1
|
Gujar S, Pol JG, Kumar V, Lizarralde-Guerrero M, Konda P, Kroemer G, Bell JC. Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1. [PMID: 38769145 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vishnupriyan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manuela Lizarralde-Guerrero
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bergman PJ. Cancer Immunotherapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:441-468. [PMID: 38158304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of immunology experienced over the last 5 decades afforded through the tools of molecular biology has recently translated into cancer immunotherapy becoming one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. Human cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The field of veterinary cancer immunotherapy has also rapidly advanced in the last decade with a handful of commercially available products and a plethora of investigational cancer immunotherapies, which will hopefully expand our veterinary oncology treatment toolkit over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Clinical Studies, VCA; Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, USA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nosalova N, Huniadi M, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Horňák S, Nagoos K, Vozar J, Cizkova D. Canine Mammary Tumors: Classification, Biomarkers, Traditional and Personalized Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2891. [PMID: 38474142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the dog as a proper animal model for human cancer. In dogs, mammary tumors develop spontaneously, involving a complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system and revealing several molecular and clinical similarities to human breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the major features of canine mammary tumor, risk factors, and the most important biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment. Traditional therapy of mammary tumors in dogs includes surgery, which is the first choice, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy. However, these therapeutic strategies may not always be sufficient on their own; advancements in understanding cancer mechanisms and the development of innovative treatments offer hope for improved outcomes for oncologic patients. There is still a growing interest in the use of personalized medicine, which should play an irreplaceable role in the research not only in human cancer therapy, but also in veterinary oncology. Moreover, immunotherapy may represent a novel and promising therapeutic option in canine mammary cancers. The study of novel therapeutic approaches is essential for future research in both human and veterinary oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nosalova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomir Horňák
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Nagoos
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Vozar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
LRP6 Is a Functional Receptor for Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus. mBio 2023; 14:e0311422. [PMID: 36645301 PMCID: PMC9973313 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03114-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) is an important pathogen of dogs as well as wildlife that can infect immune and epithelial cells through two known receptors: the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4, respectively. Conversely, the ferret and egg-adapted CDV-Onderstepoort strain (CDV-OP) is employed as an effective vaccine for dogs. CDV-OP also exhibits promising oncolytic properties, such as its abilities to infect and kill multiple cancer cells in vitro. Interestingly, several cancer cells do not express SLAM or nectin-4, suggesting the presence of a yet unknown entry factor for CDV-OP. By conducting a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) screen in CDV-OP-susceptible canine mammary carcinoma P114 cells, which neither express SLAM nor nectin-4, we identified low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) as a host factor that promotes CDV-OP infectivity. Whereas the genetic ablation of LRP6 rendered cells resistant to infection, ectopic expression in resistant LRP6KO cells restored susceptibility. Furthermore, multiple functional studies revealed that (i) the overexpression of LRP6 leads to increased cell-cell fusion, (ii) a soluble construct of the viral receptor-binding protein (solHOP) interacts with a soluble form of LRP6 (solLRP6), (iii) an H-OP point mutant that prevents interaction with solLRP6 abrogates cell entry in multiple cell lines once transferred into recombinant viral particles, and (iv) vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotyped with CDV-OP envelope glycoproteins loses its infectivity in LRP6KO cells. Collectively, our study identified LRP6 as the long sought-after cell entry receptor of CDV-OP in multiple cell lines, which set the molecular bases to refine our understanding of viral-cell adaptation and to further investigate its oncolytic properties. IMPORTANCE Oncolytic viruses (OV) have gathered increasing interest in recent years as an alternative option to treat cancers. The Onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (CDV-OP), an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus, is employed as a safe and efficient vaccine for dogs against distemper disease. Importantly, although CDV-OP can infect and kill multiple cancer cell lines, the basic mechanisms of entry remain to be elucidated, as most of those transformed cells do not express natural receptors (i.e., SLAM and nectin-4). In this study, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, we describe the discovery of LRP6 as a novel functional entry receptor for CDV-OP in various cancer cell lines and thereby uncover a basic mechanism of cell culture adaptation. Since LRP6 is upregulated in various cancer types, our data provide important insights in order to further investigate the oncolytic properties of CDV-OP.
Collapse
|
5
|
MAYLINA L, KAMBAYASHI S, BABA K, IGASE M, MIZUNO T, OKUDA M. Decreased sensitivity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib and abemaciclib to canine lymphoma cells with high p16 protein expression and low retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:99-104. [PMID: 36450591 PMCID: PMC9887221 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine lymphoma/leukemia cell lines with p16 protein expressions: high (17-71 and GL-1) and low (CLBL-1, CLC, Nody-1, and UL-1) were treated in vitro with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, palbociclib or abemaciclib. Cell proliferation decreased as a result, with higher IC50 levels observed in the high p16 (17-71 and GL-1) and one low p16 (UL-1) cell lines compared with the low p16 cells (CLBL-1, CLC, and Nody-1). As expected, palbociclib and abemaciclib treatment reduced pRb phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, especially in cells with low p16. These results suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors have potential as new chemotherapeutic agents for canine lymphoma and high p16 protein expression may be used as a biomarker for resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leni MAYLINA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan,Division of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB
University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Satoshi KAMBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan,Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kenji BABA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan,Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masaya IGASE
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan,Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya MIZUNO
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan,Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masaru OKUDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan,Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan,Correspondence to: Okuda M: , Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine,
Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omole RK, Oluwatola O, Akere MT, Eniafe J, Agboluaje EO, Daramola OB, Ayantunji YJ, Omotade TI, Torimiro N, Ayilara MS, Adeyemi OI, Salinsile OS. Comprehensive assessment on the applications of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1082797. [PMID: 36569326 PMCID: PMC9772532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1082797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide burden of cancers is increasing at a very high rate, including the aggressive and resistant forms of cancers. Certain levels of breakthrough have been achieved with the conventional treatment methods being used to treat different forms of cancers, but with some limitations. These limitations include hazardous side effects, destruction of non-tumor healthy cells that are rapidly dividing and developing, tumor resistance to anti-cancer drugs, damage to tissues and organs, and so on. However, oncolytic viruses have emerged as a worthwhile immunotherapeutic option for the treatment of different types of cancers. In this treatment approach, oncolytic viruses are being modeled to target cancer cells with optimum cytotoxicity and spare normal cells with optimal safety, without the oncolytic viruses themselves being killed by the host immune defense system. Oncolytic viral infection of the cancer cells are also being genetically manipulated (either by removal or addition of certain genes into the oncolytic virus genome) to make the tumor more visible and available for attack by the host immune cells. Hence, different variants of these viruses are being developed to optimize their antitumor effects. In this review, we examined how grave the burden of cancer is on a global level, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, major conventional therapeutic approaches to the treatment of cancer and their individual drawbacks. We discussed the mechanisms of action employed by these oncolytic viruses and different viruses that have found their relevance in the fight against various forms of cancers. Some pre-clinical and clinical trials that involve oncolytic viruses in cancer management were reported. This review also examined the toxicity and safety concerns surrounding the adoption of oncolytic viro-immunotherapy for the treatment of cancers and the likely future directions for researchers and general audience who wants updated information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kolade Omole
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Microbiology Unit, Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Richard Kolade Omole,
| | - Oluwaseyi Oluwatola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States,Department of Immunology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Millicent Tambari Akere
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Eniafe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | | | | | - Yemisi Juliet Ayantunji
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Advanced Space Technology Applications Laboratory, Cooperative Information Network, National Space Research and Development Agency, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Nkem Torimiro
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Modupe Stella Ayilara
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Oluwole Isaac Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiu J, Yang Y, Kong J, Cao Y, Liu Y, Luo H, Cao X. Quantification of pharmacokinetic profiles of a recombinant canine PD-1 fusion protein by validated sandwich ELISA method. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:951176. [PMID: 35990262 PMCID: PMC9382074 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are becoming a serious threat to the quality of life of human and dogs. Studies have shown that tumors have caused more than half of the deaths in older dogs. Similar to human, dogs will develop various and highly heterogeneous tumors, but there are currently no viable therapies for them. In human, immunotherapy has been used widely and considered as an effective treatment for tumors by immune checkpoint targets, which are also expressed on canine tumors, suggesting that immunotherapy may be a potential treatment for canine tumors. In this work, we developed a sandwich ELISA method to detect the concentration of recombinant canine PD-1 fusion protein in canine serum and investigated pharmacokinetics in canines after intravenous infusion administration. After being validated, the ELISA method showed an excellent linear relationship in 25.00–3,200.00 ng/ml in serum, and the R2 was more than 0.99 with four-parameter fitting. The precision and accuracy of intra-assay and inter-assay at the five different concentrations met the requirements of quantitative analysis. At the same time, no hook effect was observed at the concentration above ULOQ, and the stability was good under different predicted conditions with accuracy > 80%. The pharmacokinetic study in dogs has shown that the recombinant canine PD-1 fusion protein exhibited a typical biphasic PK profile after intravenous infusion administration, and the linear pharmacokinetic properties were observed between 1.00 and 12.00 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the T1/2 after intravenous infusion administration with non-compartmental analysis was about 5.79 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Haoshu Luo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing VJTBio Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyuan Cao
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simultaneous Analysis of the p16 Gene and Protein in Canine Lymphoma Cells and Their Correlation with pRb Phosphorylation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080393. [PMID: 36006308 PMCID: PMC9416461 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The most common epigenetic alteration is gene methylation. Methylation of the p16 gene leads to decreased expression of its protein. The p16 protein inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase, as a negative control of the cell cycle to prevent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) protein. The methylation of the p16 gene has been reported in canine lymphomas, however, p16 protein expression has not been examined in previous studies. In this study, the gene and protein expression of p16, and phosphorylation of pRb, were examined simultaneously in canine lymphoma/leukemia cell lines treated with or without a demethylation drug in vitro. We identified the hypermethylation of the p16 gene, the decreased expression of p16 protein and the hyperphosphorylation of pRb in four out of eight cell lines. Furthermore, we revealed that the expression of the p16 protein was more stable than that of the p16 gene and more closely related to the phosphorylation of pRb. In conclusion, the p16 protein expression is suggested as a promising biomarker for canine lymphoma cells, and the p16–pRb pathway could be a target for the better treatment of canine lymphomas. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (CDKN2A) primarily functions as a negative regulator of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway to prevent pRb phosphorylation, thus playing a critical role in cell cycle arrest. In canine lymphoma cells, methylation due to inactivation of the p16 gene has been reported. However, its protein expression has not been examined in previous studies. In our in vitro study, the gene and protein expression of p16 and phosphorylated pRb were examined simultaneously in eight canine lymphoma and leukemia cell lines (17-71, CLBL-1, GL-1, CLC, CLGL-90, Ema, Nody-1, and UL-1). Methylation of the p16 gene was also explored using the demethylation drug 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza). After 5-Aza treatment, p16 gene and protein expression increased and pRb phosphorylation decreased, suggesting that both hypermethylation of the p16 gene and pRb hyperphosphorylation occurred in four out of eight cell lines (CLBL-1, CLC, Nody-1, and UL-1). Moreover, the estimation of p16’s protein expression was better than that of p16’s mRNA expression because the expression of the protein was more stable than those of the gene, and highly related to the phosphorylation of pRb. These results revealed that p16’s protein expression could be a promising biomarker for canine lymphoma cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tumor-Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with Oncolytic Virus in a Canine Patient. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060285. [PMID: 35737337 PMCID: PMC9228126 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of oncolytic adenovirus (OAds) can be challenging, although various vehicles for the delivery of the virus to the tumor have been described. The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a virus vehicle has been reported in mouse models and canine and human patients, but the actual action mechanism has never been described in patients. It is of importance to determine whether MSCs infected with OAds can reach the tumor and release the virus in a clinical setting. For this purpose, GFP-labeled MSCs were infected with an OAd and inoculated into a companion dog diagnosed with spontaneous lung carcinoma. Forty-eight hours later, the tumor was excised and analyzed microscopically by flow cytometry for GFP fluorescence detection, and a cellular culture was established. Peripheral blood samples were taken to quantify the oncolytic adenovirus by qRT-PCR. Green fluorescence cells detected in the cellular culture by microscopy and flow cytometry revealed 0.69% GFP-positive cells in the tumor. OAd in peripheral blood was confirmed by qRT-PCR during follow-up. For the first time, the tumoral-homing capacity of OAds infected-MSC has been confirmed in a clinical setting, helping to explain the clinical response mechanism, whose efficacy was previously reported in canine and human patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Marek K, Armando F, Nippold VM, Rohn K, Plattet P, Brogden G, Gerold G, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Persistent Infection of a Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cell Line with Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Vasostatin or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116156. [PMID: 35682834 PMCID: PMC9181094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) represents a neoplasia with poor prognosis. Due to the high metastatic rate of HS, there is urgency to improve treatment options and to prevent tumor metastases. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA (ssRNA (-)) virus with potentially oncolytic properties. Moreover, vasostatin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are attractive molecules in cancer therapy research because of their anti-angiogenetic properties and potential modulation of the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, an in vitro characterization of two genetically engineered viruses based on the CDV strain Onderstepoort (CDV-Ond), CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin and CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF was performed. Canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) were persistently infected with CDV-Ond, CDV-Ondneon, CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin and CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF and characterized on a molecular and protein level regarding their vasostatin and GM-CSF production. Interestingly, DH82 cells persistently infected with CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin showed a significantly increased number of vasostatin mRNA transcripts. Similarly, DH82 cells persistently infected with CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF displayed an increased number of GM-CSF mRNA transcripts mirrored on the protein level as confirmed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. In summary, modified CDV-Ond strains expressed GM-CSF and vasostatin, rendering them promising candidates for the improvement of oncolytic virotherapies, which should be further detailed in future in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marek
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
| | - Vanessa Maria Nippold
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Vetsuisse University Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wyss M, Gradauskaite V, Ebert N, Thiel V, Zurbriggen A, Plattet P. Efficient Recovery of Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus from cDNA. Virus Res 2022; 316:198796. [PMID: 35568090 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To provide insights into the biology of the attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) Onderstepoort (OP) strain (large plaque forming variant), design next-generation multivalent vaccines, or further investigate its promising potential as an oncolytic vector, we employed contemporary modifications to establish an efficient OP-CDV-based reverse genetics platform. Successful viral rescue was obtained however only upon recovery of a completely conserved charged residue (V13E) residing at the N-terminal region of the large protein (L). Although L-V13 and L-V13E did not display drastic differences in cellular localization and physical interaction with P, efficient polymerase complex (P+L) activity was recorded only with L-V13E. Interestingly, grafting mNeonGreen to the viral N protein via a P2A ribosomal skipping sequence (OPneon) and its derivative V-protein-knockout variant (OPneon-Vko) exhibited delayed replication kinetics in cultured cells. Collectively, we established an efficient OP-CDV-based reverse genetics system that enables the design of various strategies potentially contributing to veterinary medicine and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Wyss
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vaiva Gradauskaite
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zurbriggen
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dias JNR, André AS, Aguiar SI, Gil S, Tavares L, Aires-da-Silva F. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Canine Lymphoma: Changing the Odds Against Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:621758. [PMID: 34513964 PMCID: PMC8427286 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.621758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The new era of immune-oncology has brought complexities and challenges that emphasize the need to identify new strategies and models to develop successful and cost-effective therapies. The inclusion of a canine model in the drug development of cancer immunotherapies is being widely recognized as a valid solution to overcome several hurdles associated with conventional preclinical models. Driven by the success of immunotherapies in the treatment of human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and by the remarkable similarities of canine NHL to its human counterpart, canine NHL has been one of the main focus of comparative research. Under the present review, we summarize a general overview of the challenges and prospects of today's cancer immunotherapies and the role that comparative medicine might play in solving the limitations brought by this rapidly expanding field. The state of art of both human and canine NHL and the rationale behind the use of the canine model to bridge the translational gap between murine preclinical studies and human clinical trials are addressed. Finally, a review of currently available immunotherapies for canine NHL is described, highlighting the potential of these therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morinaga Y, Igase M, Yanase T, Sakai Y, Sakai H, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Tsujimoto H, Okuda M, Mizuno T. Expression of DEP Domain-Containing 1B in Canine Lymphoma and Other Types of Canine Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2021; 185:55-65. [PMID: 34119232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine lymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy in dogs and is typically treated with multidrug chemotherapy. Most cases are at risk of relapse after several courses of chemotherapy and the oncogenic mechanism remains unknown. This study was aimed at identifying genes expressed in canine lymphoma by cDNA microarray. We found elevated expression of Dishevelled, EGL-10 and pleckstrin (DEP) domain-containing 1B (DEPDC1B) in canine lymphoma cells compared with cells and tissues from healthy dogs. Canine DEPDC1B protein was detected in 13 of 41 lymphoma specimens by immunohistochemistry, but was not detected in lymph nodes from normal dogs. Immunoreactive DEPDC1B protein was also detected in several other types of canine tumour. This is the first report documenting the association of DEPDC1B with canine cancer and the results suggest that DEPDC1B might serve as a potential marker or therapeutic target for canine malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morinaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan
| | - Masaya Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan
| | - Takuma Yanase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Okuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Armando F, Fayyad A, Arms S, Barthel Y, Schaudien D, Rohn K, Gambini M, Lombardo MS, Beineke A, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Intratumoral Canine Distemper Virus Infection Inhibits Tumor Growth by Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Xenograft Model of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073578. [PMID: 33808256 PMCID: PMC8037597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcomas refer to highly aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis that respond poorly to conventional treatment approaches. Oncolytic viruses, which have gained significant traction as a cancer therapy in recent decades, represent a promising option for treating histiocytic sarcomas through their replication and/or by modulating the tumor microenvironment. The live attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine strain Onderstepoort represents an attractive candidate for oncolytic viral therapy. In the present study, oncolytic virotherapy with CDV was used to investigate the impact of this virus infection on tumor cell growth through direct oncolytic effects or by virus-mediated modulation of the tumor microenvironment with special emphasis on angiogenesis, expression of selected MMPs and TIMP-1 and tumor-associated macrophages in a murine xenograft model of canine histiocytic sarcoma. Treatment of mice with xenotransplanted canine histiocytic sarcomas using CDV induced overt retardation in tumor progression accompanied by necrosis of neoplastic cells, increased numbers of intratumoral macrophages, reduced angiogenesis and modulation of the expression of MMPs and TIMP-1. The present data suggest that CDV inhibits tumor growth in a multifactorial way, including direct cell lysis and reduction of angiogenesis and modulation of MMPs and their inhibitor TIMP-1, providing further support for the concept of its role in oncolytic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Adnan Fayyad
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus 9720061, Palestine
| | - Stefanie Arms
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Yvonne Barthel
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Mara Sophie Lombardo
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nemec PS, Holmes JC, Hess PR. Dog leukocyte antigen-88*034:01 presents nonamer peptides from canine distemper virus hemagglutinin, large polymerase, and matrix proteins. HLA 2021; 97:428-434. [PMID: 33527745 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine spontaneous cancers may offer greater fidelity than rodent models in advancing clinical immunotherapies. Boxers in particular are distinguished as study subjects by their popularity, and high incidence of human-relevant cancers. Further, the MHC class I allele DLA-88*034:01, with a known motif, dominates the breed, facilitating discovery of shared CTL responses against mutation-origin neoepitopes by standard prediction methods. We experimentally confirmed the allomorph's binding motif by developing an MHC surface stabilization assay. The assay validated four DLA-88*034:01-presented peptides from canine distemper virus, ubiquitously administered in routine vaccines, for positive controls in future CTL studies. In turn, these viral peptides substantiated motif-based prediction for DLA-88*034:01. The study adds new tools for studying neoepitope-specific CTL in Boxers to foster canine comparative oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige S Nemec
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Precision Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer C Holmes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The inhibitory effect of canine interferon gamma on the growth of canine tumors. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:466-473. [PMID: 32799170 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant canine interferon-γ (rc-IFNγ; InterdogⓇ) was exclusively approved as a therapeutic for canine atopic dermatitis. However, it has been used off-label for the treatment of canine cancer. We examined the inhibitory effect of rc-IFNγ on the growth of canine tumor cell lines and analyzed its mechanism of action. Three (CTB-p, CTB-m, and CNM-m) out of seven mammary gland tumor cell lines and two (VIMC and CoMS) out of four mast cell tumor cell lines showed remarkable growth inhibition after treatment with rc-IFNγ. However, one (CLBL-1) out of nine lymphoma cell lines showed a significant amount of cell death. Using CTB-p and CTB-m cell lines, we showed that STAT1 was essential for inducing the growth inhibitory effect of rc-IFNγ. Although rc-IFNγ induced G1 growth arrest in CTB-p cell line, treatment with rc-IFNγ did not alter the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. In this study, we observed direct cytotoxicity or cytostatic effects of rc-IFNγ in canine tumor cell lines. However, the detailed mechanisms responsible for these effects need to be elucidated in the future.
Collapse
|
17
|
Generation of a canine anti-canine CD20 antibody for canine lymphoma treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11476. [PMID: 32651429 PMCID: PMC7351721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common hematological cancer in dogs. Canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma shows a relatively good response to treatment with multi-agent cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy; however, the 2-year survival rate is as low as 20%. For human B cell type lymphoma, the anti-CD20 chimeric antibody, rituximab, was developed two decades ago. The combination of rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy was highly successful in improving patient prognosis. However, no anti-canine CD20 antibody is available for the treatment of canine lymphoma. During this study, a rat anti-canine CD20 monoclonal antibody was established. We also generated a rat-canine chimeric antibody against canine CD20 designed for clinical application. This chimeric antibody (4E1-7-B) showed in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against the canine B cell lymphoma cell line CLBL-1. Moreover, to obtain stronger ADCC activity, a defucosylated 4E1-7-B antibody (4E1-7-B_f) was also generated, and it showed tenfold stronger ADCC activity compared with 4E1-7-B. 4E1-7-B_f as well as 4E1-7-B suppressed the growth of CLBL-1 tumors in an immunodeficient xenotransplant mouse model. Finally, a single administration of 4E1-7-B_f induced considerable peripheral B cell depletion in healthy beagles. Thus, 4E1-7-B_f is a good antibody drug candidate for canine B cell type lymphoma.
Collapse
|
18
|
Armando F, Gambini M, Corradi A, Becker K, Marek K, Pfankuche VM, Mergani AE, Brogden G, de Buhr N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Naim HY, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Mesenchymal to epithelial transition driven by canine distemper virus infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells contributes to a reduced cell motility in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9332-9348. [PMID: 32627957 PMCID: PMC7417708 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas especially of histiocytic origin often possess a poor prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Interestingly, tumours undergoing mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) are often associated with a favourable clinical outcome. This process is characterized by an increased expression of epithelial markers leading to a decreased invasion and metastatic rate. Based on the failure of conventional therapies, viral oncolysis might represent a promising alternative with canine distemper virus (CDV) as a possible candidate. This study hypothesizes that a CDV infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) triggers the MET process leading to a decreased cellular motility. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were used to investigate the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers followed by scratch assay and an invasion assay as functional confirmation. Furthermore, microarray data were analysed for genes associated with the MET process, invasion and angiogenesis. CDV‐infected cells exhibited an increased expression of epithelial markers such as E‐cadherin and cytokeratin 8 compared to controls, indicating a MET process. This was accompanied by a reduced cell motility and invasiveness. Summarized, these results suggest that CDV infection of DH82 cells triggers the MET process by an increased expression of epithelial markers resulting in a decreased cell motility in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Marek
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ahmed Elmonastir Mergani
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Hannover, Germany, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Viral Pathogenesis, Recombinant Vaccines, and Oncolytic Virotherapy: Applications of the Canine Distemper Virus Reverse Genetics System. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030339. [PMID: 32244946 PMCID: PMC7150803 DOI: 10.3390/v12030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen transmissible to a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic carnivores. Despite the availability of attenuated vaccines against CDV, the virus remains responsible for outbreaks of canine distemper (CD) with significant morbidity and mortality in domesticated and wild carnivores worldwide. CDV uses the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM, or CD150) and nectin-4 (PVRL4) as entry receptors, well-known tumor-associated markers for several lymphadenomas and adenocarcinomas, which are also responsible for the lysis of tumor cells and apparent tumor regression. Thus, CDV vaccine strains have emerged as a promising platform of oncolytic viruses for use in animal cancer therapy. Recent advances have revealed that use of the CDV reverse genetic system (RGS) has helped increase the understanding of viral pathogenesis and explore the development of recombinant CDV vaccines. In addition, genetic engineering of CDV based on RGS approaches also has the potential of enhancing oncolytic activity and selectively targeting tumors. Here, we reviewed the host tropism and pathogenesis of CDV, and current development of recombinant CDV-based vaccines as well as their use as oncolytic viruses against cancers.
Collapse
|
20
|
Armando F, Gambini M, Corradi A, Giudice C, Pfankuche VM, Brogden G, Attig F, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Oxidative Stress in Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Induced by an Infection with Canine Distemper Virus Led to a Dysregulation of HIF-1α Downstream Pathway Resulting in a Reduced Expression of VEGF-B in vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020200. [PMID: 32054075 PMCID: PMC7077254 DOI: 10.3390/v12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcomas represent malignant tumors which require new treatment strategies. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a promising candidate due to its oncolytic features reported in a canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82 cells). Interestingly, the underlying mechanism might include a dysregulation of angiogenesis. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a persistent CDV-infection on oxidative stress mediated changes in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and its angiogenic downstream pathway in DH82 cells in vitro. Microarray data analysis, immunofluorescence for 8-hydroxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase, and flow cytometry for oxidative burst displayed an increased oxidative stress in persistently CDV-infected DH82 cells (DH82Ond pi) compared to controls. The HIF-1α expression in DH82Ond pi increased, as demonstrated by Western blot, and showed an unexpected, often sub-membranous distribution, as shown by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Furthermore, microarray data analysis and immunofluorescence confirmed a reduced expression of VEGF-B in DH82Ond pi compared to controls. In summary, these results suggest a reduced activation of the HIF-1α angiogenic downstream pathway in DH82Ond pi cells in vitro, most likely due to an excessive, unusually localized, and non-functional expression of HIF-1α triggered by a CDV-induced increased oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via dell‘Universitá 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via dell‘Universitá 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Maria Pfankuche
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
| | - Friederike Attig
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Withers SS, Sparger EE, Boudreaux B, Mason NJ. Utilizing Microbes to Treat Naturally Occurring Cancer in Veterinary Species. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of immunology experienced over the last 4 decades afforded through the tools of molecular biology has recently translated into cancer immunotherapy becoming one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. Human cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The field of veterinary cancer immunotherapy has also rapidly advanced in the last decade with a handful of commercially available products and a plethora of investigational cancer immunotherapies that will hopefully expand the veterinary oncology treatment toolkit over time.
Collapse
|
23
|
Li P, Wang J, Chen G, Zhang X, Lin D, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Liu W, Zhang D. Oncolytic activity of canine distemper virus in canine mammary tubular adenocarcinoma cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:174-183. [PMID: 30756476 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), bearing a close resemblance to measles virus, represents a promising candidate for oncolytic therapy; however, its application and underlying oncolytic mechanisms in canine mammary carcinoma cells remain to be explored. Here, we found that an attenuated canine distemper vaccine strain, CDV-L, efficiently infected and inhibited the growth of canine mammary tubular adenocarcinoma CIPp cells but not MDCK cells in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis of CDV-L-infected CIPp cells revealed substantially differentially expressed genes in apoptotic and NF-κB signalling pathways. Subsequent validations confirmed that CDV-L-induced apoptosis of CIPp cells through the caspase-8 and caspase-3 pathway. Identification of phosphorylated-IκBα, phosphorylated-p65 and the nuclear translocation of p65 confirmed the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway abrogated CDV-L-induced cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. In a CIPp subcutaneous xenograft mouse model, intratumoural injections of CDV-L significantly restricted tumour growth without apparent pathology, and virus remained localized within the tumour. Taken altogether, these findings indicate that CDV-L exerts an antitumour effect in CIPp cells, and that apoptosis and the NF-κB pathway play essential roles in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jigui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Degui Lin
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongle Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sánchez D, Cesarman-Maus G, Amador-Molina A, Lizano M. Oncolytic Viruses for Canine Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110404. [PMID: 30373251 PMCID: PMC6266482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has been investigated for several decades and is emerging as a plausible biological therapy with several ongoing clinical trials and two viruses are now approved for cancer treatment in humans. The direct cytotoxicity and immune-stimulatory effects make oncolytic viruses an interesting strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the results of in vitro and in vivo published studies of oncolytic viruses in different phases of evaluation in dogs, using PubMed and Google scholar as search platforms, without time restrictions (to date). Natural and genetically modified oncolytic viruses were evaluated with some encouraging results. The most studied viruses to date are the reovirus, myxoma virus, and vaccinia, tested mostly in solid tumors such as osteosarcomas, mammary gland tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and mastocytomas. Although the results are promising, there are issues that need addressing such as ensuring tumor specificity, developing optimal dosing, circumventing preexisting antibodies from previous exposure or the development of antibodies during treatment, and assuring a reasonable safety profile, all of which are required in order to make this approach a successful therapy in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Cesarman-Maus
- Department of Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
MacNeill AL, Weishaar KM, Séguin B, Powers BE. Safety of an Oncolytic Myxoma Virus in Dogs with Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080398. [PMID: 30060548 PMCID: PMC6115854 DOI: 10.3390/v10080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oncolytic viruses that are efficacious in murine cancer models are ineffective in humans. The outcomes of oncolytic virus treatment in dogs with spontaneous tumors may better predict human cancer response and improve treatment options for dogs with cancer. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of treatment with myxoma virus lacking the serp2 gene (MYXVΔserp2) and determine its immunogenicity in dogs. To achieve these objectives, dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas were treated with MYXVΔserp2 intratumorally (n = 5) or post-operatively (n = 5). In dogs treated intratumorally, clinical scores were recorded and tumor biopsies and swabs (from the mouth and virus injection site) were analyzed for viral DNA at multiple time-points. In all dogs, blood, urine, and feces were frequently collected to evaluate organ function, virus distribution, and immune response. No detrimental effects of MYXVΔserp2 treatment were observed in any canine cancer patients. No clinically significant changes in complete blood profiles, serum chemistry analyses, or urinalyses were measured. Viral DNA was isolated from one tumor swab, but viral dissemination was not observed. Anti-MYXV antibodies were occasionally detected. These findings provide needed safety information to advance clinical trials using MYXVΔserp2 to treat patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L MacNeill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Kristen M Weishaar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Barbara E Powers
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang H, Rose BJ, Pyuen AA, Thamm DH. In vitro antineoplastic effects of auranofin in canine lymphoma cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:522. [PMID: 29724201 PMCID: PMC5934856 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The orally available gold complex auranofin (AF) has been used in humans, primarily as an antirheumatic/immunomodulatory agent. It has been safely administered to healthy dogs to establish pharmacokinetic parameters for oral administration, and has also been used as a treatment in some dogs with immune-mediated conditions. Multiple in vitro studies have recently suggested that AF may possess antineoplastic properties. Spontaneous canine lymphoma may be a very useful translational model for the study of human lymphoma, prompting the evaluation of AF in canine lymphoma cells. METHODS We investigated the antineoplastic activity of AF in 4 canine lymphoid tumor derived cell lines through measurements of proliferation, apoptosis, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and detected the effects of AF when combined with conventional cytotoxic drugs using the Chou and Talalay method. We also evaluated the antiproliferative effects of AF in primary canine lymphoma cells using a bioreductive fluorometric assay. RESULTS At concentrations that appear clinically achievable in humans, AF demonstrated potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in canine lymphoid tumor cell lines. TrxR inhibition and increased ROS production was observed following AF treatment. Moreover, a synergistic antiproliferative effect was observed when AF was combined with lomustine or doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS Auranofin appears to inhibit the growth and initiate apoptosis in canine lymphoma cells in vitro at clinically achievable concentrations. Therefore, this agent has the potential to have near-term benefit for the treatment of canine lymphoma, as well as a translational model for human lymphoma. Decreased TrxR activity and increasing ROS production may be useful biomarkers of drug exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Barbara J Rose
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA
| | - Alex A Pyuen
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA.,Present Address: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA. .,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Hume KR, Sylvester SR, Borlle L, Balkman CE, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Pulvino M, Casulo C, Zhao J. Metabolic Abnormalities Detected in Phase II Evaluation of Doxycycline in Dogs with Multicentric B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2018. [PMID: 29536017 PMCID: PMC5834767 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline has antiproliferative effects in human lymphoma cells and in murine xenografts. We hypothesized that doxycycline would decrease canine lymphoma cell viability and prospectively evaluated its clinical tolerability in client-owned dogs with spontaneous, nodal, multicentric, substage a, B-cell lymphoma, not previously treated with chemotherapy. Treatment duration ranged from 1 to 8 weeks (median and mean, 3 weeks). Dogs were treated with either 10 (n = 6) or 7.5 (n = 7) mg/kg by mouth twice daily. One dog had a stable disease for 6 weeks. No complete or partial tumor responses were observed. Five dogs developed grade 3 and/or 4 metabolic abnormalities suggestive of hepatopathy with elevations in bilirubin, ALT, ALP, and/or AST. To evaluate the absorption of oral doxycycline in our study population, serum concentrations in 10 treated dogs were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Serum levels were variable and ranged from 3.6 to 16.6 µg/ml (median, 7.6 µg/ml; mean, 8.8 µg/ml). To evaluate the effect of doxycycline on canine lymphoma cell viability in vitro, trypan blue exclusion assay was performed on canine B-cell lymphoma cell lines (17-71 and CLBL) and primary B-cell lymphoma cells from the nodal tissue of four dogs. A doxycycline concentration of 6 µg/ml decreased canine lymphoma cell viability by 80%, compared to matched, untreated, control cells (mixed model analysis, p < 0.0001; Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.0313). Although the short-term administration of oral doxycycline is not associated with the remission of canine lymphoma, combination therapy may be worthwhile if future research determines that doxycycline can alter cell survival pathways in canine lymphoma cells. Due to the potential for metabolic abnormalities, close monitoring is recommended with the use of this drug in tumor-bearing dogs. Additional research is needed to assess the tolerability of chronic doxycycline therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Hume
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Skylar R Sylvester
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lucia Borlle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl E Balkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Angela L McCleary-Wheeler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Mary Pulvino
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Carla Casulo
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ross P, Nemec PS, Kapatos A, Miller KR, Holmes JC, Suter SE, Buntzman AS, Soderblom EJ, Collins EJ, Hess PR. The canine MHC class Ia allele DLA-88*508:01 presents diverse self- and canine distemper virus-origin peptides of varying length that have a conserved binding motif. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 197:76-86. [PMID: 29475511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ideally, CD8+ T-cell responses against virally infected or malignant cells are defined at the level of the specific peptide and restricting MHC class I element, a determination not yet made in the dog. To advance the discovery of canine CTL epitopes, we sought to determine whether a putative classical MHC class Ia gene, Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA)-88, presents peptides from a viral pathogen, canine distemper virus (CDV). To investigate this possibility, DLA-88*508:01, an allele prevalent in Golden Retrievers, was expressed as a FLAG-tagged construct in canine histiocytic cells to allow affinity purification of peptide-DLA-88 complexes and subsequent elution of bound peptides. Pattern analysis of self peptide sequences, which were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), permitted binding preferences to be inferred. DLA-88*508:01 binds peptides that are 9-to-12 amino acids in length, with a modest preference for 9- and 11-mers. Hydrophobic residues are favored at positions 2 and 3, as are K, R or F residues at the C-terminus. Testing motif-matched and -unmatched synthetic peptides via peptide-MHC surface stabilization assay using a DLA-88*508:01-transfected, TAP-deficient RMA-S line supported these conclusions. With CDV infection, 22 viral peptides ranging from 9-to-12 residues in length were identified in DLA-88*508:01 eluates by LC-MS/MS. Combined motif analysis and surface stabilization assay data suggested that 11 of these 22 peptides, derived from CDV hemagglutinin, large polymerase, matrix, nucleocapsid, and V proteins, were processed and presented, and thus, potential targets of anti-viral CTL in DLA-88*508:01-bearing dogs. The presentation of diverse self and viral peptides indicates that DLA-88 is a classical MHC class Ia gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Paige S Nemec
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Alexander Kapatos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keith R Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer C Holmes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Steven E Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Adam S Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute for Genome Science and Policy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Edward J Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Paul R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inactivated Recombinant Rabies Viruses Displaying Canine Distemper Virus Glycoproteins Induce Protective Immunity against Both Pathogens. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02077-16. [PMID: 28148801 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02077-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multivalent vaccines is an attractive methodology for the simultaneous prevention of several infectious diseases in vulnerable populations. Both canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RABV) cause lethal disease in wild and domestic carnivores. While RABV vaccines are inactivated, the live-attenuated CDV vaccines retain residual virulence for highly susceptible wildlife species. In this study, we developed recombinant bivalent vaccine candidates based on recombinant vaccine strain rabies virus particles, which concurrently display the protective CDV and RABV glycoprotein antigens. The recombinant viruses replicated to near-wild-type titers, and the heterologous glycoproteins were efficiently expressed and incorporated in the viral particles. Immunization of ferrets with beta-propiolactone-inactivated recombinant virus particles elicited protective RABV antibody titers, and animals immunized with a combination of CDV attachment protein- and fusion protein-expressing recombinant viruses were protected from lethal CDV challenge. However, animals that were immunized with only a RABV expressing the attachment protein of CDV vaccine strain Onderstepoort succumbed to infection with a more recent wild-type strain, indicating that immune responses to the more conserved fusion protein contribute to protection against heterologous CDV strains.IMPORTANCE Rabies virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) cause high mortality rates and death in many carnivores. While rabies vaccines are inactivated and thus have an excellent safety profile and high stability, live-attenuated CDV vaccines can retain residual virulence in highly susceptible species. Here we generated recombinant inactivated rabies viruses that carry one of the CDV glycoproteins on their surface. Ferrets immunized twice with a mix of recombinant rabies viruses carrying the CDV fusion and attachment glycoproteins were protected from lethal CDV challenge, whereas all animals that received recombinant rabies viruses carrying only the CDV attachment protein according to the same immunization scheme died. Irrespective of the CDV antigens used, all animals developed protective titers against rabies virus, illustrating that a bivalent rabies virus-based vaccine against CDV induces protective immune responses against both pathogens.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kumar SR, Kim DY, Henry CJ, Bryan JN, Robinson KL, Eaton AM. Programmed death ligand 1 is expressed in canine B cell lymphoma and downregulated by MEK inhibitors. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1527-1536. [PMID: 28111882 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in antigen-presenting cells and tumors can inhibit T cell-mediated immunity. In this study, PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression was evaluated in canine B cell lymphoma (CLL17-71), large T-cell leukemia (CLGL-90), B cell leukemia (GL-1) and primitive leukocyte round cell neoplasia (CLL-1390). Variable PD-L1 mRNA and protein were observed in these cells with high endogenous expression present in CLL17-71 cells. PD-L1 protein was also observed in canine patient B cell lymphoma tissues using immunostaining. PD-L1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ( STAT1 ) mRNA expression were reduced in the presence of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1.2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors RDEA119 and AZD6244 in CLL 17-71 cells. RDEA119 had similar effect on PD-L1 and STAT-1 in IFN-γ activated CLL-1390 cells. Overall, these results indicate that PD-L1 is expressed in canine B cell lymphoma. Its inhibition by MEK1/2 inhibitors suggests a possible treatment strategy using targeted drugs which likely could enhance antitumor immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Kumar
- Comparative Oncology, Radiopharmaceutical and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - D Y Kim
- Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - C J Henry
- Comparative Oncology, Radiopharmaceutical and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - J N Bryan
- Comparative Oncology, Radiopharmaceutical and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - K L Robinson
- Comparative Oncology, Radiopharmaceutical and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - A M Eaton
- Comparative Oncology, Radiopharmaceutical and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Persistent Morbillivirus Infection Leads to Altered Cortactin Distribution in Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells with Decreased Cellular Migration Capacity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167517. [PMID: 27911942 PMCID: PMC5135102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcomas represent rare but fatal neoplasms in humans. Based on the absence of a commercially available human histiocytic sarcoma cell line the frequently affected dog displays a suitable translational model. Canine distemper virus, closely related to measles virus, is a highly promising candidate for oncolytic virotherapy. Therapeutic failures in patients are mostly associated with tumour invasion and metastasis often induced by misdirected cytoskeletal protein activities. Thus, the impact of persistent canine distemper virus infection on the cytoskeletal protein cortactin, which is frequently overexpressed in human cancers with poor prognosis, was investigated in vitro in a canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82). Though phagocytic activity, proliferation and apoptotic rate were unaltered, a significantly reduced migration activity compared to controls (6 hours and 1 day after seeding) accompanied by a decreased number of cortactin mRNA transcripts (1 day) was detected. Furthermore, persistently canine distemper virus infected DH82 cells showed a predominant diffuse intracytoplasmic cortactin distribution at 6 hours and 1 day compared to controls with a prominent membranous expression pattern (p ≤ 0.05). Summarized, persistent canine distemper virus infection induces reduced tumour cell migration associated with an altered intracellular cortactin distribution, indicating cytoskeletal changes as one of the major pathways of virus-associated inhibition of tumour spread.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin LT, Richardson CD. The Host Cell Receptors for Measles Virus and Their Interaction with the Viral Hemagglutinin (H) Protein. Viruses 2016; 8:v8090250. [PMID: 27657109 PMCID: PMC5035964 DOI: 10.3390/v8090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (H) protein of measles virus (MeV) interacts with a cellular receptor which constitutes the initial stage of infection. Binding of H to this host cell receptor subsequently triggers the F protein to activate fusion between virus and host plasma membranes. The search for MeV receptors began with vaccine/laboratory virus strains and evolved to more relevant receptors used by wild-type MeV. Vaccine or laboratory strains of measles virus have been adapted to grow in common cell lines such as Vero and HeLa cells, and were found to use membrane cofactor protein (CD46) as a receptor. CD46 is a regulator that normally prevents cells from complement-mediated self-destruction, and is found on the surface of all human cells, with the exception of erythrocytes. Mutations in the H protein, which occur during adaptation and allow the virus to use CD46 as a receptor, have been identified. Wild-type isolates of measles virus cannot use the CD46 receptor. However, both vaccine/laboratory and wild-type strains can use an immune cell receptor called signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1; also called CD150) and a recently discovered epithelial receptor known as Nectin-4. SLAMF1 is found on activated B, T, dendritic, and monocyte cells, and is the initial target for infections by measles virus. Nectin-4 is an adherens junction protein found at the basal surfaces of many polarized epithelial cells, including those of the airways. It is also over-expressed on the apical and basal surfaces of many adenocarcinomas, and is a cancer marker for metastasis and tumor survival. Nectin-4 is a secondary exit receptor which allows measles virus to replicate and amplify in the airways, where the virus is expelled from the body in aerosol droplets. The amino acid residues of H protein that are involved in binding to each of the receptors have been identified through X-ray crystallography and site-specific mutagenesis. Recombinant measles “blind” to each of these receptors have been constructed, allowing the virus to selectively infect receptor specific cell lines. Finally, the observations that SLAMF1 is found on lymphomas and that Nectin-4 is expressed on the cell surfaces of many adenocarcinomas highlight the potential of measles virus for oncolytic therapy. Although CD46 is also upregulated on many tumors, it is less useful as a target for cancer therapy, since normal human cells express this protein on their surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher D Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Development of new therapy for canine mammary cancer with recombinant measles virus. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:15022. [PMID: 27119113 PMCID: PMC4782952 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for cancer. We previously generated a recombinant measles virus (rMV-SLAMblind) that selectively uses a poliovirus receptor-related 4 (PVRL4/Nectin4) receptor, but not signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). We demonstrated that the virus exerts therapeutic effects against human breast cancer cells. Here, we examined the applicability of rMV-SLAMblind to treating canine mammary cancers (CMCs). We found that the susceptibilities of host cells to rMV-SLAMblind were dependent on canine Nectin-4 expression. Nectin-4 was detected in four of nine CMC cell lines. The rMV-SLAMblind efficiently infected those four Nectin-4-positive cell lines and was cytotoxic for three of them (CF33, CHMm, and CTBm). In vivo experiment showed that the administration of rMV-SLAMblind greatly suppressed the progression of tumors in mice xenografted with a CMC cell line (CF33). Immunohistochemistry revealed that canine Nectin-4 was expressed in 45% of canine mammary tumors, and the tumor cells derived from one clinical specimen were efficiently infected with rMV-SLAMblind. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind infects CMC cells and displays antitumor activity in vitro, in xenografts, and ex vivo. Therefore, oncolytic virotherapy with rMV-SLAMblind can be a novel method for treating CMCs.
Collapse
|
36
|
Bonnefont-Rebeix C, Fournel-Fleury C, Ponce F, Belluco S, Watrelot D, Bouteille SE, Rapiteau S, Razanajaona-Doll D, Pin JJ, Leroux C, Marchal T. Characterization of a novel canine T-cell line established from a spontaneously occurring aggressive T-cell lymphoma with large granular cell morphology. Immunobiology 2016; 221:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
37
|
Garcia JA, Ferreira HL, Vieira FV, Gameiro R, Andrade AL, Eugênio FR, Flores EF, Cardoso TC. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) expression associated with cell survival and death in cancer cell lines infected with canine distemper virus. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:336-344. [PMID: 26373887 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel strategy for treatment of cancer in humans and companion animals as well. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus, has proven to be oncolytic through induction of apoptosis in canine-derived tumour cells, yet the mechanism behind this inhibitory action is poorly understood. In this study, three human mammary tumour cell lines and one canine-derived adenofibrosarcoma cell line were tested regarding to their susceptibility to CDV infection, cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8). CDV replication-induced cytopathic effect, decrease of cell proliferation rates, and >45% of infected cells were considered death and/or under late apoptosis/necrosis. TNFAIP8 and CDVM gene expression were positively correlated in all cell lines. In addition, mitochondrial membrane depolarization was associated with increase in virus titres (p < 0.005). Thus, these results strongly suggest that both human and canine mammary tumour cells are potential candidates for studies concerning CDV-induced cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Garcia
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H L Ferreira
- FZEA-USP, Department of de Veterinary Medicine, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F V Vieira
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Gameiro
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A L Andrade
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F R Eugênio
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - T C Cardoso
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
MacNeill AL. On the potential of oncolytic virotherapy for the treatment of canine cancers. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:95-107. [PMID: 27512674 PMCID: PMC4918385 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 6 million dogs are diagnosed with cancer in the USA each year. Treatment options for many of these patients are limited. It is important that the veterinary and scientific communities begin to explore novel treatment protocols for dogs with cancer. Oncolytic viral therapy is a promising treatment option that may prove to be relatively inexpensive and effective against several types of cancer. The efficacy of oncolytic virus therapies has been clearly demonstrated in murine cancer models, but the positive outcomes observed in mice are not always seen in human cancer patients. These therapies should be thoroughly evaluated in dogs with spontaneously arising cancers to provide needed information about the potential effectiveness of virus treatment for human cancers and to promote the health of our companion animals. This article provides a review of the results of oncolytic virus treatment of canine cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L MacNeill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Richards KL, Suter SE. Man's best friend: what can pet dogs teach us about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Immunol Rev 2015; 263:173-91. [PMID: 25510277 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are essential for understanding lymphoma biology and testing new treatments prior to human studies. Spontaneously arising lymphomas in pet dogs represent an underutilized resource that could be used to complement current mouse lymphoma models, which do not adequately represent all aspects of the human disease. Canine lymphoma resembles human lymphoma in many important ways, including characteristic translocations and molecular abnormalities and similar therapeutic responses to chemotherapy, radiation, and newer targeted therapies (e.g. ibrutinib). Given the large number of pet dogs and high incidence of lymphoma, particularly in susceptible breeds, dogs represent a largely untapped resource for advancing the understanding and treatment of human lymphoma. This review highlights similarities in molecular biology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes between human and canine lymphoma. It also describes resources that are currently available to study canine lymphoma, advantages to be gained by exploiting the genetic breed structure in dogs, and current and future challenges and opportunities to take full advantage of this resource for lymphoma studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Richards
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kambayashi S, Igase M, Kobayashi K, Kimura A, Shimokawa Miyama T, Baba K, Noguchi S, Mizuno T, Okuda M. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α expression and effects of its inhibitors in canine lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1405-12. [PMID: 26050843 PMCID: PMC4667657 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic conditions in various cancers are believed to relate with their
malignancy, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to be a major
regulator of the response to low oxygen. In this study, we examined HIF-1α expression in
canine lymphoma using cell lines and clinical samples and found that these cells expressed
HIF-1α. Moreover, the HIF-1α inhibitors, echinomycin, YC-1 and 2-methoxyestradiol,
suppressed the proliferation of canine lymphoma cell lines. In a xenograft model using
NOD/scid mice, echinomycin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent regression of the tumor.
Our results suggest that HIF-1α contributes to the proliferation and/or survival of canine
lymphoma cells. Therefore, HIF-1α inhibitors may be potential agents to treat canine
lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kambayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Preliminary Metabolism of Lomustine in Dogs and Comparative Cytotoxicity of Lomustine and Its Major Metabolites in Canine Cells. Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/vetsci1030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
42
|
Hwang CC, Umeki S, Igase M, Coffey M, Noguchi S, Okuda M, Mizuno T. The effects of oncolytic reovirus in canine lymphoma cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14 Suppl 1:61-73. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - S. Umeki
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - M. Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - M. Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Inc.; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - S. Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - M. Okuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
- Biomedical Science Center for Translational Research, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - T. Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
- Biomedical Science Center for Translational Research, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Autio K, Knuuttila A, Kipar A, Ahonen M, Parviainen S, Diaconu I, Kanerva A, Hakonen T, Vähä-Koskela M, Hemminki A. Anti-tumour activity of oncolytic Western Reserve vaccinia viruses in canine tumour cell lines, xenografts, and fresh tumour biopsies. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:395-408. [PMID: 25302859 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common reasons for death in dogs. One promising approach is oncolytic virotherapy. We assessed the oncolytic effect of genetically modified vaccinia viruses in canine cancer cells, in freshly excised tumour biopsies, and in mice harbouring canine tumour xenografts. Tumour transduction efficacy was assessed using virus expressing luciferase or fluorescent marker genes and oncolysis was quantified by a colorimetric cell viability assay. Oncolytic efficacy in vivo was evaluated in a nude mouse xenograft model. Vaccinia virus was shown to infect most tested canine cancer cell lines and primary surgical tumour tissues. Virus infection significantly reduced tumour growth in the xenograft model. Oncolytic vaccinia virus has antitumour effects against canine cancer cells and experimental tumours and is able to replicate in freshly excised patient tumour tissue. Our results suggest that oncolytic vaccinia virus may offer an effective treatment option for otherwise incurable canine tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Autio
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Knuuttila
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kipar
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Ahonen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Parviainen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Diaconu
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Hakonen
- Oncos Therapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Tumor immunology and immunotherapy is one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. The immune system is divided into 2 primary components: the innate immune response and the highly specific, but more slowly developing, adaptive or acquired immune response. Immune responses are separated by whether they are induced by exposure to a foreign antigen (active response) or transferred through serum or lymphocytes from an immunized individual (passive response). The ideal cancer immunotherapy agent should discriminate between cancer and normal cells (specificity), be potent enough to kill small or large numbers of tumor cells (sensitivity), and prevent recurrence of a tumor (durability).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Clinical Studies, VCA, 546 Bedford Road, Bedford Hills, New York, NY 10507, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Viral oncolysis - can insights from measles be transferred to canine distemper virus? Viruses 2014; 6:2340-75. [PMID: 24921409 PMCID: PMC4074931 DOI: 10.3390/v6062340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic diseases represent one of the most common causes of death among humans and animals. Currently available and applied therapeutic options often remain insufficient and unsatisfactory, therefore new and innovative strategies and approaches are highly needed. Periodically, oncolytic viruses have been in the center of interest since the first anecdotal description of their potential usefulness as an anti-tumor treatment concept. Though first reports referred to an incidental measles virus infection causing tumor regression in a patient suffering from lymphoma several decades ago, no final treatment concept has been developed since then. However, numerous viruses, such as herpes-, adeno- and paramyxoviruses, have been investigated, characterized, and modified with the aim to generate a new anti-cancer treatment option. Among the different viruses, measles virus still represents a highly interesting candidate for such an approach. Numerous different tumors of humans including malignant lymphoma, lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, and ovarian cancer, have been studied in vitro and in vivo as potential targets. Moreover, several concepts using different virus preparations are now in clinical trials in humans and may proceed to a new treatment option. Surprisingly, only few studies have investigated viral oncolysis in veterinary medicine. The close relationship between measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), both are morbilliviruses, and the fact that numerous tumors in dogs exhibit similarities to their human counterpart, indicates that both the virus and species dog represent a highly interesting translational model for future research in viral oncolysis. Several recent studies support such an assumption. It is therefore the aim of the present communication to outline the mechanisms of morbillivirus-mediated oncolysis and to stimulate further research in this potentially expanding field of viral oncolysis in a highly suitable translational animal model for the benefit of humans and dogs.
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu Y, Sato H, Hamana M, Moonan NA, Yoneda M, Xia X, Kai C. Construction of an expression system for bioactive IL-18 and generation of recombinant canine distemper virus expressing IL-18. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1241-8. [PMID: 24898077 PMCID: PMC4197152 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the T-helper-cell type 1 immune response against intracellular parasites, bacteria and viral infections. It has been widely used as an adjuvant for vaccines and as an anticancer agent. However, IL-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. In this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cDNA encoding mature canine IL-18 (cIL-18) or mouse IL-18 (mIL-18) fused to the human IL-2 (hIL-2) signal sequence. The expressed proIL-18 proteins were processed to their mature forms in the cells. The supernatants of cells transfected with these plasmids induced high interferon-γ production in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells or mouse splenocytes, respectively, indicating the secretion of bioactive IL-18. Using reverse genetics, we also generated a recombinant canine distemper virus that expresses cIL-18 or mIL-18 fused to the hIL-2 signal sequence. As expected, both recombinant viruses produced mature IL-18 in the infected cells, which secreted bioactive IL-18. These results indicate that the signal sequence from hIL-2 is suitable for the secretion of mature IL-18. These recombinant viruses can also potentially be used as immunoadjuvants and agents for anticancer therapies in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Liu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gentschev I, Patil SS, Petrov I, Cappello J, Adelfinger M, Szalay AA. Oncolytic virotherapy of canine and feline cancer. Viruses 2014; 6:2122-37. [PMID: 24841386 PMCID: PMC4036544 DOI: 10.3390/v6052122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in companion animals such as dogs and cats. Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced canine and feline cancer, overall patient treatment outcome has not been substantially improved. Virotherapy using oncolytic viruses is one promising new strategy for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and lyse cancer cells, without causing excessive damage to surrounding healthy tissue, and initiate tumor-specific immunity. The current review describes the use of different oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy and their application to canine and feline cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo Gentschev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Sandeep S Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Ivan Petrov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
| | - Marion Adelfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Aladar A Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Smallwood TL, Small GW, Suter SE, Richards KL. Expression of asparagine synthetase predictsin vitroresponse tol-asparaginase in canine lymphoid cell lines. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1357-65. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.842980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
49
|
Gentschev I, Patil SS, Adelfinger M, Weibel S, Geissinger U, Frentzen A, Chen NG, Yu YA, Zhang Q, Ogilvie G, Szalay AA. Characterization and evaluation of a new oncolytic vaccinia virus strain LIVP6.1.1 for canine cancer therapy. Bioengineered 2012; 4:84-9. [PMID: 23093804 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is one novel approach for canine cancer therapy. In this study we described for the first time the characterization and the use of new VACV strain LIVP6.1.1 as an oncolytic agent against canine cancer in a panel of four canine cancer cell lines including: soft tissue sarcoma (STSA-1), melanoma (CHAS), osteosarcoma (D-17) and prostate carcinoma (DT08/40). Cell culture data demonstrated that LIVP6.1.1 efficiently infected and destroyed all four tested canine cancer cell lines. In two different xenograft models on the basis of the canine soft tissue sarcoma STSA-1 and the prostate carcinoma DT08/40 cell lines, a systemic administration of the LIVP6.1.1 virus was found to be safe and led to anti-tumor and immunological effects resulting in the significant reduction of tumor growth in comparison to untreated control mice. In summary, the pre-clinical evaluation has demonstrated the efficacy of LIVP6.1.1 for canine cancer therapy. Furthermore, a clinical trial with canine cancer patients has already been started.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo Gentschev
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Patil SS, Gentschev I, Adelfinger M, Donat U, Hess M, Weibel S, Nolte I, Frentzen A, Szalay AA. Virotherapy of canine tumors with oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h109 expressing an anti-VEGF single-chain antibody. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47472. [PMID: 23091626 PMCID: PMC3473019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is one promising new strategy for cancer therapy. We have previously reported that oncolytic vaccinia virus strains expressing an anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-1 exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy for treatment of human tumor xenografts. Here, we describe the use of oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h109 encoding GLAF-1 for canine cancer therapy. In this study we analyzed the virus-mediated delivery and production of scAb GLAF-1 and the oncolytic and immunological effects of the GLV-1h109 vaccinia virus strain against canine soft tissue sarcoma and canine prostate carcinoma in xenograft models. Cell culture data demonstrated that the GLV-1h109 virus efficiently infect, replicate in and destroy both tested canine cancer cell lines. In addition, successful expression of GLAF-1 was demonstrated in virus-infected canine cancer cells and the antibody specifically recognized canine VEGF. In two different xenograft models, the systemic administration of the GLV-1h109 virus was found to be safe and led to anti-tumor and immunological effects resulting in the significant reduction of tumor growth in comparison to untreated control mice. Furthermore, tumor-specific virus infection led to a continued production of functional scAb GLAF-1, resulting in inhibition of angiogenesis. Overall, the GLV-1h109-mediated cancer therapy and production of immunotherapeutic anti-VEGF scAb may open the way for combination therapy concept i.e. vaccinia virus mediated oncolysis and intratumoral production of therapeutic drugs in canine cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S. Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ivaylo Gentschev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Marion Adelfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Donat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hess
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Weibel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexa Frentzen
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Aladar A. Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|