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Zhang X, Ding HM, Deng LF, Chen GC, Li J, He ZY, Fu L, Li JF, Jiang F, Zhang ZL, Li BY. Dietary fats and serum lipids in relation to the risk of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1153986. [PMID: 37781114 PMCID: PMC10538548 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1153986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous epidemiological studies investigated the association between dietary fat intakes or serum lipid levels and ovarian cancer risk, a consistent and explicit conclusion for specific dietary fats or serum lipids that increase the risk of ovarian cancer is not available. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the key dietary fats and serum lipids that increased the risk of ovarian cancer. Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for observational studies. A total of 41 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 18 cohort and 23 case-control studies (109,507 patients with ovarian cancer and 2,558,182 control/non-ovarian cancer participants). Higher dietary intakes of total fat (RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06-1.33, I2 = 60.3%), cholesterol (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03-1.26, I2 = 19.4%), saturated fat (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.22, I2 = 13.4%), and animal fat (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01-1.43, I2 = 70.5%) were significantly associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer. A higher level of serum triglycerides was accompanied by a higher risk of ovarian cancer (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02-1.72, I2 = 89.3%). This meta-analysis indicated that a higher daily intake of total fat, saturated fat, animal fat, and cholesterol and higher levels of serum triglycerides were significantly associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Feng Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ze-Yin He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Fu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Li Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Mokoala KM, Lawal IO, Vorster M, Sathekge MM. Radionuclide Therapy of Skin Cancers and Bowen's Disease Using A Specially Designed Rhenium Cream. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most widely diagnosed cancer in the United States, is rising in incidence despite public health and educational campaigns that highlight the importance of sun avoidance. It is,therefore, important to establish other modifiable risk factors that may be contributing to this increase. There is a growing body of evidence in the literature suggesting certain nutrients may have protective or harmful effects on NMSC. We review the current literature on nutrition and its effect on NMSC with a focus on dietary fat, vitamin A, nicotinamide, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, polyphenols, and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stoj
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Neda Shahriari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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4
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Zeraatkar D, Johnston BC, Bartoszko J, Cheung K, Bala MM, Valli C, Rabassa M, Sit D, Milio K, Sadeghirad B, Agarwal A, Zea AM, Lee Y, Han MA, Vernooij RWM, Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt GH, El Dib R. Effect of Lower Versus Higher Red Meat Intake on Cardiometabolic and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials. Ann Intern Med 2019; 171:721-731. [PMID: 31569236 DOI: 10.7326/m19-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement. BACKGROUND Few randomized trials have evaluated the effect of reducing red meat intake on clinically important outcomes. PURPOSE To summarize the effect of lower versus higher red meat intake on the incidence of cardiometabolic and cancer outcomes in adults. DATA SOURCES EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ProQuest from inception to July 2018 and MEDLINE from inception to April 2019, without language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION Randomized trials (published in any language) comparing diets lower in red meat with diets higher in red meat that differed by a gradient of at least 1 serving per week for 6 months or more. DATA EXTRACTION Teams of 2 reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 12 eligible trials, a single trial enrolling 48 835 women provided the most credible, though still low-certainty, evidence that diets lower in red meat may have little or no effect on all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99 [95% CI, 0.95 to 1.03]), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.98 [CI, 0.91 to 1.06]), and cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.99 [CI, 0.94 to 1.05]). That trial also provided low- to very-low-certainty evidence that diets lower in red meat may have little or no effect on total cancer mortality (HR, 0.95 [CI, 0.89 to 1.01]) and the incidence of cancer, including colorectal cancer (HR, 1.04 [CI, 0.90 to 1.20]) and breast cancer (HR, 0.97 [0.90 to 1.04]). LIMITATIONS There were few trials, most addressing only surrogate outcomes, with heterogeneous comparators and small gradients in red meat consumption between lower versus higher intake groups. CONCLUSION Low- to very-low-certainty evidence suggests that diets restricted in red meat may have little or no effect on major cardiometabolic outcomes and cancer mortality and incidence. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None (PROSPERO: CRD42017074074).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Zeraatkar
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Bradley C Johnston
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Jessica Bartoszko
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Kevin Cheung
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | | | - Claudia Valli
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute San Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain (C.V., M.R., P.A.)
| | - Montserrat Rabassa
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute San Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain (C.V., M.R., P.A.)
| | - Daegen Sit
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.S.)
| | - Kirolos Milio
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Behnam Sadeghirad
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.A.)
| | - Adriana M Zea
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Yung Lee
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Mi Ah Han
- Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (M.A.H.)
| | - Robin W M Vernooij
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.W.V.)
| | - Pablo Alonso-Coello
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute San Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain (C.V., M.R., P.A.)
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., B.C.J., J.B., K.C., K.M., B.S., A.M.Z., Y.L., G.H.G.)
| | - Regina El Dib
- Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil (R.E.)
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Ruan L, Cheng SP, Zhu QX. Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:398-408. [PMID: 31298947 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1637910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between fat intake and the risk of three major types of skin cancer including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify all relevant observational studies published up to December 1, 2018. Specific odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) estimates for the highest versus the lowest intake of dietary fat and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from the included studies were pooled using random effect model. Three prospective cohort studies (175,675 participants and 30,915 BCC cases, 4,106 SCC cases and 1,638 CMM cases) and nine case-control studies (328 BCC cases, 493 SCC cases, 1,547 CMM cases and 2,660 controls) were identified. The pooled results indicated that dietary consumption of total fat and saturated fat were not associated with three major types of skin cancer. High consumption of monounsaturated fat was significantly associated with a decreased risk of BCC (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96) and high level of polyunsaturated fat intake was potentially positively associated with SCC (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.33). Our findings should be confirmed by further evidence from well-designed and large-scale prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ruan
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuang-Ping Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Manson JE, Prentice RL, Aragaki AK, Snetselaar L, Beresford SAA, Kuller LH, Johnson K, Lane D, Luo J, Rohan TE, Jiao L, Barac A, Womack C, Coday M, Datta M, Thomson CA. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Cancer Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Randomized Controlled Trial. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 2:pky065. [PMID: 31360880 PMCID: PMC6649760 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial, a low-fat dietary pattern reduced deaths after breast cancer. Mortality from other cancer sites has not been reported. Methods A low-fat dietary pattern influence on deaths from and after site-specific cancers was examined during 8.5 years (median) of dietary intervention and cumulatively during 17.7 years (median) of follow-up. A total 48 835 postmenopausal women, ages 50–79 years, were randomly assigned from 1993 to 1998 at 40 US clinical centers to dietary intervention (40%, n = 19 541 or a usual diet comparison group (60%, n = 29 294). Dietary intervention influence on mortality from protocol-specified cancers (breast, colon and rectum, endometrium and ovary), individually and as a composite, represented the primary analyses. Results During the dietary intervention period, a reduction in deaths after breast cancer (HR = 0.65 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.94, P = .02) was the only statistically significant cancer mortality finding. During intervention, the HRs for deaths after the protocol-specified cancer composite were 0.90 (95% CI = 0.73 to 1.10) and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.85 to 1.06) for deaths after all cancers. During 17.7 years of follow-up with 3867 deaths after all cancers, reduction in deaths after breast cancer continued in the dietary intervention group (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.99, P = .03). However, no dietary intervention influence on deaths from or after any other cancer or cancer composite was seen. Conclusions A low-fat dietary pattern reduced deaths after breast cancer. No reduction in mortality from or after any other cancer or cancer composite was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karen Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
| | - Dorothy Lane
- Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Juhua Luo
- School of Public Health, University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ana Barac
- MedStar Health Research Institute and Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC
| | | | - Mace Coday
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
| | - Mridul Datta
- School of Public Health, University of Purdue, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
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7
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Park MK, Li WQ, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Fat Intake and Risk of Skin Cancer in U.S. Adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:776-782. [PMID: 29636341 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fat intake has been associated with certain cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. However, literature on dietary fat and skin cancer has been limited.Methods: We examined the association between fat intake and risk of skin cancer including cutaneous malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) within two prospective studies: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Dietary information on total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, omega-6, and omega-3 fat and cholesterol was repeatedly assessed generally every 4 years. Incident cases were identified by self-report. Diagnosis on melanoma and SCC was confirmed by pathologic records.Results: A total of 794 melanoma, 2,223 SCC, and 17,556 BCC in the NHS (1984-2012) and 736 melanoma, 1,756 SCC, and 13,092 BCC in the HPFS (1986-2012) were documented. Higher polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with risk of SCC [pooled HR for highest vs. lowest quintiles, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.28; Ptrend=0.001] and BCC (pooled HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11; Ptrend=0.01). Higher omega-6 fat intake was associated with risks of SCC, BCC, and melanoma. Omega-3 fat intake was associated with risk of BCC, but not with SCC or melanoma. No other fats were associated with melanoma risk. The associations were similar in women and men and by other skin cancer risk factors.Conclusions: Polyunsaturated fat intake was modestly associated with skin cancer risk.Impact: Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to identify relevant biological mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(7); 776-82. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Park
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. .,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Smith LA, O'Flanagan CH, Bowers LW, Allott EH, Hursting SD. Translating Mechanism-Based Strategies to Break the Obesity-Cancer Link: A Narrative Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:652-667. [PMID: 29102513 PMCID: PMC5869082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for many cancers, has increased dramatically over the past 50 years in the United States and across the globe. Relative to normoweight cancer patients, obese cancer patients often have poorer prognoses, resistance to chemotherapies, and are more likely to develop distant metastases. Recent progress on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer connection suggests that obesity exerts pleomorphic effects on pathways related to tumor development and progression and, thus, there are multiple opportunities for primary prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers. Obesity-associated alterations, including systemic metabolism, adipose inflammation, growth factor signaling, and angiogenesis, are emerging as primary drivers of obesity-associated cancer development and progression. These obesity-associated host factors interact with the intrinsic molecular characteristics of cancer cells, facilitating several of the hallmarks of cancer. Each is considered in the context of potential preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-related cancers. In addition, this review focuses on emerging mechanisms behind the obesity-cancer link, as well as relevant dietary interventions, including calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, low-fat diet, and ketogenic diet, that are being implemented in preclinical and clinical trials, with the ultimate goal of reducing incidence and progression of obesity-related cancers.
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Teas J, Irhimeh MR. Melanoma and brown seaweed: an integrative hypothesis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 29:941-948. [PMID: 28458463 PMCID: PMC5387006 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although relatively rare, melanoma accounts for 2 % of cancer diagnoses globally and accounts for about 1 % of all cancer deaths. Worldwide, the annual incidence of melanoma is 272,000 cases which vary hugely, ranging from Japan where it is incredibly infrequent, to Queensland, Australia, where it is nearly 100 times higher. Based on epidemiology and laboratory studies, there is compelling evidence suggesting that seaweed might be protective against different types of cancers such as breast cancer in seaweed consuming populations. By comparing countries where melanoma is more common with countries where it is infrequent, it is possible to construct a hypothesis for how consuming brown seaweeds which may hold clues to the differences in melanoma susceptibility between Japanese and Western nations. Unlike in these other countries, where melanoma incidence has increased dramatically over the last two decades, in Japan, rates have remained remarkably low and stable. There is limited evidence from clinical studies and animal models that have used whole seaweed or isolated fractions from seaweed and measured changes in biomarkers. They have demonstrated the effectiveness of seaweed at inhibiting melanoma development and progression. In this review, the various results will be described. Although there are several effective fractions, it is proposed that consuming whole seaweeds may hold additional benefits that could be lost by consuming only a single extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Teas
- Thomas Cooper Library Fellow, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Mohammad R. Irhimeh
- Cell and Tissue Therapies Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
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10
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Diet and Skin Cancer: The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Prevention. J Skin Cancer 2015; 2015:893149. [PMID: 26583073 PMCID: PMC4637095 DOI: 10.1155/2015/893149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer among Americans. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the major risk factor for the development of NMSC. Dietary AOs may prevent free radical-mediated DNA damage and tumorigenesis secondary to UV radiation. Numerous laboratory studies have found that certain dietary AOs show significant promise in skin cancer prevention. These results have been substantiated by animal studies. In human studies, researchers have evaluated both oral AO supplements and dietary intake of AOs via whole foods. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of AOs in preventing tumorigenesis and outline four targeted dietary AOs. We review the results of research evaluating oral AOs supplements as compared to dietary AOs intake via whole foods. While these specific supplements have not shown efficacy, intake of AOs via consumption of whole foods has shown some promise. Lessons learned from the field of hypertension research may provide important guidance in future study design. Further research on the role of dietary AOs in the prevention of NMSC is warranted and should focus on intake via whole food consumption.
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Malagoli C, Malavolti M, Agnoli C, Crespi CM, Fiorentini C, Farnetani F, Longo C, Ricci C, Albertini G, Lanzoni A, Veneziano L, Virgili A, Pagliarello C, Santini M, Fanti PA, Dika E, Sieri S, Krogh V, Pellacani G, Vinceti M. Diet Quality and Risk of Melanoma in an Italian Population. J Nutr 2015; 145:1800-7. [PMID: 26108541 PMCID: PMC4516764 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.209320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some results from laboratory and epidemiologic studies suggest that diet may influence the risk of melanoma, but convincing evidence for a role of single nutrients or food items is lacking. Diet quality, which considers the combined effect of multiple food items, may be superior for examining this relation. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess whether diet quality, evaluated with the use of 4 different dietary indexes, is associated with melanoma risk. METHODS In this population-based case-control study, we analyzed the relation between 4 diet quality indexes, the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, Greek Mediterranean Index (GMI), and Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI), and melanoma risk in a northern Italian community, with the use of data from 380 cases and 719 matched controls who completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS In the overall sample, we found an inverse association between disease risk and the HEI-2010 and DASH index, but not the Mediterranean indexes, adjusting for potential confounders (skin phototype, body mass index, energy intake, sunburn history, skin sun reaction, and education). However, in sex stratified analyses, the association appeared only in women (P-trend: 0.10 and 0.04 for the HEI-2010 and DASH index, respectively). The inverse relations were stronger in women younger than age 50 y than in older women, for whom the GMI and IMI scores also showed an inverse association with disease risk (P-trend: 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that diet quality may play a role in cutaneous melanoma etiology among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Malagoli
- Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Dermatologic Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Longo
- Dermatologic Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ricci
- Dermatologic Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Anna Lanzoni
- Dermatologic Unit, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emi Dika
- Dermatologic Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatologic Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy;
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Bronsnick T, Murzaku EC, Rao BK. Diet in dermatology: Part I. Atopic dermatitis, acne, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:1039.e1-1039.e12. [PMID: 25454036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients commonly inquire about dietary modifications as a means to prevent or manage skin disease. Answering these questions is often challenging, given the vast and conflicting evidence that exists on this topic. This 2-part continuing medical education article summarizes the evidence to date to enable physicians to answer patients' questions in an evidence-based manner. Part I includes atopic dermatitis, acne, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. The role of dietary supplementation, dietary exclusion, food allergy, maternal diet, and breastfeeding in the development and/or prevention of atopic dermatitis is summarized. The dermatoendocrinologic mechanism for the effects of glycemic index/glycemic load and milk on acne is described, as well as related clinical evidence for dietary modifications. Finally, evidence and recommendations for restriction or supplementation of dietary factors in the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer, including fat, vitamins A, C, D, and E, and selenium, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Bronsnick
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
| | - Era Caterina Murzaku
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Babar K Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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