1
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Harrington CT, Sotillo E, Dang CV, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Tilting MYC toward cancer cell death. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:982-994. [PMID: 34481764 PMCID: PMC8541926 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MYC oncoprotein promotes cell proliferation and serves as the key driver in many human cancers; therefore, considerable effort has been expended to develop reliable pharmacological methods to suppress its expression or function. Despite impressive progress, MYC-targeting drugs have not reached the clinic. Recent advances suggest that within a limited expression range unique to each tumor, MYC oncoprotein can have a paradoxical, proapoptotic function. Here we introduce a counterintuitive idea that modestly and transiently elevating MYC levels could aid chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and thus benefit the patients as much, if not more than MYC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Harrington
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Khorshied M, Soliman N, Khorshid O, Bakr S. Genetic variations in tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1) gene and the susceptibility to B cell nonhodgkin lymphoma in Egypt. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:451-458. [PMID: 34275891 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer development and progression. TRAIL and its receptors (R1 and R2) are key players in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Genetic alteration or blockade of TRAIL-R1 may alter its apoptotic function, and subsequently provide growth advantage to neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVE to investigate the possible association between -C626G, -A683C and -A1322G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TRAIL-R1 gene and the susceptibility to B-NHL in a cohort of Egyptians. METHODS Genotypic analysis was performed for 100 newly diagnosed B-NHL patients and 150 age and gender matched healthy controls. RESULTS The polymorphic alleles of -C626G and -A1322G conferred almost twofold increased risk of B-NHL (OR = 1.76; 95%CI = 1.01-3.22 and OR = 1.89; 95%CI = 1.01-3.75 respectively). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of TRAIL-R1-A683C alleles/genotypes between B-NHL patients and controls. B-NHL risk increased when -C626G and -A1322G polymorphic genotypes were co-inherited (OR = 3.57; 95%CI = 1.29-9.84). The risk conferred by -C626G SNP increased for DLBCL (OR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.61-7.16). CONCLUSION TRAIL-R1-C626G and -A1322G polymorphisms could be considered as molecular risk factors for B-NHL especially DLBCL. The data provided by the current study constitute an initial millstone towards developing a large-scale dataset for genetic variations that could contribute to lymphomagenesis in Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Khorshied
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nohair Soliman
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola Khorshid
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Bakr
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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3
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Harrington CT, Sotillo E, Robert A, Hayer KE, Bogusz AM, Psathas J, Yu D, Taylor D, Dang CV, Klein PS, Hogarty MD, Geoerger B, El-Deiry WS, Wiels J, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Transient stabilization, rather than inhibition, of MYC amplifies extrinsic apoptosis and therapeutic responses in refractory B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2019; 33:2429-2441. [PMID: 30914792 PMCID: PMC6884148 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of initiating oncogenes is the mainstay of precision medicine. Considerable efforts have been expended toward silencing MYC, which drives many human cancers including Burkitt lymphomas (BL). Yet, the effects of MYC silencing on standard-of-care therapies are poorly understood. Here we found that inhibition of MYC transcription renders B-lymphoblastoid cells refractory to chemotherapeutic agents. This suggested that in the context of chemotherapy, stabilization of Myc protein could be more beneficial than its inactivation. We tested this hypothesis by pharmacologically inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), which normally targets Myc for proteasomal degradation. We discovered that chemorefractory BL cell lines responded better to doxorubicin and other anti-cancer drugs when Myc was transiently stabilized. In vivo, GSK3 inhibitors (GSK3i) enhanced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in BL patient-derived xenografts (BL-PDX), as well as in murine MYC-driven lymphoma allografts. This enhancement was accompanied by and required deregulation of several key genes acting in the extrinsic, death-receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this mechanism of action, GSK3i also facilitated lymphoma cell killing by a death ligand TRAIL and by a death receptor agonist mapatumumab. Thus, GSK3i synergizes with both standard chemotherapeutics and direct engagers of death receptors and could improve outcomes in patients with refractory lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Harrington
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aude Robert
- CNRS UMR 8126, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Katharina E Hayer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Agata M Bogusz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James Psathas
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Duonan Yu
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, China
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter S Klein
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- CNRS UMR 8203, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Joëlle Wiels
- CNRS UMR 8126, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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4
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Ge X, Chen J, Li L, Ding P, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li L, Lv X, Zhou D, Jiang Z, Zeng H, Xu Y, Hou Y, Hu W. Midostaurin potentiates rituximab antitumor activity in Burkitt's lymphoma by inducing apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 10:8. [PMID: 30584254 PMCID: PMC6315025 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An intensive short-term chemotherapy regimen has substantially prolonged the overall survival of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) patients, which has been further improved by addition of rituximab. However, the inevitable development of resistance to rituximab and the toxicity of chemotherapy remain obstacles. We first prepared two BL cell lines resistant to rituximab-mediated CDC. Using a phosphorylation antibody microarray, we revealed that PI3K/AKT pathway contained the most phosphorylated proteins/hits, while apoptosis pathway that may be regulated by PKC displayed the greatest fold enrichment in the resistant cells. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor IPI-145 failed to reverse the resistance. In contrast, the pan-PKC inhibitor midostaurin exhibited potent antitumor activity in both original and resistant cells, alone or in combination with rituximab. Notably, midostaurin promoted apoptosis by reducing the phosphorylation of PKC and consequently of downstream Bad, Bcl-2 and NF-κB. Therefore, midostaurin improved rituximab activity by supplementing pro-apoptotic effects. In vivo, midostaurin alone powerfully prolonged the survival of mice bearing the resistant BL cells compared to rituximab alone treatments. Addition of midostaurin to rituximab led to dramatically improved survival compared to rituximab but not midostaurin monotherapy. Our findings call for further evaluation of midostaurin alone or in combination with rituximab in treating resistant BL in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ge
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengzeng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Naimi A, Movassaghpour AA, Hagh MF, Talebi M, Entezari A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Solali S. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as the potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:566-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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6
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Alcaraz-Serna A, Somovilla-Crespo B, Muñoz-Calleja C. Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Not Just Lineage-Specific Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1936. [PMID: 29387053 PMCID: PMC5776327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a widespread and necessary tool for biomedical science. In the hematological cancer field, since rituximab became the first mAb approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, a number of effective mAbs targeting lineage-specific antigens (LSAs) have been successfully developed. Non-LSAs (NLSAs) are molecules that are not restricted to specific leukocyte subsets or tissues but play relevant pathogenic roles in blood cancers including the development, proliferation, survival, and refractoriness to therapy of tumor cells. In consequence, efforts to target NLSAs have resulted in a plethora of mAbs-marketed or in development-to achieve different goals like neutralizing oncogenic pathways, blocking tumor-related chemotactic pathways, mobilizing malignant cells from tumor microenvironment to peripheral blood, modulating immune-checkpoints, or delivering cytotoxic drugs into tumor cells. Here, we extensively review several novel mAbs directed against NLSAs undergoing clinical evaluation for treating hematological malignancies. The review focuses on the structure of these antibodies, proposed mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety profile in clinical studies, and their potential applications in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaraz-Serna
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Rituximab response in follicular lymphoma is associated with the rs20575 polymorphism in TRAILR1 extrinsic apoptosis trigger. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2017; 27:70-77. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Safdari Y, Ahmadzadeh V, Farajnia S. CD20-targeting in B-cell malignancies: novel prospects for antibodies and combination therapies. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:497-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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van Roosmalen IAM, Quax WJ, Kruyt FAE. Two death-inducing human TRAIL receptors to target in cancer: similar or distinct regulation and function? Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:447-56. [PMID: 25150214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence during evolution of two tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, receptor-1/DR4 and -2/DR5, able to induce apoptosis has raised the question whether they differ in function and regulation, which is of key importance for selecting either DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agents for cancer treatment. In this review we found practically no information regarding possible differences in DR4 and DR5 function based on structural differences. On the other hand, a panel of different DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agonists have been developed that were explored for efficacy in different tumour types in a large number of studies. Leukemic cells appear mainly sensitive for DR4-induced apoptosis, contrasting the situation in other tumour types that show heterogeneity in receptor preference and, in some cases, a slight overall preference for DR5. Both receptors were found to mediate intracellular stress-induced apoptosis, although this is most frequently reported for DR5. Interestingly, DR5 was also found to transmit non-apoptotic signalling in resistant tumour cells and recently nuclear localization and a role in microRNA maturation has been described. DR4 expression is most heavily regulated by promoter methylation, intracellular trafficking and post-translational modifications. DR5 expression is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level, which may reflect its ability to respond to cellular stressors. It will be important to further increase our understanding of the mechanisms determining TRAIL receptor preference in order to select the appropriate TRAIL receptor selective agonists for therapy, and to develop novel strategies to enhance apoptosis activation in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A M van Roosmalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Holland PM. Death receptor agonist therapies for cancer, which is the right TRAIL? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 25:185-93. [PMID: 24418173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The activation of cell-surface death receptors represents an attractive therapeutic strategy to promote apoptosis of tumor cells. Several investigational therapeutics that target this extrinsic pathway, including recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL and monoclonal agonist antibodies directed against death receptors-4 (DR4) or -5 (DR5), have been evaluated in the clinic. Although Phase 1/1b studies provided encouraging preliminary results, findings from randomized Phase 2 studies failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefit. This has raised multiple questions as to why pre-clinical data were not predictive of clinical response. Results from clinical studies and insight into why current agents have failed to yield robust responses are discussed. In addition, new strategies for the development of next generation death receptor agonists are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Holland
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
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11
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Association of polymorphisms in TRAIL1 and TRAILR1 genes with susceptibility to lymphomas. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:243-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Targeting of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily for cancer immunotherapy. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2013; 2013:371854. [PMID: 23840967 PMCID: PMC3693168 DOI: 10.1155/2013/371854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand and cognate TNF receptor superfamilies constitute an important regulatory axis that is pivotal for immune homeostasis and correct execution of immune responses. TNF ligands and receptors are involved in diverse biological processes ranging from the selective induction of cell death in potentially dangerous and superfluous cells to providing costimulatory signals that help mount an effective immune response. This diverse and important regulatory role in immunity has sparked great interest in the development of TNFL/TNFR-targeted cancer immunotherapeutics. In this review, I will discuss the biology of the most prominent proapoptotic and co-stimulatory TNF ligands and review their current status in cancer immunotherapy.
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13
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Robak T. Emerging monoclonal antibodies and related agents for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Future Oncol 2013; 9:69-91. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) – rituximab, ofatumumab and alemtuzumab – have been approved for use in the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Recently, a new generation of anti-CD20 mAbs has become available for preclinical studies and clinical trials. These antibodies were engineered to have augmented antitumor activity by increasing complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and Fc-binding affinity for the low-affinity variants of the Fcγ receptor IIIa. The most promising mAb directed against CD20 is obinutuzumab (GA-101). mAbs directed against CD22, CD37 and CD40 have also shown some activity in CLL. In addition, small modular immunopharmaceuticals – TRU-015 (anti-CD20) and TRU-016 (anti-CD37) – that retain Fc-mediated effector functions have been developed and investigated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Antibody–drug conjugates and recombinant immunotoxins are also being evaluated in lymphoid malignancies. Further studies will elucidate the role of these agents in the treatment of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Ul. Ciolkowskiego 2, Poland and Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-510 Lodz, Ul. Ciolkowskiego 2, Poland
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14
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Neve A, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in rheumatoid arthritis: what's new? Clin Exp Med 2012; 14:115-20. [PMID: 23275079 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a type II transmembrane protein of the TNF superfamily that serves as an extracellular signal that triggers programmed cell death in tumor cells, without affecting normal cells. Recently, scientists have turned their attention to the emerging role of TRAIL in immune and autoimmune responses. TRAIL has been shown to down-regulate the self-antigens in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by exerting its apoptotic effect on activated T cells and synoviocytes and by its local anti-inflammatory effect. The impact of TRAIL molecular variants and agonistic monoclonal antibodies in the regulation of TRAIL activity in arthritis animal models strongly supports the idea of testing the role of TRAIL in humans, with the aim of developing new effective therapies that promote apoptosis of synoviocytes and/or infiltrating lymphocytes, by targeting TRAIL. The aim of this review is to summarize recent progress and current knowledge of TRAIL functions in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neve
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia, Ospedale "Col. D'Avanzo", V.le degli Aviatori 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
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15
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Yan C, Li S, Li Z, Peng H, Yuan X, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Fan D, Hu X, Yang M, Xiong D. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Vehicles of CD20-Specific TRAIL Fusion Protein Delivery: A Double-Target Therapy against Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:142-51. [PMID: 23121392 DOI: 10.1021/mp300261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cihui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy Center,
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin
300060, P. R. China
| | - Shuangjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
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Morales-Lara MJ, Cañete JD, Torres-Moreno D, Hernández MV, Pedrero F, Celis R, García-Simón MS, Conesa-Zamora P. Effects of polymorphisms in TRAILR1 and TNFR1A on the response to anti-TNF therapies in patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79:591-6. [PMID: 22480748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effets des polymorphismes des gènes TRAILR1 et TNFR1A sur la réponse au traitement anti-TNF chez les patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde et de rhumatisme psoriasique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rhum.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Song X, Kim SY, Lee YJ. The role of Bcl-xL in synergistic induction of apoptosis by mapatumumab and oxaliplatin in combination with hyperthermia on human colon cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1567-79. [PMID: 23051936 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0209-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. The main cause of death because of colorectal cancer is hepatic metastases, which can be treated using isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP), allowing treatment of colorectal metastasis with various methods. In this study, we present a novel potent multimodality strategy comprising humanized death receptor 4 (DR4) antibody mapatumumab in combination with oxaliplatin and hyperthermia to treat human colon cancer cells. Oxaliplatin and hyperthermia sensitized colon cancer cells to mapatumumab in the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to Bcl-xL phosphorylation at serine 62 in a c-jun-NH2-kinase (JNK)-dependent manner. Overexpression of Bcl-xL reduced the efficacy of the multimodality treatment, whereas phosphorylation of Bcl-xL decreased its antiapoptotic activity. The multimodality treatment dissociated Bcl-xL from Bax, allowing Bax oligomerization to induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In addition, the multimodality treatment significantly inhibited colorectal cancer xenografts' tumor growth. The successful outcome of this study will support the application of multimodality strategy to colorectal hepatic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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19
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Czuczman MS, Leonard JP, Jung S, Johnson JL, Hsi ED, Byrd JC, Cheson BD. Phase II trial of galiximab (anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody) plus rituximab (CALGB 50402): Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score is predictive of upfront immunotherapy responsiveness. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2356-2362. [PMID: 22357442 PMCID: PMC5808680 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase II CALGB trial evaluated the activity and safety of an extended induction schedule of galiximab (G) plus rituximab (R) in untreated follicular lymphoma (FL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated FL (grades 1, 2, 3a) received 4 weekly infusions of G + R, followed by an additional dose every 2 months four times. International Workshop Response Criteria were used to evaluate response. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were treated and antibody infusions were well tolerated. The overall response rate (ORR) is 72.1% (95% confidence interval 59.2% to 82.9%): 47.6% complete response (CR)/unconfirmed complete response (CRu) and 24.6% partial response. At a median follow-up time of 4.3 years (range, 0.3-5.3 years) median progression-free survival (PFS) is 2.9 years. Notably, Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) correlated with ORR, CR rate, and PFS, and the low-risk FLIPI group (n = 12) achieved a 92% ORR, 75% CR/CRu rate, and 75% 3-year PFS. CONCLUSIONS An extended induction schedule of G + R in previously untreated FL is well tolerated and appears particularly efficacious in those patients with low-risk FLIPI scores. In addition, this trial served as the initial platform for additional CALGB 'doublet' combination regimes of rituximab plus other novel targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J P Leonard
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - S Jung
- CALGB Statistical Office, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - J L Johnson
- CALGB Statistical Office, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - E D Hsi
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - J C Byrd
- The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - B D Cheson
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, USA
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Derby L, Czuczman MS. Update on novel monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders. Future Oncol 2011; 7:963-79. [PMID: 21823892 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 1997 was pivotal in lymphoma research, as it was the year that the US FDA approved rituximab. Rituximab significantly altered clinical management and outcomes of patients with B-cell malignancies. Despite a high initial response rate, the majority of patients subsequently develop variable degrees of therapeutic resistance to rituximab. Research attempting to understand the mechanisms of rituximab resistance and potential ways to overcome them has given rise to the development of novel targeted immunotherapeutics. This article will update the readers on advances in bioengineering of monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates that target CD20, as well as other surface antigens. Some additional novel immunotherapeutics, including small modular immunopharmaceuticals, bispecific monoclonal antibodies, T-cell engaging antibodies and immunoconjugates, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla Derby
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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21
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Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a general approach for specifically targeting and treating human disease. In oncology, the therapeutic utility of mAbs is usually evaluated in the context of treatment with standard of care, as well as other small molecule targeted therapies. Many anti-cancer antibody modalities have achieved validation, including the targeting of growth factor and angiogenesis pathways, the induction of tumor cell killing or apoptosis, and the blocking of immune inhibitory mechanisms to stimulate anti-tumor responses. But, as with other targeted therapies, few antibodies are curative because of biological complexities that underlie tumor formation and redundancies in molecular pathways that enable tumors to adapt and show resistance to treatment. This review discusses the combinations of antibody therapeutics that are emerging to improve efficacy and durability within a specific biological mechanism (e.g., immunomodulation or the inhibition of angiogenesis) and across multiple biological pathways (e.g., inhibition of tumor growth and induction of tumor cell apoptosis).
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22
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Droin N, Guéry L, Benikhlef N, Solary E. Targeting apoptosis proteins in hematological malignancies. Cancer Lett 2011; 332:325-34. [PMID: 21767908 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The apoptotic machinery plays a key role in hematopoietic cell homeostasis. Terminally differentiated cells are eliminated, at least in part, by apoptosis, whereas part of the apoptotic machinery, including one or several caspases, is required to go through very specific steps of the differentiation pathways. A number of hematological diseases involve a deregulation of this machinery, which in most cases is a decrease in cell sensitivity to pro-apoptotic signals through over-expression of anti-apoptotic molecules. In some situations however, e.g. in the erythroid lineage of low grade myelodysplastic syndromes, cell sensitivity to apoptosis is increased in a death receptor-dependent manner and cell death pathways are inhibited only when these diseases progress into high grade and acute leukemia. Therapeutic strategies targeting the apoptotic machinery specifically block cell death inhibitors that are over-expressed in transformed cells, mainly Bcl-2-related proteins and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs). Another strategy is the activation of the extrinsic pathway to apoptosis, mainly through the death receptor agonist Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) or agonistic antibodies targeting TRAIL receptors. The use of inhibitors of death receptors could make sense when these receptors are involved in excessive cell death or activation of survival pathways. Most of the drugs targeting apoptotic pathways introduced in clinics have demonstrated their tolerability. Their efficacy, either alone or in combination with other drugs such as demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors, is currently tested in both myeloid and lymphoid hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Droin
- Inserm UMR 1009, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud 11, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
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23
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van Meerten T, Hagenbeek A. Novel antibodies against follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2011; 24:231-56. [PMID: 21658621 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of patients with follicular B-cell lymphoma. With the combination of chemotherapy and rituximab the overall survival rate has increased with approximately 30%. Unfortunately, there is resistance to rituximab with relapse of the disease in about 60% of the patients during the first five years of treatment and eventually in all patients. To this end, there is a need to develop improved anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and antibodies that target other attractive molecules expressed on the follicular lymphoma cell. This review describes the development and clinical achievements so far of next generation anti-CD20 and other antibodies in the treatment of follicular B-cell lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/classification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Animal
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Monoclonal antibodies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: state of the art and perspectives. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2010:428253. [PMID: 21437222 PMCID: PMC3061293 DOI: 10.1155/2010/428253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have been the most successful therapeutics ever brought to cancer treatment by immune technologies. The use of monoclonal antibodies in B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) represents the greatest example of these advances, as the introduction of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has had a dramatic impact on how we treat this group of diseases today. Despite this success, several questions about how to optimize the use of monoclonal antibodies in NHL remain open. The best administration schedules, as well as the optimal duration of rituximab treatment, have yet to be determined. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms underlying resistance to rituximab is also necessary in order to improve the activity of this and of similar therapeutics. Finally, new antibodies and biological agents are entering the scene and their advantages over rituximab will have to be assessed. We will discuss these issues and present an overview of the most significant clinical studies with monoclonal antibodies for NHL treatment carried out to date.
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25
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Reactive oxygen species is essential for cycloheximide to sensitize lexatumumab-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16966. [PMID: 21347335 PMCID: PMC3037406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate apoptosis induced by lexatumumab (Lexa) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We assessed the sensitivity of HCC cell lines and normal human hepatocytes to Lexa and explored the sensitization of HCC cells to Lexa-induced apoptosis by cycloheximide (CHX). Our data indicated that CHX sensitized HCC cell lines to Lexa-induced apoptosis, whereas treatment using solely CHX or Lexa was ineffective. The sequential treatment of CHX followed by Lexa dramatically induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCC cells and had synergistically increased intracellular rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, when ROS production was blocked by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), HCC cells were protected against Lexa and CHX combination treatment-induced apoptosis. ROS generation induced by combination treatment of Lexa and CHX triggered pro-apoptotic protein Bax oligomerization, conformation change, and translocation to mitochondria, which resulted in the release of cytochrome c and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, HSP90 was involved in mediating Lexa and CHX combination treatment-induced ROS increase and apoptotic death. More importantly, we observed that combination treatment of Lexa and CHX did not cause apoptotic toxicity in normal human primary hepatocytes. These results suggest that Lexa and CHX combination treatment merits investigation for the development of therapies for patients with HCC.
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26
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Zhao X, Cao M, Liu JJ, Zhu H, Nelson DR, Liu C. Reactive Oxygen Species Is Essential for Cycloheximide to Sensitize Lexatumumab-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16966. [DOI: doi10.1371/journal.pone.0016966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
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27
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Younes A, Vose JM, Zelenetz AD, Smith MR, Burris HA, Ansell SM, Klein J, Halpern W, Miceli R, Kumm E, Fox NL, Czuczman MS. A Phase 1b/2 trial of mapatumumab in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1783-7. [PMID: 21081929 PMCID: PMC3008610 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We conducted a multicentre Phase 1b/2 trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mapatumumab, a fully human agonistic monoclonal antibody to the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Methods: Forty patients with relapsed or refractory NHL were treated with either 3 or 10 mg kg−1 mapatumumab every 21 days. In the absence of disease progression or prohibitive toxicity, patients received a maximum of six doses. Results: Mapatumumab was well tolerated, with no patients experiencing drug-related hepatic or other dose-limiting toxicity. Three patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) experienced clinical responses, including two with a complete response and one with a partial response. Immunohistochemistry staining of the TRAIL-R1 suggested that strong staining in tumour specimens did not appear to be a requirement for mapatumumab activity in FL. Conclusions: Mapatumumab is safe and has promising clinical activity in patients with FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Younes
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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28
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Chao MP, Alizadeh AA, Tang C, Myklebust JH, Varghese B, Gill S, Jan M, Cha AC, Chan CK, Tan BT, Park CY, Zhao F, Kohrt HE, Malumbres R, Briones J, Gascoyne RD, Lossos IS, Levy R, Weissman IL, Majeti R. Anti-CD47 antibody synergizes with rituximab to promote phagocytosis and eradicate non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cell 2010; 142:699-713. [PMID: 20813259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 837] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are standard therapeutics for several cancers including the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab and other antibodies are not curative and must be combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy for clinical benefit. Here we report the eradication of human NHL solely with a monoclonal antibody therapy combining rituximab with a blocking anti-CD47 antibody. We identified increased expression of CD47 on human NHL cells and determined that higher CD47 expression independently predicted adverse clinical outcomes in multiple NHL subtypes. Blocking anti-CD47 antibodies preferentially enabled phagocytosis of NHL cells and synergized with rituximab. Treatment of human NHL-engrafted mice with anti-CD47 antibody reduced lymphoma burden and improved survival, while combination treatment with rituximab led to elimination of lymphoma and cure. These antibodies synergized through a mechanism combining Fc receptor (FcR)-dependent and FcR-independent stimulation of phagocytosis that might be applicable to many other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Cancer Center, and Ludwig Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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29
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Fox NL, Humphreys R, Luster TA, Klein J, Gallant G. Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) Receptor-1 and Receptor-2 agonists for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1-18. [PMID: 19857186 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903319656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Agents that activate the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, have attracted substantial attention and investment as potential anti-cancer therapies. Preclinical studies of TRAIL-R agonists indicate that they may be efficacious in a wide range of tumor types, especially when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The rationale for clinical development of TRAIL-R agonists is described, including the basis for combining these agents with other agents that modulate the 'checks and balances' of the apoptotic pathways. Accruing data that highlight differences between TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 that could affect the clinical significance of their specific agonists are described. The clinical experience to date with each of the agonists is summarized. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an understanding of the rationale for the clinical development of TRAIL-R agonists, as well as the current status of clinical trials of these interesting new agents. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Ongoing clinical trials will provide important information regarding the future development of TRAIL-R agonists.
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30
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Multiple signaling pathways induced by hexavalent, monospecific, anti-CD20 and hexavalent, bispecific, anti-CD20/CD22 humanized antibodies correlate with enhanced toxicity to B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Blood 2010; 116:3258-67. [PMID: 20628151 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-276857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated hexavalent antibodies (HexAbs) comprising 6 Fabs tethered to one Fc of human IgG1. Three such constructs, 20-20, a monospecific HexAb comprising 6 Fabs of veltuzumab (humanized anti-CD20 immunoglobulin G1κ [IgG1κ]), 20-22, a bispecific HexAb comprising veltuzumab and 4 Fabs of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 IgG1κ), and 22-20, a bispecific HexAb comprising epratuzumab and 4 Fabs of veltuzumab, were previously shown to inhibit pro-liferation of several lymphoma cell lines at nanomolar concentrations in the absence of a crosslinking antibody. We now report an in-depth analysis of the apoptotic and survival signals induced by the 3 HexAbs in Burkitt lymphomas and provide in vitro cytotoxicity data for additional lymphoma cell lines and also chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient specimens. Among the key findings are the significant increase in the levels of phosphorylated p38 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) by all 3 HexAbs and the notable differences in the signaling events triggered by the HexAbs from those incurred by crosslinking veltuzumab or rituximab with a secondary antibody. Thus, the greatly enhanced direct toxicity of these HexAbs correlates with their ability to alter the basal expression of various intracellular proteins involved in regulating cell growth, survival, and apoptosis, with the net outcome leading to cell death.
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31
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Cillessen SAGM, Meijer CJLM, Notoya M, Ossenkoppele GJ, Oudejans JJ. Molecular targeted therapies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on apoptosis profiles. J Pathol 2010; 220:509-20. [PMID: 20087881 DOI: 10.1002/path.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is treated with chemotherapy in combination with rituximab. Despite this aggressive therapy, the disease is fatal in 30-40% of patients. Inhibition of the apoptosis signalling pathways is strongly related to response to chemotherapy and eventual clinical outcome. In order to survive, lymphoma cells depend on disruption of the apoptosis pathway by mutations in apoptosis inducing genes or by continuous expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. The development of molecules targeting these apoptosis inhibitors provides a very promising opportunity to specifically target tumour cells without toxicity to non-malignant cells in DLBCL patients. Sensitivity for most of these antagonists can be predicted based on biological markers, suggesting the possibility of pre-defining patients who will most likely benefit from these targeted therapies. Experimental therapies aimed at restoring the upstream apoptosis pathway or targeting apoptosis inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials and are expected to be effective particularly in chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL, providing hope for patients who are refractory to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A G M Cillessen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Wiezorek J, Holland P, Graves J. Death receptor agonists as a targeted therapy for cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1701-8. [PMID: 20197482 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is integral to normal, physiologic processes that regulate cell number and results in the removal of unnecessary or damaged cells. Apoptosis is frequently dysregulated in human cancers, and recent advancements in our understanding of the regulation of programmed cell death pathways has led to the development of novel agents to reactivate apoptosis in malignant cells. The activation of cell surface death receptors by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) and death receptor agonists represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to promote apoptosis of tumor cells through the activation of the extrinsic pathway. The observation that Apo2L/TRAIL can eliminate tumor cells preferentially over normal cells has resulted in several potential therapeutics that exploit the extrinsic pathway, in particular, the soluble recombinant human (rh)Apo2L/TRAIL protein and agonist monoclonal antibodies that target death receptors 4 or 5. Many of these agents are currently being evaluated in phase 1 or 2 trials, either as a single agent or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy or other targeted agents. The opportunities and challenges associated with the development of death receptor agonists as cancer therapeutics, the status of ongoing clinical evaluations, and the progress toward identifying predictive biomarkers for patient selection and pharmacodynamic markers of response are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wiezorek
- Department of Global Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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33
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Kuijlen JMA, Bremer E, Mooij JJA, den Dunnen WFA, Helfrich W. Review: on TRAIL for malignant glioma therapy? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010; 36:168-82. [PMID: 20102513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating cancer with a median survival of around 15 months. Significant advances in treatment have not been achieved yet, even with a host of new therapeutics under investigation. Therefore, the quest for a cure for GBM remains as intense as ever. Of particular interest for GBM therapy is the selective induction of apoptosis using the pro-apoptotic tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL signals apoptosis via its two agonistic receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. TRAIL is normally present as homotrimeric transmembrane protein, but can also be processed into a soluble trimeric form (sTRAIL). Recombinant sTRAIL has strong tumouricidal activity towards GBM cells, with no or minimal toxicity towards normal human cells. Unfortunately, GBM is a very heterogeneous tumour, with multiple genetically aberrant clones within one tumour. Consequently, any single agent therapy is likely to be not effective enough. However, the anti-GBM activity of TRAIL can be synergistically enhanced by a variety of conventional and novel targeted therapies, making TRAIL an ideal candidate for combinatorial strategies. Here we will, after briefly detailing the biology of TRAIL/TRAIL receptor signalling, focus on the promises and pitfalls of recombinant TRAIL as a therapeutic agent alone and in combinatorial therapeutic approaches for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Kuijlen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Stolz C, Schuler M. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to Rituximab and pharmacologic strategies for its circumvention. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:873-85. [PMID: 19373595 DOI: 10.1080/10428190902878471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of Rituximab has greatly improved therapeutic options for patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, a substantial fraction of patients with aggressive B-NHL fails first-line therapy, and most patients with relapsing indolent B-NHL eventually acquire Rituximab resistance. Molecular understanding of the underlying mechanisms facilitates the development of pharmacologic strategies to overcome resistance. Rituximab exerts its activity on CD20-expressing B-cells by indirect and direct effector mechanisms. Indirect mechanisms are complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Direct activities, such as growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis and chemosensitisation, have been reported, but are less defined. Moreover, the relative contribution of CDC, ADCC and direct mechanisms to the activity of Rituximab in vivo is unclear. Down-regulation of CD20 and expression of complement inhibitors have been described as escape mechanisms in B-NHL. Recent reports suggest that deregulated phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK) and nuclear-factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), as well as up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins may determine the efficacy of Rituximab to kill B-NHL cells in vitro and in vivo. The latter signalling pathways are attractive targets for pharmacologic modulation of resistance to Rituximab. With the advent of new inhibitors and antibodies, rationally designed clinical trials addressing Rituximab resistance are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stolz
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Lund Strategic Research Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, University Lund, Sweden
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36
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Moretto P, Hotte SJ. Targeting apoptosis: preclinical and early clinical experience with mapatumumab, an agonist monoclonal antibody targeting TRAIL-R1. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 18:311-25. [DOI: 10.1517/13543780902752463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Luster TA, Carrell JA, McCormick K, Sun D, Humphreys R. Mapatumumab and lexatumumab induce apoptosis in TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 antibody-resistant NSCLC cell lines when treated in combination with bortezomib. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:292-302. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Secchiero P, Sblattero D, Chiaruttini C, Melloni E, Macor P, Zorzet S, Tripodo C, Tedesco F, Marzari R, Zauli G. Selection and Characterization of a Novel Agonistic Human Recombinant Anti-Trail-R2 Minibody with Antileukemic Activity. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:73-83. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising natural anticancer therapeutic agent because through its “death receptors”, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, it induces apoptosis in many transformed tumor cells, but not in the majority of normal cells. Hence, agonistic compounds directed against TRAIL death receptors have the potential of being excellent cancer therapeutic agents, with minimal cytotoxicity in normal tissues. Here, we report the selection and characterization of a new single-chain fragment variable (scFv) to TRAIL-R2 receptor isolated from a human phage-display library, produced as minibody (MB), and characterized for the in vitro anti-leukemic tumoricidal activity. The anti-TRAIL-R2 MB2.23 efficiently and specifically bound to membrane-associated TRAIL-R2 on different leukemic cell lines and could act as a direct agonist in vitro, initiating apoptotic signaling as well as complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, providing a rationale for further investigations of MB2.23 in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Sblattero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Piemonte Orientale, Novara
| | - C. Chiaruttini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | | | - P. Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - S. Zorzet
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - C. Tripodo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F. Tedesco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - R. Marzari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
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Abstract
Triggering of tumour cell apoptosis is the foundation of many cancer therapies. Death receptors of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily have been largely characterized, as have the signals that are generated when these receptors are activated. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors (TRAILR1 and TRAILR2) are promising targets for cancer therapy. Herein we review what is known about the molecular control of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, the role of TRAIL in carcinogenesis and the potential therapeutic utility of recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against TRAILR1 and TRAILR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
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The Role of Complement in the Mechanism of Action of Rituximab for B‐Cell Lymphoma: Implications for Therapy. Oncologist 2008; 13:954-66. [DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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41
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Choi JH, Lee WK, Han SH, Ha S, Ahn SM, Kang JS, Choi YJ, Yun CH. Identification and characterization of nonapeptide targeting a human B cell lymphoma, Raji. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:852-8. [PMID: 18442789 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Here, we identified a novel peptide specifically targeting a human B cell lymphoma, Raji, through a conventional phage display method. The amino acid sequence, 'CTLPHLKMC' was obtained with the highest frequency from a nonapeptide-expressing phage library. The phage clone encoding CTLPHLKMC peptide sequence avidly bound to Raji cells compared with control phage clones. Furthermore, flow-cytometric analysis on the biotinylated synthetic CTLPHLKMC peptide demonstrated the high binding affinity to Raji cells in a dose-dependent manner whereas it has binding activity to neither human peripheral blood mononuclear cells including normal B cell derived from healthy donors nor other leukemia cells including THP-1, HL-60, Jurkat and IM-9. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry following immunoprecipitation assay showed that a potential host receptor for the peptide is a variable region of human immunoglobulin heavy chain which would be a specific phenotypic marker of Raji. In conclusion, these results suggest that the peptide, 'CTLPHLKMC', is a specific ligand to a Raji cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Comparative Immunology, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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