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Armstrong D, Chang CY, Hong MJ, Green L, Hudson W, Shen Y, Song LZ, Jammi S, Casal B, Creighton CJ, Carisey A, Zhang XHF, McKenna NJ, Kang SW, Lee HS, Corry DB, Kheradmand F. MAGE-A4-Responsive Plasma Cells Promote Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602985. [PMID: 39071307 PMCID: PMC11275715 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is critical to eliminate malignant cells, while multiple tumor-intrinsic factors can alter this protective function. Melanoma antigen-A4 (MAGE-A4), a cancer-testis antigen, is expressed in several solid tumors and correlates with poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its role in altering antitumor immunity remains unclear. We found that expression of MAGE-A4 was highly associated with the loss of PTEN , a tumor suppressor, in human NSCLC. Here we show that constitutive expression of human MAGE-A4 combined with the loss of Pten in mouse airway epithelial cells results in metastatic adenocarcinoma enriched in CD138 + CXCR4 + plasma cells, predominantly expressing IgA. Consistently, human NSCLC expressing MAGE-A4 showed increased CD138 + IgA + plasma cell density surrounding tumors. The abrogation of MAGE-A4-responsive plasma cells (MARPs) decreased tumor burden, increased T cell infiltration and activation, and reduced CD163 + CD206 + macrophages in mouse lungs. These findings suggest MAGE-A4 promotes NSCLC tumorigenesis, in part, through the recruitment and retention of IgA + MARPs in the lungs.
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Huang S, Ren L, Beck JA, Patkar S, Lillo Osuna MA, Cherukuri A, Mazcko C, Krum SA, LeBlanc AK. Comparative responses to demethylating therapy in animal models of osteosarcoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4451060. [PMID: 38946977 PMCID: PMC11213205 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4451060/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The demethylating agent decitabine (DAC) effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ESR1 methylation to restore estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling and promoting cellular differentiation in models of human osteosarcoma (OSA). Whether this pathway can be targeted in canine OSA patients is unknown. Methods Canine OSA tumor samples were tested for ERα expression and ESR1 promoter methylation. Human (MG63.3) and canine (MC-KOS) OSA cell lines and murine xenografts were treated with DAC in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Samples were assessed using mRNA sequencing and tissue immunohistochemistry. Results ESR1 is methylated in a subset of canine OSA patient samples and the MC-KOS cell line. DAC treatment led to enhanced differentiation as demonstrated by increased ALPL expression, and suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Metastatic progression was inhibited, particularly in the MG63.3 model, which expresses higher levels of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and 3B. DAC treatment induced significant alterations in immune response and cell cycle pathways. Conclusion DAC treatment activates ERα signaling, promotes bone differentiation, and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in human and canine OSA. Additional DAC-altered pathways and species- or individual-specific differences in DNMT expression may also play a role in DAC treatment of OSA.
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The Melanoma-Associated Antigen Family A (MAGE-A): A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061779. [PMID: 36980665 PMCID: PMC10046478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Early efforts to identify tumor-associated antigens over the last decade have provided unique cancer epitopes for targeted cancer therapy. MAGE-A proteins are a subclass of cancer/testis (CT) antigens that are presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules as an immune-privileged site. This is due to their restricted expression to germline cells and a wide range of cancers, where they are associated with resistance to chemotherapy, metastasis, and cancer cells with an increasing potential for survival. This makes them an appealing candidate target for designing an effective and specific immunotherapy, thereby suggesting that targeting oncogenic MAGE-As with cancer vaccination, adoptive T-cell transfer, or a combination of therapies would be promising. In this review, we summarize and discuss previous and ongoing (pre-)clinical studies that target these antigens, while bearing in mind the benefits and drawbacks of various therapeutic strategies, in order to speculate on future directions for MAGE-A-specific immunotherapies.
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Lin L, Liu X, Yu H, Deng H, Peng K, Chen J, Zhang C, Jiang T, Liu X. Inhibitory effect and related mechanism of decitabine combined with gemcitabine on proliferation of NK/T cell lymphoma cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134895. [PMID: 36937854 PMCID: PMC10014839 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: EBV-associated lymphoma is a neoplasm with a poor prognosis, highly aggressive, and progressive rapidly. There is no standard clinical treatment protocol. Decitabine and gemcitabine are known to have anticancer properties against cells of various cancer, respectively. However, the effect of the combination medication on NK/T cell lymphoma cells and potential mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Human NK/T cell lymphoma cells NK92MI were treated with decitabine and gemcitabine alone or in combination. Experiments, including the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, were performed to investigate how the combination of decitabine and gemcitabine affects the biological behavior of NK92MI cells in vitro. mRNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and western blotting were used to detect changes in the related signal pathway, mRNA, and protein expressions. Results: Decitabine and gemcitabine significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of NK92MI cells in a dose-dependent manner. The combination index was less than 1 after treating with two drugs, which was a significant synergistic effect. The decitabine concentration with the best synergistic effect was 4.046 µM, and the gemcitabine concentration was 0.005 µM. Flow cytometry showed that combining two drugs could significantly promote apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at the S phase. In the combined DAC and GEM group, caspase3 protein levels were higher than in either group alone or the control group. The transcriptome sequence, KEGG, and PPI analysis showed that the differential genes after combined treatment were mainly enriched in signal pathways related to cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration compared with using alone and control groups. Based on the sequencing results, we further investigated the role of DAC and GEM in ferroptosis-related signaling molecules using RT-PCR and Western blot techniques. RT-PCR and western blotting showed that the expression levels of HMOX1 and EBV cleavage gene BRLF1 were higher in the group with combined DAC and GEM than in the group alone and the control group, while the protein and mRNA expression levels of SLC7A11 were lower than the others. In addition, the GPX4 protein expression level in the combination group was lower than in the drug-alone and control groups. In addition, the combination treatment increased the ROS level of NK92MI cells. Conclusion: Our current findings suggested that decitabine had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of NK92MI cells when co-treated with gemcitabine. This combination may increase the expression of ferroptosis-related signaling molecules, thus inhibiting the proliferation of NK92MI cells. It also promoted apoptosis in NK/T cell lymphoma. For patients with NK/T cell lymphoma, this novel combination may provide clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanke Lin
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangqin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Huan Deng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunle Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqi Liu, ; Tao Jiang, ; Chunle Zhang,
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqi Liu, ; Tao Jiang, ; Chunle Zhang,
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqi Liu, ; Tao Jiang, ; Chunle Zhang,
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5
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Gupta R, Jit BP, Kumar S, Mittan S, Tanwer P, Ray MD, Mathur S, Perumal V, Kumar L, Rath GK, Sharma A. Leveraging epigenetics to enhance the efficacy of cancer-testis antigen: a potential candidate for immunotherapy. Epigenomics 2022; 14:865-886. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The phenotype is characterized by delayed diagnosis, recurrence and drug resistance. Inherent immunogenicity potential, oncogenic function and expression of cancer-testis/germline antigen (CTA) in ovarian cancer render them a potential candidate for immunotherapy. Revolutionary clinical findings indicate that tumor antigen-mediated T-cell and dendritic cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches provide an excellent strategy for targeting tumors. Currently, dendritic cell vaccination for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma and CTA-based T-cell receptor transduced T-cell therapy involving MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 are well documented and shown to be effective. This review highlighted the mechanical aspects of epigenetic drugs that can elicit a CTA-based humoral and cellular immune response and implicate T-cell and dendritic cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY 10467, USA
| | - Pranay Tanwer
- Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - M D Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vanamail Perumal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - G K Rath
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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6
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Galow AM, Peleg S. How to Slow down the Ticking Clock: Age-Associated Epigenetic Alterations and Related Interventions to Extend Life Span. Cells 2022; 11:468. [PMID: 35159278 PMCID: PMC8915189 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations pose one major hallmark of organismal aging. Here, we provide an overview on recent findings describing the epigenetic changes that arise during aging and in related maladies such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Specifically, we focus on alterations of histone modifications and DNA methylation and illustrate the link with metabolic pathways. Age-related epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic deregulations are highly interconnected, which renders dissociating cause and effect complicated. However, growing amounts of evidence support the notion that aging is not only accompanied by epigenetic alterations, but also at least in part induced by those. DNA methylation clocks emerged as a tool to objectively determine biological aging and turned out as a valuable source in search of factors positively and negatively impacting human life span. Moreover, specific epigenetic signatures can be used as biomarkers for age-associated disorders or even as targets for therapeutic approaches, as will be covered in this review. Finally, we summarize recent potential intervention strategies that target epigenetic mechanisms to extend healthy life span and provide an outlook on future developments in the field of longevity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Shahaf Peleg
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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7
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MAGEA4 Coated Extracellular Vesicles Are Stable and Can Be Assembled In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105208. [PMID: 34069064 PMCID: PMC8155938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are valued candidates for the development of new tools for medical applications. Vesicles carrying melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGEA) proteins, a subfamily of cancer-testis antigens, are particularly promising tools in the fight against cancer. Here, we have studied the biophysical and chemical properties of MAGEA4-EVs and show that they are stable under common storage conditions such as keeping at +4 °C and -80 °C for at least 3 weeks after purification. The MAGEA4-EVs can be freeze-thawed two times without losing MAGEA4 in detectable quantities. The attachment of MAGEA4 to the surface of EVs cannot be disrupted by high salt concentrations or chelators, but the vesicles are sensitive to high pH. The MAGEA4 protein can bind to the surface of EVs in vitro, using robust passive incubation. In addition, EVs can be loaded with recombinant proteins fused to the MAGEA4 open reading frame within the cells and also in vitro. The high stability of MAGEA4-EVs ensures their potential for the development of EV-based anti-cancer applications.
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8
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Oleksiewicz U, Machnik M. Causes, effects, and clinical implications of perturbed patterns within the cancer epigenome. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:15-35. [PMID: 33359485 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations accumulating over a patient's lifetime are well-defined causative factors that fuel carcinogenesis. It is now clear, however, that epigenomic signature is also largely perturbed in many malignancies. These alterations support the transcriptional program crucial for the acquisition and maintenance of cancer hallmarks. Epigenetic instability may arise due to the genetic mutations or transcriptional deregulation of the proteins implicated in epigenetic signaling. Moreover, external stimulation and physiological aging may also participate in this phenomenon. The epigenomic signature is frequently associated with a cell of origin, as well as with tumor stage and differentiation, which all reflect its high heterogeneity across and within various tumors. Here, we will overview the current understanding of the causes and effects of the altered and heterogeneous epigenomic landscape in cancer. We will focus mainly on DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications as the key regulatory epigenetic signaling marks. In addition, we will describe how this knowledge is translated into the clinic. We will particularly concentrate on the applicability of epigenetic alterations as biomarkers for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Finally, we will also review current developments regarding epi-drug usage in clinical and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Oleksiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Machnik
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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9
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Cable J, Greenbaum B, Pe'er D, Bollard CM, Bruni S, Griffin ME, Allison JP, Wu CJ, Subudhi SK, Mardis ER, Brentjens R, Sosman JA, Cemerski S, Zavitsanou AM, Proia T, Egeblad M, Nolan G, Goswami S, Spranger S, Mackall CL. Frontiers in cancer immunotherapy-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1489:30-47. [PMID: 33184911 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has dramatically changed the approach to cancer treatment. The aim of targeting the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells has afforded many patients the prospect of achieving deep, long-term remission and potential cures. However, many challenges remain for achieving the goal of effective immunotherapy for all cancer patients. Checkpoint inhibitors have been able to achieve long-term responses in a minority of patients, yet improving response rates with combination therapies increases the possibility of toxicity. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells have demonstrated high response rates in hematological cancers, although most patients experience relapse. In addition, some cancers are notoriously immunologically "cold" and typically are not effective targets for immunotherapy. Overcoming these obstacles will require new strategies to improve upon the efficacy of current agents, identify biomarkers to select appropriate therapies, and discover new modalities to expand the accessibility of immunotherapy to additional tumor types and patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Program for Computational Immuno-Oncology, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, New York
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sofia Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew E Griffin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University New York, New York, New York
| | - James P Allison
- Immunotherapy Platform and Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Renier Brentjens
- Department of Medicine and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffry A Sosman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Garry Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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10
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Characteristics of a Novel Target Antigen Against Myeloma Cells for Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040579. [PMID: 33023190 PMCID: PMC7712752 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of therapeutic treatments, multiple myeloma is an incurable haematological disorder. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of CXorf48 as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Based on a previously identified HLA-A*24:02-restiricted epitope from this novel cancer/testis antigen, we characterized the activities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific to this antigen against myeloma cells and evaluated the effects of demethylating agents in increasing antigen expression and enhancing the cytotoxic activity of CTLs. CXorf48 expression was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using nine myeloma cell lines. Cell lines with low CXorf48 expression were treated by demethylating agents (DMAs), 5-azacytidine (5-aza), and 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (DAC) to evaluate gene expression using quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, CXorf48-specific CTLs were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HLA-A*24:02-positive healthy donors to evaluate antigen recognition using ELISpot and 51Cr cytotoxicity assays. CXorf48 was widely expressed in myeloma cells, and gene expression was significantly increased by DMAs. Furthermore, CXorf48-specific CTLs recognized DMA-treated myeloma cells. These findings suggest that CXorf48 is a useful target for immunotherapy, such as vaccination, in combination with demethylating agents for the treatment of patients with myeloma.
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11
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Targeting the epigenetic regulation of antitumour immunity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:776-800. [PMID: 32929243 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epigenome drives aberrant transcriptional programmes that promote cancer onset and progression. Although defective gene regulation often affects oncogenic and tumour-suppressor networks, tumour immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumour responses may also be affected by epigenomic alterations. This could have important implications for the development and application of both epigenetic therapies and cancer immunotherapies, and combinations thereof. Here, we review the role of key aberrant epigenetic processes - DNA methylation and post-translational modification of histones - in tumour immunogenicity, as well as the effects of epigenetic modulation on antitumour immune cell function. We emphasize opportunities for small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic regulators to enhance antitumour immune responses, and discuss the challenges of exploiting the complex interplay between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology to develop treatment regimens combining epigenetic therapies with immunotherapies.
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12
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Leung W, Heslop HE. Adoptive Immunotherapy with Antigen-Specific T Cells Expressing a Native TCR. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 7:528-533. [PMID: 30936089 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although T cells genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors became the first immune effector product to obtain FDA approval, T-cell products that recognize their antigenic targets through their native receptors have also produced encouraging responses. For instance, T cells recognizing immunogenic viral antigens are effective when infused in immunosuppressed patients. A large number of tumor antigens are also expressed on nonviral tumors, but these antigens are less immunogenic. Many tumors can evade a transferred immune response by producing variants, which have lost the targeted antigens, or inhibitory molecules that recruit suppressive cells, impeding persistence and function of immune effectors. Nevertheless, infusion of antigen-specific T cells has been well-tolerated, and clinical responses have been consistently associated with immune activity against tumor antigens and epitope spreading. To overcome some of the obstacles mentioned above, current research is focused on defining ex vivo culture conditions that promote in vivo persistence and activity of infused antigen-specific T cells. Combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors or epigenetic modifiers to improve T-cell activity are also being evaluated in the clinic. Antigen-specific T cells may also be manufactured to overcome tumor evasion mechanisms by targeting multiple antigens and engineered to be resistant to inhibitory factors, such as TGFβ, or to produce the cytokines that are essential for T-cell expansion and sustained antitumor activity. Here, we discuss the use of T cells specific to tumor antigens through their native receptors and strategies under investigation to improve antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wingchi Leung
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
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13
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Kailayangiri S, Altvater B, Wiebel M, Jamitzky S, Rossig C. Overcoming Heterogeneity of Antigen Expression for Effective CAR T Cell Targeting of Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1075. [PMID: 32357417 PMCID: PMC7281243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene-modified T cells (CAR T cells) can eradicate B cell malignancies via recognition of surface-expressed B lineage antigens. Antigen escape remains a major mechanism of relapse and is a key barrier for expanding the use of CAR T cells towards solid cancers with their more diverse surface antigen repertoires. In this review we discuss strategies by which cancers become amenable to effective CAR T cell therapy despite heterogeneous phenotypes. Pharmaceutical approaches have been reported that selectively upregulate individual target antigens on the cancer cell surface to sensitize antigen-negative subclones for recognition by CARs. In addition, advanced T cell engineering strategies now enable CAR T cells to interact with more than a single antigen simultaneously. Still, the choice of adequate targets reliably and selectively expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells but not normal cells, ideally by driving tumor growth, is limited, and even dual or triple antigen targeting is unlikely to cure most solid tumors. Innovative receptor designs and combination strategies now aim to recruit bystander cells and alternative cytolytic mechanisms that broaden the activity of CAR-engineered T cells beyond CAR antigen-dependent tumor cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children´s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Genetically Modified T-Cell Therapy for Osteosarcoma: Into the Roaring 2020s. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1257:109-131. [PMID: 32483735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy may offer an approach to improve outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma who fail current therapies. In addition, it has the potential to reduce treatment-related complications for all patients. Generating tumor-specific T cells with conventional antigen-presenting cells ex vivo is time-consuming and often results in T-cell products with a low frequency of tumor-specific T cells. Furthermore, the generated T cells remain sensitive to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Genetic modification of T cells is one strategy to overcome these limitations. For example, T cells can be genetically modified to render them antigen specific, resistant to inhibitory factors, or increase their ability to home to tumor sites. Most genetic modification strategies have only been evaluated in preclinical models; however, early clinical phase trials are in progress. In this chapter, we will review the current status of gene-modified T-cell therapy with special focus on osteosarcoma, highlighting potential antigenic targets, preclinical and clinical studies, and strategies to improve current T-cell therapy approaches.
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15
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Hont AB, Cruz CR, Ulrey R, O'Brien B, Stanojevic M, Datar A, Albihani S, Saunders D, Hanajiri R, Panchapakesan K, Darko S, Banerjee P, Fortiz MF, Hoq F, Lang H, Wang Y, Hanley PJ, Dome JS, Bollard CM, Meany HJ. Immunotherapy of Relapsed and Refractory Solid Tumors With Ex Vivo Expanded Multi-Tumor Associated Antigen Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: A Phase I Study. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2349-2359. [PMID: 31356143 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated antigen cytotoxic T cells (TAA-Ts) represent a new, potentially effective and nontoxic therapeutic approach for patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. In this first-in-human trial, we investigated the safety of administering TAA-Ts that target Wilms tumor gene 1, preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma, and survivin to patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS TAA-T products were generated from autologous peripheral blood and infused over three dose levels: 1, 2, and 4 × 107 cells/m2. Patients were eligible for up to eight infusions administered 4 to 7 weeks apart. We assessed dose limiting toxicity during the first 45 days after infusion. Disease response was determined within the context of a phase I trial. RESULTS There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Of 15 evaluable patients, 11 (73%) with stable disease or better at day 45 postinfusion were defined as responders. Six responders remain without progression at a median of 13.9 months (range, 4.1 to 19.9 months) after initial TAA-Ts. Patients who were treated at the highest dose level showed the best clinical outcomes, with a 6-month progression-free survival of 73% after TAA-T infusion compared with a 38% 6-month progression-free survival with prior therapy. Antigen spreading and a reduction in circulating tumor-associated antigens using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction was observed in patients after TAA-T infusion. CONCLUSION TAA-Ts safely induced disease stabilization, prolonged time to progression, and were associated with antigen spreading and a reduction in circulating tumor-associated antigen DNA levels in patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors without lymphodepleting chemotherapy before infusion. TAA-Ts are a promising new treatment approach for patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Hont
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - C Russell Cruz
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Robert Ulrey
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryo Hanajiri
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | | | - Sam Darko
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Fahmida Hoq
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Haili Lang
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | | | - Catherine M Bollard
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Holly J Meany
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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16
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Toner K, Bollard CM, Dave H. T-cell therapies for T-cell lymphoma. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:935-942. [PMID: 31320195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas represent a subpopulation of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with poor outcomes when treated with conventional chemotherapy. A variety of novel agents have been introduced as new treatment strategies either as first-line treatment or in conjunction with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be a promising area for new therapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies and adoptive cellular therapeutics. T-cell therapeutics have been shown to have significant success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and are rapidly expanding as potential treatment options for other cancers including T-cell lymphomas. Although treating T-cell lymphomas with T-cell therapeutics has unique challenges, multiple targets are currently being studied both preclinically and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Toner
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hema Dave
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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17
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Strati P, Neelapu SS. Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Engineered T Cell Therapy in Lymphoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Xie K, Fu C, Wang S, Xu H, Liu S, Shao Y, Gong Z, Wu X, Xu B, Han J, Xu J, Xu P, Jia X, Wu J. Cancer-testis antigens in ovarian cancer: implication for biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:1. [PMID: 30609934 PMCID: PMC6318940 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most fatal gynecologic malignancy worldwide due to delayed diagnosis as well as recurrence and drug resistance. Thus, the development of new tumor-related molecules with high sensitivity and specificity to replace or supplement existing tools is urgently needed. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are exclusively expressed in normal testis tissues but abundantly found in several types of cancers, including ovarian cancer. Numerous novel CTAs have been identified by high-throughput sequencing techniques, and some aberrantly expressed CTAs are associated with ovarian cancer initiation, clinical outcomes and chemotherapy resistance. More importantly, CTAs are immunogenic and may be novel targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. In this review, we attempt to characterize the expression of candidate CTAs in ovarian cancer and their clinical significance as biomarkers, activation mechanisms, function in malignant phenotypes and applications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipeng Xie
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Chenyang Fu
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Suli Wang
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Hanzi Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Yang Shao
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Juan Xu
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Jiangping Wu
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.
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19
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Li S, Li B, Sun L, Li H, Lin P, Wang S, Teng W, Zhou X, Ye Z. Decitabine Enhances Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxic Effects on Osteosarcoma Cells via the NKG2DL-NKG2D Axis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1239. [PMID: 29910819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cell-based immunotherapy for osteosarcoma (OS) has shown limited success thus far. DNA-demethylating agents not only induce tumor cell death but also have an immunomodulatory function. In this study, we have assessed the potential benefit of combining decitabine (DAC, a DNA demethylation drug) and γδ T cells for OS immunotherapy. DAC increased the expression of natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) ligands (NKG2DLs), including major histocompatibility complex class I-related chains B (MICB) and UL16-binding protein 1 (ULBP1), on the OS cell surface, making the cells more sensitive to recognition and destruction by cytotoxic γδ T cells. The upregulation of MICB and ULBP1 was due to promoter DNA demethylation. Importantly, the killing of OS cells by γδ T cells was partially reversed by blocking the NKG2D receptor, suggesting that the γδ T cell-mediated cytolysis of DAC-pretreated OS cells was mainly dependent on the NKG2D-NKG2DL axis. The in vivo results were consistent with the in vitro results. In summary, DAC could upregulate MICB and ULBP1 expression in OS cells, and combination treatment involving γδ T cell immunotherapy and DAC could be used to enhance the cytotoxic killing of OS cells by γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, National Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangsiyuan Teng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Strati P, Patel S, Nastoupil L, Fanale MA, Bollard CM, Lin AY, Gordon LI. Beyond Chemotherapy: Checkpoint Inhibition and Cell-Based Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:592-603. [PMID: 30231316 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune-based treatment strategies, such as checkpoint inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have started a new frontier for treatment in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Checkpoint inhibition has been most successful in Hodgkin lymphoma, where higher expression of PD-L1 is correlated with better overall response rate. Combinations of checkpoint inhibition with various chemotherapy or biologics are in clinical trials, with initially promising results and manageable safety profiles. CAR T-cell therapies that target CD19 are a promising and attractive therapy for B-cell NHLs, with a product approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017. Changes in the target, hinge, or costimulatory domain can dramatically alter the persistence and efficacy of the CAR T cells. The ZUMA trials from Kite used CD19-(CD28z) CAR T cells, whereas the TRANSCEND studies from Juno and the JULIET studies from Novartis used CD19-(4-1BBz) CARs. Despite the recent successes with CAR T-cell clinical trials, major concerns associated with this therapy include cytokine release syndrome, potential neurotoxicities, B-cell aplasia, loss of tumor antigen leading to relapse, and cost and accessibility of the treatment. Although first-generation CAR T-cell therapies have failed in solid malignancies, newer second- and third-generation CAR T cells that target antigens other than CD19 (such as mesothelin or B-cell maturation antigen) are being studied in clinical trials for treatment of lung cancer or multiple myeloma. Overall, immune-based treatment strategies have given oncologists and patients hope when there used to be none, as well as a new basket of tools yet to come with further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Strati
- From the Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Shabnum Patel
- From the Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Loretta Nastoupil
- From the Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Michelle A Fanale
- From the Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- From the Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Adam Y Lin
- From the Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Leo I Gordon
- From the Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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21
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Biology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma: implications for prognosis and novel therapies. Blood 2018; 131:1654-1665. [PMID: 29500175 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-772632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is considered a prime example of treatment success, with cure rates exceeding 80% using modern combined modality therapies. However, especially in adolescents and young adults, treatment-related toxicity and long-term morbidity still represent persistent challenges. Moreover, outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory disease remain unfavorable in the era of high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell transplantation. Hence, there is a high demand for novel and innovative alternative treatment approaches. In recent years, many new therapeutic agents have emerged from preclinical and clinical studies that target molecular hallmarks of Hodgkin lymphoma, including the aberrant phenotype of the tumor cells, deregulated oncogenic pathways, and immune escape. The antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin and immune checkpoint inhibitors have already shown great success in patients with relapsed/refractory disease, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval and new trials testing these agents in various clinical settings. The expanding knowledge and understanding of Hodgkin lymphoma biology and disease progression, as well as the development of robust tools for biomarker-driven risk stratification and therapeutic decision making, continue to be fundamentally important for the success of these and other novel agents. We anticipate that the availability and clinical implementation of novel molecular assays will be instrumental in an era of rapid shifts in the treatment landscape of this disease. Here, we review the current knowledge of Hodgkin lymphoma pathobiology, highlighting the related development of novel treatment strategies and prognostic models that hold the promise to continually challenge and change the current standard of care in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
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22
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Human CD3+ T-Cells with the Anti-ERBB2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Exhibit Efficient Targeting and Induce Apoptosis in ERBB2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091797. [PMID: 28885562 PMCID: PMC5618474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women. The innate and adaptive immune responses failed to be activated owing to immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment. Decades of scientific study links the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2) antigen with aggressive tumours. The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) coding for specific tumour-associated antigens could initiate intrinsic T-cell signalling, inducing T-cell activation, and cytotoxic activity without the need for major histocompatibility complex recognition. This renders CAR as a potentially universal immunotherapeutic option. Herein, we aimed to establish CAR in CD3+ T-cells, isolated from human peripheral blood mononucleated cells that could subsequently target and induce apoptosis in the ERBB2 overexpressing human breast cancer cell line, SKBR3. Constructed CAR was inserted into a lentiviral plasmid containing a green fluorescent protein tag and produced as lentiviral particles that were used to transduce activated T-cells. Transduced CAR-T cells were then primed with SKBR3 cells to evaluate their functionality. Results showed increased apoptosis in SKBR3 cells co-cultured with CAR-T cells compared to the control (non–transduced T-cells). This study demonstrates that CAR introduction helps overcome the innate limitations of native T-cells leading to cancer cell apoptosis. We recommend future studies should focus on in vivo cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells against ERBB2 expressing tumours.
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23
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Zebularine Treatment Induces MAGE-A11 Expression and Improves CTL Cytotoxicity Using a Novel Identified HLA-A2-restricted MAGE-A11 Peptide. J Immunother 2017; 40:211-220. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Cruz CRY, Bollard CM. Adoptive Immunotherapy For Leukemia With Ex vivo Expanded T Cells. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:271-280. [PMID: 26648070 PMCID: PMC5016253 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666160209143529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel T cell therapies to target leukemia has facilitated the translation of this approach for hematologic malignancies. Different methods of manufacturing leukemia-specific T cells have evolved, along with additional measures to increase the safety of this therapy. This is an overview of expanded T cell therapeutics with a focus on how the manufacturing strategies have been refined, and where the research is heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Russell Y. Cruz
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy (CETI), Children’s National Health System, USA
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy (CETI), Children’s National Health System, USA
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25
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Swerev TM, Wirth T, Ushmorov A. Activation of oncogenic pathways in classical Hodgkin lymphoma by decitabine: A rationale for combination with small molecular weight inhibitors. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:555-566. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Kunert A, van Brakel M, van Steenbergen-Langeveld S, da Silva M, Coulie PG, Lamers C, Sleijfer S, Debets R. MAGE-C2-Specific TCRs Combined with Epigenetic Drug-Enhanced Antigenicity Yield Robust and Tumor-Selective T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2541-52. [PMID: 27489285 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has shown significant clinical success for patients with advanced melanoma and other tumors. Further development of T cell therapy requires improved strategies to select effective, yet nonself-reactive, TCRs. In this study, we isolated 10 TCR sequences against four MAGE-C2 (MC2) epitopes from melanoma patients who showed clinical responses following vaccination that were accompanied by significant frequencies of anti-MC2 CD8 T cells in blood and tumor without apparent side effects. We introduced these TCRs into T cells, pretreated tumor cells of different histological origins with the epigenetic drugs azacytidine and valproate, and tested tumor and self-reactivities of these TCRs. Pretreatment of tumor cells upregulated MC2 gene expression and enhanced recognition by T cells. In contrast, a panel of normal cell types did not express MC2 mRNA, and similar pretreatment did not result in recognition by MC2-directed T cells. Interestingly, the expression levels of MC2, but not those of CD80, CD86, or programmed death-ligand 1 or 2, correlated with T cell responsiveness. One of the tested TCRs consistently recognized pretreated MC2(+) cell lines from melanoma, head and neck, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancers but showed no response to MHC-eluted peptides or peptides highly similar to MC2. We conclude that targeting MC2 Ag, combined with epigenetic drug-enhanced antigenicity, allows for significant and tumor-selective T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kunert
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mandy van Brakel
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sabine van Steenbergen-Langeveld
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Marvin da Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cor Lamers
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
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27
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Terracina KP, Graham LJ, Payne KK, Manjili MH, Baek A, Damle SR, Bear HD. DNA methyltransferase inhibition increases efficacy of adoptive cellular immunotherapy of murine breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1061-73. [PMID: 27416831 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell immunotherapy is a promising approach to cancer treatment that currently has limited clinical applications. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNAMTi) have known potential to affect the immune system through multiple mechanisms that could enhance the cytotoxic T cell responses, including: upregulation of tumor antigen expression, increased MHC class I expression, and blunting of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expansion. In this study, we have investigated the effect of combining the DNAMTi, decitabine, with adoptive T cell immunotherapy in the murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma model. We found that expression of neu, MHC class I molecules, and several murine cancer testis antigens (CTA) was increased by decitabine treatment of 4T1 cells in vitro. Decitabine also increased expression of multiple CTA in two human breast cancer cell lines. Decitabine-treated 4T1 cells stimulated greater IFN-gamma release from tumor-sensitized lymphocytes, implying increased immunogenicity. Expansion of CD11b + Gr1 + MDSC in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice was significantly diminished by decitabine treatment. Decitabine treatment improved the efficacy of adoptive T cell immunotherapy in mice with established 4T1 tumors, with greater inhibition of tumor growth and an increased cure rate. Decitabine may have a role in combination with existing and emerging immunotherapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista P Terracina
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 7-402, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980011, Richmond, VA, 23298-0011, USA
| | - Laura J Graham
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 7-402, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980011, Richmond, VA, 23298-0011, USA
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 7-402, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980011, Richmond, VA, 23298-0011, USA
| | - Annabel Baek
- Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 7-402, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980011, Richmond, VA, 23298-0011, USA
| | - Sheela R Damle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 7-402, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980011, Richmond, VA, 23298-0011, USA
| | - Harry D Bear
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 7-402, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980011, Richmond, VA, 23298-0011, USA.
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28
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Vardhana S, Younes A. The immune microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma: T cells, B cells, and immune checkpoints. Haematologica 2016; 101:794-802. [PMID: 27365459 PMCID: PMC5004458 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is curable in the majority of cases with chemotherapy and/or radiation. However, 15-20% of patients ultimately relapse and succumb to their disease. Pathologically, classical Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by rare tumor-initiating Reed-Sternberg cells surrounded by a dense immune microenvironment. However, the role of the immune microenvironment, particularly T and B cells, in either promoting or restricting Classical Hodgkin lymphoma growth remains undefined. Recent dramatic clinical responses seen using monoclonal antibodies against PD-1, a cell surface receptor whose primary function is to restrict T cell activation, have reignited questions regarding the function of the adaptive immune system in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. This review summarizes what is known regarding T cells, B cells, and immune checkpoints in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosha Vardhana
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Saleh MH, Wang L, Goldberg MS. Improving cancer immunotherapy with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:787-96. [PMID: 26646852 PMCID: PMC11028536 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy confers durable clinical benefit to melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer patients. Challengingly, most other solid tumors, including ovarian carcinoma, are not particularly responsive to immunotherapy, so combination with a complementary therapy may be beneficial. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic modifying drugs can prime antitumor immunity by increasing expression of tumor-associated antigens, chemokines, and activating ligands by cancer cells as well as cytokines by immune cells. This review, drawing from both preclinical and clinical data, describes some of the mechanisms of action that enable DNA methyltransferase inhibitors to facilitate the establishment of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Saleh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Goldberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Patel S, Jones RB, Nixon DF, Bollard CM. T-cell therapies for HIV: Preclinical successes and current clinical strategies. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:931-942. [PMID: 27265874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful in controlling HIV infection, it does not provide a permanent cure, requires lifelong treatment, and HIV-positive individuals are left with social concerns such as stigma. The recent application of T cells to treat cancer and viral reactivations post-transplant offers a potential strategy to control HIV infection. It is known that naturally occurring HIV-specific T cells can inhibit HIV initially, but this response is not sustained in the majority of people living with HIV. Genetically modifying T cells to target HIV, resist infection, and persist in the immunosuppressive environment found in chronically infected HIV-positive individuals might provide a therapeutic solution for HIV. This review focuses on successful preclinical studies and current clinical strategies using T-cell therapy to control HIV infection and mediate a functional cure solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnum Patel
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Brad Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
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31
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Oncogenic cancer/testis antigens: prime candidates for immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15772-87. [PMID: 26158218 PMCID: PMC4599236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments have set the stage for immunotherapy as a supplement to conventional cancer treatment. Consequently, a significant effort is required to further improve efficacy and specificity, particularly the identification of optimal therapeutic targets for clinical testing. Cancer/testis antigens are immunogenic, highly cancer-specific, and frequently expressed in various types of cancer, which make them promising candidate targets for cancer immunotherapy, including cancer vaccination and adoptive T-cell transfer with chimeric T-cell receptors. Our current understanding of tumor immunology and immune escape suggests that targeting oncogenic antigens may be beneficial, meaning that identification of cancer/testis antigens with oncogenic properties is of high priority. Recent work from our lab and others provide evidence that many cancer/testis antigens, in fact, have oncogenic functions, including support of growth, survival and metastasis. This novel insight into the function of cancer/testis antigens has the potential to deliver more effective cancer vaccines. Moreover, immune targeting of oncogenic cancer/testis antigens in combination with conventional cytotoxic therapies or novel immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade or adoptive transfer, represents a highly synergistic approach with the potential to improve patient survival.
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32
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Cruz CR, Bollard CM. T-cell and natural killer cell therapies for hematologic malignancies after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: enhancing the graft-versus-leukemia effect. Haematologica 2016; 100:709-19. [PMID: 26034113 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but infection, graft-versus-host disease and relapse are still important problems. Calcineurin inhibitors, T-cell depletion strategies, and immunomodulators have helped to prevent graft-versus-host disease, but have a negative impact on the graft-versus-leukemia effect. T cells and natural killer cells are both thought to be important in the graft-versus-leukemia effect, and both cell types are amenable to ex vivo manipulation and clinical manufacture, making them versatile immunotherapeutics. We provide an overview of these immunotherapeutic strategies following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with discussions centered on natural killer and T-cell biology. We discuss the contributions of each cell type to graft-versus-leukemia effects, as well as the current research directions in the field as related to adoptive cell therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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33
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Erker C, Harker-Murray P, Burke MJ. Emerging immunotherapy in pediatric lymphoma. Future Oncol 2015; 12:257-70. [PMID: 26616565 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma collectively are the third most common cancer diagnosed in children each year. For children who relapse or have refractory disease, outcomes remain poor. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a novel approach to treat hematologic malignancies. The field has been rapidly expanding over the past few years broadening its armamentarium which now includes monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and cellular therapies including bispecific T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells. Many of these agents are in their infancy stages and only beginning to make their mark on lymphoma treatment while others have begun to show promising efficacy in relapsed disease. In this review, the authors provide an overview of current and emerging immunotherapies in the field of pediatric lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Erker
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paul Harker-Murray
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael J Burke
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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McLaughlin L, Cruz CR, Bollard CM. Adoptive T-cell therapies for refractory/relapsed leukemia and lymphoma: current strategies and recent advances. Ther Adv Hematol 2015; 6:295-307. [PMID: 26622998 DOI: 10.1177/2040620715594736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the treatment and outcome of hematologic malignancies, prognosis remains poor for patients who have relapsed or refractory disease. Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy offers novel therapeutics that attempt to utilize the noted graft versus leukemia effect. While CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have thus far been the most clinically successful application of adoptive T immunotherapy, further work with antigen specific T cells and CARs that recognize other targets have helped diversify the field to treat a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies. This article will focus primarily on therapies currently in the clinical trial phase as well as current downfalls or limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren McLaughlin
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Russell Cruz
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, 111 Michigan Ave, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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35
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Shi G, Wang H, Zhuang X. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhance the expression of melanoma-associated antigen A4 in a Lewis lung cancer murine model. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:809-816. [PMID: 26870289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-testis (CT) family of antigens are expressed in multiple types of malignant neoplasm and are silent in normal tissues, apart from the testis. Immunotherapy targeting CT antigens is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of solid tumors. One member of this family, melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4), has been demonstrated to be expressed in melanomas and lung cancer. Patients with tumors expressing the MAGE-A4 antigen exhibit specific cellular and humoral immune responses to the antigen, resulting in a favorable prognosis. Conversely, the expression of MAGE-A4 is associated with poor survival in lung cancer. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immunosuppressive cells, which are upregulated in the cancer microenvironment. Little is known regarding any potential correlation between the expression of MAGE-A4 antigens and the accumulation of MDSCs. The present study aimed to examine the association between circulating MDSC levels and MAGE-A4 expression in a mouse model of Lewis lung cancer. The expression of MAGE-A4 in tumor cells or tissues was evaluated using western blotting, while the percentage of MDSCs (CD11b+Gr-1+) in the blood was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the suppressive capacity of MDSCs and the effectiveness of MDSC depletion were assessed in C57BL/6 tumor-bearing mice. MDSCs were demonstrated to upregulate MAGE-A4 expression via the phosphosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3705 pathway, while depletion of MDSCs decreased the tumor growth rate, prolonged median survival and enhanced the recognition of MAGE-A4 by CD8+ T cells. These findings indicated that immunotherapeutic strategies involving induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that target MAGE-A4, in combination with MDSC depletion, may be an effective approach to immunotherapy for cancer types with high expression of MAGE-A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong 255314, P.R. China
| | - Huiru Wang
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xiufen Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
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36
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Li B, Zhu X, Sun L, Yuan L, Zhang J, Li H, Ye Z. Induction of a specific CD8+ T-cell response to cancer/testis antigens by demethylating pre-treatment against osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10791-802. [PMID: 25301731 PMCID: PMC4279410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional non-surgical therapeutic regimens against osteosarcoma are subject to chemoresistance and tumor relapse, and immunotherapy may be promising for this tumor. However, it's hard to find satisfactory epitopes for immunotherapy against osteosarcoma. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs), such as MAGE-A family and NY-ESO-1, the potential antigens that almost exclusively express in tumor cells and immune-privileged sites, have been found expressed in osteosarcoma also. Nevertheless, the expression of CTAs is downregulated in many tumors, constraining the application of immunotherapy. In this article, we demonstrate that the expression of MAGE-A family and NY-ESO-1 in osteosarcoma cells can be upregulated following treatment with demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and consequently induces a CTA specific CD8+ T-cell response against osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo imaging was realized by using luciferase-transfected HOS cells and DiR labeled T-cells in severely combined immunodeficiency mouse models. Cytotoxic T cells specifically recognizing MAGE-A family and NY-ESO-1 clustered at the tumor site in mice pre-treated with DAC and resulted in tumor growth suppression, while it was not observed in mice without DAC pre-treatment. This study is important for more targeted therapeutic approaches and suggests that adoptive immunotherapy, combined with demethylating treatment, has the potential for non-surgical therapeutic strategy against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
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37
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Bollard CM, Cruz CR, Barrett AJ. Directed T-cell therapies for leukemia and lymphoma after hematopoietic stem cell transplant: beyond chimeric antigen receptors. Int J Hematol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances utilizing adoptive T-cell immunotherapies for patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplant using T cells after autologous transplant to treat the highest risk patients. The particular emphasis is the use of T cells to treat leukemias and lymphomas with gene transfer and nongene transfer approaches to direct specificity to tumor associated antigens. In this review, we will highlight how these novel therapeutics can be successfully used to prevent or treat high-risk patients who relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Bollard
- Children’s National Health System & The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Russell Cruz
- Children’s National Health System & The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- National Heart Lung & Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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38
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Wang L, Amoozgar Z, Huang J, Saleh MH, Xing D, Orsulic S, Goldberg MS. Decitabine Enhances Lymphocyte Migration and Function and Synergizes with CTLA-4 Blockade in a Murine Ovarian Cancer Model. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:1030-41. [PMID: 26056145 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lack of second-line treatment for relapsed ovarian cancer necessitates the development of improved combination therapies. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy each confer clinical benefit, albeit limited as monotherapies. Ovarian cancer is not particularly responsive to immune checkpoint blockade, so combination with a complementary therapy may be beneficial. Recent studies have revealed that a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, azacytidine, alters expression of immunoregulatory genes in ovarian cancer. In this study, the antitumor effects of a related DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, decitabine (DAC), were demonstrated in a syngeneic murine ovarian cancer model. Low-dose DAC treatment increases the expression of chemokines that recruit NK cells and CD8(+) T cells, promotes their production of IFNγ and TNFα, and extends the survival of mice bearing subcutaneous or orthotopic tumors. While neither DAC nor immune checkpoint blockade confers durable responses as a monotherapy in this model, the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 was potentiated by combination with DAC. This combination promotes differentiation of naïve T cells into effector T cells and prolongs cytotoxic lymphocyte responses as well as mouse survival. These results suggest that this combination therapy may be worthy of further consideration for improved treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammad H Saleh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael S Goldberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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39
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Grizzi F, Mirandola L, Qehajaj D, Cobos E, Figueroa JA, Chiriva-Internati M. Cancer-Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy in the Light of Cancer Complexity. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:143-53. [PMID: 25901859 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1018418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Odunsi K, Matsuzaki J, James SR, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Tsuji T, Miller A, Zhang W, Akers SN, Griffiths EA, Miliotto A, Beck A, Batt CA, Ritter G, Lele S, Gnjatic S, Karpf AR. Epigenetic potentiation of NY-ESO-1 vaccine therapy in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:37-49. [PMID: 24535937 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-testis/cancer-germline antigen NY-ESO-1 is a vaccine target in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but its limited expression is a barrier to vaccine efficacy. As NY-ESO-1 is regulated by DNA methylation, we hypothesized that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors may augment NY-ESO-1 vaccine therapy. In agreement, global DNA hypomethylation in EOC was associated with the presence of circulating antibodies to NY-ESO-1. Pre-clinical studies using EOC cell lines showed that decitabine treatment enhanced both NY-ESO-1 expression and NY-ESO-1-specific CTL-mediated responses. Based on these observations, we performed a phase I dose-escalation trial of decitabine, as an addition to NY-ESO-1 vaccine and doxorubicin liposome (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, in 12 patients with relapsed EOC. The regimen was safe, with limited and clinically manageable toxicities. Both global and promoter-specific DNA hypomethylation occurred in blood and circulating DNAs, the latter of which may reflect tumor cell responses. Increased NY-ESO-1 serum antibodies and T cell responses were observed in the majority of patients, and antibody spreading to additional tumor antigens was also observed. Finally, disease stabilization or partial clinical response occurred in 6/10 evaluable patients. Based on these encouraging results, evaluation of similar combinatorial chemo-immunotherapy regimens in EOC and other tumor types is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Smitha R James
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | | | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Wa Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - Stacey N Akers
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | | | - Anthony Miliotto
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Amy Beck
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Carl A Batt
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, NY Branch at Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
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41
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Bollard CM, Barrett AJ. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes for leukemia and lymphoma. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:565-569. [PMID: 25696912 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the recent advances in adoptive T-cell immunotherapies, not only for patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but also in the autologous setting using T cells early in the disease process for the treatment of the highest-risk patients with leukemias and lymphomas. The particular emphasis is to highlight the role of T-cell therapies for hematologic malignancies using a non-gene-transfer approach to direct specificity, including the clinical use of T-cell therapies for EBV-associated lymphomas and strategies for targeting nonviral lymphoma- and leukemia-associated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Bollard
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC; and
| | - A John Barrett
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD
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42
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Immunotherapy: opportunities, risks and future perspectives. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:S120-9. [PMID: 24629797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is intended to reflect upon the current status and perspectives of cell-based immunotherapy at a time when the promise of extensive pre-clinical research has been translated into encouraging clinical responses. However, some of these have also been complicated by significant adverse reactions. As the field moves towards definitive late stage trials, with a growing interest from pharmaceutical companies, we realize that novel cell therapy strategies pose questions that are familiar to traditional drug development, along with new considerations due to the potential of T cells to persist long term and to expand after adoptive transfer. These questions address the safety of the product, the efficacy, the mode of action, and the anticipation of risks. From different perspectives, we intend to address exciting opportunities and safety concerns in current concepts of cellular immunotherapy.
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43
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Huang TC, Renuse S, Pinto S, Kumar P, Yang Y, Chaerkady R, Godsey B, Mendell JT, Halushka MK, Civin CI, Marchionni L, Pandey A. Identification of miR-145 targets through an integrated omics analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:197-207. [PMID: 25354783 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00585f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis. To characterize functions of miRNAs and to assess their potential applications, we carried out an integrated multi-omics analysis to study miR-145, a miRNA that has been shown to suppress tumor growth. We employed gene expression profiling, miRNA profiling and quantitative proteomic analysis of a pancreatic cancer cell line. In our transcriptomic analysis, overexpression of miR-145 was found to suppress the expression of genes that are implicated in development of cancer such as ITGA11 and MAGEA4 in addition to previously described targets such as FSCN1, YES1 and PODXL. Based on miRNA profiling, overexpression of miR-145 also upregulated other miRNAs including miR-124, miR-133b and miR-125a-3p, all of which are implicated in suppression of tumors and are generally co-regulated with miR-145 in other cancers. Using the SILAC system, we identified miR-145-induced downregulation of several oncoproteins/cancer biomarkers including SET, RPA1, MCM2, ABCC1, SPTBN1 and SPTLC1. Luciferase assay validation carried out on a subset of downregulated candidate targets confirmed them to be novel direct targets of miR-145. Overall, this multi-omics approach provided insights into miR-145-mediated tumor suppression and could be used as a general strategy to study the targets of individual miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chung Huang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Torrano V, Diouf O, Ku S, Hazrat Y, Carrum G, Ramos C, Fayad L, Shpall EJ, Pro B, Liu H, Wu MF, Lee D, Sheehan AM, Zu Y, Gee AP, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Rooney CM. Sustained complete responses in patients with lymphoma receiving autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane proteins. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:798-808. [PMID: 24344220 PMCID: PMC3940538 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor cells from approximately 40% of patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma express the type II latency Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2, which represent attractive targets for immunotherapy. Because T cells specific for these antigens are present with low frequency and may be rendered anergic by the tumors that express them, we expanded LMP-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients with lymphoma using autologous dendritic cells and EBV-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing either LMP2 alone (n = 17) or both LMP2 and ΔLMP1 (n = 33). PATIENTS AND METHODS These genetically modified antigen-presenting cells expanded CTLs that were enriched for specificity against type II latency LMP antigens. When infused into 50 patients with EBV-associated lymphoma, the expanded CTLs did not produce infusional toxicities. RESULTS Twenty-eight of 29 high-risk or multiple-relapse patients receiving LMP-CTLs as adjuvant therapy remained in remission at a median of 3.1 years after CTL infusion. None subsequently died as a result of lymphoma, but nine succumbed to complications associated with extensive prior chemoradiotherapy, including myocardial infarction and secondary malignancies. Of 21 patients with relapsed or resistant disease at the time of CTL infusion, 13 had clinical responses, including 11 complete responses. T cells specific for LMP as well as nonviral tumor-associated antigens (epitope spreading) could be detected in the peripheral blood within 2 months after CTL infusion, but this evidence for epitope spreading was seen only in patients achieving clinical responses. CONCLUSION Autologous T cells directed to the LMP2 or LMP1 and LMP2 antigens can induce durable complete responses without significant toxicity. Their earlier use in the disease course may reduce delayed treatment-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Bollard
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Vicky Torrano
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Oumar Diouf
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie Ku
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Yasmin Hazrat
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - George Carrum
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Luis Fayad
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Barbara Pro
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Hao Liu
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Lee
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Andrea M. Sheehan
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Youli Zu
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Adrian P. Gee
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Malcolm K. Brenner
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Helen E. Heslop
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Cliona M. Rooney
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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Belgaumi AF, Al-Kofide AA. Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: Making Progress. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-013-0034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li B, Ye Z. Epigenetic alterations in osteosarcoma: promising targets. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3303-15. [PMID: 24500341 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is being reinterpreted due to recent discoveries related to epigenetic regulation during development, and the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in initiation and progression of cancer has been further highlighted by the recent explosion in medical information. Osteosarcoma is highly genetically unstable, and current therapeutic regimens are subject to chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma will provide novel avenues for cancer therapy. In this review, we examine the epigenetic alterations in gene expression in osteosarcoma, and discuss the utilization of epigenetic regulation therapy in treatment against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
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Abstract
Although most patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are cured with primary therapy, patients with primary refractory disease or relapse after initial treatment have poor outcomes and represent an unmet medical need. Recent advances in unraveling the biology of HL have yielded a plethora of novel targeted therapies. This review provides an overview of the data behind the hype generated by these advances and addresses the question of whether or not clinically these targeted therapies offer hope for patients with HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Diefenbach
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Ranjana Advani
- Professor of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Medicine/Oncology
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DeRenzo C, Gottschalk S. Genetically modified T-cell therapy for osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:323-40. [PMID: 24924183 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy may offer an approach to improve outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma, who fail current therapies. In addition, it has the potential to reduce treatment-related complications for all patients. Generating tumor-specific T cells with conventional antigen presenting cells ex vivo is time consuming and often results in T-cell products with a low frequency of tumor-specific T cells. In addition, the generated T cells remain sensitive to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Genetic modification of T cells is one strategy to overcome these limitations. For example, T cells can be genetically modified to render them antigen specific, resistant to inhibitory factors, or increase their ability to home to tumor sites. Most genetic modification strategies have only been evaluated in preclinical models, however early phase clinical trials are in progress. In this chapter we review the current status of gene-modified T-cell therapy with special focus on osteosarcoma, highlighting potential antigenic targets, preclinical and clinical studies, and strategies to improve current T-cell therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher DeRenzo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston Methodist, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Pagotto A, Caballero OL, Volkmar N, Devalle S, Simpson AJG, Lu X, Christianson JC. Centrosomal localisation of the cancer/testis (CT) antigens NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 is regulated by proteasome activity in tumour cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83212. [PMID: 24340093 PMCID: PMC3858345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cancer/Testis (CT) antigen family of genes are transcriptionally repressed in most human tissues but are atypically re-expressed in many malignant tumour types. Their restricted expression profile makes CT antigens ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. As little is known about whether CT antigens may be regulated by post-translational processing, we investigated the mechanisms governing degradation of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 in selected cancer cell lines. Inhibitors of proteasome-mediated degradation induced the partitioning of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 into a detergent insoluble fraction. Moreover, this treatment also resulted in increased localisation of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 at the centrosome. Despite their interaction, relocation of either NY-ESO-1 or MAGE-C1 to the centrosome could occur independently of each other. Using a series of truncated fragments, the regions corresponding to NY-ESO-191-150 and MAGE-C1900-1116 were established as important for controlling both stability and localisation of these CT antigens. Our findings demonstrate that the steady state levels of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 are regulated by proteasomal degradation and that both behave as aggregation-prone proteins upon accumulation. With proteasome inhibitors being increasingly used as front-line treatment in cancer, these data raise issues about CT antigen processing for antigenic presentation and therefore immunogenicity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pagotto
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Otavia L. Caballero
- Ludwig Collaborative Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Devalle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. G. Simpson
- Ludwig Collaborative Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John C. Christianson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wieczorek A, Uharek L. Genetically modified T cells for the treatment of malignant disease. Transfus Med Hemother 2013; 40:388-402. [PMID: 24474888 DOI: 10.1159/000357163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The broaden application of adoptive T-cell transfer has been constrained by the technical abilities to isolate and expand antigen-specific T cells potent to selectively kill tumor cells. With the recent progress in the design and manufacturing of cellular products, T cells used in the treatment of malignant diseases may be regarded as anticancer biopharmaceuticals. Genetical manipulation of T cells has given T cells desired specificity but also enable to tailor their activation and proliferation potential. Here, we summarize the recent developments in genetic engineering of T-cell-based biopharmaceuticals, covering criteria for their clinical application in regard to safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wieczorek
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Uharek
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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