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Chromosomally Unstable Gastric Cancers Overexpressing Claudin-6 Disclose Cross-Talk between HNF1A and HNF4A, and Upregulated Cholesterol Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213977. [PMID: 36430456 PMCID: PMC9694805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Abnormally increased expression of claudin-6 in gastric cancer is considered a prognostic marker of the chromosomal unstable molecular subtype. However, a detailed molecular profile analysis of differentially expressed genes and affected pathways associated with claudin-6 increased (Cldn6high) expression has not been assessed. (2) The TCGA Stomach Adenocarcinoma Pan-Cancer Atlas Data was evaluated using Cytoscape's Gene Mania, MCODE, and Cytohubba bioinformatic software. (3) 96.88% of Cldn6high gastric cancer tumors belonging to the chromosomal unstable molecular subtype are associated with a worse prognosis. Cldn6expression coincided with higher mutations in TP53, MIEN1, STARD3, PGAP3, and CCNE1 genes compared to Cldn6low expression. In Cldn6high cancers, 1316 genes were highly expressed. Cholesterol metabolism was the most affected pathway as APOA1, APOA2, APOH, APOC2, APOC3, APOB-100, LDL receptor-related protein 1/2, Sterol O-acyltransferase, STARD3, MAGEA-2, -3, -4, -6, -9B, and -12 genes were overexpressed in Cldn6high gastric cancers; interestingly, APOA2 and MAGEA9b were identified as top hub genes. Functional enrichment of DEGs linked HNF-4α and HNF-1α genes as highly expressed in Cldn6high gastric cancer. (4) Our results suggest that APOA2 and MAGEA9b could be considered as prognostic markers for Cldn6high gastric cancers.
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MAGEA11 as a STAD Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102506. [PMID: 36292195 PMCID: PMC9600629 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of MAGE family member A11 (MAGEA11) is upregulated in different tumors. However, in gastric cancer, the prognostic significance of MAGEA11 and its relationship with immune infiltration remain largely unknown. The expression of MAGEA11 in pan-cancer and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and survival impact of gastric cancer were evaluated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Whether MAGEA11 was an independent risk factor was assessed by Cox analysis. Nomograms were constructed from MAGEA11 and clinical variables. Gene functional pathway enrichment was obtained based on MAGEA11 differential analysis. The relationship between MAGEA11 and immune infiltration was determined by the Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER) and the Tumor Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB). Finally, MAGEA11-sensitive drugs were predicted based on the CellMiner database. The results showed that the expression of MAGEA11 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The ROC curve indicated an AUC value of 0.667. Survival analysis showed that patients with high MAGEA11 had poor prognosis (HR = 1.43, p = 0.034). In correlation analysis, MAGEA11 mRNA expression was found to be associated with tumor purity and immune invasion. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis found that the expression of MAGEA11 was correlated with seven drugs. Our study found that upregulated MAGEA11 in gastric cancer was significantly associated with lower survival and invasion by immune infiltration. It is suggested that MAGEA11 may be a potential biomarker and immunotherapy target for gastric cancer.
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Hong DS, Butler MO, Pachynski RK, Sullivan R, Kebriaei P, Boross-Harmer S, Ghobadi A, Frigault MJ, Dumbrava EE, Sauer A, Brophy F, Navenot JM, Fayngerts S, Wolchinsky Z, Broad R, Batrakou DG, Wang R, Solis LM, Duose DY, Sanderson JP, Gerry AB, Marks D, Bai J, Norry E, Fracasso PM. Phase 1 Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety and Anti-Tumor Activity of ADP-A2M10 SPEAR T-Cells in Patients With MAGE-A10+ Head and Neck, Melanoma, or Urothelial Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818679. [PMID: 35372008 PMCID: PMC8972123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ADP-A2M10 specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor (SPEAR) T-cells are genetically engineered autologous T-cells that express a high-affinity melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A10-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) targeting MAGE-A10-positive tumors in the context of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02. ADP-0022-004 is a phase 1, dose-escalation trial to evaluate the safety and anti-tumor activity of ADP-A2M10 in three malignancies (https://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02989064). Methods Eligible patients were HLA-A*02 positive with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), melanoma, or urothelial carcinoma (UC) expressing MAGE-A10. Patients underwent apheresis; T-cells were isolated, transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the MAGE-A10 TCR, and expanded. Patients underwent lymphodepletion with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide prior to receiving ADP-A2M10. ADP-A2M10 was administered in two dose groups receiving 0.1×109 and >1.2 to 6×109 transduced cells, respectively, and an expansion group receiving 1.2 to 15×109 transduced cells. Results Ten patients (eight male and two female) with HNSCC (four), melanoma (three), and UC (three) were treated. Three patients were treated in each of the two dose groups, and four patients were treated in the expansion group. The most frequently reported adverse events grade ≥3 were leukopenia (10), lymphopenia (10), neutropenia (10), anemia (nine), and thrombocytopenia (five). Two patients reported cytokine release syndrome (one each with grade 1 and grade 3), with resolution. Best response included stable disease in four patients, progressive disease in five patients, and not evaluable in one patient. ADP-A2M10 cells were detectable in peripheral blood from patients in each dose group and the expansion group and in tumor tissues from patients in the higher dose group and the expansion group. Peak persistence was greater in patients from the higher dose group and the expansion group compared with the lower dose group. Conclusions ADP-A2M10 has shown an acceptable safety profile with no evidence of toxicity related to off-target binding or alloreactivity in these malignancies. Persistence of ADP-A2M10 in the peripheral blood and trafficking of ADP-A2M10 into the tumor was demonstrated. Because MAGE-A10 expression frequently overlaps with MAGE-A4 expression in tumors and responses were observed in the MAGE-A4 trial (NCT03132922), this clinical program closed, and trials with SPEAR T-cells targeting the MAGE-A4 antigen are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Hong,
| | - Marcus O. Butler
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell K. Pachynski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Boross-Harmer
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Ghobadi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew J. Frigault
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ecaterina E. Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy Sauer
- Adaptimmune LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Robyn Broad
- Adaptimmune Limited, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruoxi Wang
- Adaptimmune Limited, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa M. Solis
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dzifa Yawa Duose
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Diane Marks
- Adaptimmune LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jane Bai
- Adaptimmune LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elliot Norry
- Adaptimmune LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Habib I, Anjum F, Mohammad T, Sulaimani MN, Shafie A, Almehmadi M, Yadav DK, Sohal SS, Hassan MI. Differential gene expression and network analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1361-1370. [PMID: 35142951 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with a poor prognosis, whose biomarkers have not been studied in great detail. We have collected genomic data of HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed them to get deeper insights into the gene expression pattern. Initially, 793 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were categorized, and their enrichment analysis was performed. Later, a protein-protein interaction network for the DEGs was constructed using the STRING plugin in Cytoscape to study their interactions. A set of 10 hub genes was selected based on Maximal Clique Centrality score, and later their survival analysis was studied. The elucidated set of 10 genes, i.e., PRAME, MAGEC2, MAGEA12, LHX1, MAGEA3, CSAG1, MAGEA6, LCE6A, LCE2D, LCE2C, referred to as potential candidates to be explored as HNSCC biomarkers. The Kaplan-Meier overall survival of the selected genes suggested that the alterations in the candidate genes were linked to the decreased survival of the HNSCC patients. Altogether, the results of this study signify that the genomic alterations and differential expression of the selected genes can be explored in therapeutic interpolations of HNSCC, exploiting early diagnosis and target-propelled therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insan Habib
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Nayab Sulaimani
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City, 21924, South Korea.
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Blumenschein GR, Devarakonda S, Johnson M, Moreno V, Gainor J, Edelman MJ, Heymach JV, Govindan R, Bachier C, Doger de Spéville B, Frigault MJ, Olszanski AJ, Lam VK, Hyland N, Navenot JM, Fayngerts S, Wolchinsky Z, Broad R, Batrakou D, Pentony MM, Sanderson JP, Gerry A, Marks D, Bai J, Holdich T, Norry E, Fracasso PM. Phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of ADP-A2M10 SPEAR T cells in patients with MAGE-A10 + advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003581. [PMID: 35086946 PMCID: PMC8796260 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ADP-A2M10 specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor (SPEAR) T cells (ADP-A2M10) are genetically engineered autologous T cells that express a high-affinity melanoma-associated antigen A10 (MAGE-A10)-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) targeting MAGE-A10+ tumors in the context of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02. ADP-0022-003 was a phase I dose-escalation trial that aimed to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of ADP-A2M10 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCT02592577). Methods Eligible patients were HLA-A*02 positive with advanced NSCLC expressing MAGE-A10. Patients underwent apheresis; T cells were isolated, transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the TCR targeting MAGE-A10, and expanded. Patients underwent lymphodepletion with varying doses/schedules of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide prior to receiving ADP-A2M10. ADP-A2M10 were administered at 0.08–0.12×109 (dose group 1), 0.5–1.2×109 (dose group 2), and 1.2–15×109 (dose group 3/expansion) transduced cells. Results Eleven patients (male, n=6; female, n=5) with NSCLC (adenocarcinoma, n=8; squamous cell carcinoma, n=3) were treated. Five, three, and three patients received cells in dose group 1, dose group 2, and dose group 3/expansion, respectively. The most frequently reported grade ≥3 adverse events were lymphopenia (n=11), leukopenia (n=10), neutropenia (n=8), anemia (n=6), thrombocytopenia (n=5), and hyponatremia (n=5). Three patients presented with cytokine release syndrome (grades 1, 2, and 4, respectively). One patient received the highest dose of lymphodepletion (fludarabine 30 mg/m2 on days –5 to –2 and cyclophosphamide 1800 mg/m2 on days −5 to −4) prior to a second infusion of ADP-A2M10 and had a partial response, subsequently complicated by aplastic anemia and death. Responses included: partial response (after second infusion; one patient), stable disease (four patients), clinical or radiographic progressive disease (five patients), and not evaluable (one patient). ADP-A2M10 were detectable in peripheral blood and in tumor tissue. Peak persistence was higher in patients who received higher doses of ADP-A2M10. Conclusions ADP-A2M10 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and no evidence of toxicity related to off-target binding or alloreactivity. There was persistence of ADP-A2M10 in peripheral blood as well as ADP-A2M10 trafficking into the tumor. Given the discovery that MAGE-A10 and MAGE-A4 expression frequently overlap, this clinical program closed as trials with SPEAR T cells targeting MAGE-A4 are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Blumenschein
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Melissa Johnson
- Lung Cancer Research and Drug Development, Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin J Edelman
- Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlos Bachier
- Hematology, Sarah Cannon Center for Blood Cancer at TriStar Centennial, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Frigault
- Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony J Olszanski
- Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincent K Lam
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Robyn Broad
- Adaptimmune, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Gerry
- Adaptimmune, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Diane Marks
- Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane Bai
- Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tom Holdich
- Adaptimmune, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK
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Shang Y, Jiang YL, Ye LJ, Chen LN, Ke Y. Resveratrol acts via melanoma-associated antigen A12 (MAGEA12)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling to inhibit the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2253-2262. [PMID: 34085601 PMCID: PMC8806796 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1934242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined how resveratrol affects cell growth and MAGEA12/Akt signaling pathway in OSCC cells. Cal-27 cells were transiently transfected with a plasmid encoding MAGEA12, and the effects of overexpression were assessed in terms of cell viability, colony formation and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Cal-27 cells and MAGEA12-overexpressing cells were treated with resveratrol, then the cell viability and colony formation were also assessed by CCK8 assay and microscope, respectively. Levels of MAGEA12, p-Akt, Akt, Cyclin D1, and CDK14 genes and these proteins were analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction and western blot. In the present research, we first generated and transiently transfected MAGEA12 plasmid into Cal-27 cells. Our results suggested that overexpressing MAGEA12 led to an increase in levels of phospho-Akt, which was associated with increased cell viability, colony formation. Moreover, overexpressing MAGEA12 also resulted in the up-regulation of Cyclin D1 and CDK14, indicating MAGEA12 induces the cell proliferation of Cal-27 cells. In addition, these effects were partially reversed by inhibiting Akt. Furthermore, resveratrol could inhibit the proliferation and colony in Cal-27 cells and decrease the expressions of MAGEA12 and p-Akt depending on the time and concentration. These effects were also partially reversed by MAGEA12 overexpression and Akt activation. In summary, resveratrol may suppress the growth of OSCC cells by inactivating MAGEA12/Akt signaling. These findings suggest that resveratrol may be a therapeutic drug for OSCC in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P.R.C
| | - Yu-Ling Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P.R.C
| | - Li-Jun Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P.R.C
| | - Li-Na Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P.R.C
| | - Yue Ke
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P.R.C
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Dlamini Z, Hull R, Mbatha SZ, Alaouna M, Qiao YL, Yu H, Chatziioannou A. Prognostic Alternative Splicing Signatures in Esophageal Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4509-4527. [PMID: 34113176 PMCID: PMC8186946 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s305464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a method of increasing the number of proteins that the genome is capable of coding for, by altering the pre-mRNA during its maturation. This process provides the ability of a broad range of proteins to arise from a single gene. AS events are known to occur in up to 94% of human genes. Cumulative data have shown that aberrant AS functionality is a major factor in human diseases. This review focuses on the contribution made by aberrant AS functionality in the development and progression of esophageal cancer. The changes in the pattern of expression of alternately spliced isoforms in esophageal cancer can be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Additionally, these can be used as targets for the development of new treatments for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sikhumbuzo Z Mbatha
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Alaouna
- SAMRC Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- SAMRC Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Herbert Yu
- SAMRC Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- SAMRC Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,e-NIOS Applications PC, Kallithea, Athens, 17676, Greece
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8
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Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte elicited therapeutic vaccine candidate targeting cancer against MAGE-A11 carcinogenic protein. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226922. [PMID: 33169789 PMCID: PMC7711063 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a breakthrough approach for cancer treatment and prevention. By exploiting the fact that cancer cells have overexpression of tumor antigens responsible for its growth and progression, which can be identified and removed by boosting the immune system. In silico techniques have provided efficient ways for developing preventive measures to ward off cancer. Herein, we have designed a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope to elicit a desirable immune response against carcinogenic melanoma-associated antigen-A11. Potent epitope was predicted using reliable algorithms and characterized by advanced computational avenue CABS molecular dynamics simulation, for full flexible binding with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor to large-scale rearrangements of the complex system. Results showed the potent immunogenic construct (KIIDLVHLL), from top epitopes using five algorithms. Molecular docking analyses showed the strong binding of epitope with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor with docking score of -780.6 and -641.06 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed strong binding of lead epitope with androgen receptor by involvement of 127 elements through atomic-model study. Full flexibility study showed stable binding of epitope with an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) 2.21 Å and maximum RMSD value of 6.48 Å in optimal cluster density area. The epitope also showed remarkable results with radius of gyration 23.0777 Å, world population coverage of 39.08% by immune epitope database, and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) affinity IC50 value of 2039.65 nm. Moreover, in silico cloning approach confirmed the expression and translation capacity of the construct within a suitable expression vector. The present study paves way for a potential immunogenic construct for prevention of cancer.
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Niemira M, Collin F, Szalkowska A, Bielska A, Chwialkowska K, Reszec J, Niklinski J, Kwasniewski M, Kretowski A. Molecular Signature of Subtypes of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Large-Scale Transcriptional Profiling: Identification of Key Modules and Genes by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:E37. [PMID: 31877723 PMCID: PMC7017323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies consisting essentially of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Although the diagnosis and treatment of ADC and SCC have been greatly improved in recent decades, there is still an urgent need to identify accurate transcriptome profile associated with the histological subtypes of NSCLC. The present study aims to identify the key dysregulated pathways and genes involved in the development of lung ADC and SCC and to relate them with the clinical traits. The transcriptional changes between tumour and normal lung tissues were investigated by RNA-seq. Gene ontology (GO), canonical pathways analysis with the prediction of upstream regulators, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify co-expressed modules and hub genes were used to explore the biological functions of the identified dysregulated genes. It was indicated that specific gene signatures differed significantly between ADC and SCC related to the distinct pathways. Of identified modules, four and two modules were the most related to clinical features in ADC and SCC, respectively. CTLA4, MZB1, NIP7, and BUB1B in ADC, as well as GNG11 and CCNB2 in SCC, are novel top hub genes in modules associated with tumour size, SUVmax, and recurrence-free survival. Our research provides a more effective understanding of the importance of biological pathways and the relationships between major genes in NSCLC in the perspective of searching for new molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Francois Collin
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (F.C.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Szalkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Bielska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Karolina Chwialkowska
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (F.C.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Joanna Reszec
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (F.C.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Chegni H, Hassan ZM, Nisini R, Ebrahimi M, Sabouni F. Preliminary In Vitro Effects of CD8+ T Lymphocyte Specific for the CD20 Alternative Splicing D393-CD20 Peptide Expressed on Burkitt Lymphoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2563-2568. [PMID: 31450932 PMCID: PMC6852797 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective discovery of clinically relevant tumor antigens holds a fundamental role for the development of new diagnostic tools and anticancer immunotherapies. D393-CD20 mRNA is absent from normal resting B cells but present in various malignant or transformed B cells. CD8+T lymphocytes play a central role in immunity to cancer. In this study, we want use from T CD8+ against D393-CD20 for effect in RAMOS cell line. After isolation and expanding of specific TCD8 + Lymphocyte against D393-CD20 antigen, for examining the effect of specialized T lymphocyte clone of D393-CD20 antigen on RAMOS cell line, we co-cultured them together, and the rate of apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry and cytotoxicity techniques by using MTT technique. We observed that specialized TCD8+ lymphocyte of D393-CD20 antigen can induce apoptosis in malignant B-lymphocytes, and this antigen can be a proper target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Chegni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zuhair M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Investigation into the expression levels of MAGEA6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1816-1822. [PMID: 31410142 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is the sixth most deadly of all cancers. It is among the most malignant cancers due to its highly aggressive nature and low survival rate. The incidence of EC is high in Asia, particularly in Southern areas including China, Iran and Japan. There is a large body of evidence to suggest an association between the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family and the initiation of cancer; however, there is no clear evidence to suggest an association between EC and MAGE. Discovery of the chemical and physiological processes relevant to the occurrence of EC is vital for clinicians to diagnose and treat this highly aggressive cancer. The present study focused on the association of EC with the expression of MAGE family member A6 (MAGEA6) at the mRNA and protein levels using gene chip, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The expression of MAGEA6 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tissue samples were compared with those in paracancerous tissue. The result of the gene chip assay revealed that as the generation grew, there was a significant increase in MAGEA6 transcription in the esophageal epithelial cell line, SHEE Different ESC cell lines also exhibited a significantly higher transcription of MAGEA6 compared with the HaCaT cell line, as determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. An higher positive rate of MAGEA6 expression in ESCC and EAC tissues was also revealed when compared with paracancerous tissues, as determined via immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that MAGEA6 is highly transcribed and expressed in the development of EC and may therefore serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis or treatment of EC.
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12
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Chi Soh JE, Abu N, Jamal R. The potential immune-eliciting cancer testis antigens in colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:1093-1104. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) has been an important finding in the search of potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. CTA is one of the subfamilies of the large tumor-associated antigens groups. It is aberrantly expressed in various types of human tumors but is absent in normal tissues except for the testis and placenta. This CTAs-restricted pattern of expression in human malignancies together with its potential immunogenic properties, has stirred the interest of many researchers to use CTAs as one of the ideal targets in cancer immunotherapy. To date, multiple studies have shown that CTAs-based vaccines can elicit clinical and immunological responses in different tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This review details our current understanding of CTAs and CRC in regard to the expression and immunological responses as well as some of the critical hurdles in CTAs-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Lian Y, Sang M, Gu L, Liu F, Yin D, Liu S, Huang W, Wu Y, Shan B. MAGE-A family is involved in gastric cancer progression and indicates poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Pathol Res Pract 2017. [PMID: 28647208 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the best characterized CTA family members, melanoma-associated antigens (MAGE) have been reported to express in various malignant tumors. However, the expression pattern of MAGE-A family in gastric cancer (GC) specimens and their prognostic and therapeutic significance for GC patients is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarray - based immunohistochemistry analysis was used to examine the expression of MAGE-A family members (including MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12) in 86 cases of GC specimens, 20 cases of the corresponding adjacent normal gastric specimens, and 9 cases of intraepithelial neoplasia specimens. The association between MAGE-A expression and the clinicopathological parameters as well as the 5-year overall survival of GC patients was analyzed. RESULTS 54.7% of GC specimens showed positive MAGE-A expression. In the adjacent normal gastric specimens, MAGE-A was not expressed in the normal surface mucous cells, but expressed in some normal fundic glands. In addition, MAGE-A expression was also detected in intraepithelial neoplasia specimens. In GC specimens, MAGE-A expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, poor differentiation, and high clinical TNM stage. MAGE-A expression was also correlated with the poor 5-year overall survival of GC patients. However, MAGE-A expression is not an independent prognostic factor for GC patients. CONCLUSIONS MAGE-A family may be involved in the gastric cancer progression, and their expression could be considered to improve the prognostic evaluation for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishui Lian
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiang Sang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China; Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Gu
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China; Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Danjing Yin
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shina Liu
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China; Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Huang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China; Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Wu
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China; Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China; Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Mendonça BDS, Agostini M, Aquino IG, Dias WB, Bastos DC, Rumjanek FD. Suppression of MAGE-A10 alters the metastatic phenotype of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:267-275. [PMID: 28955754 PMCID: PMC5614724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGE-A10 is a member of the MAGE protein family (melanoma associated antigen) which is overexpressed in cancer cells. Although MAGE-A10 has been characterized for some time and is generally associated to metastasis its function remains unknown. Here we describe experiments using as models oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines displaying increasing metastatic potential (LN1 and LN2). These cell lines were transduced with lentivirus particles coding for short hairpin against MAGE-A10 mRNA. Repression of MAGE-A10 expression in LN2 cells altered their morphology and impaired growth of LN1 and LN2 cell lines. Furthermore, repression of MAGE-A10 expression increased cell-cell and cell matrix adhesion. Furthermore shMAGEA10 cells were shown to assemble aberrantly on a 3D culture system (microspheroids) when compared to cells transduced with the control scrambled construct. Cell migration was inhibited in knocked down cells as revealed by two different migration assays, wound healing and a phagokinetic track motility assay. In vitro invasion assay using a leiomyoma tissue derived matrix (myogel) showed that shMAGEA10 LN1 and shMAGEA10 LN2 cells displayed a significantly diminished ability to penetrate the matrices. Concomitantly, the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin genes was analyzed. shMAGEA10 activated the expression of E-cadherin and repression N-cadherin and vimentin transcription. Taken together the results indicate that MAGE-A10 exerts its effects at the level of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) presumably by regulating the expression of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna dos Santos Mendonça
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Ilha do Fundão CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Agostini
- Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iara Gonçalves Aquino
- Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biofísica-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Débora Campanella Bastos
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Franklin D. Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Ilha do Fundão CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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15
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High expression levels of MAGE-A9 are correlated with unfavorable survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4871-81. [PMID: 26717042 PMCID: PMC4826249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) protein are commonly detected in lung cancers. Their biological function is not well characterized but may involve cell cycle progression and the regulation of apoptosis. We hypothesized that MAGE-A9 is involved in the regulation of apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated MAGE-A9 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining and we assessed the relationship between the expression of MAGE-A9 and clinical pathological parameters. In addition, we investigated the effect of MAGE-A9 down-regulation in lung adenocarcinoma. The results showed that a high expression level of MAGE-A9 protein in lung adenocarcinoma tumor cells was related to larger tumor diameter (P = 0.013) and poor differentiation (P = 0.029). Cox regression analysis revealed that the expression of MAGE-A9 in lung adenocarcinoma tumor cells (P < 0.001) is an independent prognostic factor in five-year survival rates. NSCLC cells with silenced MAGE-A9 had decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cell culture compared to corresponding control cells. The NSCLC cells showing down-regulated MAGE-A9 induced the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition, MAGE-A9 was associated with resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings provide evidence that MAGE-A9 could be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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16
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Lin J, Myers AL, Wang Z, Nancarrow DJ, Ferrer-Torres D, Handlogten A, Leverenz K, Bao J, Thomas DG, Wang TD, Orringer MB, Reddy RM, Chang AC, Beer DG, Lin L. Osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) isoforms collectively enhance tumor cell invasion and dissemination in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22239-57. [PMID: 26068949 PMCID: PMC4673160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus understanding the molecular basis for EAC invasion and metastasis is critical. Here we report that SPP1/OPN was highly overexpressed in primary EACs and intracellularly localized to tumor cells. We further demonstrate that all known OPN isoforms (OPNa, b, c, 4 and 5) were frequently co-overexpressed in primary EACs. Distinct pro-invasion and dissemination phenotypes of isoform-specific OPNb and OPNc stable transfectants were observed. Expression of OPNb significantly enhanced cell migration and adhesion to laminin. In contrast, OPNc cells showed significantly decreased cell migration yet increased cell detachment. Enhanced invasion, both in vitro and in vivo, was observed for OPNb- but not OPNc-expressing cells. Inhibition of RGD integrins, one family of OPN receptors, attenuated OPNb cell migration, abrogated OPNb cell adhesion and significantly reduced OPNb cell clonogenic survival but did not affect OPNc phenotypes, indicating that OPNb but not OPNc acts through integrin-dependent signaling. Differential expression of vimentin, E-cadherin and β-catenin in OPN stable cells may account for the variation in cell adhesion and detachment between these isoforms. We conclude that while all OPN isoforms are frequently co-overexpressed in primary EACs, isoforms OPNb and OPNc enhance invasion and dissemination through collective yet distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy L Myers
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daysha Ferrer-Torres
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Handlogten
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimmy Leverenz
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia Bao
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark B Orringer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) and New York esophageal squamous cell cancer-1 (NY-ESO-1) are 2 cancer testis antigens (CTA) demonstrating potential for use in targeted immunotherapy. Clinical trials in melanoma and synovial sarcomas targeting these antigens in immune-based therapies have demonstrated durable tumor regression. Although protein expression of NY-ESO-1 has been assessed in a variety of cancer types, the expression of MAGE-A has not been studied in depth. In this study we analyzed MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression in 314 melanoma specimens from 301 melanoma patients, 38 patients with squamous cell cancers and 111 patients with adenocarcinomas. Our results demonstrated higher expression of MAGE-A compared with NY-ESO-1 in melanomas (32% vs. 13%) and squamous cell carcinomas (45% vs. 7.9%), and higher expression of both CTAs in metastatic versus primary tumors. CTA expression in adenocarcinomas was low (MAGE-A: 10%, NY-ESO-1: 0.9%). In addition, we looked at concordance of expression among metastatic melanoma lesions within the same patient and found concordant expression in 38 of 47 patients for MAGE-A and 43 of 47 patients for NY-ESO-1. Our study demonstrated that the MAGE-A family may be of greater utility than NY-ESO-1 for targeted immunotherapy in a variety of cancer histologies, in particular metastatic melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas.
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18
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Gruselle O, Coche T, Louahed J. Development of a Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for the Detection of MAGE-A3-Positive Tumors. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:382-91. [PMID: 25986000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma antigen A3 (MAGE-A3) is a member of the MAGE family of tumor antigens and a relevant candidate for use in cancer immunotherapy. However, not all tumors express MAGE-A3, and closely related members of the MAGE family can be co-expressed with MAGE-A3 in the same tumor. Therefore, in the frame of MAGE-A3 clinical trials, it appeared necessary to evaluate tumors for MAGE-A3 expression with a highly specific quantitative assay to select patients who are eligible for anti-MAGE-A3 immunotherapy treatment. Herein, we describe the development and validation of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for the determination of MAGEA3 gene expression in tumor tissues. In the early phases of development, the designed primers and probe were not able to distinguish between MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6. To ensure the specificity for MAGE-A3 over MAGE-A6, our strategy was to use a 5'-nuclease probe (or hydrolysis probe). The final assay was shown to be specific and linear within the analytical range, with an acceptable CV for repeatability and intermediate precision. When compared with a reference semiquantitative RT-PCR assay, the two methods were in good agreement, with only 4.23% of the samples giving discordant results. In conclusion, we have developed a MAGE-A3-specific RT-qPCR assay, compatible with a high-throughput setting for the estimation of MAGEA3 gene expression in present and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Coche
- Immunotherapeutics, GSK Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium.
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19
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Vauchy C, Gamonet C, Ferrand C, Daguindau E, Galaine J, Beziaud L, Chauchet A, Henry Dunand CJ, Deschamps M, Rohrlich PS, Borg C, Adotevi O, Godet Y. CD20 alternative splicing isoform generates immunogenic CD4 helper T epitopes. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:116-26. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charline Vauchy
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Clementine Gamonet
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Etienne Daguindau
- Department of Hematology; University Hospital of Besançon, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Jeanne Galaine
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Laurent Beziaud
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Adrien Chauchet
- Department of Hematology; University Hospital of Besançon, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Carole J. Henry Dunand
- The Department of Medicine; Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago; Chicago IL
| | - Marina Deschamps
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Pierre Simon Rohrlich
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital of Besançon, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Department of Medical Oncology; University Hospital of Besançon, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Olivier Adotevi
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Department of Medical Oncology; University Hospital of Besançon, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
| | - Yann Godet
- INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- Université de Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F25020 Besançon cedex; France
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20
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Vujanovic L, Shi J, Kirkwood JM, Storkus WJ, Butterfield LH. Molecular mimicry of MAGE-A6 and Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 epitopes in the induction of antitumor CD8 + T-cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e954501. [PMID: 25960935 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.954501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising vaccine strategy for the treatment of cancer involves the use of vaccines incorporating tumor antigen-derived synthetic peptides that can be coordinately recognized by specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Previously, we reported that a MAGE-A6-derived peptide (MAGE-A6172-187) and its highly-immunogenic and cross-reactive homolog derived from Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 permease (HF-2216-229) are promiscuously presented by multiple HLA-DR alleles to responder CD4+ T-cells obtained from healthy donors and melanoma patients. Here, we investigated whether these same peptides could concomitantly stimulate cross-reactive MAGE-A6-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro using cells isolated from HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2)+ healthy individuals and patients with melanoma. We now show that MAGE-A6172-187 and, even more so, HF-2216-229, induce memory CD8+ T cells that recognize HLA-A2+ MAGE-A6+ tumor target cells. The immunogenicity of these peptides was at least partially attributed to their embedded MAGE-A6176-185 and HF-2220-229 "homologous" sequences. The functional avidity of HF-2216-229 peptide-primed CD8+ T cells for the MAGE-A6172-187 peptide was more than 100-fold greater than that of CD8+ T cells primed with the corresponding MAGE-A6 peptide. Additionally, these 2 peptides were recognized in interferon γ (IFNγ) and granzyme B ELISPOT assays by CD8+ T-cell clones displaying variable T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ usage. These data suggest that the immune cross-reactivity of the MAGE-A6172-187 and HF-2216-229 peptides extends to CD8+ T cells, at least in HLA-A2+ donors, and supports the potential translational utility of these epitopes in clinical vaccine formulations and for immunomonitoring of cancer patients.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- AdV, recombinant adenoviral vector
- CD8+ T-cell
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HD, healthy donor
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IVS, in vitro stimulation
- MACS, Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting
- MAGE-A6
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- Mycoplasma penetrans
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PFU, plaque forming units
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TCM, T cell media
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- epitope mimic
- iDC, immature dendritic cells
- mDC, mature dendritic cells
- melanoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Vujanovic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jian Shi
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Immunology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Dermatology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Immunology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Surgery ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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21
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High expression of MAGE-A9 correlates with unfavorable survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6625. [PMID: 25315972 PMCID: PMC4197415 DOI: 10.1038/srep06625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigens (MAGE)-A9 has been reported to play important roles in the development of human cancers. However, the association between MAGE-A9 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The study was to detect the expression of MAGE-A9 in human HCC and investigate the association between its expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), one-step quantitative -PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed to characterize the expression of MAGE-A9 in HCC cell lines and tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate the prognosis of 100 HCC patients. The results showed that the expression of MAGE-A9 in HCC was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous cells and tissues. Moreover, the expression level of the MAGE-A9 protein in HCC was related to the pathological grade (p = 0.003), portal vein invasion (p = 0.001), distant metastasis (p = 0.022) and TNM stage (p = 0.005). Cox regression analysis further revealed that MAGE-A9 expression is an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.006) and overall survival (p = 0.022). These data are the first to indicate that MAGE-A9 expression is a valuable prognostic biomarker for HCC and that high MAGE-A9 expression suggests unfavorable survival outcomes in HCC patients.
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22
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Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26621. [PMID: 24498550 PMCID: PMC3902120 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the past 3 decades, along with the recognition that the immune system not only influences oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also determines how established neoplastic lesions respond therapy, renovated enthusiasm has gathered around the possibility of using vaccines as anticancer agents. Such an enthusiasm quickly tempered when it became clear that anticancer vaccines would have to be devised as therapeutic, rather than prophylactic, measures, and that malignant cells often fail to elicit (or actively suppress) innate and adaptive immune responses. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of anticancer vaccines, including cell-based, DNA-based, and purified component-based preparations, are capable of circumventing the poorly immunogenic and highly immunosuppressive nature of most tumors and elicit (at least under some circumstances) therapeutically relevant immune responses. Great efforts are currently being devoted to the identification of strategies that may provide anticancer vaccines with the capacity of breaking immunological tolerance and eliciting tumor-associated antigen-specific immunity in a majority of patients. In this sense, promising results have been obtained by combining anticancer vaccines with a relatively varied panels of adjuvants, including multiple immunostimulatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor agonists as well as inhibitors of immune checkpoints. One year ago, in the December issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the biological mechanisms that underlie the antineoplastic effects of peptide-based vaccines and presented an abundant literature demonstrating the prominent clinical potential of such an approach. Here, we review the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on high-profile studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to evaluate purified peptides or full-length proteins as therapeutic anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Jerome Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 15, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U970; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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23
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Mengus C, Schultz-Thater E, Coulot J, Kastelan Z, Goluza E, Coric M, Spagnoli GC, Hudolin T. MAGE-A10 cancer/testis antigen is highly expressed in high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2459-63. [PMID: 23125074 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common urinary malignancy and a prevalent cause of cancer-related death. Current therapies of early stage non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are frequently associated with undesirable toxicities and recurrence. Active antigen-specific immunotherapy may provide a valid therapeutic option for patients with NMIBC. Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) expressed in various tumour types and in a limited range of healthy tissues may represent potential targets for specific immunotherapy. MAGE-A10 is probably the most immunogenic antigen of the MAGE-A family. We evaluated the expression of MAGE-A10 in NMIBC. Seventy-nine patients undergoing surgical treatment for NMIBC were enrolled in the study. MAGE-A10 gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. MAGE-A10 gene was specifically expressed in one-third of NMIBC (n = 24: 32.43%). Gene expression was correlated with high tumour grade. MAGE-A10 protein was exclusively detectable in nuclei of tumour cells. More importantly, MAGE-A10 protein was also more frequently detectable in high-grade tumours (p = 0.0001) and in stage T1 tumours invading subepithelial tissue or lamina propria (p = 0.01). A strong correlation between MAGE-A10 staining score and tumour grade and stage could accordingly be observed. These data indicate that MAGE-A10 expression is a feature of aggressive NMIBC and might be used as a novel target for specific immunotherapy of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Mengus
- ICFS, Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Kim KM, Song MH, Kim MJ, Daudi S, Miliotto A, Old L, Odunsi K, Lee SY. A novel cancer/testis antigen KP-OVA-52 identified by SEREX in human ovarian cancer is regulated by DNA methylation. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1139-47. [PMID: 22684412 PMCID: PMC4144267 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SEREX has proven to be a powerful method that takes advantage of the presence of spontaneous humoral immune response in some cancer patients. In this study, immunoscreening of normal testis and two ovarian cancer cell line cDNA expression libraries with sera from ovarian cancer patients led to the isolation of 75 independent antigens, designated KP-OVA-1 through KP-OVA-75. Of these, RT-PCR showed KP-OVA-52 to be expressed strongly in normal testis, in ovarian cancer cell lines (3/9) and in ovarian cancer tissues (1/17). The expression of KP-OVA-52 in cancer cells is also induced by the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (ADC). To test immunogenicity, we used the Serum Antibody Detection Assay (SADA) to analyze anti-IgG antibodies against the 75 antigens that were initially isolated by SEREX. Four of the 75 antigens (KP-OVA-25, KP-OVA-35, KP-OVA-68 and KP-OVA-73) reacted exclusively with sera from cancer patients. However, KP-OVA-52 reacted with 1 of 20 ovarian cancer sera. These data suggest that the KP-OVA-52 can be considered a novel CT antigen that is regulated by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Mi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
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25
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Shirakura Y, Mizuno Y, Wang L, Imai N, Amaike C, Sato E, Ito M, Nukaya I, Mineno J, Takesako K, Ikeda H, Shiku H. T-cell receptor gene therapy targeting melanoma-associated antigen-A4 inhibits human tumor growth in non-obese diabetic/SCID/γcnull mice. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:17-25. [PMID: 21951605 PMCID: PMC11164177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with lymphocytes that have been genetically engineered to express tumor-reactive T-cell receptors (TCR) is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. We have been exploring the development of TCR gene therapy targeting cancer/testis antigens, including melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family antigens, that are ideal targets for adoptive T-cell therapy. The efficacy of TCR gene therapy targeting MAGE family antigens, however, has not yet been evaluated in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the in vivo antitumor activity in immunodeficient non-obese diabetic/SCID/γc(null) (NOG) mice of human lymphocytes genetically engineered to express TCR specific for the MAGE-A4 antigen. Polyclonal T cells derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were transduced with the αβ TCR genes specific for MAGE-A4, then adoptively transferred into NOG mice inoculated with MAGE-A4 expressing human tumor cell lines. The transferred T cells maintained their effector function in vivo, infiltrated into tumors, and inhibited tumor growth in an antigen-specific manner. The combination of adoptive cell therapy with antigen peptide vaccination enhanced antitumor activity, with improved multifunctionality of the transferred cells. These data suggest that TCR gene therapy with MAGE-A4-specific TCR is a promising strategy to treat patients with MAGE-A4-expressing tumors; in addition, the acquisition of multifunctionality in vivo is an important factor to predict the quality of the T-cell response during adoptive therapy with human lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Esophageal Neoplasms/immunology
- Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors/therapeutic use
- HLA-A Antigens/genetics
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Retroviridae
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Shirakura
- Department of Cancer Vaccine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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26
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Wu ZY, Gao YF, Wu YH, Liu W, Sun M, Zhai MX, Qi YM, Ye Y. Identification of a Novel CD8+ T Cell Epitope Derived from Cancer-Testis Antigen MAGE-4 in Oesophageal Carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:561-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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MAGE-A family: attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccine 2011; 29:8496-500. [PMID: 21933694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The melonoma-associated antigens family A (MAGE-A) belongs to cancer/testis antigens (CTA) that are expressed in a wide variety of malignant tumors but not in normal adult tissues except for testis. Interestingly, germ cells do not express MHC class I antigen, implying that these gene products should be ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. The strict tumor-specific expression of MAGE-As has led to several immunotherapeutic trials targeting some of these proteins. In this review, we briefly described the expression and activation mechanism of MAGE-As in cancer. We also summarized the biological functions of MAGE-As in cell progress and the progress of the cancer immunotherapy targeting MAGE-A family.
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28
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Urgard E, Vooder T, Võsa U, Välk K, Liu M, Luo C, Hoti F, Roosipuu R, Annilo T, Laine J, Frenz CM, Zhang L, Metspalu A. Metagenes associated with survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Inform 2011; 10:175-83. [PMID: 21695068 PMCID: PMC3118451 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s7135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) comprises about 80% of all lung cancer cases worldwide. Surgery is most effective treatment for patients with early-stage disease. However, 30%-55% of these patients develop recurrence within 5 years. Therefore, markers that can be used to accurately classify early-stage NSCLC patients into different prognostic groups may be helpful in selecting patients who should receive specific therapies.A previously published dataset was used to evaluate gene expression profiles of different NSCLC subtypes. A moderated two-sample t-test was used to identify differentially expressed genes between all tumor samples and cancer-free control tissue, between SCC samples and AC/BC samples and between stage I tumor samples and all other tumor samples. Gene expression microarray measurements were validated using qRT-PCR.Bayesian regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to determine metagenes associated with survival. We identified 599 genes which were down-regulated and 402 genes which were up-regulated in NSCLC compared to the normal lung tissue and 112 genes which were up-regulated and 101 genes which were down-regulated in AC/BC compared to the SCC. Further, for stage Ib patients the metagenes potentially associated with survival were identified.Genes that expressed differently between normal lung tissue and cancer showed enrichment in gene ontology terms which were associated with mitosis and proliferation. Bayesian regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that gene-expression patterns and metagene profiles can be applied to predict the probability of different survival outcomes in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Urgard
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Vooder
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristjan Välk
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech., 2202 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fabian Hoti
- Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Otakaari 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Retlav Roosipuu
- Department of Pathology, Tartu University Hospital, 1a L. Puusepa, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tarmo Annilo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jukka Laine
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Christopher M. Frenz
- Department of Computer Engineering Technology, New York City College of Tech., 300 Jay St. Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech., 2202 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 61b Tiigi, 50410 Tartu, Estonia
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29
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Yin B, Liu G, Wang XS, Zhang H, Song YS, Wu B. Expression profile of cancer-testis genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Oncol 2011; 30:886-92. [PMID: 21396841 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the expression profile of multiple cancer testis (CT) genes in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCC), and investigate its possible correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS The mRNA expression of 6 CT genes was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 102 TCC samples (59 Ta-T1, 43 T2-T4, 44 G1, 32 G2, and 26 G3 samples) as well as the matching adjacent normal bladder mucosa for each sample. The MAGE-A3 protein expression was also determined by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed in selected samples to confirm the MAGE-A3 protein expression. RESULTS The mRNA expression of all 6 CT genes was detected with relatively high frequencies in TCC tissues. The percent of samples positive for each gene in the TCC samples are: MAGE-A3, 58.8%; MAGE-A1, 56.9%; cTAGE-1, 52.9%; MAGE-A12, 51%; cTAGE-2, 49%; and NY-ESO-1, 45.1%. Furthermore, MAGE-A3 protein expression was positive in 52.9% of TCC tissues by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry showed an exclusively cytoplasmic staining pattern of MAGE-A3 protein. Neither CT gene mRNA expression nor MAGE-A3 protein expression was found in the adjacent normal tissue. There was no significant correlation between CT gene expression and clinicopathologic characteristics (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS All six CT genes are highly expressed in TCC, and may serve as therapeutic targets of specific immunotherapy for TCC, especially in multi-antigen vaccine preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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30
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Schultz-Thater E, Piscuoglio S, Iezzi G, Le Magnen C, Zajac P, Carafa V, Terracciano L, Tornillo L, Spagnoli GC. MAGE-A10 is a nuclear protein frequently expressed in high percentages of tumor cells in lung, skin and urothelial malignancies. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1137-48. [PMID: 21710496 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MAGE-A10 is a highly immunogenic member of the MAGE-A family of cancer/testis tumor-associated antigens (C/T TAAs). Studies performed with broadly reactive antibodies have helped to initially characterize this TAA. However, no specific reagents have been developed so far, thus preventing a thorough analysis of its expression in healthy and tumoral tissues. We have produced MAGE-A10 gene product in soluble recombinant form, and we have used it to generate specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). One of these reagents, recognizing an epitope located at the COOH terminus of the MAGE-A10 gene product, was used to stain a multitumor tissue microarray comprising more than 2,500 paraffin-embedded specimens including healthy tissues, benign tumors and malignancies of different histological origin. MAGE-A10 protein was identified as an intranuclear protein of an apparent molecular weight of 70 kDa, expressed in normal spermatogonia and spermatocytes but in no other healthy tissue. Most importantly, this C/T TAA appears to be expressed in high (>50%) percentages of cancer cells from a number of malignancies, including lung, skin and urothelial tumors. Unexpectedly, high expression of MAGE-A10 TAA at the protein level was also detectable in gynecological malignancies and stomach and gall bladder cancers. The characterization of MAGE-A10-specific reagents might set the stage for the development of targeted active immunotherapy by clarifying potential indications and by allowing the selection of patients eligible for treatment and the monitoring of its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Schultz-Thater
- Institute for Surgical Research and Hospital Management and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Identification of novel helper epitopes of MAGE-A4 tumour antigen: useful tool for the propagation of Th1 cells. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1135-43. [PMID: 19277034 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGE-A4 has been considered as an attractive cancer-testis (CT) antigen for tumour immunotherapy. It has been well accepted that T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-dominant immunity is critical for the successful induction of antitumour immunity in a tumour-bearing host. The adoptive Th1 cell therapy has been shown to be an attractive strategy for inducing tumour eradication in mouse systems. However, Th1-cell therapy using human tumour-specific Th1 cells, which were expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a clinically useful protocol, has never been performed. Here, we first identified MAGE-A4-derived promiscuous helper epitope, peptide (MAGE-A4 280-299), bound to both HLA-DPB1(*)0501 and DRB1(*)1403. Using the peptide, we established a suitable protocol for the propagation of MAGE-A4-specific Th1 cells in vitro. Culture of CD4(+) T cells with IFN-gamma-treated PBMC-derived adherent cells in the presence of helper epitope peptide resulted in a great expansion of MAGE-A4-reactive Th cells producing IFN-gamma , but not IL-4. Moreover, it was shown that ligation of MAGE-A4-reactive Th1 cells with the cognate peptide caused the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Thus, our identified MAGE-A4 helper epitope peptide will become a good tool for the propagation of tumour-specific Th1 cells applicable to adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer.
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32
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Novel therapeutic strategies for treating esophageal adenocarcinoma: The potential of dendritic cell immunotherapy and combinatorial regimens. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:614-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Breton J, Gage MC, Hay AW, Keen JN, Wild CP, Donnellan C, Findlay JBC, Hardie LJ. Proteomic screening of a cell line model of esophageal carcinogenesis identifies cathepsin D and aldo-keto reductase 1C2 and 1B10 dysregulation in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1953-62. [PMID: 18396902 DOI: 10.1021/pr7007835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) incidence is increasing rapidly and is associated with a poor prognosis. Identifying biomarkers of disease development and progression would be invaluable tools to inform clinical practice. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to screen 10 esophageal cell lines representing distinct stages in the development of esophageal cancer. Thirty-three proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS which demonstrated differences in expression across the cell lines. Western blotting and qRT-PCR confirmed increased cathepsin D and aldo-keto reductases 1C2 and 1B10 expression in metaplastic and dysplastic cell lines. Expression of these proteins was further assessed in esophageal epithelium from patients with nonerosive (NERD) and erosive gastro-esophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus (BE) and EA. When compared with normal epithelium of NERD patients, (i) cathepsin D mRNA levels demonstrated a stepwise increase in expression (p<0.05) in erosive, metaplastic and EA tissue; (ii) AKR1B10 expression increased (p<0.05) 3- and 9-fold in erosive and Barrett's epithelium, respectively; and (iii) AKR1C2 levels increased (p<0.05) in erosive and Barrett's epithelium, but were reduced (p<0.05) in EA. These proteins may contribute to disease development via effects on apoptosis, transport of bile acids and retinoid metabolism and should be considered as candidates for further mechanistic and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Breton
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, Clarendon Way, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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34
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Vujanovic L, Mandic M, Olson WC, Kirkwood JM, Storkus WJ. A mycoplasma peptide elicits heteroclitic CD4+ T cell responses against tumor antigen MAGE-A6. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6796-806. [PMID: 18006782 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although T-helper (Th) epitopes have been previously reported for many tumor antigens, including MAGE-A6, the relevant HLA-DR alleles that present these peptides are expressed by only a minority of patients. The identification of tumor antigenic epitopes presented promiscuously by many HLA-DR alleles would extend the clinical utility of these peptides in vaccines and for the immunomonitoring of cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A neural network algorithm and in vitro sensitization assays were employed to screen candidate peptides for their immunogenicity. RESULTS The MAGE-A6(140-170), MAGE-A6(172-187), and MAGE-A6(280-302) epitopes were recognized by CD4+ T cells isolated from the majority of normal donors and melanoma patients evaluated. Peptide-specific CD4+ T cells also recognized autologous antigen-presenting cell pulsed with recombinant MAGE-A6 (rMAGE) protein, supporting the natural processing and MHC presentation of these epitopes. Given the strong primary in vitro sensitization of normal donor CD4+ T cells by the MAGEA6(172-187) epitope, suggestive of potential cross-reactivity against an environmental stimulus, we identified a highly homologous peptide within the Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 permease (MPHF2) protein. MPHF2 peptide-primed CD4+ T cells cross-reacted against autologous APC pulsed with the MAGE-A6(172-187) peptide or rMAGE protein and recognized HLA-matched MAGE-A6+ melanoma cell lines. These responses seemed heteroclitic in nature because the functional avidity of MPHF2 peptide-primed CD4+ T cells for the MAGE-A6(172-187) peptide was approximately 1,000 times greater than that of CD4+ T cells primed with the corresponding MAGE-A6 peptide. CONCLUSIONS We believe that these novel "promiscuous" MAGE-A6/MPHF2 Th epitopes may prove clinically useful in the treatment and/or monitoring of a high proportion of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Vujanovic
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Picard V, Bergeron A, Larue H, Fradet Y. MAGE-A9 mRNA and protein expression in bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2170-7. [PMID: 17290406 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a previous analysis, we showed that MAGE-As were the most frequently expressed cancer-testis antigens in human bladder tumours. Here, we further characterized by RT-PCR the expression of this family of genes by analyzing specifically MAGE-A3, -A4, -A8 and -A9 mRNAs in 46 bladder tumours and 10 normal urothelia. We found that they were expressed in 30, 33, 56 and 54% of tumours, respectively. Although MAGE-A8 was the most frequent, its expression was low and was also found in most normal urothelia. The other MAGE-A mRNAs were all tumour-specific but MAGE-A9 mRNA was expressed at a higher level and was two times more frequent in superficial than in invasive tumours. To study the expression of the protein, we produced 2 MAGE-A9-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) presenting no cross-reactivity with other MAGE-A proteins. MAb 14A11, was used to analyse the expression of the antigen in testis and tumour samples by immunohistochemistry. In testis, MAGE-A9 expression was restricted to primary spermatocytes. Most bladder tumours that expressed the MAGE-A9 transcript were positive with mAb 14A11. Staining was heterogeneous but half of the tumours showed over 75% positive cells. Finally, we showed that treatment of bladder cancer cells with the methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitors MS-275 and 4-phenylbutyrate could strongly induce the expression of MAGE-A9. These results show that MAGE-A9 is frequently expressed in superficial bladder cancer and could be a relevant target for immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy because its expression can be induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Picard
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Davis ID, Chen Q, Morris L, Quirk J, Stanley M, Tavarnesi ML, Parente P, Cavicchiolo T, Hopkins W, Jackson H, Dimopoulos N, Tai TY, MacGregor D, Browning J, Svobodova S, Caron D, Maraskovsky E, Old LJ, Chen W, Cebon J. Blood Dendritic Cells Generated With Flt3 Ligand and CD40 Ligand Prime CD8+ T Cells Efficiently in Cancer Patients. J Immunother 2006; 29:499-511. [PMID: 16971806 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000211299.29632.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flt3 ligand mobilizes dendritic cells (DCs) into blood, allowing generation in vivo of large numbers of DCs for immunotherapy. These immature DCs can be rapidly activated by soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L). We developed a novel overnight method using these cytokines to produce DCs for cancer immunotherapy. Flt3 ligand-mobilized DCs (FLDCs) were isolated, activated with CD40L, loaded with antigenic peptides from influenza matrix protein, hepatitis B core antigen, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4, and MAGE-A10, and injected into patients with resected melanoma. Three injections were given at 4-week intervals. Study end points included antigen-specific immune responses (skin reactions to peptides alone or peptide-pulsed FLDCs; circulating T-cell responses), safety, and toxicity. No patient had a measurable tumor. Six patients were entered. FLDCs were obtained, enriched, and cultured under Good Manufacturing Practice grade conditions. Overnight culture with soluble CD40L caused marked up-regulation of activation markers (CD83 and HLA-DR). These FLDCs were functional and able to stimulate antigen-specific T cells in vitro. No significant adverse events were attributable to FLDCs. Peptide-pulsed FLDCs caused strong local skin reactions up to 60 mm diameter with intense perivascular infiltration of T cells, exceeding those seen in our previous peptide-based protocols. Antigen-specific blood T-cell responses were induced, including responses to an antigen for which the patients were naive (hepatitis B core antigen) and MAGE-A10. MAGE-A10-specific T cells with a skewed T-cell receptor repertoire were detected in 1 patient in blood ex vivo and from tumor biopsies. Vaccination with FLDCs pulsed with peptides is safe and primes immune responses to cancer antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Davis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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Yang F, Chen IH, Xiong Z, Yan Y, Wang H, Yang XF. Model of stimulation-responsive splicing and strategies in identification of immunogenic isoforms of tumor antigens and autoantigens. Clin Immunol 2006; 121:121-33. [PMID: 16890493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently proposed a novel model of stimulation-responsive splicing for the selection of autoantigens and self-tumor antigens. Our model theorizes that the significantly higher rates of alternative splicing of autoantigen and self-tumor antigen transcripts that occur in response to stimuli could induce extra-thymic expression of untolerized antigen epitopes for elicitation of autoimmune and anti-tumor responses. To facilitate the identification of immunogenic isoforms of antigens, we have developed strategies using improved SEREX in conjunction with database-mining and immunogenic isoform mapping. Identification of immunogenic isoforms of autoantigens and self-tumor antigens is very important for the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostic tools for autoimmune diseases and tumors, such as: (1) autoantigen isoform microarrays for disease diagnosis and prognosis; (2) autoantigen isoform-specific tolerizing vaccines and splicing-redirection therapies, as well as (3) immunogenic antigen isoform-specific immunotherapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Medical Research Building, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Kim J, Reber HA, Hines OJ, Kazanjian KK, Tran A, Ye X, Amersi FF, Martinez SR, Dry SM, Bilchik AJ, Hoon DSB. The clinical significance of MAGEA3 expression in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:2269-75. [PMID: 16331618 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The MAGEA gene family that encodes cancer testis antigens is differentially expressed in many cancers. Though MAGEA3 expression has been detected in gastrointestinal malignancies, its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been well established. We assessed 57 patients who underwent intent-to-cure surgery for PDAC. Total RNA from paraffin-embedded pancreatic tumors was extracted and assessed for MAGEA3 gene expression by an optimized probe-based quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT) assay. MAGEA3 gene expression was detected by qRT in 25 (44%) patients. For the entire cohort, detection of MAGEA3 expression was associated with significantly decreased overall survival (median, 16 vs 33 months; log-rank, p = 0.032). When clinicopathologic factors, including age, gender, stage, tumor extent, lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion were assessed by univariate analysis, MAGEA3 gene expression and tumor grade were significant prognostic factors for poor survival (HR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0-4.4, p = 0.041; and HR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.8-7.6, p = 0.0004, respectively). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed and confirmed MAGEA3 protein in PDAC specimens. In conclusion, MAGEA3 is differentially expressed in patients with PDAC; its expression correlates with significantly worse survival. Molecular assessment for MAGEA3 should be considered to improve prognostic evaluation and to identify eligible patients for potential immune-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kim
- Gastrointestinal Research Section, Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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Miller CT, Lin L, Casper AM, Lim J, Thomas DG, Orringer MB, Chang AC, Chambers AF, Giordano TJ, Glover TW, Beer DG. Genomic amplification of MET with boundaries within fragile site FRA7G and upregulation of MET pathways in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2006; 25:409-18. [PMID: 16186806 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) is characterized by a poor prognosis making the identification of clinically targetable proteins essential for improving patient outcome. We report the involvement of multiple alterations of the MET pathway in EA development and progression. Microarray analysis of Barrett's metaplasia, dysplasia, and EA revealed overexpression of the MET oncogene in EAs but only those with MET gene amplification. STS-amplification mapping revealed that the boundary of the MET amplicon in these EAs is defined by fragile site FRA7G. We also identified an amplicon at 11p13 that resulted in amplification and overexpression of CD44, a gene involved in MET autophosphorylation upon HGF stimulation. Tissue microarrays with phospho-MET-specific antibodies demonstrated a uniformly high abundance of MET activation in primary EA and cells metastatic to lymph nodes but to a lesser extent in a subset of metaplastic and dysplastic Barrett's samples. Increased expression of multiple genes in the MET pathway associated with invasive growth, for example, many MMPs and osteopontin, also was found in EAs. Treatment of EA-derived cell lines with geldanamycin, an inhibitor for tyrosine kinases including MET receptor kinase, reduced cell migration and induced EA cell apoptosis. The data indicate that upregulation of the MET pathway may contribute to the poor outcome of EA patients and that therapeutic agents targeting this pathway may help improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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