONS A significant subset of patients with BTC expressed HER3. Inhibition of HER3 warrants further investigation. A better understanding of the downstream effects of HER3 in BTC requires further mechanistic investigations to identify new biomarkers and improve patient selection for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Galdy
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sharzad Moghadam
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Beckett
- The Christie Pathology Partnership, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Rogan
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Backen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Billington
- The Christie Pathology Partnership, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G. McNamara
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Hubner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Cramer
- The Christie Pathology Partnership, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Juan W. Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Gu L, Wang Z, Zuo J, Li H, Zha L. Prognostic significance of NF-κB expression in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198223. [PMID: 29813121 PMCID: PMC5973575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a key nuclear transcription factor, is associated with prognosis in a variety of human cancers. However, the clinical value of NF-κB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to obtain an accurate evaluation of the relationship between NF-κB expression and survival prognosis of NSCLC patients based on published articles. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for potential articles. A total of 1159 patients from 7 eligible studies comparing prognostic significance of NF-κB expression levels in NSCLC were included in our meta-analysis. I2 statistic and P value were performed to evaluate heterogeneity. The results of analysis were presented as hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity of NSCLC patients and NF-kB cellular localization within cancer cells were conducted to illustrate the potential discrepancy. Significant heterogeneity was considered at I2>50% and P<0.05, and random-effects model was used. The combined results indicated that higher NF-κB expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients (HR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.51–5.12, P = 0.001). Moreover, NF-κB expression was closely associated with tumor stage (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.18–0.57, P<0.0001), lymph node metastasis (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38–0.83, P = 0.004) and 5-year OS for NSCLC patients (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.02–3.31, P = 0.04). We conclude that NF-κB expression may be a potential unfavorable prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Gu
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Nanlou Health Care Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (LZ)
| | - Lin Zha
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (LZ)
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Hemdan T, Turker P, Malmström PU, Segersten U. Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase-α as a possible predictor of survival and response to cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy in urothelial cancer of the bladder. Scand J Urol 2018; 52:200-205. [DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2018.1439527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammer Hemdan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Polat Turker
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Uno Malmström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Segersten
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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In situ protein detection with enhanced specificity using DNA-conjugated antibodies and proximity ligation. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:253-263. [PMID: 28937142 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are important tools in anatomical pathology and research, but the quality of in situ protein detection by immunohistochemistry greatly depends on the choice of antibodies and the abundance of the targeted proteins. Many antibodies used in scientific research do not meet requirements for specificity and sensitivity. Accordingly, methods that improve antibody performance and produce quantitative data can greatly advance both scientific investigations and clinical diagnostics based on protein expression and in situ localization. We demonstrate here protocols for antibody labeling that allow specific protein detection in tissues via bright-field in situ proximity ligation assays, where each protein molecule must be recognized by two antibodies. We further demonstrate that single polyclonal antibodies or purified serum preparations can be used for these dual recognition assays. The requirement for protein recognition by pairs of antibody conjugates can significantly improve specificity of protein detection over single-binder assays.
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23
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Petersen I, Dietel M, Geilenkeuser WJ, Mireskandari M, Weichert W, Steiger K, Scheel AH, Büttner R, Schirmacher P, Warth A, Lasitschka F, Schildhaus HU, Kirchner T, Reu S, Kreipe H, Länger F, Tiemann M, Schulte C, Jöhrens K. EGFR immunohistochemistry as biomarker for antibody-based therapy of squamous NSCLC – Experience from the first ring trial of the German Quality Assurance Initiative for Pathology (QuIP ® ). Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1530-1535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Hedner C, Borg D, Nodin B, Karnevi E, Jirström K, Eberhard J. Expression and prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3 in oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas preneoadjuvant and postneoadjuvant treatment. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:451-462. [PMID: 29138285 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neoadjuvant treatment has now become the standard of care for oesophageal and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neoadjuvant therapy on the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER1/EGFR), HER2 and HER3, in oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 was examined and compared in pretreatment biopsies, post-treatment surgical resection specimens and metastases in a retrospective cohort of 166 patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or stomach. The relationship between expression of the investigative markers and histopathological response to neoadjuvant treatment, overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) was analysed. RESULTS Conversion of protein expression between pretreatment biopsy and post-treatment surgical resection was seen in 4.6% of the cases for EGFR, 5.9% for HER2% and 19.4% for HER3. Histopathological response to neoadjuvant treatment was significantly and stepwise associated with OS and RFS . High HER3 protein expression in post-treatment surgical resection specimens was significantly associated with a prolonged OS in univariable analysis (HR=0.39; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.93), but did not remain significant in multivariable analysis. Expression of EGFR and HER2 in post-treatment surgical resection specimens was not prognostic. No correlation between pretreatment HER-protein expression and histopathological response was seen. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study underscore the need for further studies on the influence of neoadjuvant treatment on biomarker expression, as this may influence treatment strategy as well as prognosis. Histopathological response is validated as a useful prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Hedner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Karnevi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Novel tools for primary immunodeficiency diagnosis: making a case for deep profiling. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 16:549-556. [PMID: 27749361 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review gives an overview of the systems-immunology single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic approaches that can be applied to study primary immunodeficiency. It also introduces recent advances in multiparameter tissue imaging, which allows extensive immune phenotyping in disease-affected tissue. RECENT FINDINGS Mass cytometry is a variation of flow cytometry that uses rare earth metal isotopes instead of fluorophores as tags bound to antibodies, allowing simultaneous measurement of over 40 parameters per single-cell. Mass cytomety enables comprehensive single-cell immunophenotyping and functional assessments, capturing the complexity of the immune system, and the molecularly heterogeneous consequences of primary immunodeficiency defects. Protein epitopes and transcripts can be simultaneously detected allowing immunophenotype and gene expression evaluation in mixed cell populations. Multiplexed epitope imaging has the potential to provide extensive phenotypic characterization at the subcellular level, in the context of 3D tissue microenvironment. SUMMARY Mass cytometry and multiplexed epitope imaging can complement genetic methods in diagnosis and study of the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiencies. The ability to understand the effect of a specific defect across multiple immune cell types and pathways, and in affected tissues, may provide new insight into tissue-specific disease pathogenesis and evaluate effects of therapeutic interventions.
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26
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Fothergill LJ, Callaghan B, Hunne B, Bravo DM, Furness JB. Costorage of Enteroendocrine Hormones Evaluated at the Cell and Subcellular Levels in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2113-2123. [PMID: 28430903 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies reveal complex patterns of hormone coexpression within enteroendocrine cells (EECs), contrary to the traditional view that gut hormones are expressed individually in EECs. Moreover, different hormones have been found in separate subcellular vesicles. However, detailed analysis of relative expression of multiple hormones has not been made. Subcellular studies have been confined to peptide hormones, and have not included the indolamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or the neuroendocrine protein chromogranin A (CgA). In the present work, coexpression of 5-HT, CgA, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, and glucagonlike peptide (GLP)-1 in mouse duodenum was quantified at a cellular and subcellular level by semiautomated cell counting and quantitative vesicle measurements. We investigated whether relative numbers of cells with colocalized hormones analyzed at a cell level matched the numbers revealed by examination of individual storage vesicles within cells. CgA and 5-HT were frequently expressed in EECs that contained combinations of GLP-1, ghrelin, secretin, and CCK. Separate subcellular stores of 5-HT, CgA, secretin, CCK, ghrelin, and GLP-1 were identified. In some cases, high-resolution analysis revealed small numbers of immunoreactive vesicles in cells dominated by a different hormone. Thus the observed incidence of cells with colocalized hormones is greater when analyzed at a subcellular, compared with a cellular, level. Subcellular analysis also showed that relative numbers of vesicles differ considerably between cells. Thus separate packaging of hormones that are colocalized is a general feature of EECs, and EECs exhibit substantial heterogeneity, including the colocalization of hormones that were formerly thought to be in cells of different lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Fothergill
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brid Callaghan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Billie Hunne
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Systems biology driving drug development: from design to the clinical testing of the anti-ErbB3 antibody seribantumab (MM-121). NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:16034. [PMID: 28725482 PMCID: PMC5516865 DOI: 10.1038/npjsba.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases comprises four members: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), human EGFR 2 (HER2/ErbB2), ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4. The first two members of this family, EGFR and HER2, have been implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression for several decades, and numerous drugs have now been approved that target these two proteins. Less attention, however, has been paid to the role of this family in mediating cancer cell survival and drug tolerance. To better understand the complex signal transduction network triggered by the ErbB receptor family, we built a computational model that quantitatively captures the dynamics of ErbB signaling. Sensitivity analysis identified ErbB3 as the most critical activator of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt signaling, a key pro-survival pathway in cancer cells. Based on this insight, we designed a fully human monoclonal antibody, seribantumab (MM-121), that binds to ErbB3 and blocks signaling induced by the extracellular growth factors heregulin (HRG) and betacellulin (BTC). In this article, we present some of the key preclinical simulations and experimental data that formed the scientific foundation for three Phase 2 clinical trials in metastatic cancer. These trials were designed to determine if patients with advanced malignancies would derive benefit from the addition of seribantumab to standard-of-care drugs in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer, hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer, and EGFR wild-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). From preclinical studies we learned that basal levels of ErbB3 phosphorylation correlate with response to seribantumab monotherapy in mouse xenograft models. As ErbB3 is rapidly dephosphorylated and hence difficult to measure clinically, we used the computational model to identify a set of five surrogate biomarkers that most directly affect the levels of p-ErbB3: HRG, BTC, EGFR, HER2, and ErbB3. Preclinically, the combined information from these five markers was sufficient to accurately predict which xenograft models would respond to seribantumab, and the single-most accurate predictor was HRG. When tested clinically in ovarian, breast and lung cancer, HRG mRNA expression was found to be both potentially prognostic of insensitivity to standard therapy and potentially predictive of benefit from the addition of seribantumab to standard of care therapy in all three indications. In addition, it was found that seribantumab was most active in cancers with low levels of HER2, consistent with preclinical predictions. Overall, our clinical studies and studies of others suggest that HRG expression defines a drug-tolerant cancer cell phenotype that persists in most solid tumor indications and may contribute to rapid clinical progression. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a drug designed and clinically tested using the principles of Systems Biology.
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28
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Barsanti-Innes B, Hey SP, Kimmelman J. The Challenges of Validating in Precision Medicine: The Case of Excision Repair Cross-Complement Group 1 Diagnostic Testing. Oncologist 2016; 22:89-96. [PMID: 28126916 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine relies upon the successful identification and translation of predictive biomarkers. Unfortunately, biomarker development has often fallen short of expectations. To better understand the obstacles to successful biomarker development, we systematically mapped research activities for a biomarker that has been in development for at least 12 years: excision repair cross-complement group 1 protein (ERCC1) as a biomarker for predicting clinical benefit with platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. We found that although research activities explored a wide range of approaches to ERCC1 testing, there was little replication or validation of techniques, and design and reporting of results were generally poor. Our analysis points to problems with coordinating and standardizing research in biomarker development. Clinically meaningful progress in personalized medicine will require concerted efforts to address these problems. In the interim, health care providers should be aware of the complexity involved in biomarker development, cautious about their near-term clinical value, and conscious of applying only validated diagnostics in the clinic. THE ONCOLOGIST 2017;22:89-96 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: : Many hospitals, policy makers, and scientists have made ambitious claims about the promise of personalizing cancer care. When one uses a case example of excision repair cross-complement group 1 protein-a biomarker that has a strong biological rationale and that has been researched for 12 years-the current research environment seems poorly suited for efficient development of biomarker tests. The findings provide grounds for tempering expectations about personalized cancer care-at least in the near term-and shed light on the current gap between the promise and practice of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Spencer Phillips Hey
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Dobosz M, Haupt U, Scheuer W. Improved decision making for prioritizing tumor targeting antibodies in human xenografts: Utility of fluorescence imaging to verify tumor target expression, antibody binding and optimization of dosage and application schedule. MAbs 2016; 9:140-153. [PMID: 27661454 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1238996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical efficacy studies of antibodies targeting a tumor-associated antigen are only justified when the expression of the relevant antigen has been demonstrated. Conventionally, antigen expression level is examined by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue section. This method represents the diagnostic "gold standard" for tumor target evaluation, but is affected by a number of factors, such as epitope masking and insufficient antigen retrieval. As a consequence, variances and discrepancies in histological staining results can occur, which may influence decision-making and therapeutic outcome. To overcome these problems, we have used different fluorescence-labeled therapeutic antibodies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in combination with fluorescence imaging modalities to determine tumor antigen expression, drug-target interaction, and biodistribution and tumor saturation kinetics in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. For this, whole-body fluorescence intensities of labeled antibodies, applied as a single compound or antibody mixture, were measured in Calu-1 and Calu-3 tumor-bearing mice, then ex vivo multispectral tumor tissue analysis at microscopic resolution was performed. With the aid of this simple and fast imaging method, we were able to analyze the tumor cell receptor status of HER1-3 and IGF1R, monitor the antibody-target interaction and evaluate the receptor binding sites of anti-HER2-targeting antibodies. Based on this, the most suitable tumor model, best therapeutic antibody, and optimal treatment dosage and application schedule was selected. Predictions drawn from obtained imaging data were in excellent concordance with outcome of conducted preclinical efficacy studies. Our results clearly demonstrate the great potential of combined in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging for the preclinical development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dobosz
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Ute Haupt
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
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30
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Buta C, Benabou E, Lequoy M, Régnault H, Wendum D, Meratbene F, Chettouh H, Aoudjehane L, Conti F, Chrétien Y, Scatton O, Rosmorduc O, Praz F, Fartoux L, Desbois-Mouthon C. Heregulin-1ß and HER3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: status and regulation by insulin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:126. [PMID: 27514687 PMCID: PMC4982118 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The heregulin-1ß/HER3-driven pathway is implicated in several epithelial malignancies and its blockade is currently undergoing clinical investigation. Paradoxically, the status and the regulation of this pathway is poorly known in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Using 85 HCC obtained after tumour resection, heregulin-1ß and HER3 expression was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and/or immunohistochemistry. Statistics were performed to analyze associations between gene expression and clinicopathological parameters. The effects of insulin on the heregulin-1ß/HER3 pathway was investigated in four HCC cell lines. Results HER3 mRNA was upregulated in 52 % of tumours, while heregulin-1ß mRNA was downregulated in 82 %. Hepatitis B and C viral infections were respectively associated with high and low HER3 mRNA expression. No association was seen between neither HER3 or heregulin-1ß mRNA and prognostic factors, survival or recurrence. Immunohistochemistry showed predominant cytoplasmic staining of HER3 in tumours but the staining was nonreproducible. HER3 mRNA and protein levels were not correlated in liver tissues. In HCC cells, insulin promoted HER3 proteasomal degradation and inhibited heregulin-1ß stimulation of cell migration. HER3 and insulin receptor co-immunoprecipitated in these cells. The loss of insulin receptor expression by RNA interference sensitized cells to heregulin-1ß-induced AKT phosphorylation. Conclusions Autocrine heregulin-1ß loop is uncommon in HCC and HER3 mRNA expression is differentially influenced by hepatitis viruses. Insulin is a negative regulator of HER3 protein expression and function in HCC cells. Altogether these data may explain why HER3 and heregulin-1ß expression have no prognostic value and suggest that HCC patients are unlikely to derive benefit from HER3-targeted monotherapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0402-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Buta
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Eva Benabou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lequoy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Régnault
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Wendum
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Fatiha Meratbene
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Histomorphology Platform, UMS 30 Lumic, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Hamza Chettouh
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Aoudjehane
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Human HepCell, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Human HepCell, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Yves Chrétien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rosmorduc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Praz
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fartoux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.
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PIK3CD promoted proliferation in diffuse large B cell lymphoma through upregulation of c-myc. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12767-12777. [PMID: 27448819 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite PIK3CD has been extensively reported in cancers, however, little evidence has been available regarding its role in the setting of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the present study, to investigate the role of PIK3CD in DLBCL, relevant experiments were carried out on both in vivo clinical tissue level and in vitro cell line level. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance were analyzed after immunohistochemical assay of PIK3CD expression on DLBCL tissue microarray. MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the proliferative variation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Athymic nude mice xenografted with DLBCL cell line were employed to confirm the role of PIK3CD. It was found that there was a significant difference between expression of PIK3CD and international prognosis index (IPI), performance state (PS), and inferior overall prognosis. Furthermore, PIK3CD can promote proliferation and prevent apoptosis in DLBCL cells in vitro through upregulation of c-myc and p-AKT and in contrast downregulation of p21 and p27. In nude mice model, knock-down of PIK3CD was shown to be able to suppress the proliferation of DLBCL but not significantly compared with control group. Taken together, our study showed that PIK3CD can promote proliferation of DLBCL cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PIK3CD could be druggable in the therapy of DLBCL.
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32
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Sethi A, Sha L, Vahadane AR, Deaton RJ, Kumar N, Macias V, Gann PH. Empirical comparison of color normalization methods for epithelial-stromal classification in H and E images. J Pathol Inform 2016; 7:17. [PMID: 27141322 PMCID: PMC4837797 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.179984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Color normalization techniques for histology have not been empirically tested for their utility for computational pathology pipelines. Aims: We compared two contemporary techniques for achieving a common intermediate goal – epithelial-stromal classification. Settings and Design: Expert-annotated regions of epithelium and stroma were treated as ground truth for comparing classifiers on original and color-normalized images. Materials and Methods: Epithelial and stromal regions were annotated on thirty diverse-appearing H and E stained prostate cancer tissue microarray cores. Corresponding sets of thirty images each were generated using the two color normalization techniques. Color metrics were compared for original and color-normalized images. Separate epithelial-stromal classifiers were trained and compared on test images. Main analyses were conducted using a multiresolution segmentation (MRS) approach; comparative analyses using two other classification approaches (convolutional neural network [CNN], Wndchrm) were also performed. Statistical Analysis: For the main MRS method, which relied on classification of super-pixels, the number of variables used was reduced using backward elimination without compromising accuracy, and test - area under the curves (AUCs) were compared for original and normalized images. For CNN and Wndchrm, pixel classification test-AUCs were compared. Results: Khan method reduced color saturation while Vahadane reduced hue variance. Super-pixel-level test-AUC for MRS was 0.010–0.025 (95% confidence interval limits ± 0.004) higher for the two normalized image sets compared to the original in the 10–80 variable range. Improvement in pixel classification accuracy was also observed for CNN and Wndchrm for color-normalized images. Conclusions: Color normalization can give a small incremental benefit when a super-pixel-based classification method is used with features that perform implicit color normalization while the gain is higher for patch-based classification methods for classifying epithelium versus stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sethi
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lingdao Sha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhishek Ramnath Vahadane
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ryan J Deaton
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter H Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Showeil R, Romano C, Valganon M, Lambros M, Trivedi P, Van Noorden S, Sriraksa R, El-Kaffash D, El-Etreby N, Natrajan R, Foroni L, Osborne R, El-Bahrawy M. The status of epidermal growth factor receptor in borderline ovarian tumours. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10568-77. [PMID: 26870997 PMCID: PMC4891141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of borderline ovarian tumours (BOTs) behave in a benign fashion, but some may show aggressive behavior. The reason behind this has not been elucidated. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to contribute to cell survival signals as well as metastatic potential of some tumours. EGFR expression and gene status have not been thoroughly investigated in BOTs as it has in ovarian carcinomas. In this study we explore protein expression as well as gene mutations and amplifications of EGFR in BOTs in comparison to a subset of other epithelial ovarian tumours. We studied 85 tumours, including 61 BOTs, 10 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), 9 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) and 5 benign epithelial tumours. EGFR protein expression was studied using immunohistochemistry. Mutations were investigated by Sanger sequencing exons 18-21 of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR. Cases with comparatively higher protein expression were examined for gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization. We also studied the tumours for KRAS and BRAF mutations. Immunohistochemistry results revealed both cytoplasmic and nuclear EGFR expression with variable degrees between tumours. The level of nuclear localization was relatively higher in BOTs and LGSCs as compared to HGSCs or benign tumours. The degree of nuclear expression of BOTs showed no significant difference from that in LGSCs (mean ranks 36.48, 33.05, respectively, p=0.625), but was significantly higher than in HGSCs (mean ranks: 38.88, 12.61 respectively, p< 0.001) and benign tumours (mean ranks: 35.18, 13.00 respectively, p= 0.010). Cytoplasmic expression level was higher in LGSCs. No EGFR gene mutations or amplification were identified, yet different polymorphisms were detected. Five different types of point mutations in the KRAS gene and the V600E BRAF mutation were detected exclusively in BOTs and LGSCs. Our study reports for the first time nuclear localization of EGFR in BOTs. The nuclear localization similarities between BOTs and LGSCs and not HGSCs support the hypothesis suggesting evolution of LGSCs from BOTs. We also confirm that EGFR mutations and amplifications are not molecular events in the pathogenesis of BOTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Showeil
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Claudia Romano
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel Valganon
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryou Lambros
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pritesh Trivedi
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Van Noorden
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Dalal El-Kaffash
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nour El-Etreby
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Foroni
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Osborne
- Dorset Cancer Centre, Poole Hospital, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Expression and Prognostic Significance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 3 in Gastric and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148101. [PMID: 26844548 PMCID: PMC4742525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas are major global cancer burdens. These cancer forms are characterized by a poor prognosis and a modest response to chemo- radio- and targeted treatment. Hence there is an obvious need for further enhanced diagnostic and treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and prognostic impact of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER1/EGFR) and 3 (HER3), as well as the occurrence of EGFR and KRAS mutations in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and HER3 was analysed in all primary tumours and a subset of lymph node metastases in a consecutive cohort of 174 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach, cardia and esophagus. The anti-HER3 antibody used was validated by siRNA-mediated knockdown, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. EGFR and KRAS mutation status was analysed by pyrosequencing tecchnology. Results and Discussion High EGFR expression was an independent risk factor for shorter overall survival (OS), whereas high HER3 expression was associated with a borderline significant trend towards a longer OS. KRAS mutations were present in only 4% of the tumours and had no prognostic impact. All tumours were EGFR wild-type. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to decide on the potential clinical value of different HERs and druggable mutations in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas, and attention is drawn to the need for more standardised investigational methods.
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Rizner TL, Sasano H, Choi MH, Odermatt A, Adamski J. Recommendations for description and validation of antibodies for research use. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 156:40-2. [PMID: 26655410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lanisnik Rizner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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36
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Epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression is common and not correlated to gene copy number in ependymoma. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:281-90. [PMID: 26686534 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status in ependymoma specimens, as there is a need for new prognostic and druggable targets in this disease. METHODS Ependymomas (WHO grade II, n = 40; WHO grade III, n = 15) located spinal (n = 35), infratentorial (n = 14), and supratentorial (n = 6) of 53 patients with a median age of 40 (range, 2-79) years were analyzed for Ki-67, p53, and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray and for EGFR gene copy number alterations/mutations. Results were correlated to clinical data. RESULTS EGFR overexpression was found in 30/60% of ependymomas depending on the antibody used and was more pronounced in WHO grade III. High EGFR gene copy number gains were found in 6 (11%) ependymomas with half of them being amplifications. EGFR amplified ependymomas displayed an EGFR overexpression with both antibodies in two of three cases. A missense mutation in exon 20 of EGFR (S768I) was detected in one amplified case. CONCLUSIONS EGFR is frequently overexpressed in ependymomas. Other mechanisms than amplification of the EGFR gene appear to contribute to EGFR overexpression in most cases. EGFR mutations may be present in a small subset of ependymomas.
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Negm OH, Muftah AA, Aleskandarany MA, Hamed MR, Ahmad DAJ, Nolan CC, Diez-Rodriguez M, Tighe PJ, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. Clinical utility of reverse phase protein array for molecular classification of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 155:25-35. [PMID: 26661092 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) represents a sensitive and high-throughput technique allowing simultaneous quantitation of protein expression levels in biological samples. This study aimed to confirm the ability of RPPA to classify archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues into molecular classes used in the Nottingham prognostic index plus (NPI+) determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Proteins were extracted from FFPE breast cancer tissues using three extraction protocols: the Q-proteome FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and two in-house methods using Laemmli buffer with either incubation for 20 min or 2 h at 105 °C. Two preparation methods, full-face sections and macrodissection, were used to assess the yield and quality of protein extracts. Ten biomarkers used for the NPI+ (ER, PgR, HER2, Cytokeratins 5/6 and 7/8, EGFR, HER3, HER4, p53 and Mucin 1) were quantified using RPPA and compared to results determined by IHC. The Q-proteome FFPE Tissue Kit produced significantly higher protein concentration and signal intensities. The intra- and inter-array reproducibility assessment indicated that RPPA using FFPE lysates was a highly reproducible and robust technique. Expression of the biomarkers individually and in combination using RPPA was highly consistent with IHC results. Macrodissection of the invasive tumour component gave more reliable results with the majority of biomarkers determined by IHC, (80 % concordance) compared with full-face sections (60 % concordance). Our results provide evidence for the technical feasibility of RPPA for high-throughput protein expression profiling of FFPE breast cancer tissues. The sensitivity of the technique is related to the quality of extracted protein and purity of tumour tissue. RPPA could provide a quantitative technique alternative to IHC for the biomarkers used in the NPI+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola H Negm
- School of Life Sciences, Immunology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. .,Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Abir A Muftah
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohamed R Hamed
- School of Life Sciences, Immunology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dena A J Ahmad
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher C Nolan
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria Diez-Rodriguez
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick J Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, Immunology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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Hutchinson RA, Adams RA, McArt DG, Salto-Tellez M, Jasani B, Hamilton PW. Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry: new opportunities in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:217. [PMID: 26149458 PMCID: PMC4492076 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer is becoming more precise, targeting specific oncogenic drivers with targeted molecular therapies. The epidermal growth factor receptor has been found to be over-expressed in a multitude of solid tumours. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in the fields of diagnostic and personalised medicine to localise and visualise disease specific proteins. To date the clinical utility of epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry in determining monoclonal antibody efficacy has remained somewhat inconclusive. The lack of an agreed reproducible scoring criteria for epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry has, in various clinical trials yielded conflicting results as to the use of epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry assay as a companion diagnostic. This has resulted in this test being removed from the licence for the drug panitumumab and not performed in clinical practice for cetuximab. In this review we explore the reasons behind this with a particular emphasis on colorectal cancer, and to suggest a way of resolving the situation through improving the precision of epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry with quantitative image analysis of digitised images complemented with companion molecular morphological techniques such as in situ hybridisation and section based gene mutation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hutchinson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Waring Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Centre for Translational Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Richard A Adams
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Darragh G McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Bharat Jasani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Sun J, Kil C, Stankewich MC, Yao Z, Li J, Vortmeyer AO. A 10-minute prototype assay for tissue degradation monitoring in clinical specimens. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:86-94. [PMID: 26033311 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified alpha II spectrin as a Tissue Degradation Indicator (TDI) and demonstrated that intrinsic spectrin-breakdown levels reliably reveal tissue degradation status in biospecimens. With the present study, we introduce an in vitro biological assay to mimic the endogenous spectrin-breakdown process and serve as degradation monitor (DM). By initiating the DM at the time of specimen collection and by attaching the DM to respective specimens, specimen degradation can be assessed by DM readout without specimen consumption. Using a protease inhibitory assay and protease-targeted immunoassays, we identified calpain as the protease responsible for degradation-induced spectrin breakdown. To recapitulate spectrin degradation in vitro, we developed several enzymatic assays in test tubes by incubating recombinant spectrins and synthetic Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based spectrin peptides with purified human and porcine calpains. The in vitro assays reliably performed in different environments for a limited time due to loss of calpain activity. To maintain longer calpain activity, we introduced cultured cells as calpain providers into the in vitro assays. Under a variety of degradative conditions, including 4°C, 13°C, 23°C, 29°C, 37°C, freezing, and freeze-thaw steps, we compared the use of this prototype DM to the intrinsic spectrin cleavage assay (ISCA) in specimen degradation assessment using animal models. A strong correlation (r=0.9895) was detected between the DM-revealed degradation and the ISCA-revealed degradation. Notably, the DM-based degradation assessment takes only 10min and does not jeopardize the tissue itself, whereas the ISCA-based degradation assessment needs to sacrifice tissues and takes several hours to accomplish. Our data suggests the application of an in vitro degradation monitor for fast, real time, and non-invasive assessment of specimen degradation. This observation could lead to a transformative product dedicated to biospecimen quality control. This study also addresses critical, yet unmet needs for developing a universal standard for specimen degradation measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Catherine Kil
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Michael C Stankewich
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - Alexander O Vortmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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Abstract
Recent developments of introducing stratified medicine/personal health care have led to an increased demand for specific biomarkers. However, despite the myriads of biomarkers claimed to be fit for all sorts of diseases and applications, the scientific integrity of the claims and therefore their credibility is far from satisfactory. Biomarker databases are met with scepticism. The reasons for this lack of faith come from different directions: lack of integrity of the biospecimen and meta-analysis of data derived from biospecimen prepared in various ways cause incoherence and false indications. Although the trend for antibody-independent assays is on the rise, demand for consistent performance of antibodies (both in choice of antibody and how to apply it in the correct dilution where applicable) in immune assays remains unmet in too many cases. Quantitative assays suffer from a lack of world-wide accepted criteria when the immune assay is not ELISA-based. Finally, statistical analysis suffer from coherence both in the way software packages are being scrutinized for mistakes in the script and remaining invisible after small-scale analysis, and in the way appropriate queries are fed into the packages in search for output that is fit for the types of data put in. Wrong queries would lead to wrong statistical conclusions, for example when data from a cohort of patients with different backgrounds are being analysed, or when one seeks an answer from software that was not designed for such query.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Voskuil
- Everest Biotech Ltd, Upper Heyford, OX255HD, UK
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41
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Carvajal-Hausdorf D, Schalper KA, Neumeister V, Rimm DL. Quantitative measurement of cancer tissue biomarkers in the lab and in the clinic. J Transl Med 2015; 95:385-96. [PMID: 25502176 PMCID: PMC4383674 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of biomolecules in tissues provides contextual information and the possibility to assess the interaction of different cell types and markers. Routine qualitative assessment of immune- and oligonucleotide-based methods in research and the clinic has been associated with assay variability because of lack of stringent validation and subjective interpretation of results. As a result, the vast majority of in situ assays in clinical usage are nonquantitative and, although useful, often of questionable scientific validity. Here, we revisit the reporters and methods used for single- and multiplexed in situ visualization of protein and RNA. Then we examine methods for the use of quantitative platforms for in situ measurement of protein and mRNA levels. Finally, we discuss the challenges of the transition of these methods to the clinic and their potential role as tools for development of companion diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt A. Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Kap M, Lam KH, Ewing-Graham P, Riegman P. A reference image-based method for optimization of clinical immunohistochemistry. Histopathology 2015; 67:193-205. [PMID: 25640638 DOI: 10.1111/his.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cold ischaemic and formalin fixation time (CIT and FFT) are considered to be crucial parameters for intralaboratory variation in immunohistochemistry (IHC). Here we describe a new method to optimize IHC, by using control tissue blocks with known pre-analytical history and comparing the IHC outcome with digitized reference slides. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue specimens (two per tissue type) were divided into eight samples, which were subjected to different CIT and FFT. Immunohistochemistry was performed with 34 routinely used antibodies, following standard operating procedures. Relative staining intensity of four sections per slide was scored. Of the antibodies studied, seven were influenced by CIT, 13 by FFT and five by both parameters. IHC protocols were adapted until most sections on the slide showed the same intensity. Changing the antibody dilution for 10 protocols and the antigen retrieval method for six protocols improved the consistency of the IHC staining. Nine protocols could not be optimized. The optimized staining results were compared to reference slides and were found to be of adequate quality. CONCLUSIONS It was possible to optimize most IHC protocols by adapting the analytical, rather than the pre-analytical, phase. If global references can be established, this method could decrease interlaboratory variation, preceding standardization of the pre-analytical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kap
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - King H Lam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Riegman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Abstract
Commercial research antibodies are the most commonly used product in the life science tools market, and their applications represent a significant investment of time and resources for researchers. Frequently however, the quality of antibodies does not meet the expectations of consumers, causing loss of valuable time and money. This can delay research efforts and scientific discovery, or even lead to false, irreproducible results to be published in the scientific literature. This raises the question of whether there should be universal standards for validating antibodies. During the 1 (st) International Antibody Validation Forum, hosted by St John's Laboratory Ltd on October 15 (th) 2014 at Queen Mary University of London, scientists from academia and industry presented data highlighting quality issues arising from lack of antibody validation. While the forum identified significant current problems in the antibody market, it also discussed future opportunities for improved quality and transparency by encouraging data disclosure and data sharing. This article highlights the key issues and conclusions reached at the forum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danxi Min
- St John's Laboratory, London, SE8 5RT, UK
| | - Mei Y Leung
- St John's Laboratory, London, SE8 5RT, UK ; PeproTech EC Ltd, London, W6 8LL, UK
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44
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Cheng H, Ballman K, Vassilakopoulou M, Dueck AC, Reinholz MM, Tenner K, Gralow J, Hudis C, Davidson NE, Fountzilas G, McCullough AE, Chen B, Psyrri A, Rimm DL, Perez EA. EGFR expression is associated with decreased benefit from trastuzumab in the NCCTG N9831 (Alliance) trial. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1065-71. [PMID: 25117817 PMCID: PMC4453859 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been hypothesised to modulate the effectiveness of anti-HER2 therapy. We used a standardised, quantitative immunofluorescence assay and a novel EGFR antibody to evaluate the correlation between EGFR expression and clinical outcome in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) N9831 trial. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed that allowed analysis of 1365 patients randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy alone (Arm A), sequential trastuzumab after chemotherapy (Arm B) and chemotherapy with concurrent trastuzumab (Arm C). Measurement of EGFR was performed using the EGFR antibody, D38B1, on the fluorescence-based AQUA platform. The result was validated using an independent retrospective metastatic breast cancer cohort (n=130). RESULTS Epidermal growth factor receptor assessed as a continuous (logarithmic transformed) variable shows an association with disease-free survival in Arm C (P=0.009) but not in Arm A or B. High EGFR expression was associated with worse outcome (Hazard ratio (HR)=2.15; 95% CI 1.28-3.60, P=0.004). Validation in a Greek metastatic breast cancer cohort showed an HR associated with high EGFR expression of 1.92 (P=0.0073). CONCLUSIONS High expression of EGFR appears to be associated with decreased benefit from adjuvant concurrent trastuzumab. Since other treatment options exist for HER2-driven tumours, further validation of these data may select patients for alternative or additive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street BML116, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - K Ballman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - M Vassilakopoulou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, 83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - A C Dueck
- Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - M M Reinholz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - K Tenner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J Gralow
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - C Hudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 8, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - N E Davidson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC Cancer Center, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - G Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Efkarpia Peripheral Road Stavroupoli, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG), Laskaridou 1, 11524 Athens, Greece
| | - A E McCullough
- Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - B Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - A Psyrri
- Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG), Laskaridou 1, 11524 Athens, Greece
- Second Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutic, Oncology Section, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - D L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street BML116, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - E A Perez
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Rimm D, Schalper K, Pusztai L. Unvalidated antibodies and misleading results. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 147:457-8. [PMID: 25086631 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rimm
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Brady Memorial Laboratory, 310 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, USA,
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Kol A, Terwisscha van Scheltinga AG, Timmer-Bosscha H, Lamberts LE, Bensch F, de Vries EG, Schröder CP. HER3, serious partner in crime. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hormonal treatment in recurrent and metastatic gynaecological cancers: a review of the current literature. Curr Oncol Rep 2014; 15:541-8. [PMID: 24097282 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For many years hormonal treatment has played a role in the treatment of a selected group of patients with a variety of recurrent or metastatic gynaecological cancers, including ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas and granulosa cell tumours. Hormonal agents that are typically used include luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone analogues, progestogens, selective oestrogen-receptor-modulating drugs such as tamoxifen, and more recently aromatase inhibitors. The rates of response to these drugs differ considerably depending on the tumour type, disease grade and stage as well as the type of drug used. Patients with granulosa cell tumours and endometrial stromal sarcomas have the highest response rates; owing to the rarity of these tumour types, the documented response rates are based on case reports and small series. Response rates in patients with recurrent and metastatic endometrial and ovarian carcinoma have been lower. It has been suggested that patients with well-differentiated and hormone-receptor-positive carcinomas are more likely to benefit from hormonal treatment. However, the data to support this are limited, and at times conflicting, with very few prospective studies to date. This review updates the evidence for the use of hormonal treatment in patients with potentially hormone responsive recurrent and metastatic gynaecological cancers.
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Asav E, Sezgintürk MK. A novel impedimetric disposable immunosensor for rapid detection of a potential cancer biomarker. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in association with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PLoS One 2014; 9:e94273. [PMID: 24722213 PMCID: PMC3983114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the molecular phenotype of cancers with high metastatic potential will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches to the disease. Gene expression profiles link epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype with high-risk HNSCC. We sought to determine the role of protein biomarkers of EMT in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) prognosis. METHODS Protein expression analysis of EGFR, β-catenin and E-cadherin was performed on a cohort of 102 patients with HNSCC recruited between 1992 and 2005 using automated quantitative protein analysis (AQUA). We evaluated associations with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. RESULTS There were 67 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in this cohort who met inclusion criteria and for whom we had complete E-cadherin, beta-catenin and EGFR expression data. High E-cadherin expressers had longer 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those with low E-cadherin (59.7% versus 40.6%, p = 0.04) and overall survival (OS) (69.6% versus 44.3%, p = 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with low beta-catenin-expressing tumors trended toward worse 5-year PFS (p = 0.057). High EGFR expressers had inferior OS compared to low EGFR expressers (27.7% vs. 54%, p = 0.029). In the multivariable analysis context, E-cadherin remained an independent predictor of improved OS (HR = 0.204, 95% CI 0.043 to 0.972, p = 0.046) while EGFR trended towards significance for OS. CONCLUSIONS The putative markers of EMT defined within a panel of HNSCC using AQUA are associated with tumors of poor prognosis.
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Angelo M, Bendall SC, Finck R, Hale MB, Hitzman C, Borowsky AD, Levenson RM, Lowe JB, Liu SD, Zhao S, Natkunam Y, Nolan GP. Multiplexed ion beam imaging of human breast tumors. Nat Med 2014; 20:436-42. [PMID: 24584119 PMCID: PMC4110905 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a tool for visualizing protein expression that is employed as part of the diagnostic workup for the majority of solid tissue malignancies. Existing IHC methods use antibodies tagged with fluorophores or enzyme reporters that generate colored pigments. Because these reporters exhibit spectral and spatial overlap when used simultaneously, multiplexed IHC is not routinely used in clinical settings. We have developed a method that uses secondary ion mass spectrometry to image antibodies tagged with isotopically pure elemental metal reporters. Multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI) is capable of analyzing up to 100 targets simultaneously over a five-log dynamic range. Here, we used MIBI to analyze formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast tumor tissue sections stained with ten labels simultaneously. The resulting data suggest that MIBI can provide new insights into disease pathogenesis that will be valuable for basic research, drug discovery and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Angelo
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sean C. Bendall
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Rachel Finck
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Matthew B. Hale
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chuck Hitzman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Richard M. Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - John B. Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Scot D. Liu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Garry P. Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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