1
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Chen LC, Huang SP, Shih CT, Li CY, Chen YT, Huang CY, Yu CC, Lin VC, Lee CH, Geng JH, Bao BY. ATP8B1: A prognostic prostate cancer biomarker identified via genetic analysis. Prostate 2023; 83:602-611. [PMID: 36794287 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids across biological membranes plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of cells; one of the most important contributors that maintain this lipid asymmetry are phospholipid-transporting adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases). Although sufficient information regarding their association with cancer exists, there is limited evidence linking the genetic variants of phospholipid-transporting ATPase family genes to prostate cancer in humans. METHODS In this study, we investigated the association of 222 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight phospholipid-transporting ATPase genes with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of 630 patients treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. RESULTS After multivariate Cox regression analysis and multiple testing correction, we found that ATP8B1 rs7239484 was remarkably associated with CSS and OS after ADT. A pooled analysis of multiple independent gene-expression datasets demonstrated that ATP8B1 was under-expressed in tumor tissues and that a higher ATP8B1 expression was associated with a better patient prognosis. Moreover, we established highly invasive sublines using two human prostate cancer cell lines to mimic cancer progression traits in vitro. The expression of ATP8B1 was consistently downregulated in both highly invasive sublines. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that rs7239484 is a prognostic factor for patients treated with ADT and that ATP8B1 can potentially attenuate prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Tien Shih
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Victor C Lin
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kaynak A, N’Guessan KF, Patel PH, Lee JH, Kogan AB, Narmoneva DA, Qi X. Electric Fields Regulate In Vitro Surface Phosphatidylserine Exposure of Cancer Cells via a Calcium-Dependent Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020466. [PMID: 36831002 PMCID: PMC9953458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after heart disease. The current treatment options to fight cancer are limited, and there is a critical need for better treatment strategies. During the last several decades, several electric field (EF)-based approaches for anti-cancer therapies have been introduced, such as electroporation and tumor-treating fields; still, they are far from optimal due to their invasive nature, limited efficacy and significant side effects. In this study, we developed a non-contact EF stimulation system to investigate the in vitro effects of a novel EF modality on cancer biomarkers in normal (human astrocytes, human pancreatic ductal epithelial -HDPE-cells) and cancer cell lines (glioblastoma U87-GBM, human pancreatic cancer cfPac-1, and MiaPaCa-2). Our results demonstrate that this EF modality can successfully modulate an important cancer cell biomarker-cell surface phosphatidylserine (PS). Our results further suggest that moderate, but not low, amplitude EF induces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), actin polymerization, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines. Based on our results, we propose a mechanism for EF-mediated PS exposure in cancer cells, where the magnitude of induced EF on the cell surface can differentially regulate intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels, thereby modulating surface PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kaynak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kombo F. N’Guessan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Priyankaben H. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jing-Huei Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Andrei B. Kogan
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Daria A. Narmoneva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-558-4025
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3
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Kaynak A, Davis HW, Kogan AB, Lee JH, Narmoneva DA, Qi X. Phosphatidylserine: The Unique Dual-Role Biomarker for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2536. [PMID: 35626139 PMCID: PMC9139557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, many cancer-associated biomarkers have been identified that are used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, screening, and early detection, as well as for predicting and monitoring carcinogenesis and therapeutic effectiveness. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid which is predominantly located in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. In many cancer cells, PS externalizes to the outer cell membrane, a process regulated by calcium-dependent flippases and scramblases. Saposin C coupled with dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS) nanovesicle (BXQ-350) and bavituximab, (Tarvacin, human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibodies) are cell surface PS-targeting drugs being tested in clinical trial for treating a variety of cancers. Additionally, a number of other PS-selective agents have been used to trigger cytotoxicity in tumor-associated endothelial cells or cancer cells in pre-clinical studies. Recent studies have demonstrated that upregulation of surface PS exposure by chemodrugs, radiation, and external electric fields can be used as a novel approach to sensitize cancer cells to PS-targeting anticancer drugs. The objectives of this review are to provide an overview of a unique dual-role of PS as a biomarker/target for cancer imaging and therapy, and to discuss PS-based anticancer strategies that are currently under active development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kaynak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Harold W. Davis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Andrei B. Kogan
- Physics Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Jing-Huei Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Daria A. Narmoneva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
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4
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Davis HW, Kaynak A, Vallabhapurapu SD, Qi X. Targeting of elevated cell surface phosphatidylserine with saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine nanodrug as individual or combination therapy for pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:550-559. [PMID: 34163572 PMCID: PMC8204355 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest of cancers with a five-year survival of roughly 8%. Current therapies are: surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Surgery is curative only if the cancer is caught very early, which is rare, and the latter two modalities are only marginally effective and have significant side effects. We have developed a nanosome comprised of the lysosomal protein, saposin C (SapC) and the acidic phospholipid, dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS). In the acidic tumor microenvironment, this molecule, SapC-DOPS, targets the phosphatidylserine cancer-biomarker which is predominantly elevated on the surface of cancer cells. Importantly, SapC-DOPS can selectively target pancreatic tumors and metastases. Furthermore, SapC-DOPS has exhibited an impressive safety profile with only a few minor side effects in both preclinical experiments and in phase I clinical trials. With the dismal outcomes for pancreatic cancer there is an urgent need for better treatments and SapC-DOPS is a good candidate for addition to the oncologist’s toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Ahmet Kaynak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
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5
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Sandin SI, Gravano DM, Randolph CJ, Sharma M, de Alba E. Engineering of Saposin C Protein Chimeras for Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Optimized Liposome Binding Capability. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040583. [PMID: 33921905 PMCID: PMC8072984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Saposin C (sapC) is a lysosomal, peripheral-membrane protein displaying liposome fusogenic capabilities. Proteoliposomes of sapC and phosphatidylserine have been shown to be toxic for cancer cells and are currently on clinical trial to treat glioblastoma. As proof-of-concept, we show two strategies to enhance the applications of sapC proteoliposomes: (1) Engineering chimeras composed of sapC to modulate proteoliposome function; (2) Engineering sapC to modify its lipid binding capabilities. In the chimera design, sapC is linked to a cell death-inducing peptide: the BH3 domain of the Bcl-2 protein PUMA. We show by solution NMR and dynamic light scattering that the chimera is functional at the molecular level by fusing liposomes and by interacting with prosurvival Bcl-xL, which is PUMA’s known mechanism to induce cell death. Furthermore, sapC-PUMA proteoliposomes enhance cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells compared to sapC. Finally, the sapC domain of the chimera has been engineered to optimize liposome binding at pH close to physiological values as protein–lipid interactions are favored at acidic pH in the native protein. Altogether, our results indicate that the properties of sapC proteoliposomes can be modified by engineering the protein surface and by the addition of small peptides as fusion constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne I. Sandin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (S.I.S.); (C.J.R.); (M.S.)
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Ph.D. Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - David M. Gravano
- Stem Cell Instrumentation Foundry, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA;
| | - Christopher J. Randolph
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (S.I.S.); (C.J.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (S.I.S.); (C.J.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Eva de Alba
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (S.I.S.); (C.J.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Landry MR, Walker JM, Sun C. Exploiting Phagocytic Checkpoints in Nanomedicine: Applications in Imaging and Combination Therapies. Front Chem 2021; 9:642530. [PMID: 33748077 PMCID: PMC7966415 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.642530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in cancer immunotherapy has largely been focused on the adaptive immune system, particularly adoptive T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Despite improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival across multiple cancer types, neither cell-based therapies nor ICB results in durable disease control in the majority of patients. A critical component of antitumor immunity is the mononuclear phagocyte system and its role in both innate and adaptive immunity. The phagocytic functions of these cells have been shown to be modulated through multiple pathways, including the CD47-SIRPα axis, which is manipulated by cancer cells for immune evasion. In addition to CD47, tumors express a variety of other “don’t eat me” signals, including beta-2-microglobulin and CD24, and “eat me” signals, including calreticulin and phosphatidylserine. Therapies targeting these signals can lead to increased phagocytosis of cancer cells; however, because “don’t eat me” signals are markers of “self” on normal cells, treatment can result in negative off-target effects, such as anemia and B-cell depletion. Recent preclinical research has demonstrated the potential of nanocarriers to synergize with prophagocytic therapies, address the off-target effects, improve pharmacokinetics, and codeliver chemotherapeutics. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles paired with preferential size for passive targeting allows for greater accumulation of therapeutic cargo. In addition, nanomaterials hold promise as molecular imaging agents for the detection of phagocytic markers. This mini review highlights the unique capabilities of nanotechnology to expand the application and efficacy of immunotherapy through recently discovered phagocytotic checkpoint therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R Landry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joshua M Walker
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Conroy Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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7
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Koehler A, Karve A, Desai P, Arbiser J, Plas DR, Qi X, Read RD, Sasaki AT, Gawali VS, Toukam DK, Bhattacharya D, Kallay L, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Reuse of Molecules for Glioblastoma Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:99. [PMID: 33525329 PMCID: PMC7912673 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor. The current standard of care for GBM is the Stupp protocol which includes surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy concomitant with the DNA alkylator temozolomide; however, survival under this treatment regimen is an abysmal 12-18 months. New and emerging treatments include the application of a physical device, non-invasive 'tumor treating fields' (TTFs), including its concomitant use with standard of care; and varied vaccines and immunotherapeutics being trialed. Some of these approaches have extended life by a few months over standard of care, but in some cases are only available for a minority of GBM patients. Extensive activity is also underway to repurpose and reposition therapeutics for GBM, either alone or in combination with the standard of care. In this review, we present select molecules that target different pathways and are at various stages of clinical translation as case studies to illustrate the rationale for their repurposing-repositioning and potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - David R. Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Renee D. Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Atsuo T. Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Vaibhavkumar S. Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Donatien K. Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
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Biotherapy of Brain Tumors with Phosphatidylserine-Targeted Radioiodinated SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091960. [PMID: 32854321 PMCID: PMC7565346 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a common type of brain cancer, has a very poor prognosis. In general, viable GBM cells exhibit elevated phosphatidylserine (PS) on their membrane surface compared to healthy cells. We have developed a drug, saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS), that selectively targets cancer cells by honing in on this surface PS. To examine whether SapC-DOPS, a stable, blood–brain barrier-penetrable nanovesicle, could be an effective delivery system for precise targeted therapy of radiation, we iodinated several carbocyanine-based fluorescent reporters with either stable iodine (127I) or radioactive isotopes (125I and 131I). While all of the compounds, when incorporated into the SapC-DOPS delivery system, were taken up by human GBM cell lines, we chose the two that best accumulated in the cells (DiI (22,3) and DiD (16,16)). Pharmacokinetics were conducted with 125I-labeled compounds and indicated that DiI (22,3)-SapC-DOPS had a time to peak in the blood of 0.66 h and an elimination half-life of 8.4 h. These values were 4 h and 11.5 h, respectively, for DiD (16,16)-SapC-DOPS. Adult nude mice with GBM cells implanted in their brains were treated with 131I-DID (16,16)-SapC-DOPS. Mice receiving the radionuclide survived nearly 50% longer than the control groups. These data suggest a potential novel, personalized treatment for a devastating brain disease.
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9
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N'Guessan KF, Davis HW, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SD, Lewis CS, Franco RS, Olowokure O, Ahmad SA, Yeh JJ, Bogdanov VY, Qi X. Enhanced Efficacy of Combination of Gemcitabine and Phosphatidylserine-Targeted Nanovesicles against Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1876-1886. [PMID: 32516572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is often externalized in viable pancreatic cancer cells and is therapeutically targetable using PS-selective drugs. One of the first-line treatments for advanced pancreatic cancer disease, gemcitabine (GEM), provides only marginal benefit to patients. We therefore investigated the therapeutic benefits of combining GEM and the PS-targeting drug, saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS), for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using cell-cycle analyses and a cell surface PS-based sorting method in vitro, we observed an increase in surface PS as cells progress through the cell cycle from G1 to G2/M. We also observed that GEM treatment preferentially targets G1 phase cells that have low surface PS, resulting in an increased median surface PS level of PDAC cells. Inversely, SapC-DOPS preferentially targets high surface PS cells that are predominantly in the G2/M phase. Finally, combination therapy in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC tumors in vivo with SapC-DOPS and GEM or Abraxane (Abr)/GEM (one of the current standards of care) significantly inhibits tumor growth and increases survival compared with individual treatments. Our studies confirm a surface PS and cell cycle-based enhancement of cancer cytotoxicity following SapC-DOPS treatment in combination with GEM or Abr/GEM. Thus, PDAC patients treated with Abr/GEM may benefit from concurrent administration of SapC-DOPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kombo F N'Guessan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Clayton S Lewis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Olugbenga Olowokure
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vladimir Y Bogdanov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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10
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Sun Y, Liou B, Chu Z, Fannin V, Blackwood R, Peng Y, Grabowski GA, Davis HW, Qi X. Systemic enzyme delivery by blood-brain barrier-penetrating SapC-DOPS nanovesicles for treatment of neuronopathic Gaucher disease. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102735. [PMID: 32279952 PMCID: PMC7251241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can positively affect the visceral manifestations of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). However, the exclusion of the intravenous ERT agents from the central nervous system (CNS) prevents direct therapeutic effects. Methods Using a neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD) mouse model, CNS-ERT was created using a systemic, non-invasive, and CNS-selective delivery system based on nanovesicles of saposin C (SapC) and dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) to deliver to CNS cells and tissues the corrective, functional acid β-glucosidase (GCase). Findings Compared to free GCase, human GCase formulated with SapC-DOPS nanovesicles (SapC-DOPS-GCase) was more stable in serum, taken up into cells, mostly by a mannose receptor-independent pathway, and resulted in higher activity in GCase-deficient cells. In contrast to free GCase, SapC-DOPS-GCase nanovesicles penetrated through the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. The CNS targeting was mediated by surface phosphatidylserine (PS) of blood vessel and brain cells. Increased GCase activity and reduced GCase substrate levels were found in the CNS of SapC-DOPS-GCase-treated nGD mice, which showed profound improvement in brain inflammation and neurological phenotypes. Interpretation This first-in-class CNS-ERT approach provides considerable promise of therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative diseases. Funding This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants R21NS 095047 to XQ and YS, R01NS 086134 and UH2NS092981 in part to YS; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Research Innovation/Pilot award to YS and XQ; Gardner Neuroscience Institute/Neurobiology Research Center Pilot award to XQ and YS, Hematology-Oncology Programmatic Support from University of Cincinnati and New Drug State Key Project grant 009ZX09102-205 to XQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Benjamin Liou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Venette Fannin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Blackwood
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yanyan Peng
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory A Grabowski
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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11
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N'Guessan KF, Patel PH, Qi X. SapC-DOPS - a Phosphatidylserine-targeted Nanovesicle for selective Cancer therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:6. [PMID: 31918715 PMCID: PMC6950924 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kombo F N'Guessan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Priyankaben H Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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12
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Ghosh Roy S. TAM receptors: A phosphatidylserine receptor family and its implications in viral infections. TAM RECEPTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020; 357:81-122. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Davis HW, Vallabhapurapu SD, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SL, Franco RS, Mierzwa M, Kassing W, Barrett WL, Qi X. Enhanced phosphatidylserine-selective cancer therapy with irradiation and SapC-DOPS nanovesicles. Oncotarget 2019; 10:856-868. [PMID: 30783515 PMCID: PMC6368238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal living cells exhibit phosphatidylserine (PS) primarily within the intracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane. In contrast, viable cancer cells have high levels of PS on the external surface, and exhibit a broad range of surface PS, even within specific types of cancer. Agents that target surface PS have recently been developed to treat tumors and are expected to be more effective with higher surface PS levels. In this context, we examined whether surface PS is increased with irradiation. In vitro irradiation of cancer cell lines selected surviving cells that had higher surface PS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This was more pronounced if surface PS was initially in the lower range for cancer cells. Radiation also increased the surface PS of tumor cells in subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. We found an inverse relationship between steady state surface PS level of cancer cell lines and their sensitivity to radiation-induced cell death. In addition, serial irradiation, which selected surviving cells with higher surface PS, also increased resistance to radiation and to some chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting a PS-dependent mechanism for development of resistance to therapy. On the other hand, fractionated radiation enhanced the effect of a novel anti-cancer, PS-targeting drug, SapC-DOPS, in some cancer cell lines. Our data suggest that we can group cancer cells into cells with low surface PS, which are sensitive to radiation, and high surface PS, which are sensitive to SapC-DOPS. Combination of these interventions may provide a potential new combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Swarajya L Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William Kassing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William L Barrett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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14
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Sharma B, Kanwar SS. Phosphatidylserine: A cancer cell targeting biomarker. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Harris M, Svensson F, Kopanitsa L, Ladds G, Bailey D. Emerging patents in the therapeutic areas of glioma and glioblastoma. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:573-590. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1494155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fredrik Svensson
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK
| | - Liliya Kopanitsa
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Bailey
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK
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16
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Unruh D, Ünlü B, Lewis CS, Qi X, Chu Z, Sturm R, Keil R, Ahmad SA, Sovershaev T, Adam M, Van Dreden P, Woodhams BJ, Ramchandani D, Weber GF, Rak JW, Wolberg AS, Mackman N, Versteeg HH, Bogdanov VY. Antibody-based targeting of alternatively spliced tissue factor: a new approach to impede the primary growth and spread of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25264-75. [PMID: 26967388 PMCID: PMC5041902 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternatively spliced Tissue Factor (asTF) is a secreted form of Tissue Factor (TF), the trigger of blood coagulation whose expression levels are heightened in several forms of solid cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). asTF binds to β1 integrins on PDAC cells, whereby it promotes tumor growth, metastatic spread, and monocyte recruitment to the stroma. In this study, we determined if targeting asTF in PDAC would significantly impact tumor progression. We here report that a novel inhibitory anti-asTF monoclonal antibody curtails experimental PDAC progression. Moreover, we show that tumor-derived asTF is able to promote PDAC primary growth and spread during early as well as later stages of the disease. This raises the likelihood that asTF may comprise a viable target in early- and late-stage PDAC. In addition, we show that TF expressed by host cells plays a significant role in PDAC spread. Together, our data demonstrate that targeting asTF in PDAC is a novel strategy to stem PDAC progression and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Betül Ünlü
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clayton S Lewis
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert Sturm
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Keil
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Georg F Weber
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Janusz W Rak
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Blanco VM, Chu Z, LaSance K, Gray BD, Pak KY, Rider T, Greis KD, Qi X. Optical and nuclear imaging of glioblastoma with phosphatidylserine-targeted nanovesicles. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32866-75. [PMID: 27096954 PMCID: PMC5078058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal tumor imaging with targeted nanoparticles potentially offers both enhanced specificity and sensitivity, leading to more precise cancer diagnosis and monitoring. We describe the synthesis and characterization of phenol-substituted, lipophilic orange and far-red fluorescent dyes and a simple radioiodination procedure to generate a dual (optical and nuclear) imaging probe. MALDI-ToF analyses revealed high iodination efficiency of the lipophilic reporters, achieved by electrophilic aromatic substitution using the chloramide 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3α,6α-diphenyl glycoluril (Iodogen) as the oxidizing agent in an organic/aqueous co-solvent mixture. Upon conjugation of iodine-127 or iodine-124-labeled reporters to tumor-targeting SapC-DOPS nanovesicles, optical (fluorescent) and PET imaging was performed in mice bearing intracranial glioblastomas. In addition, tumor vs non-tumor (normal brain) uptake was compared using iodine-125. These data provide proof-of-principle for the potential value of SapC-DOPS for multimodal imaging of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Kathleen LaSance
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, USA
| | - Koon Yan Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, USA
| | - Therese Rider
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Kenneth D Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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18
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De M, Ghosh S, Sen T, Shadab M, Banerjee I, Basu S, Ali N. A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer Using Phosphatidylserine Targeting Stearylamine-Bearing Cationic Liposomes. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:9-27. [PMID: 29499959 PMCID: PMC5723379 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for a ubiquitously expressed antigen or receptor on the tumor surface for successful mitigation of the deleterious side effects of chemotherapy. Phosphatidylserine (PS), normally constrained to the intracellular surface, is exposed on the external surface of tumors and most tumorigenic cell lines. Here we report that a novel PS-targeting liposome, phosphatidylcholine-stearylamine (PC-SA), induced apoptosis and showed potent anticancer effects as a single agent against a majority of cancer cell lines. We experimentally proved that this was due to a strong affinity for and direct interaction of these liposomes with PS. Complexation of the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and camptothecin in these vesicles demonstrated a manyfold enhancement in the efficacies of the drugs both in vitro and across three advanced tumor models without any signs of toxicity. Both free and drug-loaded liposomes were maximally confined to the tumor site with low tissue concentration. These data indicate that PC-SA is a unique and promising liposome that, alone and as a combination therapy, has anticancer potential across a wide range of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjarika De
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sneha Ghosh
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Triparna Sen
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Shadab
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Basu
- Department of Oncology, ESI Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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19
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Odiba A, Ottah V, Ottah C, Anunobi O, Ukegbu C, Edeke A, Uroko R, Omeje K. Therapeutic nanomedicine surmounts the limitations of pharmacotherapy. Open Med (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractScience always strives to find an improved way of doing things and nanoscience is one such approach. Nanomaterials are suitable for pharmaceutical applications mostly because of their size which facilitates absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the nanoparticles. Whether labile or insoluble nanoparticles, their cytotoxic effect on malignant cells has moved the use of nanomedicine into focus. Since nanomedicine can be described as the science and technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases towards ultimately improving human health, a lot of nanotechnology options have received approval by various regulatory agencies. Nanodrugs also have been discovered to be more precise in targeting the desired site, hence maximizing the therapeutic effects, while minimizing side-effects on the rest of the body. This unique property and more has made nanomedicine popular in therapeutic medicine employing nanotechnology in genetic therapy, drug encapsulation, enzyme manipulation and control, tissue engineering, target drug delivery, pharmacogenomics, stem cell and cloning, and even virus-based hybrids. This review highlights nanoproducts that are in development and have gained approval through one clinical trial stage or the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arome Odiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Ottah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Comfort Ottah
- 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu Anunobi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Chimere Ukegbu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Affiong Edeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Robert Uroko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Omeje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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20
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Ayesa U, Gray BD, Pak KY, Chong PLG. Liposomes Containing Lipid-Soluble Zn(II)-Bis-dipicolylamine Derivatives Show Potential To Be Targeted to Phosphatidylserine on the Surface of Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:147-156. [PMID: 28043132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we used a lipid-soluble Zn(II)-bis-dipicolylamine derivative as a membrane component to develop liposomal carriers that have potential to be targeted to phosphatidylserine (PS) rich surfaces on cancer cells and to preferentially kill cancer cells without using anticancer drugs. This DPA derivative (abbreviated as DPA-Cy3[22,22]) contains the fluorophore cyanine 3 (Cy3) and two 22-carbon chains that can be anchored into liposomal membrane bilayers. DPA-Cy3[22,22]/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) unilamellar vesicles (∼150 nm) showed selective binding to PS-containing liposomes as demonstrated by anion exchange chromatography. This binding does not result in vesicle fusion or aggregation. Flow cytometry showed that DPA-Cy3[22,22]/POPC liposomes have preferential binding to MCF-7 breast cancer cells over MCF-12A noncancer cells due to 3-7 times more PS exposures on MCF-7. The extent of liposome binding with MCF-7 cells was increased by two times after cells were pretreated with the apoptotic inducer camptothecin, which increased PS exposure to the cell surface. Moreover, our flow cytometry data also suggest that local cell membrane perturbations may occur upon liposome binding and internalization. This implies that DPA-Cy3[22,22]/POPC liposomes alone may have a PS-dependent cytotoxic effect. This assertion was supported by the cell proliferation assay, which showed that 9.1 mol % DPA-Cy3[22,22]/POPC liposomes exert cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells 3.5 times higher than that on MCF-12A cells. These results indicate that DPA-Cy3[22,22]-containing liposomes hold great promise as efficient nano drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Ayesa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc. , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc. , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Parkson Lee-Gau Chong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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21
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Vallabhapurapu SD, Blanco VM, Sulaiman MK, Vallabhapurapu SL, Chu Z, Franco RS, Qi X. Variation in human cancer cell external phosphatidylserine is regulated by flippase activity and intracellular calcium. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34375-88. [PMID: 26462157 PMCID: PMC4741459 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viable cancer cells expose elevated levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the exoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms leading to elevated PS exposure in viable cancer cells have not been defined. We previously showed that externalized PS may be used to monitor, target and kill tumor cells. In addition, PS on tumor cells is recognized by macrophages and has implications in antitumor immunity. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular details of PS exposure on cancer cells in order to improve therapeutic targeting. Here we explored the mechanisms regulating the surface PS exposure in human cancer cells and found that differential flippase activity and intracellular calcium are the major regulators of surface PS exposure in viable human cancer cells. In general, cancer cell lines with high surface PS exhibited low flippase activity and high intracellular calcium, whereas cancer cells with low surface PS exhibited high flippase activity and low intracellular calcium. High surface PS cancer cells also had higher total cellular PS than low surface PS cells. Together, our results indicate that the amount of external PS in cancer cells is regulated by calcium dependent flippase activity and may also be influenced by total cellular PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Víctor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahaboob K Sulaiman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Swarajya Lakshmi Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Divison of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Divison of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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22
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Nanoparticles for Targeting Intratumoral Hypoxia: Exploiting a Potential Weakness of Glioblastoma. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2059-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Davis HW, Hussain N, Qi X. Detection of cancer cells using SapC-DOPS nanovesicles. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:33. [PMID: 27160923 PMCID: PMC4862232 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells express high levels of phosphatidylserine on the extracellular leaflet of their cell membrane. Exploiting this characteristic, our lab developed a therapeutic agent that consists of the fusogenic protein, saposin C (SapC) which is embedded in dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) vesicles. These nanovesicles selectively target cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Here we review the data supporting use of SapC-DOPS to locate tumors for surgical resection or for treatment. In addition, there is important evidence suggesting that SapC-DOPS may also prove to be an effective novel cancer therapeutic reagent. Given that SapC-DOPS is easily labeled with lipophilic dyes, it has been combined with the far-red fluorescent dye, CellVue Maroon (CVM), for tumor targeting studies. We also have used contrast agents incorporated in the SapC-DOPS nanovesicles for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and review that data here. Administered intravenously, the fluorescently labeled SapC-DOPS traversed the blood–brain tumor barrier enabling identification of brain tumors. SapC-DOPS-CVM also detected a variety of other mouse tumors in vivo, rendering them observable by optical imaging using IVIS and multi-angle rotational optical imaging. Dye is detected within 30 min and remains within tumor for at least 7 days, whereas non-tumor tissues were unstained (some dye observed in the liver was transient, likely representing degradation products). Additionally, labeled SapC-DOPS ex vivo delineated tumors in human histological specimens. SapC-DOPS can also be labeled with contrast reagents for computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In conclusion, labeled SapC-DOPS provides a convenient, specific, and nontoxic method for detecting tumors while concurrently offering a therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, 3512 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0508, USA
| | - Nida Hussain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, 3512 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0508, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, 3512 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0508, USA. .,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Zhao S, Chu Z, Blanco VM, Nie Y, Hou Y, Qi X. SapC-DOPS nanovesicles as targeted therapy for lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:491-8. [PMID: 25670331 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women. In this study, we evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a biotherapeutic agent composed of a lysosomal protein (Saposin C, SapC) and a phospholipid (dioleoylphosphatidylserine, DOPS), which can be assembled into nanovesicles (SapC-DOPS) with selective antitumor activity. SapC-DOPS targets phosphatidylserine, an anionic phospholipid preferentially exposed in the surface of cancer cells and tumor-associated vasculature. Because binding of SapC to phosphatidylserine is favored at acidic pHs, and the latter characterizes the milieu of many solid tumors, we tested the effect of pH on the binding capacity of SapC-DOPS to lung tumor cells. Results showed that SapC-DOPS binding to cancer cells was more pronounced at low pH. Viability assays on a panel of human lung tumor cells showed that SapC-DOPS cytotoxicity was positively correlated with cell surface phosphatidylserine levels, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential measurements were consistent with apoptosis-related cell death. Using a fluorescence tracking method in live mice, we show that SapC-DOPS specifically targets human lung cancer xenografts, and that systemic therapy with SapC-DOPS induces tumor apoptosis and significantly inhibits tumor growth. These results suggest that SapC-DOPS nanovesicles are a promising treatment option for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Victor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yunzhong Nie
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Wojton J, Meisen WH, Jacob NK, Thorne AH, Hardcastle J, Denton N, Chu Z, Dmitrieva N, Marsh R, Van Meir EG, Kwon CH, Chakravarti A, Qi X, Kaur B. SapC-DOPS-induced lysosomal cell death synergizes with TMZ in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9703-9. [PMID: 25210852 PMCID: PMC4259431 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SapC-DOPS is a novel nanotherapeutic that has been shown to target and induce cell death in a variety of cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). GBM is a primary brain tumor known to frequently demonstrate resistance to apoptosis-inducing therapeutics. Here we explore the mode of action for SapC-DOPS in GBM, a treatment being developed by Bexion Pharmaceuticals for clinical testing in patients. SapC-DOPS treatment was observed to induce lysosomal dysfunction of GBM cells characterized by decreased glycosylation of LAMP1 and altered proteolytic processing of cathepsin D independent of apoptosis and autophagic cell death. We observed that SapC-DOPS induced lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) as shown by LysoTracker Red and Acridine Orange staining along with an increase of sphingosine, a known inducer of LMP. Additionally, SapC-DOPS displayed strong synergistic interactions with the apoptosis-inducing agent TMZ. Collectively our data suggest that SapC-DOPS induces lysosomal cell death in GBM cells, providing a new approach for treating tumors resistant to traditional apoptosis-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wojton
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Walter Hans Meisen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Naduparambil K Jacob
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy Haseley Thorne
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jayson Hardcastle
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nicholas Denton
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nina Dmitrieva
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer, Winship Cancer Institute and School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chang-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH. Solid-Tumor Program at the James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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26
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Imaging and Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer with Phosphatidylserine-Targeted Nanovesicles. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:196-203. [PMID: 26055177 PMCID: PMC4486738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most intractable cancers, with a dismal prognosis reflected by a 5-year survival of ~6%. Since early disease symptoms are undefined and specific biomarkers are lacking, about 80% of patients present with advanced, inoperable tumors that represent a daunting challenge. Despite many clinical trials, no single chemotherapy agent has been reliably associated with objective response rates above 10% or median survival longer than 5 to 7 months. Although combination chemotherapy regimens have in recent years provided some improvement, overall survival (8-11 months) remains very poor. There is therefore a critical need for novel therapies that can improve outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients. Here, we present a summary of the current therapies used in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer and review novel therapeutic strategies that target tumor biomarkers. We also describe our recent research using phosphatidylserine-targeted saposin C-coupled dioleoylphosphatidylserine nanovesicles for imaging and therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Blanco VM, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SD, Sulaiman MK, Kendler A, Rixe O, Warnick RE, Franco RS, Qi X. Phosphatidylserine-selective targeting and anticancer effects of SapC-DOPS nanovesicles on brain tumors. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7105-18. [PMID: 25051370 PMCID: PMC4196187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, either primary (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme) or secondary (metastatic), remain among the most intractable and fatal of all cancers. We have shown that nanovesicles consisting of Saposin C (SapC) and dioleylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) are able to effectively target and kill cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These actions are a consequence of the affinity of SapC-DOPS for phosphatidylserine, an acidic phospholipid abundantly present in the outer membrane of a variety of tumor cells and tumor-associated vasculature. In this study, we first characterize SapC-DOPS bioavailability and antitumor effects on human glioblastoma xenografts, and confirm SapC-DOPS specificity towards phosphatidylserine by showing that glioblastoma targeting is abrogated after in vivo exposure to lactadherin, which binds phosphatidylserine with high affinity. Second, we demonstrate that SapC-DOPS selectively targets brain metastases-forming cancer cells both in vitro, in co-cultures with human astrocytes, and in vivo, in mouse models of brain metastases derived from human breast or lung cancer cells. Third, we demonstrate that SapC-DOPS nanovesicles have cytotoxic activity against metastatic breast cancer cells in vitro, and prolong the survival of mice harboring brain metastases. Taken together, these results support the potential of SapC-DOPS for the diagnosis and therapy of primary and metastatic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mahaboob K Sulaiman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Olivier Rixe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Regents University, GRU Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ronald E Warnick
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati Brain Tumor Center, and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Sulaiman MK, Chu Z, Blanco VM, Vallabhapurapu SD, Franco RS, Qi X. SapC-DOPS nanovesicles induce Smac- and Bax-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial activation in neuroblastomas. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:78. [PMID: 25889084 PMCID: PMC4397704 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High toxicity, morbidity and secondary malignancy render chemotherapy of neuroblastoma inefficient, prompting the search for novel compounds. Nanovesicles offer great promise in imaging and treatment of cancer. SapC-DOPS, a stable nanovesicle formed from the lysosomal protein saposin C and dioleoylphosphatidylserine possess strong affinity for abundantly exposed surface phosphatidylserine on cancer cells. Here, we show that SapC-DOPS effectively targets and suppresses neuroblastoma growth and elucidate the molecular mechanism of SapC-DOPS action in neuroblastoma in vitro. METHODS In vivo targeting of neuroblastoma was assessed in xenograft mice injected intravenously with fluorescently-labeled SapC-DOPS. Xenografted tumors were also used to demonstrate its therapeutic efficacy. Apoptosis induction in vivo was evaluated in tumor sections using the TUNEL assay. The mechanisms underlying the induction of apoptosis by SapC-DOPS were addressed through measurements of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), flow cytometric DNA fragmentation assays and by immunoblot analysis of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), Bax, Cytochrome c (Cyto c) and Caspase-3 in the cytosol or in mitochondrial fractions of cultured neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS SapC-DOPS showed specific targeting and prevented the growth of human neuroblastoma xenografts in mice. In neuroblastoma cells in vitro, apoptosis occurred via a series of steps that included: (1) loss of ΔΨM and increased mitochondrial superoxide formation; (2) cytosolic release of Smac, Cyto c, AIF; and (3) mitochondrial translocation and polymerization of Bax. ShRNA-mediated Smac knockdown and V5 peptide-mediated Bax inhibition decreased cytosolic Smac and Cyto c release along with caspase activation and abrogated apoptosis, indicating that Smac and Bax are critical mediators of SapC-DOPS action. Similarly, pretreatment with the mitochondria-stabilizing agent bongkrekic acid decreased apoptosis indicating that loss of ΔΨM is critical for SapC-DOPS activity. Apoptosis induction was not critically dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Cyclophilin D, since pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine and cyclosporine A, respectively, did not prevent Smac or Cyto c release. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that SapC-DOPS acts through a mitochondria-mediated pathway accompanied by an early release of Smac and Bax. Specific tumor-targeting capacity and anticancer efficacy of SapC-DOPS supports its potential as a dual imaging and therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaboob K Sulaiman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Victor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Blanco VM, Curry R, Qi X. SapC-DOPS nanovesicles: a novel targeted agent for the imaging and treatment of glioblastoma. Oncoscience 2015; 2:102-110. [PMID: 25859553 PMCID: PMC4381703 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as grade IV astrocytoma, GBMs are extremely aggressive, almost always recur, and despite our best efforts, remain incurable. This review describes the traditional treatment approaches that led to moderate successes in GBM patients, discusses standard imaging modalities, and presents data supporting the use of SapC-DOPS, a novel proteoliposomal formulation with tumoricidal activity, as a promising diagnostic imaging tool and an innovative anti-cancer agent against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Curry
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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30
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Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1960s, liposomes have been studied in depth, and they continue to constitute a field of intense research. Liposomes are valued for their biological and technological advantages, and are considered to be the most successful drug-carrier system known to date. Notable progress has been made, and several biomedical applications of liposomes are either in clinical trials, are about to be put on the market, or have already been approved for public use. In this review, we briefly analyze how the efficacy of liposomes depends on the nature of their components and their size, surface charge, and lipidic organization. Moreover, we discuss the influence of the physicochemical properties of liposomes on their interaction with cells, half-life, ability to enter tissues, and final fate in vivo. Finally, we describe some strategies developed to overcome limitations of the “first-generation” liposomes, and liposome-based drugs on the market and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Bozzuto
- Chemical Methodology Institute, CNR, Rome, Italy ; Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Molinari
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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31
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Winter P. Molecular Imaging at Nanoscale with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Winter PM, Pearce J, Chu Z, McPherson CM, Takigiku R, Lee JH, Qi X. Imaging of brain tumors with paramagnetic vesicles targeted to phosphatidylserine. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:1079-87. [PMID: 24797437 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate paramagnetic saposin C and dioleylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS) vesicles as a targeted contrast agent for imaging phosphatidylserine (PS) expressed by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles were formulated, and the vesicle diameter and relaxivity were measured. Targeting of Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo was compared with nontargeted paramagnetic vesicles (lacking SapC). Mice with GBM brain tumors were imaged at 3, 10, 20, and 24 h postinjection to measure the relaxation rate (R1) in the tumor and the normal brain. RESULTS The mean diameter of vesicles was 175 nm, and the relaxivity at 7 Tesla was 3.32 (s*mM)(-1) relative to the gadolinium concentration. Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles targeted cultured cancer cells, leading to an increased R1 and gadolinium level in the cells. In vivo, Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles produced a 9% increase in the R1 of GBM brain tumors in mice 10 h postinjection, but only minimal changes (1.2% increase) in the normal brain. Nontargeted paramagnetic vesicles yielded minimal change in the tumor R1 at 10 h postinjection (1.3%). CONCLUSION These experiments demonstrate that Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles can selectively target implanted brain tumors in vivo, providing noninvasive mapping of the cancer biomarker PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Winter
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Chu Z, LaSance K, Blanco V, Kwon CH, Kaur B, Frederick M, Thornton S, Lemen L, Qi X. In vivo optical imaging of brain tumors and arthritis using fluorescent SapC-DOPS nanovesicles. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24837630 PMCID: PMC4120271 DOI: 10.3791/51187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a multi-angle rotational optical imaging (MAROI) system for in vivo monitoring of physiopathological processes labeled with a fluorescent marker. Mouse models (brain tumor and arthritis) were used to evaluate the usefulness of this method. Saposin C (SapC)-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) nanovesicles tagged with CellVue Maroon (CVM) fluorophore were administered intravenously. Animals were then placed in the rotational holder (MARS) of the in vivo imaging system. Images were acquired in 10° steps over 380°. A rectangular region of interest (ROI) was placed across the full image width at the model disease site. Within the ROI, and for every image, mean fluorescence intensity was computed after background subtraction. In the mouse models studied, the labeled nanovesicles were taken up in both the orthotopic and transgenic brain tumors, and in the arthritic sites (toes and ankles). Curve analysis of the multi angle image ROIs determined the angle with the highest signal. Thus, the optimal angle for imaging each disease site was characterized. The MAROI method applied to imaging of fluorescent compounds is a noninvasive, economical, and precise tool for in vivo quantitative analysis of the disease states in the described mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Kathleen LaSance
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Victor Blanco
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Chang-Hyuk Kwon
- Solid Tumor Biology Program, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center; Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Solid Tumor Biology Program, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center; Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center
| | - Malinda Frederick
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Lisa Lemen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine;
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Olowokure O, Qi X. Pancreatic cancer: current standards, working towards a new therapeutic approach. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:495-7. [PMID: 24621210 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.895937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths with a 5-year survival of 4-6%. Clinical challenges remain to be addressed, since few promising approaches to treat pancreatic cancer have been reported. Here we discuss the potential of a new biotherapeutic agent composed of a lysosomal protein (Saposin C, SapC) and an acidic phospholipid (dioleoylphosphatidylserine, DOPS) which can be assembled into stable nanovesicles (SapC-DOPS) for tackling pancreatic cancer. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a lipid biomarker on membrane surface of pancreatic cancer cells and can be effectively targeted by SapC-DOPS nanovesicles for cancer-selective therapy. SapC-DOPS nanovesicles have shown excellent pre-clinical therapeutic and safety profiles. Safety profiles which suggests that this new approach is potentially a viable option for pancreatic cancer therapy that is worthy of further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga Olowokure
- University of Cincinnati - Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine, The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0508, USA
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Chu Z, Abu-Baker S, Palascak MB, Ahmad SA, Franco RS, Qi X. Targeting and cytotoxicity of SapC-DOPS nanovesicles in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75507. [PMID: 24124494 PMCID: PMC3790873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a small number of promising drugs target pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths with a 5-year survival of less than 5%. Our goal is to develop a new biotherapeutic agent in which a lysosomal protein (saposin C, SapC) and a phospholipid (dioleoylphosphatidylserine, DOPS) are assembled into nanovesicles (SapC-DOPS) for treating pancreatic cancer. A distinguishing feature of SapC-DOPS nanovesicles is their high affinity for phosphatidylserine (PS) rich microdomains, which are abnormally exposed on the membrane surface of human pancreatic tumor cells. To evaluate the role of external cell PS, in vitro assays were used to correlate PS exposure and the cytotoxic effect of SapC-DOPS in human tumor and nontumorigenic pancreatic cells. Next, pancreatic tumor xenografts (orthotopic and subcutaneous models) were used for tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy studies with systemic SapC-DOPS treatment. We observed that the nanovesicles selectively killed human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro by inducing apoptotic death, whereas untransformed cells remained unaffected. This in vitro cytotoxic effect correlated to the surface exposure level of PS on the tumor cells. Using xenografts, animals treated with SapC-DOPS showed clear survival benefits and their tumors shrank or disappeared. Furthermore, using a double-tracking method in live mice, we showed that the nanovesicles were specifically targeted to orthotopically-implanted, bioluminescent pancreatic tumors. These data suggest that the acidic phospholipid PS is a biomarker for pancreatic cancer that can be effectively targeted for therapy utilizing cancer-selective SapC-DOPS nanovesicles. This study provides convincing evidence in support of developing a new therapeutic approach to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shadi Abu-Baker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary B. Palascak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Syed A. Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Franco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Unruh D, Turner K, Srinivasan R, Kocatürk B, Qi X, Chu Z, Aronow BJ, Plas DR, Gallo CA, Kalthoff H, Kirchhofer D, Ruf W, Ahmad SA, Lucas FV, Versteeg HH, Bogdanov VY. Alternatively spliced tissue factor contributes to tumor spread and activation of coagulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:9-20. [PMID: 23754313 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alternatively spliced tissue factor (asTF) promotes neovascularization and monocyte recruitment via integrin ligation. While asTF mRNA has been detected in some pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines and increased asTF expression can promote PDAC growth in a subcutaneous model, the expression of asTF protein in bona fide PDAC lesions and/or its role in metastatic spread are yet to be ascertained. We here report that asTF protein is abundant in lesional and stromal compartments of the five studied types of carcinoma including PDAC. Analysis of 29 specimens of PDAC revealed detectable asTF in >90% of the lesions with a range of staining intensities. asTF levels in PDAC lesions positively correlated with the degree of monocyte infiltration. In an orthotopic model, asTF-overexpressing high-grade PDAC cell line Pt45P1/asTF+ produced metastases to distal lymph nodes, which stained positive for asTF. PDAC cells stimulated with and/or overexpressing asTF exhibited upregulation of genes implicated in PDAC progression and metastatic spread. Pt45P1/asTF+ cells displayed higher coagulant activity compared to Pt45P1 cells; the same effect was observed for cell-derived microparticles (MPs). Our findings demonstrate that asTF is expressed in PDAC and lymph node metastases and potentiates PDAC spread in vivo. asTF elicits global changes in gene expression likely involved in tumor progression and metastatic dissemination, and it also enhances the procoagulant potential of PDAC cells and cell-derived MPs. Thus, asTF may comprise a novel therapeutic target to treat PDAC and, possibly, its thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A review of the innovative role molecular imaging plays in musculoskeletal radiology is provided. Musculoskeletal molecular imaging is under development in four key areas: imaging the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, imaging of molecular and cellular biomarkers of arthritic joint destruction, cellular imaging of osteomyelitis, and imaging generators of musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION Together, these applications suggest that next-generation musculoskeletal radiology will facilitate quantitative visualization of molecular and cellular biomarkers, an advancement that appeared futuristic just a decade ago.
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Wojton J, Chu Z, Mathsyaraja H, Meisen WH, Denton N, Kwon CH, Chow LM, Palascak M, Franco R, Bourdeau T, Thornton S, Ostrowski MC, Kaur B, Qi X. Systemic delivery of SapC-DOPS has antiangiogenic and antitumor effects against glioblastoma. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1517-25. [PMID: 23732993 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS) nanovesicles are a nanotherapeutic which effectively target and destroy cancer cells. Here, we explore the systemic use of SapC-DOPS in several models of brain cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and the molecular mechanism behind its tumor-selective targeting specificity. Using two validated spontaneous brain tumor models, we demonstrate the ability of SapC-DOPS to selectively and effectively cross the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) to target brain tumors in vivo and reveal the targeting to be contingent on the exposure of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Increased cell surface expression of PtdSer levels was found to correlate with SapC-DOPS-induced killing efficacy, and tumor targeting in vivo was inhibited by blocking PtdSer exposed on cells. Apart from cancer cell killing, SapC-DOPS also exerted a strong antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, unlike traditional chemotherapy, hypoxic cells were sensitized to SapC-DOPS-mediated killing. This study emphasizes the importance of PtdSer exposure for SapC-DOPS targeting and supports the further development of SapC-DOPS as a novel antitumor and antiangiogenic agent for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wojton
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Recent trends in multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:705265. [PMID: 23533772 PMCID: PMC3606784 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are delivery systems that have been used to formulate a vast variety of therapeutic and imaging agents for the past several decades. They have significant advantages over their free forms in terms of pharmacokinetics, sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. The multifactorial nature of cancer and the complex physiology of the tumor microenvironment require the development of multifunctional nanocarriers. Multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers should combine long blood circulation to improve pharmacokinetics of the loaded agent and selective distribution to the tumor lesion relative to healthy tissues, remote-controlled or tumor stimuli-sensitive extravasation from blood at the tumor's vicinity, internalization motifs to move from tumor bounds and/or tumor intercellular space to the cytoplasm of cancer cells for effective tumor cell killing. This review will focus on current strategies used for cancer detection and therapy using liposomes with special attention to combination therapies.
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Etheridge ML, Campbell SA, Erdman AG, Haynes CL, Wolf SM, McCullough J. The big picture on nanomedicine: the state of investigational and approved nanomedicine products. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:1-14. [PMID: 22684017 PMCID: PMC4467093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developments in nanomedicine are expected to provide solutions to many of modern medicine's unsolved problems, so it is no surprise that the literature contains many articles discussing the subject. However, existing reviews tend to focus on specific sectors of nanomedicine or to take a very forward-looking stance and fail to provide a complete perspective on the current landscape. This article provides a more comprehensive and contemporary inventory of nanomedicine products. A keyword search of literature, clinical trial registries, and the Web yielded 247 nanomedicine products that are approved or in various stages of clinical study. Specific information on each was gathered, so the overall field could be described based on various dimensions, including FDA classification, approval status, nanoscale size, treated condition, nanostructure, and others. In addition to documenting the many nanomedicine products already in use in humans, this study identifies several interesting trends forecasting the future of nanomedicine. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this one of a kind review, the state of nanomedicine commercialization is discussed, concentrating only on nanomedicine-based developments and products that are either in clinical trials or have already been approved for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Etheridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Qi X, Flick MJ, Frederick M, Chu Z, Mason R, DeLay M, Thornton S. Saposin C coupled lipid nanovesicles specifically target arthritic mouse joints for optical imaging of disease severity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33966. [PMID: 22470501 PMCID: PMC3314692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% of the population and is characterized by cartilage and bone destruction ultimately leading to loss of joint function. Early detection and intervention of disease provides the best hope for successful treatment and preservation of joint mobility and function. Reliable and non-invasive techniques that accurately measure arthritic disease onset and progression are lacking. We recently developed a novel agent, SapC-DOPS, which is composed of the membrane-associated lysosomal protein saposin C (SapC) incorporated into 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS) lipid nanovesicles. SapC-DOPS has a high fusogenic affinity for phosphatidylserine-enriched microdomains on surfaces of target cell membranes. Incorporation of a far-red fluorophore, CellVue Maroon (CVM), into the nanovesicles allows for in vivo non-invasive visualization of the agent in targeted tissue. Given that phosphatidylserine is present only on the inner leaflet of healthy plasma membranes but is “flipped” to the outer leaflet upon cell damage, we hypothesized that SapC-DOPS would target tissue damage associated with inflammatory arthritis due to local surface-exposure of phosphatidylserine. Optical imaging with SapC-DOPS-CVM in two distinct models of arthritis, serum-transfer arthritis (e.g., K/BxN) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) revealed robust SapC-DOPS-CVM specific localization to arthritic paws and joints in live animals. Importantly, intensity of localized fluorescent signal correlated with macroscopic arthritic disease severity and increased with disease progression. Flow cytometry of cells extracted from arthritic joints demonstrated that SapC-DOPS-CVM localized to an average of 7–8% of total joint cells and primarily to CD11b+Gr-1+ cells. Results from the current studies strongly support the application of SapC-DOPS-CVM for advanced clinical and research applications including: detecting early arthritis onset, assessing disease progression real-time in live subjects, and providing novel information regarding cell types that may mediate arthritis progression within joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Malinda Frederick
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel Mason
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Monica DeLay
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kaimal V, Chu Z, Mahller YY, Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg B, Cripe TP, Holland SK, Qi X. Saposin C coupled lipid nanovesicles enable cancer-selective optical and magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 13:886-97. [PMID: 20838909 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanovesicles composed of the phospholipid dioleylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) and a fusogenic protein, saposin C (SapC), selectively target and induce apoptotic cell death in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We tested whether such tumor-homing nanovesicles are capable of delivering fluorescent probes and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents to cancerous tissue to aid in earlier detection and improve visualization. PROCEDURES SapC-DOPS nanovesicles labeled with either a far-red fluorescent probe (CellVue® Maroon, CVM) or conjugated with a dextran coated MR contrast agent, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), were systemically administrated into xenografts for tumor detection using optical and MR imaging systems. RESULTS SapC-DOPS nanovesicles were effectively detected in vivo in tumor-bearing animals using both optical and MR imaging techniques, thereby demonstrating the cancer-selective properties of these nanovesicles. CONCLUSIONS SapC-DOPS nanovesicles offer promise as a new and robust theranostic agent for broad cancer-selective detection, visualization, and potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kaimal
- Biomedical Engineering, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Abu-Baker S, Chu Z, Stevens AM, Li J, Qi X. Cytotoxicity and Selectivity in Skin Cancer by SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:321-326. [PMID: 25485166 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2012.34041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma are malignant human cancers of the skin with an annual mortality that exceed 10,000 cases every year in the USA alone. In this study, the lysosomal protein saposin C (SapC) and the phospholipid dioloylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) were assembled into cancer-selective nanovesicles (SapC-DOPS) and successfully tested using several in vitro and in vivo skin cancer models. Using MTT assay that measures the percentage of cell death, SapC-DOPS cytotoxic effect on three skin tumor cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma, SK-MEL-28, and MeWo) was compared to two normal nontumorigenic skin cells lines, normal immortalized keratinocyte (NIK) and human fibroblast cell (HFC). We observed that the nanovesicles selectively killed the skin cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death whereas untransformed skin cancer cells remained unaffected. Using subcutaneous skin tumor xenografts, animals treated with SapC-DOPS by subcutaneous injection showed a 79.4 % tumor reduced compared to the control after 4 days of treatment. We observed that the nanovesicles killed skin cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death compared to the control as revealed by TUNEL staining of xenograft tumor sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Abu-Baker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH ; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ashley M Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH ; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH ; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Wu W, Wei W, Ablimit M, Ma Y, Fu T, Liu K, Peng J, Li Y, Hong H. Responses of two insect cell lines to starvation: autophagy prevents them from undergoing apoptosis and necrosis, respectively. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:723-734. [PMID: 21335011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The responses of insect cells to starvation and the characteristics of cell death after the depletion of nutrients remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in two Lepidoptera insect cell lines in response to amino acid starvation. Our data demonstrated that starvation induced a significant increase in autophagy in Spodoptera litura SL-ZSU-1 cells, and cell apoptosis followed autophagy after starvation of more than 48h. However, at an early stage of starvation, inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA rapidly triggered apoptosis of SL-ZSU-1 cells, suggesting autophagy inhibits cell apoptosis. By contrast, Bombyx mori SPC Bm36 cells died by a non-apoptotic pathway if the starvation was prolonged for more than 48 h. At the early stage of starvation, inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA did not trigger apoptosis in Bm36 cells, but resulted in necrotic-like cell death. Under starvation pressure, autophagy in SL-ZSU-1 cells was much more active than in Bm36 cells. The activity of caspase-9-like in apoptotic SL-ZSU-1 cells also was much higher than in apoptotic Bm36 cells. RT-PCR analyses revealed that transcriptional levels of saposin-like (Bm109) and Atg6 were undetectable in Bm36 cells, but expression level of saposin-like in SL-ZSU-1 was high. Expression of Atg6 in SL-ZSU-1 cells was not analyzed because its sequence was unknown. These data indicate that autophagy prevents Lepidoptera insect cells from death at an early stage of starvation, but prolonged starvation results in cell death. The pathways of cell death might be dependent on the abundance of caspase-9-like, saposin-like and Atg6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Wu
- College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Lu K, Zhao G, Lu H, Zhao S, Song Y, Qi X, Hou Y. Toll-like receptor 4 can recognize SapC-DOPS to stimulate macrophages to express several cytokines. Inflamm Res 2010; 60:153-61. [PMID: 20853174 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN SapC-DOPS is a newly combined compound consisting of saposin C and dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS). Our recent study showed that SapC-DOPS exhibits anti-tumor activity. However, SapC-DOPS has recognition elements of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4; therefore, we want to know whether SapC-DOPS can induce abnormal immunoreaction via identification TLRs. METHODS We investigated the capacity of SapC-DOPS to induce cytokines in vivo and in vitro and analyzed the involvement of TLR and NF-kB in these cytokines production. RESULTS SapC-DOPS could activate the cytokine production by peripheral macrophages, enhance the expressions of TLR4 and stimulate the NF-κB nuclear translocation. PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor, could decrease the SapC-DOPS inducible TNF-α and IL-1β production. CONCLUSIONS SapC-DOPS was similar to LPS in the immune response and may induce the production of cytokines in macrophages via the TLR4 signaling pathway and, at least in part, the alteration of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Lu
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab of Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Renaudet O, Dasgupta G, Bettahi I, Shi A, Nesburn AB, Dumy P, BenMohamed L. Linear and branched glyco-lipopeptide vaccines follow distinct cross-presentation pathways and generate different magnitudes of antitumor immunity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11216. [PMID: 20574522 PMCID: PMC2888579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyco-lipopeptides, a form of lipid-tailed glyco-peptide, are currently under intense investigation as B- and T-cell based vaccine immunotherapy for many cancers. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glyco-lipopeptides (GLPs) immunogenicity and the position of the lipid moiety on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GLPs remain to be determined. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have constructed two structural analogues of HER-2 glyco-lipopeptide (HER-GLP) by synthesizing a chimeric peptide made of one universal CD4(+) epitope (PADRE) and one HER-2 CD8(+) T-cell epitope (HER(420-429)). The C-terminal end of the resulting CD4-CD8 chimeric peptide was coupled to a tumor carbohydrate B-cell epitope, based on a regioselectively addressable functionalized templates (RAFT), made of four alpha-GalNAc molecules. The resulting HER glyco-peptide (HER-GP) was then linked to a palmitic acid moiety, attached either at the N-terminal end (linear HER-GLP-1) or in the middle between the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes (branched HER-GLP-2). We have investigated the uptake, processing and cross-presentation pathways of the two HER-GLP vaccine constructs, and assessed whether the position of linkage of the lipid moiety would affect the B- and T-cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Immunization of mice revealed that the linear HER-GLP-1 induced a stronger and longer lasting HER(420-429)-specific IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) T cell response, while the branched HER-GLP-2 induced a stronger tumor-specific IgG response. The linear HER-GLP-1 was taken up easily by dendritic cells (DCs), induced stronger DCs maturation and produced a potent TLR- 2-dependent T-cell activation. The linear and branched HER-GLP molecules appeared to follow two different cross-presentation pathways. While regression of established tumors was induced by both linear HER-GLP-1 and branched HER-GLP-2, the inhibition of tumor growth was significantly higher in HER-GLP-1 immunized mice (p<0.005). SIGNIFICANCE These findings have important implications for the development of effective GLP based immunotherapeutic strategies against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Renaudet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5250 and ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Gargi Dasgupta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ilham Bettahi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Alda Shi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony B. Nesburn
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5250 and ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Abu Lila AS, Ishida T, Kiwada H. Targeting anticancer drugs to tumor vasculature using cationic liposomes. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1171-83. [PMID: 20333455 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal drug delivery systems improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents, and the use of cationic liposomes to deliver anticancer drugs to solid tumors has recently been recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapeutics. This review summarizes the selective targeting of cationic liposomes to tumor vasculature, the merits of incorporating the polymer polyethylene-glycol (PEG), and the impact of the molar percent of the cationic lipid included in cationic liposomes on liposomal targeting efficacy. In addition, the discussion herein includes the therapeutic benefit of a dual targeting approach, using PEG-coated cationic liposomes in vascular targeting (of tumor endothelial cells), and tumor targeting (of tumor cells) of anticancer drugs. Cationic liposomes have shown considerable promise in preclinical xenograft models and are poised for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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