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Kennedy J, Alexander P, Taillie LS, Jaacks LM. Estimated effects of reductions in processed meat consumption and unprocessed red meat consumption on occurrences of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and mortality in the USA: a microsimulation study. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e441-e451. [PMID: 38969472 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High consumption of processed meat and unprocessed red meat is associated with increased risk of multiple chronic diseases, although there is substantial uncertainty regarding the relationship for unprocessed red meat. We developed a microsimulation model to estimate how reductions in processed meat and unprocessed red meat consumption could affect rates of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and mortality in the US adult population. METHODS We used data from two versions of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, one conducted during 2015-16 and one conducted during 2017-18, to create a simulated US population. The starting cohort was restricted to respondents aged 18 years or older who were not pregnant and had 2 days of dietary-recall data. First, we used previously developed risk models to estimate the baseline disease risk of an individual. For type 2 diabetes we used a logistic-regression model and for cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer we used Cox proportional-hazard models. We then multiplied baseline risk by relative risk associated with individual processed meat and unprocessed red meat consumption. Prevented occurrences of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and mortality were computed by taking the difference between the incidence in the baseline and intervention scenarios. All stages were repeated for ten iterations to correspond to a 10-year time span. Scenarios were reductions of 5%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in grams consumed of processed meat, unprocessed red meat, or both. Each scenario was repeated 50 times for uncertainty analysis. FINDINGS The total number of individual respondents included in the simulated population was 8665, representing 242 021 876 US adults. 4493 (51·9%) of 8665 individuals were female and 4172 (48·1%) were male; mean age was 49·54 years (SD 18·38). At baseline, weighted mean daily consumption of processed meat was 29·1 g, with a 30% reduction being 8·7 g per day, and of unprocessed red meat was 46·7 g, with a 30% reduction being 14·0 g per day. We estimated that a 30% reduction in processed meat intake alone could lead to 352 900 (95% uncertainty interval 345 500-359 900) fewer occurrences of type 2 diabetes, 92 500 (85 600-99 900) fewer occurrences of cardiovascular disease, 53 300 (51 400-55 000) fewer occurrences of colorectal cancer, and 16 700 (15 300-17 700) fewer all-cause deaths during the 10-year period. A 30% reduction in unprocessed red meat intake alone could lead to 732 600 (725 700-740 400) fewer occurrences of type 2 diabetes, 291 500 (283 900-298 800) fewer occurrences of cardiovascular disease, 32 200 (31 500-32 700) fewer occurrences of colorectal cancer, and 46 100 (45 300-47 200) fewer all-cause deaths during the 10-year period. A 30% reduction in both processed meat and unprocessed red meat intake could lead to 1 073 400 (1 060 100-1 084 700) fewer occurrences of type 2 diabetes, 382 400 (372 100-391 000) fewer occurrences of cardiovascular disease, 84 400 (82 100-86 200) fewer occurrences of colorectal cancer, and 62 200 (60 600-64 400) fewer all-cause deaths during the 10-year period. INTERPRETATION Reductions in processed meat consumption could reduce the burden of some chronic diseases in the USA. However, more research is needed to increase certainty in the estimated effects of reducing unprocessed red meat consumption. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Kennedy
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Peter Alexander
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Meinilä J, Virtanen JK. Meat and meat products - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10538. [PMID: 38449706 PMCID: PMC10916397 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat is not only a source of several nutrients but also a proposed risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. Here, we describe the totality of evidence for the role of meat intake for chronic disease outcomes, discuss potential mechanistic pathways, knowledge gaps, and limitations of the literature. Use of the scoping review is based on a de novo systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis on the association between poultry intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), qualified SRs (as defined in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project) on meat intake and cancer by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and a systematic literature search of SRs and meta-analyses. The quality of the SRs was evaluated using a modified AMSTAR 2 tool, and the strength of evidence was evaluated based on a predefined criteria developed by the WCRF. The quality of the SRs was on average critically low. Our findings indicate that the evidence is too limited for conclusions for most of the chronic disease outcomes. However, findings from qualified SRs indicate strong evidence that processed meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer and probable evidence that red meat (unprocessed, processed, or both) increases the risk. The evidence suggests that both unprocessed red meat and processed meat (also including processed poultry meat) are probable risk factors for CVD mortality and stroke, and that total red meat and processed meat are risk factors for CHD. We found no sufficient evidence suggesting that unprocessed red meat, processed red meat, total red meat, or processed meat (including red and white meat) would be protective of any chronic disease. There was also no sufficient evidence to conclude on protective effect of poultry on any chronic diseases; effects on the risk of CVD, stroke, and T2D, to any direction, were regarded as unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Meinilä
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki K. Virtanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Dolan M, St. John N, Zaidi F, Doyle F, Fasullo M. High-throughput screening of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline resistance identifies colon cancer-associated genes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad219. [PMID: 37738679 PMCID: PMC11025384 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic agents found in charred meats and cigarette smoke. However, few eukaryotic resistance genes have been identified. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) to identify genes that confer resistance to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ). CYP1A2 and NAT2 activate IQ to become a mutagenic nitrenium compound. Deletion libraries expressing human CYP1A2 and NAT2 or no human genes were exposed to either 400 or 800 µM IQ for 5 or 10 generations. DNA barcodes were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and statistical significance was determined for exactly matched barcodes. We identified 424 ORFs, including 337 genes of known function, in duplicate screens of the "humanized" collection for IQ resistance; resistance was further validated for a select group of 51 genes by growth curves, competitive growth, or trypan blue assays. Screens of the library not expressing human genes identified 143 ORFs conferring resistance to IQ per se. Ribosomal protein and protein modification genes were identified as IQ resistance genes in both the original and "humanized" libraries, while nitrogen metabolism, DNA repair, and growth control genes were also prominent in the "humanized" library. Protein complexes identified included the casein kinase 2 (CK2) and histone chaperone (HIR) complex. Among DNA Repair and checkpoint genes, we identified those that function in postreplication repair (RAD18, UBC13, REV7), base excision repair (NTG1), and checkpoint signaling (CHK1, PSY2). These studies underscore the role of ribosomal protein genes in conferring IQ resistance, and illuminate DNA repair pathways for conferring resistance to activated IQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dolan
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Nick St. John
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Faizan Zaidi
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Francis Doyle
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Michael Fasullo
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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Ruiz-Saavedra S, González Del Rey C, Suárez A, Díaz Y, Zapico A, Arboleya S, Salazar N, Gueimonde M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, González S. Associations of dietary factors and xenobiotic intake with faecal microbiota composition according to the presence of intestinal mucosa damage. Food Funct 2023; 14:9591-9605. [PMID: 37740374 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a major modulator of gut microbiota, which plays a key role in the health status, including colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Several studies and meta-analyses have evidenced an association of certain dietary factors and xenobiotic intake with the incidence of CRC. Nevertheless, how these dietary factors impact the first stages of intestinal mucosa damage is still uncertain. This study aimed at exploring the associations of relevant dietary factors with the gut microbiota of control individuals and subjects diagnosed with intestinal polyps. A total of 60 volunteers were recruited, clinically classified according to colonoscopy criteria and interviewed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). The nutritional status of each volunteer was determined and the intake of dietary xenobiotics was quantified. The relative abundance of faecal microbiota taxonomic groups was obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The association of dietary factors and xenobiotics with faecal microbiota composition showed differences according to the clinical diagnosis group. Our results showed that the intake of red meat (≥50 g day-1) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (≥0.75 μg day-1) was associated with a decreased abundance of the family Bacteroidaceae and an increased abundance of Coriobacteriaceae in control subjects. The intake of the heterocyclic amines 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP) (≥40 ng day-1) and 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo(4,5,f) quinoxaline (MeIQx) (≥50 ng day-1) was associated with a decreased abundance of Akkermansiaceae in the control diagnosis group. Moreover, N-nitroso compounds (NOCs), nitrites (≥1.69 mg day-1) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (≥0.126 μg day-1) were associated with a decreased abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae. The intake of ethanol (≥12 g day-1) in the polyps group was associated with an increased abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and a decreased abundance of Veillonellaceae. Moreover, linear regression analyses allowed us to identify ethanol, calcium, bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, cellulose, phenolic acids or total polyphenols, and dietary xenobiotics such as PhIP and MeIQx, the NOC N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) or the total PAHs as potential predictors of faecal microbiota group abundances. These results indicated that the consumption of milk, red meat, processed meat and ethanol and the intake of polyphenols, dietary PAHs, HAs and NOCs are associated with specific groups of the intestinal microbiota, depending on the clinical diagnosis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen González Del Rey
- Anatomical Pathology Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adolfo Suárez
- Digestive Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ylenia Díaz
- Digestive Service, Carmen and Severo Ochoa Hospital, 33819 Cangas del Narcea, Spain
| | - Aida Zapico
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján LM, McCarty MF. Targeting beta-catenin signaling for prevention of colorectal cancer - Nutraceutical, drug, and dietary options. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175898. [PMID: 37481200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Progressive up-regulation of β-catenin signaling is very common in the transformation of colorectal epithelium to colorectal cancer (CRC). Practical measures for opposing such signaling hence have potential for preventing or slowing such transformation. cAMP/PKA activity in colon epithelium, as stimulated by COX-2-generated prostaglandins and β2-adrenergic signaling, boosts β-catenin activity, whereas cGMP/PKG signaling has the opposite effect. Bacterial generation of short-chain fatty acids (as supported by unrefined high-carbohydrate diets, berberine, and probiotics), dietary calcium, daily aspirin, antioxidants opposing cox-2 induction, and nicotine avoidance, can suppress cAMP production in colonic epithelium, whereas cGMP can be boosted via linaclotides, PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil or icariin, and likely high-dose biotin. Selective activation of estrogen receptor-β by soy isoflavones, support of adequate vitamin D receptor activity with UV exposure or supplemental vitamin D, and inhibition of CK2 activity with flavanols such as quercetin, can also oppose β-catenin signaling in colorectal epithelium. Secondary bile acids, the colonic production of which can be diminished by low-fat diets and berberine, can up-regulate β-catenin activity by down-regulating farnesoid X receptor expression. Stimulation of PI3K/Akt via insulin, IGF-I, TLR4, and EGFR receptors boosts β-catenin levels via inhibition of glycogen synthase-3β; plant-based diets can down-regulate insulin and IGF-I levels, exercise training and leanness can keep insulin low, anthocyanins and their key metabolite ferulic acid have potential for opposing TLR4 signaling, and silibinin is a direct antagonist for EGFR. Partially hydrolyzed phytate can oppose growth factor-mediated down-regulation of β-catenin by inhibiting Akt activation. Multifactorial strategies for safely opposing β-catenin signaling can be complemented with measures that diminish colonic mutagenesis and DNA hypomethylation - such as avoidance of heme-rich meat and charred or processed meats, consumption of phase II-inductive foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., Crucifera), and assurance of adequate folate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83000, Mexico.
| | - Lidianys María Lewis Luján
- Technological Institute of Hermosillo (ITH), Ave. Tecnológico y Periférico Poniente S/N, Col. Sahuaro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83170, México.
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Farshi P, Hashempour-Baltork F, Amamcharla J, Smith JS. Effect of potato starch coating containing selected amino acids to prevent the formation of PhIP in pan-fried chicken breast. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3991-4000. [PMID: 37615975 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of potato starch (PS) coating containing amino acids (AAs) on the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in chicken breasts were evaluated. PhIP is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The 5% (w/w) gelatinized PS coating solution was incorporated with tryptophan (Trp) or lysine (Lys) at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% (w/w of the coating solution) concentrations. Chicken breast cuts with the same dimensions (5 × 2 × 1.5 cm) were dipped in the PS coating solution for 15 min before frying. After frying the chicken at 195°C for 7.5 min on each side, PhIP levels, color, cooking loss, tenderness, and texture profile assay were evaluated. The average PhIP concentration was decreased from 92.62 ng/g for the control chicken breast without coating to 6.30 ng/g (0.25% Lys), 6.76 ng/g (0.5% Lys), and 11.98 ng/g (0.75% Lys), accounting for an 89%-92% reduction in PhIP levels compared to the controls. However, dipping in Trp-containing PS coating had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) PhIP reduction effect (34%-67%). There was no significant difference in cooking loss percentage, tenderness, texture profile parameters, and color parameters of PS-coated chicken. Triangle test results showed that consumers did not detect a significant difference in the PS-coated chicken breasts (p < 0.001). Overall, this study suggests that the application of PS-based coatings incorporated with AAs on chicken breast reduces the PhIP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastou Farshi
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Fatane Hashempour-Baltork
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - J Scott Smith
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Gutiérrez-Pacheco SL, Peña-Ramos EA, Santes-Palacios R, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Hernández-Mendoza A, Burgos-Hernández A, Robles-Zepeda RE, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Inhibition of the CYP Enzymatic System Responsible of Heterocyclic Amines Bioactivation by an Asclepias subulata Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2354. [PMID: 37375979 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Asclepias subulata plant extract has previously demonstrated antiproliferative activity and antimutagenicity against heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) commonly found in cooked meat. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro ability of an ethanolic extract from the medicinal plant Asclepias subulata extract (ASE), non-heated and heated (180 °C), to inhibit the activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, which are largely responsible for HAAs bioactivation. Ethoxyresorufin and methoxyresorufin O-dealkylation assays were performed in rat liver microsomes exposed to ASE (0.002-960 µg/mL). ASE exerted an inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) for unheated ASE was 353.6 µg/mL and 75.9 µg/mL for heated ASE in EROD assay. An IC40 value of 288.4 ± 5.8 µg/mL was calculated for non-heated ASE in MROD assay. However, after heat treatment, the IC50 value was 232.1 ± 7.4 µg/mL. Molecular docking of corotoxigenin-3-O-glucopyranoside, one of the main components of ASE, with CYP1A1/2 structure, was performed. Results show that the interaction of corotoxigenin-3-O-glucopyranoside with CYP1A1/2s' α-helices, which are related with the active site and the heme cofactor, may explain the plant extract's inhibitory properties. Results showed that ASE inhibits CYP1A enzymatic subfamily and may potentially act as a chemopreventive agent by inhibiting bioactivation of promutagenic dietary HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaria Lisdeth Gutiérrez-Pacheco
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Etna Aida Peña-Ramos
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Santes-Palacios
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
| | - Martin Valenzuela-Melendres
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Armando Burgos-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales SN Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Ramón Enrique Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales SN Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Jesús Javier Espinosa-Aguirre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior sin Número, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Pekmezci H, Basaran B. Dietary Heat-Treatment Contaminants Exposure and Cancer: A Case Study from Turkey. Foods 2023; 12:2320. [PMID: 37372531 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the 10-year dietary habits of patients diagnosed with cancer (n = 1155) were retrospectively analyzed, and the relationships between dietary (red meat, white meat, fish meat, French fries, bread, instant coffee, ready-to-drink coffee, Turkish coffee, and black tea) heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide, and N-nitrosamine-based risk scores and cancer types were statistically evaluated. The foods with the highest and lowest mean dietary heat-treatment contaminant risk scores were red meat and ready-to-drink coffee, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the dietary heat-treatment contamination risk scores based on the cancer patients' demographic characteristics (sex, age, smoking, and body mass index) (p < 0.05). According to the cancer types, the systems with the highest and lowest dietary heat-treatment contaminant risk scores were determined as other (brain, thyroid, lymphatic malignancies, skin, oro- and hypopharynx, and hematology) and the reproductive (breast, uterus, and ovary) system, respectively. The relationship between instant coffee consumption and respiratory system cancer types, the frequency of consumption of French fries and urinary system cancer types and the consumption of meat products and gastrointestinal system cancer types were determined. It is thought that this study contains important findings regarding the relationship between dietary habits and cancer and will be a good source for other studies to be conducted in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Pekmezci
- Department of Elderly Care, Health Care Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Basaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye
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Beal T, Gardner CD, Herrero M, Iannotti LL, Merbold L, Nordhagen S, Mottet A. Friend or Foe? The Role of Animal-Source Foods in Healthy and Environmentally Sustainable Diets. J Nutr 2023; 153:409-425. [PMID: 36894234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific and political discussions around the role of animal-source foods (ASFs) in healthy and environmentally sustainable diets are often polarizing. To bring clarity to this important topic, we critically reviewed the evidence on the health and environmental benefits and risks of ASFs, focusing on primary trade-offs and tensions, and summarized the evidence on alternative proteins and protein-rich foods. ASFs are rich in bioavailable nutrients commonly lacking globally and can make important contributions to food and nutrition security. Many populations in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia could benefit from increased consumption of ASFs through improved nutrient intakes and reduced undernutrition. Where consumption is high, processed meat should be limited, and red meat and saturated fat should be moderated to lower noncommunicable disease risk-this could also have cobenefits for environmental sustainability. ASF production generally has a large environmental impact; yet, when produced at the appropriate scale and in accordance with local ecosystems and contexts, ASFs can play an important role in circular and diverse agroecosystems that, in certain circumstances, can help restore biodiversity and degraded land and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from food production. The amount and type of ASF that is healthy and environmentally sustainable will depend on the local context and health priorities and will change over time as populations develop, nutritional concerns evolve, and alternative foods from new technologies become more available and acceptable. Efforts by governments and civil society organizations to increase or decrease ASF consumption should be considered in light of the nutritional and environmental needs and risks in the local context and, importantly, integrally involve the local stakeholders impacted by any changes. Policies, programs, and incentives are needed to ensure best practices in production, curb excess consumption where high, and sustainably increase consumption where low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Beal
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA; Institute for Social, Behavioral and Economic Research, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mario Herrero
- Department of Global Development and Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Lutz Merbold
- Integrative Agroecology Group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Mottet
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
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10
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Zapico A, Arboleya S, Ruiz-Saavedra S, Gómez-Martín M, Salazar N, Nogacka AM, Gueimonde M, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, González S. Dietary xenobiotics, (poly)phenols and fibers: Exploring associations with gut microbiota in socially vulnerable individuals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1000829. [PMID: 36313092 PMCID: PMC9597247 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although xenobiotics derived from food processing may cause modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) evidence is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of potential dietary carcinogens as heterocyclic amines (HAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrates, nitrites, nitroso compounds and acrylamide, in combination to fibers (poly)phenols on the GM composition in a group of materially deprived subjects. Study design Transversal observational study in a sample of 19 subjects recipients of Red Cross food aid. Dietary information was recorded by means of 3 non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Questions focused on the type of cooking and the extent of cooking and roasting were included. Information on potential carcinogens was mainly obtained from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) Carcinogen Databases. Microbial composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in fecal samples. Results Higher levels of Lachnospiraceae and Eggerthellaceae families were found in individuals consuming less than 50 ng/day of 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo (4,5,f) quinoxaline (MeIQx) (considered as lower risk dose for colorectal adenoma) while those consuming more than 40 ng/day of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4,5,b) pyridine (PhIP) (higher risk for colorectal adenoma) showed lower relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and greater presence of Streptococcaceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. Conclusion The associations identified between diet and processing by-products on GM in this study could be used as potential targets for the designing of dietary interventions tailored to this collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Martín
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Alicja M. Nogacka
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain,*Correspondence: Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán,
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Sonia González,
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11
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Masdor NA, Mohammed Nawi A, Hod R, Wong Z, Makpol S, Chin SF. The Link between Food Environment and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193954. [PMID: 36235610 PMCID: PMC9573320 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and diet are critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Food environments (FEs) can contribute to disease risk, including CRC. This review investigated the link between FEs and CRC incidence and mortality risk. The systematic search of studies utilised three primary journal databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Retrieved citations were screened and the data were extracted from articles related to the FE-exposed populations who were at risk for CRC and death. We evaluated ecological studies and cohort studies with quality assessment and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies, respectively. A descriptive synthesis of the included studies was performed. Out of 89 articles identified, eight were eligible for the final review. The included studies comprised six ecological studies and two cohort studies published from 2013 to 2021. Six articles were from the US, one was from Africa, and one was from Switzerland. All eight studies were of good quality. The significant finding was that CRC incidence was associated with the availability of specific foods such as red meat, meat, animal fats, energy from animal sources, and an unhealthy FE. Increased CRC mortality was linked with the availability of animal fat, red meat, alcoholic beverages, and calorie food availability, residence in food deserts, and lower FE index. There were a variety of associations between CRC and the FE. The availability of specific foods, unhealthy FE, and food desserts impact CRC incidence and mortality. Creating a healthy FE in the future will require focus and thorough planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azreen Masdor
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zhiqin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Siok-Fong Chin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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12
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Rodríguez-Romero JDJ, Durán-Castañeda AC, Cárdenas-Castro AP, Sánchez-Burgos JA, Zamora-Gasga VM, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG. What we know about protein gut metabolites: Implications and insights for human health and diseases. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100195. [PMID: 35499004 PMCID: PMC9039920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of symbiotic bacteria that contribute to human metabolism and supply intestinal metabolites, whose production is mainly influenced by the diet. Dietary patterns characterized by a high intake of protein promotes the growth of proteolytic bacteria's, which produce metabolites from undigested protein fermentation. Microbioal protein metabolites can regulate immune, metabolic and neuronal responses in different target organs. Metabolic pathways of these compounds and their mechanisms of action on different pathologies can lead to the discovery of new diagnostic techniques, drugs and the potential use as functional ingredients in food. This review discusses the potential mechanisms by which amino acid catabolism is involved in microbial protein metabolites. In addition, results from several studies on the association of products from the intestinal metabolism of indigestible proteins and the state of health or disease of the host are revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Jesús Rodríguez-Romero
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alba Cecilia Durán-Castañeda
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alicia Paulina Cárdenas-Castro
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Burgos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Victor Manuel Zamora-Gasga
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
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13
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Chai X, Li Y, Yin Z, Wu F, Hu P, Liu X, Tong S, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Jiao J. Association of Meat Subtypes With Colorectal Polyp Prevalence: Finding From the Lanxi Pre-colorectal Cancer Cohort in China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:833571. [PMID: 35369045 PMCID: PMC8971953 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.833571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the detrimental effect of red meat on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has been extensively reported, no previous studies have comprehensively linked different meat subtypes with colorectal polyp occurrence. The aim was to assess the association of meat and subtypes with colorectal polyp prevalence for the high-risk CRC Chinese population. Besides, we also focused on the association according to sizes, subsites, and multiplicity of polyps. Methods High-risk CRC patients aged 40–80 years were enrolled into the Lanxi Pre-colorectal Cancer Cohort (LP3C) between March 2018 and December 2019. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted by using the baseline data from LP3C. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to collect dietary information. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of colorectal polyp prevalence were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. Results 2,064 colorectal polyp cases were identified among 6,783 eligible participants in the survey of LP3C (March 2018 and December 2019). Total meat intake was positively related to rectum polyp prevalence (Pfor trend = 0.01) but was not linked to total colorectal polyps after multivariable adjustment. For meat subtypes, higher poultry consumption was significantly related to a higher polyp prevalence [ORQ4vs.Q1 (95% CI): 1.20 (1.02–1.42); Pfor trend = 0.03]. Processed red meat intake was linked to an increased small polyp prevalence (Pfor trend = 0.03) while unprocessed red meat had a relation with a higher rectum polyp prevalence (Pfor trend = 0.04). Furthermore, seafood intake had a significant association with a higher multiple polyp prevalence [ORQ4vs.Q1 (95% CI): 1.70 (1.31–2.21); Pfor trend < 0.001]. Conclusion The finding was that poultry meat consumption was related to a higher polyp prevalence. Besides, total meat consumption, processed and unprocessed red meat consumption, seafood consumption had a positive relation with certain polyp subtypes prevalence. Generally recommending reducing total meat consumption, including poultry, processed and unprocessed red meat, and seafood intake, may prevent colorectal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Yin
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Pan Zhuang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua, China
- *Correspondence: Weifang Zheng,
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Jingjing Jiao,
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14
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Sharif R, Mohammad NMA, Jia Xin Y, Abdul Hamid NH, Shahar S, Ali RAR. Dietary Risk Factors and Odds of Colorectal Adenoma in Malaysia: A Case Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2757-2768. [PMID: 34965818 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2022167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in colorectal cancer risk but there are only a few studies that investigated their relationship with colorectal adenomas (CRA), the precursors for colorectal cancer. A case-control study was conducted to determine the relationship between dietary and lifestyle factors associated with CRA risk among 125 subjects with CRA and 150 subjects without CRA at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM (HCTM), Malaysia. We used dietary history questionnaire (DHQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) to estimate the diet and physical activity. The findings of this study showed that male gender [OR = 2.71 (95% CI= 1.01-7.27)], smoking [OR = 6.39 (95% CI= 1.04-39.30)], family history of cancer [OR = 6.39 (95% CI= 1.04-39.30)], high body fat percentage [OR = 1.25 (95% CI= 1.04-1.51)], high calorie and fat intake [OR = 1.03 (95% CI= 1.01-1.06)], [OR = 1.01 (95% CI= 0.95-1.09)] and red meat intake more than 100 g per day [OR = 1.02 (95% CI= 1.01-1.04)] increased CRA risk. High fiber [OR = 0.78 (95% CI= 0.64-0.95)] and calcium intake [OR = 0.78 (95% CI= 0.98-1.00)] was found to decrease CRA risk. Some of these modifiable risk factors could be advocated as lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razinah Sharif
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Nutrition Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Mahirah Amani Mohammad
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yau Jia Xin
- Nutrition Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Kanduc D, Shores DR, Kovatsi L, Drakoulis N, Porter AL, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA. Contributing factors common to COVID‑19 and gastrointestinal cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:16. [PMID: 34779496 PMCID: PMC8611322 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from the dysfunctional immune response of an individual following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events, ultimately leading to COVID-19. The authors have previously identified a number of contributing factors (CFs) common to myriad chronic diseases. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that there may be a significant overlap between CFs associated with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Thus, in the present study, a streamlined dot-product approach was used initially to identify potential CFs that affect COVID-19 and GIC directly (i.e., the simultaneous occurrence of CFs and disease in the same article). The nascent character of the COVID-19 core literature (~1-year-old) did not allow sufficient time for the direct effects of numerous CFs on COVID-19 to emerge from laboratory experiments and epidemiological studies. Therefore, a literature-related discovery approach was used to augment the COVID-19 core literature-based ‘direct impact’ CFs with discovery-based ‘indirect impact’ CFs [CFs were identified in the non-COVID-19 biomedical literature that had the same biomarker impact pattern (e.g., hyperinflammation, hypercoagulation, hypoxia, etc.) as was shown in the COVID-19 literature]. Approximately 2,250 candidate direct impact CFs in common between GIC and COVID-19 were identified, albeit some being variants of the same concept. As commonality proof of concept, 75 potential CFs that appeared promising were selected, and 63 overlapping COVID-19/GIC potential/candidate CFs were validated with biological plausibility. In total, 42 of the 63 were overlapping direct impact COVID-19/GIC CFs, and the remaining 21 were candidate GIC CFs that overlapped with indirect impact COVID-19 CFs. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that COVID-19 and GIC share a number of common risk/CFs, including behaviors and toxic exposures, that impair immune function. A key component of immune system health is the removal of those factors that contribute to immune system dysfunction in the first place. This requires a paradigm shift from traditional Western medicine, which often focuses on treatment, rather than prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA
| | | | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Darla Roye Shores
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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16
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Iwasaki M, Tsugane S. Dietary heterocyclic aromatic amine intake and cancer risk: epidemiological evidence from Japanese studies. Genes Environ 2021; 43:33. [PMID: 34315542 PMCID: PMC8314635 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), which are formed from the reaction of creatine or creatinine, amino acids, and sugars in meat and fish cooked at high temperatures, have been shown to be mutagenic in bacterial assays and carcinogenic in animal models. Following advances in the dietary assessment of HAA intake in epidemiological studies - including development of a validated meat-cooking module and a specialized food composition database - a number of epidemiological studies have specifically examined the association of HAA intake and cancer risk, most of which were conducted in Western countries. Given that dietary habits and cooking methods differ across countries, however, epidemiological investigation of dietary HAA intake requires a population-specific assessment method. Here, we developed a practical method for assessing dietary HAA intake among Japanese using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and evaluated its validity for use in epidemiological studies by comparison with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) levels in human hair. The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study reported that daily intake of HAAs among Japanese was relatively low, and that more than 50% of total intake in mainland Japan was derived from fish. Only four case-control studies in Japan have been reported so far, for colorectal, stomach and prostate cancer, and colorectal adenoma. A statistically significant positive association was found between 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (MeIQ) and the risk of colorectal adenoma and between individual and total HAAs and the risk of prostate cancer. In contrast, no association was observed for colorectal or stomach cancer, or for colorectal adenoma among men. We also found that the limited and inconsistent findings among epidemiological studies are due to the difficulty in assessing exposure levels of HAAs. In addition to further evidence from prospective cohort studies in Japanese based on dietary HAA intake estimated by FFQs, studies using other methods to assess HAA exposure, such as biomarkers, are highly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Geiker NRW, Bertram HC, Mejborn H, Dragsted LO, Kristensen L, Carrascal JR, Bügel S, Astrup A. Meat and Human Health-Current Knowledge and Research Gaps. Foods 2021; 10:1556. [PMID: 34359429 PMCID: PMC8305097 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat is highly nutritious and contributes with several essential nutrients which are difficult to obtain in the right amounts from other food sources. Industrially processed meat contains preservatives including salts, possibly exerting negative effects on health. During maturation, some processed meat products develop a specific microbiota, forming probiotic metabolites with physiological and biological effects yet unidentified, while the concentration of nutrients also increases. Meat is a source of saturated fatty acids, and current WHO nutrition recommendations advise limiting saturated fat to less than ten percent of total energy consumption. Recent meta-analyses of both observational and randomized controlled trials do not support any effect of saturated fat on cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The current evidence regarding the effect of meat consumption on health is potentially confounded, and there is a need for sufficiently powered high-quality trials assessing the health effects of meat consumption. Future studies should include biomarkers of meat intake, identify metabolic pathways and include detailed study of fermented and other processed meats and their potential of increasing nutrient availability and metabolic effects of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rica Wium Geiker
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Heddie Mejborn
- National Food Institute, Division of Food Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Lars Kristensen
- Danish Meat Research Institute—DMRI Technological Institute, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;
| | - Jorge R. Carrascal
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- IPROCAR, University of Extremadura, E-10004 Caceres, Spain
| | - Susanne Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
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18
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Ramirez Garcia A, Zhang J, Greppi A, Constancias F, Wortmann E, Wandres M, Hurley K, Pascual-García A, Ruscheweyh HJ, Sturla SJ, Lacroix C, Schwab C. Impact of manipulation of glycerol/diol dehydratase activity on intestinal microbiota ecology and metabolism. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:1765-1779. [PMID: 33587772 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol/diol dehydratases (GDH) are enzymes that catalyse the production of propionate from 1,2-propanediol, and acrolein from glycerol. Acrolein reacts with dietary carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HCA), reducing HCA mutagenicity, but is itself also an antimicrobial agent and toxicant. Gut microbial GDH activity has been suggested as an endogenous acrolein source; however, there is limited information on the potential of the intestinal microbiota to have GDH activity, and what impact it can have on the intestinal ecosystem and host health. We hypothesized that GDH activity of gut microbiota is determined by the abundance and distribution of GDH-active taxa and can be enhanced by supplementation of the GDH active Anaerobutyricum hallii, and tested this hypothesis combining quantitative profiling of gdh, model batch fermentations, microbiota manipulation, and kinetic modelling of acrolein formation. Our results suggest that GDH activity is a common trait of intestinal microbiota shared by a few taxa, which was dependent on overall gdh abundance. Anaerobutyricum hallii was identified as a key taxon in GDH metabolism, and its supplementation increased the rate of GDH activity and acrolein release, which enhanced the transformation of HCA and reduced fermentation activity. The findings of this first systematic study on acrolein release by intestinal microbiota indicate that dietary and microbial modulation might impact GDH activity, which may influence host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ramirez Garcia
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Greppi
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Wortmann
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Wandres
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Hurley
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shana J Sturla
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Rider CV, McHale CM, Webster TF, Lowe L, Goodson WH, La Merrill MA, Rice G, Zeise L, Zhang L, Smith MT. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Develop Research on Chemical Mixtures and Cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:35003. [PMID: 33784186 PMCID: PMC8009606 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People are exposed to numerous chemicals throughout their lifetimes. Many of these chemicals display one or more of the key characteristics of carcinogens or interact with processes described in the hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, evaluating the effects of chemical mixtures on cancer development is an important pursuit. Challenges involved in designing research studies to evaluate the joint action of chemicals on cancer risk include the time taken to perform the experiments because of the long latency and choosing an appropriate experimental design. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this work are to present the case for developing a research program on mixtures of environmental chemicals and cancer risk and describe recommended approaches. METHODS A working group comprising the coauthors focused attention on the design of mixtures studies to inform cancer risk assessment as part of a larger effort to refine the key characteristics of carcinogens and explore their application. Working group members reviewed the key characteristics of carcinogens, hallmarks of cancer, and mixtures research for other disease end points. The group discussed options for developing tractable projects to evaluate the joint effects of environmental chemicals on cancer development. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Three approaches for developing a research program to evaluate the effects of mixtures on cancer development were proposed: a chemical screening approach, a transgenic model-based approach, and a disease-centered approach. Advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8525.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia V. Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cliona M. McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Thomas F. Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer (NGO), Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - William H. Goodson
- Department of Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenn Rice
- Office of Research & Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of the Director, Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
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20
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Zhou E, Rifkin S. Colorectal Cancer and Diet: Risk Versus Prevention, Is Diet an Intervention? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:101-111. [PMID: 33518157 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in men and women in the world. Epidemiologic research approximates that half of colon cancer risk is preventable by modifiable risk factors, including diet. This article reviews prior studies involving certain food items and their relation to colorectal cancer, to elucidate whether diet can be a potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 431, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samara Rifkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 6520 MSRB1, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Dhillon VS, Deo P, Bonassi S, Fenech M. Lymphocyte micronuclei frequencies in skin, haematological, prostate, colorectal and esophageal cancer cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108372. [PMID: 34083057 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assay has been widely used as a biomarker of DNA damage, chromosomal instability, cancer risk and accelerated aging in many epidemiological studies. In this narrative review and meta-analysis we assessed the association between lymphocyte micronuclei (MNi) and cancers of the skin, blood, digestive tract, and prostate. The review identified nineteen studies with 717 disease subjects and 782 controls. Significant increases in MRi for MNi were observed in the following groups: subjects with blood cancer (MRi = 3.98; 95 % CI: 1.98-7.99; p = 0.000) and colorectal cancer (excluding IBD) (MRi = 2.69; 95 % CI: 1.82-3.98, p < 0.000). The results of this review suggest that lymphocyte MNi are a biomarker of DNA damage and chromosomal instability in people with haematological or colorectal cancers. However, the MRi for lymphocyte MNi in subjects with cancers of skin, prostate, esophagus was not significantly increased. More case-control and prospective studies are warranted to further verify the observed trends and to better understand the role of lymphocyte MNi as a biomarker of cancer risk in blood, skin, digestive tract and prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Mosley D, Su T, Murff HJ, Smalley WE, Ness RM, Zheng W, Shrubsole MJ. Meat intake, meat cooking methods, and meat-derived mutagen exposure and risk of sessile serrated lesions. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1244-1251. [PMID: 32077920 PMCID: PMC7266682 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red and processed meat, recognized carcinogens, are risk factors for colorectal neoplasia, including polyps, the precursor for colorectal cancer. The mechanism is unclear. One possible explanation is the mutagenic activity of these foods, perhaps due to generation during cooking [e.g., heterocyclic amine (HCA) intake]. Few studies have evaluated meat intake and sessile serrated lesion (SSL) risk, a recently recognized precursor, and no study has evaluated meat cooking methods and meat-derived mutagens with SSL risk. OBJECTIVE We evaluated intakes of meat, meat cooking methods, and inferred meat mutagens with SSL risk and in comparison to risk of other polyps. METHODS Meat, well-done meat, and inferred meat mutagen intakes were evaluated. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs among cases (556 hyperplastic polyp, 1753 adenoma, and 208 SSL) and controls (3804) in the large colonoscopy-based, case-control study, the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. RESULTS The highest quartile intakes of red meat (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.44, 3.93), processed meat (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.17), well-done red meat (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.60), and the HCA 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQX; OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.16) were associated with increased risk of SSLs in comparison to the lowest quartile intake. CONCLUSIONS High intakes of red and processed meats are strongly and especially associated with SSL risk and part of the association may be due to HCA intake. Future studies should evaluate other mechanism(s) and the potential for primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Walter E Smalley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid M Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Chen X, Jia W, Zhu L, Mao L, Zhang Y. Recent advances in heterocyclic aromatic amines: An update on food safety and hazardous control from food processing to dietary intake. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:124-148. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Wei Jia
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Li Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
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24
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Lee S, Ahn RM, Kim JH, Han YD, Lee JH, Son BS, Lee K. Study Design, Rationale and Procedures for Human Biomonitoring of Hazardous Chemicals from Foods and Cooking in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142583. [PMID: 31331024 PMCID: PMC6678262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: A nationwide biomonitoring program identified the long-term trends of environmental exposures to hazardous chemicals in the general population and found geographical locations where body burdens of an exposed group significantly differed from those of the general population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the hazardous compounds associated with foods and cooking in the nationwide general population for evaluation of the environmental exposures and health risk factors and for the establishment of the reference levels at the national level. Methods: During 2009–2010, the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) conducted a nationwide human biomonitoring study, including a questionnaire survey and environmental exposure assessments for specific hazardous compounds from foods and cooking among the general population in South Korea. Results: A total of 2139 individuals voluntarily participated in 98 survey units in South Korea, including 889 (41.6%) men and 1250 women (58.4%). Bio-specimens (serum and urine) and questionnaires were collected from the study population. Acrylamides, heterocyclic amines (HCAs), phenols, and phthalates were analyzed from urine, and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and organic chloride pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed from serum samples. The information on exposure pathway and geographical locations for all participants was collected by questionnaire interviews, which included demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, history of family diseases, conditions of the indoor and outdoor environment, lifestyles, occupational history, and food and dietary information. Conclusion: We describe the design of the study and sampling of human biospecimen procedures including bio-sample repository systems. The resources produced from this nationwide human biomonitoring study and survey will be valuable for use in future biomarkers studies and for the assessment of exposure to hazardous compounds associated with foods and cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Lee
- Samsung Health Research Institute, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 1 Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do 18448, Korea
| | - Ryoung Me Ahn
- Department of Health Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, 13 gil, 60 Hwarang-ro, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, 13 gil, 60 Hwarang-ro, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Yoon-Deok Han
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Jin Heon Lee
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Bu-Soon Son
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Korea.
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Samsung Health Research Institute, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 1 Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do 18448, Korea.
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25
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Xenobiotics Formed during Food Processing: Their Relation with the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082051. [PMID: 31027304 PMCID: PMC6514608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is exposed to a mixture of compounds through diet, among which some are procarcinogens, whereas others have a protective effect. Therefore, the net impact of these compounds on human health depends on the overall balance between all factors involved. Strong scientific evidence has demonstrated the relationship between nitrosamines (NA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are the major genotoxins derived from cooking and food processing, and cancer. The mechanisms of the relationship between dietary toxic xenobiotics and cancer risk are not yet well understood, but it has been suggested that differences in dietary habits affect the colonic environment by increasing or decreasing the exposure to mutagens directly and indirectly through changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Several changes in the proportions of specific microbial groups have been proposed as risk factors for the development of neoplastic lesions and the enrichment of enterotoxigenic microbial strains in stool. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota composition and activity promoted by diet may modify the faecal genotoxicity/cytotoxicity, which can be associated with a higher or lower risk of developing cancer. Therefore, the interaction between dietary components and intestinal bacteria may be a modifiable factor for the development of colorectal cancer in humans and deserves more attention in the near future.
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26
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Inevitable dietary exposure of Benzo[a]pyrene: carcinogenic risk assessment an emerging issues and concerns. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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