1
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Venugopala KN, Buccioni M. Current Understanding of the Role of Adenosine Receptors in Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:3501. [PMID: 39124905 PMCID: PMC11313767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex array of diseases, involves the unbridled proliferation and dissemination of aberrant cells in the body, forming tumors that can infiltrate neighboring tissues and metastasize to distant sites. With over 200 types, each cancer has unique attributes, risks, and treatment avenues. Therapeutic options encompass surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or a blend of these methods. Yet, these treatments face challenges like late-stage diagnoses, tumor diversity, severe side effects, drug resistance, targeted drug delivery hurdles, and cost barriers. Despite these hurdles, advancements in cancer research, encompassing biology, genetics, and treatment, have enhanced early detection methods, treatment options, and survival rates. Adenosine receptors (ARs), including A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 subtypes, exhibit diverse roles in cancer progression, sometimes promoting or inhibiting tumor growth depending on the receptor subtype, cancer type, and tumor microenvironment. Research on AR ligands has revealed promising anticancer effects in lab studies and animal models, hinting at their potential as cancer therapeutics. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways and interactions of adenosine receptors in cancer is pivotal for crafting targeted therapies that optimize benefits while mitigating drawbacks. This review delves into each adenosine receptor subtype's distinct roles and signaling pathways in cancer, shedding light on their potential as targets for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, ChIP, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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2
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Chen Q, Sun Y, Li H. Application of CAR-T cell therapy targeting mesothelin in solid tumor treatment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:289. [PMID: 39023820 PMCID: PMC11258118 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is one of the most effective immunotherapies. CAR-T-cell therapy has achieved great success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, due to the characteristics of solid malignant tumors, such as on-target effects, off-tumor toxicity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and insufficient trafficking, CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors is still in the exploration stage. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a molecule expressed on the surface of various solid malignant tumor cells that is suitable as a target of tumor cells with high MSLN expression for CAR-T-cell therapy. This paper briefly described the development of CAR-T cell therapy and the structural features of MSLN, and especially summarized the strategies of structure optimization of MSLN-targeting CAR-T-cells and the enhancement methods of MSLN-targeting CAR-T cell anti-tumor efficacy by summarizing some preclinical experiment and clinical trials. When considering MSLN-targeting CAR-T-cell therapy as an example, this paper summarizes the efforts made by researchers in CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors and summarizes feasible treatment plans by integrating the existing research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Huang Y, Fan H, Ti H. Tumor microenvironment reprogramming by nanomedicine to enhance the effect of tumor immunotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100902. [PMID: 38595331 PMCID: PMC11002556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of the fields of tumor biology and immunology, tumor immunotherapy has been used in clinical practice and has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, particularly for treating tumors that do not respond to standard treatment options. Despite its advances, immunotherapy still has limitations, such as poor clinical response rates and differences in individual patient responses, largely because tumor tissues have strong immunosuppressive microenvironments. Many tumors have a tumor microenvironment (TME) that is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and substantial numbers of immunosuppressive cells, and these are the main factors limiting the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. The TME is crucial to the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to improving the effects of immunotherapy by remodeling the TME. Effective regulation of the TME and reversal of immunosuppressive conditions are effective strategies for improving tumor immunotherapy. The use of multidrug combinations to improve the TME is an efficient way to enhance antitumor immune efficacy. However, the inability to effectively target drugs decreases therapeutic effects and causes toxic side effects. Nanodrug delivery carriers have the advantageous ability to enhance drug bioavailability and improve drug targeting. Importantly, they can also regulate the TME and deliver large or small therapeutic molecules to decrease the inhibitory effect of the TME on immune cells. Therefore, nanomedicine has great potential for reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironments and represents a new immunotherapeutic strategy. Therefore, this article reviews strategies for improving the TME and summarizes research on synergistic nanomedicine approaches that enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihui Ti
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Precise Medicine Big Date of Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Da J, Di X, Xie Y, Li J, Zhang L, Liu Y. Recent advances in nanomedicine for metabolism-targeted cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2442-2461. [PMID: 38321983 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism denotes the sum of biochemical reactions that maintain cellular function. Different from most normal differentiated cells, cancer cells adopt altered metabolic pathways to support malignant properties. Typically, almost all cancer cells need a large number of proteins, lipids, nucleotides, and energy in the form of ATP to support rapid division. Therefore, targeting tumour metabolism has been suggested as a generic and effective therapy strategy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomedicine promises to have a revolutionary impact on clinical cancer therapy due to many merits such as targeting, improved bioavailability, controllable drug release, and potentially personalized treatment compared to conventional drugs. This review comprehensively elucidates recent advances of nanomedicine in targeting important metabolites such as glucose, glutamine, lactate, cholesterol, and nucleotide for effective cancer therapy. Furthermore, the challenges and future development in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Da
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - XinJia Di
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - YuQi Xie
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - JiLi Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - LiLi Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - YanLan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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5
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Kostecki KL, Iida M, Crossman BE, Salgia R, Harari PM, Bruce JY, Wheeler DL. Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38254801 PMCID: PMC10814769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of the aerodigestive tract and are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases of HNC are diagnosed each year, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and while these treatments are still the backbone of current therapy, several immunotherapies have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been explored since the early 20th century, eventually coalescing into the current three-phase model of cancer immunoediting. During each of the three phases-elimination, equilibrium, and escape-cancer cells develop and utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain in the final phase, escape, at which point the tumor is able to grow and metastasize with little to no detrimental interference from the immune system. In this review, we summarize the many strategies used by HNC to escape the immune system, which include ways to evade immune detection, resist immune cell attacks, inhibit immune cell functions, and recruit pro-tumor immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney L. Kostecki
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Bridget E. Crossman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Paul M. Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Justine Y. Bruce
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Deric L. Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
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6
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Bhatt K, Nukovic A, Colombani T, Bencherif SA. Biomaterial-assisted local oxygenation safeguards the prostimulatory phenotype and functions of human dendritic cells in hypoxia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278397. [PMID: 38169677 PMCID: PMC10758617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, function as sentinels of the immune system. DCs initiate and fine-tune adaptive immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to B and T lymphocytes to mount an effective immune response against cancer and pathogens. However, hypoxia, a condition characterized by low oxygen (O2) tension in different tissues, significantly impacts DC functions, including antigen uptake, activation and maturation, migration, as well as T-cell priming and proliferation. In this study, we employed O2-releasing biomaterials (O2-cryogels) to study the effect of localized O2 supply on human DC phenotype and functions. Our results indicate that O2-cryogels effectively mitigate DC exposure to hypoxia under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, O2-cryogels counteract hypoxia-induced inhibition of antigen uptake and migratory activity in DCs through O2 release and hyaluronic acid (HA) mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, O2-cryogels preserve and restore DC maturation and co-stimulation markers, including HLA-DR, CD86, and CD40, along with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in hypoxic conditions. Finally, our findings demonstrate that the supplemental O2 released from the cryogels preserves DC-mediated T-cell priming, ultimately leading to the activation and proliferation of allogeneic CD3+ T cells. This work emphasizes the potential of local oxygenation as a powerful immunomodulatory agent to improve DC activation and functions in hypoxia, offering new approaches for cancer and infectious disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Nukovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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7
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Wei P, Kou W, Riaz F, Zhang K, Fu J, Pan F. Combination therapy of HIFα inhibitors and Treg depletion strengthen the anti-tumor immunity in mice. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250182. [PMID: 37615189 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), under hypoxic conditions, is known to play an oxygen sensor stabilizing role by exerting context- and cell-dependent stimulatory and inhibitory functions in immune cells. Nevertheless, how HIF1α regulates T cell differentiation and functions in tumor settings has not been elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that T-cell-specific deletion of HIF1α improves the inflammatory potential and memory phenotype of CD8+ T cells. We validated that T cell-specific HIF1α ablation reduced the B16 melanomas development with the indication of ameliorated antitumor immune response with enhanced IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells despite the increase in the Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population. This was further verified by treating tumor-bearing mice with a HIF1α inhibitor. Results indicated that HIF1α inhibitor also recapitulates HIF1α ablation effects by declining tumor growth and enhancing the memory and inflammatory potential of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, a combination of Treg inhibitor with HIF1α inhibitor can substantially reduce tumor size. Collectively, these findings highlight the notable roles of HIF1α in distinct CD8+ T-cell subsets. This study suggests the significant implications for enhancing the potential of T cell-based antitumor immunity by combining HIF1α and Tregs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development, and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Kou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development, and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Farooq Riaz
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kaimin Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Gao D, Fang L, Liu C, Yang M, Yu X, Wang L, Zhang W, Sun C, Zhuang J. Microenvironmental regulation in tumor progression: Interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115622. [PMID: 37783155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), the "soil" on which tumor cells grow, has an important role in regulating the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells as well as their response to treatment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as the most abundant stromal cells of the TME, can not only directly alter the immunosuppressive effect of the TME through their own metabolism, but also influence the aggregation and function of immune cells by secreting a large number of cytokines and chemokines, reducing the body's immune surveillance of tumor cells and making them more prone to immune escape. Our study provides a comprehensive review of fibroblast chemotaxis, malignant transformation, metabolic characteristics, and interactions with immune cells. In addition, the current small molecule drugs targeting CAFs have been summarized, including both natural small molecules and targeted drugs for current clinical therapeutic applications. A complete review of the role of fibroblasts in TME from an immune perspective is presented, which has important implications in improving the efficiency of immunotherapy by targeting fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Mengrui Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Longyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China; Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
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9
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Colombani T, Rogers ZJ, Bhatt K, Sinoimeri J, Gerbereux L, Hamrangsekachaee M, Bencherif SA. Hypoxia-inducing cryogels uncover key cancer-immune cell interactions in an oxygen-deficient tumor microenvironment. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:279-295. [PMID: 37600932 PMCID: PMC10432785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major factor shaping the immune landscape, and several cancer models have been developed to emulate hypoxic tumors. However, to date, they still have several limitations, such as the lack of reproducibility, inadequate biophysical cues, limited immune cell infiltration, and poor oxygen (O2) control, leading to non-pathophysiological tumor responses. Therefore, it is essential to develop better cancer models that mimic key features of the tumor extracellular matrix and recreate tumor-associated hypoxia while allowing cell infiltration and cancer-immune cell interactions. Herein, hypoxia-inducing cryogels (HICs) have been engineered using hyaluronic acid (HA) to fabricate three-dimensional microtissues and model a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Specifically, tumor cell-laden HICs have been designed to deplete O2 locally and induce long-standing hypoxia. HICs promoted changes in hypoxia-responsive gene expression and phenotype, a metabolic adaptation to anaerobic glycolysis, and chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, HIC-supported tumor models induced dendritic cell (DC) inhibition, revealing a phenotypic change in the plasmacytoid DC (pDC) subset and an impaired conventional DC (cDC) response in hypoxia. Lastly, our HIC-based melanoma model induced CD8+ T cell inhibition, a condition associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, increased expression of immunomodulatory factors, and decreased degranulation and cytotoxic capacity of T cells. Overall, these data suggest that HICs can be used as a tool to model solid-like tumor microenvironments and has great potential to deepen our understanding of cancer-immune cell relationship in low O2 conditions and may pave the way for developing more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Khushbu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Sinoimeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Lauren Gerbereux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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10
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Oliveros A, Poleschuk M, Cole PD, Boison D, Jang MH. Chemobrain: An accelerated aging process linking adenosine A 2A receptor signaling in cancer survivors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:267-305. [PMID: 37741694 PMCID: PMC10947554 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has a significant positive impact in cancer treatment outcomes, reducing recurrence and mortality. However, many cancer surviving children and adults suffer from aberrant chemotherapy neurotoxic effects on learning, memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. This chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is referred to as "chemobrain" or "chemofog". While the underlying mechanisms mediating CICI are still unclear, there is strong evidence that chemotherapy accelerates the biological aging process, manifesting as effects which include telomere shortening, epigenetic dysregulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial defects, impaired neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation, all of which are known to contribute to increased anxiety and neurocognitive decline. Despite the increased prevalence of CICI, there exists a lack of mechanistic understanding by which chemotherapy detrimentally affects cognition in cancer survivors. Moreover, there are no approved therapeutic interventions for this condition. To address this gap in knowledge, this review attempts to identify how adenosine signaling, particularly through the adenosine A2A receptor, can be an essential tool to attenuate accelerated aging phenotypes. Importantly, the adenosine A2A receptor uniquely stands at the crossroads of cancer treatment and improved cognition, given that it is widely known to control tumor induced immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, while also posited to be an essential regulator of cognition in neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, we propose that the adenosine A2A receptor may provide a multifaceted therapeutic strategy to enhance anticancer activity, while combating chemotherapy induced cognitive deficits, both which are essential to provide novel therapeutic interventions against accelerated aging in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Poleschuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Peter D Cole
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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11
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Shafqat A, Omer MH, Ahmed EN, Mushtaq A, Ijaz E, Ahmed Z, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment: exploiting angiogenesis and thrombosis to enhance immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200941. [PMID: 37520562 PMCID: PMC10374407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the immunosuppressive effects of tumor angiogenesis and coagulation on the tumor microenvironment (TME). We summarize previous research efforts leveraging these observations and targeting these processes to enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Clinical trials have documented improved outcomes when combining anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy. However, their overall survival benefit over conventional therapy remains limited and certain tumors exhibit poor response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Additionally, whilst preclinical studies have shown several components of the tumor coagulome to curb effective anti-tumor immune responses, the clinical studies reporting combinations of anticoagulants with immunotherapies have demonstrated variable treatment outcomes. By reviewing the current state of the literature on this topic, we address the key questions and future directions in the field, the answers of which are crucial for developing effective strategies to reprogram the TME in order to further the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Mushtaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Eman Ijaz
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zara Ahmed
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Chen Q, Chen J, Zhang Q, Yang P, Gu R, Ren H, Dai Y, Huang S, Wu J, Wu X, Hu Y, Yuan A. Combining High-Z Sensitized Radiotherapy with CD73 Blockade to Boost Tumor Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37327456 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) has the capacity to induce immunogenic death in tumor cells, thereby potentially inducing in situ vaccination (ISV) to prime systemic antitumor immune responses. However, RT alone is often faced with various limitations during ISV induction, such as insufficient X-ray deposition and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. To overcome these limitations, we constructed nanoscale coordination particles AmGd-NPs by self-assembling high-Z metal gadolinium (Gd) and small molecular CD73 inhibitor AmPCP. Then, AmGd-NPs could synergize with RT to enhance immunogenic cell death, improve phagocytosis, and promote antigen presentation. Additionally, AmGd-NPs could also gradually release AmPCP to inhibit CD73's enzymatic activity and prevent the conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine (Ado), thereby driving a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment that promotes DC maturation. As a result, AmGd-NPs sensitized RT induced potent in situ vaccination and boosted CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor immune responses against both primary and metastatic tumors, which could also be potentiated by immune checkpoint inhibitory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Peizheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Evaluation Center of Jiangsu Medical Products Administration, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ahu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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13
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Liu Z, Liang Q, Ren Y, Guo C, Ge X, Wang L, Cheng Q, Luo P, Zhang Y, Han X. Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:200. [PMID: 37179335 PMCID: PMC10182360 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as immunosenescence). During aging, organisms tend to develop a characteristic inflammatory state that expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory markers, termed inflammaging. This chronic inflammation is a typical phenomenon linked to immunosenescence and it is considered the major risk factor for age-related diseases. Thymic involution, naïve/memory cell ratio imbalance, dysregulated metabolism, and epigenetic alterations are striking features of immunosenescence. Disturbed T-cell pools and chronic antigen stimulation mediate premature senescence of immune cells, and senescent immune cells develop a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that exacerbates inflammaging. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be addressed, it is well documented that senescent T cells and inflammaging might be major driving forces in immunosenescence. Potential counteractive measures will be discussed, including intervention of cellular senescence and metabolic-epigenetic axes to mitigate immunosenescence. In recent years, immunosenescence has attracted increasing attention for its role in tumor development. As a result of the limited participation of elderly patients, the impact of immunosenescence on cancer immunotherapy is unclear. Despite some surprising results from clinical trials and drugs, it is necessary to investigate the role of immunosenescence in cancer and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qimeng Liang
- Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 4500052, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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14
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Han J, Dong L, Wu M, Ma F. Dynamic polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and their interaction with intratumoral T cells in an inflamed tumor microenvironment: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160340. [PMID: 37251409 PMCID: PMC10219223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has brought a paradigm shift in the treatment of tumors in recent decades. However, a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in shaping the TME by exhibiting dual identities as both mediators and responders of inflammation. TAMs closely interact with intratumoral T cells, regulating their infiltration, activation, expansion, effector function, and exhaustion through multiple secretory and surface factors. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous and plastic nature of TAMs renders the targeting of any of these factors alone inadequate and poses significant challenges for mechanistic studies and clinical translation of corresponding therapies. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms by which TAMs dynamically polarize to influence intratumoral T cells, with a focus on their interaction with other TME cells and metabolic competition. For each mechanism, we also discuss relevant therapeutic opportunities, including non-specific and targeted approaches in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies. Our ultimate goal is to develop macrophage-centered therapies that can fine-tune tumor inflammation and empower immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Han
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Luochu Dong
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Center for National Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Jin Y, Fu L. Engineer a double team of short-lived and glucose-sensing bacteria for cancer eradication. Cell Rep Med 2023:101043. [PMID: 37192627 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed and engineered bacteria represent an emerging unique approach for cancer treatment. Here, we engineer a short-lived bacterium, mp105, that is effective against diverse cancer types and safe for intravenous administration. We reveal that mp105 combats cancer by direct oncolysis, depletion of tumor-associated macrophages, and elicitation of CD4+ T cell immunity. We further engineer a glucose-sensing bacterium named m6001 that selectively colonizes solid tumors. When intratumorally injected, m6001 clears tumors more efficiently than mp105 due to its post-delivery replication in tumors and potent oncolytic capacity. Finally, we combine intravenous injection of mp105 and intratumoral injection of m6001, forming a double team against cancer. The double team enhances cancer therapy compared with single treatment for subjects carrying both intratumorally injectable and uninjectable tumors. The two anticancer bacteria and their combination are applicable to different scenarios, turning bacterial therapy for cancer into a feasible solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- New Portal Limited, 130-132 Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Rafii S, Ghouzlani A, Naji O, Ait Ssi S, Kandoussi S, Lakhdar A, Badou A. A2AR as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076688. [PMID: 37047660 PMCID: PMC10095519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are considered one of the most malignant tumors in the body. The immune system has the ability to control the initiation and development of tumors, including gliomas. Thus, immune cells find themselves controlled by various molecular pathways, inhibiting their activation, such as the immunosuppressive adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR). Our objective was to establish the expression profile and role of A2AR at the transcriptomic level, using real-time RT-PCR in Moroccan glioma patients, in addition to TCGA and CGGA cohorts. The real-time RT-PCR results in Moroccan patients showed that high expression of this gene was associated with poor survival in males. Our study on the CGGA cohort corroborated these results. In addition, there was a positive association of A2AR with T-cell exhaustion genes. A2AR also correlated strongly with genes that are primarily enriched in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and glioma growth. However, in the TCGA cohort, the A2AR showed results that were different from the two previously examined cohorts. In fact, this gene was instead linked to a good prognosis in patients with the astrocytoma histological type. The correlation and enrichment results reinforced the prognostic role of A2AR in this TCGA cohort, in which its high expression was shown to be related to lymphocyte differentiation and a successful cytolytic response, suggesting a more efficient anti-tumor immune response. Correlations and differential analyses based on A2AR gene expression, to understand the cause of the association of this gene with two different prognoses (CGGA males and TCGA Astrocytoma), showed that the overexpression of A2AR in Chinese male patients could be associated with the overexpression of extracellular adenosine, which binds to A2AR to induce immunosuppression and consequently a poor prognosis. However, in the second group (TCGA astrocytomas), the overexpression of the gene could be associated with an adenosine deficiency, and therefore this receptor does not undergo activation. The absence of A2AR activation in these patients may have protected them from immunosuppression, which could reflect the good prognosis. A2AR can be considered a promising therapeutic target in male CGGA and Moroccan patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Rafii
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Amina Ghouzlani
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Oumayma Naji
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Sarah Kandoussi
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | | | - Abdallah Badou
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco
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17
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Vascular Normalization Was Associated with Colorectal Tumor Regression upon Anti-PD-L1 Combinational Therapy. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5867047. [PMID: 36969495 PMCID: PMC10038742 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5867047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-L1 therapy exhibits durable efficacy, but only in a small fraction of cancer patients. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial obstacle that impedes cancer immunotherapy. Here, we found that anti-PD-L1 therapy coupled with CD4+ T cell depletion induced colorectal tumor regression and vascular normalization, while monotherapy only retarded tumor growth without affecting the tumor vasculature. Moreover, simultaneous PD-L1 blockade and CD4+ T cell depletion eradicated intratumoral PD-L1+ lymphoid and myeloid cell populations, while additively elevating the proportions of CD44+CD69+CD8+, central memory CD44+CD62L+CD8+, and effector memory CD44+CD62L-CD8+ T cells, suggesting a reduction in immunosuppressive cell populations and the activation of CD8+ T cells in the TME. Moreover, anti-PD-L1 therapy reduced the proportions of intratumoral PD-L1+ immune cells and suppressed tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that anti-PD-L1 therapy induces tumor vascular normalization and colorectal tumor regression via CD8+ T cells, which is antagonized by CD4+ T cells. Our findings unveil the positive correlation of tumor regression and vascular normalization in colorectal tumor models upon anti-PD-L1 therapy, providing a potential new strategy to improve its efficacy.
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18
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Salkin H, Satir-Basaran G, Korkmaz S, Burcin Gonen Z, Erdem Basaran K. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium and Methysergide give rise to crosstalk inhibition of 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors in neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res 2023; 1808:148354. [PMID: 36997105 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (s): We aimed to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell secretome and methysergide combination on 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A, (5-HT2AR), 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 (5-HT7R), adenosine 2A (A2AR) receptors and CD73 on neuroblastoma cell line and how they affect biological characteristics. Methysergide was used as a serotonin antagonist on the neuroblastoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) used to obtain conditioned medium (CM). Methysergide drug was prepared in CM and applied to neuroblastoma cells. Analysis of 5-HT7R, 5-HT2AR, A2AR and CD73 expressions was performed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Total apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, Ki-67 proliferation test, viability analysis, DNA damage and cell cycle analysis were performed in accordance with the product procedure by using biological activity test kits. RESULTS Our results showed that neuroblastoma cancer cells are normally on the Gs signaling axis via the serotonin 7 receptor and the adenosine 2A receptor. CM and Methysergide inhibited the 5-HT7 and A2A receptor levels in neuroblastoma cells. We found that CM and methysergide formed crosstalk inhibition between 5-HT2AR, 5-HT7R, A2AR and CD73. CM and Methysergide increased the total apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells and induced the mitochondrial membrane depolarization. CM and Methysergide induced the DNA damage and arrested in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle of the neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the combination of CM and methysergite may exert a therapeutic effect on neuroblastoma cancer cells, and future in vivo studies may be important in area of neuroblastoma research to support the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Salkin
- Beykent University, Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Program of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Istanbul, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Guzide Satir-Basaran
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seyda Korkmaz
- Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Burcin Gonen
- Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kemal Erdem Basaran
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey
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19
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Colombani T, Rogers ZJ, Bhatt K, Sinoimeri J, Gerbereux L, Hamrangsekachaee M, Bencherif SA. Hypoxia-inducing cryogels uncover key cancer-immune cell interactions in an oxygen-deficient tumor microenvironment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523477. [PMID: 36711715 PMCID: PMC9882080 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, an important feature of solid tumors, is a major factor shaping the immune landscape, and several cancer models have been developed to emulate hypoxic tumors. However, to date, they still have several limitations, such as the lack of reproducibility, inadequate biophysical cues, limited immune cell infiltration, and poor oxygen (O 2 ) control, leading to non-pathophysiological tumor responses. As a result, it is essential to develop new and improved cancer models that mimic key features of the tumor extracellular matrix and recreate tumor-associated hypoxia while allowing cell infiltration and cancer-immune cell interactions. Herein, hypoxia-inducing cryogels (HICs) have been engineered using hyaluronic acid (HA) as macroporous scaffolds to fabricate three-dimensional microtissues and model a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Specifically, tumor cell-laden HICs have been designed to deplete O 2 locally and induce long-standing hypoxia. This state of low oxygen tension, leading to HIF-1α stabilization in tumor cells, resulted in changes in hypoxia-responsive gene expression and phenotype, a metabolic adaptation to anaerobic glycolysis, and chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, HIC-supported tumor models induced dendritic cell (DC) inhibition, revealing a phenotypic change in plasmacytoid B220 + DC (pDC) subset and an impaired conventional B220 - DC (cDC) response in hypoxia. Lastly, our HIC-based melanoma model induced CD8+ T cell inhibition, a condition associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, increased expression of immunomodulatory factors, and decreased degranulation and cytotoxic capacity of T cells. Overall, these data suggest that HICs can be used as a tool to model solid-like tumor microenvironments and identify a phenotypic transition from cDC to pDC in hypoxia and the key contribution of HA in retaining cDC phenotype and inducing their hypoxia-mediated immunosuppression. This technology has great potential to deepen our understanding of the complex relationships between cancer and immune cells in low O 2 conditions and may pave the way for developing more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Khushbu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Sinoimeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Lauren Gerbereux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Hamrangsekachaee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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20
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Daei Sorkhabi A, Mohamed Khosroshahi L, Sarkesh A, Mardi A, Aghebati-Maleki A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. The current landscape of CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors: Mechanisms, research progress, challenges, and counterstrategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113882. [PMID: 37020537 PMCID: PMC10067596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in treating hematologic cancers have increased the previously unprecedented excitement to use this innovative approach in treating various forms of human cancers. Although researchers have put a lot of work into maximizing the effectiveness of these cells in the context of solid tumors, few studies have discussed challenges and potential strategies to overcome them. Restricted trafficking and infiltration into the tumor site, hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen escape and heterogeneity, CAR T-cell exhaustion, and severe life-threatening toxicities are a few of the major obstacles facing CAR T-cells. CAR designs will need to go beyond the traditional architectures in order to get over these limitations and broaden their applicability to a larger range of malignancies. To enhance the safety, effectiveness, and applicability of this treatment modality, researchers are addressing the present challenges with a wide variety of engineering strategies as well as integrating several therapeutic tactics. In this study, we reviewed the antigens that CAR T-cells have been clinically trained to recognize, as well as counterstrategies to overcome the limitations of CAR T-cell therapy, such as recent advances in CAR T-cell engineering and the use of several therapies in combination to optimize their clinical efficacy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Daei Sorkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Leili Aghebati-Maleki, ; Behzad Baradaran,
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Leili Aghebati-Maleki, ; Behzad Baradaran,
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21
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Li X, Jiang C, Jia X, Cao Y, Mao Y, Hao JN, Yang Y, Zhang P, Li Y. Dual "Unlocking" Strategy to Overcome Inefficient Nanomedicine Delivery and Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic-Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202467. [PMID: 36377480 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lacking blood vessels is one of the main characteristics of most solid tumors due to their rapid and unrestricted growth, which thus causes the inefficient delivery efficiency of nanomedicine and tumor hypoxia. Herein, a dual "unlocking" strategy to overcome these obstacles is proposed by combining engineered hybrid nanoparticles (named ZnPc@FOM-Pt) with dexamethasone (DXM). It is verified that pretreatment of tumors with DXM can increase intratumorally micro-vessel density (delivery "unlocking") to enhance the tumor delivery efficiency of ZnPc@FOM-Pt and decrease HIF-1α expression. Correspondingly, more Pt can catalyze tumor-overexpressed H2 O2 to produce oxygen to further cause hypoxia "unlocking," ultimately achieving boosted ZnPc-based photodynamic therapy in vivo (tumor inhibition rate: 99.1%). Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is efficiently reversed and the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1-based immunotherapy is promoted by this newly designed nanomedicine. This dual "unlocking" strategy provides an innovative paradigm on simultaneously enhancing nanomedicine delivery efficacy and hypoxia relief for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Li
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Na Hao
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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22
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Huo Y, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Jin G, Tao L, Yao H, Zhang J, Sun Y, Liu Y, Hu LP. GJB3 promotes pancreatic cancer liver metastasis by enhancing the polarization and survival of neutrophil. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983116. [PMID: 36341459 PMCID: PMC9627207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are membrane expressed proteins, which could assemble into hexamers to transfer metabolites and secondary messengers. However, its roles in pancreatic cancer metastasis remains unknown. In this study, by comparing the gene expression patterns in primary pancreatic cancer patients primary and liver metastasis specimens, we found that Gap Junction Protein Beta 3 (GJB3) significantly increased in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) liver metastasis. Animal experiments verified that GJB3 depletion suppressed the hepatic metastasis of PDAC cancer cells. Further, GJB3 over expression increased the neutrophil infiltration. Mechanistic study revealed that GJB3 form channels between PDAC tumor cells and accumulated neutrophil, which transfer cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from cancer to neutrophil cells, which supports the survival and polarization. Taken together, our data suggesting that GJB3 could act as a potential therapeutic target of PDAC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmiao Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxin Jin
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Lyou Y, Dorff TB. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Treatment in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current clinical trials and future directions. KIDNEY CANCER 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has long been found to be responsive to immunotherapy. While high dose interleukin-2 resulted in some durable remissions, this treatment has largely been replaced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, due to the safer toxicity profile and emerging evidence for long term remissions. However, the majority of patients continue to face disease progression and death from metastatic RCC. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T) represent the next step in immunotherapy for this malignancy and hold promise for a higher rate of durable remissions. The realization of this therapeutic strategy for RCC will require identification of the best tumor antigen and T cell modifications and will depend on achieving remissions with an acceptable toxicity profile. This review summarizes current CAR T-cell treatment targets and clinical trials for metastatic RCC, highlighting the potential therapeutic impact as well as obstacles to successful development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Lyou
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Providence St. Jude Crosson Cancer Institute, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Tanya B. Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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24
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Xue Z, Li H, Xie W, Xu Y, Zhou L, Qu ZB. Benzo[ d]isoxazole Derivatives as Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1864-1869. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zian Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Huiti Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wenhao Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhi-bei Qu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200120, China
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25
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Zhu Y, Li X, Wang L, Hong X, Yang J. Metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk of cancer-related fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:988295. [PMID: 36046791 PMCID: PMC9421293 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.988295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is notorious that cancer cells alter their metabolism to adjust to harsh environments of hypoxia and nutritional starvation. Metabolic reprogramming most often occurs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is defined as the cellular environment in which the tumor resides. This includes surrounding blood vessels, fibroblasts, immune cells, signaling molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is increasingly recognized that cancer cells, fibroblasts and immune cells within TME can regulate tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming. As the most significant proportion of cells among all the stromal cells that constitute TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression. Multitudinous studies have shown that CAFs participate in and promote tumor metabolic reprogramming and exert regulatory effects via the dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated that curbing the substance exchange between CAFs and tumor cells can dramatically restrain tumor growth. Emerging studies suggest that CAFs within the TME have emerged as important determinants of metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming also occurs in the metabolic pattern of immune cells. In the meanwhile, immune cell phenotype and functions are metabolically regulated. Notably, immune cell functions influenced by metabolic programs may ultimately lead to alterations in tumor immunity. Despite the fact that multiple previous researches have been devoted to studying the interplays between different cells in the tumor microenvironment, the complicated relationship between CAFs and immune cells and implications of metabolic reprogramming remains unknown and requires further investigation. In this review, we discuss our current comprehension of metabolic reprogramming of CAFs and immune cells (mainly glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism) and crosstalk between them that induces immune responses, and we also highlight their contributions to tumorigenesis and progression. Furthermore, we underscore potential therapeutic opportunities arising from metabolism dysregulation and metabolic crosstalk, focusing on strategies targeting CAFs and immune cell metabolic crosstalk in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwei Hong
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of General surgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
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26
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Lu X, Yang YM, Lu YQ. Immunosenescence: A Critical Factor Associated With Organ Injury After Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917293. [PMID: 35924237 PMCID: PMC9339684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive immune dysfunction associated with aging is known as immunosenescence. The age-related deterioration of immune function is accompanied by chronic inflammation and microenvironment changes. Immunosenescence can affect both innate and acquired immunity. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that affects parenchymal organs, such as the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, liver, urinary system, and central nervous system, according to the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA). The initial immune response is characterized by an excess release of inflammatory factors, followed by persistent immune paralysis. Moreover, immunosenescence was found to complement the severity of the immune disorder following sepsis. Furthermore, the immune characteristics associated with sepsis include lymphocytopenia, thymus degeneration, and immunosuppressive cell proliferation, which are very similar to the characteristics of immunosenescence. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of immunosenescence after sepsis and its subsequent effects on the organs may contribute to the development of promising therapeutic strategies. This paper focuses on the characteristics of immunosenescence after sepsis and rigorously analyzes the possible underlying mechanism of action. Based on several recent studies, we summarized the relationship between immunosenescence and sepsis-related organs. We believe that the association between immunosenescence and parenchymal organs might be able to explain the delayed consequences associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lu
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Qiang Lu,
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27
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Mao C, Yeh S, Fu J, Porosnicu M, Thomas A, Kucera GL, Votanopoulos KI, Tian S, Ming X. Delivery of an ectonucleotidase inhibitor with ROS-responsive nanoparticles overcomes adenosine-mediated cancer immunosuppression. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabh1261. [PMID: 35675434 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor evasion of immune destruction is associated with the production of immunosuppressive adenosine in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Anticancer therapies can trigger adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from tumor cells, causing rapid formation of adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, thereafter exacerbating immunosuppression in the TME. The goal of this study was to develop an approach to facilitate cancer therapy-induced immunogenic cell death including ATP release and to limit ATP degradation into adenosine, in order to achieve durable antitumor immune response. Our approach was to construct reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing nanoparticles that carry an ectonucleotidase inhibitor ARL67156 by electronic interaction and phenylboronic ester. Upon near-infrared irradiation, nanoparticle-produced ROS induced ATP release from MOC1 cancer cells in vitro and triggered the cleavage of phenylboronic ester, facilitating the release of ARL67156 from the nanoparticles. ARL67156 prevented conversion of ATP to adenosine and enhanced anticancer immunity in an MOC1-based coculture model. We tested this approach in mouse tumor models. Nanoparticle-based ROS-responsive drug delivery reprogramed the immunogenic landscape in tumors, eliciting tumor-specific T cell responses and tumor regression, conferring long-term survival in mouse models. We demonstrated that TME reprograming sets the stage for response to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) immunotherapy, and the combination resulted in tumor regression in a 4T1 breast cancer mouse model that was resistant to PD1 blockade. Furthermore, our approach also induced immunological effects in patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroid model, suggesting potential translation of our nanoparticle approach for treating human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiong Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Stacy Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mercedes Porosnicu
- Depatment of Internal Medicine - Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Depatment of Internal Medicine - Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gregory L Kucera
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Konstantinos I Votanopoulos
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Department of Surgery - Section of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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28
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Hypoxia-driven metabolic heterogeneity and immune evasive behaviour of gastrointestinal cancers: Elements of a recipe for disaster. Cytokine 2022; 156:155917. [PMID: 35660715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers refer to a group of malignancies associated with the GI tract (GIT). Like other solid tumors, hypoxic regions consistently feature inside the GI tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute towards metabolic reprogramming of tumor-resident cells by modulating hypoxia-induced factors. We highlight here how the metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells generate immunosuppressive environment inside hypoxic tumors. Given the fluctuating nature of tumor hypoxia, the metabolic fluxes between immune cells and cancer cells change dynamically. These changes alter cellular phenotypes and functions, resulting in the acceleration of cancer progression. These evolved properties of hypoxic tumors make metabolism-targeting monotherapy approaches or immunotherapy-measures unsuccessful. The current review highlights the advantages of combined immunometabolic treatment strategies to target hypoxic GI cancers and also identifies research areas to develop better combinational therapeutics for future.
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29
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Ruan S, Huang Y, He M, Gao H. Advanced Biomaterials for Cell-Specific Modulation and Restore of Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200027. [PMID: 35343112 PMCID: PMC9165523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the explosive development of cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, low immunogenicity, limited specificity, poor delivery efficiency, and off-target side effects remain to be the major limitations for broad implementation of cancer immunotherapies to patient bedside. Encouragingly, advanced biomaterials offering cell-specific modulation of immunological cues bring new solutions for improving the therapeutic efficacy while relieving side effect risks. In this review, focus is given on how functional biomaterials can enable cell-specific modulation of cancer immunotherapy within the cancer-immune cycle, with particular emphasis on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME)-resident cells. By reviewing the current progress in biomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy, here the aim is to provide a better understanding of biomaterials' role in targeting modulation of antitumor immunity step-by-step and guidelines for rationally developing targeting biomaterials for more personalized cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, the current challenge and future perspective regarding the potential application and clinical translation will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ruan
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Mei He
- College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32610USA
| | - Huile Gao
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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30
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Marofi F, Achmad H, Bokov D, Abdelbasset WK, Alsadoon Z, Chupradit S, Suksatan W, Shariatzadeh S, Hasanpoor Z, Yazdanifar M, Shomali N, Khiavi FM. Hurdles to breakthrough in CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:140. [PMID: 35365241 PMCID: PMC8974159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have shown promising outcomes and emerged as a new curative option for hematological malignancy, especially malignant neoplasm of B cells. Notably, when T cells are transduced with CAR constructs, composed of the antigen recognition domain of monoclonal antibodies, they retain their cytotoxic properties in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner. Despite its beneficial effect, the current CAR T cell therapy approach faces myriad challenges in solid tumors, including immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor antigen heterogeneity, stromal impediment, and tumor accessibility, as well as tribulations such as on-target/off-tumor toxicity and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Herein, we highlight the complications that hamper the effectiveness of CAR T cells in solid tumors and the strategies that have been recommended to overcome these hurdles and improve infused T cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Dmitry Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeid Alsadoon
- Dentistry Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanpoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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31
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Zhang J, Yang M, Fan X, Zhu M, Yin Y, Li H, Chen J, Qin S, Zhang H, Zhang K, Yu F. Biomimetic radiosensitizers unlock radiogenetics for local interstitial radiotherapy to activate systematic immune responses and resist tumor metastasis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:103. [PMID: 35246159 PMCID: PMC8895626 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Similar to other local therapeutic methods, local interstitial radiotherapy (IRT) also suffers from insufficient systematic immune activation, resulting in tumor metastasis. Results Mn-based IRT radiosensitizers consisting of 131I, MnO2 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (131I-MnO2-BSA) were engineered. Such Mn-based IRT radiosensitizers successfully unlocked radiogenetics to magnify systematic immune responses of local IRT via remodeling hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironments and resist tumor metastasis. The MnO2 in 131I-MnO2-BSA caused decomposition of H2O2 enriched in tumors to generate O2 for alleviating hypoxic microenvironment and removing tumor resistances to IRT. Concurrently, hypoxia mitigation by such radiosensitizers-unlocked radiogenetics can effectively remodel immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with regulatory T (Treg) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration inhibition to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which, along with hypoxia mitigation, activates systematic immune responses. More intriguingly, 131I-MnO2-BSA-enabled radiogenetics can upregulate PD-L1 expression, which allows anti-PD-L1-combined therapy to exert a robust antitumor effect on primary tumors and elicit memory effects to suppress metastatic tumors in both tumor models (4T1 and CT26). Conclusions IRT radiosensitizer-unlocked radiogenetics and the corresponding design principle provide a general pathway to address the insufficient systematic immune responses of local IRT. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01324-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqin Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Schützhold V, Gravemeyer J, Bicker A, Hager T, Padberg C, Schäfer J, Wrobeln A, Steinbrink M, Zeynel S, Hankeln T, Becker JC, Fandrey J, Winning S. Knockout of Factor-Inhibiting HIF ( Hif1an) in Colon Epithelium Attenuates Chronic Colitis but Does Not Reduce Colorectal Cancer in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1280-1291. [PMID: 35121641 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease such as chronic colitis promotes colorectal cancer, which is a common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Hypoxia is a characteristic of inflammation as well as of solid tumors and enforces a gene expression response controlled by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Once established, solid tumors are immunosuppressive to escape their abatement through immune cells. Although HIF activity is known to 1) promote cancer development and 2) drive tumor immune suppression through the secretion of adenosine, both prolyl hydroxylases and an asparaginyl hydroxylase termed factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) negatively regulate HIF. Thus, FIH may act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer development. In this study, we examined the role of colon epithelial FIH in a mouse model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer. We recapitulated colitis-associated colorectal cancer development in mice using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model in Vil1-Cre/FIH+f/+f and wild-type siblings. Colon samples were analyzed regarding RNA and protein expression and histology. Vil1-Cre/FIH+f/+f mice showed a less severe colitis progress compared with FIH+f/+f animals and a lower number of infiltrating macrophages in the inflamed tissue. RNA sequencing analyses of colon tissue revealed a lower expression of genes associated with the immune response in Vil1-Cre/FIH+f/+f mice. However, tumor occurrence did not significantly differ between Vil1-Cre/FIH+f/+f and wild-type mice. Thus, FIH knockout in colon epithelial cells did not modulate colorectal cancer development but reduced the inflammatory response in chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schützhold
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Gravemeyer
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Bicker
- Molekulargenetik und Genomanalyse, Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Padberg
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana Schäfer
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Wrobeln
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Seher Zeynel
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Molekulargenetik und Genomanalyse, Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and
| | - Jürgen Christian Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;
| | - Sandra Winning
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Liu G, Zhang Q, Liu G, Li D, Zhang L, Gu Z, Tian H, Zhang Y, Tian X. Disruption of adenosine 2A receptor improves the anti-tumor function of anti-mesothelin CAR T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112886. [PMID: 34673000 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been successfully used for the treatment of hematological malignancies including acute and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia. However, results of CAR T cell projects in solid tumors have been less impressive to date, partly because of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). It is widely known that high adenosine production is an important factor causing tumor-induced immunosuppression in TME, and adenosine mediates the suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses via binding and signaling through adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR). Previous studies have shown that adenosine generated by cancer cells significantly inhibits T cell anti-tumor activity through binding and then activating adenosine 2A receptors (A2aRs) of T cells. Based on the previous work, in our study, we evaluated whether A2aR disruption by shRNA could enhance the anti-tumor function of anti-mesothelin (MSLN) CAR T cells both in vitro and in vivo. For this goal above, we used MSLN-positive human ovarian serous carcinoma cells (SKOV3) and human colon cancer cells (HCT116) as target cancer cells while MSLN-negative human ovarian cancer cells (ES2) as non-target cancer cells. We observed that targeting cell-intrinsic A2aR through shRNA overexpression caused significant A2aR disruption in CAR T cells and profoundly increased CAR T cell efficacy in both CAR T cell cytokine production and cytotoxicity towards MSLN-positive cancer cells in vitro. More importantly, in SKOV3 xenograft mouse models, anti-MSLN CAR-T cells significantly reduced the tumor burden compared with non-transduced T cells, and the anti-tumor activity of A2aR-disrupted anti-MSLN CAR-T cells was stronger than that of wild-type anti-MSLN CAR-T cells. Altogether, our study showed enhanced anti-tumor efficacy caused by shRNA-mediated A2aR disruption in anti-MSLN CAR T cells both in vitro and in vivo, which proved that shRNA-mediated modification of gene expression might be an excellent strategy for improving CAR T cell function in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and could potentially improve the outcome of treatment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodi Liu
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dehua Li
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Linsong Zhang
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Zhangjie Gu
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Huixin Tian
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital of China Medical University and Liao Ning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, China.
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Kheshtchin N, Hadjati J. Targeting hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the tumor microenvironment for optimal cancer immunotherapy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1285-1298. [PMID: 34796969 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of new strategies of anticancer immunotherapies has provided promising approaches in the treatment of solid tumors. However, despite the improved survival in responders, most of the patients show incomplete responses with a lack of remarkable clinical improvement. Hypoxia has been identified as a common characteristic of solid tumors contributing to different aspects of tumor progression, including invasion, metastasis, and the creation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia, through its main mediator, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is also associated with the limited efficacy of immunotherapies. Therefore, designing new strategies for immunotherapy implicating therapeutic targeting of HIF-1 molecules may enhance the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the contribution of hypoxia to the development of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We will also outline different strategies for targeting hypoxia to provide insight into the therapeutic potential of the application of such strategies to improve the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kheshtchin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Tripathi A, Lin E, Xie W, Flaifel A, Steinharter JA, Stern Gatof EN, Bouchard G, Fleischer JH, Martinez-Chanza N, Gray C, Mantia C, Thompson L, Wei XX, Giannakis M, McGregor BA, Choueiri TK, Agarwal N, McDermott DF, Signoretti S, Harshman LC. Prognostic significance and immune correlates of CD73 expression in renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001467. [PMID: 33177176 PMCID: PMC7661372 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD73–adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment is immunosuppressive and may be associated with aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We investigated the prognostic significance of CD73 protein expression in RCC leveraging nephrectomy samples. We also performed a complementary analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset to evaluate the correlation of CD73 (ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E), CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1)) and A2 adenosine receptor (A2AR; ADORA2A) transcript levels with markers of angiogenesis and antitumor immune response. Methods Patients with RCC with available archived nephrectomy samples were eligible for inclusion. Tumor CD73 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantified using a combined score (CS: % positive cells×intensity). Samples were categorized as CD73negative (CS=0), CD73low or CD73high (< and ≥median CS, respectively). Multivariable Cox regression analysis compared disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between CD73 expression groups. In the TCGA dataset, samples were categorized as low, intermediate and high NT5E, ENTPD1 and ADORA2A gene expression groups. Gene expression signatures for infiltrating immune cells, angiogenesis, myeloid inflammation, and effector T-cell response were compared between NT5E, ENTPD1 and ADORA2A expression groups. Results Among the 138 patients eligible for inclusion, ‘any’ CD73 expression was observed in 30% of primary tumor samples. High CD73 expression was more frequent in patients with M1 RCC (29% vs 12% M0), grade 4 tumors (27% vs 13% grade 3 vs 15% grades 1 and 2), advanced T-stage (≥T3: 22% vs T2: 19% vs T1: 12%) and tumors with sarcomatoid histology (50% vs 12%). In the M0 cohort (n=107), patients with CD73high tumor expression had significantly worse 5-year DFS (42%) and 10-year OS (22%) compared with those in the CD73negative group (DFS: 75%, adjusted HR: 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.9, p=0.01; OS: 64%, adjusted HR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.8, p=0.02) independent of tumor stage and grade. In the TCGA analysis, high NT5E expression was associated with significantly worse 5-year OS (p=0.008). NT5E and ENTPD1 expression correlated with higher regulatory T cell (Treg) signature, while ADORA2A expression was associated with increased Treg and angiogenesis signatures. Conclusions High CD73 expression portends significantly worse survival outcomes independent of stage and grade. Our findings provide compelling support for targeting the immunosuppressive and proangiogenic CD73–adenosine pathway in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tripathi
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edwin Lin
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Wanling Xie
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - John A Steinharter
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Bouchard
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Fleischer
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nieves Martinez-Chanza
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connor Gray
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlene Mantia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Thompson
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiao X Wei
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bradley A McGregor
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren C Harshman
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Liu J, Chen J, Liu H, Zhang K, Zeng Q, Yang S, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Chen T, Li D, Shan H. Bi/Se-Based Nanotherapeutics Sensitize CT Image-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy through Reprogramming the Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42473-42485. [PMID: 34474563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The particular characteristics of hypoxia, immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, and the lack of accurate imaging guidance lead to the limited effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in reducing the recurrence rate and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This research developed a novel theranostic agent based on Bi/Se nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized by a simple reduction reaction method for in vivo CT image-guided SBRT sensitization in mice. After loading Lenvatinib (Len), the obtained Bi/Se-Len NPs had excellent performance in reversing hypoxia and the immune suppression status of HCC. In vivo CT imaging results uncovered that the radiotherapy (RT) area could be accurately labeled after the injection of Bi/Se-Len NPs. Under Len's unique and robust properties, in vivo treatment was then carried out upon injection of Bi/Se-Len NPs, achieving excellent RT sensitization effects in a mouse HCC model. Comprehensive tests and histological stains revealed that Bi/Se-Len NPs could reshape and normalize tumor blood vessels, reduce the hypoxic situation of the tumor, and upregulate tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes around the tumors. Our work highlights an excellent proposal of Bi/Se-Len NPs as theranostic nanoparticles for image-guided HCC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zeng
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Zebo Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Shan
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, P. R. China
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Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Hatfield SM, Rogers ZJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Memic A, Sitkovsky MV, Bencherif SA. Oxygen-Generating Cryogels Restore T Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity in Hypoxic Tumors. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2102234. [PMID: 37745940 PMCID: PMC10516343 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are protected from antitumor immune responses due to their hypoxic microenvironments. Weakening hypoxia-driven immunosuppression by hyperoxic breathing of 60% oxygen has shown to be effective in unleashing antitumor immune cells against solid tumors. However, efficacy of systemic oxygenation is limited against solid tumors outside of lungs and has been associated with unwanted side effects. As a result, it is essential to develop targeted oxygenation alternatives to weaken tumor hypoxia as novel approaches to restore immune responses against cancer. Herein, we report on injectable oxygen-generating cryogels (O2-cryogels) to reverse tumor-induced hypoxia. These macroporous biomaterials were designed to locally deliver oxygen, inhibit the expression of hypoxia-inducible genes in hypoxic melanoma cells, and reduce the accumulation of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine. Our data show that O2-cryogels enhance T cell-mediated secretion of cytotoxic proteins, restoring the killing ability of tumor-specific CTLs, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, O2-cryogels provide a unique and safe platform to supply oxygen as a co-adjuvant in hypoxic tumors and have the potential to improve cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hatfield
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michail V. Sitkovsky
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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Mandapathil M, Szczepanski MJ, Jackson EK, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Adenosine Enhances Generation and Suppressor Function of Human Adaptive Regulatory T Cells. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080754. [PMID: 34442398 PMCID: PMC8401826 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adaptive regulatory T cells (Tr1) are induced in the periphery by environmental stimuli. CD73 expression and adenosine (ADO) production by tumor cells may influence Tr1 generation and their immunosuppressive activity. Material and Methods: Tr1 were generated in co-cultures of CD4+CD25neg T cells, autologous immature dendritic cells (iDC), and irradiated ADO-producing CD73+ or non-producing CD73neg breast cancer (BrCa) cell lines (TU). The expression of ectonucleotidases and other surface markers on Tr1 was determined by flow cytometry. Tr1-mediated suppression of proliferation was evaluated in CFSE-based assays. Luciferase-based ATP detection assays and mass spectrometry were used to measure ATP hydrolysis and ADO levels. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA or Luminex. CD73 expression on tumor cells or T cells in TU tissues was assessed by immunofluorescence. Results: CD73+ TU induced higher numbers of Tr1 cells (p < 0.01) than CD73neg TU. Tr1TU73+ hydrolyzed more exogenous ATP, produced more ADO, and mediated higher suppression than Tr1TU73neg (p < 0.05 for all). ARL67156, an ectonucleotidase inhibitor, and ZM241385, A2A receptor antagonist, reduced suppression of proliferation mediated by Tr1TU73+ cells (p < 0.01). Basal-like primary BrCa cells expressed higher levels of ectonucleotidases and induced more Tr1 than less aggressive primary luminal-like BrCa. Conclusion: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magis Mandapathil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philipps University of Marburg, 35033 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-18-18-854144; Fax: +49-40-18-18-852237
| | | | - Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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Chen W, Shen L, Jiang J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Pan J, Ni C, Chen Z. Antiangiogenic therapy reverses the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment. Biomark Res 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 34294146 PMCID: PMC8296533 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis induces local hypoxia and recruits immunosuppressive cells, whereas hypoxia subsequently promotes tumor angiogenesis. Immunotherapy efficacy depends on the accumulation and activity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Antangiogenic therapy could improve local perfusion, relieve tumor microenvironment (TME) hypoxia, and reverse the immunosuppressive state. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy might represent a promising option for the treatment of breast cancer. This article discusses the immunosuppressive characteristics of the breast cancer TME and outlines the interaction between the tumor vasculature and the immune system. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy could interrupt abnormal tumor vasculature-immunosuppression crosstalk, increase effector immune cell infiltration, improve immunotherapy effectiveness, and reduce the risk of immune-related adverse events. In addition, we summarize the preclinical research and ongoing clinical research related to the combination of antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy, discuss the underlying mechanisms, and provide a view for future developments. The combination of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast cancer to promote tumor vasculature normalization and increase the efficiency of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Cancer-cell-biomimetic Upconversion nanoparticles combining chemo-photodynamic therapy and CD73 blockade for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2021; 337:90-104. [PMID: 34274385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy show clinical promise in destroying orthotopic tumors but are insufficient against abscopal metastases. The research reports the combined application of an anti-CD73 antibody and chemo-PDT to synergistically amplify the anti-metastatic effects of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. The cancer cell membrane (CM)-cloaked upconversion nanoparticles, integrating rose bengal (RB) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive polymer polyethylene glycol-thioketal-doxorubicin (PEG-TK-DOX, i.e., PTD), are tailored for near-infrared (NIR)-triggered chemo-PDT. CM camouflage enables nanoparticles' excellent tumor-targeting abilities and immune escape from macrophages. The combination of PDT and chemotherapy presents strong synergistic antitumor efficacy and synchronously causes a series of immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to tumor-specific immunity. The anti-CD73 antibody prevents the immunosuppression phenomenon in tumors by blocking the adenosine pathway, and it is emerging as a sufficient immune checkpoint blockade when combined with ICD-elicited tumor therapies. As cancer membrane camouflaged nanoparticles CM@UCNP-RB/PTD combined with anti-CD73 antibodies, synergistic efficacy of chemotherapy and PDT not only destroys the orthotopic tumors by DOX and cytotoxic ROS but also prevents abscopal tumor metastasis via inducing systemic cytotoxic T cell responses with CD73 blockade. This strategy is promising in curing metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in preclinical research.
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Yuan CS, Deng ZW, Qin D, Mu YZ, Chen XG, Liu Y. Hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials to relieve tumor hypoxic microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy: Where do we stand? Acta Biomater 2021; 125:1-28. [PMID: 33639310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed the blooming of emerging immunotherapy, as well as their therapeutic potential in remodeling the immune system. Nevertheless, with the development of biological mechanisms in oncology, it has been demonstrated that hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) seriously impairs the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. Hypoxia, caused by Warburg effect and insufficient oxygen delivery, has been considered as a primary construction element of TME and drawn tremendous attention in cancer therapy. Multiple hypoxia-modulatory theranostic agents have been facing many obstacles and challenges while offering initial therapeutic effect. Inspired by versatile nanomaterials, great efforts have been devoted to design hypoxia-based nanoplatforms to preserve drug activity, reduce systemic toxicity, provide adequate oxygenation, and eventually ameliorate hypoxic-tumor management. Besides these, recently, some curative and innovative hypoxia-related nanoplatforms have been applied in synergistic immunotherapy, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), immunomodulatory therapeutics, cancer vaccine therapy and immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect. Herein, the paramount impact of hypoxia on tumor immune escape was initially described and discussed, followed by a comprehensive overview on the design tactics of multimodal nanoplatforms based on hypoxia-enabled theranostic agents. A variety of nanocarriers for relieving tumor hypoxic microenvironment were also summarized. On this basis, we presented the latest progress in the use of hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials for synergistic immunotherapy and highlighted current challenges and plausible promises in this area in the near future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer immunotherapy, emerging as a novel treatment to eradicate malignant tumors, has achieved a measure of success in clinical popularity and transition. However, over the last decades, hypoxia-induced tumor immune escape has attracted enormous attention in cancer treatment. Limitations of free targeting agents have paved the path for the development of multiple nanomaterials with the hope of boosting immunotherapy. In this review, the innovative design tactics and multifunctional nanocarriers for hypoxia alleviation are summarized, and the smart nanomaterial-assisted hypoxia-modulatory therapeutics for synergistic immunotherapy and versatile biomedical applications are especially highlighted. In addition, the challenges and prospects of clinical transformation are further discussed.
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Semenza GL. Intratumoral Hypoxia and Mechanisms of Immune Evasion Mediated by Hypoxia-Inducible Factors. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:73-83. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems represents a promising strategy for defeating cancer. However, during tumor progression, cancer cells battle to shift the balance from immune activation to immunosuppression. Critical sites of this battle are regions of intratumoral hypoxia, and a major driving force for immunosuppression is the activity of hypoxia-inducible factors, which regulate the transcription of large batteries of genes in both cancer and stromal cells that block the infiltration and activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, while stimulating the infiltration and activity of regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors or their target gene products may restore anticancer immunity and improve the response to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L. Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering; and Departments of Genetic Medicine, Pediatrics, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Medicine, and Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wu G, Lee YY, Gulla EM, Potter A, Kitzmiller J, Ruben MD, Salomonis N, Whitsett JA, Francey LJ, Hogenesch JB, Smith DF. Short-term exposure to intermittent hypoxia leads to changes in gene expression seen in chronic pulmonary disease. eLife 2021; 10:63003. [PMID: 33599610 PMCID: PMC7909952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results from episodes of airway collapse and intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is associated with a host of health complications. Although the lung is the first organ to sense changes in oxygen levels, little is known about the consequences of IH to the lung hypoxia-inducible factor-responsive pathways. We hypothesized that exposure to IH would lead to cell-specific up- and downregulation of diverse expression pathways. We identified changes in circadian and immune pathways in lungs from mice exposed to IH. Among all cell types, endothelial cells showed the most prominent transcriptional changes. Upregulated genes in myofibroblast cells were enriched for genes associated with pulmonary hypertension and included targets of several drugs currently used to treat chronic pulmonary diseases. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying diseases associated with OSA could improve our therapeutic approaches, directing therapies to the most relevant cells and molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Yin Yeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Evelyn M Gulla
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Andrew Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Joseph Kitzmiller
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Marc D Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Jeffery A Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - David F Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and the Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
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44
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Veliça P, Cunha PP, Vojnovic N, Foskolou IP, Bargiela D, Gojkovic M, Rundqvist H, Johnson RS. Modified Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Expression in CD8 + T Cells Increases Antitumor Efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:401-414. [PMID: 33602720 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antitumor cytotoxic T cells is an emerging form of cancer immunotherapy. A key challenge to expanding the utility of adoptive cell therapies is how to enhance the survival and function of the transferred T cells. Immune-cell survival requires adaptation to different microenvironments and particularly to the hypoxic milieu of solid tumors. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors are an essential aspect of this adaptation. In this study, we undertook experiments to define structural determinants of HIF that potentiate antitumor efficacy in cytotoxic T cells. We first created retroviral vectors to deliver ectopic expression of HIF1α and HIF2α in mouse CD8+ T cells, together or individually and with or without sensitivity to the oxygen-dependent HIFα inhibitors Von Hippel-Lindau and factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH). HIF2α, but not HIF1α, drove broad transcriptional changes in CD8+ T cells, resulting in increased cytotoxic differentiation and cytolytic function against tumor targets. A specific mutation replacing the hydroxyl group-acceptor site for FIH in HIF2α gave rise to the most effective antitumor T cells after adoptive transfer in vivo In addition, codelivering an FIH-insensitive form of HIF2α with an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor greatly enhanced cytolytic function of human CD8+ T cells against lymphoma cells both in vitro and in a xenograft adoptive transfer model. These experiments point to a means to increase the antitumor efficacy of therapeutic CD8+ T cells via ectopic expression of the HIF transcription factor.See related Spotlight on p. 364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Veliça
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro P Cunha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nikola Vojnovic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iosifina Petrina Foskolou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Bargiela
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Milos Gojkovic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Our recent data and that of others demonstrate that both tumor and host CD73-generated adenosine promote tumor growth and metastasis in a multifactorial manner. Results with small molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies against CD73 in multiple tumor models suggest that CD73 is a previously unappreciated important target for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine; Cancer Therapy & Research Center; University of Texas Health Sciences Center; San Antonio, TX USA
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46
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Facciabene A, Santoro S, Coukos G. Know thy enemy: Why are tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells so deleterious? Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:575-577. [PMID: 22754792 PMCID: PMC3382887 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently described hypoxia as one of the leading mechanism for the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Treg) through CCL28 chemokine in ovarian cancer. Treg promote progression of cancer through tumor-specific immune paralysis but also reprogramming of angiogenesis. We review these mechanisms and discuss the challenges and opportunities for therapy targeting Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Facciabene
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center; Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA
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Mandapathil M, Szczepanski M, Harasymczuk M, Ren J, Cheng D, Jackson EK, Gorelik E, Johnson J, Lang S, Whiteside TL. CD26 expression and adenosine deaminase activity in regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4(+) T effector cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:659-669. [PMID: 22934258 PMCID: PMC3429570 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is responsible for the deamination of immunosuppressive adenosine to inosine. In human T lymphocytes, ADA is associated with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26). ADA expression and activity were evaluated in regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4(+) T effector cells (Teff) of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)CD39(neg) T cells were isolated by single-cell sorting from the peripheral blood of 15 HNSCC patients and 15 healthy donors (NC). CD26/ADA expression in these cells was studied by multicolor flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues. ADA activity was evaluated by mass spectrometry, suppression of Teff proliferation in CFSE assays and cytokine production by Luminex. CD4(+)CD39(+) Treg had low and CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff high CD26/ADA expression and ADA activity in NC or HNSCC. The frequency and suppressor activity of CD39(+)CD26(neg) Treg were elevated in patients relative to NC (p < 0.01). However, ADA activity in patients' CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff was decreased (p < 0.05), resulting in extracellular adenosine accumulation. Also, patients' Teff were more sensitive to inhibitory signals delivered via adenosine receptors. IL-2, IL12 and INFγ upregulated ADA expression and activity in CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff, whereas IL-10, PGE(2) and CADO downregulated it. The differentially expressed CD26/ADA can serve as surface markers for functionally-active CD39(+)CD26(neg) Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magis Mandapathil
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen, Germany
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Galgani M, Bruzzaniti S, La Rocca C, Micillo T, de Candia P, Bifulco M, Matarese G. Immunometabolism of regulatory T cells in cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 77:100936. [PMID: 33250195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are known to orchestrate the regulatory mechanisms aimed at suppressing pathological auto-reactive immune responses and are thus key in ensuring the maintenance of immune homeostasis. On the other hand, the presence of Treg cells with enhanced suppressive capability in a plethora of human cancers represents a major obstacle to an effective anti-cancer immune response. A relevant research effort has thus been dedicated to comprehend Treg cell biology, leading to a continuously refining characterization of their phenotype and function and unveiling the central role of metabolism in ensuring Treg cell fitness in cancer. Here we focus on how the peculiar biochemical characteristics of the tumor microenvironment actually support Treg cell metabolic activation and favor their selective survival and proliferation. Moreover, we examine the key metabolic pathways that may become useful targets of novel treatments directed at hampering tumor resident Treg cell proficiency, thus representing the next research frontier in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Galgani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131, Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia La Rocca
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Micillo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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Nayak L, Molinaro AM, Peters K, Clarke JL, Jordan JT, de Groot J, Nghiemphu L, Kaley T, Colman H, McCluskey C, Gaffey S, Smith TR, Cote DJ, Severgnini M, Yearley JH, Zhao Q, Blumenschein WM, Duda DG, Muzikansky A, Jain RK, Wen PY, Reardon DA. Randomized Phase II and Biomarker Study of Pembrolizumab plus Bevacizumab versus Pembrolizumab Alone for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1048-1057. [PMID: 33199490 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE VEGF is upregulated in glioblastoma and may contribute to immunosuppression. We performed a phase II study of pembrolizumab alone or with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty bevacizumab-naïve patients with recurrent glioblastoma were randomized to pembrolizumab with bevacizumab (cohort A, n = 50) or pembrolizumab monotherapy (cohort B, n = 30). The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6). Assessed biomarkers included evaluation of tumor programmed death-ligand 1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density, immune activation gene expression signature, and plasma cytokines. The neurologic assessment in neuro-oncology (NANO) scale was used to prospectively assess neurologic function. RESULTS Pembrolizumab alone or with bevacizumab was well tolerated but of limited benefit. For cohort A, PFS-6 was 26.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.3-41.5], median overall survival (OS) was 8.8 months (95% CI, 7.7-14.2), objective response rate (ORR) was 20%, and median duration of response was 48 weeks. For cohort B, PFS-6 was 6.7% (95% CI, 1.7-25.4), median OS was 10.3 months (95% CI, 8.5-12.5), and ORR was 0%. Tumor immune markers were not associated with OS, but worsened OS correlated with baseline dexamethasone use and increased posttherapy plasma VEGF (cohort A) and mutant IDH1, unmethylated MGMT, and increased baseline PlGF and sVEGFR1 levels (cohort B). The NANO scale contributed to overall outcome assessment. CONCLUSIONS Pembrolizumab was ineffective as monotherapy and with bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma. The infrequent radiographic responses to combinatorial therapy were durable. Tumor immune biomarkers did not predict outcome. Baseline dexamethasone use and tumor MGMT warrant further study as potential biomarkers in glioblastoma immunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leia Nghiemphu
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas Kaley
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Howard Colman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Sarah Gaffey
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - David J Cote
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Qing Zhao
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - Dan G Duda
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rakesh K Jain
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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