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Li C, Wen L, Dong J, Li L, Huang J, Yang J, Liang T, Li T, Xia Z, Chen C. Alterations in cellular metabolisms after TKI therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia in children: A review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1072806. [PMID: 36561525 PMCID: PMC9766352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are lower but more aggressive in children than in adults due to different biological and host factors. After the clinical application of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) blocking BCR/ABL kinase activity, the prognosis of children with CML and Ph+ ALL has improved dramatically. Yet, off-target effects and drug tolerance will occur during the TKI treatments, contributing to treatment failure. In addition, compared to adults, children may need a longer course of TKIs therapy, causing detrimental effects on growth and development. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that drug resistance and side effects during TKI treatment may result from the cellular metabolism alterations. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the current knowledge on alterations in metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other metabolic processes. In order to obtain better TKI treatment outcomes and avoid side effects, it is essential to understand how the TKIs affect cellular metabolism. Hence, we also discuss the relevance of cellular metabolism in TKIs therapy to provide ideas for better use of TKIs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmou Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Luping Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lindi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Chun Chen,
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Nakamura Y, Itoh Y, Wakimoto N. Improvement of immune thrombocytopenia with imatinib therapy following chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2022; 117:613-617. [PMID: 36374396 PMCID: PMC9661458 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are rarely observed concurrently. Here we report the case of a patient with ITP who developed CML that has been well controlled with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. A 55-year-old man was diagnosed with ITP. No cytogenetic abnormalities were found at the time of initial diagnosis. Four years later, he began corticosteroid therapy for progression of thrombocytopenia. At that time, the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome was observed in 7 of 20 bone marrow (BM) cells, suggesting concurrent CML in the subclinical stage. Prednisolone resulted in a partial response. Seven months after starting prednisolone, he exhibited hematological features of CML with an increase in Ph-positive cells. TKI therapy with imatinib mesylate was started to treat CML and maintained at a daily dose of 400 mg. The patient achieved and sustained a major molecular response. His platelet count also increased, enabling discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy. TKIs have been reported to show various immunological off-target effects. In this case, off-target effects of TKI might have improved ITP by suppressing the autoimmune response. Alternatively, reconstitution of immune systems by Ph-negative cells or cancellation of immunoreaction against CML could have exerted favorable effects on ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Itoh
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495 Japan
| | - Naoki Wakimoto
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495 Japan
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3
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Nejat R, Sadr AS. Are losartan and imatinib effective against SARS-CoV2 pathogenesis? A pathophysiologic-based in silico study. In Silico Pharmacol 2020; 9:1. [PMID: 33294307 PMCID: PMC7716628 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-00058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proposing a theory about the pathophysiology of cytokine storm in COVID19, we were to find the potential drugs to treat this disease and to find any effect of these drugs on the virus infectivity through an in silico study. COVID-19-induced ARDS is linked to a cytokine storm phenomenon not explainable solely by the virus infectivity. Knowing that ACE2, the hydrolyzing enzyme of AngII and SARS-CoV2 receptor, downregulates when the virus enters the host cells, we hypothesize that hyperacute AngII upregulation is the eliciting factor of this ARDS. We were to validate this theory through reviewing previous studies to figure out the role of overzealous activation of AT1R in ARDS. According to this theory losartan may attenuate ARDS in this disease. Imatinib, has previously been elucidated to be promising in modulating lung inflammatory reactions and virus infectivity in SARS and MERS. We did an in silico study to uncover any probable other unconsidered inhibitory effects of losartan and imatinib against SARS-CoV2 pathogenesis. Reviewing the literature, we could find that over-activation of AT1R could explain precisely the mechanism of cytokine storm in COVID19. Our in silico study revealed that losartan and imatinib could probably: (1) decline SARS-CoV2 affinity to ACE2. (2) inhibit the main protease and furin, (3) disturb papain-like protease and p38MAPK functions. Our reviewing on renin-angiotensin system showed that overzealous activation of AT1R by hyper-acute excess of AngII due to acute downregulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV2 explains precisely the mechanism of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Besides, based on our in silico study we concluded that losartan and imatinib are promising in COVID19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nejat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shahir Sadr
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Cheragh Medical Institute and Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
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4
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Ha Y, Mohamed Ali MA, Petersen MM, Harmsen WS, Therneau TM, Lee HC, Ryoo BY, Bampoh S, Valles KA, Mady M, Missula VR, Prasai K, Roberts LR, Kim KM. Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio-based nomogram for predicting outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib. Hepatol Int 2020; 14:776-787. [PMID: 32740886 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of the pretreatment lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) to predict outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib is not conclusively determined. METHODS We retrospectively studied patients treated with sorafenib for HCC in two tertiary referral centres in Asia and North America. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Predictive factors for the outcomes were determined by Cox proportional hazards models. A risk assessment tool was developed. RESULTS Compared to the North America cohort, the Asia cohort was more heavily pretreated (72.1% vs. 35.2%; p < 0.001), had higher hepatitis B virus infection (87.6% vs. 5.6%; p < 0.001), and more distant metastases (83.2% vs. 25.4%; p < 0.001). Lower monocyte count in the Asia cohort (median 462.7 vs. 600.0/μL; p = 0.023) resulted in a higher LMR (median 2.6 vs. 1.8; p < 0.001). High LMR was associated with a significantly higher OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81‒0.97; p = 0.007]. This was confirmed in a sensitivity analysis including patients treated in Asia only (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81‒0.97; p = 0.010). An OS nomogram was constructed with the following variables selected in the multivariate Cox model: LMR, treatment location, previous treatment, performance status, alpha-fetoprotein, lymph node metastasis, and Child‒Pugh score. The concordance score was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67‒0.75). LMR did not predict PFS. CONCLUSION LMR measured before sorafenib administration predicts OS in advanced HCC patients. Our OS nomogram, incorporating LMR, can be offered to clinicians to improve their ability to assess prognosis, strengthen the prognosis-based decision-making, and inform patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjung Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea
| | - Mohamed A Mohamed Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Molly M Petersen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Health Sciences Research, 205 Third Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - William S Harmsen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Health Sciences Research, 205 Third Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Terry M Therneau
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Health Sciences Research, 205 Third Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Sally Bampoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kenneth A Valles
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mohamad Mady
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Venkata R Missula
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kritika Prasai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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5
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Rovatti PE, Gambacorta V, Lorentino F, Ciceri F, Vago L. Mechanisms of Leukemia Immune Evasion and Their Role in Relapse After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32158444 PMCID: PMC7052328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development of multiple strategies to allow the safe transfer from the donor to the patient of high numbers of partially HLA-incompatible T cells has dramatically reduced the toxicities of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT), but this was not accompanied by a similar positive impact on the incidence of post-transplantation relapse. In the present review, we will elaborate on how the unique interplay between HLA-mismatched immune system and malignancy that characterizes haplo-HCT may impact relapse biology, shaping the selection of disease variants that are resistant to the “graft-vs.-leukemia” effect. In particular, we will present current knowledge on genomic loss of HLA, a relapse modality first described in haplo-HCT and accounting for a significant proportion of relapses in this setting, and discuss other more recently identified mechanisms of post-transplantation immune evasion and relapse, including the transcriptional downregulation of HLA class II molecules and the enforcement of inhibitory checkpoints between T cells and leukemia. Ultimately, we will review the available treatment options for patients who relapse after haplo-HCT and discuss on how a deeper insight into relapse immunobiology might inform the rational and personalized selection of therapies to improve the largely unsatisfactory clinical outcome of relapsing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Edoardo Rovatti
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambacorta
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Senescence in Stem Cell Aging, Differentiation and Cancer, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorentino
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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6
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Wilson CS, Spaeth JM, Karp J, Stocks BT, Hoopes EM, Stein RW, Moore DJ. B lymphocytes protect islet β cells in diabetes prone NOD mice treated with imatinib. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125317. [PMID: 30964447 PMCID: PMC6538336 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib (Gleevec) reverses type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice and is currently in clinical trials in individuals with recent-onset disease. While research has demonstrated that imatinib protects islet β cells from the harmful effects of ER stress, the role the immune system plays in its reversal of T1D has been less well understood, and specific cellular immune targets have not been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that B lymphocytes, an immune subset that normally drives diabetes pathology, are unexpectedly required for reversal of hyperglycemia in NOD mice treated with imatinib. In the presence of B lymphocytes, reversal was linked to an increase in serum insulin concentration, but not an increase in islet β cell mass or proliferation. However, improved β cell function was reflected by a partial recovery of MafA transcription factor expression, a sensitive marker of islet β cell stress that is important to adult β cell function. Imatinib treatment was found to increase the antioxidant capacity of B lymphocytes, improving reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling in NOD islets. This study reveals a novel mechanism through which imatinib enables B lymphocytes to orchestrate functional recovery of T1D β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason M. Spaeth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jay Karp
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Blair T. Stocks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emilee M. Hoopes
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roland W. Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Dörfel D, Lechner CJ, Joas S, Funk T, Gutknecht M, Salih J, Geiger J, Kropp KN, Maurer S, Müller MR, Kopp HG, Salih HR, Grünebach F, Rittig SM. The BCR-ABL inhibitor nilotinib influences phenotype and function of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:775-783. [PMID: 29468363 PMCID: PMC11028318 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the translocation t(9;22) results in the fusion protein BCR-ABL (breakpoint cluster region-abelson murine leukemia), a tyrosine kinase mediating oncogenic signaling which is successfully targeted by treatment with BCR-ABL inhibitors like imatinib. However, BCR-ABL inhibitors may also affect antitumor immunity. For instance, it was reported that imatinib impairs the function of dendritic cells (DCs) that play a central role in initiating and sustaining T cell responses. Meanwhile, second generation BCR-ABL inhibitors like nilotinib, which inhibits BCR-ABL with enhanced potency have become standard of treatment, at least in patients with BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. In this study we analyzed the influence of therapeutic concentrations of nilotinib on human monocyte-derived DCs and compared its effects to imatinib. We found that both tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) comparably and significantly impaired differentiation of monocytes to DCs as revealed by curtated downregulation of CD14 and reduced upregulation of CD1a and CD83. This was only partially restored after withdrawal of the TKI. Moreover, both TKI significantly reduced activation-induced IL-12p70 and C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 3 secretion, while divergent TKI effects for CCL2 and CCL5 were observed. In contrast, only nilotinib significantly impaired the migratory capacity of DCs and their capacity to induce T-cell immune responses in MLRs. Our results indicate that imatinib and nilotinib may differ significantly with regard to their influence on antitumor immunity. Thus, for future combinatory approaches and particularly stop studies in CML treatment, choice of the most suitable BCR-ABL inhibitor requires careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dörfel
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian J Lechner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Medizin & Markt GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Joas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Funk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Salih
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Geiger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian N Kropp
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin R Müller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Grünebach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne M Rittig
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Liu X, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Wang M. Harness the synergy between targeted therapy and immunotherapy: what have we learned and where are we headed? Oncotarget 2017; 8:86969-86984. [PMID: 29156850 PMCID: PMC5689740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of imatinib for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, several oncogenic mutations have been identified in various malignancies that can serve as targets for therapy. More recently, a deeper insight into the mechanism of antitumor immunity and tumor immunoevasion have facilitated the development of novel immunotherapy agents. Certain targeted agents have the ability of inhibiting tumor growth without causing severe lymphocytopenia and amplifying antitumor immune response by increasing tumor antigenicity, enhancing intratumoral T cell infiltration, and altering the tumor immune microenvironment, which provides a rationale for combining targeted therapy with immunotherapy. Targeted therapy can elicit dramatic responses in selected patients by interfering with the tumor-intrinsic driver mutations. But in most cases, resistance will occur over a relatively short period of time. In contrast, immunotherapy can yield durable, albeit generally mild, responses in several tumor types via unleashing host antitumor immunity. Thus, combination approaches might be able to induce a rapid tumor regression and a prolonged duration of response. We examine the available evidence regarding immune effects of targeted therapy, and review preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, we discuss challenges of the combined therapy and highlight the need for continued translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Duarte S, Pereira SC, Rodrigues É, Pereira A. Concomitant chronic myeloid leukemia and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis - a very rare condition. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2017; 39:167-169. [PMID: 28577655 PMCID: PMC5457473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Duarte
- Internal Medicine Service, District Hospital of Figueira da Foz, EPE, Figueira da Foz, Portugal; Clinical Hematology Department, University Hospital Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Campelo Pereira
- Internal Medicine Service, District Hospital of Figueira da Foz, EPE, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Élio Rodrigues
- Internal Medicine Service, District Hospital of Figueira da Foz, EPE, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Amélia Pereira
- Internal Medicine Service, District Hospital of Figueira da Foz, EPE, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
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10
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Imatinib ameliorates bronchiolitis obliterans via inhibition of fibrocyte migration and differentiation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:138-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Collina S, Bignardi E, Rui M, Rossi D, Gaggeri R, Zamagni A, Cortesi M, Tesei A. Are sigma modulators an effective opportunity for cancer treatment? A patent overview (1996-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:565-578. [PMID: 28051882 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1276569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although several molecular targets against cancer have been identified, there is a continuous need for new therapeutic strategies. Sigma Receptors (SRs) overexpression has been recently associated with different cancer conditions. Therefore, novel anticancer agents targeting SRs may increase the specificity of therapies, overcoming some of the common drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy. Areas covered: The present review focuses on patent documents disclosing SR modulators with possible application in cancer therapy and diagnosis. The analysis reviews patents of the last two decades (1996-2016); patents were grouped according to target subtypes (S1R, S2R, pan-SRs) and relevant Applicants. The literature was searched through Espacenet, ISI Web, PatentScope and PubMed databases. Expert opinion: The number of patents related to SRs and cancer has increased in the last twenty years, confirming the importance of this receptor family as valuable target against neoplasias. Despite their short history in the cancer scenario, many SR modulators are at pre-clinical stage and one is undergoing a phase II clinical trial. SRs ligands may represent a powerful source of innovative antitumor therapeutics. Further investigation is needed for validating SR modulators as anti-cancer drugs. We strongly hope that this review could stimulate the interest of both Academia and pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Collina
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Emanuele Bignardi
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Raffaella Gaggeri
- b Pharmacy Unit , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- c Biosciences Laboratory , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- c Biosciences Laboratory , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- d MBiochem, Biosciences Laboratory , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
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Von Laffert M, Hänel M, Dietel M, Anagnostopoulos I, Jöhrens K. Increase of T and B cells and altered BACH2 expression patterns in bone marrow trephines of imatinib-treated patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2421-2428. [PMID: 27698808 PMCID: PMC5038374 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of imatinib on T and B cells in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is not well understood. An upregulation of the transcription factor Broad-complex-Tramtrack-Bric-a-Brac and Cap‘n’collar 1 bZip transcription factor 2 (BACH2), which is involved in the development and differentiation of B cells, was demonstrated in a CML cell line treated with imatinib. The present study retrospectively analysed the expression and distribution of cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD20 and BACH2 (per 1,000 cells), as well as the co-expression of CD20 and BACH2, using immunohistochemistry in serial bone marrow trephines obtained from 14 CML patients treated with imatinib in comparison to 17 patients with newly diagnosed CML and 6 control trephines. Bone marrow trephines of CML patients in remission under imatinib therapy exhibited significantly higher numbers of CD3 and CD20 infiltrates (partly ordered in aggregates) compared with patients with newly diagnosed CML and control individuals. Similarly, nuclear expression of BACH2 in granulopoietic cells was increased in CML patients treated with imatinib, which may represent the histological correlate of the positive treatment effect. Furthermore, since BACH2 is involved in B cell development, its altered expression patterns by imatinib may be one explanation for high B cell numbers, as revealed by CD20/BACH2 (nuclear)-positive cells. As the present data are preliminary, future prospective studies are required to assess the prognostic and predictive role of BACH2 in patients with CML under targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, D-09113 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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14
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15
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Lee G, Bae H. Bee Venom Phospholipase A2: Yesterday's Enemy Becomes Today's Friend. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:48. [PMID: 26907347 PMCID: PMC4773801 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee venom therapy has been used to treat immune-related diseases such as arthritis for a long time. Recently, it has revealed that group III secretory phospholipase A2 from bee venom (bee venom group III sPLA2) has in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects. A growing number of reports have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of bee venom group III sPLA2. Notably, new experimental data have shown protective immune responses of bee venom group III sPLA2 against a wide range of diseases including asthma, Parkinson’s disease, and drug-induced organ inflammation. It is critical to evaluate the beneficial and adverse effects of bee venom group III sPLA2 because this enzyme is known to be the major allergen of bee venom that can cause anaphylactic shock. For many decades, efforts have been made to avoid its adverse effects. At high concentrations, exposure to bee venom group III sPLA2 can result in damage to cellular membranes and necrotic cell death. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the therapeutic effects of bee venom group III sPLA2 on several immunological diseases and described the detailed mechanisms of bee venom group III sPLA2 in regulating various immune responses and physiopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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16
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Held SAE, Heine A, Kesper AR, Schönberg K, Beckers A, Wolf D, Brossart P. Interferon gamma modulates sensitivity of CML cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1065368. [PMID: 26942083 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1065368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune effector cells such as T and NK cells can efficiently eliminate tumor cells. However, when activating oncogenic signaling pathways or protective mechanisms against cell death are active, immune cells can also confer therapy resistance. Here, we analyzed the role of activated T and NK cells and released cytokines on tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib - mediated apoptosis induction and proliferation of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Incubation of CML cells with activated, but not with resting CD3+ T cells or with activated NK cells significantly inhibited TKI-induced apoptosis induction in CML cells as quantified by nuclear fragmentation assays. Transwell experiments revealed a critical role for T or NK cell-derived cytokines for CML cell protection. Accordingly, CML cells treated with IFNγ also showed a clearly reduced sensitivity to TKI-mediated cell death induction and inhibition of proliferation. In contrast, IFNα or other pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, such as TNFα and GM-CSF did not impair TKI-induced apoptosis in CML cells. On a molecular level, IFNγ-exposed CML cells showed a significantly reduced caspase-3 activation and PARP-1 cleavage as well as an increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecule xIAP. Finally, IFNγ diminished TKI-induced downregulation of Jak-2 and STAT-5 phosphorylation and increased nuclear expression of RUNX-1, which may at least in part contribute to the reduced sensitivity to TKI effects. Our results demonstrate that IFNγ released by activated T or NK cells may interfere with the therapeutic effects of TKI in CML. Our findings may have important implications for the understanding of inflammation-mediated BCR-ABL independent resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Ruth Kesper
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schönberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Anika Beckers
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn, Germany
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Borg RJ, Samson AL, Au AEL, Scholzen A, Fuchsberger M, Kong YY, Freeman R, Mifsud NA, Plebanski M, Medcalf RL. Dendritic Cell-Mediated Phagocytosis but Not Immune Activation Is Enhanced by Plasmin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131216. [PMID: 26132730 PMCID: PMC4488505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of dead cells in the absence of concomitant immune stimulation is essential for tissue homeostasis. We recently identified an injury-induced protein misfolding event that orchestrates the plasmin-dependent proteolytic degradation of necrotic cells. As impaired clearance of dead cells by the innate immune system predisposes to autoimmunity, we determined whether plasmin could influence endocytosis and immune cell stimulation by dendritic cells – a critical cell that links the innate and adaptive immune systems. We find that plasmin generated on the surface of necrotic cells enhances their phagocytic removal by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Plasmin also promoted phagocytosis of protease-resistant microparticles by diverse mouse dendritic cell sub-types both in vitro and in vivo. Together with an increased phagocytic capacity, plasmin-treated dendritic cells maintain an immature phenotype, exhibit reduced migration to lymph nodes, increase their expression/release of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-β, and lose their capacity to mount an allogeneic response. Collectively, our findings support a novel role for plasmin formed on dead cells and other phagocytic targets in maintaining tissue homeostasis by increasing the phagocytic function of dendritic cells while simultaneously decreasing their immunostimulatory capacity consistent with producing an immunosuppressive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael J. Borg
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria Australia
| | - Andre L. Samson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3181, Australia
| | - Amanda E.-L. Au
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria Australia
| | - Anja Scholzen
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martina Fuchsberger
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ying Y. Kong
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roxann Freeman
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria Australia
| | - Nicole A. Mifsud
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L. Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria Australia
- * E-mail:
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Gutknecht M, Geiger J, Joas S, Dörfel D, Salih HR, Müller MR, Grünebach F, Rittig SM. The transcription factor MITF is a critical regulator of GPNMB expression in dendritic cells. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:19. [PMID: 25889792 PMCID: PMC4422548 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the unique ability to activate naïve T cells and to initiate and maintain primary immune responses. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory stimuli on DC such as the cytokine IL-10 suppress the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB what results in downregulation of costimulatory molecules, MHC and cytokine production. Glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein, which acts as a coinhibitory molecule strongly inhibiting T cell responses if present on APC. Interestingly, its expression on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) is dramatically upregulated upon treatment with IL-10 but also by the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for GPNMB overexpression are yet unknown. RESULTS The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and the BCR-ABL TKI imatinib or nilotinib, that were examined here, concordantly inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby activating the downstream serine/threonine protein kinase GSK3ß, and subsequently the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) that is phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus. Treatment of moDC with a small molecule inhibitor of MITF activity reduced the expression of GPNMB at the level of mRNA and protein, indicating that GPNMB expression is in fact facilitated by MITF activation. In line with these findings, PI3K/Akt inhibition was found to result in GPNMB overexpression accompanied by reduced stimulatory capacity of moDC in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) with allogeneic T cells that could be restored by addition of the GPNMB T cell ligand syndecan-4 (SD-4). CONCLUSIONS In summary, imatinib, nilotinib or IL-10 congruently inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway thereby activating MITF in moDC, resulting in a tolerogenic phenotype. These findings extend current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms balancing activating and inhibitory signals in human DC and may facilitate the targeted manipulation of T cell responses in the context of DC-based immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gutknecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julian Geiger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Simone Joas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Daniela Dörfel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Martin R Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Grünebach
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Susanne M Rittig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Occurrence of secondary malignancies in chronic myeloid leukemia during therapy with imatinib mesylate-single institution experience. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2015; 7:e2015003. [PMID: 25574362 PMCID: PMC4283924 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2015.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Imatinib mesylate (IM) remains the treatment of choice for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) showing a remarkable efficacy and offers a perspective for long disease-free survival. Due to prolonged administration of IM, the questions about the possible impact on the development of secondary malignancies (SM) are raised. Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical outcome of secondary malignancies during IM therapy for CML. Material and Methods The records of 221 CML patients treated with IM between 2003–2013 in a single institution were reviewed. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the relative risks for SM and death in CML patients. Results Secondary malignancies developed in eight out of the 221 patients (3.6%) receiving IM for a median of 61 months (range, 10–137 months). Female/male ratio was 5/3. Two patients were diagnosed with their CML at accelerated phase whereas 6 had chronic phase. The median age at IM initiation was 58 years (range, 31–72 years). Five of these 8 SM patients received IM after other treatments failure: interferon α (n=5), hydroxyurea (n=4) and cytarabine (n=1). Three patients received IM as a frontline therapy. All patients were on IM at 400mg daily at SM occurrence. The therapy for SM included surgery (n=3), chemotherapy only (n=3), and chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (n=1). One patient did not receive treatment due to disseminated disease. All CML patients were in hematologic and complete cytogenetic response (CCR) at the time of SM development. All of them also met the criteria for major molecular response (BCR-ABLIS ≤0.1%). They continued their IM while receiving treatment for SM. Among eight patients with SM, five patients are alive and remain in CCR on IM whereas three patients died due to SM. The risks for SM development as well as death due to SM in CML patients were not statistically increased if compared to age-adjusted population. Conclusions The association between IM therapy for CML and SM development has not been found.
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Ramanathan P, Dhandapani H, Jayakumar H, Ganeshrajah S, Thangarajan R. Dendritic cells primed with HPV positive cervical tumor lysate are superior to unprimed DCs in migratory capacity and induce a potent Th1 response. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1216-24. [PMID: 25315748 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the efficacy of tumor lysate primed and unprimed monocyte derived mature dendritic cells (DCs) to trigger an effective anti-tumor immune response in cervical cancer patients who tested positive for human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA. Lysate primed and unprimed DCs were assessed for the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, HLADR and CD83. The ability of DCs to migrate in response to the chemokines CCL19 and 21 as well as their ability to secrete IL12p40 was investigated. Mixed lymphocyte proliferation assays were used to assess DC stimulatory capacity and their ability to generate a Th1 response. Our results showed no difference in phenotypic expression between primed and unprimed DCs but both had significantly increased expression of the activation marker CD83 when compared to immature DCs. Importantly, the primed DCs showed significant (P value=0.03) IL-12p40 secretion and a superior migratory capacity towards CC19 and CCL21 (P value=0.04) compared to unprimed DCs even after cytokine withdrawal. Primed DCs showed superior stimulation of T cell proliferation (allogeneic and autologous) and secretion of IFN gamma (IFN-γ) than the unprimed DCs. Hence whole tumor lysate primed mature DCs could be potent immunotherapeutic adjuvants to standard treatment for cervical cancer.
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Brown S, Hutchinson CV, Aspinall-O'Dea M, Whetton AD, Johnson SM, Rees-Unwin K, Burthem J. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from chronic myeloid leukaemia have abnormal maturation and cytoskeletal function that is associated with defective localisation and signalling by normal ABL1 protein. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:96-102. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brown
- Pharmacy Department; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton UK
| | - Claire V. Hutchinson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; Haematological Oncology; University of Manchester; Level 5 Research, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - Mark Aspinall-O'Dea
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Suzanne M. Johnson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester UK
| | - Karen Rees-Unwin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; Haematological Oncology; University of Manchester; Level 5 Research, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - John Burthem
- Pharmacy Department; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton UK
- Clinical Haematology; Central Manchester University Hospitals; Manchester UK
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang H, Liu H, Lu Y, Han L, Liu G. Kinase AKT controls innate immune cell development and function. Immunology 2013; 140:143-52. [PMID: 23692658 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical roles of kinase AKT in tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis and protein synthesis have been widely recognized. But AKT also plays an important role in immune modulation. Recent studies have confirmed that kinase AKT can regulate the development and functions of innate immune cells (neutrophil, macrophage and dendritic cell). Studies have shown that different isoforms of kinase AKT have different effects in regulating immunity-related diseases, mainly through the mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent or -independent pathways. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the immune modulating effects of kinase AKT on innate immune cell development, survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
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Jaini R, Rayman P, Cohen PA, Finke JH, Tuohy VK. Combination of sunitinib with anti-tumor vaccination inhibits T cell priming and requires careful scheduling to achieve productive immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1695-705. [PMID: 24105638 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sunitinib, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor is the frontline therapy for renal and gastrointestinal cancers. We hypothesized that by virtue of its well documented tumor apoptosis and immune adjuvant properties, combination of Sunitinib with anti-tumor immunotherapeutics will provide synergistic inhibition of tumor growth. Our study was designed to evaluate the impact of Sunitinib on immunotherapy mediated anti-tumor immune responses and evaluate its efficacy as a combinatorial therapy with tumor targeted immunotherapeutic vaccination. Mice immunized with recombinant α-lactalbumin, a lactation protein expressed on majority of breast tumors were treated with 1 mg of Sunitinib for seven consecutive days beginning (1) concurrently, on the day of α-lactalbumin immunization or (2) sequentially, on day 9 after immunization. Ten-day lymph nodes or 21 day spleens were tested by ELISPOT assays and flow cytometry to evaluate responsiveness to α-lactalbumin immunization in presence of Sunitinib and distribution of cells involved in T cell antigen priming and proliferation in different lymphoid compartments. In addition, therapeutic efficacy of the α-lactalbumin/ Sunitinib combination was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth in the 4T1 transplanted tumor model. Our studies reveal that concurrent administration of Sunitinib with active vaccination against a targeted tumor antigen inhibits priming to the immunogen due to a drastic decrease in CD11b+CD11c+ antigen presenting cells, leading to failure of vaccination. However, sequential delivery of Sunitinib timed to avoid the priming phase of vaccination results in the desired vaccination mediated boost in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Jaini
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Togasaki-Yoshimoto E, Shono K, Onoda M, Yokota A. The occurrence of second neoplasms after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:453-6. [PMID: 23697842 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.806805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Held SAE, Duchardt KM, Tenzer S, Rückrich T, von Schwarzenberg K, Bringmann A, Kurts C, Schild H, Driessen C, Brossart P, Heine A. Imatinib mesylate and nilotinib affect MHC-class I presentation by modulating the proteasomal processing of antigenic peptides. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:715-26. [PMID: 23184338 PMCID: PMC11029753 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) has been described to modulate the function of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes and to affect the expression of antigen in CML cells. In our study, we investigated the effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors IM and nilotinib (NI) on antigen presentation and processing by analyzing the proteasomal activity in CML cell lines and patient samples. We used a biotinylated active site-directed probe, which covalently binds to the proteasomally active beta-subunits in an activity-dependent fashion. Additionally, we analyzed the cleavage and processing of HLA-A3/11- and HLA-B8-binding peptides derived from BCR-ABL by IM- or NI-treated isolated 20S immunoproteasomes using mass spectrometry. We found that IM treatment leads to a reduction in MHC-class I expression which is in line with the inhibition of proteasomal activity. This process is independent of BCR-ABL or apoptosis induction. In vitro digestion experiments using purified proteasomes showed that generation of epitope-precursor peptides was significantly altered in the presence of NI and IM. Treatment of the immunoproteasome with these compounds resulted in an almost complete reduction in the generation of long precursor peptides for the HLA-A3/A11 and -B8 epitopes while processing of the short peptide sequences increased. Treatment of isolated 20S proteasomes with serine-/threonine- and tyrosine-specific phosphatases induced a significant downregulation of the proteasomal activity further indicating that phosphorylation of the proteasome regulates its function and antigen processing. Our results demonstrate that IM and NI can affect the immunogenicity of malignant cells by modulating proteasomal degradation and the repertoire of processed T cell epitopes.
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Bruns H, Stegelmann F, Fabri M, Döhner K, van Zandbergen G, Wagner M, Skinner M, Modlin RL, Stenger S. Abelson tyrosine kinase controls phagosomal acidification required for killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4069-78. [PMID: 22988030 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate the acidification of intracellular compartments are key to host defense against pathogens. In this paper, we demonstrate that Abl tyrosine kinase, a master switch for cell growth and trafficking of intracellular organelles, controls the acidification of lysosomes in human macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition by imatinib and gene silencing of Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase reduced the lysosomal pH in human macrophages by increasing the transcription and expression of the proton pumping enzyme vacuolar-type H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase. Because lysosomal acidification is required for antimicrobial activity against intracellular bacteria, we determined the effect of imatinib on the growth of the major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Imatinib limited the multiplication of M. tuberculosis, and growth restriction was dependent on acidification of the mycobacterial compartment. The effects of imatinib were also active in vivo because circulating monocytes from imatinib-treated leukemia patients were more acidic than monocytes from control donors. Importantly, sera from imatinib-treated patients triggered acidification and growth restriction of M. tuberculosis in macrophages. In summary, our results identify the control of phagosomal acidification as a novel function of Abl tyrosine kinase and provide evidence that the regulation occurs on the level of the vacuolar-type H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase. Given the efficacy of imatinib in a mouse model of tuberculosis and our finding that orally administered imatinib increased the ability of human serum to trigger growth reduction of intracellular M. tuberculosis, clinical evaluation of imatinib as a complementary therapy of tuberculosis, in particular multidrug or extremely drug-resistant disease, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bruns
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
Bee venom (BV) (api-toxin) has been widely used in the treatment of some immune-related diseases, as well as in recent times in treatment of tumors. Several cancer cells, including renal, lung, liver, prostate, bladder, and mammary cancer cells as well as leukemia cells, can be targets of bee venom peptides such as melittin and phospholipase A2. The cell cytotoxic effects through the activation of PLA2 by melittin have been suggested to be the critical mechanism for the anti-cancer activity of BV. The induction of apoptotic cell death through several cancer cell death mechanisms, including the activation of caspase and matrix metalloproteinases, is important for the melittin-induced anti-cancer effects. The conjugation of cell lytic peptide (melittin) with hormone receptors and gene therapy carrying melittin can be useful as a novel targeted therapy for some types of cancer, such as prostate and breast cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding potential of bee venom and its compounds such as melittin to induce cytotoxic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic effects in different tumor cells in vivo or in vitro. The recent applications of melittin in various cancers and a molecular explanation for the antiproliferative properties of bee venom are discussed.
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Schwarzbich MA, Gutknecht M, Salih J, Salih HR, Brossart P, Rittig SM, Grünebach F. The immune inhibitory receptor osteoactivin is upregulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells by BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:193-202. [PMID: 21874302 PMCID: PMC11028554 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple approaches presently aim to combine targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors with immunotherapy. Ex vivo-generated dendritic cells are frequently used in such strategies due to their unique ability to initiate primary T-cell immune responses. Besides governing tumor cell growth, many kinases targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors are involved in the development and function of dendritic cells and thus tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy may cause immunoinhibitory side effects. We here report that exposure of developing human monocyte-derived dendritic cells to the BCR-ABL inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib results in profound upregulation of the transmembrane glycoprotein osteoactivin that has recently been characterized as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. Thus, in line with osteoactivin upregulation, exposure to tyrosine kinase inhibitors resulted in significantly reduced stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions that could be restored by the addition of blocking anti-osteoactivin antibody. Our data demonstrate that tyrosine kinase inhibitor-mediated inhibition of dendritic cell function is, at least in great part, mediated by upregulation of the immune inhibitory molecule osteoactivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark-Alexander Schwarzbich
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Salih
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne M Rittig
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Grünebach
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Thomas MA, Joshi PP, Klaper RD. Gene-class analysis of expression patterns induced by psychoactive pharmaceutical exposure in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) indicates induction of neuronal systems. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:109-20. [PMID: 21684349 PMCID: PMC3219835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychoactive pharmaceuticals are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, contributing to persistent measurable concentrations in aquatic systems. Typically, it is assumed that such contaminants have no human health implications because they exist in extremely low concentrations. We exposed juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to three pharmaceuticals, fluoxetine, venlafaxine and carbamazepine, individually and in a mixture, and measured their effect on the induction of gene expression in fish brains using microarray analysis. Gene expression changes were accompanied by behavioral changes and validated by qPCR analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to perform gene-class analysis of gene expression, testing for enrichment of gene sets known to be involved in human neuronal development, regulation and growth. We found significant enrichment of gene sets for each of the treatments, with the largest induction of expression by the mixture treatment. These results suggest that the psychoactive pharmaceuticals are able to alter expression of fish genes associated with development, regulation and differentiation of synapses, neurons and neurotransmitters. The results provide a new perspective for the consideration of potential consequence for human health due to environmental exposure to unmetabolized psychoactive pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Stop 8007, 921 S 8th Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA.
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Olivieri J, Coluzzi S, Attolico I, Olivieri A. Tirosin kinase inhibitors in chronic graft versus host disease: from bench to bedside. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1908-31. [PMID: 22125447 PMCID: PMC3217614 DOI: 10.1100/2011/924954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (cGVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT). In many inflammatory fibrotic diseases, such as Systemic Scleroderma (SSc) and cGVHD with fibrotic features, an abnormal activation of transforming growth factor (TGFβ) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) pathways have been observed. Tyrosin Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), which are currently used for treatment of patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), share potent antifibrotic and antiinflammatory properties, being powerful dual inhibitors of both PDGF-R and TGFβ pathways. Moreover accumulating in vitro data confirm that TKIs, interacting with the TCR and other signalling molecules, carry potent immunomodulatory effects, being involved in both T-cell and B-cell response. Translation to the clinical setting revealed that treatment with Imatinib can achieve encouraging responses in patients with autoimmune diseases and steroid-refractory cGVHD, showing a favourable toxicity profile. While the exact mechanisms leading to such efficacy are still under investigation, use of TKIs in the context of clinical trials should be promoted, aiming to evaluate the biological changes induced in vivo by TKIs and to assess the long term outcome of these patients. Second-generation TKIs, with more favourable toxicity profile are under evaluation in the same setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Olivieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
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31
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Abstract
Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are potentially lethal complications after stem cell transplantation (SCT). Steroids are the appropriate first-line treatment for both. However, if patients do not adequately benefit from steroid therapy, mortality is high and standardized treatment algorithms are lacking. This is mainly because of limited data from prospective, randomized clinical trials. In addition, most of the available treatment options only induce clinical benefits in a limited proportion of patients. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to develop more potent immunosuppressive treatment strategies for patients suffering from acute or chronic steroid-refractory GVHD while maintaining the graft versus tumor effect to avoid a potential rise in relapse-related mortality. The increasing knowledge about host- as well as donor-derived variables favoring GVHD development and the increasing armamentarium of immune-modulatory agents entering preclinical and clinical research will probably allow more effective treatment of GVHD in the future. This review describes novel developments in the treatment of steroid-refractory GVHD, with a special focus on the rationale behind promising pharmacologic compounds or up-coming cellular therapies.
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Ott PA, Adams S. Small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors and their effects on the immune system: implications for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:213-27. [PMID: 21322760 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic signaling pathways have emerged as key targets for the development of small-molecule inhibitors, with several protein kinase inhibitors already in clinical use for cancer patients. In addition to their role in tumorigenesis, many of the molecules and signaling pathways targeted by these inhibitors are also important in the signaling and interaction of immune cells, such as T cells and dendritic cells. Not surprisingly, there is increasing evidence that many of these inhibitors can have a substantial impact on immune function, both stimulating and downregulating an immune response. In order to illustrate the important role of signaling molecule inhibition in the modulation of immune function, we will discuss the exemplary pathways MAPK, AKT-PI3K-mTOR and VEGF-VEGFR, as well as selected small-molecule inhibitors, whose impact on immune cells has been studied more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Ott
- New York University Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology, 160 E 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Ge SX. Large-scale analysis of expression signatures reveals hidden links among diverse cellular processes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:87. [PMID: 21619705 PMCID: PMC3123203 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Cells must respond to various perturbations using their limited available gene repertoires. In order to study how cells coordinate various responses, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of 1,186 gene expression signatures (gene lists) associated with various genetic and chemical perturbations. Results We identified 7,419 statistically significant overlaps between various published gene lists. Most (80%) of the overlaps can be represented by a highly connected network, a "molecular signature map," that highlights the correlation of various expression signatures. By dissecting this network, we identified sub-networks that define clusters of gene sets related to common biological processes (cell cycle, immune response, etc). Examination of these sub-networks has confirmed relationships among various pathways and also generated new hypotheses. For example, our result suggests that glutamine deficiency might suppress cellular growth by inhibiting the MYC pathway. Interestingly, we also observed 1,369 significant overlaps between a set of genes upregulated by factor X and a set of genes downregulated by factor Y, suggesting a repressive interaction between X and Y factors. Conclusions Our results suggest that molecular-level responses to diverse chemical and genetic perturbations are heavily interconnected in a modular fashion. Also, shared molecular pathways can be identified by comparing newly defined gene expression signatures with databases of previously published gene expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven X Ge
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
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Lied GA, Vogelsang P, Berstad A, Appel S. Dendritic cell populations in patients with self-reported food hypersensitivity. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4:389-96. [PMID: 21625415 PMCID: PMC3100221 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s17655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reported hypersensitivity to food is a common condition and many of these patients have indications of intestinal immune activation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as the most potent antigen-presenting cells involved in both initiating immune responses and maintaining tolerance. The aims of this study were to evaluate the DC populations with their phenotype and T cell stimulatory capacity in patients with food hypersensitivity and to study its relationship with atopic disease. Blood samples from 10 patients with self-reported food hypersensitivity, divided into atopic and nonatopic subgroups, and 10 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry using the Miltenyi Blood Dendritic cells kit. Monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were evaluated concerning their phenotype and T cell stimulatory capacity. DC populations and cell surface markers were not significantly different between patients and healthy controls, but moDCs from atopic patients expressed significantly more CD38 compared to moDCs from nonatopic patients. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide stimulated moDCs from atopic patients produced significantly more interleukin-10 compared to nonatopic patients. CD38 expression was correlated to total serum immunoglobulin E levels. These findings support the notion of immune activation in some patients with self-reported food hypersensitivity. They need to be confirmed in a larger cohort.
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35
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Nishioka Y, Aono Y, Sone S. Role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in tumor immunology. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:107-16. [PMID: 21174561 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various immune cells are involved in both innate and acquired immunity against tumors. NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a role as effector cells to directly kill tumor cells. On the other hand, antigen-presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells, control tumor-specific immune responses. In addition, much focus has been paid on the immune regulatory cells in tumor sites, including CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The recent advances in molecular-targeted therapy for cancer have provided small-molecule kinase inhibitors, which are effective for several hematopoietic malignancies as well as solid tumors in the clinical setting. Most drugs generally have inhibitory effects on several kinases, including tyrosine kinases, which are critical molecules for the survival, proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells. Since the host immune surveillance against tumors affects tumor progression, it is of interest to understand how these molecular-targeted drugs affect immune function in the tumor-bearing host. Besides this, there are emerging findings that myeloid cells could be involved in tumor angiogenesis. In this article, we address the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in tumor immunology by summarizing their effects on myeloid cells, such as antigen-presenting cells and regulatory cells, and their role in tumor immunity and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Rheumotology, The Univeristy of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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36
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Maggio R, Peragine N, De Propris MS, Vitale A, Elia L, Calabrese E, Della Starza I, Intoppa S, Milani ML, Guarini A, Foà R. Immunocompetent cell functions in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients on prolonged Imatinib maintenance treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:599-607. [PMID: 21240485 PMCID: PMC11029509 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (Imatinib) is a potent inhibitor of defined tyrosine kinases and is effectively used for the treatment of malignancies characterized by the constitutive activation of these tyrosine kinases, such as Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph(+)) leukemias and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Suppressive as well as stimulating effects of this drug on T lymphocytes or dendritic cells (DC), which play a major role in immune tumor surveillance, have been reported. For this reason, we questioned whether Imatinib could also affect the phenotypic and functional properties of these subpopulations in Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients on prolonged Imatinib maintenance treatment. Circulating T lymphocytes and NK cells from Imatinib-treated Ph(+) ALL patients showed a subset distribution comparable to that of healthy donors. In addition, T-cell immunomodulant cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and proliferative responses were not impaired. A normal monocyte-derived DC differentiation and apoptotic body loading capacity was also observed in the majority of Imatinib-treated patients. In contrast, an impairment in the DC intracellular production of IL-12 was recorded, although this was not observed when normal DC were exposed in vitro to Imatinib. Finally, in vivo Imatinib treatment did not affect the T-lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production induced by leukemic apoptotic body-loaded DC, underling the potential capability of these cells to generate a specific immune response against tumoral antigens. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at controlling residual disease in Ph(+) ALL patients in hematologic remission are not jeopardized by the long-term administration of Imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maggio
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Peragine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania De Propris
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Vitale
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Elia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Calabrese
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Della Starza
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Intoppa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Milani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Guarini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Robin Foà
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Exogenous control of the expression of Group I CD1 molecules competent for presentation of microbial nonpeptide antigens to human T lymphocytes. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:790460. [PMID: 21603161 PMCID: PMC3095450 DOI: 10.1155/2011/790460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Group I CD1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c) glycoproteins expressed on immature and mature dendritic cells present nonpeptide antigens (i.e., lipid or glycolipid molecules mainly of microbial origin) to T cells. Cytotoxic CD1-restricted T lymphocytes recognizing mycobacterial lipid antigens were found in tuberculosis patients. However, thanks to a complex interplay between mycobacteria and CD1 system, M. tuberculosis possesses a successful tactic based, at least in part, on CD1 downregulation to evade CD1-dependent immunity. On the ground of these findings, it is reasonable to hypothesize that modulation of CD1 protein expression by chemical, biological, or infectious agents could influence host's immune reactivity against M. tuberculosis-associated lipids, possibly affecting antitubercular resistance. This scenario prompted us to perform a detailed analysis of the literature concerning the effect of external agents on Group I CD1 expression in order to obtain valuable information on the possible strategies to be adopted for driving properly CD1-dependent immune functions in human pathology and in particular, in human tuberculosis.
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Hovden AO, Karlsen M, Jonsson R, Aarstad HJ, Appel S. Maturation of monocyte derived dendritic cells with OK432 boosts IL-12p70 secretion and conveys strong T-cell responses. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:2. [PMID: 21208424 PMCID: PMC3023782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Design of tumour specific immunotherapies using the patients' own dendritic cells (DC) is a fast advancing scientific field. The functional qualities of the DC generated in vitro are critical, and today's gold standard for maturation is a cytokine cocktail consisting of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2 generating cells lacking IL-12p70 production. OK432 is an immunotherapeutic agent derived from killed Streptococcus pyogenes that has been used clinically to treat malignant and benign neoplasms for decades. Methods In this study, we analysed the effects of OK432 on DC maturation, DC migration, cytokine and chemokine secretion as well as T-cell stimulatory capacity, and compared it to the cytokine cocktail alone and combinations of OK432 with the cytokine cocktail. Results OK432 induced a marked up-regulation of CD40 on the cell surface as well as a strong inflammatory response from the DC with significantly more secretion of 19 different cytokines and chemokines compared to the cytokine cocktail. Interestingly, secretion of IL-15 and IL-12p70 was detected at high concentrations after maturation of DC with OK432. However, the OK432 treated DC did not migrate as well as DC treated with cytokine cocktail in a transwell migration assay. During allogeneic T-cell stimulation OK432 treated DC induced proliferation of over 50 percent of CD4 and 30 percent of CD8 T-cells for more than two cell divisions, whereas cytokine cocktail treated DC induced proliferation of 12 and 11 percent of CD4 and CD8 T-cells, respectively. Conclusions The clinically approved compound OK432 has interesting properties that warrants its use in DC immunotherapy and should be considered as a potential immunomodulating agent in cancer immunotherapy.
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An X, Tiwari AK, Sun Y, Ding PR, Ashby CR, Chen ZS. BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia: a review. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1255-68. [PMID: 20537386 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a clonal disease characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph+) chromosome and its oncogenic product, BCR-ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, that is present in >90% of the patients. Epidemiologic data indicates that almost 5000 new cases are reported every year and 10% of these patients eventually succumb to the disease. The treatment of CML was revolutionized by the introduction of imatinib mesylate (IM, Gleevec), a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). The clinical use of specific BCR-ABL inhibitors has resulted in a significantly improved prognosis, response rate, overall survival, and patient outcome in CML patients compared to previous therapeutic regimens. However, the complete eradication of CML in patients receiving imatinib was limited by the emergence of resistance mostly due to mutations in the ABL kinase domain and to a lesser extent by molecular residual disease after treatment. The second-generation BCR-ABL TKIs nilotinib (Tasigna) and dasatinib (Sprycel), showed significant activity in clinical trials in patients intolerant or resistant to imatinib therapy, except in those patients with the T315I BCR-ABL mutation. Identifying key components involved in the CML pathogenesis may lead to the exploration of new approaches that might eventually overcome resistance mediated to the BCR-ABL TKIs. Here, we present an overview about the current treatment of Ph+ CML patients with the TKIs and the obstacles to successful treatment with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
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Pinilla-Ibarz J, Shah B, Dubovsky JA. The biological basis for immunotherapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Control 2009; 16:141-52. [PMID: 19337200 DOI: 10.1177/107327480901600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has long been recognized as an entity responsive to immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite the success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in this disease, CML remains incurable. Only allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can provide long-term eradication of CML. METHODS This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of immunology in CML, specifically in tumor antigen discovery, that have been incorporated into the design of new clinical trials. RESULTS Multiple vaccine approaches are currently under clinical investigation. Recent laboratory and clinical data also point to a unique interaction of TKIs with the immune system. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of these interactions combined with advances in the field of immunotherapy will likely lead to incorporation of TKIs in future therapeutic interventions to develop a cure for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Malignant Hematology at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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Seggewiss R, Price DA, Purbhoo MA. Immunomodulatory effects of imatinib and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors on T cells and dendritic cells: an update. Cytotherapy 2009; 10:633-41. [PMID: 18836918 DOI: 10.1080/14653240802317639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new drugs has occasionally led to a better understanding of biologic processes and unforeseen therapeutic applications. One such example is the new group of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, exemplified by the Bcr-Abl inhibitor imatinib (Glivec). In the last 10 years, these so-called 'small molecules' have started to enter the clinic with the promise of cancer treatments targeted at the underlying molecular changes that are responsible for specific malignant phenotypes. The aim of these small molecules has been to avoid the side-effects of systemic chemotherapies and the high morbidity/mortality risks associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Concurrently, however, increasing evidence has emerged to indicate that these drugs exert profound immunomodulatory effects on T cells and antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, which play major roles in immune tumor surveillance and the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy may thus control cancer cell growth both directly and indirectly by changing the immunologic microenvironment. Furthermore, such molecules might help to unravel the complexities of the human immune system and could find therapeutic application in conditions as diverse as autoimmune diseases and certain infectious processes. In this brief review, we discuss recent developments in this fast evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seggewiss
- Immune Recovery Section, Med. Klinik and Poliklinik II, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Yogalingam G, Pendergast AM. Abl kinases regulate autophagy by promoting the trafficking and function of lysosomal components. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:35941-53. [PMID: 18945674 PMCID: PMC2602914 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804543200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that regulates the turnover of intracellular organelles, parasites, and long-lived proteins. Deregulation of autophagy results in a variety of pathological conditions, but little is known regarding the mechanisms that link normal cellular and pathological signals to the regulation of distinct stages in the autophagy pathway. Here we uncover a novel role for the Abl family kinases in the regulation of the late stages of autophagy. Inhibition, depletion, or knockout of the Abl family kinases, Abl and Arg, resulted in a dramatic reduction in the intracellular activities of the lysosomal glycosidases alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase and neuraminidase. Inhibition of Abl kinases also reduced the processing of the precursor forms of cathepsin D and cathepsin L to their mature, lysosomal forms, which coincided with the impaired turnover of long-lived cytosolic proteins and accumulation of autophagosomes. Furthermore, defective lysosomal degradation of long-lived proteins in the absence of Abl kinase signaling was accompanied by a perinuclear redistribution of lysosomes and increased glycosylation and stability of lysosome-associated membrane proteins, which are known to be substrates for lysosomal enzymes and play a role in regulating lysosome mobility. Our findings reveal a role for Abl kinases in the regulation of late-stage autophagy and have important implications for therapies that employ pharmacological inhibitors of the Abl kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Yogalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Larmonier N, Janikashvili N, LaCasse CJ, Larmonier CB, Cantrell J, Situ E, Lundeen T, Bonnotte B, Katsanis E. Imatinib mesylate inhibits CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell activity and enhances active immunotherapy against BCR-ABL- tumors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:6955-63. [PMID: 18981115 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571), a selective inhibitor of a restricted number of tyrosine kinases, has been effectively used for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Imatinib may also directly influence immune cells. Suppressive as well as stimulating effects of this drug on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes or dendritic cells have been reported. In the current study, we have investigated the influence of imatinib mesylate on CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), a critical population of lymphocytes that contributes to peripheral tolerance. Used at concentrations achieved clinically, imatinib impaired Treg immunosuppressive function and FoxP3 expression but not production of IL-10 and TGF-beta in vitro. Imatinib significantly reduced the activation of the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5 in Treg. Analysis of Treg TCR-induced signaling cascade indicated that imatinib inhibited phosphorylation of ZAP70 and LAT. Substantiating these observations, imatinib treatment of mice decreased Treg frequency and impaired their immunosuppressive function in vivo. Furthermore, imatinib mesylate significantly enhanced antitumor immune responses to dendritic cell-based immunization against an imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL negative lymphoma. The clinical applications of imatinib mesylate might thus be expanded with its use as a potent immunomodulatory agent targeting Treg in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Larmonier
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18895-900. [PMID: 19015530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810246105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors offers increasing opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential of this new class of drugs to treat and cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the NOD mouse. Treatment of prediabetic and new onset diabetic mice with imatinib (Gleevec) prevented and reversed T1D. Similar results were observed with sunitinib (Sutent), an additional approved multikinase inhibitor, suggesting that the primary target of imatinib, c-Abl, was not essential in blocking disease in this model. Additional studies with another TK inhibitor, PLX647 (targeting c-Kit and c-Fms) or an anti-c-Kit mAb showed only marginal efficacy whereas a soluble form of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), PDGFRbetaIg, rapidly reversed diabetes. These findings strongly suggest that inhibition of PDGFR is critical to reverse diabetes and highlight a crucial role of inflammation in the development of T1D. These conclusions were supported by the finding that the adaptive immune system was not significantly affected by imatinib treatment. Finally, and most significantly, imatinib treatment led to durable remission after discontinuation of therapy at 10 weeks in a majority of mice. Thus, long-term efficacy and tolerance is likely to depend on inhibiting a combination of tyrosine kinases supporting the use of selective kinase inhibitors as a new, potentially very attractive approach for the treatment of T1D.
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Gioni V, Karampinas T, Voutsinas G, Roussidis AE, Papadopoulos S, Karamanos NK, Kletsas D. Imatinib mesylate inhibits proliferation and exerts an antifibrotic effect in human breast stroma fibroblasts. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:706-14. [PMID: 18505916 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stroma plays an important role in cancer development. In a variety of tumors, such as breast carcinomas, a desmoplastic response, characterized by stromal fibroblast and collagen accumulation, is observed having synergistic effects on tumor progression. However, the effect of known anticancer drugs on stromal cells has not been thoroughly investigated. Imatinib mesylate is a selective inhibitor of several protein tyrosine kinases, including the receptor of platelet-derived growth factor, an important mediator of desmoplasia. Recently, we have shown that imatinib inhibits the growth and invasiveness of human epithelial breast cancer cells. Here, we studied the effect of imatinib on the proliferation and collagen accumulation in breast stromal fibroblasts. We have shown that it blocks the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt signaling pathways and up-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1), leading to the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, by arresting them at the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Imatinib inhibits more potently the platelet-derived growth factor-mediated stimulation of breast fibroblast proliferation. By using specific inhibitors, we have found that this is due to the inhibition of the Akt pathway. In addition, imatinib inhibits fibroblast-mediated collagen accumulation. Conventional and quantitative PCR analysis, as well as gelatin zymography, indicates that this is due to the down-regulation of mRNA synthesis of collagen I and collagen III-the main collagen types in breast stroma-and not to the up-regulation or activation of collagenases matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. These data indicate that imatinib has an antifibrotic effect on human breast stromal fibroblasts that may inhibit desmoplastic reaction and thus tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Gioni
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," 153 10 Athens, Greece
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Sorafenib, but not sunitinib, affects function of dendritic cells and induction of primary immune responses. Blood 2008; 111:5610-20. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-075945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib are approved for the treatment of patients with malignant diseases. To analyze the possible use of these compounds in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches, we analyzed the effects of both inhibitors on the immunostimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells (DCs) and the induction of primary immune responses in vivo. Sorafenib, but not sunitinib, inhibits function of DCs, characterized by reduced secretion of cytokines and expression of CD1a, major histocompatibility complex, and costimulatory molecules in response to TLR ligands as well as by their impaired ability to migrate and stimulate T-cell responses. These inhibitory effects are mediated by inhibition of PI3 and MAP kinases and NFκB signaling. In contrast, sorafenib had no influence on the phenotype and proliferation of T cells. To analyze the effects of both TKIs on cytotoxic T-cell induction in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with sorafenib or sunitinib and immunized with OVA257-264 peptide. Sorafenib, but not sunitinib, application significantly reduced the induction of antigen-specific T cells. Numbers of regulatory T cells were reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mice treated with sunitinib. These results indicate that sunitinib, but not sorafenib, is suitable for combination with immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment of cancer patients.
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The intersection of sunitinib with the immunosuppressive microenvironment of renal cell carcinoma: implications for future therapeutics. Target Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-007-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Scheich F, Duyster J, Peschel C, Bernhard H. The immunogenicity of Bcr-Abl–expressing dendritic cells is dependent on the Bcr-Abl kinase activity and dominated by Bcr-Abl–regulated antigens. Blood 2007; 110:2556-60. [PMID: 17579186 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-01-071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the constitutively active Bcr-Abl kinase leads to the up-regulation and activation of multiple genes, which may subsequently result in the expression of leukemia-associated antigens. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of Bcr-Abl–regulated antigens by stimulating CD8+ T lymphocytes with autologous dendritic cells transfected with RNA coding for Bcr-Abl wild-type or a kinase-deficient mutant. Significant HLA class I–restricted T-cell responses were detected against antigens regulated by the Bcr-Abl kinase, but not toward the Bcr-Abl protein itself. The T-cell repertoire of a patient with CML in major molecular remission due to imatinib mesylate was also dominated by T cells directed against Bcr-Abl–regulated antigens. These results encourage the development of immunotherapeutic approaches against Bcr-Abl–regulated antigens for the treatment of CML patients with residual disease following therapy with Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Scheich
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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