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Zhang J, Tang K, Fang R, Liu J, Liu M, Ma J, Wang H, Ding M, Wang X, Song Y, Yang D. Nanotechnological strategies to increase the oxygen content of the tumor. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1140362. [PMID: 36969866 PMCID: PMC10034070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1140362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a negative prognostic indicator of solid tumors, which not only changes the survival state of tumors and increases their invasiveness but also remarkably reduces the sensitivity of tumors to treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Thus, developing therapeutic strategies to alleviate tumor hypoxia has recently been considered an extremely valuable target in oncology. In this review, nanotechnological strategies to elevate oxygen levels in tumor therapy in recent years are summarized, including (I) improving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, (II) oxygen delivery to hypoxic tumors, and (III) oxygen generation in hypoxic tumors. Finally, the challenges and prospects of these nanotechnological strategies for alleviating tumor hypoxia are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kaiyuan Tang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Runqi Fang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiayi Ma
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Ding, ; Xiaoxiao Wang, ; Dongliang Yang,
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Ding, ; Xiaoxiao Wang, ; Dongliang Yang,
| | - Yanni Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Ding, ; Xiaoxiao Wang, ; Dongliang Yang,
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2
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Ye P, Cai P, Xie J, Zhang J. Reliability of BRAF mutation detection using plasma sample: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28382. [PMID: 34941166 PMCID: PMC8701458 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing of B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) mutation in tumor is necessary before targeted therapies are given. When tumor samples are not available, plasma samples are commonly used for the testing of BRAF mutation. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation testing using plasma sample of cancer patients. METHODS Databases of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies investigating BRAF mutation in paired tissue and plasma samples of cancer patients. A total of 798 publications were identified after database searching. After removing 229 duplicated publications, 569 studies were screened using the following exclusion criteria: (1) BRAF mutation not measured in plasma or in tumor sample; (2) lacking BRAF-wildtype or BRAF-mutated samples; (3) tissue and plasma samples not paired; (4) lacking tumor or plasma samples; (5) not plasma sample; (6) not cancer; (7) un-interpretable data. Accuracy data and relevant information were extracted from each eligible study by 2 independent researchers and analyzed using statistical software. RESULTS After pooling the accuracy data from 3943 patients of the 53 eligible studies, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of BRAF mutation testing using plasma sample were 69%, 98%, and 55.78, respectively. Area under curve of summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9435. Subgroup analysis indicated that BRAF mutation testing using plasma had overall higher accuracy (diagnostic odds ratio of 89.17) in colorectal cancer, compared to melanoma and thyroid carcinoma. In addition, next-generation sequencing had an overall higher accuracy in detecting BRAF mutation using plasma sample (diagnostic odds ratio of 63.90), compared to digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional PCR, while digital PCR showed the highest sensitivity (74%) among the 3 techniques. CONCLUSION BRAF testing using plasma sample showed an overall high accuracy compared to paired tumor tissue sample, which could be used for cancer genotyping when tissue sample is not available. Large prospective studies are needed to further investigate the accuracy of BRAF mutation testing in plasma sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Peiling Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial Fourth People's Hospital, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center, Chengdu, P.R. China
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3
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Mathien S, Tesnière C, Meloche S. Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Its Pharmacological Potential. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:263-296. [PMID: 34732541 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that play essential roles in transducing extracellular environmental signals into diverse cellular responses to maintain homeostasis. These pathways are classically organized into an architecture of three sequentially acting protein kinases: a MAPK kinase kinase that phosphorylates and activates a MAPK kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates the effector MAPK. The activity of MAPKs is tightly regulated by phosphorylation of their activation loop, which can be modulated by positive and negative feedback mechanisms to control the amplitude and duration of the signal. The signaling outcomes of MAPK pathways are further regulated by interactions of MAPKs with scaffolding and regulatory proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that, in addition to these mechanisms, MAPK signaling is commonly regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated control of the stability and abundance of MAPK pathway components. Notably, the biologic activity of some MAPKs appears to be regulated mainly at the level of protein turnover. Recent studies have started to explore the potential of targeted protein degradation as a powerful strategy to investigate the biologic functions of individual MAPK pathway components and as a new therapeutic approach to overcome resistance to current small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Here, we comprehensively review the mechanisms, physiologic importance, and pharmacological potential of UPS-mediated protein degradation in the control of MAPK signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of targeted protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in regulating and fine-tuning the signaling output of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Manipulating protein levels of MAPK cascade components may provide a novel approach for the development of selective pharmacological tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chloé Tesnière
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase CHIP: A double agent in cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1521-1555. [PMID: 36157498 PMCID: PMC9485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone belonging to Ubox family that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by switching the equilibrium of the folding-refolding mechanism towards the proteasomal or lysosomal degradation pathway. It links molecular chaperones viz. HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 with ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), acting as a quality control system. CHIP contains charged domain in between N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and C-terminal Ubox domain. TPR domain interacts with the aberrant client proteins via chaperones while Ubox domain facilitates the ubiquitin transfer to the client proteins for ubiquitination. Thus, CHIP is a classic molecule that executes ubiquitination for degradation of client proteins. Further, CHIP has been found to be indulged in cellular differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, CHIP can play its dual role as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in numerous malignancies, thus acting as a double agent. Here, in this review, we have reported almost all substrates of CHIP established till date and classified them according to the hallmarks of cancer. In addition, we discussed about its architectural alignment, tissue specific expression, sub-cellular localization, folding-refolding mechanisms of client proteins, E4 ligase activity, normal physiological roles, as well as involvement in various diseases and tumor biology. Further, we aim to discuss its importance in HSP90 inhibitors mediated cancer therapy. Thus, this report concludes that CHIP may be a promising and worthy drug target towards pharmaceutical industry for drug development.
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Sanchez JN, Subramanian C, Chanda M, Gary S, Zhang N, Wang T, Timmermann BN, Blagg BS, Cohen MS. A novel C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor KU758 synergizes efficacy in combination with BRAF or MEK inhibitors and targets drug-resistant pathways in BRAF-mutant melanomas. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:197-207. [PMID: 33904516 PMCID: PMC10565508 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma remains the most aggressive and fatal form of skin cancer, despite several FDA-approved targeted chemotherapies and immunotherapies for use in advanced disease. Of the 100 350 new patients diagnosed with melanoma in 2020 in the US, more than half will develop metastatic disease leading to a 5-year survival rate <30%, with a majority of these developing drug-resistance within the first year of treatment. These statistics underscore the critical need in the field to develop more durable therapeutics as well as those that can overcome chemotherapy-induced drug resistance from currently approved agents. Fortunately, several of the drug-resistance pathways in melanoma, including the proteins in those pathways, rely in part on Hsp90 chaperone function. This presents a unique and novel opportunity to simultaneously target multiple proteins and drug-resistant pathways in this disease via molecular chaperone inhibition. Taken together, we hypothesize that our novel C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor, KU758, in combination with the current standard of care targeted therapies (e.g. vemurafenib and cobimetinib) can both synergize melanoma treatment efficacy in BRAF-mutant tumors, as well as target and overcome several major resistance pathways in this disease. Using in vitro proliferation and protein-based Western Blot analyses, our novel inhibitor, KU758, potently inhibited melanoma cell proliferation (without induction of the heat shock response) in vitro and synergized with both BRAF and MEK inhibitors in inhibition of cell migration and protein expression from resistance pathways. Overall, our work provides early support for further translation of C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor combinations as a novel therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackee N. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Monica Chanda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shanguan Gary
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nina Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ton Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Brian S.J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Romashkan S, Chang H, Hadley EC. National Institute on Aging Workshop: Repurposing Drugs or Dietary Supplements for Their Senolytic or Senomorphic Effects: Considerations for Clinical Trials. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1144-1152. [PMID: 33528569 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell senescence is implicated in numerous age-related conditions. Drugs and nutritional supplements developed for a variety of purposes kill senescent cells (senolytics) or suppress their secretions (senomorphics). There is interest in repurposing such drugs to treat or prevent age-related diseases. To date, only small-scale preliminary trials have been conducted. METHOD At a workshop convened by the National Institute on Aging in August 2019, academic, industry, and government scientists reviewed issues for phase II trials of potentially repurposable drugs, or dietary supplements, to assess benefits and risks of their senolytic (killing senescent cells) or senomorphic (altering senescent cells' phenotypes) effects in treating or preventing age-related conditions. RESULTS Participants reviewed mechanisms and effects of cellular senescence, senolytics, and senomorphics of several classes and their potential role in treating or preventing disease, modulators of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, needs for senescence markers, data and specimen resources, infrastructure for planning trials, and potential effects on outcomes in older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS Participants noted the importance of considering potential effects of candidate drugs on multiple aging outcomes. It is important to assess drugs' specificity for killing senescent cells and the balance between senolytic and cytotoxic effects. Markers of specific senescent cell types are needed to assess intervention responses. There are potential interactions with coexisting diseases and their treatments in older persons. Standardized measures could enhance comparisons and pooling of data. Additional characterization of human cell senescent phenotypes is needed for developing better and more specific senolytics and senomorphics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Romashkan
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Chang
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan C Hadley
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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7
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The Role of Senescent Cells in Acquired Drug Resistance and Secondary Cancer in BRAFi-Treated Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092241. [PMID: 34066966 PMCID: PMC8125319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Advances in melanoma treatment include v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) inhibitors that target the predominant oncogenic mutation found in malignant melanoma. Despite initial success of the BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapies, resistance and secondary cancer often occur. Mechanisms of resistance and secondary cancer rely on upregulation of pro-survival pathways that circumvent senescence. The repeated identification of a cellular senescent phenotype throughout melanoma progression demonstrates the contribution of senescent cells in resistance and secondary cancer development. Incorporating senotherapeutics in melanoma treatment may offer a novel approach for potentially improving clinical outcome. Abstract BRAF is the most common gene mutated in malignant melanoma, and predominately it is a missense mutation of codon 600 in the kinase domain. This oncogenic BRAF missense mutation results in constitutive activation of the mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) pro-survival pathway. Several BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have been developed to specifically inhibit BRAFV600 mutations that improve melanoma survival, but resistance and secondary cancer often occur. Causal mechanisms of BRAFi-induced secondary cancer and resistance have been identified through upregulation of MAPK and alternate pro-survival pathways. In addition, overriding of cellular senescence is observed throughout the progression of disease from benign nevi to malignant melanoma. In this review, we discuss melanoma BRAF mutations, the genetic mechanism of BRAFi resistance, and the evidence supporting the role of senescent cells in melanoma disease progression, drug resistance and secondary cancer. We further highlight the potential benefit of targeting senescent cells with senotherapeutics as adjuvant therapy in combating melanoma.
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Xu DD, Chen SH, Zhou PJ, Wang Y, Zhao ZD, Wang X, Huang HQ, Xue X, Liu QY, Wang YF, Zhang R. Suppression of Esophageal Cancer Stem-like Cells by SNX-2112 Is Enhanced by STAT3 Silencing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:532395. [PMID: 33390934 PMCID: PMC7772942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.532395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are responsible for tumor cell proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, metastasis, and relapse in various cancers. We, and others, have previously shown that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is responsible for CSCs and TICs growth. Recent reports have indicated that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is also essential for the survival of CSCs and TICs. SNX-2112 is an Hsp90 inhibitor. However, it remains unclear whether proliferation of esophageal cancer stem-like cells (ECSLCs) is suppressed by SNX-2112 with knockdown of STAT3 (shSTAT3). Here, we explored the association between SNX-2112 with shSTAT3 and the suppression of ECSLCs growth. We found that the expression level of both STAT3 and p-STAT3 was higher in clinical esophageal cancer tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue, using western blot and qPCR analysis. Furthermore, differential expression analysis demonstrated that STAT3 was overexpressed in clinical specimens. We demonstrated that SNX-2112 inhibited cancer cell proliferation, decreased ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene expression levels and reduced the colony formation capacity of ECSLCs, which was enhanced by STAT3 silencing. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the combination of SNX-2112 and shSTAT3 significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in ECSLCs. Levels of proliferation pathway proteins, including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) which were also client proteins of Hsp90, were also reduced. In addition, SNX-2112 with shSTAT3 inhibited the proliferation of ECSLCs in vivo. Finally, STAT3 overexpression eliminated the apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of SNX-2112 on ECSLCs. Hence, these results provide a rationale for the therapeutic potential of the combination of SNX-2112 with shSTAT3 in esophageal cancer, and may indicate new targets for clinical intervention in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhao
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Qing Huang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone involved in a proper folding and maturation of hundreds of proteins. HSP90 is abundantly expressed in cancer, including melanoma. HSP90 client proteins are the key oncoproteins of several signaling pathways controlling melanoma development, progression and response to therapy. A number of natural and synthetic compounds of different chemical structures and binding sites within HSP90 have been identified as selective HSP90 inhibitors. The majority of HSP90-targeting agents affect N-terminal ATPase activity of HSP90. In contrast to N-terminal inhibitors, agents interacting with the middle and C-terminal domains of HSP90 do not induce HSP70-dependent cytoprotective response. Several inhibitors of HSP90 were tested against melanoma in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, providing evidence that these agents can be considered either as single or complementary therapeutic strategy. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of HSP90 protein in cancer with focus on melanoma, and provides an overview of structurally different HSP90 inhibitors that are considered as potential therapeutics for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Sun X, Ni N, Ma Y, Wang Y, Leong DT. Retooling Cancer Nanotherapeutics' Entry into Tumors to Alleviate Tumoral Hypoxia. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003000. [PMID: 32803846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anti-hypoxia cancer nanomedicine (AHCN) holds exciting potential in improving oxygen-dependent therapeutic efficiencies of malignant tumors. However, most studies regarding AHCN focus on optimizing structure and function of nanomaterials with presupposed successful entry into tumor cells. From such a traditional perspective, the main barrier that AHCN needs to overcome is mainly the tumor cell membrane. However, such an oversimplified perspective would neglect that real tumors have many biological, physiological, physical, and chemical defenses preventing the current state-of-the-art AHCNs from even reaching the targeted tumor cells. Fortunately, in recent years, some studies are beginning to intentionally focus on overcoming physiological barriers to alleviate hypoxia. In this Review, the limitations behind the traditional AHCN delivery mindset are addressed and the key barriers that need to be surmounted before delivery to cancer cells and some good ways to improve cell membrane attachment, internalization, and intracellular retention are summarized. It is aimed to contribute to Review literature on this emerging topic through refreshing perspectives based on this work and what is also learnt from others. This Review would therefore assist AHCNs researchers to have a quick overview of the essential information and glean thought-provoking ideas to advance this sub-field in cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Nengyi Ni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Dunphy MPS, Pressl C, Pillarsetty N, Grkovski M, Modi S, Jhaveri K, Norton L, Beattie BJ, Zanzonico PB, Zatorska D, Taldone T, Ochiana SO, Uddin MM, Burnazi EM, Lyashchenko SK, Hudis CA, Bromberg J, Schöder HM, Fox JJ, Zhang H, Chiosis G, Lewis JS, Larson SM. First-in-Human Trial of Epichaperome-Targeted PET in Patients with Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5178-5187. [PMID: 32366671 PMCID: PMC7541604 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 124I-PU-H71 is an investigational first-in-class radiologic agent specific for imaging tumor epichaperome formations. The intracellular epichaperome forms under cellular stress and is a clinically validated oncotherapeutic target. We conducted a first-in-human study of microdose 124I-PU-H71 for PET to study in vivo biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and safety; and the feasibility of epichaperome-targeted tumor imaging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Adult patients with cancer (n = 30) received 124I-PU-H71 tracer (201±12 MBq, <25 μg) intravenous bolus followed by PET/CT scans and blood radioassays. RESULTS 124I-PU-H71 PET detected tumors of different cancer types (breast, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, genitourinary, gynecologic, sarcoma, and pancreas). 124I-PU-H71 was retained by tumors for several days while it cleared rapidly from bones, healthy soft tissues, and blood. Radiation dosimetry is favorable and patients suffered no adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Our first-in-human results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of noninvasive in vivo detection of tumor epichaperomes using 124I-PU-H71 PET, supporting clinical development of PU-H71 and other epichaperome-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P S Dunphy
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Christina Pressl
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Nagavarakishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Milan Grkovski
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bradley J Beattie
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pat B Zanzonico
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Danuta Zatorska
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tony Taldone
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stefan O Ochiana
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mohammad M Uddin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eva M Burnazi
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Heiko M Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Josef J Fox
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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12
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Shao H, Zhu Q, Lu H, Chang A, Gao C, Zhou Q, Luo K. HEXIM1 controls P-TEFb processing and regulates drug sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1867-1878. [PMID: 32520633 PMCID: PMC7525814 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-12-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), composed of CDK9 and cyclin T, stimulates transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase (Pol) II and regulates cell growth and differentiation. Recently, we demonstrated that P-TEFb also controls the expression of EMT regulators to promote breast cancer progression. In the nucleus, more than half of P-TEFb are sequestered in the inactive-state 7SK snRNP complex. Here, we show that the assembly of the 7SK snRNP is preceded by an intermediate complex between HEXIM1 and P-TEFb that allows transfer of the kinase active P-TEFb from Hsp90 to 7SK snRNP for its suppression. Down-regulation of HEXIM1 locks P-TEFb in the Hsp90 complex, keeping it in the active state to enhance breast cancer progression, but also rendering the cells highly sensitive to Hsp90 inhibition. Because HEXIM1 is often down-regulated in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), these cells are particularly sensitive to Hsp90 inhibition. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the increased sensitivity of TNBC to Hsp90 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Shao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Qingwei Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Huasong Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Amanda Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Carol Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
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13
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Sha L, Chen T, Deng Y, Du T, Ma K, Zhu W, Shen Y, Xu Q. Hsp90 inhibitor HSP990 in very low dose upregulates EAAT2 and exerts potent antiepileptic activity. Theranostics 2020; 10:8415-8429. [PMID: 32724478 PMCID: PMC7381737 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Dysfunction or reduced levels of EAAT2 have been documented in epilepsy. We previously demonstrated the antiepileptic effects of Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG in temporal lobe epilepsy by preventing EAAT2 degradation. Because of the potential toxicities of 17AAG, this study aimed to identify an alternative Hsp90 inhibitor with better performance on Hsp90 inhibition, improved blood-brain barrier penetration and minimal toxicity. Methods: We used cell-based screening and animal models of epilepsy, including mouse models of epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, and a cynomolgus monkey model of epilepsy, to evaluate the antiepileptic effects of new Hsp90 inhibitors. Results: In both primary cultured astrocytes and normal mice, HSP990 enhanced EAAT2 levels at a lower dose than other Hsp90 inhibitors. In epileptic mice, administration of 0.1 mg/kg HSP990 led to upregulation of EAAT2 and inhibition of spontaneous seizures. Additionally, HSP990 inhibited seizures and improved cognitive functions in the APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. In a cynomolgus monkey model of temporal lobe epilepsy, oral administration of low-dose HSP990 completely suppressed epileptiform discharges for up to 12 months, with no sign of hepatic and renal toxicity. Conclusions: These results support further preclinical studies of HSP990 treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longze Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tingfu Du
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
- Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
- Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
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14
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Elia LP, Reisine T, Alijagic A, Finkbeiner S. Approaches to develop therapeutics to treat frontotemporal dementia. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107948. [PMID: 31962288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is a complex disease presenting as a spectrum of clinical disorders with progressive degeneration of frontal and temporal brain cortices and extensive neuroinflammation that result in personality and behavior changes, and eventually, death. There are currently no effective therapies for FTD. While 60-70% of FTD patients are sporadic cases, the other 30-40% are heritable (familial) cases linked to mutations in several known genes. We focus here on FTD caused by mutations in the GRN gene, which encodes a secreted protein, progranulin (PGRN), that has diverse roles in regulating cell survival, immune responses, and autophagy and lysosome function in the brain. FTD-linked mutations in GRN reduce brain PGRN levels that lead to autophagy and lysosome dysfunction, TDP43 accumulation, excessive microglial activation, astrogliosis, and neuron death through still poorly understood mechanisms. PGRN insufficiency has also been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and so the development of therapeutics for GRN-linked FTD that restore PGRN levels and function may have broader application for other neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on a strategy to increase PGRN to functional, healthy levels in the brain by identifying novel genetic and chemical modulators of neuronal PGRN levels. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Elia
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Terry Reisine
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Amela Alijagic
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Two closed ATP- and ADP-dependent conformations in yeast Hsp90 chaperone detected by Mn(II) EPR spectroscopic techniques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:395-404. [PMID: 31862713 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 plays a central role in cell homeostasis by assisting folding and maturation of a large variety of clients. It is a homo-dimer, which functions via hydrolysis of ATP-coupled to conformational changes. Hsp90's conformational cycle in the absence of cochaperones is currently postulated as apo-Hsp90 being an ensemble of "open"/"closed" conformations. Upon ATP binding, Hsp90 adopts an active ATP-bound closed conformation where the N-terminal domains, which comprise the ATP binding site, are in close contact. However, there is no consensus regarding the conformation of the ADP-bound Hsp90, which is considered important for client release. In this work, we tracked the conformational states of yeast Hsp90 at various stages of ATP hydrolysis in frozen solutions employing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, particularly double electron-electron resonance (DEER) distance measurements. Using rigid Gd(III) spin labels, we found the C domains to be dimerized with same distance distribution at all hydrolysis states. Then, we substituted the ATPase Mg(II) cofactor with paramagnetic Mn(II) and followed the hydrolysis state using hyperfine spectroscopy and measured the inter-N-domain distance distributions via Mn(II)-Mn(II) DEER. The point character of the Mn(II) spin label allowed us resolve 2 different closed states: The ATP-bound (prehydrolysis) characterized by a distance distribution having a maximum of 4.3 nm, which broadened and shortened, shifting the mean to 3.8 nm at the ADP-bound state (posthydrolysis). This provides experimental evidence to a second closed conformational state of Hsp90 in solution, referred to as "compact." Finally, the so-called high-energy state, trapped by addition of vanadate, was found structurally similar to the posthydrolysis state.
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16
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Mohammadian M, Zeynali-Moghaddam S, Khadem Ansari MH, Rasmi Y, Fathi Azarbayjani A, Kheradmand F. Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Levels in Colorectal Cancer Cells Treated with a Combination of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor and Oxaliplatin or Capecitabine. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:439-444. [PMID: 31592113 PMCID: PMC6773945 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the principal enzyme in the catabolism of fluoropyrimidine drugs including capecitabine. A recent report has suggested that oxaliplatin chemotherapy is associated with elevated DPD levels and chemoresistance pattern. As a newly developed chemotherapeutic agent, 17-allyloamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) can be effective in combination therapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in colorectal cancer (CRC). DPD expression level can be a predictive factor in oxaliplatin and capecitabine-based chemotherapy. We evaluated DPD in mRNA and protein levels with new treatments: 17-AAG in combination with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines. Methods: Drug sensitivity was determined by the water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay in a previous survey. Then, we evaluated the expression levels of DPD and its relationship with the chemotherapy response in capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and 17-AAG treated cases in single and combination cases in two panels of CRC cell lines. DPD gene and protein expression levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay, respectively. Results: DPD gene expression levels insignificantly increased in single-treated cases versus untreated controls in both cell lines versus controls. Then, the capecitabine and oxaliplatin were added in double combinations, where DPD gene and protein expression increased in combination cases compared to pre-chemotherapy and single drug treatments. Conclusion: The elevated levels of cytotoxicity in more effective combinations could be related to a different mechanism apart from DPD mediating effects or high DPD level in the remaining resistance cells (drug-insensitive cells), which should be investigated in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Shima Zeynali-Moghaddam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Anahita Fathi Azarbayjani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran.,Solid Tumor Research Center and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
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17
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Akatsu Y, Takahashi N, Yoshimatsu Y, Kimuro S, Muramatsu T, Katsura A, Maishi N, Suzuki HI, Inazawa J, Hida K, Miyazono K, Watabe T. Fibroblast growth factor signals regulate transforming growth factor-β-induced endothelial-to-myofibroblast transition of tumor endothelial cells via Elk1. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1706-1724. [PMID: 31094056 PMCID: PMC6670013 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment contains various components, including cancer cells, tumor vessels, and cancer-associated fibroblasts, the latter of which are comprised of tumor-promoting myofibroblasts and tumor-suppressing fibroblasts. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces the formation of myofibroblasts and other types of mesenchymal (non-myofibroblastic) cells from endothelial cells. Recent reports show that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) modulates TGF-β-induced mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells, but the molecular mechanisms behind the signals that control transcriptional networks during the formation of different groups of fibroblasts remain largely unclear. Here, we studied the roles of FGF2 during the regulation of TGF-β-induced mesenchymal transition of tumor endothelial cells (TECs). We demonstrated that auto/paracrine FGF signals in TECs inhibit TGF-β-induced endothelial-to-myofibroblast transition (End-MyoT), leading to suppressed formation of contractile myofibroblast cells, but on the other hand can also collaborate with TGF-β in promoting the formation of active fibroblastic cells which have migratory and proliferative properties. FGF2 modulated TGF-β-induced formation of myofibroblastic and non-myofibroblastic cells from TECs via transcriptional regulation of various mesenchymal markers and growth factors. Furthermore, we observed that TECs treated with TGF-β were more competent in promoting in vivo tumor growth than TECs treated with TGF-β and FGF2. Mechanistically, we showed that Elk1 mediated FGF2-induced inhibition of End-MyoT via inhibition of TGF-β-induced transcriptional activation of α-smooth muscle actin promoter by myocardin-related transcription factor-A. Our data suggest that TGF-β and FGF2 oppose and cooperate with each other during the formation of myofibroblastic and non-myofibroblastic cells from TECs, which in turn determines the characteristics of mesenchymal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Akatsu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Biomedicine Group, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Shiori Kimuro
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Tomoki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Akihiro Katsura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
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18
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Park S, Park JA, Jeon JH, Lee Y. Traditional and Novel Mechanisms of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Inhibition in Cancer Chemotherapy Including HSP90 Cleavage. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:423-434. [PMID: 31113013 PMCID: PMC6720532 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP90 is a molecular chaperone that increases the stability of client proteins. Cancer cells show higher HSP90 expression than normal cells because many client proteins play an important role in the growth and survival of cancer cells. HSP90 inhibitors mainly bind to the ATP binding site of HSP90 and inhibit HSP90 activity, and these inhibitors can be distinguished as ansamycin and non-ansamycin depending on the structure. In addition, the histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit the activity of HSP90 through acetylation of HSP90. These HSP90 inhibitors have undergone or are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. On the other hand, recent studies have reported that various reagents induce cleavage of HSP90, resulting in reduced HSP90 client proteins and growth suppression in cancer cells. Cleavage of HSP90 can be divided into enzymatic cleavage and non-enzymatic cleavage. Therefore, reagents inducing cleavage of HSP90 can be classified as another class of HSP90 inhibitors. We discuss that the cleavage of HSP90 can be another mechanism in the cancer treatment by HSP90 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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19
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Talaei S, Mellatyar H, Asadi A, Akbarzadeh A, Sheervalilou R, Zarghami N. Spotlight on 17-AAG as an Hsp90 inhibitor for molecular targeted cancer treatment. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:760-786. [PMID: 30697932 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a ubiquitous chaperone with important roles in the organization and maturation of client proteins that are involved in the progression and survival of cancer cells. Multiple oncogenic pathways can be affected by inhibition of Hsp90 function through degradation of its client proteins. That makes Hsp90 a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor that binds to Hsp90 and inhibits its chaperoning function, which results in the degradation of Hsp90's client proteins. There have been several preclinical studies of 17-AAG as a single agent or in combination with other anticancer agents for a wide range of human cancers. Data from various phases of clinical trials show that 17-AAG can be given safely at biologically active dosages with mild toxicity. Even though 17-AAG has suitable pharmacological potency, its low water solubility and high hepatotoxicity could significantly restrict its clinical use. Nanomaterials-based drug delivery carriers may overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, we review preclinical and clinical research on 17-AAG as a single agent and in combination with other anticancer agents. In addition, we highlight the potential of using nanocarriers and nanocombination therapy to improve therapeutic effects of 17-AAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Talaei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Mellatyar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Shevtsov M, Multhoff G. Therapeutic Implications of Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02254-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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London CA, Acquaviva J, Smith DL, Sequeira M, Ogawa LS, Gardner HL, Bernabe LF, Bear MD, Bechtel SA, Proia DA. Consecutive Day HSP90 Inhibitor Administration Improves Efficacy in Murine Models of KIT-Driven Malignancies and Canine Mast Cell Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6396-6407. [PMID: 30171047 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE STA-1474, prodrug of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor (HSP90i) ganetespib, previously demonstrated activity in canine preclinical models of cancer; interestingly, prolonged infusions were associated with improved biologic activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal treatment schedule for HSP90i in preclinical models of KIT-driven malignancies and in dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors (MCT), where KIT is a known driver. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro and murine xenograft experiments and clinical studies in dogs with MCTs were used to define the effects of HSP90i-dosing regimen on client protein downregulation and antitumor activity. RESULTS Continuous HSP90 inhibition led to durable destabilization of client proteins in vitro; however, transient exposure required >10× drug for comparable effects. In vivo, KIT was rapidly degraded following a single dose of HSP90i but returned to baseline levels within a day. HSP90 levels increased and stabilized 16 hours after HSP90i and were not elevated following a subsequent near-term exposure, providing a functional pool of chaperone to stabilize proteins and a means for greater therapeutic activity upon HSP90i reexposure. HSP90i administered on days 1 and 2 (D1/D2) demonstrated increased biologic activity compared with D1 treatment in KIT or EGFR-driven murine tumor models. In a trial of dogs with MCT, D1/D2 dosing of HSP90i was associated with sustained KIT downregulation, 50% objective response rate and 100% clinical benefit rate compared with D1 and D1/D4 schedules. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further evidence that prolonged HSP90i exposure improves biologic activity through sustained downregulation of client proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A London
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Heather L Gardner
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Louis Feo Bernabe
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Misty D Bear
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sandra A Bechtel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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22
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Eroglu Z, Chen YA, Gibney GT, Weber JS, Kudchadkar RR, Khushalani NI, Markowitz J, Brohl AS, Tetteh LF, Ramadan H, Arnone G, Li J, Zhao X, Sharma R, Darville LNF, Fang B, Smalley I, Messina JL, Koomen JM, Sondak VK, Smalley KSM. Combined BRAF and HSP90 Inhibition in Patients with Unresectable BRAF V600E-Mutant Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5516-5524. [PMID: 29674508 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: BRAF inhibitors are clinically active in patients with advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma, although acquired resistance remains common. Preclinical studies demonstrated that resistance could be overcome using concurrent treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor XL888.Patients and Methods: Vemurafenib (960 mg p.o. b.i.d.) combined with escalating doses of XL888 (30, 45, 90, or 135 mg p.o. twice weekly) was investigated in 21 patients with advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. Primary endpoints were safety and determination of a maximum tolerated dose. Correlative proteomic studies were performed to confirm HSP inhibitor activity.Results: Objective responses were observed in 15 of 20 evaluable patients [75%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 51%-91%], with 3 complete and 12 partial responses. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.2 months (95% CI, 3.8-not reached) and 34.6 months (6.2-not reached), respectively. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were skin toxicities, such as rash (n = 4, 19%) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (n = 3, 14%), along with diarrhea (n = 3, 14%). Pharmacodynamic analysis of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed increased day 8 HSP70 expression compared with baseline in the three cohorts with XL888 doses ≥45 mg. Diverse effects of vemurafenib-XL888 upon intratumoral HSP client protein expression were noted, with the expression of multiple proteins (including ERBB3 and BAD) modulated on therapy.Conclusions: XL888 in combination with vemurafenib has clinical activity in patients with advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma, with a tolerable side-effect profile. HSP90 inhibitors warrant further evaluation in combination with current standard-of-care BRAF plus MEK inhibitors in BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5516-24. ©2018 AACR See related commentary by Sullivan, p. 5496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Eroglu
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Geoffrey T Gibney
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Ragini R Kudchadkar
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Joseph Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andrew S Brohl
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Leticia F Tetteh
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Howida Ramadan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gina Arnone
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Bin Fang
- Department of Proteomics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Inna Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jane L Messina
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Koomen
- Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. .,Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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23
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Shin MK, Jeong KH, Choi H, Ahn HJ, Lee MH. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitor enhances apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT pathway in thermal-stimulated SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cell line. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:357-360. [PMID: 29433909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are chaperone proteins, which are upregulated after various stresses. Hsp90 inhibitors have been investigated as adjuvant therapies for the treatment of melanoma. Thermal ablation could be a treatment option for surgically unresectable melanoma or congenital nevomelanocytic nevi, however, there is a limitation such as the possibility of recurrence. OBJECTIVE We evaluated apoptosis in a melanoma cell line treated with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), in hyperthermic conditions. METHODS SK-MEL-2 cells were stimulated at 43 °C for 1 h and treated with 0, 0.1 and 1 μM 17-DMAG. We evaluated the cell viability using MTT and apoptosis with HSP 90 inhibitor. We studied the protein expression of AKT, phospho-AKT, ERK, phospho-ERK, MAPK, and phospho-MAPK, caspase 3,7,9, and anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. RESULTS 17-DMAG significantly inhibited the proliferation of the SK-MEL-2 cells at 37 °C (0.1 μM: 44.47% and 1 μM: 61.23%) and 43 °C (0.1 μM: 49.21% and 1 μM: 63.60%), suggesting synergism between thermal stimulation and 17-DMAG. 17-DMAG treatment increased the frequency of apoptotic cell populations to 2.17% (0.1 μM) and 3.05% (1 μM) in 37 °C controls, and 4.40% (0.1 μM) and 4.97% (1 μM) in the group stimulated at 43 °C. AKT phosphorylation were activated by thermal stimulation and inhibited by 17-DMAG. CONCLUSION Hsp90 inhibitor treatment may be clinically applicable to enhance the apoptosis of melanoma cells in hyperthermic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Heon Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Yuno A, Lee MJ, Lee S, Tomita Y, Rekhtman D, Moore B, Trepel JB. Clinical Evaluation and Biomarker Profiling of Hsp90 Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1709:423-441. [PMID: 29177675 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7477-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have been in clinical development as anticancer agents since 1998. There have been 18 Hsp90 inhibitors (Hsp90i) that have entered the clinic, all of which, though structurally distinct, target the ATP-binding Bergerat fold of the chaperone N-terminus. Currently, there are five Hsp90 inhibitors in clinical trial and no approved drug in this class. One impediment to development of a clinically efficacious Hsp90 inhibitor has been the very low percentage of clinical trials that have codeveloped a predictive or pharmacodynamic marker of the anticancer activity inherent in this class of drugs. Here, we provide an overview of the clinical development of Hsp90 inhibitors, review the pharmacodynamic assays that have been employed in the past, and highlight new approaches to Hsp90 inhibitor clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yuno
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Rekhtman
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brittni Moore
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 10, Rm 12C432A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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25
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Mbofung RM, McKenzie JA, Malu S, Zhang M, Peng W, Liu C, Kuiatse I, Tieu T, Williams L, Devi S, Ashkin E, Xu C, Huang L, Zhang M, Talukder AH, Tripathi SC, Khong H, Satani N, Muller FL, Roszik J, Heffernan T, Allison JP, Lizee G, Hanash SM, Proia D, Amaria R, Davis RE, Hwu P. HSP90 inhibition enhances cancer immunotherapy by upregulating interferon response genes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:451. [PMID: 28878208 PMCID: PMC5587668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-based immunotherapies are promising treatments for cancer patients. Although durable responses can be achieved in some patients, many patients fail to respond to these therapies, underscoring the need for improvement with combination therapies. From a screen of 850 bioactive compounds, we identify HSP90 inhibitors as candidates for combination with immunotherapy. We show that inhibition of HSP90 with ganetespib enhances T-cell-mediated killing of patient-derived human melanoma cells by their autologous T cells in vitro and potentiates responses to anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 therapy in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that HSP90 inhibition results in upregulation of interferon response genes, which are essential for the enhanced killing of ganetespib treated melanoma cells by T cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that HSP90 inhibition can potentiate T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses, and rationale to explore the combination of immunotherapy and HSP90 inhibitors. Many patients fail to respond to T cell based immunotherapies. Here, the authors, through a high-throughput screening, identify HSP90 inhibitors as a class of preferred drugs for treatment combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina M Mbofung
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jodi A McKenzie
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shruti Malu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma Unit 903, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Isere Kuiatse
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma Unit 903, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Trang Tieu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences Unit 1956, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leila Williams
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Seram Devi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Emily Ashkin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amjad H Talukder
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Satyendra C Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention Unit 1013, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hiep Khong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nikunj Satani
- Cancer Imaging Systems Unit 1907, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Florian L Muller
- Cancer Imaging Systems Unit 1907, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences Unit 1956, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology Unit 901, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gregory Lizee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sam M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention Unit 1013, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Proia
- Synta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 45 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Rodabe Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma Unit 903, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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26
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Calero R, Morchon E, Martinez-Argudo I, Serrano R. Synergistic anti-tumor effect of 17AAG with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 on human melanoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 406:1-11. [PMID: 28774796 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance by MAPK signaling recovery or activation of alternative signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, is an important factor that limits the long-term efficacy of targeted therapies in melanoma patients. In the present study, we investigated the phospho-proteomic profile of RTKs and its correlation with downstream signaling pathways in human melanoma. We found that tyrosine kinase receptors expression correlated with the expression of pivotal downstream components of the RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in melanoma cell lines and tumors. We also found high expression of HSP90 and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins, 4EBP1 and AKT compared with healthy tissue and this correlated with poor overall survival of melanoma patients. The combination of the HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 showed a synergistic activity decreasing melanoma cell growth, inducing apoptosis and targeting simultaneously the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. These results demonstrate that the combination of HSP90 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors could be an effective therapeutic strategy that target the main survival pathways in melanoma and must be considered to overcome resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Calero
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - E Morchon
- Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain
| | - I Martinez-Argudo
- Genetics Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - R Serrano
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
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27
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Chai RC, Vieusseux JL, Lang BJ, Nguyen CH, Kouspou MM, Britt KL, Price JT. Histone deacetylase activity mediates acquired resistance towards structurally diverse HSP90 inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:567-583. [PMID: 28306192 PMCID: PMC5527463 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates multiple signalling pathways critical for tumour growth. As such, HSP90 inhibitors have been shown to act as effective anticancer agents in preclinical studies but, for a number of reasons, the same effect has not been observed in the clinical trials to date. One potential reason for this may be the presence of de novo or acquired resistance within the tumours. To investigate mechanisms of resistance, we generated resistant cell lines through gradual dose escalation of the HSP90 inhibitor 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG). The resultant resistant cell lines maintained their respective levels of resistance (7–240×) in the absence of 17‐AAG and were also cross‐resistant with other benzoquinone ansamycin HSP90 inhibitors. Expression of members of the histone deacetylase family (HDAC 1, 5, 6) was altered in the resistant cells. To determine whether HDAC activity contributed to resistance, pan‐HDAC inhibitors (TSA and LBH589) and the class II HDAC‐specific inhibitor SNDX275 were found to resensitize resistant cells towards 17‐AAG and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin. Most significantly, resistant cells were also identified as cross‐resistant towards structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors such as radicicol and the second‐generation HSP90 inhibitors CCT018159, VER50589 and AUY922. HDAC inhibition also resensitized resistant cells towards these classes of HSP90 inhibitors. In conclusion, we report that prolonged 17‐AAG treatment results in acquired resistance of cancer cells towards not just 17‐AAG but also to a spectrum of structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors. This acquired resistance can be inhibited using clinically relevant HDAC inhibitors. This work supports the potential benefit of using HSP90 and HDAC inhibitors in combination within the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Chai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Bone Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica L Vieusseux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre for Life Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chau H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michelle M Kouspou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - John T Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School-Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia
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28
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Proteomic analysis of proteome and histone post-translational modifications in heat shock protein 90 inhibition-mediated bladder cancer therapeutics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:201. [PMID: 28298630 PMCID: PMC5427839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. Several HSP90 inhibitors have shown promising effects in clinical oncology trials. However, little is known about HSP90 inhibition-mediated bladder cancer therapy. Here, we report a quantitative proteomic study that evaluates alterations in protein expression and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in bladder carcinoma in response to HSP90 inhibition. We show that 5 HSP90 inhibitors (AUY922, ganetespib, SNX2112, AT13387, and CUDC305) potently inhibited the proliferation of bladder cancer 5637 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Our proteomic study quantified 518 twofold up-regulated and 811 twofold down-regulated proteins common to both AUY922 and ganetespib treatment. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that those differentially expressed proteins were involved in multiple cellular processes and enzyme-regulated signaling pathways, including chromatin modifications and cell death-associated pathways. Furthermore, quantitative proteome studies identified 14 types of PTMs with 93 marks on the core histones, including 34 novel histone marks of butyrylation, citrullination, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, methylation, O-GlcNAcylation, propionylation, and succinylation in AUY922- and ganetespib-treated 5637 cells. Together, this study outlines the association between proteomic changes and histone PTMs in response to HSP90 inhibitor treatment in bladder carcinoma cells, and thus intensifies the understanding of HSP90 inhibition-mediated bladder cancer therapeutics.
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29
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Obaid NM, Bedard K, Huang WY. Strategies for Overcoming Resistance in Tumours Harboring BRAF Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030585. [PMID: 28282860 PMCID: PMC5372601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance to previously effective treatments has been a challenge for health care providers and a fear for patients undergoing cancer therapy. This is an unfortunately frequent occurrence for patients undergoing targeted therapy for tumours harboring the activating V600E mutation of the BRAF gene. Since the initial identification of the BRAF mutation in 2002, a series of small molecular inhibitors that target the BRAFV600E have been developed, but intrinsic and acquired resistance to these drugs has presented an ongoing challenge. More recently, improvements in therapy have been achieved by combining the use of BRAF inhibitors with other drugs, such as inhibitors of the downstream effector mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK). Despite improved success in response rates and in delaying resistance using combination therapy, ultimately, the acquisition of resistance remains a concern. Recent research articles have shed light on some of the underlying mechanisms of this resistance and have proposed numerous strategies that might be employed to overcome or avoid resistance to targeted therapies. This review will explore some of the resistance mechanisms, compare what is known in melanoma cancer to colorectal cancer, and discuss strategies under development to manage the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Bedard
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Weei-Yuarn Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 1V8, Canada.
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30
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Exploiting the cancer niche: Tumor-associated macrophages and hypoxia as promising synergistic targets for nano-based therapy. J Control Release 2017; 253:82-96. [PMID: 28285930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has been widely exploited as an active participant in tumor progression. Extensive reports have defined the dual role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor development. The protumoral effect exerted by the M2 phenotype has been correlated with a negative outcome in most solid tumors. The high infiltration of immune cells in the hypoxic cores of advanced solid tumors leads to a chain reaction of stimuli that enhances the expression of protumoral genes, thrives tumor malignancy, and leads to the emergence of drug resistance. Many studies have shown therapeutic targeting systems, solely to TAMs or tumor hypoxia, however, novel therapeutics that target both features are still warranted. In the present review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in tumor development and the clinical outcome of hypoxia-targeted therapeutics, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) inhibitors and hypoxia-activated prodrugs. Furthermore, we review the state-of-the-art of macrophage-based cancer therapy. We thoroughly discuss the development of novel therapeutics that simultaneously target TAMs and tumor hypoxia. Nano-based systems have been highlighted as interesting strategies for dual modality treatments, with somewhat improved tissue extravasation. Such approach could be seen as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in advanced solid and metastatic tumors, especially when exploiting cell-based nanotherapies. Finally, we provide an in-depth opinion on the importance of exploiting the tumor microenvironment in cancer therapy, and how this could be translated to clinical practice.
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31
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Lee SL, Dempsey-Hibbert NC, Vimalachandran D, Wardle TD, Sutton PA, Williams JHH. Re-examining HSPC1 inhibitors. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:293-306. [PMID: 28255900 PMCID: PMC5352602 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HSPC1 is a critical protein in cancer development and progression, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, clinical trial data reporting the effectiveness of HSPC1 inhibitors on several cancer types has not been as successful as predicted. Furthermore, some N-terminal inhibitors appear to be much more successful than others despite similar underlying mechanisms. This study involved the application of three N-terminal HSPC1 inhibitors, 17-DMAG, NVP-AUY922 and NVP-HSP990 on CRC cells. The effects on client protein levels over time were examined. HSPC1 inhibitors were also applied in combination with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in CRC treatment (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan). As HSPA1A and HSPB1 have anti-apoptotic activity, gene-silencing techniques were employed to investigate the significance of these proteins in HSPC1 inhibitor and chemotherapeutic agent resistance. When comparing the action of the three HSPC1 inhibitors, there are distinct differences in the time course of important client protein degradation events. The differences between HSPC1 inhibitors were also reflected in combination treatment-17-DMAG was more effective compared with NVP-AUY922 in potentiating the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan. This study concludes that there are distinct differences between N-terminal HSPC1 inhibitors, despite their common mode of action. Although treatment with each of the inhibitors results in significant induction of the anti-apoptotic proteins HSPA1A and HSPB1, sensitivity to HSPC1 inhibitors is not improved by gene silencing of HSPA1A or HSPB1. HSPC1 inhibitors potentiate the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in CRC, and this approach is readily available to enter clinical trials. From a translational point of view, there may be great variability in sensitivity to the inhibitors between individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheah Lin Lee
- Chester Centre for Stress Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Chester, Bache Hall, CH2 1BR, Chester, UK.
- University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.
| | - Nina Claire Dempsey-Hibbert
- Chester Centre for Stress Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Chester, Bache Hall, CH2 1BR, Chester, UK
- Centre for Biomedicine Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, M1 5GD, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Paul A Sutton
- Countess of Chester Hospital, Liverpool Rd, CH2 1UL, Chester, UK
| | - John H H Williams
- Chester Centre for Stress Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Chester, Bache Hall, CH2 1BR, Chester, UK
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Wang H, Lu M, Yao M, Zhu W. Effects of treatment with an Hsp90 inhibitor in tumors based on 15 phase II clinical trials. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:326-334. [PMID: 27602225 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp)90 serves as a chaperone protein that promotes the proper folding of proteins involved in a variety of signal transduction processes involved in cell growth. Hsp90 inhibitors, which inhibit the activity of critical client proteins, have emerged as the accessory therapeutic agents for multiple human cancer types. To better understand the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors in cancer treatment, the present study reviewed 15 published phase II clinical trials to investigate whether Hsp90 inhibitors will benefit patients with cancer. Information of complete response, partial response, stable disease, objective response and objective response rate was collected to evaluate clinical outcomes. Overall, Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against a variety of oncogene-addicted cancers, including those that have developed resistance to specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mengqian Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Curtis KK, Wong WW, Ross HJ. Past approaches and future directions for targeting tumor hypoxia in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 103:86-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1 Expression Sensitizes Malignant Melanoma Cells to the HSP90 Inhibitor 17-AAG. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153181. [PMID: 27045471 PMCID: PMC4821458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2 pathway regulates cellular redox homeostasis by transcriptional induction of genes associated with antioxidant synthesis and detoxification in response to oxidative stress. Previously, we reported that KEAP1 mutation elicits constitutive NRF2 activation and resistance to cisplatin (CDDP) and dacarbazine (DTIC) in human melanomas. The present study was conducted to clarify whether an HSP90 inhibitor, 17-AAG, efficiently eliminates melanoma with KEAP1 mutation, as the NRF2 target gene, NQO1, is a key enzyme in 17-AAG bioactivation. In melanoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines with or without KEAP1 mutations, NQO1 expression and 17-AAG sensitivity are inversely correlated. NQO1 is highly expressed in normal melanocytes and in several melanoma cell lines despite the presence of wild-type KEAP1, and the NQO1 expression is dependent on NRF2 activation. Because either CDDP or DTIC produces reactive oxygen species that activate NRF2, we determined whether these agents would sensitize NQO1-low melanoma cells to 17-AAG. Synergistic cytotoxicity of the 17-AAG and CDDP combination was detected in four out of five NQO1-low cell lines, but not in the cell line with KEAP1 mutation. These data indicate that 17-AAG could be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for melanoma with KEAP1 mutation or NQO1 expression.
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Vido MJ, Aplin AE. The Broad Stroke of Hsp90 Inhibitors: Painting over the RAF Inhibitor Paradox. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2355-2357. [PMID: 26358385 PMCID: PMC4568562 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel Hsp90 inhibitor XL888 is undergoing clinical investigation for use in conjunction with the RAF inhibitor vemurafenib to treat unresectable melanoma. The addition of XL888 to current regimens may serve an additional purpose by blocking the RAF inhibitor paradox. Such activity could reduce adverse events in patients and provide a biomarker for the successful inhibition of Hsp90 target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Vido
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hsueh YS, Chang HH, Chiang NJ, Yen CC, Li CF, Chen LT. MTOR inhibition enhances NVP-AUY922-induced autophagy-mediated KIT degradation and cytotoxicity in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11723-36. [PMID: 25375091 PMCID: PMC4294368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated NVP-AUY922, a HSP90AA1 inhibitor, could enhance mutant KIT degradation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells through both proteasome- and autophagy-mediated pathways. Herein, we showed rapamycin, a MTOR inhibitor and autophagy inducer, could reduce total and phospho-KIT expression levels and enhance apoptosis in imatinib-resistant GIST cells. The involvement of autophagy in rapamycin-induced KIT downregulation was further confirmed by co-localization of KIT and autophagosome, and partial recovery of KIT expression level by either siRNA-mediated BECN1 and ATG5 silencing or autophagy inhibitors after rapamycin. Rapamycin and NVP-AUY922 synergistically inhibited GIST cells growth in vitro. The combination of low-dose NVP-AUY922 with rapamycin had comparable effects on reducing KIT expression, increasing MAP1LC3B puncta and tumor necrosis, and inhibiting tumor growth as high-dose NVP-AUY922 did in GIST430 xenograft model. Our results suggest the addition of a MTOR inhibitor may reduce NVP-AUY922 dose requirement and potentially improve its therapeutic index in mutant KIT-expressing GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shuo Hsueh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwann
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Pradhan R, Ramasamy T, Choi JY, Kim JH, Poudel BK, Tak JW, Nukolova N, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Hyaluronic acid-decorated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for combined delivery of docetaxel and tanespimycin. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:313-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Su YH, Tang WC, Cheng YW, Sia P, Huang CC, Lee YC, Jiang HY, Wu MH, Lai IL, Lee JW, Lee KH. Targeting of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways by Hsp90 inhibitor alone or in combination with berberine for treatment of colorectal cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2261-72. [PMID: 25982393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a wide range of drugs and combinations under investigation and/or approved over the last decade to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), but the 5-year survival rate remains poor at stages II-IV. Therefore, new, more-efficient drugs still need to be developed that will hopefully be included in first-line therapy or overcome resistance when it appears, as part of second- or third-line treatments in the near future. In this study, we revealed that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors have high therapeutic potential in CRC according to combinative analysis of NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository and chemical genomic database of Connectivity Map (CMap). We found that second generation Hsp90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922, significantly downregulated the activities of a broad spectrum of kinases involved in regulating cell growth arrest and death of NVP-AUY922-sensitive CRC cells. To overcome NVP-AUY922-induced upregulation of survivin expression which causes drug insensitivity, we found that combining berberine (BBR), a herbal medicine with potency in inhibiting survivin expression, with NVP-AUY922 resulted in synergistic antiproliferative effects for NVP-AUY922-sensitive and -insensitive CRC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that treatment of NVP-AUY922-insensitive CRC cells with the combination of NVP-AUY922 and BBR caused cell growth arrest through inhibiting CDK4 expression and induction of microRNA-296-5p (miR-296-5p)-mediated suppression of Pin1-β-catenin-cyclin D1 signaling pathway. Finally, we found that the expression level of Hsp90 in tumor tissues of CRC was positively correlated with CDK4 and Pin1 expression levels. Taken together, these results indicate that combination of NVP-AUY922 and BBR therapy can inhibit multiple oncogenic signaling pathways of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Su
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Tang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peik Sia
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Heng Wu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lu Lai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Wei Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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39
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Chehab M, Caza T, Skotnicki K, Landas S, Bratslavsky G, Mollapour M, Bourboulia D. Targeting Hsp90 in urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:8454-73. [PMID: 25909217 PMCID: PMC4496161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma, or transitional cell carcinoma, is the most common urologic malignancy that carries significant morbidity, mortality, recurrence risk and associated health care costs. Despite use of current chemotherapies and immunotherapies, long-term remission in patients with muscle-invasive or metastatic disease remains low, and disease recurrence is common. The molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) may offer an ideal treatment target, as it is a critical signaling hub in urothelial carcinoma pathogenesis and potentiates chemoradiation. Preclinical testing with Hsp90 inhibitors has demonstrated reduced proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and synergism with chemotherapies and radiation. Despite promising preclinical data, clinical trials utilizing Hsp90 inhibitors for other malignancies had modest efficacy. Therefore, we propose that Hsp90 inhibition would best serve as an adjuvant treatment in advanced muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancers to potentiate other therapies. An overview of bladder cancer biology, current treatments, molecular targeted therapies, and the role for Hsp90 inhibitors in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma is the focus of this review.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chemoradiotherapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cystectomy
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/physiology
- Histone Code/drug effects
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Urologic Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Urologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Urologic Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Chehab
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Tiffany Caza
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Kamil Skotnicki
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Steve Landas
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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40
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Sato A. The human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir is potentially active against urological malignancies. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:761-8. [PMID: 25914545 PMCID: PMC4399512 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s79776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir has recently been shown to have antineoplastic activity, and its use in urological malignancies is under investigation with an eye toward drug repositioning. Ritonavir is thought to exert its antineoplastic activity by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways, including the Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. It can increase the amount of unfolded proteins in the cell by inhibiting both the proteasome and heat shock protein 90. Combinations of ritonavir with agents that increase the amount of unfolded proteins, such as proteasome inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, or heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, therefore, induce endoplasmic reticulum stress cooperatively and thereby kill cancer cells effectively. Ritonavir is also a potent cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibitor, increasing the intracellular concentration of combined drugs by inhibiting their degradation and efflux from cancer cells and thereby enhancing their antineoplastic activity. Furthermore, riotnavir’s antineoplastic activity includes modulation of immune system activity. Therapies using ritonavir are thus an attractive new approach to cancer treatment and, due to their novel mechanisms of action, are expected to be effective against malignancies that are refractory to current treatment strategies. Further investigations using ritonavir are expected to find new uses for clinically available drugs in the treatment of urological malignancies as well as many other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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41
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Singh A, Singh A, Sand JM, Bauer SJ, Hafeez BB, Meske L, Verma AK. Topically applied Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG inhibits UVR-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1098-1107. [PMID: 25337691 PMCID: PMC4366283 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We present here that heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), when topically applied to mouse skin, inhibits UVR-induced development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In these experiments, DMSO:acetone (1:40 v/v) solution of 17AAG (500 nmol) was applied topically to mouse skin in conjunction with each UVR exposure (1.8 kJ m(-2)). The UVR source was Kodacel-filtered FS-40 sun lamps (approximately 60% UVB and 40% UVA). In independent experiments with three separate mouse lines (SKH-1 hairless mice, wild-type FVB, and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ)-overexpressing transgenic FVB mice), 17AAG treatment increased the latency and decreased both the incidence and multiplicity of UVR-induced SCC. Topical 17AAG alone or in conjunction with UVR treatments elicited neither skin nor systemic toxicity. 17AAG-caused inhibition of SCC induction was accompanied by a decrease in UVR-induced (1) hyperplasia, (2) Hsp90β-PKCɛ interaction, and (3) expression levels of Hsp90β, Stat3, pStat3Ser727, pStat3Tyr705, pAktSer473, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). The results presented here indicate that topical Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG is effective in prevention of UVR-induced epidermal hyperplasia and SCC. One may conclude from the preclinical data presented here that topical 17AAG may be useful for prevention of UVR-induced inflammation and cutaneous SCC either developed in UVR-exposed or organ transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Singh
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ashok Singh
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jordan M Sand
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samuel J Bauer
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Louise Meske
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ajit K Verma
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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42
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Antitumor activity of the combination of an HSP90 inhibitor and a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor against cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2372-89. [PMID: 24796583 PMCID: PMC4058012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is overactivated and heat shock protein (HSP) 90 is overexpressed in common cancers. We hypothesized that targeting both pathways can kill intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. HSP90 and PTEN protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of samples from 78 patients with intrahepatic CCA. CCA cell lines and a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced CCA animal model were treated with NVP-AUY922 (an HSP90 inhibitor) and NVP-BEZ235 (a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) alone or in combination. Both HSP90 overexpression and loss of PTEN were poor prognostic factors in patients with intrahepatic CCA. The combination of the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 and the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 was synergistic in inducing cell death in CCA cells. A combination of NVP-AUY922 and NVP-BEZ235 caused tumor regression in CCA rat animal model. This combination not only inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway but also induced ROS, which may exacerbate the vicious cycle of ER stress. Our data suggest simultaneous targeting of the PI3K/mTOR and HSP pathways for CCA treatment.
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43
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Lee SL, Dempsey-Hibbert NC, Vimalachandran D, Wardle TD, Sutton P, Williams JHH. Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17211-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Haggerty TJ, Dunn IS, Rose LB, Newton EE, Pandolfi F, Kurnick JT. Heat shock protein-90 inhibitors enhance antigen expression on melanomas and increase T cell recognition of tumor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114506. [PMID: 25503774 PMCID: PMC4264751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to enhance antigen-specific T cell recognition of cancer cells, we have examined numerous modulators of antigen-expression. In this report we demonstrate that twelve different Hsp90 inhibitors (iHsp90) share the ability to increase the expression of differentiation antigens and MHC Class I antigens. These iHsp90 are active in several molecular and cellular assays on a series of tumor cell lines, including eleven human melanomas, a murine B16 melanoma, and two human glioma-derived cell lines. Intra-cytoplasmic antibody staining showed that all of the tested iHsp90 increased expression of the melanocyte differentiation antigens Melan-A/MART-1, gp100, and TRP-2, as well as MHC Class I. The gliomas showed enhanced gp100 and MHC staining. Quantitative analysis of mRNA levels showed a parallel increase in message transcription, and a reporter assay shows induction of promoter activity for Melan-A/MART-1 gene. In addition, iHsp90 increased recognition of tumor cells by T cells specific for Melan-A/MART-1. In contrast to direct Hsp90 client proteins, the increased levels of full-length differentiation antigens that result from iHsp90 treatment are most likely the result of transcriptional activation of their encoding genes. In combination, these results suggest that iHsp90 improve recognition of tumor cells by T cells specific for a melanoma-associated antigen as a result of increasing the expressed intracellular antigen pool available for processing and presentation by MHC Class I, along with increased levels of MHC Class I itself. As these Hsp90 inhibitors do not interfere with T cell function, they could have potential for use in immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Haggerty
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ian S. Dunn
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
| | - Lenora B. Rose
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
| | - Estelle E. Newton
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
| | - Franco Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - James T. Kurnick
- CytoCure LLC, Suite 430C, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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45
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Solárová Z, Mojžiš J, Solár P. Hsp90 inhibitor as a sensitizer of cancer cells to different therapies (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:907-26. [PMID: 25501619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that maintains the structural and functional integrity of various client proteins involved in signaling and many other functions of cancer cells. The natural inhibitors, ansamycins influence the Hsp90 chaperone function by preventing its binding to client proteins and resulting in their proteasomal degradation. N- and C-terminal inhibitors of Hsp90 and their analogues are widely tested as potential anticancer agents in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical trials. It seems that Hsp90 competitive inhibitors target different tumor types at nanomolar concentrations and might have therapeutic benefit. On the contrary, some Hsp90 inhibitors increased toxicity and resistance of cancer cells induced by heat shock response, and through the interaction of survival signals, that occured as side effects of treatments, could be very effectively limited via combination of therapies. The aim of our review was to collect the data from experimental and clinical trials where Hsp90 inhibitor was combined with other therapies in order to prevent resistance as well as to potentiate the cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Solár
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
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46
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Kuo PC, Huang CW, Lee CI, Chang HW, Hsieh SW, Chung YP, Lee MS, Huang CS, Tsao LP, Tsao YP, Chen SL. BCAS2 promotes prostate cancer cells proliferation by enhancing AR mRNA transcription and protein stability. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:391-402. [PMID: 25461807 PMCID: PMC4453457 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed previously that breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) functions as a negative regulator of p53. We also found that BCAS2 is a potential AR-associated protein. AR is essential for the growth and survival of prostate carcinoma. Therefore we characterised the correlation between BCAS2 and AR. METHODS Protein interactions were examined by GST pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation. Clinical prostate cancer (PCa) specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay. AR transcriptional activity and LNCaP cell growth were assessed by luciferase assay and MTT assay, respectively. RESULTS BCAS2 expression was significantly increased in PCa. BCAS2 stabilised AR protein through both hormone-dependent and -independent manners. There are at least two mechanisms for BCAS2-mediated AR protein upregulation: One is p53-dependent. The p53 is suppressed by BCAS2 that results in increasing AR mRNA and protein expression. The other is via p53-independent inhibition of proteasome degradation. As BCAS2 can form a complex with AR and HSP90, it may function with HSP90 to stabilise AR protein from being degraded by proteasome. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that BCAS2 is a novel AR-interacting protein and characterise the correlation between BCAS2 and PCa. Thus we propose that BCAS2 could be a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-C Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - C-W Huang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - C-I Lee
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - H-W Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - S-W Hsieh
- Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Y-P Chung
- Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - C-S Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwani
| | - L-P Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Y-P Tsao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - S-L Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Chambers JE, Marciniak SJ. Cellular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in health and disease. 2. Protein misfolding and ER stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C657-70. [PMID: 24944205 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00183.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein synthesis, most strikingly in the specialized secretory cells of metazoans, which can produce their own weight in proteins daily. Cells possess a diverse machinery to ensure correct folding, assembly, and secretion of proteins from the ER. When this machinery is overwhelmed, the cell is said to experience ER stress, a result of the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the organelle. Here we discuss the causes of ER stress and the mechanisms by which cells elicit a response, with an emphasis on recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Chambers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Varetti G, Pellman D, Gordon DJ. Aurea mediocritas: the importance of a balanced genome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a015842. [PMID: 25237130 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, defined as an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a hallmark of cancer. Paradoxically, aneuploidy generally has a negative impact on cell growth and fitness in nontransformed cells. In this work, we review recent progress in identifying how aneuploidy leads to genomic and chromosomal instability, how cells can adapt to the deleterious effects of aneuploidy, and how aneuploidy contributes to tumorigenesis in different genetic contexts. Finally, we also discuss how aneuploidy might be a target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Varetti
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - David Pellman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789
| | - David J Gordon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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O'Reilly LP, Benson JA, Cummings EE, Perlmutter DH, Silverman GA, Pak SC. Worming our way to novel drug discovery with the Caenorhabditis elegans proteostasis network, stress response and insulin-signaling pathways. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1021-32. [PMID: 24998976 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.930125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many human diseases result from a failure of a single protein to achieve the correct folding and tertiary conformation. These so-called 'conformational diseases' involve diverse proteins and distinctive cellular pathologies. They all engage the proteostasis network (PN), to varying degrees in an attempt to mange cellular stress and restore protein homeostasis. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway is a master regulator of cellular stress response, which is implicated in regulating components of the PN. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on novel approaches to target conformational diseases. The authors discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of the IIS pathway in modulating the PN and regulating proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, they review previous PN and IIS drug screens and explore the possibility of using C. elegans for whole organism-based drug discovery for modulators of IIS-proteostasis pathways. EXPERT OPINION An alternative approach to develop individualized therapy for each conformational disease is to modulate the global PN. The involvement of the IIS pathway in regulating longevity and response to a variety of stresses is well documented. Increasing data now provide evidence for the close association between the IIS and the PN pathways. The authors believe that high-throughput screening campaigns, which target the C. elegans IIS pathway, may identify drugs that are efficacious in treating numerous conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P O'Reilly
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Magee-Womens Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics , 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Room 7131, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 , USA +1 412 692 9457 ; +1 412 641 1844 ;
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50
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Chen Y, Chen J, Yu J, Yang G, Temple E, Harbinski F, Gao H, Wilson C, Pagliarini R, Zhou W. Identification of mixed lineage leukemia 1(MLL1) protein as a coactivator of heat shock factor 1(HSF1) protein in response to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18914-27. [PMID: 24831003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.574053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition inhibits cancer cell proliferation through depleting client oncoproteins and shutting down multiple oncogenic pathways. Therefore, it is an attractive strategy for targeting human cancers. Several HSP90 inhibitors, including AUY922 and STA9090, show promising effects in clinical trials. However, the efficacy of HSP90 inhibitors may be limited by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-mediated feedback mechanisms. Here, we identify, through an siRNA screen, that the histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase MLL1 functions as a coactivator of HSF1 in response to HSP90 inhibition. MLL1 is recruited to the promoters of HSF1 target genes and regulates their expression in response to HSP90 inhibition. In addition, a striking combination effect is observed when MLL1 depletion is combined with HSP90 inhibition in various human cancer cell lines and tumor models. Thus, targeting MLL1 may block a HSF1-mediated feedback mechanism induced by HSP90 inhibition and provide a new avenue to enhance HSP90 inhibitor activity in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianjun Yu
- the Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608
| | | | | | | | - Hui Gao
- From the Departments of Oncology
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
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