1
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Hu M, Liao X, Tao Y, Chen Y. Advances in oncolytic herpes simplex virus and adenovirus therapy for recurrent glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285113. [PMID: 38022620 PMCID: PMC10652401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent glioma treatment is challenging due to molecular heterogeneity and treatment resistance commonly observed in these tumors. Researchers are actively pursuing new therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a promising option. Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate within tumor cells, destroying them and stimulating the immune system for an enhanced anticancer response. Among Oncolytic viruses investigated for recurrent gliomas, oncolytic herpes simplex virus and oncolytic adenovirus show notable potential. Genetic modifications play a crucial role in optimizing their therapeutic efficacy. Different generations of replicative conditioned oncolytic human adenovirus and oncolytic HSV have been developed, incorporating specific modifications to enhance tumor selectivity, replication efficiency, and immune activation. This review article summarizes these genetic modifications, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of Oncolytic viruses' therapy. It also aims to identify strategies for further enhancing the therapeutic benefits of Oncolytic viruses. However, it is important to acknowledge that additional research and clinical trials are necessary to establish the safety, efficacy, and optimal utilization of Oncolytic viruses in treating recurrent glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hu
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - XuLiang Liao
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Wang W, Rodriguez-Silva M, Acanda de la Rocha AM, Wolf AL, Lai Y, Liu Y, Reinhold WC, Pommier Y, Chambers JW, Tse-Dinh YC. Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 and Topoisomerase I Activities as Predictive Indicators for Glioblastoma Susceptibility to Genotoxic Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101416. [PMID: 31547492 PMCID: PMC6827102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) patients have an estimated survival of ~15 months with treatment, and the standard of care only modestly enhances patient survival. Identifying biomarkers representing vulnerabilities may allow for the selection of efficacious chemotherapy options to address personalized variations in GBM tumors. Irinotecan targets topoisomerase I (TOP1) by forming a ternary DNA-TOP1 cleavage complex (TOP1cc), inducing apoptosis. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a crucial repair enzyme that may reduce the effectiveness of irinotecan. We treated GBM cell lines with increasing concentrations of irinotecan and compared the IC50 values. We found that the TDP1/TOP1 activity ratio had the strongest correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient R = 0.972, based on the average from three sets of experiments) with IC50 values following irinotecan treatment. Increasing the TDP1/TOP1 activity ratio by the ectopic expression of wild-type TDP1 increased in irinotecan IC50, while the expression of the TDP1 catalytic-null mutant did not alter the susceptibility to irinotecan. The TDP1/TOP1 activity ratio may be a new predictive indicator for GBM vulnerability to irinotecan, allowing for the selection of individual patients for irinotecan treatment based on risk-benefit. Moreover, TDP1 inhibitors may be a novel combination treatment with irinotecan to improve GBM patient responsiveness to genotoxic chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Monica Rodriguez-Silva
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | | | - Aizik L Wolf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Neuroscience Center at Larkin, South Miami, FL 33143, USA.
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - William C Reinhold
- Developmental Therapeutic Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutic Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
| | - Jeremy W Chambers
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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3
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Wang X, Liu R, Qu X, Yu H, Chu H, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Wu X, Gao H, Tao B, Li W, Liang J, Li G, Yang W. α-Ketoglutarate-Activated NF-κB Signaling Promotes Compensatory Glucose Uptake and Brain Tumor Development. Mol Cell 2019; 76:148-162.e7. [PMID: 31447391 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of cancer cells and dysregulated vasculature within the tumor leads to limited nutrient accessibility. Cancer cells often rewire their metabolic pathways for adaption to nutrient stress, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) is a key enzyme in glutaminolysis that converts glutamate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Here, we show that, under low glucose, GDH1 is phosphorylated at serine (S) 384 and interacts with RelA and IKKβ. GDH1-produced α-KG directly binds to and activates IKKβ and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, which promotes glucose uptake and tumor cell survival by upregulating GLUT1, thereby accelerating gliomagenesis. In addition, GDH1 S384 phosphorylation correlates with the malignancy and prognosis of human glioblastoma. Our finding reveals a unique role of α-KG to directly regulate signal pathway, uncovers a distinct mechanism of metabolite-mediated NF-κB activation, and also establishes the critical role of α-KG-activated NF-κB in brain tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruilong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueyuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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4
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González-Morales A, Zabaleta A, Guruceaga E, Alonso MM, García-Moure M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Spatial and temporal proteome dynamics of glioma cells during oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31045-31065. [PMID: 30123426 PMCID: PMC6089549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of malignant glioma. Oncolytic adenoviruses are being modified to exploit the aberrant expression of proteins in tumor cells to increase the antiglioma efficacy. E1A mutant adenovirus Delta-24-RGD (DNX-2401) has shown a favorable toxicity profile and remarkable efficacy in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial. However, the comprehensive modulation of glioma metabolism in response to Delta-24-RGD infection is poorly understood. Integrating mass spectrometry based-quantitative proteomics, physical and functional interaction data, and biochemical approaches, we conducted a cell-wide study of cytosolic, nuclear, and secreted glioma proteomes throughout the early time course of Delta-24-RGD infection. In addition to the severe proteostasis impairment detected during the first hours post-infection (hpi), Delta-24-RGD induces a transient inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and transcription factor AP-1 (c-JUN) between 3 and 10hpi, increasing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity at 6hpi. Furthermore, Delta-24-RGD specifically modulates the activation dynamics of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathways early in infection. At extracellular level, Delta-24-RGD triggers a time -dependent dynamic production of multitasking cytokines, and chemotactic factors, suggesting potential pleiotropic effects on the immune system reactivation. Taken together, these data help us to understand the mechanisms used by Delta-24-RGD to exploit glioma proteome organization. Further mining of this proteomic resource may enable design and engineering complementary adenoviral based-vectors to increase the specificity and potency against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González-Morales
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Oncohematology Area, University Hospital of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIBERONC, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Guruceaga
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Bioinformatics Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta M Alonso
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marc García-Moure
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain
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5
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Baker AT, Aguirre-Hernández C, Halldén G, Parker AL. Designer Oncolytic Adenovirus: Coming of Age. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E201. [PMID: 29904022 PMCID: PMC6025169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The licensing of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) represented a landmark moment for oncolytic virotherapy, since it provided unequivocal evidence for the long-touted potential of genetically modified replicating viruses as anti-cancer agents. Whilst T-Vec is promising as a locally delivered virotherapy, especially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the quest continues for a virus capable of specific tumour cell killing via systemic administration. One candidate is oncolytic adenovirus (Ad); it’s double stranded DNA genome is easily manipulated and a wide range of strategies and technologies have been employed to empower the vector with improved pharmacokinetics and tumour targeting ability. As well characterised clinical and experimental agents, we have detailed knowledge of adenoviruses’ mechanisms of pathogenicity, supported by detailed virological studies and in vivo interactions. In this review we highlight the strides made in the engineering of bespoke adenoviral vectors to specifically infect, replicate within, and destroy tumour cells. We discuss how mutations in genes regulating adenoviral replication after cell entry can be used to restrict replication to the tumour, and summarise how detailed knowledge of viral capsid interactions enable rational modification to eliminate native tropisms, and simultaneously promote active uptake by cancerous tissues. We argue that these designer-viruses, exploiting the viruses natural mechanisms and regulated at every level of replication, represent the ideal platforms for local overexpression of therapeutic transgenes such as immunomodulatory agents. Where T-Vec has paved the way, Ad-based vectors now follow. The era of designer oncolytic virotherapies looks decidedly as though it will soon become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Baker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Carmen Aguirre-Hernández
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Alan L Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Forsyth
- Peter A. Forsyth and Daniel Abate-Daga, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Peter A. Forsyth and Daniel Abate-Daga, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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7
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Xia Y, Yang W, Fa M, Li X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Lee JH, Li J, Lu Z. RNF8 mediates histone H3 ubiquitylation and promotes glycolysis and tumorigenesis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1843-1855. [PMID: 28507061 PMCID: PMC5461008 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xia et al. show that EGF receptor activation results in the binding of the RNF8 forkhead-associated domain to pyruvate kinase M2-phosphorylated histone H3-T11, leading to histone H3 polyubiquitylation and degradation and subsequent gene expression for tumor cell glycolysis and proliferation. Disassembly of nucleosomes in which genomic DNA is packaged with histone regulates gene expression. However, the mechanisms underlying nucleosome disassembly for gene expression remain elusive. We show here that epidermal growth factor receptor activation results in the binding of the RNF8 forkhead-associated domain to pyruvate kinase M2–phosphorylated histone H3-T11, leading to K48-linked polyubiquitylation of histone H3 at K4 and subsequent proteasome-dependent protein degradation. In addition, H3 polyubiquitylation induces histone dissociation from chromatin, nucleosome disassembly, and binding of RNA polymerase II to MYC and CCND1 promoter regions for transcription. RNF8-mediated histone H3 polyubiquitylation promotes tumor cell glycolysis and proliferation and brain tumorigenesis. Our findings uncover the role of RNF8-mediated histone H3 polyubiquitylation in the regulation of histone H3 stability and chromatin modification, paving the way to gene expression regulation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming Fa
- Genetivision Corporation, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Xinjian Li
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yugang Wang
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yuhui Jiang
- The Institute of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Cancer, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jing Li
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Minister of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.,The Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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8
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Liang J, Cao R, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Gao H, Li C, Yang F, Zeng R, Wei P, Li D, Li W, Yang W. Mitochondrial PKM2 regulates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by stabilizing Bcl2. Cell Res 2016; 27:329-351. [PMID: 28035139 PMCID: PMC5339831 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) catalyzes the last step of glycolysis and plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation. Recent studies have reported that PKM2 also regulates apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying such a role of PKM2 remain elusive. Here we show that PKM2 translocates to mitochondria under oxidative stress. In the mitochondria, PKM2 interacts with and phosphorylates Bcl2 at threonine (T) 69. This phosphorylation prevents the binding of Cul3-based E3 ligase to Bcl2 and subsequent degradation of Bcl2. A chaperone protein, HSP90α1, is required for this function of PKM2. HSP90α1's ATPase activity launches a conformational change of PKM2 and facilitates interaction between PKM2 and Bcl2. Replacement of wild-type Bcl2 with phosphorylation-deficient Bcl2 T69A mutant sensitizes glioma cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and impairs brain tumor formation in an orthotopic xenograft model. Notably, a peptide that is composed of the amino acid residues from 389 to 405 of PKM2, through which PKM2 binds to Bcl2, disrupts PKM2-Bcl2 interaction, promotes Bcl2 degradation and impairs brain tumor growth. In addition, levels of Bcl2 T69 phosphorylation, conformation-altered PKM2 and Bcl2 protein correlate with one another in specimens of human glioblastoma patients. Moreover, levels of Bcl2 T69 phosphorylation and conformation-altered PKM2 correlate with both grades and prognosis of glioma malignancy. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism through which mitochondrial PKM2 phosphorylates Bcl2 and inhibits apoptosis directly, highlight the essential role of PKM2 in ROS adaptation of cancer cells, and implicate HSP90-PKM2-Bcl2 axis as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruixiu Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
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9
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Bressy C, Benihoud K. Association of oncolytic adenoviruses with chemotherapies: an overview and future directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:97-106. [PMID: 24832861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses have been used in different preclinical and clinical studies, showing their capacity to kill tumor cells without major adverse events. However, these studies also underline the limitations of this approach. The efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses is hampered by their limited ability to transduce some tumor types, their lack of selectivity, and their poor dissemination within tumors. In addition, the host immune response may limit oncolytic adenovirus efficacy. Combining oncolytic adenoviruses with chemotherapeutics constitutes an appealing strategy to increase their potency. The first part of this review describes the molecular basis of oncolytic adenoviruses, their use in preclinical studies and clinical trials, their limitations, and strategies to circumvent these limitations. The second part will focus on studies combining oncolytic adenoviruses with chemotherapeutic drugs, including standard chemotherapeutic drugs, molecularly targeted drugs, and other drugs that have been combined with oncolytic adenoviruses. Finally, based on these studies, we describe future directions and general rules that could be followed to identify chemotherapeutic drugs displaying additive/synergistic effects when combined with oncolytic adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bressy
- CNRS UMR 8203, Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anti-cancéreuses, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France; Univ Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Karim Benihoud
- CNRS UMR 8203, Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anti-cancéreuses, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France; Univ Paris-Sud, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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10
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme represents the most common primary malignant tumor of the adult CNS. Unfortunately, the median survival after surgical intervention alone is less than 6 months and the addition of radiotherapy can extend this time to only 9 months. Consequently, efforts aimed at developing new therapies have focused on new treatment strategies that specifically target tumor cells and spare normal cells. One such modality, gene therapy, has shown promise in the spectrum of agents utilized against brain tumors. This review highlights the principles of gene therapy and discusses the results of recent clinical trials in which gene therapy has been employed against malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej S Lesniak
- Division of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC3026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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11
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Song X, Wang H, Jia R, Cun B, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Xu X, Qian G, Ge S, Fan X. Combined treatment with an oncolytic adenovirus and antitumor activity of vincristine against retinoblastoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10736-10749. [PMID: 23109819 PMCID: PMC3472711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment trends of retinoblastoma (RB) have gradually evolved from eye enucleation and external radiation to local treatment. Combined treatment with an oncolytic virus and chemotherapy is currently a new method in RB treatment. To investigate the therapeutic effect of oncolytic adenovirus SG600 in combination with vincristine (VCR) on retinoblastoma in vitro, the cell viability, cell cycle effects and apoptotic activity of HXO-RB44 cells treated with SG600, VCR or SG600 plus VCR were measured using a cell counting kit-8-based procedure and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis for Akt, p-Akt, p-p53 and p-Rb protein was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of combined therapy. The combination therapy exerted a synergistic antitumor effect via a type of G2/M and S phase arrest rather than the induction of apoptosis. The combination of VCR and SG600 further reduced Akt phosphorylation compared with cells treated with VCR alone, suggesting that SG600 could overcome chemoresistance, perhaps by down-regulating Akt in RB cells. An increase in the expression of p-p53 and decrease in p-Rb expression in HXO-RB44 after co-treatment might be associated with cell cycle block. Western blot examination revealed that VCR might enhance SG600 replication. These results suggest that viro-chemo combination therapy is a feasible and potentially promising approach for the treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Biyun Cun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Yixiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Guanxiang Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (G.Q.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.G.); (X.F.); Tel.: +86-021-6313-5606 (S.G.); +86-021-2327-1699 (ext. 5586) (X.F.); Fax: +86-021-6313-7148 (S.G.); +86-021-6313-7148 (X.F.)
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.G.); (X.F.); Tel.: +86-021-6313-5606 (S.G.); +86-021-2327-1699 (ext. 5586) (X.F.); Fax: +86-021-6313-7148 (S.G.); +86-021-6313-7148 (X.F.)
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12
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Yang W, Xia Y, Hawke D, Li X, Liang J, Xing D, Aldape K, Hunter T, Yung WKA, Lu Z. PKM2 phosphorylates histone H3 and promotes gene transcription and tumorigenesis. Cell 2012; 150:685-96. [PMID: 22901803 PMCID: PMC3431020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is essential for the Warburg effect. In addition to its well-established role in aerobic glycolysis, PKM2 directly regulates gene transcription. However, the mechanism underlying this nonmetabolic function of PKM2 remains elusive. We show here that PKM2 directly binds to histone H3 and phosphorylates histone H3 at T11 upon EGF receptor activation. This phosphorylation is required for the dissociation of HDAC3 from the CCND1 and MYC promoter regions and subsequent acetylation of histone H3 at K9. PKM2-dependent histone H3 modifications are instrumental in EGF-induced expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, tumor cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and brain tumorigenesis. In addition, levels of histone H3 T11 phosphorylation correlate with nuclear PKM2 expression levels, glioma malignancy grades, and prognosis. These findings highlight the role of PKM2 as a protein kinase in its nonmetabolic functions of histone modification, which is essential for its epigenetic regulation of gene expression and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinjian Li
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Liang
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongming Xing
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Li X, Mao Q, Wang D, Zhang W, Xia H. A fiber chimeric CRAd vector Ad5/11-D24 double-armed with TRAIL and arresten for enhanced glioblastoma therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:589-96. [PMID: 22136065 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas remain refractory to treatment despite advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques. Conditionally replicating adenoviral vector (CRAd) could kill the tumor cells by selectively replicating in neoplastic cells, which represents a novel strategy for tumor therapy. Although CRAd with a 24-bp deletion in CR2 of the E1 region (CRAd5-D24) has been shown to have a better therapeutic effect over the other types of CRAd vectors, the current CRAd5-D24 still has some shortcomings for an efficient therapy of gliomas. In this study, we developed for the first time a novel vector CRAd5/11-D24.TRAIL/arresten by the following strategies: (1) modify CRAd5-D24 with Ad5/11 chimeric fiber to improve its infection efficiency for glioblastoma; and (2) insert two transgene expression cassettes into the E3 region and the region between the fiber and E4, respectively, for an enhanced therapeutic effect. The results indicated that the CRAd5/11-D24.TRAIL/arresten achieved nearly complete inhibition of glioma growth in nude mice possibly by increased antiangiogenesis and enhanced tumor apoptosis. The vector is the first reported E1A D24-deleted, Ad5/11 chimeric, and dual-armed oncolytic virus that shows markedly improved antitumor activities compared with the conventional oncolytic viruses. This novel antitumor agent should be evaluated further in future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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14
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Yang W, Xia Y, Ji H, Zheng Y, Liang J, Huang W, Gao X, Aldape K, Lu Z. Nuclear PKM2 regulates β-catenin transactivation upon EGFR activation. Nature 2012; 480:118-22. [PMID: 22056988 PMCID: PMC3235705 DOI: 10.1038/nature10598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 789] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) isoform is highly expressed in human cancer. In contrast to the established role of PKM2 in aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect1,2,3, its nonmetabolic functions remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that EGFR activation induces translocation of PKM2, but not PKM1, into the nucleus, where K433 of PKM2 binds to c-Src-phosphorylated Y333 of β-catenin. This interaction is required for both proteins to be recruited to the CCND1 promoter, leading to HDAC3 removal from the promoter, histone H3 acetylation, and cyclin D1 expression. PKM2-dependent β-catenin transactivation is instrumental in EGFR-promoted tumor cell proliferation and brain tumor development. In addition, positive correlations have been identified among c-Src activity, β-catenin Y333 phosphorylation, and PKM2 nuclear accumulation in human glioblastoma specimens. Furthermore, levels of β-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear PKM2 have been correlated with grades of glioma malignancy and prognosis. These findings reveal that EGF induces β-catenin transactivation via a mechanism distinct from that induced by Wnt/wingless4 and highlight the essential nonmetabolic functions of PKM2 in EGFR-promoted β-catenin transactivation, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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15
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Gomez-Manzano C, Jiang H, Alonso M, Yung WKA, Fueyo J. Gene therapy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2012; 104:331-8. [PMID: 22230451 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52138-5.00021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-oncology, The University of Texas, M. D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Rein DT, Volkmer A, Bauerschmitz G, Beyer IM, Janni W, Fleisch MC, Welter AK, Bauerschlag D, Schöndorf T, Breidenbach M. Combination of a MDR1-targeted replicative adenovirus and chemotherapy for the therapy of pretreated ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:603-10. [PMID: 22209976 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted oncolytic adenoviruses capable of replication selectively in cancer cells are an appealing approach for the treatment of various cancer types refractory to conventional therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ad5/3MDR1E1, a multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1)-targeted fiber-modified replication-competent adenovirus for the therapy of platinum-pretreated ovarian cancer in combination with cytostatic agents. METHODS MDR1-specific tumor cell killing of Ad5/3MDR1E1 was systematically evaluated in chemotherapy naïve and pretreated ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Combinations of Ad5/3MDR1E1 and cytostatic agents were studied in vivo and in vitro. An in vivo hepatotoxicity model was used to evaluate liver toxicity. RESULTS We demonstrate efficient oncolysis of Ad5/3MDR1E1 in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer cells as well as therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic mouse model. Further, combining Ad5/3MDR1E1 with paclitaxel resulted in greater therapeutic benefit than either agent alone. CONCLUSION These preclinical data suggest that a fiber-modified adenovirus vector under the control of the MDR1 promoter represents a promising treatment strategy for platinum-pretreated ovarian cancer as a single agent or in combination with conventional anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Rein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Düsseldorf Medical Center, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Radiation-induced upregulation of gene expression from adenoviral vectors mediated by DNA damage repair and regulation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 83:376-84. [PMID: 22019240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we evaluated the combination of replication-deficient adenoviruses and radiotherapy in vitro. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the mechanism of radiation-mediated upregulation of adenoviral transgene expression. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adenoviral transgene expression (luciferase or green fluorescent protein) was studied with and without radiation in three cell lines: breast cancer M4A4-LM3, prostate cancer PC-3MM2, and lung cancer LNM35/enhanced green fluorescent protein. The effect of the radiation dose, modification of the viral capsid, and five different transgene promoters were studied. The cellular responses were studied using mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence analysis. Double strand break repair was modulated by inhibitors of heat shock protein 90, topoisomerase-I, and DNA protein kinase, and transgene expression was measured. RESULTS We found that a wide range of radiation doses increased adenoviral transgene expression regardless of the cell line, transgene, promoter, or viral capsid modification. Treatment with adenovirus, radiation, and double strand break repair inhibitors resulted in persistence of double strand breaks and subsequent increases in adenovirus transgene expression. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced enhancement of adenoviral transgene expression is linked to DNA damage recognition and repair. Radiation induces a global cellular response that results in increased production of RNA and proteins, including adenoviral transgene products. This study provides a mechanistic rationale for combining radiation with adenoviral gene delivery.
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The oncolytic adenovirus AdΔΔ enhances selective cancer cell killing in combination with DNA-damaging drugs in pancreatic cancer models. Gene Ther 2011; 18:1157-65. [PMID: 21975464 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are aggressive and frequently develop resistance to all current therapies. Replication-selective adenoviruses can overcome resistance to chemotherapeutics through their sensitizing effects on drug-induced cell killing. We previously found that adenovirus deleted in the anti-apoptotic E1B19K gene enhanced gemcitabine-induced apoptotis. Here we demonstrate that our engineered double-deleted AdΔΔ mutant (deleted in the pRb-binding E1ACR2 region and E1B19K) selectively replicates and enhances cell killing in combination with DNA-damaging cytotoxic drugs in pancreatic cancer cells. Combinations of AdΔΔ with gemcitabine, irinotecan or cisplatin resulted in two- to fourfold decreases in EC(50) (half maximal effective concentration) values and was more efficent than similar combinations with wild-type virus, the dl1520 (ONYX-015) and dl922-947 mutants. AdΔΔ replication was impaired in normal bronchial human epithelial cells and did not sensitize the cells to drugs. Gemcitabine-insensitive AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were efficiently killed by irinotecan in combination with AdΔΔ. Suboptimal doses of AdΔΔ and gemcitabine significantly prolonged time to tumor progression in two human pancreatic tumor xenograft in vivo models, PT45 and SUIT-2. We conclude that AdΔΔ has low toxicity to normal cells while potently sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to DNA-damaging drugs, and holds promise as an improved therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Cheema TA, Kanai R, Kim GW, Wakimoto H, Passer B, Rabkin SD, Martuza RL. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of low-dose Etoposide with oncolytic herpes simplex virus in human glioblastoma stem cell xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7383-93. [PMID: 21976549 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) inevitably recurs despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. A subpopulation of tumor cells, GBM stem cells (GSC), has been implicated in this recurrence. The chemotherapeutic agent etoposide is generally reserved for treating recurrent tumors; however, its effectiveness is limited due to acute and cumulative toxicities to normal tissues. We investigate a novel combinatorial approach of low-dose etoposide with an oncolytic HSV to enhance antitumor activity and limit drug toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro, human GBM cell lines and GSCs were treated with etoposide alone, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) G47Δ alone, or the combination. Cytotoxic interactions were analyzed using the Chou-Talalay method, and changes in caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle were determined. In vivo, the most etoposide-resistant human GSC, BT74, was implanted intracranially and treated with either treatment alone or the combination. Analysis included effects on survival, therapy-associated adverse events, and histologic detection of apoptosis. RESULTS GSCs varied in their sensitivity to etoposide by over 50-fold in vitro, whereas their sensitivity to G47Δ was similar. Combining G47Δ with low-dose etoposide was moderately synergistic in GSCs and GBM cell lines. This combination did not enhance virus replication, but significantly increased apoptosis. In vivo, the combination of a single cycle of low-dose etoposide with G47Δ significantly extended survival of mice-bearing etoposide-insensitive intracranial human GSC-derived tumors. CONCLUSIONS The combination of low-dose etoposide with G47Δ increases survival of mice-bearing intracranial human GSC-derived tumors without adverse side effects. These results establish this as a promising combination strategy to treat resistant and recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba A Cheema
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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Bhattacharyya M, Francis J, Eddouadi A, Lemoine NR, Halldén G. An oncolytic adenovirus defective in pRb-binding (dl922-947) can efficiently eliminate pancreatic cancer cells and tumors in vivo in combination with 5-FU or gemcitabine. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:734-43. [PMID: 21836633 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis and frequently develops resistance to standard chemotherapeutics. Oncolytic adenoviruses represent a promising approach to overcome treatment resistance. The replication-selective dl922-947 adenovirus, defective in pRb binding, targets cancers with deregulated cell cycle control, such as the majority of pancreatic tumors. Cell killing efficacy was higher for dl922-947 than for adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and the clinically approved dl1520 in pancreatic cancer cells with K-ras, p16 and p53 mutations. Combinations of dl922-947 and 5-fluorouracil or gemcitabine (2'2'-difluoro-2-deoxytidine) resulted in strong synergistic cell killing in Suit-2 and the highly drug- and virus-resistant Hs766T cells. Viral uptake increased in response to drugs, but was independent of the expression levels of the viral attachment receptor coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), whereas expression levels of the internalization receptors α(v)β(3)- and α(v)β(5)-integrins were increased. Early viral E1A expression was potently induced with drugs contributing to the synergistic effects. The dl922-947 mutant was more efficacious than Ad5 in vivo in Hs766T and Suit-2 xenograft models. In combination with gemcitabine, median survival was further prolonged. We demonstrate that dl922-947 is highly efficacious in pancreatic cancers and conclude that oncolytic adenoviruses harboring the E1ACR2 deletion have great potential for development into future clinical candidates for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Radhakrishnan S, Miranda E, Ekblad M, Holford A, Pizarro MT, Lemoine NR, Halldén G. Efficacy of oncolytic mutants targeting pRb and p53 pathways is synergistically enhanced when combined with cytotoxic drugs in prostate cancer cells and tumor xenografts. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 21:1311-25. [PMID: 20497039 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses have proven safety records with promising clinical outcomes. However, strategies to improve efficacy are still required. Here we report greatly improved antitumor efficacy for both attenuated (dl1520) and highly potent (dl922–947) oncolytic mutants in combination with the current standard of care for late-stage hormone-independent prostate cancers, mitoxantrone or docetaxel. In agreement with previous reports, dl922–947 had superior potency compared with dl1520 both as a single agent and in combination with cytotoxic drugs. The dl922–947 mutant caused significant synergistic cell killing in both drug-insensitive and -sensitive prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, respectively, when combined with docetaxel or mitoxantrone. The magnitude of the synergistic response was greatest for dl1520 whereas overall efficacy was greatest for dl922–947, and the latter was also more efficacious in vivo in prostate cancer models. In DU145 and PC3 cells increased viral uptake (up to 9- and 8-fold, respectively), E1A expression, and altered cell cycle progression contributed to the synergistic cell killing. A similar trend was also detected in LNCaP cells. Potent E1A expression was essential for the response. In murine xenograft models (DU145 and PC3) tumor growth inhibition was improved when suboptimal doses of docetaxel and viral mutants were combined. These findings demonstrate that the efficacy of highly potent oncolytic mutants such as dl922–947 that target the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway could be further enhanced even with low drug doses, and support the deletion of the E1ACR2 region in future candidate adenoviruses for treatment of hormone-independent prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Assessment of the Na/I symporter as a reporter gene to visualize oncolytic adenovirus propagation in peritoneal tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37:1377-85. [PMID: 20140612 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo imaging of the spread of oncolytic viruses using the Na/I symporter (NIS) has been proposed. Here, we assessed whether the presence of NIS in the viral genome affects the therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic adenovirus dl922-947 following intraperitoneal administration, in a mouse model of peritoneal ovarian carcinoma. METHODS We generated AdAM7, a dl922-947 oncolytic adenovirus encoding the NIS coding sequence. Iodide uptake, NIS expression, infectivity and cell-killing activity of AdAM7, as well as that of relevant controls, were determined in vitro. In vivo, the propagation of this virus in the peritoneal cavity of tumour-bearing mice was determined using SPECT/CT imaging and its therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS In vitro infection of ovarian carcinoma IGROV-1 cells with ADAM7 led to functional expression of NIS. However, the insertion of NIS into the viral genome resulted in a loss of efficacy of the virus in terms of replication and cytotoxicity. In vivo, on SPECT/CT imaging AdAM7 was only detectable in the peritoneal cavity of animals bearing peritoneal ovarian tumours for up to 5 days after intraperitoneal administration. Therapeutic experiments in vivo demonstrated that AdAM7 is as potent as its NIS-negative counterpart. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that despite the detrimental effect observed in vitro, insertion of the reporter gene NIS in an oncolytic adenovirus did not affect its therapeutic efficacy in vivo. We conclude that NIS is a highly relevant reporter gene to monitor the fate of oncolytic adenovectors in live subjects.
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Jiang H, Gomez-Manzano C, Lang FF, Alemany R, Fueyo J. Oncolytic adenovirus: preclinical and clinical studies in patients with human malignant gliomas. Curr Gene Ther 2010; 9:422-7. [PMID: 19860656 DOI: 10.2174/156652309789753356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are emerging as a promising alternative therapy for glioma patients and are currently being tested in clinic. In this review, we summarize our experience with gene-based therapy targeting RB pathway in gliomas. Our study has evolved from the development of RB-expressing adenoviral vectors to the characterization of the oncolytic effects on gliomas of the replication competent adenoviruses Delta-24, Delta-24-RGD and ICOVIR. We also review the successful combination of the viruses with chemotherapies that are routinely used in glioma patients, the efficacy of Delta-24-RGD against brain tumor stem cells, the newly described adenovirus-induced autophagy and the potential for the systemic delivery of the oncolytic viruses with human mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we comment on the preclinical and clinical studies of p53 expressing adenoviral vector and the lessons learned from the experience of Onyx-015, the first oncolytic adenovirus tested in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA.
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24
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Oberg D, Yanover E, Adam V, Sweeney K, Costas C, Lemoine NR, Halldén G. Improved potency and selectivity of an oncolytic E1ACR2 and E1B19K deleted adenoviral mutant in prostate and pancreatic cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:541-53. [PMID: 20068104 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses are a promising class of tumor-targeting agents with proven safety in hundreds of patients. However, clinical responses have been limited and viral mutants with higher potency are needed. Here, we report on the generation of a novel set of mutants with improved efficacy in prostate and pancreatic carcinoma models. Currently, no curative treatments are available for late-stage metastatic prostate or rapidly progressing pancreatic cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Adenovirus type 5 mutants were created with deletions in the E1ACR2 region for tumor selectivity and/or the E1B19K gene for attenuated replication in vivo; all constructs retain the E3 genes intact. Cell-killing efficacy, replication, and cytotoxicity in combination with chemotherapeutics were investigated in normal cells (PrEC and NHBE), seven carcinoma cell lines, and human (PC3 and DU145) and murine (TRAMPC, CMT-64, and CMT-93) tumor models in vivo. RESULTS The double-deleted AdDeltaDelta (DeltaE1ACR2 and DeltaE1B19K) mutant had high cell-killing activity in prostate, pancreatic, and lung carcinomas. Replication was similar to wild-type in all tumor cells and was attenuated in normal cells to levels less than the single-deleted AdDeltaCR2 mutant. AdDeltaDelta combined with the chemotherapeutics docetaxel and mitoxantrone resulted in synergistically enhanced cell killing and greatly improved antitumor efficacy in prostate xenografts in vivo. In murine immunocompetent in vivo models efficacy was greater for mutants with the E3B genes intact even in the absence of viral replication, indicating attenuated macrophage-dependent clearance. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the novel oncolytic mutant AdDeltaDelta is a promising candidate for targeting of solid tumors specifically in combination with chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oberg
- Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Peerlinck I, Merron A, Baril P, Conchon S, Martin-Duque P, Hindorf C, Burnet J, Quintanilla M, Hingorani M, Iggo R, Lemoine NR, Harrington K, Vassaux G. Targeted radionuclide therapy using a Wnt-targeted replicating adenovirus encoding the Na/I symporter. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6595-601. [PMID: 19861465 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Na/I symporter (hNIS) promotes concentration of iodine in cells. In cancer gene therapy, this transgene has potential as a reporter gene for molecular imaging of viral biodistribution and as a therapeutic protein promoting (131)I-mediated radiotherapy. Here, we combined the imaging and therapeutic potential of hNIS in an oncolytic adenoviruses targeting colorectal cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We generated an adenovirus (AdIP2) encoding hNIS and capable of selective replication in colorectal carcinoma cells. The selectivity of this virus was verified in vitro and in vivo. Its spread in tumors was monitored in vivo using single-photon emission computed tomography/CT imaging upon (99m)TcO(4)(-) injection and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Metabolic radiotherapy was done through injection of therapeutic doses of (131)I(-). RESULTS We showed in vitro and in vivo the selectivity of AdIP2 and that hNIS expression is restricted to the target cells. Imaging and immunohistochemical data showed that viral spread is limited and that the point of maximal hNIS expression is reached 48 hours after a single intratumoral injection. Administration of a single therapeutic dose of (131)I at this time point led to a dramatic reduction in tumor size not observed in hNIS-negative viruses. CONCLUSIONS This report showed for the first time that the combination of the imaging and therapeutic potentials of hNIS can be applied to oncolytic adenoviruses in experimental models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Peerlinck
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Cancer gene therapy is based on the transfer of genetic material to cancer cells to modify a normal or abnormal cellular function, or to induce cell death. Modified viruses or stem cells have been used as carriers to transfer the genetic material to cancer cells avoiding trafficking through normal cells. However, although the current vectors have been successful in delivering genes in vitro and in vivo, little has been achieved with human cerebral gliomas. Poor transduction efficiency of viruses in human glioma cells and limited spread and distribution to the tumor limits our current expectations for successful gene therapy of central nervous system cancer until and if effective transfer vehicles are available. Nevertheless, continuing research in better vector development may overcome these limitations and offer a therapeutic advantage over the standard therapies for glioma.
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Parker JN, Bauer DF, Cody JJ, Markert JM. Oncolytic viral therapy of malignant glioma. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:558-69. [PMID: 19560745 PMCID: PMC3980727 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches to treatment of malignant glioma, the most frequently occurring primary brain tumor, have included the use of a wide range of oncolytic viral vectors. These vectors, either naturally tumor-selective, or engineered as such, have shown promise in the handful of phase I and phase II clinical trials conducted in recent years. The strategies developed for each of the different viruses currently being studied and the history of their development are summarized here. In addition, the results of clinical trials in patients and their implication for future trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nuss Parker
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294 Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David F. Bauer
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294 Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James J. Cody
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294 Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James M. Markert
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294 Birmingham, Alabama
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28
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Peerlinck I, Amini-Nik S, Phillips RK, Iggo R, Lemoine NR, Tejpar S, Vassaux G. Therapeutic potential of replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses on cells from familial and sporadic desmoid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6187-92. [PMID: 18829497 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of many cancers and has been associated with familial and sporadic desmoid tumors. The aim of the present study is to assess the therapeutic potential of oncolytic adenoviruses selectively replicating in cells in which the Wnt signaling pathway is active on primary cells from desmoid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Primary cells extracted from familial (n = 3) or sporadic (n = 3) desmoid tumors were cultured short term. Cancer cell survival and viral replication were measured in vitro upon infection with two different oncolytic adenoviruses targeting a constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Adenoviral infectivity was also assessed. RESULTS Although cells extracted from one sporadic desmoid tumor responded very well to the oncolytic action of the adenoviruses (<20% of viable cells upon infection at a multiplicity of infection of 10), cells from two tumor samples were totally resistant to the viral action. Cells from the remaining samples showed intermediate sensitivity to the oncolytic viruses. These effects were correlated to the level of infectivity of the cells. Finally, in responder cells, evidences of viral replication was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data suggest that the response of desmoid tumor cells to oncolytic adenovirus is neither correlated to the type of mutation activating the Wnt signaling pathway nor to the familial or sporadic nature of the tumor. In addition, they highlight the variability of infectivity of individual tumors and predict a great variability in the response to oncolytic adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Peerlinck
- Institute of Cancer and the CR-UK Clinical Centre, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Ulasov IV, Tyler MA, Rivera AA, Nettlebeck DM, Douglas JT, Lesniak MS. Evaluation of E1A double mutant oncolytic adenovectors in anti-glioma gene therapy. J Med Virol 2008; 80:1595-603. [PMID: 18649343 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Malignant glioma, in particular glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), represents one of the most devastating cancers currently known and existing treatment regimens do little to change patient prognosis. Conditionally replicating adenoviral vectors (CRAds) represent attractive experimental anti-cancer agents with potential for clinical application. However, early protein products of the wild type adenovirus backbone--such as E1A--limit CRAds' replicative specificity. In this study, we evaluated the oncolytic potency and specificity of CRAds in which p300/CPB and/or pRb binding capacities of E1A were ablated to reduce non-specific replicative cytolysis. In vitro cytopathic assays, quantitative PCR analysis, Western blot, and flow cytometry studies demonstrate the superior anti-glioma efficacy of a double-mutated CRAd, Ad2/24CMV, which harbors mutations that reduce E1A binding to p300/CPB and pRb. When compared to its single-mutated and wild type counterparts, Ad2/24CMV demonstrated attenuated replication and cytotoxicity in representative normal human brain while displaying enhanced replicative cytotoxicity in malignant glioma. These results have implications for the development of double-mutated CRAd vectors for enhanced GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Feun L, Savaraj N. Topoisomerase I inhibitors for the treatment of brain tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2008; 8:707-16. [PMID: 18471044 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.5.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with primary malignant brain tumors have a poor prognosis. Standard treatment includes surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Topoisomerase I inhibitors such as topotecan and irinotecan (CPT-11) represent one class of chemotherapy drugs that have been used in this disease. Recent clinical trials have shown major antitumor activity in recurrent glioblastoma when adding the antiangiogenesis drug bevacizumab with CPT-11. The combination of targeted agents to topoisomerase I inhibitors represent a novel and promising approach. This review will summarize clinical trials with topoisomerase I inhibitors and discuss new treatment strategies for primary malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Feun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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31
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Selznick LA, Shamji MF, Fecci P, Gromeier M, Friedman AH, Sampson J. Molecular strategies for the treatment of malignant glioma--genes, viruses, and vaccines. Neurosurg Rev 2008; 31:141-55; discussion 155. [PMID: 18259789 PMCID: PMC3418803 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-008-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The standard treatment paradigm of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy for malignant gliomas has only a modest effect on survival. It is well emphasized in the literature that despite aggressive multimodal therapy, most patients survive approximately 1 year after diagnosis, and less than 10% survive beyond 2 years. This dismal prognosis provides the impetus for ongoing investigations in search of improved therapeutics. Standard multimodal therapy has largely reached a plateau in terms of effectiveness, and there is now a growing body of literature on novel molecular approaches for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and immunotherapy are the major investigational approaches that have demonstrated promise in preclinical and early clinical studies. These new molecular technologies each have distinct advantages and limitations, and none has yet demonstrated a significant survival benefit in a phase II or III clinical trial. Molecular approaches may not lead to the discovery of a "magic bullet" for these aggressive tumors, but they may ultimately prove synergistic with more conventional approaches and lead to a broadening of the multimodal approach that is the current standard of care. This review will discuss the scientific background, therapeutic potential, and clinical limitations of these novel strategies with a focus on those that have made it to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Selznick
- Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mohammed F. Shamji
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- 2616 Erwin Road, #1416, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Peter Fecci
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthias Gromeier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan H. Friedman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Sampson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Delta-24-RGD in combination with RAD001 induces enhanced anti-glioma effect via autophagic cell death. Mol Ther 2008; 16:487-93. [PMID: 18253154 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies are clearly needed for the treatment of gliomas, and strategies that involve combining oncolytic vectors with chemotherapy hold out significant hope for a more effective treatment of this malignancy. Whether chemotherapy acts directly on tumor cells by inducing cell arrest or cell death, or indirectly by blocking tumor angiogenesis, the resulting delay in tumor growth may provide the oncolytic virus with a wider window of opportunity to overcome the challenge imposed by the growth kinetics of the tumor. In this study we sought to determine whether the oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD, in combination with everolimus (RAD001), would result in an enhanced anti-glioma effect in vivo. Viability assays showed that Delta-24-RGD antitumoral activity is synergistically enhanced by combination with RAD001. Interestingly, combination treatment of Delta-24-RGD with RAD001 induced autophagy in vitro. We showed that Delta-24-RGD improved survival of tumor-bearing animals in a dose-dependent manner. A significant finding was that RAD001 enhanced the anti-glioma effect of Delta-24-RGD and resulted in the long-term survival of 80% of the experimental animals. Immunostaining of the treated tumors showed upregulation of Atg5, thereby indicating the therapeutic induction of autophagy. This is the first report showing that Delta-24-RGD plus RAD001 causes autophagic cell death, and dramatically increases long-term survival rates of glioma-bearing animals.
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Cheong SC, Wang Y, Meng JH, Hill R, Sweeney K, Kirn D, Lemoine NR, Halldén G. E1A-expressing adenoviral E3B mutants act synergistically with chemotherapeutics in immunocompetent tumor models. Cancer Gene Ther 2007; 15:40-50. [PMID: 18034197 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of clinical trials evaluating replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses utilized mutants with immunomodulatory E3B genes deleted, likely contributing to the attenuated efficacy. We investigated whether an intact immune response could contribute to the observed improved efficacy in response to combinations with chemotherapeutics. Seven carcinoma cell lines were evaluated by combining viral mutants; dl309 (DeltaE3B), dl704 (DeltaE3gp19K), dl312 (DeltaE1A) or wild-type Ad5 with the commonly used clinical drugs cisplatin and paclitaxel. Synergistic effects on cell death were determined by generation of combination indexes in cultured cells. In vivo tumor growth inhibition was achieved by virotherapy alone and was most efficacious with wild-type virus and least with the DeltaE3B mutant. Significantly higher efficacy was observed when the viruses were combined with drugs. The greatest enhancement of tumor inhibition was in combination with the DeltaE3B mutant restoring potency to that of Ad5 wild-type levels, observed only in animals with intact immune response. Increases in infectivity, viral gene expression and replication were identified as potential mechanisms contributing to the synergistic effects. Our results suggest that the attenuation of DeltaE3B mutants can be overcome by low doses of chemotherapeutics only in the presence of an intact immune response indicating a role for T-cell-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Cheong
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Oncolytic adenovirus Ad5/3-delta24 and chemotherapy for treatment of orthotopic ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 108:166-72. [PMID: 17950450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncolytic adenoviruses capable of replication selectively in tumor cells are an appealing approach for the treatment of neoplastic diseases refractory to conventional therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dose and scheduling of a tropism-modified, adenovirus serotype 3 receptor-targeted, Rb/p16 pathway-selective replication-competent adenovirus, Ad5/3-delta24, against human ovarian adenocarcinoma. As oncolytic viruses and chemotherapy can have synergistic interactions, the antitumor efficacy of Ad5/3-delta24 was also studied in combination with epirubicin and gemcitabine, common second-line treatment options for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. METHODS Orthotopic murine models of peritoneally disseminated ovarian cancer were utilized to compare survival of mice treated with either a single viral dose or weekly delivery. The lowest effective dose of intraperitoneal Ad5/3-delta24 was determined. Combinations of Ad5/3-delta24 and gemcitabine or epirubicin were studied in vitro as well as in vivo. RESULTS Treatment outcome after administration of a single dose of Ad5/3-delta24 was as effective as delivery of several weekly doses. Our results also demonstrate that a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 viral particles significantly increased the survival of mice compared to untreated animals. Further, combining Ad5/3-delta24 with either gemcitabine or epirubicin resulted in greater therapeutic benefit than either agent alone. CONCLUSION These preclinical data suggest that Ad5/3-delta24 represents a promising treatment strategy for advanced ovarian cancer as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy.
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Cutter JL, Kurozumi K, Chiocca EA, Kaur B. Gene therapeutics: the future of brain tumor therapy? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2006; 6:1053-64. [PMID: 16831077 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.7.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive brain tumor that has no cure. Current treatments include gross resection of the tumor, radiation and chemotherapy. Despite valiant efforts, prognosis remains dismal. A promising new technique involves the use of oncolytic viruses that can specifically replicate and lyse in cancers, without spreading to normal tissues. Currently, these are being tested in relevant preclinical models and clinical trials as a therapeutic modality for many types of cancer. Results from recent clinical trials with oncolytic viruses have revealed the safety of this approach, although evidence for efficacy remains elusive. Oncolytic viral strategies are summarized in this review, with a focus on therapies used in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cutter
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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36
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Wang W, Tai CK, Kershaw AD, Solly SK, Klatzmann D, Kasahara N, Chen TC. Use of replication-competent retroviral vectors in an immunocompetent intracranial glioma model. Neurosurg Focus 2006; 20:E25. [PMID: 16709031 PMCID: PMC8295718 DOI: 10.3171/foc.2006.20.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The authors had previously reported on a replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) that has been demonstrated to be stable, capable of effective transduction, and able to prolong survival in an intracranial tumor model in nude mice. The purpose of this study was further investigation of this gene therapy option. METHODS The transduction efficiency of RCR in RG2, an immunocompetent intracranial tumor model, was tested in Fischer 344 rats. The immune response to the RCR vector was expressed by the quantification of CD4, CD8, and CD11/b in tumors. The pharmaceutical efficacy of the suicide gene CD in converting prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was measured using fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-NMR) spectroscopy. Animal survival data were plotted on Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Finally, the biodistribution of RCR was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of retroviral env gene. There was no evidence of viral transduction in normal brain cells. Neither severe inflammation nor immunoreaction occurred after intracranial injection of RCR-green fluorescent protein compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The 19F-NMR spectroscopy studies demonstrated that RCR-CD was able to convert 5-FC to 5-FU effectively in vitro. The infection of RG2 brain tumors with RCR-CD and their subsequent treatment with 5-FC significantly prolonged survival compared with that in animals with RG2 transduced tumors treated with PBS. In contrast to the nude mouse model, evidence of virus dissemination to the systemic organs after intracranial injection was not detected using RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The RCR-mediated suicide gene therapy described in this paper effectively transduced malignant gliomas in an immunocompetent in vivo rodent model, prolonging survival, without evidence of severe intracranial inflammation, and without local transduction of normal brain cells or systemic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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