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Molecular Mechanisms and Therapies of Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116251. [PMID: 35682932 PMCID: PMC9181128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is defined as a malignant disorder of the bone marrow (BM) that is characterised by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells [...].
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Survivin' Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Personalised Target for inv(16) Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910482. [PMID: 34638823 PMCID: PMC8508831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapies including immunotherapy, patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) still experience relatively poor survival rates. The Inhibition of Apoptosis (IAP) family member, survivin, also known by its gene and protein name, Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5 (BIRC5), remains one of the most frequently expressed antigens across AML subtypes. To better understand its potential to act as a target for immunotherapy and a biomarker for AML survival, we examined the protein and pathways that BIRC5 interacts with using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), search tool for recurring instances of neighbouring genes (STRING), WEB-based Gene Set Analysis Toolkit, Bloodspot and performed a comprehensive literature review. We then analysed data from gene expression studies. These included 312 AML samples in the Microarray Innovations In Leukemia (MILE) dataset. We found a trend between above median levels of BIRC5 being associated with improved overall survival (OS) but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.077, Log-Rank). There was some evidence of a beneficial effect in adjusted analyses where above median levels of BIRC5 were shown to be associated with improved OS (p = 0.001) including in Core Binding Factor (CBF) patients (p = 0.03). Above median levels of BIRC5 transcript were associated with improved relapse free survival (p < 0.0001). Utilisation of a second large cDNA microarray dataset including 306 AML cases, again showed no correlation between BIRC5 levels and OS, but high expression levels of BIRC5 correlated with worse survival in inv(16) patients (p = 0.077) which was highly significant when datasets A and B were combined (p = 0.001). In addition, decreased BIRC5 expression was associated with better clinical outcome (p = 0.004) in AML patients exhibiting CBF mainly due to patients with inv(16) (p = 0.007). This study has shown that BIRC5 expression plays a role in the survival of AML patients, this association is not apparent when we examine CBF patients as a cohort, but when those with inv(16) independently indicating that those patients with inv(16) would provide interesting candidates for immunotherapies that target BIRC5.
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Preusse C, Eede P, Heinzeling L, Freitag K, Koll R, Froehlich W, Schneider U, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, Schänzer A, Goebel HH, Stenzel W, Radke J. NanoString technology distinguishes anti-TIF-1γ + from anti-Mi-2 + dermatomyositis patients. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12957. [PMID: 34043263 PMCID: PMC8412076 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting skeletal muscle and skin, clinically characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and typical skin lesions. Recently, myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA) became of utmost importance because they strongly correlate with distinct clinical manifestations and prognosis. Antibodies against transcription intermediary factor 1γ (TIF-1γ) are frequently associated with increased risk of malignancy, a specific cutaneous phenotype and limited response to therapy in adult DM patients. Anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies, in contrast, are typically associated with classic DM rashes, prominent skeletal muscle weakness, better therapeutic response and prognosis, and less frequently with cancer. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of autoantibody testing is only moderate, and alternative reliable methods for DM patient stratification and prediction of cancer risk are needed. To further investigate these clinically distinct DM subgroups, we herein analyzed 30 DM patients (n = 15 Mi-2+ and n = 15 TIF-1 γ+ ) and n = 8 non-disease controls (NDC). We demonstrate that the NanoString technology can be used as a very sensitive method to clearly differentiate these two clinically distinct DM subgroups. Using the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel™, we identified a set of significantly dysregulated genes in anti-TIF-1γ+ patient muscle biopsies including VEGFA, DDX58, IFNB1, CCL5, IL12RB2, and CD84. Investigation of type I IFN-regulated transcripts revealed a striking type I interferon signature in anti-Mi-2+ patient biopsies. Our results help to stratify both subgroups and predict, which DM patients require an intensified diagnostic procedure and might have a poorer outcome. Potentially, this could also have implications for the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, Münster University Hospital (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Pascale Eede
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzeling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiara Freitag
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randi Koll
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Waltraud Froehlich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Schneider
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Department of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Steger B, Floro L, Amberger DC, Kroell T, Tischer J, Kolb HJ, Schmetzer HM. WT1, PRAME, and PR3 mRNA Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). J Immunother 2020; 43:204-215. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xue L, Hu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Wang X. T cells targeting multiple tumor-associated antigens as a postremission treatment to prevent or delay relapse in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6467-6476. [PMID: 31406473 PMCID: PMC6642655 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s205296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Relapse is a major problem in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adversely affects survival. Tumor-associated antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (TAA-CTLs)-based therapy was introduced and increasingly used clinically to kill tumor cells via tumor antigen activation. Method In this study, we expanded autologous lymphocytes reactive to five TAA (NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, WT1, Survivin, and PRAME) and evaluated its safety and efficacy in 9 patients with AML at high risk of relapse. Results Before first TAA-CTL infusion, 5 patients were minimal residual disease (MRD) positive, whereas 4 were MRD negative. Patients received TAA-CTL infusion for 1–3 times. None of them had obvious adverse reactions during or post the infusion. Of the 4 MRD-negative patients who were infused with TAA-CTLs, one developed relapsed disease. Among 5 MRD+ patients, there was a demonstrable antileukemic effect of the TAA-CTLs alone without any concomitant chemotherapy in 2 patients, as demonstrated by the negative of MRD in bone marrow after TAA-CTL infusion. Conclusions In summary, we have observed preliminary indications of activity and safety after administration of autologous TAA-CTLs in patients with AML. The ultimate question of clinical efficacy, however, will need to be addressed in a larger trial with larger homogeneous patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xue
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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ANCA-Associated Vasculitides and Hematologic Malignancies: Lessons from the Past and Future Perspectives. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1732175. [PMID: 31198793 PMCID: PMC6526571 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1732175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to collect and summarize all evidences relating to an association between ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAVs) and hematologic malignancies, in the form of either a paraneoplastic vasculitis or leukemias and lymphomas developing on a preexisting vasculitis. Additionally, the role of cyclophosphamide in vasculitis treatment has been assessed and compared to rituximab. Paraneoplastic AAV seems to be an uncommon presentation of hemopathies. Hematologic malignancy risk in AAV is more likely to be increased by cyclophosphamide, although not yet definitely proven. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis has been reviewed with particular emphasis on the role of proteinase 3 (PR3) in fuelling granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) inflammation. PR3 is a bactericidal protein expressed by neutrophilic granules and on their plasma membrane. Derangements in its expression and function have been linked to leukemias and GPA alike. PR3-derived PR1 peptide is being studied as an immunotherapy target in leukemia and multiple myeloma. This study is aimed at bringing together various evidences from the field of immunological and hematological research, at exposing contradictions, and at revealing novel insights on the association between ANCA-associated vasculitis and hematologic malignancies.
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Lee JB, Chen B, Vasic D, Law AD, Zhang L. Cellular immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: How specific should it be? Blood Rev 2019; 35:18-31. [PMID: 30826141 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements in the survival of patients with hematological cancers following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provide evidence supporting the potency of immune cell-mediated anti-leukemic effects. Studies focusing on immune cell-based cancer therapies have made significant breakthroughs in the last few years. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in particular, has significantly increased the survival of patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and aggressive B cell lymphoma. Despite antigen-negative relapses and severe toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome after treatment, CAR-T cell therapies have been approved by the FDA in some conditions. Although a number of studies have tried to achieve similar results for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), clinical outcomes have not been as promising. In this review, we summarize recent and ongoing studies on cellular therapies for AML patients, with a focus on antigen-specific versus -nonspecific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bok Lee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Branson Chen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel Vasic
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Arjun D Law
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 6-711 700 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z5, Canada.
| | - Li Zhang
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Antigenic Targets for the Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020134. [PMID: 30678059 PMCID: PMC6406328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising approaches to preventing relapse is the stimulation of the body’s own immune system to kill residual cancer cells after conventional therapy has destroyed the bulk of the tumour. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the high frequency with which patients achieve first remission, and the diffuse nature of the disease throughout the periphery, makes immunotherapy particularly appealing following induction and consolidation therapy, using chemotherapy, and where possible stem cell transplantation. Immunotherapy could be used to remove residual disease, including leukaemic stem cells from the farthest recesses of the body, reducing, if not eliminating, the prospect of relapse. The identification of novel antigens that exist at disease presentation and can act as targets for immunotherapy have also proved useful in helping us to gain a better understand of the biology that belies AML. It appears that there is an additional function of leukaemia associated antigens as biomarkers of disease state and survival. Here, we discuss these findings.
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Yang TH, St John LS, Garber HR, Kerros C, Ruisaard KE, Clise-Dwyer K, Alatrash G, Ma Q, Molldrem JJ. Membrane-Associated Proteinase 3 on Granulocytes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Inhibits T Cell Proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1389-1399. [PMID: 30021768 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (P3), a serine protease expressed by myeloid cells, localized within azurophil granules, and also expressed on the cellular membrane of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), is the target of autoimmunity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. PR1, an HLA-A2 restricted nonameric peptide derived from P3, has been targeted effectively in myeloid leukemia. We previously showed (Molldrem et al. 2003. JClinInvest 111: 639-647) that overexpression of P3 in chronic myeloid leukemia induces apoptosis of high-affinity PR1-specific T cells, leading to deletional tolerance and leukemia outgrowth. In this study, we investigated the effect of membrane P3 (mP3)-expressing PMN and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts on the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells in vitro. We demonstrate that mP3-expressing PMN significantly inhibits autologous healthy donor T cell proliferation but does not affect cytokine production in activated T cells and that this effect requires cell proximity and was abrogated by P3 blockade. This inhibition required P3 enzyme activity. However, suppression was not reversed by either the addition of catalase or the inhibition of arginase I. In addition to P3 blockade, anti-low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) Ab also restored T cells' capacity to proliferate. Last, we show dose-dependent inhibition of T cell proliferation by mP3-expressing AML blasts. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby PMN- and AML-associated mP3 inhibits T cell proliferation via direct LRP1 and mP3 interaction, and we identify P3 as a novel target to modulate immunity in myeloid leukemia and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hui Yang
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lisa S St John
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Haven R Garber
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Celine Kerros
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kathryn E Ruisaard
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gheath Alatrash
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Qing Ma
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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Tan J, Chen S, Huang J, Chen Y, Yang L, Wang C, Zhong J, Lu Y, Wang L, Zhu K, Li Y. Increased exhausted CD8+T cells with programmed death-1, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 phenotype in patients with multiple myeloma. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 14:e266-e274. [PMID: 29943497 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Tan
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jingying Huang
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Youchun Chen
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Oncology; First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Kanger Zhu
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology; First Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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Sohn HJ, Lee JY, Lee HJ, Sohn DH, Cho HI, Kim HJ, Kim TG. Simultaneous in vitro generation of CD8 and CD4 T cells specific to three universal tumor associated antigens of WT1, survivin and TERT and adoptive T cell transfer for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44059-44072. [PMID: 28477011 PMCID: PMC5546462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) expressed at least one of the leukemic associated antigens (LAAs) WT1, survivin and TERT, and different combinations of the three LAAs predicted negative clinical outcomes. Multi-tumor antigen-specific T cells were generated to overcome antigenic variation and may be sufficient to maximize antitumoral effects. To generate triple antigen-specific (Tri)-T cells that recognize three LAAs, dendritic cells (DCs) were transfected with three tumor antigen-encoding RNAs. These DCs were used to stimulate both CD8 and CD4 T cells and to overcome the limitation of known human leukocyte antigen-restricted epitopes. The sum of the antigen-specific T cell frequencies was higher in the Tri-T cells than in the T cells that recognized a single antigen. Furthermore, the Tri-T cells were more effective against leukemic blasts that expressed all three LAAs compared with blasts that expressed one or two LAAs, suggesting a proportional correlation between IFN-γ secretion and LAA expression. Engrafted leukemic blasts in the bone marrow of mice significantly decreased in the presence of Tri-T cells. This technique represents an effective immunotherapeutic strategy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Sohn
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Cho
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Hossain NM, Chapuis AG, Walter RB. T-Cell Receptor-Engineered Cells for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 11:311-7. [PMID: 27095318 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent attention in adoptive immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies has focused on lymphocytes expressing chimeric antigen receptors. An alternative technique to redirect the immune system toward cancer cells involves the use of T-cells carrying an engineered tumor-recognizing T-cell receptor (TCR). This approach allows targeting of surface or intracellular/nuclear proteins as long as they are processed and presented on the cell surface by human leukocyte antigen molecules. Several trials in advanced solid tumors, particularly melanoma and synovial sarcoma, support the validity of this strategy, although tumor responses have often been short-lived. Emerging data from patients with multiple myeloma and myeloid neoplasms suggest that the benefit of TCR-modified cells may extend to blood cancers. Methodological refinements may be necessary to increase the in vivo persistence and functionality of these cells. Particularly with affinity-enhanced TCRs, however, more effective therapies may increase the potential for serious toxicity due to the unexpected on- or off-target reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasheed M Hossain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D2-190, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roland B Walter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D2-190, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Goswami M, Hourigan CS. Novel Antigen Targets for Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:296-303. [PMID: 25706110 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150223120005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was the first malignancy for which immunotherapy, in the form of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), was integrated into the standard of care. Allo-HSCT however is an imperfect therapy associated with significant morbidity and mortality while offering only incomplete prevention of AML clinical relapse. These limitations have motivated the search for AML-related antigens that might be used as more specific and effective targets of immunotherapy. While historically such investigations have focused on protein targets expressed uniquely in AML or at significantly higher levels than in normal tissues, this article will review recent discoveries which have identified a novel selection of potential antigen targets for AML immunotherapy, such as non-protein targets including lipids and carbohydrates, neo-antigens created from genetic somatic mutations or altered splicing and post-translational modification of protein targets, together with innovative ways to target overexpressed protein targets presented by cell surface peptide-MHC complexes. These novel antigens represent promising candidates for further development as targets of AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Goswami
- Myeloid Malignancies Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Room 6C-104, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1583, United States
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14
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Tan J, Chen S, Lu Y, Yao D, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yang L, Chen J, Lai J, Yu Z, Zhu K, Li Y. Higher PD-1 expression concurrent with exhausted CD8+ T cells in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Chin J Cancer Res 2017; 29:463-470. [PMID: 29142466 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between the T cell inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) and T cell exhaustion status in T cells from patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and AML in complete remission (CR). Methods Surface expression of PD-1 and the exhaustion and immunosenescence markers CD244 and CD57 on CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood samples from 20 newly diagnosed, untreated AML patients and 10 cases with AML in CR was analyzed by flow cytometry. Twenty-three healthy individuals served as control. Results A significantly higher percentage of PD-1+ cells were found for CD3+ T cells in the de novo AML group compared with healthy controls. In addition, an increased level of PD-1+CD8+ T cells, but not PD-1+CD4+, was found for CD3+ T cells in the de novo AML and AML-CR samples. A higher percentage of CD244+CD4+, CD244+CD8+, CD57+CD4+ and CD57+CD8+ T cells was found in CD3+ T cells in samples from those with de novo AML compared with those from healthy controls. Strong increased PD-1+CD244+ and PD-1+CD57+ co-expression was found for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the de novo AML group compared with healthy controls. Conclusions We characterized the major T cell defects, including co-expression of PD-1 and CD244, CD57-exhausted T cells in patients with de novo AML, and found a particular influence on CD8+ T cells, suggesting a poor anti-leukemia immune response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Tan
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Danlin Yao
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kanger Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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15
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Qin L, Dominguez D, Chen S, Fan J, Long A, Zhang M, Fang D, Zhang Y, Kuzel TM, Zhang B. Exogenous IL-33 overcomes T cell tolerance in murine acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:61069-61080. [PMID: 27517629 PMCID: PMC5308636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that dominant peripheral tolerance is a major mechanism of immune escape in disseminated leukemia. Using an established murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model, we here show that systemic administration of recombinant IL-33 dramatically inhibits the leukemia growth and prolongs the survival of leukemia-bearing mice in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. Exogenous IL-33 treatment enhanced anti-leukemia activity by increasing the expansion and IFN-γ production of leukemia-reactive CD8+ T cells. Moreover, IL-33 promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activation in favor of its cross presentation ability to evoke a vigorous anti-leukemia immune response. Finally, we found that the combination of PD-1 blockade with IL-33 further prolonged the survival, with half of the mice achieving complete regression. Our data establish a role of exogenous IL-33 in reversing T cell tolerance, and suggest its potential clinical implication into leukemia immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Donye Dominguez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alan Long
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Timothy M. Kuzel
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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16
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Austin R, Smyth MJ, Lane SW. Harnessing the immune system in acute myeloid leukaemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 103:62-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Farkona S, Diamandis EP, Blasutig IM. Cancer immunotherapy: the beginning of the end of cancer? BMC Med 2016; 14:73. [PMID: 27151159 PMCID: PMC4858828 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
These are exciting times for cancer immunotherapy. After many years of disappointing results, the tide has finally changed and immunotherapy has become a clinically validated treatment for many cancers. Immunotherapeutic strategies include cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated T and natural killer cells, and administration of antibodies or recombinant proteins that either costimulate cells or block the so-called immune checkpoint pathways. The recent success of several immunotherapeutic regimes, such as monoclonal antibody blocking of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), has boosted the development of this treatment modality, with the consequence that new therapeutic targets and schemes which combine various immunological agents are now being described at a breathtaking pace. In this review, we outline some of the main strategies in cancer immunotherapy (cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and oncolytic viruses) and discuss the progress in the synergistic design of immune-targeting combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Farkona
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan M Blasutig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabet St. Rm 3EB-365, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada.
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18
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Khwaja A, Bjorkholm M, Gale RE, Levine RL, Jordan CT, Ehninger G, Bloomfield CD, Estey E, Burnett A, Cornelissen JJ, Scheinberg DA, Bouscary D, Linch DC. Acute myeloid leukaemia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016; 2:16010. [PMID: 27159408 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation derived from primitive haematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells. Abnormal differentiation of myeloid cells results in a high level of immature malignant cells and fewer differentiated red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. The disease occurs at all ages, but predominantly occurs in older people (>60 years of age). AML typically presents with a rapid onset of symptoms that are attributable to bone marrow failure and may be fatal within weeks or months when left untreated. The genomic landscape of AML has been determined and genetic instability is infrequent with a relatively small number of driver mutations. Mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation are common and are early events in leukaemogenesis. The subclassification of AML has been dependent on the morphology and cytogenetics of blood and bone marrow cells, but specific mutational analysis is now being incorporated. Improvements in treatment in younger patients over the past 35 years has largely been due to dose escalation and better supportive care. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be used to consolidate remission in those patients who are deemed to be at high risk of relapse. A plethora of new agents - including those targeted at specific biochemical pathways and immunotherapeutic approaches - are now in trial based on improved understanding of disease pathophysiology. These advances provide good grounds for optimism, although mortality remains high especially in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Khwaja
- Department of Haematology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Magnus Bjorkholm
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosemary E Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Eli Estey
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington and Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Didier Bouscary
- Institut Cochin, Département Développement Reproduction Cancer, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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19
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Casalegno-Garduño R, Schmitt A, Spitschak A, Greiner J, Wang L, Hilgendorf I, Hirt C, Ho AD, Freund M, Schmitt M. Immune responses to WT1 in patients with AML or MDS after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1792-801. [PMID: 26519872 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) is overexpressed in leukemia and WT1-derived CD8(+) T-cell epitopes for immunotherapies targeting WT1 have been defined. Here, we analyzed expression of WT1 in 226 peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) before and after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Transcripts were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and WT1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) were monitored by tetramer staining and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Reduction of WT1 levels correlated with a longer survival (p < 0.01). Increment of WT1 transcripts eventually resulted in relapse and subsequent death of the patients. In patients with longer survival and continuous complete remission (cCR) after SCT, higher and enduring frequencies of WT1-specific CTL than in patients developing a relapse were detected. These cells were effector T cells secreting interferon gamma and granzyme B. In summary, WT1 is a suitable marker for the detection of minimal residual disease after SCT or chemotherapy. A rising WT1 signal correlated with a dismal prognosis of the patients. WT1-specific CD8(+) T cells might contribute to the maintenance of a cCR. Targeting WT-1 by peptide/protein vaccination as well as adoptive transfer of genetically modified T cells are future options in the individualized therapy for AML/MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaely Casalegno-Garduño
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alf Spitschak
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inken Hilgendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hirt
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Hematology/Oncology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Freund
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Yu Z, Li D, Ju XL. CD4+ T cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia inhibit the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by secretion of miR-10a. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:733-40. [PMID: 26590574 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abnormality of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). T cell immunodeficiencies play important roles in the progression of leukemia. This study investigated the effect of CD4+ T cells from AML patients on the proliferation of BM-MSCs. METHODS The growth rate of BM-MSCs from AML patients and healthy donor was compared. CD4+ T cells were separated and identified from AML patients. Through co-culturing CD4+ T cells from AML patients and BM-MSCs from healthy, we detected the proliferation of BM-MSCs from healthy by MTT assay. qRT-PCR was performed to examine the expression of miR-10a. Luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the regulation of miR-10a on the expression of BCL6. RESULTS Here, we observed that BM-MSC from AML patients grew slower than that from healthy. CD4+ T cells from AML patients inhibited the proliferation of BM-MSCs through secreting miR-10a. In addition, miR-10a was found to target BCL6 and regulated its expression in transcription and translation levels. Correlation analysis revealed that the level of miR-10a in serum of AML patients was negatively correlated with BCL6 in BM-MSC. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that CD4+ T cells from AML patients suppress the proliferation of BM-MSCs via secreting miR-10a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-li Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Cheng XB, Sato N, Kohi S, Koga A, Hirata K. Receptor for Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Motility is Associated with Poor Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2015; 6:1093-8. [PMID: 26516356 PMCID: PMC4615344 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA)-mediated motility (RHAMM) is a nonintegral cell surface receptor involved in the aggressive phenotype in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, but the significance of RHAMM in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of RHAMM and its clinical relevance in PDAC. RHAMM mRNA expression was examined in 8 PDAC cell lines and in primary pancreatic cancer and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 14 patients using real-time RT-PCR. Western blotting was carried out to analyze the expression of RHAMM protein in PDAC cell lines. We also investigated the expression patterns of RHAMM protein in tissue samples from 70 PDAC patients using immunohistochemistry. The RHAMM mRNA expression was increased in some PDAC cell lines as compared to a non-tumorous pancreatic epithelial cell line HPDE. The RHAMM mRNA expression was significantly higher in PDAC tissues as compared to corresponding non-tumorous pancreatic tissues (P < 0.0001). The RHAMM protein expression was higher in the vast majority of PDAC cell lines relative to the expression in HPDE. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong expression of RHAMM in 52 (74%) PDAC tissues. Strong expression of RHAMM was significantly associated with a shorter survival time (P = 0.038). In multivariate analysis, tumor stage (P = 0.039), residual tumor (P = 0.015), and strong RHAMM expression (P = 0.034) were independent factors predicting poor survival. Strong expression of RHAMM may predict poor survival in PDAC patients and may provide prognostic and, possibly, therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Cheng
- 1. Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan ; 2. Department of Breast Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Norihiro Sato
- 1. Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Kohi
- 1. Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Koga
- 1. Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirata
- 1. Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Rahimi H, Ahmadzadeh A, Yousef-amoli S, Kokabee L, Shokrgozar MA, Mahdian R, Karimipoor M. The expression pattern of APC2 and APC7 in various cancer cell lines and AML patients. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:259-63. [PMID: 26046517 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaphase promoting complex (APC/C) is an E3 ligase enzyme, which ubiquinates various proteins involved in the cell cycle. This protein complex may have a pivotal role in the cell cycle control affecting pathological conditions such as cancer. APC7 and APC2 subunits of the APC/C complex are involved in the substrate recognition and the catalytic reaction, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, quantitative Real-time PCR was used to analyse APC2 and APC7 expression in different cancer cell lines as well as AML patient's blood cells. RESULTS The results showed that APC2 and APC7 subunits were both over expressed in cancer cell lines (p=0.008). The mean expression ratio of APC2 and APC7 in different cancer cells were 2.60±0.22 and 4.83±0.11, respectively. An increase in expression of APC2 and APC7 was seen among 12 out of 14 AML patients (85%). There was a significant positive correlation between APC2 upregulation and the detection of splenomegaly in the patients (r=0.808, p=0.001). CONCLUSION This was the first study suggesting that APC/C upregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and can be used as a molecular biomarker to predict the progression and the prognosis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Rahimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shamseddin Yousef-amoli
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Kokabee
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mortaza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Shi L, Chen S, Zha X, Xu Y, Xu L, Yang L, Lu Y, Zhu K, Li Y. Enhancement of the TCRζ expression, polyclonal expansion, and activation of t cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia after IL-2, IL-7, and IL-12 induction. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:481-8. [PMID: 25757160 PMCID: PMC4504257 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective T cell receptor (TCR) signaling resulting in lower T cell function plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T cell immunodeficiency in leukemia. Previous studies have indicated that lower TCRζ levels are a common characteristic of patients with leukemia, and upregulating TCRζ could partially recover T cell function. In this study, we characterized the effect of the stimulating factor induction on the TCRζ, Zap-70, and FcɛRIγ levels, IFN-γ secretion, and the distribution and clonal expansion of TCR Vβ subfamilies in CD3(+) T cells sorted from peripheral blood from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The induction included single stimulating factor or a combination with different cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, IL-2+IL-7, IL-7+IL-12, CD3, CD3+CD28 antibody, CD3+CD28 antibody+IL-2, and CD3+CD28 antibody+IL-7) at 72 h. The results showed that increased TCRζ and Zap-70 levels with deceased FcɛRIγ in T cells after induction, and different responses to cytokine in T cell from different cases may indicate the heterogeneity of T cells and different immune statuses in different AML cases. Increased IFN-γ levels in T cells from AML patients were detected after induction in the IL-12+IL-7, CD3+CD28+IL-2, and CD3+CD28+IL-7 groups. Moreover, the number of TCR Vβ subfamily T cells expressed was increased; however, all of the TCR Vβ subfamily T cells in the AML patients could not be completely recovered after induction. In conclusion, the cytotoxicity and activation function of T cells could be enhanced after induction by different stimuli accompanied by an increase in TCRζ and Zap-70 and recovery of the TCR Vβ repertoire in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kanger Zhu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Misra S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Ghatak S. Interactions between Hyaluronan and Its Receptors (CD44, RHAMM) Regulate the Activities of Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 25999946 PMCID: PMC4422082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a major component of extracellular matrices, and cell surface receptors of HA have been proposed to have pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which are necessary for inflammation and cancer progression. CD44 and receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) are the two main HA-receptors whose biological functions in human and murine inflammations and tumor cells have been investigated comprehensively. HA was initially considered to be only an inert component of connective tissues, but is now known as a “dynamic” molecule with a constant turnover in many tissues through rapid metabolism that involves HA molecules of various sizes: high molecular weight HA (HMW HA), low molecular weight HA, and oligosaccharides. The intracellular signaling pathways initiated by HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM that lead to inflammatory and tumorigenic responses are complex. Interestingly, these molecules have dual functions in inflammations and tumorigenesis. For example, the presence of CD44 is involved in initiation of arthritis, while the absence of CD44 by genetic deletion in an arthritis mouse model increases rather than decreases disease severity. Similar dual functions of CD44 exist in initiation and progression of cancer. RHAMM overexpression is most commonly linked to cancer progression, whereas loss of RHAMM is associated with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth. HA may similarly perform dual functions. An abundance of HMW HA can promote malignant cell proliferation and development of cancer, whereas antagonists to HA-CD44 signaling inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by interfering with HMW HA-CD44 interaction. This review describes the roles of HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM in inflammatory responses and tumor development/progression, and how therapeutic strategies that block these key inflammatory/tumorigenic processes may be developed in rodent and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland , Ohio, OH , USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
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Curran E, Corrales L, Kline J. Targeting the innate immune system as immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2015; 5:83. [PMID: 25914882 PMCID: PMC4391043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its disseminated nature and lack of tumor-draining lymph nodes, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) likely employs unique immune evasion strategies as compared to solid malignancies. Targeting these unique mechanisms may result in improved immunotherapeutic approaches. Emerging data suggest that a specific dendritic cell (DC) subset, CD8α DCs, may be responsible for mediating tolerance in AML and thus targeting the innate immune system may be of benefit in this disease. Promising immune targets include the toll-like receptors, calreticulin/CD47, the stimulator of interferon genes pathway, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). However, it is becoming clear that compensatory mechanisms may limit the efficacy of these agents alone and thus rationale combinations of immunotherapies are warranted. This review discusses the potential immune evasion strategies in AML, as well as discussion of the promising innate immune targets, both alone and in combination, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curran
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Leticia Corrales
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA ; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Justin Kline
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA ; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA ; University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center , Chicago, IL , USA
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26
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Schendel DJ, Frankenberger B. Limitations for TCR gene therapy by MHC-restricted fratricide and TCR-mediated hematopoietic stem cell toxicity. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e22410. [PMID: 23483031 PMCID: PMC3583918 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of lymphocytes engineered to express high affinity T-cell receptors (TCRs) specific for two broadly expressed tumor-associated antigens is strongly limited by MHC-restricted fratricide of lymphocytes and TCR-mediated killing of hematopoietic stem cells. Specific clinical applications must therefore be conceived to bypass these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores J Schendel
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Munich, Germany ; Clinical Cooperation Group "Immune Monitoring"; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Munich, Germany
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van den Ancker W, Ruben JM, Westers TM, Wulandari D, Bontkes HJ, Hooijberg E, Stam AGM, Santegoets SJAM, Ossenkoppele GJ, de Gruijl T, van de Loosdrecht A. Priming of PRAME- and WT1-specific CD8 + T cells in healthy donors but not in AML patients in complete remission: Implications for immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23971. [PMID: 23734332 PMCID: PMC3654602 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Active immunotherapy may prevent the relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by inducing leukemia-specific T cells. Here, we investigated whether Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) and preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME)-specific T cells could be induced upon the priming of healthy donor- and AML patient-derived T cells with HLA-A2-matched, peptide-loaded allogeneic dendritic cells. AML-reactive, tetramer (Tm)-binding and interferon-producing, cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for PRAME could readily be isolated from healthy individuals and maintained in culture. In this setting, priming efficacy was significantly higher for PRAME than for WT1. The priming of T cells from patient-derived material proved to be near-to-impossible: No leukemia-associated antigen (LAA)-specific T cell could be primed in 4 patients that had recently achieved a complete response (CR), and in only 1 out of 3 patients exhibiting a sustained CR we did observe WT1-specific T cells, though with a low frequency. These findings suggest that the functionality and/or repertoire of T cells differ in healthy subjects and AML patients in CR, and may have repercussions for the implementation of active vaccination approaches against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn van den Ancker
- Department of Hematology; VU University Medical Center/Cancer Center Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Karbownik MS, Nowak JZ. Hyaluronan: towards novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1056-74. [PMID: 24399703 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the role of hyaluronan in physiology and various pathological conditions has changed since the complex nature of its synthesis, degradation and interactions with diverse binding proteins was revealed. Initially perceived only as an inert component of connective tissue, it is now known to be involved in multiple signaling pathways, including those involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Hyaluronan presents a mixture of various length polymer molecules from finely fragmented oligosaccharides, polymers intermediate in size, to huge aggregates of high molecular weight hyaluronan. While large molecules promote tissue integrity and quiescence, the generation of breakdown products enhances signaling transduction, contributing to the pro-oncogenic behavior of cancer cells. Low molecular weight hyaluronan has well-established angiogenic properties, while the smallest hyaluronan oligomers may counteract tumor development. These equivocal properties make the role of hyaluronan in cancer biology very complex. This review surveys recent data on hyaluronan biosynthesis, metabolism, and interactions with its binding proteins called hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), providing themolecular background underlying its differentiated biological activity. In particular, the article critically presents current ideas on actual role of hyaluronan in cancer. The paper additionally maps a path towards promising novel anti-cancer therapeutics which target hyaluronan metabolic enzymes and hyaladherins, and constitute hyaluronan-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał S Karbownik
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, PL 90-752 Łódź, Poland. ;
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Shigeishi H, Higashikawa K, Takechi M. Role of receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) in human head and neck cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1629-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leukemic stem cells of acute myeloid leukemia patients carrying NPM1 mutation are candidates for targeted immunotherapy. Leukemia 2014; 28:1759-62. [PMID: 24675106 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Rein LAM, Chao NJ. WT1 vaccination in acute myeloid leukemia: new methods of implementing adoptive immunotherapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:417-26. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.889114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Casalegno-Garduño R, Schmitt A, Schmitt M. Clinical peptide vaccination trials for leukemia patients. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:785-99. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Immune responses against the mutated region of cytoplasmatic NPM1 might contribute to the favorable clinical outcome of AML patients with NPM1 mutations (NPM1mut). Blood 2013; 122:1087-8. [PMID: 23929838 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-496844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Babiak A, Steinhauser M, Götz M, Herbst C, Döhner H, Greiner J. Frequent T cell responses against immunogenic targets in lung cancer patients for targeted immunotherapy. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:384-90. [PMID: 24154794 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality with short overall survival despite adequate therapy. New immunotherapeutic strategies using peptides derived from tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can induce a specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response leading to a targeted tumor cell death. In the present study, we addressed whether there are further significant immunogenic candidate targets that may induce strong immune reactions with a high frequency in lung cancer patients eligible for cellular immunotherapeutic approaches, such as in a polyvalent vaccination approach. In this study, we investigated specific CTL responses of 14 HLA-A*0201-positive patients (of 33 screened patients) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; n=12) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC; n=2) against several known and novel TAA-derived peptides from lung cancer and/or other tumor entities, by measuring granzyme B (GrB) and/or interferon γ (IFNγ) secretion using enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) analysis. Specific T cell responses could be detected for hTERT (4/13), two MAGE-A3-derived peptides (4/13 and 3/13, respectively), RHAMM (4/14), PRAME (8/14), G250 (7/12), survivin (3/13), HER2 (5/10) and WT1 (2/14), but also novel epitopes derived from Aurora kinase A (4/13) and B (5/13). Additionally, simultaneous CTL responses against the different peptides were examined and specific T cell responses against at least one of these TAAs could be detected in 13/14 (93%) patients. It could be shown that all patients with immune reactions against RHAMM and hTERT showed also immune responses against PRAME. Furthermore, patients with CTL responses against the Aurora kinase A peptide (Aura A1) also demonstrated a response against the Aurora kinase B peptide (Aura B1). Taken together, we showed that these TAA-derived peptides induce frequent specific T cell responses in patients with metastatic lung cancer and are, therefore, novel candidates for targeted immunotherapies and polyvalent approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Babiak
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Kim HJ, Choi EJ, Sohn HJ, Park SH, Min WS, Kim TG. Combinatorial molecular marker assays of WT1, survivin, and TERT at initial diagnosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2013; 91:411-22. [PMID: 23826993 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High levels of expression of Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1), survivin, or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genes are introduced as leukemia-associated targets predicting clinical outcome. We prospectively investigated the leukemia-associated gene transcripts by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction from 151 adult patients with AML associated with the patients' clinical characteristics. The maximum levels of each gene in bone marrow were 64.4-, 8.1-, and 3.9-fold higher than those in the normal control, respectively. In contrast to the WT1 and TERT levels, survivin showed comparatively higher expression in the unfavorable cytogenetic group of patients. We found a significant difference in survivin levels between the CR and non-CR groups (P = 0.0237). TERT expression levels were higher in patients who had a greater number of peripheral blood leukemic blasts at diagnosis (P = 0.0191). Non-MRC subtypes and patients without specific mutations were the most powerful predictive factors for a better CR rate, by multivariate analyses. The lower levels of both WT1 and survivin co-expression (P = 0.0129) and both survivin + TERT co-expression (P = 0.0115) were significant factors for better OS. Besides lower initial levels of serum ferritin (P = 0.0401), lower levels of WT1 (P = 0.0438) and survivin (P = 0.0401), lower levels of both WT1 and survivin co-expression (P = 0.0031), and the three-gene combination of lower WT1 + survivin + TERT (P = 0.0454) were powerful predictive factors for better EFS. As our findings were based on a single disease entity, that is, adult AML, they suggest that the expression of these genes may be critical for the immunobiology of AML to influence the clinical outcome in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Je Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Romero PJ, Withington T, Marincola F. Immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia: current concepts and future directions. J Immunother Cancer 2013; 1:1/1/13. [PMID: 24353898 PMCID: PMC3864190 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses generated against malignant cells have the potential to inhibit tumor growth, or even eliminate transformed cells before a tumor forms. However, immune tolerance mechanisms that normally protect healthy tissues from autoimmune damage pose a formidable barrier to the development of effective anti-tumor immunity. Because malignant cells are derived from self-tissues, the majority of defined tumor antigens are either shared or aberrantly expressed self-proteins. Eliciting productive T cell responses against such proteins is challenging, as most high-affinity, self-reactive T cells are purged during thymic selection. Some T cells capable of tumor antigen recognition escape thymic deletion, but are functionally inhibited by peripheral tolerance mechanisms which limit their ability to attack a developing malignancy. Alternatively, some tumors express antigens derived from mutated self-proteins, viral proteins or self proteins expressed only during embryonic development. These antigens are recognized by the immune system as foreign and could be recognized by a relatively large number of peripheral T cells. Even in this scenario, tumors evade otherwise effective T cell responses by employing potent immunosuppressive mechanisms within their local environment. In the setting for solid malignancies, such as melanoma, a growing number of putative immune evasion mechanisms have been characterized. However, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a systemic disease, and the pathways it exploits to subvert the host immune response may be quite different than those of a solid tumor. Much remains unknown regarding the immune escape mechanisms promoted by AML, and whether efforts to thwart tolerance may influence the progression of this disease. Here, we review current concepts of immune evasion in AML, and speculate how potentially effective immunotherapeutic strategies might be developed to reverse immune tolerance in leukemia patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Romero
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tara Withington
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Schendel DJ. Is it time to abandon RHAMM/HMMR as a candidate antigen for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia? Haematologica 2013; 97:1454-5. [PMID: 23053669 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.077099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Frameshift-derived neoantigens constitute immunotherapeutic targets for patients with microsatellite-instable haematological malignancies: frameshift peptides for treating MSI+ blood cancers. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2587-95. [PMID: 23561850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microsatellite instability (MSI) resulting from loss of functional DNA mismatch repair was recently found in various haematological disorders. In coding sequences, MSI leads to frameshift mutations (FSMs) and the production of C-terminally altered proteins which are foreign to the immune system. Here, we wondered whether these frame-shifted peptide (FSP) sequences represent tumour-specific antigens also for MSI(+) leukaemia and lymphomas (L/L). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 33 coding region microsatellites were examined in MSI(+) L/L cell lines for the presence of FSMs. Thereafter, recognition of MSI(+) cells by established FSP-specific CD8(+) T cell lines was quantified using interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. In each experiment, MSI(+) L/L cell lines and T2 targets exogenously loaded with the cognate peptide (=internal control) were employed. Supplementary, lytic activity towards tumour cells was analysed by standard chromium release assay ((51)Cr). RESULTS Mutational profiling of 33 coding microsatellite loci in nine MSI(+) L/L cell lines revealed instability in at least nine microsatellites. In each cell line, a distinct mutational profile was observed. Only three of the 33 loci were stable. FSP-specific and human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted T cells specifically recognised MSI(+) L/L cells endogenously expressing TGFβRII(-1), Caspase 5 (-1) and MSH3 (-1) in ELISpot assays. Moreover, specific killing of Caspase 5 (-1) and MSH3 (-1) expressing L/L cell lines was achieved in functional cytotoxicity assays. CONCLUSION Data presented here expand the importance of FSPs as shared and general tumour-specific antigens. Consequently, they open new avenues for specific immunotherapies not only for solid but also for MSI(+) haematological malignancies.
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New targets for the immunotherapy of colon cancer-does reactive disease hold the answer? Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:157-68. [PMID: 23492821 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women, posing a serious demographic and economic burden worldwide. In the United Kingdom, CRC affects 1 in every 20 people and it is often detected once well established and after it has spread beyond the bowel (Stage IIA-C and Stage IIIA-C). A diagnosis at such advanced stages is associated with poor treatment response and survival. However, studies have identified two sub-groups of post-treatment CRC patients--those with good outcome (reactive disease) and those with poor outcome (non-reactive disease). We aim to review the state-of-the-art for CRC with respect to the expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) and their identification, evaluation and correlation with disease progression, treatment response and survival. We will also discuss the relationship between CTA expression and regulatory T-cell (Treg) activity to tumorigenesis and tumor immune evasion in CRC and how this could account for the clinical presentation of CRC. Understanding the molecular basis of reactive CRC may help us identify more potent novel immunotherapeutic targets to aid the effective treatment of this disease. In this review, based on our presentation at the 2012 International Society for the Cell and Gene Therapy of Cancer annual meeting, we will summarize some of the most current advances in CTA and CRC research and their influence on the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches for this common and at times difficult to treat disease.
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Bullinger L, Schlenk RF, Götz M, Botzenhardt U, Hofmann S, Russ AC, Babiak A, Zhang L, Schneider V, Döhner K, Schmitt M, Döhner H, Greiner J. PRAME-Induced Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Receptor Signaling-Mediated Differentiation—A Possible Target for ATRA Response in AML without t(15;17). Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2562-71. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hofmann S, Götz M, Schneider V, Guillaume P, Bunjes D, Döhner H, Wiesneth M, Greiner J. Donor lymphocyte infusion induces polyspecific CD8(+) T-cell responses with concurrent molecular remission in acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 mutation. J Clin Oncol 2012; 31:e44-7. [PMID: 23248243 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.41.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hofmann
- Universitiy Clinic Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany 89081.
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Schneider V, Egenrieder S, Götz M, Herbst C, Greiner J, Hofmann S. Specific immune responses against epitopes derived from Aurora kinase A and B in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:1500-4. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.740667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm,
Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Marlies Götz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm,
Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herbst
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm,
Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm,
Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm,
Ulm, Germany
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Landry B, Aliabadi HM, Samuel A, Gül-Uludağ H, Jiang X, Kutsch O, Uludağ H. Effective non-viral delivery of siRNA to acute myeloid leukemia cells with lipid-substituted polyethylenimines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44197. [PMID: 22952927 PMCID: PMC3432090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach for AML treatment as the siRNA molecule can be designed to specifically target proteins that contribute to aberrant cell proliferation in this disease. However, a clinical-relevant means of delivering siRNA molecules must be developed, as the cellular delivery of siRNA is problematic. Here, we report amphiphilic carriers combining a cationic polymer (2 kDa polyethyleneimine, PEI2) with lipophilic moieties to facilitate intracellular delivery of siRNA to AML cell lines. Complete binding of siRNA by the designed carriers was achieved at a polymer:siRNA ratio of ∼0.5 and led to siRNA/polymer complexes of ∼100 nm size. While the native PEI2 did not display cytotoxicity on AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1 and HL-60, lipid-modification on PEI2 slightly increased the cytotoxicity, which was consistent with increased interaction of polymers with cell membranes. Cellular delivery of siRNA was dependent on the nature of lipid substituent and the extent of lipid substitution, and varied among the three AML cell lines used. Linoleic acid-substituted polymers performed best among the prepared polymers and gave a siRNA delivery equivalent to better performing commercial reagents. Using THP-1 cells and a reporter (GFP) and an endogenous (CXCR4) target, effective silencing of the chosen targets was achieved with 25 to 50 nM of siRNA concentrations, and without adversely affecting subsequent cell growth. We conclude that lipid-substituted PEI2 can serve as an effective delivery of siRNA to leukemic cells and could be employed in molecular therapy of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Death
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Silencing
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Indicators and Reagents
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Lipids/chemistry
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Serum/metabolism
- Temperature
- Trypan Blue
- Viruses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Landry
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anuja Samuel
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hilal Gül-Uludağ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratories, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Centre for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Leukemia-associated antigens and their relevance to the immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2012; 26:2186-96. [PMID: 22652755 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The graft-versus-leukemia effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has shown that the immune system is capable of eradicating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This knowledge, along with the identification of the target antigens against which antileukemia immune responses are directed, has provided a strong impetus for the development of antigen-targeted immunotherapy of AML. The success of any antigen-specific immunotherapeutic strategy depends critically on the choice of target antigen. Ideal molecules for immune targeting in AML are those that are: (1) leukemia-specific; (2) expressed in most leukemic blasts including leukemic stem cells; (3) important for the leukemic phenotype; (4) immunogenic; and (5) clinically effective. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on AML-related tumor antigens and assess their applicability for immunotherapy against the five criteria outlined above. In this way, we aim to facilitate the selection of appropriate target antigens, a task that has become increasingly challenging given the large number of antigens identified and the rapid pace at which new targets are being discovered. The information provided in this review is intended to guide the rational design of future antigen-specific immunotherapy trials, which will hopefully lead to new antileukemia therapies with more selectivity and higher efficacy.
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Mapping of novel peptides of WT-1 and presenting HLA alleles that induce epitope-specific HLA-restricted T cells with cytotoxic activity against WT-1(+) leukemias. Blood 2012; 120:1633-46. [PMID: 22623625 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-394619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms tumor protein (WT-1) is widely recognized as a tumor antigen that is expressed differentially by several malignancies. However, WT-1 peptides known to induce tumoricidal T cells are few. In the present study, we evaluated T-cell responses of 56 healthy donors to in vitro sensitization with autologous APCs loaded with a pool of overlapping 15-mer peptides spanning the sequence of WT-1. Thereafter, we mapped the WT-1 peptides eliciting responses in each individual, defined the immunogenic peptides, and identified their presenting HLA alleles. We report 41 previously unreported epitopes of WT-1: 5 presented by class II and 36 by class I alleles, including 10 that could be presented by more than 1 class I allele. IFNγ(+) T cells responding to 98% of the class I and 60% of the class II epitopes exhibited HLA-restricted cytotoxicity against peptide-loaded targets. T cells specific for 36 WT-1 peptides were evaluable for leukemocidal activity, of which 27 (75%) lysed WT-1(+) leukemic targets sharing their restricting HLA allele. Each epitope identified induced T-cell responses in most donors sharing the epitopes' presenting allele; these responses often exceeded responses to flanking peptides predicted to be more immunogenic. This series of immunogenic epitopes of WT-1 should prove useful for immunotherapies targeting WT-1(+) malignancies.
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Mutated regions of nucleophosmin 1 elicit both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2012; 120:1282-9. [PMID: 22592607 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-394395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the nucleophosmin gene (NPM1(mut)) are one of the most frequent molecular alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and immune responses may contribute to the favorable prognosis of AML patients with NPM1(mut). In the present study, we were able to demonstrate both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses against NPM1(mut). Ten peptides derived from wild-type NPM1 and NPM1(mut) were subjected to ELISPOT analysis in 33 healthy volunteers and 27 AML patients. Tetramer assays against the most interesting epitopes were performed and Cr(51)-release assays were used to show the cytotoxicity of peptide-specific T cells. Moreover, HLA-DR-binding epitopes were used to test the role of CD4(+) T cells in NPM1 immunogenicity. Two epitopes (epitopes #1 and #3) derived from NPM1(mut) induced CD8(+) T-cell responses. A total of 33% of the NPM1(mut) AML patients showed immune responses against epitope #1 and 44% against epitope #3. Specific lysis of leukemic blasts was detected. To obtain robust immune responses against tumor cells, the activation of CD4(+) T cells is crucial. Therefore, overlapping (OL) peptides were analyzed in ELISPOT assays and OL8 was able to activate both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. The results of the present study show that NPM1(mut) induces specific T-cell responses of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and therefore is a promising target for specific immunotherapies in AML.
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Snauwaert S, Vanhee S, Goetgeluk G, Verstichel G, Van Caeneghem Y, Velghe I, Philippé J, Berneman ZN, Plum J, Taghon T, Leclercq G, Thielemans K, Kerre T, Vandekerckhove B. RHAMM/HMMR (CD168) is not an ideal target antigen for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2012; 97:1539-47. [PMID: 22532518 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.065581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Criteria for good candidate antigens for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia are high expression on leukemic stem cells in the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and low or no expression in vital tissues. It was shown in vaccination trials that Receptor for Hyaluronic Acid Mediated Motility (RHAMM/HMMR) generates cellular immune responses in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and that these responses correlate with clinical benefit. It is not clear however whether this response actually targets the leukemic stem cell, especially since it was reported that RHAMM is expressed maximally during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In addition, tumor specificity of RHAMM expression remains relatively unexplored. DESIGN AND METHODS Blood, leukapheresis and bone marrow samples were collected from both acute myeloid leukemia patients and healthy controls. RHAMM expression was assessed at protein and mRNA levels on various sorted populations, either fresh or after manipulation. RESULTS High levels of RHAMM were expressed by CD34(+)CD38(+) and CD34(-) acute myeloid leukemia blasts. However, only baseline expression of RHAMM was measured in CD34(+)CD38(-) leukemic stem cells, and was not different from that in CD34(+)CD38(-) hematopoietic stem cells from healthy controls. RHAMM was significantly up-regulated in CD34(+) cells from healthy donors during in vitro expansion and during in vivo engraftment. Finally, we demonstrated an explicit increase in the expression level of RHAMM after in vitro activation of T cells. CONCLUSIONS RHAMM does not fulfill the criteria of an ideal target antigen for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. RHAMM expression in leukemic stem cells does not differ significantly from the expression in hematopoietic stem cells from healthy controls. RHAMM expression in proliferating CD34+ cells of healthy donors and activated T cells further compromises RHAMM-specific T-cell-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Snauwaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
The hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR/Rhamm) is overexpressed in numerous tumor types, including acute lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several studies have reported the existence of T-cell responses directed against HMMR in AML patients that are linked to better clinical outcome. Therefore, we explored the use of HMMR-specific TCRs for transgenic expression in lymphocytes and their in vivo impact on HMMR(+) solid tumors and disseminated leukemia. We obtained TCRs via an in vitro priming approach in combination with CD137-mediated enrichment. Recipient lymphocytes expressing transgenic TCR revealed the specific tumor recognition pattern seen with the original T cells. Adoptive transfer experiments using a humanized xenograft mouse model resulted in significantly retarded solid tumor outgrowth, which was enhanced using IL-15-conditioned, TCR-transgenic effector memory cells. These cells also showed an increased potency to retard the outgrowth of disseminated AML, and this was further improved using CD8-enriched effector memory cells. To define a safe clinical setting for HMMR-TCR gene therapy, we analyzed transgenic T-cell recognition of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and found on-target killing of HLA-A2(+) HSCs. Our findings clearly limit the use of HMMR-TCR therapy to MHC- mismatched HSC transplantation, in which HLA-A2 differences can be used to restrict recognition to patient HSCs and leukemia.
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Zhang L, Greiner J. Leukemia-associated antigens are immunogenic and have prognostic value in acute myeloid leukemia. Immunotherapy 2012; 3:697-9. [PMID: 21668302 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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