1
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Mahon KL, Sutherland SI, Lin HM, Stockler MR, Gurney H, Mallesara G, Briscoe K, Marx G, Higano CS, de Bono JS, Chi KN, Clark G, Breit SN, Brown DA, Horvath LG. Clinical validation of circulating GDF15/MIC-1 as a marker of response to docetaxel and survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2024; 84:747-755. [PMID: 38544345 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated circulating growth differentiation factor (GDF15/MIC-1), interleukin 4 (IL4), and IL6 levels were associated with resistance to docetaxel in an exploratory cohort of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study aimed to establish level 2 evidence of cytokine biomarker utility in mCRPC. METHODS IntVal: Plasma samples at baseline (BL) and Day 21 docetaxel (n = 120). ExtVal: Serum samples at BL and Day 42 of docetaxel (n = 430). IL4, IL6, and GDF15 levels were measured by ELISA. Monocytes and dendritic cells were treated with 10% plasma from men with high or low GDF15 or recombinant GDF15. RESULTS IntVal: Higher GDF15 levels at BL and Day 21 were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (BL; p = 0.03 and Day 21; p = 0.004). IL4 and IL6 were not associated with outcomes. ExtVal: Higher GDF15 levels at BL and Day 42 predicted shorter OS (BL; p < 0.0001 and Day 42; p < 0.0001). Plasma from men with high GDF15 caused an increase in CD86 expression on monocytes (p = 0.03), but was not replicated by recombinant GDF15. CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating GDF15 is associated with poor prognosis in men with mCRPC receiving docetaxel and may be a marker of changes in the innate immune system in response to docetaxel resistance. These findings provide a strong rationale to consider GDF15 as a biomarker to guide a therapeutic trial of drugs targeting the innate immune system in combination with docetaxel in mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Mahon
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Im Sutherland
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Research Group, The ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Ming Lin
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin R Stockler
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Calvary Mater, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Girish Mallesara
- Medical Oncology Department, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Briscoe
- Northern Haematology Oncology Group, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gavin Marx
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Johann S de Bono
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim N Chi
- Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Georgina Clark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Research Group, The ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel N Breit
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Brown
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Wang S, Han L, Li J, Liu Y, Wang S. Inflammatory molecules facilitate the development of docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:837-849. [PMID: 35255161 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous molecular mechanisms have been found to contribute to docetaxel-induced resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, the changes in gene expression profiles of multidrug resistant PCa cells that were established in response to docetaxel were determined using microarray analysis. In addition to alterations in the expression of multidrug resistance-associated genes, the expression levels of multiple inflammatory molecules, in particular IL-6, significantly increased in resistant cells in vitro and in vivo, which further increased with the development of drug resistance following microarray, qRT-PCR and ELISA analysis. Compared with parental cells, resistant cells also presented with stronger activation of multiple IL-6-associated signaling pathways STAT1/3, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT. Inactivation of IL-6 using a neutralizing antibody resulted in a slight effect on the sensitivity of resistant cells to docetaxel, while blockade of of STAT1/3, NF-κB, or PI3K/AKT signaling significantly resensitized resistant cells to docetaxel. Of note, simultaneous inactivation of IL-6 and STAT1/3, PI3K/AKT or NF-κB further enhanced the sensitivity of the resistant cells to docetaxel. Thus, inflammatory molecules, in particular IL-6, and IL-6-associated signaling pathways NF-κB, STAT1/3, and PI3K/AKT, are crucial mediators of the development of docetaxel-resistance in PCa. Targeting inflammatory molecules and signaling pathways could be a potential therapeutic option for the intervention of drug resistance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiqiang Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoyong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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JiaWei Z, ChunXia D, CunDong L, Yang L, JianKun Y, HaiFeng D, Cheng Y, ZhiPeng H, HongYi W, DeYing L, ZhiJian L, Xiao X, QiZhao Z, KangYi X, WenBing G, Ming X, JunHao Z, JiMing B, ShanChao Z, MingKun C. M2 subtype tumor associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) infiltration predicts poor response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment for prostate cancer. Ann Med 2021; 53:730-740. [PMID: 34032524 PMCID: PMC8158194 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1924396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is poor response to the immunotherapy for its high heterogeneity of immune microenvironment. In this study, we aim to introduce a new immune subtype for PCa involving M2 tumour associated macrophages (M2-TAMs). METHODS Three hundred and sixty-two PCa patients and matched normal prostate tissues were selected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Patients' immune infiltration characters were then analyzed based on the gene expressions. The immune subtypes were identified by the method of unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Finally, the relationship between the M2-TAMs infiltration and anti-programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy was investigated in the IMvigor210 cohort. RESULTS PCa expressed lower immune-related genes levels compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Based on the proved immunosuppressive mechanisms in PCa, tumour patients were classified into three independent subclasses with high infiltrated cytolytic activity (CYT), M2-TAMs and regulatory T cell (Tregs), respectively. Among these subtypes, M2-TAMs infiltration subtype showed the worst clinicopathological features and prognosis compared with the other two subtypes. The results of the IMvigor210 cohort demonstrated poor response of anti-PD-L1 therapy for patients with high M2-TAMs infiltration. CONCLUSION Prostate tumours involved in significant immunosuppression, and high infiltration of M2-TAMs can be applied to predict the effect of anti-PD-L1 therapy.Key MessagesPCa patients can be classified into three immunotypes of high infiltrated CYT, M2-TAMS, and Tregs according to the immunosuppressive mechanisms.High M2-TAMs infiltration subtype reflected the worst clinical characters, immune infiltration, and lowest expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors among the three subclasses in PCa.High M2-TAMs infiltration predicts the low response rate of anti-PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou JiaWei
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dou ChunXia
- College of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu CunDong
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang JianKun
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duan HaiFeng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang ZhiPeng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang HongYi
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liao DeYing
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang ZhiJian
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xie Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou QiZhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue KangYi
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo WenBing
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Ming
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou JunHao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao JiMing
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao ShanChao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen MingKun
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao TC, Zhou ZH, Ju WT, Liang SY, Tang X, Zhu DW, Zhang ZY, Zhong LP. Mechanism of sensitivity to cisplatin, docetaxel, and 5-fluorouracil chemoagents and potential erbB2 alternatives in oral cancer with growth differentiation factor 15 overexpression. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:478-488. [PMID: 34826159 PMCID: PMC8819339 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to: (a) explore the potential mechanism of cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin, docetaxel, and 5‐fluorouracil (TPF) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients overexpressing growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15); and (b) identify potential alternative agents for patients who might not benefit from inductive TPF chemotherapy. The results indicated that OSCC cells overexpressing GDF15 were sensitive to TPF through a caspase‐9‐dependent pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry revealed that the erbB2 protein was a potential GDF15‐binding protein, which was verified by coimmunoprecipitation. Growth differentiation factor 15 overexpression promoted OSCC cell proliferation through erbB2 phosphorylation, as well as downstream AKT and Erk signaling pathways. When GDF15 expression was blocked, the phosphorylation of both the erbB2 and AKT/Erk pathways was downregulated. When OSCC cells with GDF15 overexpression were treated with the erbB2 phosphorylation inhibitor, CI‐1033, cell proliferation and xenograft growth colony formation were significantly blocked (P < .05). Thus, GDF15‐overexpressing OSCC tumors are sensitive to TPF chemoagents through caspase‐9‐dependent pathways. Growth differentiation factor 15 overexpression promotes OSCC proliferation through erbB2 phosphorylation. Thus, ErbB2 inhibitors could represent potential targeted drugs or an alternative therapy for OSCC patients with GDF15 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Chao Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Tong Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Wang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai-Ping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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5
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Prensner JR, Enache OM, Luria V, Krug K, Clauser KR, Dempster JM, Karger A, Wang L, Stumbraite K, Wang VM, Botta G, Lyons NJ, Goodale A, Kalani Z, Fritchman B, Brown A, Alan D, Green T, Yang X, Jaffe JD, Roth JA, Piccioni F, Kirschner MW, Ji Z, Root DE, Golub TR. Noncanonical open reading frames encode functional proteins essential for cancer cell survival. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:697-704. [PMID: 33510483 PMCID: PMC8195866 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-00806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although genomic analyses predict many noncanonical open reading frames (ORFs) in the human genome, it is unclear whether they encode biologically active proteins. Here we experimentally interrogated 553 candidates selected from noncanonical ORF datasets. Of these, 57 induced viability defects when knocked out in human cancer cell lines. Following ectopic expression, 257 showed evidence of protein expression and 401 induced gene expression changes. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) tiling and start codon mutagenesis indicated that their biological effects required translation as opposed to RNA-mediated effects. We found that one of these ORFs, G029442-renamed glycine-rich extracellular protein-1 (GREP1)-encodes a secreted protein highly expressed in breast cancer, and its knockout in 263 cancer cell lines showed preferential essentiality in breast cancer-derived lines. The secretome of GREP1-expressing cells has an increased abundance of the oncogenic cytokine GDF15, and GDF15 supplementation mitigated the growth-inhibitory effect of GREP1 knockout. Our experiments suggest that noncanonical ORFs can express biologically active proteins that are potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Prensner
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Oana M. Enache
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Victor Luria
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Karl R. Clauser
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Amir Karger
- IT-Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Li Wang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Vickie M. Wang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ginevra Botta
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zohra Kalani
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Adam Brown
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Douglas Alan
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Green
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jacob D. Jaffe
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Present address: Inzen Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Federica Piccioni
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Present address: Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marc W. Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60628
| | - David E. Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Todd R. Golub
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115,Corresponding author: Address correspondence to: Todd R. Golub, MD, Chief Scientific Officer, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Room 4013, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, , Phone: 617-714-7050
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Hasanpour Segherlou Z, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Noroozi Guilandehi S, Baghbanzadeh A, Zand R, Baradaran B, Zarei M. GDF-15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5564-5581. [PMID: 33580506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF-15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF-15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF-15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF-15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Izaguirre DI, Ng CW, Kwan SY, Kun EH, Tsang YTM, Gershenson DM, Wong KK. The Role of GDF15 in Regulating the Canonical Pathways of the Tumor Microenvironment in Wild-Type p53 Ovarian Tumor and Its Response to Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103043. [PMID: 33086658 PMCID: PMC7650722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with wild-type p53 ovarian cancer appear to have a poorer survival rate than those with mutant p53 due to resistance to chemotherapy. The mechanism underlying this observation is not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers regulated by p53 that conferred resistance using in vitro and in vivo studies. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) expression was demonstrated to be controlled by p53 in both ovarian cancer cell lines and orthotopic mouse models. The histological and RNAseq studies of the GDF15-knocked down, A2780 cell line-induced tumor revealed that the ratio and canonical pathways of stromal/tumor were modified by secretory GDF15. Abstract Background: The standard treatment of ovarian cancer is surgery followed by a chemotherapeutic combination consisting of a platinum agent, such as cisplatin and a taxane-like paclitaxel. We previously observed that patients with ovarian cancer wild-type for p53 had a poorer survival rate than did those with p53 mutations. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular changes of epithelial ovarian cancer cells with wild-type p53 in response to treatment with cisplatin could reveal novel mechanisms of chemoresistance. Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed on an ovarian cancer cell line A2780 with wild-type p53 treated with cisplatin. A gene encoding a secretory protein growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was identified to be highly induced by cisplatin treatment in vitro. This was further validated in a panel of wild-type and mutant p53 ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as in mouse orthotopic models. The mouse tumor tissues were further analyzed by histology and RNA-seq. Results: GDF15 was identified as one of the highly induced genes by cisplatin or carboplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines with wild-type p53. The wild-type p53-induced expression of GDF15 and GDF15-confered chemotherapy resistance was further demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study also discovered that GDF15-knockdown (GDF15-KD) tumors had less stromal component and had different repertoires of activated and inhibited canonical pathways in the stromal cell and cancer cell components from that of the control tumors after cisplatin treatment. Conclusions: GDF15 expression from the wild-type p53 cancer cells can modulate the canonical pathways in the tumor microenvironment in response to cisplatin, which is a possible mechanism of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy I. Izaguirre
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
- Cancer Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun-Wai Ng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - Suet-Yan Kwan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
- Cancer Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eucharist H. Kun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - Yvonne T. M. Tsang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - David M. Gershenson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
- Cancer Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-792-0229
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8
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Herroon MK, Diedrich JD, Rajagurubandara E, Martin C, Maddipati KR, Kim S, Heath EI, Granneman J, Podgorski I. Prostate Tumor Cell-Derived IL1β Induces an Inflammatory Phenotype in Bone Marrow Adipocytes and Reduces Sensitivity to Docetaxel via Lipolysis-Dependent Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2508-2521. [PMID: 31562254 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte-tumor cell cross-talk is one of the critical mediators of tumor progression and an emerging facilitator of therapy evasion. Tumor cells that metastasize to adipocyte-rich bone marrow take advantage of the interplay between metabolic and inflammatory pathways to activate prosurvival mechanisms that allow them to thrive and escape therapy. Using in vitro and in vivo models of marrow adiposity, we demonstrate that metastatic prostate carcinoma cells engage bone marrow adipocytes in a functional cross-talk that promotes IL1β expression in tumor cells. Tumor-supplied IL1β contributes to adipocyte lipolysis and regulates a proinflammatory phenotype in adipocytes via upregulation of COX-2 and MCP-1. We further show that the enhanced activity of the IL1β/COX-2/MCP-1 axis and a resulting increase in PGE2 production by adipocytes coincide with augmented hypoxia signaling and activation of prosurvival pathways in tumor cells, revealing a potential mechanism of chemoresistance. The major consequence of this interplay is the reduced response of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel, a phenomenon sensitive to the inhibition of lipolysis. IMPLICATIONS: Studies presented herein highlight adipocyte lipolysis as a tumor-regulated metabolic event that engages proinflammatory cross-talk in the microenvironment to promote prostate cancer progression in bone. Understanding the impact of bone marrow adipose tissue on tumor adaptation, survival, and chemotherapy response is fundamentally important, as current treatment options for metastatic prostate cancer are palliative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jonathan D Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Erandi Rajagurubandara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Carly Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Krishna R Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elisabeth I Heath
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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9
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Fang L, Li F, Gu C. GDF-15: A Multifunctional Modulator and Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:654-662. [PMID: 30947652 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190402101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various pathological processes are associated with the aberrant expression and function of cytokines, especially those belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. Nevertheless, the functions of members of the TGF-β family in cancer progression and therapy are still uncertain. Growth differentiation factor- 15, which exists in intracellular and extracellular forms, is classified as a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily. It has been indicated that GDF-15 is also connected to the evolution of cancer both positively and negatively depending upon the cellular state and environment. Under normal physiological conditions, GDF-15 inhibits early tumour promotion. However, its abnormal expression in advanced cancers causes proliferation, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cell formation, immune escape and a reduced response to therapy. As a clinical indicator, GDF-15 can be used as a tool for the diagnosis and therapy of an extensive scope of cancers. Although some basic functions of GDF-15 are noncontroversial, their mechanisms remain unclear and complicated at the molecular level. Therefore, GDF-15 needs to be further explored and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
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10
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Bouaouiche S, Magadoux L, Dondaine L, Reveneau S, Isambert N, Bettaieb A, Jeannin JF, Laurens V, Plenchette S. Glyceryl trinitrate‑induced cytotoxicity of docetaxel‑resistant prostatic cancer cells is associated with differential regulation of clusterin. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1446-1456. [PMID: 30720069 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) relapse due to acquired resistance to chemotherapy, such as docetaxel, remains a major threat to patient survival. Resistance of mCRPC to docetaxel can be associated with elevated levels of soluble clusterin (sCLU) and growth differentiation factor‑15 (GDF‑15). Any strategies aiming to modulate sCLU and/or GDF‑15 in docetaxel‑resistant prostate cancer cells present a therapeutic interest. The present study reports the cytotoxic effect of a nitric oxide donor, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), on docetaxel‑resistant mCRPC human cell lines and demonstrates that GTN displays greater inhibition of cell viability toward docetaxel‑resistant mCRPC cells than on mCRPC cells. It is also demonstrated that GTN modulates the level of expression of clusterin (CLU) which is dependent of GDF‑15, two markers associated with docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. The results indicate that GTN represses the level of expression of the cytoprotective isoform of CLU (sCLU) and can increase the level of expression of the cytotoxic isoform (nuclear CLU) in docetaxel resistant cells. Furthermore, it was observed that GTN differentially regulates the level of the precursor form of GDF‑15 between resistant and parental cells, and that recombinant GDF‑15 can modulate the expression of CLU isoforms and counteract GTN‑induced cytotoxicity in resistant cells. A link was established between GDF‑15 and the expression of CLU isoforms. The present study thus revealed GTN as a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome docetaxel‑resistant mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Bouaouiche
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
| | - Lea Magadoux
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
| | - Lucile Dondaine
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Reveneau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
| | | | - Ali Bettaieb
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Jeannin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
| | - Veronique Laurens
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Plenchette
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, F‑75000 Paris, France
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11
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Chemotherapy and Inflammatory Cytokine Signalling in Cancer Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:173-215. [PMID: 31456184 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the result of a cell's acquisition of a variety of biological capabilities or 'hallmarks' as outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg. These include sustained proliferative signalling, the ability to evade growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and the ability to invade other tissue and metastasize. More recently, the ability to escape immune destruction has been recognized as another important hallmark of tumours. It is suggested that genome instability and inflammation accelerates the acquisition of a variety of the above hallmarks. Inflammation, is a product of the body's response to tissue damage or pathogen invasion. It is required for tissue repair and host defense, but prolonged inflammation can often be the cause for disease. In a cancer patient, it is often unclear whether inflammation plays a protective or deleterious role in disease progression. Chemotherapy drugs can suppress tumour growth but also induce pathways in tumour cells that have been shown experimentally to support tumour progression or, in other cases, encourage an anti-tumour immune response. Thus, with the goal of better understanding the context under which each of these possible outcomes occurs, recent progress exploring chemotherapy-induced inflammatory cytokine production and the effects of cytokines on drug efficacy in the tumour microenvironment will be reviewed. The implications of chemotherapy on host and tumour cytokine pathways and their effect on the treatment of cancer patients will also be discussed.
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12
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Wang T, Zhan Q, Peng X, Qiu Z, Zhao T. CCL2 influences the sensitivity of lung cancer A549 cells to docetaxel. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1267-1274. [PMID: 30061946 PMCID: PMC6063033 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor types globally. Acquisition of chemoresistance in lung cancer cells is the primary cause of chemotherapy failure. Inflammatory chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) has been reported to be involved in the progression of cancer and drug resistance. However, its function in docetaxel (DTX) resistance of lung cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the mechanism underlying DTX-induced drug resistance was investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that DTX treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression of CCL2 in lung cancer A549 cells. CCL2 was knocked down by small interfering RNA or was overexpressed by recombinant CCL2 lentivirus, and cell viability was determined. An MTT assay indicated that CCL2 downregulation decreased the viability of A549 cells and augmented the DTX-induced cytotoxicity, whereas CCL2 upregulation protected A549 cells from DTX-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, it was revealed that CCL2 overexpression activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling and inhibited apoptosis-associated protein caspase-3 activation and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) phosphorylation at Ser70 induced by DTX, and enhanced DTX-induced Bcl-2-associated death promoter phosphorylation at Ser112. PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 restored DTX-induced caspase-3 activation and Bcl-2 phosphorylation, reversed the effect of CCL2 on the viability of A549 cells and enhanced DTX-induced cytotoxicity. These results demonstrated that chemoresistance may be mediated by cell stress responses involving CCL2 expression, suggesting that CCL2 may be a potential target for enhancing the therapeutic effect of DTX in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Nanchang County, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Tumor Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine 6, Tumor Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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13
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Distinct response to GDF15 knockdown in pediatric and adult glioblastoma cell lines. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:51-60. [PMID: 29671197 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor affecting adults. In pediatric patients, GBM exhibits genetic variations distinct from those identified in the adult GBM phenotype. This tumor exhibits complex genetic changes leading to malignant progression and resistance to standard therapies including radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment. The GDF15 gene codes for a growth factor whose expression is altered in the presence of inflammations and malignancies. GDF15 is associated with a poor prognosis and with radio- and chemoresistance in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the response to GDF15 knockdown in adult (U343) and pediatric (KNS42) GBM cell line models. METHODS The expression of the GDF15 gene was investigated by qRT-PCR and overexpression was identified in both GBM cell lines. The KNS42 and U343 cell lines were submitted to lentiviral transduction with shRNA of GDF15 and validated at the protein level. To understand the difference between cell lines, RNAseq was performed after GDF15 knockdown. RESULTS The data obtained demonstrated that the pathways were differentially expressed in adult GBM and pediatric GBM cell lines. This was confirmed by functional assays perfomed after independent treatments (radiotherapy and TMZ). CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that GBM cell lines had distinct responses to GDF15 knockdown, a fact that can be explained by the different molecular profile of pediatric and adult GBM.
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14
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Kim KH, Park SH, Do KH, Kim J, Choi KU, Moon Y. NSAID-activated gene 1 mediates pro-inflammatory signaling activation and paclitaxel chemoresistance in type I human epithelial ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72148-72166. [PMID: 27708225 PMCID: PMC5342151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Chronic endogenous sterile pro-inflammatory responses are strongly linked to EOC progression and chemoresistance to anti-cancer therapeutics. In the present study, the activity of epithelial NF-κB, a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor, was enhanced with the progress of EOC. This result was mechanistically linked with an increased expression of NSAID-Activated Gene 1 (NAG-1) in MyD88-positive type I EOC stem-like cells, compared with that in MyD88-negative type II EOC cells. Elevated NAG-1 as a potent biomarker of poor prognosis in the ovarian cancer was positively associated with the levels of NF-κB activation, chemokines and stemness markers in type I EOC cells. In terms of signal transduction, NAG-1-activated SMAD-linked and non-canonical TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1)-activated pathways contributed to NF-κB activation and the subsequent induction of some chemokines and cancer stemness markers. In addition to effects on NF-κB-dependent gene regulation, NAG-1 was involved in expression of EGF receptor and subsequent activation of EGF receptor-linked signaling. The present study also provided evidences for links between NAG-1-linked signaling and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. NAG-1 and pro-inflammatory NF-κB were positively associated with resistance to paclitaxel in MyD88-positive type I EOC cells. Mechanistically, this chemoresistance occurred due to enhanced activation of the SMAD-4- and non-SMAD-TAK-1-linked pathways. All of the present data suggested NAG-1 protein as a crucial mediator of EOC progression and resistance to the standard first-line chemotherapy against EOC, particularly in MyD88-positive ovarian cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute and Pusan Cancer Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kee Hun Do
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute and Pusan Cancer Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute and Pusan Cancer Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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15
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Chang J, Yao M, Li Y, Zhao D, Hu S, Cui X, Liu G, Shi Q, Wang Y, Yang Y. MicroRNAs for osteosarcoma in the mouse: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85650-85674. [PMID: 27852052 PMCID: PMC5356766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone carcinoma with high morbidity that happens mainly in children and young adults. As the key components of gene-regulatory networks, microRNAs (miRNAs) control many critical pathophysiological processes, including initiation and progression of cancers. The objective of this study is to summarize and evaluate the potential of miRNAs as targets for prevention and treatment of OS in mouse models, and to explore the methodological quality of current studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wan Fang Database, VIP Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Chinese BioMedical since their beginning date to 10 May 2016. Two reviewers separately screened the controlled studies, which estimate the effects of miRNAs on osteosarcoma in mice. A pair-wise analysis was performed. Thirty six studies with enough randomization were selected and included in the meta-analysis. We found that blocking oncogenic or restoring decreased miRNAs in cancer cells could significantly suppress the progression of OS in vivo, as assessed by tumor volume and tumor weight. This meta-analysis suggests that miRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for OS and correction of the altered expression of miRNAs significantly suppresses the progression of OS in mouse models, however, the overall methodological quality of studies included here was low, and more animal studies with the rigourous design must be carried out before a miRNA-based treatment could be translated from animal studies to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Chang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimian Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopu Hu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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A standardized herbal extract mitigates tumor inflammation and augments chemotherapy effect of docetaxel in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15624. [PMID: 29142311 PMCID: PMC5688072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the NFκB pathway is often associated with advanced cancer and has thus been regarded as a rational therapeutic target. Wedelia chinensis is rich in luteolin, apigenin, and wedelolactone that act synergistically to suppress androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer. Interestingly, our evaluation of a standardized Wedelia chinensis herbal extract (WCE) concluded its efficacy on hormone-refractory prostate cancer through systemic mechanisms. Oral administration of WCE significantly attenuated tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic PC-3 and DU145 xenografts. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of these tumors revealed that WCE suppressed the expression of IKKα/β phosphorylation and downstream cytokines/chemokines, e.g., IL6, CXCL1, and CXCL8. Through restraining the cytokines expression, WCE reduced tumor-elicited infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and endothelial cells into the tumors, therefore inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. In MDSCs, WCE also reduced STAT3 activation, downregulated S100A8 expression and prevented their expansion. Use of WCE in combination with docetaxel significantly suppressed docetaxel-induced NFκB activation, boosted the therapeutic effect and reduced the systemic toxicity caused by docetaxel monotherapy. These data suggest that a standardized preparation of Wedelia chinensis extract improved prostate cancer therapy through immunomodulation and has potential application as an adjuvant agent for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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17
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Zhai Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Lu W, Liu S, Yu Y, Weng W, Ding Z, Zhu Q, Shi J. Growth differentiation factor 15 contributes to cancer-associated fibroblasts-mediated chemo-protection of AML cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:147. [PMID: 27643489 PMCID: PMC5029001 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemo-resistance is still a major obstacle in efforts to overcome acute myeloid leukemia (AML). An emerging concept has proposed that interactions between the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and leukemia cells reduce the sensitivity of the leukemia cells to chemotherapy. As an important element of the tumor microenvironment, the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are considered to be activated modulators in the chemo-resistance of many solid tumors. But their contribution to AML has yet to be fully understood. Here we report a critical role for CAFs which were thought to be a survival and chemo-protective factor for leukemia cells. METHODS A retrospective study on the BM biopsies from 63 primary AML patients and 59 normal controls was applied to quantitative analysis the fiber stroma in the BM sections. Then immunohistochemistry on the BM biopsies were used to detect the makers of the CAFs. Their effects on drug resistance of leukemia cells were further to be assessed by co-cultured experiments in vitro. Moreover, the possible mechanisms involved in CAF-mediated chemo-protection of AML cells was investigated by antibody neutralization and siRNA knockdown experiments, with particular emphasis on the role of GDF15. RESULTS In our study, excessive reticular fibers in the BM led to higher frequency of relapse and mortality in primary AML patients, bringing the inspiration for us to investigate the functional roles of the fiber-devied cells. We declared that the CAF cells which expressed higher levels of FSP1, α-SMA or FAP protein were widely distributed in the marrow of AML. Then in vitro co-cultured tests showed that these CAFs could protect leukemia cell lines (THP-1/K562) from chemotherapy. Interestingly, this effect could be decreased by either treatment with a neutralizing anti-GDF15 antibody or knockdown GDF15 (with siGDF15) in CAFs. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the GDF15(+) cells mainly co-localized with FAP, which was identified as the typical phenotype of CAFs in the BM stroma. CONCLUSIONS We firstly demonstrate that the functional CAFs are widespread within the BM of AML patients and should be a critical chemo-protective element for AML cells by producing amount of GDF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Sihong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yehua Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Weng
- Department of Hematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South campus, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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18
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Sándor N, Schilling-Tóth B, Kis E, Benedek A, Lumniczky K, Sáfrány G, Hegyesi H. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) is a potential marker of radiation response and radiation sensitivity. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 793:142-9. [PMID: 26520384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the importance of GDF-15 (secreted cytokine belonging to the TGF-β superfamily) in low and high dose radiation-induced cellular responses. A telomerase immortalized human fibroblast cell line (F11hT) was used in the experiments. A lentiviral system encoding small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) was used to establish GDF-15 silenced cells. Secreted GDF-15 levels were measured in culture medium by ELISA. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The experiments demonstrated that in irradiated human fibroblasts GDF-15 expression increased with dose starting from 100mGy. Elevated GDF-15 expression was not detected in bystander cells. The potential role of GDF-15 in radiation response was investigated by silencing GDF-15 in immortalized human fibroblasts with five different shRNA encoded in lentiviral vectors. Cell lines with considerably reduced GDF-15 levels presented increased radiation sensitivity, while a cell line with elevated GDF-15 was more radiation resistant than wild type cells. We have investigated how the reduced GDF-15 levels alter the response of several known radiation inducible genes. In F11hT-shGDF-15 cells the basal expression level of CDKN1A was unaltered relative to F11hT cells, while GADD45A and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were slightly higher, and TP53INP1 was considerably reduced. The radiation-induced expression of TP53INP1 was lower in the silenced than in wild type fibroblast cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated that radiation-induced early G2/M arrest was abrogated in GDF-15 silenced cells. Moreover, radiation-induced bystander effect was less pronounced in GDF-15 silenced fibroblasts. In conclusion, the results suggest that GDF-15 works as a radiation inducible radiation resistance increasing factor in normal human fibroblast cells, acts by regulating the radiation-induced transcription of several genes and might serve as a radiation-induced early biomarker in exposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Sándor
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Schilling-Tóth
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Benedek
- Division of Cellular and Immune-radiobiology, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Division of Cellular and Immune-radiobiology, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Hargita Hegyesi
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary; Department of Morphology and Physiology, College of Health Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Mahon KL, Lin HM, Castillo L, Lee BY, Lee-Ng M, Chatfield MD, Chiam K, Breit SN, Brown DA, Molloy MP, Marx GM, Pavlakis N, Boyer MJ, Stockler MR, Daly RJ, Henshall SM, Horvath LG. Cytokine profiling of docetaxel-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1340-8. [PMID: 25867259 PMCID: PMC4402456 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Docetaxel improves symptoms and survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, ∼50% of patients are chemoresistant. This study examined whether changes in cytokine levels predict for docetaxel resistance in vitro and in a clinical cohort. Methods: PC3 cells or their docetaxel-resistant subline (PC3Rx) were co-cultured with U937 monocytes, with and without docetaxel treatment, and cytokine levels were measured. The circulating levels of 28 cytokines were measured pre-/post cycle 1 of docetaxel from 55 men with CRPC, and compared with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response. Results: PC3Rx-U937 co-culture expressed more cytokines, chiefly markers of alternative macrophage differentiation, compared with PC3-U937 co-culture. Docetaxel treatment enhanced cytokine production by PC3Rx-U937 co-culture, while reducing cytokine levels in PC3-U937. In patients, changes in the levels of seven circulating cytokines (macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC1), interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 and IFNγ) after cycle 1 of docetaxel were associated with progressive disease (all P<0.05). The combination of changes in MIC1, IL-4 and IL-6 most strongly predicted PSA response (P=0.002). Conclusions: In vitro studies suggest docetaxel resistance is mediated, at least in part, by cytokines induced by the interaction between the docetaxel-resistant tumour cells and macrophages. Early changes in circulating cytokine levels were associated with docetaxel resistance in CRPC patients. When considered together, these data suggest a significant role for the inflammatory response and macrophages in the development of docetaxel resistance in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Mahon
- 1] Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia [2] Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia [3] University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - H-M Lin
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - L Castillo
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - B Y Lee
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - M Lee-Ng
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - M D Chatfield
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - K Chiam
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - S N Breit
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - D A Brown
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - M P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, NSW 2105, Australia
| | - G M Marx
- Northern Haematology and Oncology Group, SAN Clinic, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia
| | - N Pavlakis
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - M J Boyer
- 1] Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia [2] University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - M R Stockler
- 1] Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia [2] University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - R J Daly
- Signalling Network Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - S M Henshall
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - L G Horvath
- 1] Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia [2] Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia [3] University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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20
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Husaini Y, Lockwood GP, Nguyen TV, Tsai VWW, Mohammad MG, Russell PJ, Brown DA, Breit SN. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) gene deletion promotes cancer growth in TRAMP prostate cancer prone mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115189. [PMID: 25695521 PMCID: PMC4335046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The divergent TGF-β superfamily member, macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15), is overexpressed by most cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Whilst its circulating levels are linked to cancer outcome, the role MIC-1/GDF15 plays in cancer development and progression is incompletely understood. To investigate its effect on PCa development and spread, we have used TRAMP prostate cancer prone mice bearing a germline deletion of MIC-1/GDF15 (TRAMPMIC-/-). On average TRAMPMIC-/- mice died about 5 weeks earlier and had larger prostatic tumors compared with TRAMP mice that were wild type for MIC-1/GDF15 (TRAMPMIC+/+). Additionally, at the time of death or ethical end point, even when adjusted for lifespan, there were no significant differences in the number of mice with metastases between the TRAMPMIC+/+ and TRAMPMIC-/- groups. However, consistent with our previous data, more than twice as many TRAMP mice overexpressing MIC-1/GDF15 (TRAMPfmsmic-1) had metastases than TRAMPMIC+/+ mice (p<0.0001). We conclude that germ line gene deletion of MIC-1/GDF15 leads to increased local tumor growth resulting in decreased survival consistent with an overall protective role for MIC-1/GDF15 in early primary tumor development. However, in advancing disease, as we have previously noted, MIC-1/GDF15 overexpression may promote local invasion and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Husaini
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Glen P. Lockwood
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Trung V. Nguyen
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mohammad G. Mohammad
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Pamela J. Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David A. Brown
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- * E-mail: (SNB); (DAB)
| | - Samuel N. Breit
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- * E-mail: (SNB); (DAB)
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21
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Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) plasma levels increase during bleomycin- and cisplatin-based treatment of testicular cancer patients and relate to endothelial damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115372. [PMID: 25590623 PMCID: PMC4295859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapy-related endothelial damage contributes to the early development of cardiovascular morbidity in testicular cancer patients. We aimed to identify relevant mechanisms of and search for candidate biomarkers for this endothelial damage. Methods Human micro-vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were exposed to bleomycin or cisplatin with untreated samples as control. 18k cDNA microarrays were used. Gene expression differences were analysed at single gene level and in gene sets clustered in biological pathways and validated by qRT-PCR. Protein levels of a candidate biomarker were measured in testicular cancer patient plasma before, during and after bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin chemotherapy, and related to endothelial damage biomarkers (von Willebrand Factor (vWF), high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP)). Results Microarray data identified several genes with highly differential expression; e.g. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) and Amphiregulin (AREG). Pathway analysis revealed strong associations with ‘p53’ and ‘Diabetes Mellitus’ gene sets. Based on known function, we measured GDF-15 protein levels in 41 testicular patients during clinical follow-up. Pre-chemotherapy GDF-15 levels equalled controls. Throughout chemotherapy GDF-15, vWF and hsCRP levels increased, and were correlated at different time-points. Conclusion An unbiased approach in a preclinical model revealed genes related to chemotherapy-induced endothelial damage, like GDF-15. The increases in plasma GDF-15 levels in testicular cancer patients during chemotherapy and its association with vWF and hsCRP suggest that GDF-15 is a potentially useful biomarker related to endothelial damage.
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22
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Rajan P, Stockley J, Sudbery IM, Fleming JT, Hedley A, Kalna G, Sims D, Ponting CP, Heger A, Robson CN, McMenemin RM, Pedley ID, Leung HY. Identification of a candidate prognostic gene signature by transcriptome analysis of matched pre- and post-treatment prostatic biopsies from patients with advanced prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:977. [PMID: 25519703 PMCID: PMC4301544 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chemotherapy for prostate cancer (PCa) can improve patient survival, some tumours are chemo-resistant. Tumour molecular profiles may help identify the mechanisms of drug action and identify potential prognostic biomarkers. We performed in vivo transcriptome profiling of pre- and post-treatment prostatic biopsies from patients with advanced hormone-naive prostate cancer treated with docetaxel chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with an aim to identify the mechanisms of drug action and identify prognostic biomarkers. METHODS RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on biopsies from four patients before and ~22 weeks after docetaxel and ADT initiation. Gene fusion products and differentially-regulated genes between treatment pairs were identified using TopHat and pathway enrichment analyses undertaken. Publically available datasets were interrogated to perform survival analyses on the gene signatures identified using cBioportal. RESULTS A number of genomic rearrangements were identified including the TMPRSS2/ERG fusion and 3 novel gene fusions involving the ETS family of transcription factors in patients, both pre and post chemotherapy. In total, gene expression analyses showed differential expression of at least 2 fold in 575 genes in post-chemotherapy biopsies. Of these, pathway analyses identified a panel of 7 genes (ADAM7, FAM72B, BUB1B, CCNB1, CCNB2, TTK, CDK1), including a cell cycle-related geneset, that were differentially-regulated following treatment with docetaxel and ADT. Using cBioportal to interrogate the MSKCC-Prostate Oncogenome Project dataset we observed a statistically-significant reduction in disease-free survival of patients with tumours exhibiting alterations in gene expression of the above panel of 7 genes (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Here we report on the first "real-time" in vivo RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis of clinical PCa from pre- and post-treatment TRUSS-guided biopsies of patients treated with docetaxel chemotherapy plus ADT. We identify a chemotherapy-driven PCa transcriptome profile which includes the down-regulation of important positive regulators of cell cycle progression. A 7 gene signature biomarker panel has also been identified in high-risk prostate cancer patients to be of prognostic value. Future prospective study is warranted to evaluate the clinical value of this panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Rajan
- />Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacqueline Stockley
- />Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David Sims
- />MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rhona M McMenemin
- />Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ian D Pedley
- />Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- />Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, G61 1BD UK
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23
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Gordon RR, Wu M, Huang CY, Harris WP, Sim HG, Lucas JM, Coleman I, Higano CS, Gulati R, True LD, Vessella R, Lange PH, Garzotto M, Beer TM, Nelson PS. Chemotherapy-induced monoamine oxidase expression in prostate carcinoma functions as a cytoprotective resistance enzyme and associates with clinical outcomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104271. [PMID: 25198178 PMCID: PMC4157741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify molecular alterations in prostate cancers associating with relapse following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical prostatectomy patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer were enrolled into a phase I-II clinical trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel and mitoxantrone followed by prostatectomy. Pre-treatment prostate tissue was acquired by needle biopsy and post-treatment tissue was acquired by prostatectomy. Prostate cancer gene expression measurements were determined in 31 patients who completed 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We identified 141 genes with significant transcript level alterations following chemotherapy that associated with subsequent biochemical relapse. This group included the transcript encoding monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). In vitro, cytotoxic chemotherapy induced the expression of MAOA and elevated MAOA levels enhanced cell survival following docetaxel exposure. MAOA activity increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and increased the expression and nuclear translocation of HIF1α. The suppression of MAOA activity using the irreversible inhibitor clorgyline augmented the apoptotic responses induced by docetaxel. In summary, we determined that the expression of MAOA is induced by exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy, increases HIF1α, and contributes to docetaxel resistance. As MAOA inhibitors have been approved for human use, regimens combining MAOA inhibitors with docetaxel may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Gordon
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mengchu Wu
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chung-Ying Huang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William P. Harris
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hong Gee Sim
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jared M. Lucas
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roman Gulati
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lawrence D. True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul H. Lange
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark Garzotto
- Department of Urology and Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Section of Urology, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Tomasz M. Beer
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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MAGADOUX L, ISAMBERT N, PLENCHETTE S, JEANNIN J, LAURENS V. Emerging targets to monitor and overcome docetaxel resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:919-28. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Marín-Aguilera M, Codony-Servat J, Reig Ò, Lozano JJ, Fernández PL, Pereira MV, Jiménez N, Donovan M, Puig P, Mengual L, Bermudo R, Font A, Gallardo E, Ribal MJ, Alcaraz A, Gascón P, Mellado B. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition mediates docetaxel resistance and high risk of relapse in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1270-84. [PMID: 24659820 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of radical prostatectomy specimens after systemic therapy may identify a gene expression profile for resistance to therapy. This study assessed tumor cells from patients with prostate cancer participating in a phase II neoadjuvant docetaxel and androgen deprivation trial to identify mediators of resistance. Transcriptional level of 93 genes from a docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines microarray study was analyzed by TaqMan low-density arrays in tumors from patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer (36 surgically treated, 28 with neoadjuvant docetaxel + androgen deprivation). Gene expression was compared between groups and correlated with clinical outcome. VIM, AR and RELA were validated by immunohistochemistry. CD44 and ZEB1 expression was tested by immunofluorescence in cells and tumor samples. Parental and docetaxel-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines were tested for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers before and after docetaxel exposure. Reversion of EMT phenotype was investigated as a docetaxel resistance reversion strategy. Expression of 63 (67.7%) genes differed between groups (P < 0.05), including genes related to androgen receptor, NF-κB transcription factor, and EMT. Increased expression of EMT markers correlated with radiologic relapse. Docetaxel-resistant cells had increased EMT and stem-like cell markers expression. ZEB1 siRNA transfection reverted docetaxel resistance and reduced CD44 expression in DU-145R and PC-3R. Before docetaxel exposure, a selected CD44(+) subpopulation of PC-3 cells exhibited EMT phenotype and intrinsic docetaxel resistance; ZEB1/CD44(+) subpopulations were found in tumor cell lines and primary tumors; this correlated with aggressive clinical behavior. This study identifies genes potentially related to chemotherapy resistance and supports evidence of the EMT role in docetaxel resistance and adverse clinical behavior in early prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Marín-Aguilera
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Medical Oncology Department; Bioinformatics Platform Department, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona; Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona; Althia; Tumor Bank, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS Biobank, Barcelona; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona; and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
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26
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Bruzzese F, Hägglöf C, Leone A, Sjöberg E, Roca MS, Kiflemariam S, Sjöblom T, Hammarsten P, Egevad L, Bergh A, Ostman A, Budillon A, Augsten M. Local and systemic protumorigenic effects of cancer-associated fibroblast-derived GDF15. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3408-17. [PMID: 24780757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor stroma is vital to tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are among the abundant cell types in the tumor stroma, but the range of their contributions to cancer pathogenicity has yet to be fully understood. Here, we report a critical role for upregulation of the TGFβ/BMP family member GDF15 (MIC-1) in tumor stroma. GDF15 was found upregulated in situ and in primary cultures of CAF from prostate cancer. Ectopic expression of GDF15 in fibroblasts produced prominent paracrine effects on prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Notably, GDF15-expressing fibroblasts exerted systemic in vivo effects on the outgrowth of distant and otherwise indolent prostate cancer cells. Our findings identify tumor stromal cells as a novel source of GDF15 in human prostate cancer and illustrate a systemic mechanism of cancer progression driven by the tumor microenvironment. Further, they provide a functional basis to understand GDF15 as a biomarker of poor prognosis and a candidate therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bruzzese
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Leone
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Elin Sjöberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Kiflemariam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala; and
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala; and
| | - Peter Hammarsten
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Arne Ostman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Augsten
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Lewinshtein DJ, Porter CR, Nelson PS. Genomic predictors of prostate cancer therapy outcomes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:619-36. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Corre J. Growth differentiation factor 15 in multiple myeloma: a microenvironment factor predictive of response to treatment? Acta Haematol 2013; 131:170-2. [PMID: 24216505 DOI: 10.1159/000355129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Corre
- Unité de Génomique du Myélome, CHU Toulouse, and CRCT, INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France
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29
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Corre J, Hébraud B, Bourin P. Concise review: growth differentiation factor 15 in pathology: a clinical role? Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:946-52. [PMID: 24191265 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor β family discovered in a broad range of cells, as indicated by the diversity of its nomenclature. However, the only tissue that expresses a high amount of GDF15 in the physiologic state is placenta. GDF15 is easily detected in blood, and its concentration varies with age. In fact, increased blood concentration of GDF15 is associated with numerous pathological conditions. However, the biological significance underlying these observations is far from clear. GDF15 could have a positive or negative role depending on the state of cells or their environment. Furthermore, study of its biology is hampered by lack of knowledge of its receptor and thus the signaling pathways that drive its action. GDF15 seems to be an integrative signal in pathologic conditions, giving information on severity of disease. Its effectiveness in classifying patients to modulate treatment remains to be shown. Development of therapeutic interventions with GDF15 or anti-GDF15 agents remains difficult until we uncover the mechanism that drives its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Corre
- Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome, France
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30
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Liu Q, Harvey CT, Geng H, Xue C, Chen V, Beer TM, Qian DZ. Malate dehydrogenase 2 confers docetaxel resistance via regulations of JNK signaling and oxidative metabolism. Prostate 2013; 73:1028-37. [PMID: 23389923 PMCID: PMC3888097 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to chemotherapy represents a significant obstacle in prostate cancer therapeutics. Novel mechanistic understandings in cancer cell chemotherapeutic sensitivity and resistance can optimize treatment and improve patient outcome. Molecular alterations in the metabolic pathways are associated with cancer development; however, the role of these alterations in chemotherapy efficacy is largely unknown. METHODS In a bed-side to bench-side reverse translational approach, we used cDNA microarray and qRT-PCR to identify genes that are associated with biochemical relapse after chemotherapy. Further, we tested the function of these genes in cell proliferation, metabolism, and chemosensitivity in prostate cancer cell lines. RESULTS We report that the gene encoding mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) is overexpressed in clinical prostate cancer specimens. Patients with MDH2 overexpression had a significantly shorter period of relapse-free survival (RFS) after undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this clinical observation, we observed that MDH2 expression was elevated in prostate cancer cell lines compared to benign prostate epithelial cells. Stable knockdown of MDH2 via shRNA in prostate cancer cell lines decreased cell proliferation and increased docetaxel sensitivity. Further, MDH2 shRNA enhanced docetaxel-induced activations of JNK signaling and induced metabolic inefficiency. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest a novel function for MDH2 in prostate cancer development and chemotherapy resistance, in which MDH2 regulates chemotherapy-induced signal transduction and oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Z. Qian
- Corresponding author: David Z Qian, PhD, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH14R, Portland, Oregon 97239, Tel: 503-312-5912, Fax: 503-494-6197,
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Yang CZ, Ma J, Luo QQ, Neskey DM, Zhu DW, Liu Y, Myers JN, Zhang CP, Zhang ZY, Zhong LP. Elevated level of serum growth differentiation factor 15 is associated with oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:28-34. [PMID: 23710769 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although molecular mechanism of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not clear, the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum GDF15 detection has been noticed. However, serum GDF15 levels in patients with oral leukoplakia and GDF15 as a potential predictive biomarker for response to induction chemotherapy in patients with OSCC have not been reported. METHODS Pretreatment serum GDF15 concentration was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 healthy persons, 24 patients with oral leukoplakia, and 60 patients with OSCC. RESULTS Serum GDF15 concentration was significantly higher in patients with oral leukoplakia and OSCC, compared with healthy controls (F = 13.701, df = 2, P < 0.001). From a diagnostic standpoint, a cutoff value of 346.9 ng/l of serum GDF15 concentration was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve, with a sensitivity of 0.750, specificity of 0.867, Youden's Index of 0.617, and area under curve of 0.863. From a prognostic standpoint, patients with serum GDF15 concentration <346.9 ng/l had an improved 3-year disease-free survival rate (64.3% vs 56.5%) compared with those above 346.9 ng/l, but the difference was not statistically significant. A decreased concentration of GDF15 (<346.9 ng/l) showed a predictive trend toward an improved response to induction chemotherapy compared with elevated concentration with clinical response rates of 100% and 71.4%, respectively, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION Elevated GDF15 level may be not only a diagnostic biomarker for oral leukoplakia, but also a prognostic/predictive biomarker associated with decreased survival and diminished response to induction chemotherapy for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhe Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Marked improvement of cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel on highly metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by downregulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1079-91. [PMID: 23449353 PMCID: PMC3619053 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) frequently occurs during the progression of prostate cancer (PC) to androgen-independent (AI) and metastatic disease states and is associated with a poor outcome of patients. Methods: The gain- and loss-of-function analyses of MIC-1 were performed to establish its implications for aggressive and chemoresistant phenotypes of metastatic and AI PC cells and the benefit of its downregulation for reversing docetaxel resistance. Results: The results have indicated that an enhanced level of secreted MIC-1 protein in PC3 cells is associated with their acquisition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition features and higher invasive capacity and docetaxel resistance. Importantly, the downregulation of MIC-1 in LNCaP-LN3 and PC3M-LN4 cells significantly decreased their invasive capacity and promoted the antiproliferative, anti-invasive and mitochrondrial- and caspase-dependent apoptotic effects induced by docetaxel. The downregulation of MIC-1 in PC3M-LN4 cells was also effective in promoting the cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel on the side population (SP) endowed with stem cell-like properties and the non-SP cell fraction from PC3M-LN4 cells. Conclusion: These data suggest that the downregulation of MIC-1 may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of current docetaxel-based chemotherapies, eradicating the total mass of PC cells and thereby preventing disease relapse and the death of PC patients.
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Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) slows cancer development but increases metastases in TRAMP prostate cancer prone mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43833. [PMID: 22952779 PMCID: PMC3428289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15), a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily, is over-expressed by many common cancers including those of the prostate (PCa) and its expression is linked to cancer outcome. We have evaluated the effect of MIC-1/GDF15 overexpression on PCa development and spread in the TRAMP transgenic model of spontaneous prostate cancer. TRAMP mice were crossed with MIC-1/GDF15 overexpressing mice (MIC-1(fms)) to produce syngeneic TRAMP(fmsmic-1) mice. Survival rate, prostate tumor size, histopathological grades and extent of distant organ metastases were compared. Metastasis of TC1-T5, an androgen independent TRAMP cell line that lacks MIC-1/GDF15 expression, was compared by injecting intravenously into MIC-1(fms) and syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Whilst TRAMP(fmsmic-1) survived on average 7.4 weeks longer, had significantly smaller genitourinary (GU) tumors and lower PCa histopathological grades than TRAMP mice, more of these mice developed distant organ metastases. Additionally, a higher number of TC1-T5 lung tumor colonies were observed in MIC-1(fms) mice than syngeneic WT C57BL/6 mice. Our studies strongly suggest that MIC-1/GDF15 has complex actions on tumor behavior: it limits local tumor growth but may with advancing disease, promote metastases. As MIC-1/GDF15 is induced by all cancer treatments and metastasis is the major cause of cancer treatment failure and cancer deaths, these results, if applicable to humans, may have a direct impact on patient care.
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Altintas DM, Shukla MS, Goutte-Gattat D, Angelov D, Rouault JP, Dimitrov S, Samarut J. Direct cooperation between androgen receptor and E2F1 reveals a common regulation mechanism for androgen-responsive genes in prostate cells. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1531-41. [PMID: 22771493 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the regulation of ATAD2 gene expression by androgens in prostate cells. ATAD2 is a coactivator of the androgen receptor (AR) and the MYC protein. We showed that ATAD2 expression is directly regulated by AR via an AR binding sequence (ARBS) located in the distal enhancer of its regulatory region. The gene is also regulated by the E2F1 transcription factor. Using knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation technique approaches, we could demonstrate that AR and E2F1 functionally collaborate and physically interact between each other. From the analysis of chromatin conformation, we conclude that this cooperation results from a chromatin looping over the ATAD2 promoter region between the ARBS and E2F1 binding site in an androgen-dependent manner. Furthermore, we could show that several genes overexpressed in prostate cancer and potentially involved in several aspects of tumor development have an ARBS and an E2F1 binding site in their regulatory regions and exhibit the same mechanism of regulation by both transcription factors as ATAD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Altintas
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69346 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Growth/differentiation factor-15: prostate cancer suppressor or promoter? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012; 15:320-8. [PMID: 22370725 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of expression and function of cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family is often associated with various pathologies. For example, this cytokine family has been considered a promising target for cancer therapy. However, the detailed functions of several cytokines from the TGF-β family that could have a role in cancer progression and therapy remain unclear. One of these molecules is growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a divergent member of the TGF-β family. This stress-induced cytokine has been proposed to possess immunomodulatory functions and its high expression is often associated with cancer progression, including prostate cancer (PCa). However, studies clearly demonstrating the mechanisms for signal transduction and functions in cell interaction, cancer progression and therapy are still lacking. New GDF-15 roles have recently been identified for modulating osteoclast differentiation and for therapy for PCa bone metastases. Moreover, GDF-15 is as an abundant cytokine in seminal plasma with immunosuppressive properties. We discuss studies that focus on the regulation of GDF-15 expression and its role in tissue homeostasis, repair and the immune response with an emphasis on the role in PCa development.
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Mimeault M, Johansson SL, Batra SK. Pathobiological implications of the expression of EGFR, pAkt, NF-κB and MIC-1 in prostate cancer stem cells and their progenies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31919. [PMID: 22384099 PMCID: PMC3285632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of prostate cancers (PCs) to locally invasive, androgen-independent and metastatic disease states is generally associated with treatment resistance and disease relapse. The present study was undertaken to establish the possibility of using a combination of specific oncogenic products, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), pAkt, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for optimizing the management of patients with localized PC at earlier disease stages. The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence data have revealed that the expression levels of EGFR, Ser473-pAkt, NF-κB p65 and MIC-1 proteins were significantly enhanced in the same subset of 76 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens during the disease progression and these biomarkers were expressed in a small subpopulation of CD133+ PC cells and the bulk tumor mass of CD133− PC cells. Importantly, all of these biomarkers were also overexpressed in 80–100% of 30 PC metastasis bone tissue specimens. Moreover, the results have indicated that the EGF-EGFR signaling pathway can provide critical functions for the self-renewal of side population (SP) cells endowed with stem cell-like features from highly invasive WPE1-NB26 cells. Of therapeutic interest, the targeting of EGFR, pAkt, NF-κB or MIC-1 was also effective at suppressing the basal and EGF-promoted prostasphere formation by SP WPE1-NB26 cells, inducing disintegration of SP cell-derived prostaspheres and decreasing the viability of SP and non-SP WPE1-NB26 cell fractions. Also, the targeting of these oncogenic products induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis in chemoresistant SP WPE1-NB26 cells and enhanced their sensibility to the cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel. These findings suggest that the combined use of EGFR, pAkt, NF-κB and/or MIC-1 may represent promising strategies for improving the accuracy of current diagnostic and prognostic methods and efficacy of treatments of PC patients in considering the disease heterogeneity, thereby preventing PC progression to metastatic and lethal disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (SKB)
| | - Sonny L. Johansson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (SKB)
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Corre J, Labat E, Espagnolle N, Hébraud B, Avet-Loiseau H, Roussel M, Huynh A, Gadelorge M, Cordelier P, Klein B, Moreau P, Facon T, Fournié JJ, Attal M, Bourin P. Bioactivity and prognostic significance of growth differentiation factor GDF15 secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1395-406. [PMID: 22301101 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells occurs widely in patients with multiple myeloma, but the pathophysiologic effects of GDF15 in this setting remain undefined. GDF15 has been described in numerous solid tumors but never in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we report that GDF15 significantly increases survival of stroma-dependent multiple myeloma cells including primary multiple myeloma cells. In particular, GDF15 conferred resistance to melphalan, bortezomib, and to a lesser extent, lenalidomide in both stroma-dependent and stroma-independent multiple myeloma cells. Akt-dependent signaling was critical to mediate the effects of GDF15, whereas Src and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways were not involved. Given these results, we tested the clinical significance of plasma concentrations of GDF15 (pGDF15) in 131 patients with multiple myeloma and found that it correlated with disease prognosis. Specifically, patients with high levels of pGDF15 had lower probabilities of event-free and overall survival 30 months after diagnosis than patients with low pGDF15 levels. Our findings suggest that tumor microenvironment-derived GDF15 is a key survival and chemoprotective factor for multiple myeloma cells, which is pathophysiologically linked to both initial parameters of the disease as well as patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Corre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1037, Toulouse, France.
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Hegyesi H, Sándor N, Schilling B, Kis E, Lumniczky K, Sáfrány G. Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Low-Dose Gamma Radiation. RADIATION DAMAGE IN BIOMOLECULAR SYSTEMS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2564-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mahon KL, Henshall SM, Sutherland RL, Horvath LG. Pathways of chemotherapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:R103-23. [PMID: 21565970 DOI: 10.1530/erc-10-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the major treatment option for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and limited cytotoxic options are available. Inherent chemotherapy resistance occurs in half of all patients and inevitably develops even in those who initially respond. Docetaxel has been the mainstay of therapy for 6 years, providing a small survival benefit at the cost of significant toxicity. Cabazitaxel is a promising second-line agent; however, it is no less toxic, whereas mitoxantrone provides only symptomatic benefit. Multiple cellular pathways involving apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, signalling intermediaries, drug efflux pumps and tubulin are implicated in the development of chemoresistance. A thorough understanding of these pathways is needed to identify biomarkers that predict chemotherapy resistance with the aim to avoid unwarranted toxicities in patients who will not benefit from treatment. Until recently, the search for predictive biomarkers has been disappointing; however, the recent discovery of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 as a marker of chemoresistance may herald a new era of biomarker discovery in CRPC. Understanding the interface between this complex array of chemoresistance pathways rather than their study in isolation will be required to effectively predict response and target the late stages of advanced disease. The pre-clinical evidence for these resistance pathways and their progress through clinical trials as therapeutic targets is reviewed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Mahon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Missenden Road, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.
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40
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Caccia D, Zanetti Domingues L, Miccichè F, De Bortoli M, Carniti C, Mondellini P, Bongarzone I. Secretome compartment is a valuable source of biomarkers for cancer-relevant pathways. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4196-207. [PMID: 21751813 DOI: 10.1021/pr200344n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In principle, targeted therapies have optimal activity against a specific subset of tumors that depend upon the targeted molecule or pathway for growth, survival, or metastasis. Consequently, it is important in drug development and clinical practice to have predictive biomarkers that can reliably identify patients who will benefit from a given therapy. We analyzed tumor cell-line secretomes (conditioned cell media) to look for predictive biomarkers; secretomes represent a potential source for potential biomarkers that are expressed in intracellular signaling and therefore may reflect changes induced by targeted therapy. Using Gene Ontology, we classified by function the secretome proteins of 12 tumor cell lines of different histotypes. Representations and hierarchical relationships among the functional groups differed among the cell lines. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways. For example, we found that secretome proteins related to TGF-beta signaling in thyroid cancer cells, such as vasorin, CD109, and βIG-H3 (TGFBI), were sensitive to RPI-1 and dasatinib treatments, which have been previously demonstrated to be effective in blocking cell proliferation. The secretome may be a valuable source of potential biomarkers for detecting cancer and measuring the effectiveness of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Caccia
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Xu X, Li Z, Gao W. Growth differentiation factor 15 in cardiovascular diseases: from bench to bedside. Biomarkers 2011; 16:466-75. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.580006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Frequent gene products and molecular pathways altered in prostate cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies and novel promising multitargeted therapies. Mol Med 2011; 17:949-64. [PMID: 21607288 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent gene expression profiling analyses and gain- and loss-of-function studies performed with distinct prostate cancer (PC) cell models indicated that the alterations in specific gene products and molecular pathways often occur in PC stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during prostate carcinogenesis and metastases at distant sites, including bones. Particularly, the sustained activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, hyaluronan (HA)/CD44 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process may provide critical functions for PC progression to locally invasive, metastatic and androgen-independent disease states and treatment resistance. Moreover, an enhanced glycolytic metabolism in PC stem/progenitor cells and their progenies concomitant with the changes in their local microenvironment, including the induction of tumor hypoxia and release of diverse soluble factors by tumor myofibroblasts, also may promote the tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastases. More particularly, these molecular transforming events may cooperate to upregulate Akt, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and stemness gene products such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Bmi-1 in PC cells that contribute to their acquisition of high self-renewal, tumorigenic and invasive capacities and survival advantages during PC progression. Consequently, the molecular targeting of these deregulated gene products in the PC- and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies represent new promising therapeutic strategies of great clinical interest for eradicating the total PC cell mass and improving current antihormonal treatments and docetaxel-based chemotherapies, thereby preventing disease relapse and the death of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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A gene expression signature of acquired chemoresistance to cisplatin and fluorouracil combination chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16694. [PMID: 21364753 PMCID: PMC3041770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We initiated a prospective trial to identify transcriptional alterations associated with acquired chemotherapy resistance from pre- and post-biopsy samples from the same patient and uncover potential molecular pathways involved in treatment failure to help guide therapeutic alternatives. Methodology/Principal Findings A prospective, high-throughput transcriptional profiling study was performed using endoscopic biopsy samples from 123 metastatic gastric cancer patients prior to cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF) combination chemotherapy. 22 patients who initially responded to CF were re-biopsied after they developed resistance to CF. An acquired chemotherapy resistance signature was identified by analyzing the gene expression profiles from the matched pre- and post-CF treated samples. The acquired resistance signature was able to segregate a separate cohort of 101 newly-diagnosed gastric cancer patients according to the time to progression after CF. Hierarchical clustering using a 633-gene acquired resistance signature (feature selection at P<0.01) separated the 101 pretreatment patient samples into two groups with significantly different times to progression (2.5 vs. 4.7 months). This 633-gene signature included the upregulation of AKT1, EIF4B, and RPS6 (mTOR pathway), DNA repair and drug metabolism genes, and was enriched for genes overexpressed in embryonic stem cell signatures. A 72-gene acquired resistance signature (a subset of the 633 gene signature also identified in ES cell-related gene sets) was an independent predictor for time to progression (adjusted P = 0.011) and survival (adjusted P = 0.034) of these 101 patients. Conclusion/Significance This signature may offer new insights into identifying new targets and therapies required to overcome the acquired resistance of gastric cancer to CF.
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International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 1: specimen handling. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:6-15. [PMID: 20834234 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The 2009 International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference in Boston made recommendations regarding the standardization of pathology reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens. Issues relating to the handling and processing of radical prostatectomy specimens were coordinated by working group 1. Most uropathologists followed similar procedures for fixation of radical prostatectomy specimens, with 51% of respondents transporting tissue in formalin. There was also consensus that the prostate weight without the seminal vesicles should be recorded. There was consensus that the surface of the prostate should be painted. It was agreed that both the prostate apex and base should be examined by the cone method with sagittal sectioning of the tissue sample. There was consensus that the gland should be fully fixed before sectioning. Both partial and complete embedding of prostates was considered to be acceptable as long as the method of partial embedding is stated. No consensus was determined regarding the necessity of weighing and measuring the length of the seminal vesicles, the preparation of whole mounts rather than standardized blocks and the methodology for sampling of fresh tissue for research purposes, and it was agreed that these should be left to the discretion of the working pathologist.
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Divergent molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic functions of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:626-35. [PMID: 20578239 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, MIC-1, is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that plays key roles in the prenatal development and regulation of the cellular responses to stress signals and inflammation and tissue repair after acute injuries in adult life. The stringent control of the MIC-1 expression, secretion, and functions involves complex regulatory mechanisms and the interplay of other growth factor signaling networks that control the cell behavior. The deregulation of MIC-1 expression and signaling pathways has been associated with diverse human diseases and cancer progression. The MIC-1 expression levels substantially increase in cancer cells, serum, and/or cerebrospinal fluid during the progression of diverse human aggressive cancers, such as intracranial brain tumors, melanoma, and lung, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, colorectal, prostate, and breast epithelial cancers. Of clinical interest, an enhanced MIC-1 expression has been positively correlated with poor prognosis and patient survival. Secreted MIC-1 cytokine, like the TGF-beta prototypic member of the superfamily, may provide pleiotropic roles in the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. In particular, MIC-1 may contribute to the proliferation, migration, invasion, metastases, and treatment resistance of cancer cells as well as tumor-induced anorexia and weight loss in the late stages of cancer. Thus, secreted MIC-1 cytokine constitutes a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target of great clinical interest for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods and/or cancer treatment against numerous metastatic, recurrent, and lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
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Huo LR, Ju W, Yan M, Zou JH, Yan W, He B, Zhao XL, Jenkins EC, Brown WT, Zhong N. Identification of differentially expressed transcripts and translatants targeted by knock-down of endogenous PCBP1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1954-64. [PMID: 20624489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PCBP1 is a member of the hnRNP family and participates in the regulation of transcription and translation. Previously, we identified transcripts targeted by overexpression of exogenous PCBP1. To further determine if these altered transcripts may also be targeted by a lack of PCBP1, we depleted endogenous PCBP1 in human SH-SY5Y cells. We identified 941 transcripts with the Affymetrix and 1362 with the Agilent expression platforms. There were 375 transcripts identified by both platforms, including 328 down-regulated and 47 up-regulated. The identified transcripts could be grouped into neuronal, cell signaling, metabolic, developmental, and differentiation categories, with pathway involvement in Wnt signaling, TGF beta signaling, translation factors and nuclear receptors. A proteomic profiling study with a two-dimensional chromatographic platform showed global translational changes over a range of isoelectric points (pI)=4.84-8.42. This study identifies the transcripts affected by knock-down of endogenous PCBP1 and compares them to the transcripts affected by overexpression of PCBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Huo
- Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, Beijing 100083, China
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Roth P, Junker M, Tritschler I, Mittelbronn M, Dombrowski Y, Breit SN, Tabatabai G, Wick W, Weller M, Wischhusen J. GDF-15 contributes to proliferation and immune escape of malignant gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3851-9. [PMID: 20534737 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family. GDF-15 is necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy but has also been linked to other physiologic and pathologic conditions. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of GDF-15 in glioma cell lines was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunoblot. GDF-15 levels in situ and in the peripheral blood of glioma patients were examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The effects of short hairpin RNA-mediated GDF-15 inhibition on proliferation and immunogenicity of SMA-560 glioma cells were investigated by [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation and immune-mediated target cell lysis. The impact of GDF-15 on glioma growth in vivo was assessed in syngeneic mice. RESULTS GDF-15 is expressed by gliomas of different WHO grades as assessed by immunohistochemistry. The high expression of GDF-15 in tumor tissue translates into elevated GDF-15 serum levels in glioblastoma patients compared with healthy controls. GDF-15 mRNA and protein are also detectable in human and mouse glioma cells in vitro. Silencing of GDF-15 by RNA interference reduces the proliferation of malignant glioma cells. Immunologically, the depletion of glioma-derived GDF-15 enhances the susceptibility of mouse glioma cells towards syngeneic natural killer cells and splenocytes. This results in a reduced in vivo tumorigenicity and increased T-cell infiltration of GDF-15-deficient glioma cells in syngeneic mice. CONCLUSIONS Although previous studies focusing on ectopic overexpression of GDF-15 have proposed unclear or antitumorigenic effects of GDF-15 in glioma cells, we here show that GDF-15 at endogenous levels contributes to proliferation and immune escape of malignant gliomas in an immunocompetent host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Geng H, Rademacher BL, Pittsenbarger J, Huang CY, Harvey CT, Lafortune MC, Myrthue A, Garzotto M, Nelson PS, Beer TM, Qian DZ. ID1 enhances docetaxel cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells through inhibition of p21. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3239-48. [PMID: 20388787 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To identify potential mechanisms underlying prostate cancer chemotherapy response and resistance, we compared the gene expression profiles in high-risk human prostate cancer specimens before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical prostatectomy. Among the molecular signatures associated with chemotherapy, transcripts encoding inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) were significantly upregulated. The patient biochemical relapse status was monitored in a long-term follow-up. Patients with ID1 upregulation were found to be associated with longer relapse-free survival than patients without ID1 increase. This in vivo clinical association was mechanistically investigated. The chemotherapy-induced ID1 upregulation was recapitulated in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Docetaxel dose-dependently induced ID1 transcription, which was mediated by ID1 promoter E-box chromatin modification and c-Myc binding. Stable ID1 overexpression in LNCaP increased cell proliferation, promoted G(1) cell cycle progression, and enhanced docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in cellular mitochondria content, an increase in BCL2 phosphorylation at serine 70, caspase-3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. In contrast, ID1 siRNA in the LNCaP and C42B cell lines reduced cell proliferation and decreased docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting cell death. ID1-mediated chemosensitivity enhancement was in part due to ID1 suppression of p21. Overexpression of p21 in LNCaP-ID1-overexpressing cells restored the p21 level and reversed ID1-enhanced chemosensitivity. These molecular data provide a mechanistic rationale for the observed in vivo clinical association between ID1 upregulation and relapse-free survival. Taken together, it shows that ID1 expression has a novel therapeutic role in prostate cancer chemotherapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Geng
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Qian DZ, Rademacher BL, Pittsenbarger J, Huang CY, Myrthue A, Higano CS, Garzotto M, Nelson PS, Beer TM. CCL2 is induced by chemotherapy and protects prostate cancer cells from docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity. Prostate 2010; 70:433-42. [PMID: 19866475 PMCID: PMC2931415 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer is either inherently resistant to chemotherapy or rapidly acquires this phenotype after chemotherapy exposure. In this study, we identified a docetaxel-induced resistance mechanism centered on CCL2. METHODS We compared the gene expression profiles in individual human prostate cancer specimens before and after exposure to chemotherapy collected from previously untreated patients who participated in a clinical trial of preoperative chemotherapy. Subsequently, we used the gain- and loss-of-function approach in vitro to identify a potential mechanism underlying chemotherapy resistance. RESULTS Among the molecular signatures associated with treatment, several genes that regulate the inflammatory response and chemokine activity were upregulated including a significant increase in transcripts encoding the CC chemokine CCL2. Docetaxel increased CCL2 expression in prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. CCL2-specific siRNA inhibited LNCaP and LAPC4 cell proliferation and enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of low-dose docetaxel. In contrast, overexpression of CCL2 or recombinant CCL2 protein stimulated prostate cancer cell proliferation and rescued cells from docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity. This protective effect of CCL2 was associated with activation of the ERK/MAP kinase and PI3K/AKT, inhibition of docetaxel-induced Bcl2 phosphorylation at serine 70, phosphorylation of Bad, and activation of caspase-3. The addition of a PI3K/AKT inhibitor Ly294002 reversed the CCL2 protection and was additive to docetaxel-induced toxicity. CONCLUSION These results support a mechanism of chemotherapy resistance mediated by cellular stress responses involving the induction of CCL2 expression and suggest that inhibiting CCL2 activity could enhance therapeutic responses to taxane-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z. Qian
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Brooks L.S. Rademacher
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Janet Pittsenbarger
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Chung-Ying Huang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Anne Myrthue
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Mark Garzotto
- Division of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tomasz M. Beer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Zhao L, Lee BY, Brown DA, Molloy MP, Marx GM, Pavlakis N, Boyer MJ, Stockler MR, Kaplan W, Breit SN, Sutherland RL, Henshall SM, Horvath LG. Identification of candidate biomarkers of therapeutic response to docetaxel by proteomic profiling. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7696-703. [PMID: 19773444 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel chemotherapy improves symptoms and survival in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). However, approximately 50% of patients do not respond to Docetaxel and are exposed to significant toxicity without direct benefit. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers of Docetaxel resistance in HRPC. We used iTRAQ-mass spectrometry analysis to identify proteins associated with the development of Docetaxel resistance using Docetaxel-sensitive PC3 cells and Docetaxel-resistant PC3-Rx cells developed by Docetaxel dose escalation. Functional validation experiments were performed using recombinant protein treatment and siRNA knockdown experiments. Serum/plasma levels of the targets in patient samples were measured by ELISA. The IC(50) for Docetaxel in the PC3-Rx cells was 13-fold greater than the parent PC-3 cell line (P = 0.004). Protein profiling identified MIC-1 and AGR2 as respectively up-regulated and down-regulated in Docetaxel-resistant cells. PC-3 cells treated with recombinant MIC-1 also became resistant to Docetaxel (P = 0.03). Conversely, treating PC3-Rx cells with MIC-1 siRNA restored sensitivity to Docetaxel (P = 0.02). Knockdown of AGR2 expression in PC3 cells resulted in Docetaxel resistance (P = 0.007). Furthermore, increased serum/plasma levels of MIC-1 after cycle one of chemotherapy were associated with progression of the cancer (P = 0.006) and shorter survival after treatment (P = 0.002). These results suggest that both AGR2 and MIC-1 play a role in Docetaxel resistance in HRPC. In addition, an increase in serum/plasma MIC-1 level after cycle one of Docetaxel may be an indication to abandon further treatment. Further investigation of MIC-1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for Docetaxel resistance in HRPC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Zhao
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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