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Len-Tayon K, Beraud C, Fauveau C, Belorusova AY, Chebaro Y, Mouriño A, Massfelder T, Chauchereau A, Metzger D, Rochel N, Laverny G. A vitamin D-based strategy overcomes chemoresistance in prostate cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38982588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a common male malignancy that requires new therapeutic strategies due to acquired resistance to its first-line treatment, docetaxel. The benefits of vitamin D on prostate cancer (PCa) progression have been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D on chemoresistance in CRPC. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Structure function relationships of potent vitamin D analogues were determined. The combination of the most potent analogue and docetaxel was explored in chemoresistant primary PCa spheroids and in a xenograft mouse model derived from a patient with a chemoresistant CRPC. KEY RESULTS Here, we show that Xe4MeCF3 is more potent than the natural ligand to induce vitamin D receptor (VDR) transcriptional activities and that it has a larger therapeutic window. Moreover, we demonstrate that VDR agonists restore docetaxel sensitivity in PCa spheroids. Importantly, Xe4MeCF3 reduces tumour growth in a chemoresistant CRPC patient-derived xenograft. In addition, this treatment targets signalling pathways associated with cancer progression in the remaining cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results unravel the potency of VDR agonists to overcome chemoresistance in CRPC and open new avenues for the clinical management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Len-Tayon
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Inserm U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Clara Fauveau
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Inserm U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Transgene SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Anna Y Belorusova
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Inserm U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yassmine Chebaro
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Inserm U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Department of Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Anne Chauchereau
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Inserm U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Inserm U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Inserm U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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2
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Johnson JR, Mavingire N, Woods-Burnham L, Walker M, Lewis D, Hooker SE, Galloway D, Rivers B, Kittles RA. The complex interplay of modifiable risk factors affecting prostate cancer disparities in African American men. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:422-432. [PMID: 38307952 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed non-skin malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the USA. However, the mortality rate of African American men aged 40-60 years is almost 2.5-fold greater than that of European American men. Despite screening and diagnostic and therapeutic advances, disparities in prostate cancer incidence and outcomes remain prevalent. The reasons that lead to this disparity in outcomes are complex and multifactorial. Established non-modifiable risk factors such as age and genetic predisposition contribute to this disparity; however, evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors (including social determinants of health, diet, steroid hormones, environment and lack of diversity in enrolment in clinical trials) are prominent contributing factors to the racial disparities observed. Disparities involved in the diagnosis, treatment and survival of African American men with prostate cancer have also been correlated with low socioeconomic status, education and lack of access to health care. The effects and complex interactions of prostate cancer modifiable risk factors are important considerations for mitigating the incidence and outcomes of this disease in African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mya Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deyana Lewis
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stanley E Hooker
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy Galloway
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brian Rivers
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Johnson JR, Martini RN, Yuan YC, Woods-Burnham L, Walker M, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Kobeissy F, Galloway D, Gaddy A, Oguejiofor C, Allen B, Lewis D, Davis MB, Kimbro KS, Yates CC, Murphy AB, Kittles RA. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Suppresses Prognostic Survival Biomarkers Associated with Cell Cycle and Actin Organization in a Non-Malignant African American Prostate Cell Line. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38785827 PMCID: PMC11118023 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a steroid hormone that confers anti-tumorigenic properties in prostate cells. Serum vitamin D3 deficiency has been associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), particularly affecting African American (AA) men. Therefore, elucidating the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D on signaling pathways, essential to maintaining non-malignancy, may provide additional drug targets to mitigate disparate outcomes for men with PCa, especially AA men. We conducted RNA sequencing on an AA non-malignant prostate cell line, RC-77N/E, comparing untreated cells to those treated with 10 nM of vitamin D3 metabolite, 1α,25(OH)2D3, at 24 h. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 1601 significant genes affected by 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Pathway enrichment analysis predicted 1α,25(OH)2D3- mediated repression of prostate cancer, cell proliferation, actin cytoskeletal, and actin-related signaling pathways (p < 0.05). Prioritizing genes with vitamin D response elements and associating expression levels with overall survival (OS) in The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA PRAD) cohort, we identified ANLN (Anillin) and ECT2 (Epithelial Cell Transforming 2) as potential prognostic PCa biomarkers. Both genes were strongly correlated and significantly downregulated by 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment, where low expression was statistically associated with better overall survival outcomes in the TCGA PRAD public cohort. Increased ANLN and ECT2 mRNA gene expression was significantly associated with PCa, and Gleason scores using both the TCGA cohort (p < 0.05) and an AA non-malignant/tumor-matched cohort. Our findings suggest 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulation of these biomarkers may be significant for PCa prevention. In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 could be used as an adjuvant treatment targeting actin cytoskeleton signaling and actin cytoskeleton-related signaling pathways, particularly among AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Rachel N. Martini
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Computational Quantitative Medicine, Center for Informatics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Mya Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Greisha L. Ortiz-Hernandez
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Dorothy Galloway
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amani Gaddy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Chidinma Oguejiofor
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Blake Allen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Deyana Lewis
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - K. Sean Kimbro
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Clayton C. Yates
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP. Multiplicative, additive, and interactive associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lung and prostate cancer. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:133-142. [PMID: 36755523 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Results regarding the epidemiological association of vitamin D with lung (LCA) and prostate cancer (PCA) are controversial. This study tested whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have interactive epidemiological associations with smoking, the number-one risk factor for LCA, and age, the number-one risk factor for PCA. Also, this study investigated whether the associations of 25(OH)D, smoking, age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diet (the healthy Nordic diet score), and physical activity with incident LCA and PCA are multiplicative or additive. The study of association types makes it easier to select appropriate statistical methods. The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study provided the data of 2578 men with 112 LCA and 300 PCA cases over 35 years by the end of 2019. Serum 25(OH)D did not associate with LCA and PCA or interact with smoking and age. The association of smoking with LCA was additive; 13 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. Age and alcohol consumption multiplicatively increased the hazard of LCA (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval for age >50: 3.56, 1.82-6.17; drink per week: 1.01, 1.00-1.03), whereas adherence to healthy Nordic diet decreased it (per score point: 0.95, 0.89-1.00). The association of age >50 with PCA was additive; 2.5 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. To conclude, there was no epidemiological relationship of pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D concentrations with the incidence of LCA and PCA. The respective associations of smoking and age >50 with LCA and PCA were additive rather than multiplicative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Kokko
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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5
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Cui F, Qiu Y, Xu W, Zou C, Fan Y. Association Between Pretreatment Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38477679 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2328378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the prognostic value of the blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level have yielded controversial results in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This updated meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between pretreatment 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with survival outcomes among patients with clinically localized PCa. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched to identify studies evaluating the association of pretreatment 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with PCSM and all-cause mortality among clinically localized PCa patients. Ten cohort studies with 10,394 patients were identified. The meta-analysis revealed that PCa patients with the lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels had an increased risk of PCSM (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.83; p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.00-1.90; p = 0.047) compared to those with higher reference 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. Subgroup analyses based on different sample sizes, follow-up duration, and adjusted times of blood draw also exhibited a significant association of vitamin D deficiency with the risk of PCSM. Lower pretreatment level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be an independent predictor of reduced survival in patients with clinically localized PCa. Measuring the pretreatment blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level can provide valuable information for risk stratification of survival outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilun Cui
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Taizhou Second People's Hospital of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, China
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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6
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Yu W, Wang C, Shang Z, Tian J. Unveiling novel insights in prostate cancer through single-cell RNA sequencing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1224913. [PMID: 37746302 PMCID: PMC10514910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1224913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a cutting-edge technology that provides insights at the individual cell level. In contrast to traditional bulk RNA-seq, which captures gene expression at an average level and may overlook important details, scRNA-seq examines each individual cell as a fundamental unit and is particularly well-suited for identifying rare cell populations. Analogous to a microscope that distinguishes various cell types within a tissue sample, scRNA-seq unravels the heterogeneity and diversity within a single cell species, offering great potential as a leading sequencing method in the future. In the context of prostate cancer (PCa), a disease characterized by significant heterogeneity and multiple stages of progression, scRNA-seq emerges as a powerful tool for uncovering its intricate secrets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Tuttis K, Machado ART, Santos PWDS, Antunes LMG. Sulforaphane Combined with Vitamin D Induces Cytotoxicity Mediated by Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Autophagy, and JNK/MAPK Pathway Modulation in Human Prostate Tumor Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:2742. [PMID: 37375646 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer ranks second in incidence worldwide. To date, there are no available therapies to effectively treat advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Sulforaphane and vitamin D alone are promising anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, but their low bioavailability has limited their effects in clinical trials. The present study examined whether sulforaphane combined with vitamin D at clinically relevant concentrations improved the cytotoxicity of the compounds alone towards DU145 and PC-3 human prostate tumor cells. To assess the anticancer activity of this combination, we analyzed cell viability (MTT assay), oxidative stress (CM-H2DCFDA), autophagy (fluorescence), DNA damage (comet assay), and protein expression (Western blot). The sulforaphane-vitamin D combination (i) decreased cell viability, induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and autophagy, upregulated BAX, CASP8, CASP3, JNK, and NRF2 expression, and downregulated BCL2 expression in DU145 cells; and (ii) decreased cell viability, increased autophagy and oxidative stress, upregulated BAX and NRF2 expression, and downregulated JNK, CASP8, and BCL2 expression in PC-3 cells. Therefore, sulforaphane and vitamin D in combination have a potential application in prostate cancer therapy, and act to modulate the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Tuttis
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrick Wellington da Silva Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
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Siddappa M, Hussain S, Wani SA, White J, Tang H, Gray JS, Jafari H, Wu HC, Long MD, Elhussin I, Karanam B, Wang H, Morgan R, Hardiman G, Adelani IB, Rotimi SO, Murphy AR, Nonn L, Davis MB, Kittles RA, Hughes Halbert C, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Yates C, Campbell MJ. African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:621-639. [PMID: 37082578 PMCID: PMC10112383 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
African American (AA) prostate cancer associates with vitamin D3 deficiency, but vitamin D receptor (VDR) genomic actions have not been investigated in this context. We undertook VDR proteogenomic analyses in European American (EA) and AA prostate cell lines and four clinical cohorts. Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous protein (RIME) analyses revealed that nonmalignant AA RC43N prostate cells displayed the greatest dynamic protein content in the VDR complex. Likewise, in AA cells, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing established greater 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated chromatin accessibility, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed significant enhancer-enriched VDR cistrome, and RNA sequencing identified the largest 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent transcriptome. These VDR functions were significantly corrupted in the isogenic AA RC43T prostate cancer cells, and significantly distinct from EA cell models. We identified reduced expression of the chromatin remodeler, BAZ1A, in three AA prostate cancer cohorts as well as RC43T compared with RC43N. Restored BAZ1A expression significantly increased 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated VDR-dependent gene expression in RC43T, but not HPr1AR or LNCaP cells. The clinical impact of VDR cistrome-transcriptome relationships were tested in three different clinical prostate cancer cohorts. Strikingly, only in AA patients with prostate cancer, the genes bound by VDR and/or associated with 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent open chromatin (i) predicted progression from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to prostate cancer; (ii) responded to vitamin D3 supplementation in prostate cancer tumors; (iii) differentially responded to 25(OH)D3 serum levels. Finally, partial correlation analyses established that BAZ1A and components of the VDR complex identified by RIME significantly strengthened the correlation between VDR and target genes in AA prostate cancer only. Therefore, VDR transcriptional control is most potent in AA prostate cells and distorted through a BAZ1A-dependent control of VDR function. Significance Our study identified that genomic ancestry drives the VDR complex composition, genomic distribution, and transcriptional function, and is disrupted by BAZ1A and illustrates a novel driver for AA prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Siddappa
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sajad A. Wani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason White
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Hancong Tang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jaimie S. Gray
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hedieh Jafari
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hsu-Chang Wu
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Honghe Wang
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Rebecca Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Solomon O. Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adam R. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lara E. Sucheston-Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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9
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Stinson J, McCall C, Dobbs RW, Mistry N, Rosenberg A, Nettey OS, Sharma P, Dixon M, Sweis J, Macias V, Sharifi R, Kittles RA, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Murphy AB. Vitamin D and genetic ancestry are associated with apoptosis rates in benign and malignant prostatic epithelium. Prostate 2023; 83:352-363. [PMID: 36479698 PMCID: PMC9870946 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D metabolites may be protective against prostate cancer (PCa). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate associations between in vivo vitamin D status, genetic ancestry, and degree of apoptosis using prostatic epithelial terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Benign and tumor epithelial punch biopsies of participants with clinically localized PCa underwent indirect TUNEL staining. Serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were assessed immediately before radical prostatectomy; levels of prostatic 25(OH)D were obtained from the specimen once the prostate was extracted. Ancestry informative markers were used to estimate the percentage of genetic West African, Native American, and European ancestry. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one newly diagnosed men, age 40-79, were enrolled between 2013 and 2018. Serum 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.17, p = 0.03), and benign (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.04) prostatic epithelial TUNEL staining. Similarly, prostatic 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.31, p < 0.001) and benign (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.03) epithelial TUNEL staining. Only Native American ancestry was positively correlated with tumor (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.05) and benign (ρ = 0.27, p = 0.02) TUNEL staining. In multivariate regression models, increasing quartiles of prostatic 25(OH)D (β = 0.25, p = 0.04) and Native American ancestry (β = 0.327, p = 0.004) were independently associated with tumor TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS Physiologic serum and prostatic 25(OH)D levels and Native American ancestry are positively associated with the degree of apoptosis in tumor and benign prostatic epithelium in clinically localized PCa. Vitamin D may have secondary chemoprevention benefits in preventing PCa progression in localized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stinson
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Cordero McCall
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Ryan W. Dobbs
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Neil Mistry
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adrian Rosenberg
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Oluwarotimi S. Nettey
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Michael Dixon
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Jamila Sweis
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | | | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte CA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
- Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago IL
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10
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Garcia J, Krieger KD, Loitz C, Perez LM, Richards ZA, Helou Y, Kregel S, Celada S, Mesaros CA, Bosland M, Gann PH, Willnow TE, Vander Griend D, Kittles R, Prins GS, Penning T, Nonn L. Regulation of Prostate Androgens by Megalin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status: Mechanism for High Prostate Androgens in African American Men. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:371-382. [PMID: 36875158 PMCID: PMC9983358 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer mortality and is hypothesized to contribute to prostate cancer aggressiveness and disparities in African American populations. The prostate epithelium was recently shown to express megalin, an endocytic receptor that internalizes circulating globulin-bound hormones, which suggests regulation of intracellular prostate hormone levels. This contrasts with passive diffusion of hormones that is posited by the free hormone hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that megalin imports testosterone bound to sex hormone-binding globulin into prostate cells. Prostatic loss of Lrp2 (megalin) in a mouse model resulted in reduced prostate testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. Megalin expression was regulated and suppressed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) in cell lines, patient-derived prostate epithelial cells, and prostate tissue explants. In patients, the relationships between hormones support this regulatory mechanism, as prostatic DHT levels are higher in African American men and are inversely correlated with serum 25D status. Megalin levels are reduced in localized prostate cancer by Gleason grade. Our findings suggest that the free hormone hypothesis should be revisited for testosterone and highlight the impact of vitamin D deficiency on prostate androgen levels, which is a known driver of prostate cancer. Thus, we revealed a mechanistic link between vitamin D and prostate cancer disparities observed in African Americans. Significance These findings link vitamin D deficiency and the megalin protein to increased levels of prostate androgens, which may underpin the disparity in lethal prostate cancer in African America men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kirsten D. Krieger
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Candice Loitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lillian M. Perez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zachary A. Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yves Helou
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steve Kregel
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sasha Celada
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Clementina A. Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maarten Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter H. Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Donald Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rick Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Urology, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Trevor Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Corresponding Author: Larisa Nonn, University of Illinois at Chicago, 130 CSN, MC 847, 840 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612. Phone: 312-996-0194; E-mail:
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11
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Zhang ZH, Liu MD, Yao K, Xu S, Yu DX, Xie DD, Xu DX. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates growth and metastasis of prostate cancer through promoting EMT in two β-catenin-related mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109177. [PMID: 36223833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is associated with prostate cancer progression, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated effects of vitamin D deficiency on growth and metastasis of prostate cancer. Nude mice and Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice were fed with vitamin D-deficient (VDD) diets. Prostate cancer growth was aggravated in VDD diet-fed nude mice and TRAMP mice. Invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer were exacerbated in VDD diet-fed TRAMP mice. In vitro experiments showed that calcitriol, an active vitamin D3, inhibited migration and invasion in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 -stimulated and -unstimulated PC-3 and DU145 cells. Mechanistically, calcitriol inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TGF-β1 -stimulated and -unstimulated DU145 cells. Unexpectedly, calcitriol did not inhibit Smad2/3 phosphorylation in TGF-β1-stimulated DU145 cells. Instead, calcitriol downregulated expression of proliferation-, metastasis- and EMT-related genes, includes Cyclin D1, MMP7, and Zeb1, by inhibiting interaction between TCF4 and β-catenin. In addition, calcitriol promoted interaction between cytoplasmic VDR and β-catenin, reduced β-catenin phosphorylation and elevated β-catenin/E-cadherin adherens junction complex formation. We provide novel evidence that vitamin D deficiency aggravates growth and metastasis of prostate cancer possibly through promoting EMT in two β-catenin-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Dong Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Urology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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12
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Hussain S, Yates C, Campbell MJ. Vitamin D and Systems Biology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245197. [PMID: 36558356 PMCID: PMC9782494 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been investigated intensively for over 100 years and has led to the identification of significant insights into the repertoire of its biological actions. These were initially established to be centered on the regulation of calcium transport in the colon and deposition in bone. Beyond these well-known calcemic roles, other roles have emerged in the regulation of cell differentiation processes and have an impact on metabolism. The purpose of the current review is to consider where applying systems biology (SB) approaches may begin to generate a more precise understanding of where the VDR is, and is not, biologically impactful. Two SB approaches have been developed and begun to reveal insight into VDR biological functions. In a top-down SB approach genome-wide scale data are statistically analyzed, and from which a role for the VDR emerges in terms of being a hub in a biological network. Such approaches have confirmed significant roles, for example, in myeloid differentiation and the control of inflammation and innate immunity. In a bottom-up SB approach, current biological understanding is built into a kinetic model which is then applied to existing biological data to explain the function and identify unknown behavior. To date, this has not been applied to the VDR, but has to the related ERα and identified previously unknown mechanisms of control. One arena where applying top-down and bottom-up SB approaches may be informative is in the setting of prostate cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kumawat G, Chaudhary V, Garg A, Mehta N, Talwar G, Yadav SS, Tomar V. Association between vitamin D deficiency and prostate cancer: Prospective case-control study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415821993606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to find out the association of low serum vitamin D levels with the incidence of prostate cancer through a prospective case-control study. Material and methods: This study was carried out in the tertiary care hospital (India). All newly diagnosed patients of prostate cancer and age-matched controls were included. Serum vitamin D levels were measured in all of them. Vitamin D status (ng/mL) was classified as severe deficiency <10, moderate deficiency 10–<30, normal 30–100, and toxicity >100. Normality of the data was tested by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0, p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In our study, 320 cases and 320 controls were included. The mean vitamin D levels in cases and controls were 15.71 ± 6.5 (ng/mL) and 17.63 ± 4.54 (ng/mL), respectively, ( p-Value <0.01). Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency (73.58%) had a Gleason score ⩾8 on biopsy and 79.24% of them had a serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level >20 ng/mL. Conclusion: We had concluded that there was no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of prostate cancer, although patients with higher-grade prostate cancer and with higher PSA level had severe vitamin D deficiency. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Kumawat
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Vijay Chaudhary
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Nishkarsh Mehta
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Gagan Talwar
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - SS Yadav
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Vinay Tomar
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
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14
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Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP. How competing risks affect the epidemiological relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer incidence? A population-based study. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14410. [PMID: 35229338 PMCID: PMC9540471 DOI: 10.1111/and.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that controversial results regarding the epidemiological relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, and risk of prostate cancer (PCA) incidence are partly due to competing risks. To test the hypothesis, we studied associations across 25(OH)D, PCA and death in 2578 middle-aged men belonging to the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The men were free of cancer at baseline, and the mean (SD) follow-up time was 23.3 (9.1) years. During this period, 296 men had a PCA diagnosis, and 1448 men died without the PCA diagnosis. The absolute risk of developing PCA was highest in the highest 25(OH)D tertile (15%), whereas that of death was highest in the lowest 25(OH)D tertile (67%). A competing risk analysis showed that belonging to the highest 25(OH)D tertile increased the risk of PCA incidence and improved survival with the respective hazard ratios (HR) of 1.35 (95% CI = 1.07-1.70) and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.71-0.89). Adjusting for 10 covariates together with 25(OH)D did not significantly change the results, but the respective adjusted HRs for PCA and death were 1.20 and 0.87. To conclude, the competing risk analysis did not eliminate the direct relationship between 25(OH)D and PCA but rather strengthened it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Kokko
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Racial disparities in prostate cancer: A complex interplay between socioeconomic inequities and genomics. Cancer Lett 2022; 531:71-82. [PMID: 35122875 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The largest US cancer health disparity exists in prostate cancer, with Black men having more than a two-fold increased risk of dying from prostate cancer compared to all other races. This disparity is a result of a complex network of factors including socioeconomic status (SES), environmental exposures, and genetics/biology. Inequity in the US healthcare system has emerged as a major driver of disparity in prostate cancer outcomes and has raised concerns that the actual incidence rates may be higher than current estimates. However, emerging studies argue that equalizing healthcare access will not fully eliminate racial health disparities and highlight the important role of biology. Significant differences have been observed in prostate cancer biology between various ancestral groups that may contribute to prostate cancer health disparities. These differences include enhanced androgen receptor signaling, increased genomic instability, metabolic dysregulation, and enhanced inflammatory and cytokine signaling. Immediate actions are needed to increase the establishment of adequate infrastructure and multi-center, interdisciplinary research to bridge the gap between social and biological determinants of prostate cancer health disparities.
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16
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Correlative Analysis of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer. Urology 2021; 155:110-116. [PMID: 34144071 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of targeted serum vitamin-D level and omega-6:3 fatty-acid ratio on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in men with prostate cancer managed with active surveillance by providing a nutritional intervention and vitamin supplementation. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with biopsy-proven National Comprehensive Cancer Network very-low or low-risk prostate cancer were enrolled in the prostate cancer nutrition and genetics clinic at the Cleveland Clinic from July 2013-December 2019. Patients adhered to a specific dietary regimen devoid of animal-based products and foods containing omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The supplement regimen consisted of: Omega-3 PUFAs 720mg (3/day); curcumin 2000 mg/day; vitamin D3 dose titrated to achieve serum level of 60 ng/ml; and vitamin B-complex 1000 mg (4 times weekly). Patients underwent periodic monitoring of PSA, serum vitamin D, and PUFA levels and had frequent follow-up with the nutritionist which included a food frequency questionnaire. Interval prostate biopsy was performed as clinically indicated and/or at 9 months. RESULTS The mean and 95% confidence interval of PSA slope and Vitamin D serum levels slope were 0.11 (0-0.25) ng/mL/month and 4.65 (3.09-5.98) ng/mL/month, respectively. Patients with higher initial vitamin D levels were twice as likely to have a downward PSA trend (OR = 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.04-4.01, P = .04). Fifty-five patients underwent follow-up biopsy, all showing no progression of disease. Three patients had loose bowel movements that required omega-3 and or curcumin dose adjustments. CONCLUSION Intensive nutritional intervention with Vitamin D and Omega-3 PUFA supplementation may benefit men on active surveillance for prostate cancer and further studies are warranted.
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17
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Campolina-Silva GH, Barata MC, Werneck-Gomes H, Maria BT, Mahecha GAB, Belleannée C, Oliveira CA. Altered expression of the vitamin D metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 under the context of prostate aging and pathologies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105832. [PMID: 33596463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating levels of vitamin D are common at older ages and have been linked to an increased risk of prostate disease, including cancer. However, it has not yet been determined whether aging affects the ability of prostate cells to locally metabolize vitamin D into its active metabolite calcitriol and thus mediate the vitamin D signaling in autocrine and paracrine ways. By using a suitable rat model to interrogate spontaneous prostatic modifications over the course of aging, here we showed that both CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 enzymes, which are key players respectively involved with calcitriol synthesis and deactivation, were highly expressed in the prostate epithelium. Furthermore, as the animals aged, a drastic reduction of CYP27B1 levels was detected in total protein extracts and especially in epithelial areas of lesions, including tumors. On the other hand, CYP24A1 expression significantly increased with aging and remained elevated even in altered epithelia. Such intricate unbalance in regard to vitamin D metabolizing enzymes was strongly associated with reduced bioavailability of calcitriol in the senile prostate, which in addition to decreased expression of the vitamin D receptor, further limits the protective actions mediated by vitamin D signaling. This evidence was corroborated by the increased proliferative activity exactly at sites of lesions where the factors implicated with calcitriol synthesis and responsiveness had its expression inhibited. Taken together, our results emphasize a set of modifications over the course of aging with a high potential to hamper vitamin D signaling on the prostate. These findings highlight a crosstalk between vitamin D, aging, and prostate carcinogenesis, offering new potential targets in the prevention of malignancies and other aging-related disorders arising in the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Clara Barata
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hipácia Werneck-Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Toledo Maria
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Clémence Belleannée
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, CHU De Québec Research Center (CHUL), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cleida Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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18
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McCray T, Pacheco JV, Loitz CC, Garcia J, Baumann B, Schlicht MJ, Valyi-Nagy K, Abern MR, Nonn L. Vitamin D sufficiency enhances differentiation of patient-derived prostate epithelial organoids. iScience 2021; 24:101974. [PMID: 33458620 PMCID: PMC7797919 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential steroid hormone that regulates systemic calcium homeostasis and cell fate decisions. The prostate gland is hormonally regulated, requiring steroids for proliferation and differentiation of secretory luminal cells. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of lethal prostate cancer, which exhibits a dedifferentiated pathology, linking vitamin D sufficiency to epithelial differentiation. To determine vitamin D regulation of prostatic epithelial differentiation, patient-derived benign prostate epithelial organoids were grown in vitamin D-deficient or -sufficient conditions. Organoids were assessed by phenotype and single-cell RNA sequencing. Mechanistic validation demonstrated that vitamin D sufficiency promoted organoid growth and accelerated differentiation by inhibiting canonical Wnt activity and suppressing Wnt family member DKK3. Wnt and DKK3 were also reduced by vitamin D in prostate tissue explants by spatial transcriptomics. Wnt dysregulation is a known contributor to aggressive prostate cancer, thus findings further link vitamin D deficiency to lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara McCray
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julian V. Pacheco
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Candice C. Loitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jason Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bethany Baumann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael J. Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Klara Valyi-Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael R. Abern
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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19
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Barrea L, Frias-Toral E, Pugliese G, Garcia-Velasquez E, DE Los Angeles Carignano M, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Vitamin D in obesity and obesity-related diseases: an overview. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:177-192. [PMID: 33213116 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D and obesity represent two pandemic conditions sometimes associated with each other. Although it is known that there is a close relationship between these two health problems, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism has not yet been fully clarified. In fact, on the one hand, obesity per se seems to involve low circulating levels of vitamin D due to low sun exposure, physical activity, and intake of foods rich in vitamin D, volumetric dilution and sequestration in the adipose tissue. Conversely, since preadipocytes and adipocytes express the receptors and are involved in the metabolism of vitamin D it would seem that low levels of this vitamin may be involved in adipogenesis and therefore in the development of obesity. This connection is extremely important when considering obesity-related diseases. In fact, low vitamin D levels and severe obesity are significantly associated with some cardio-metabolic risk factors, including high Body Mass Index, waist circumference, blood pressure, impaired lipid and glycemic profile and insulin resistance, as they would seem associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes and higher cancer incidence and mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the recent evidence linking low vitamin D status, obesity and obesity-related diseases, highlighting the scientific achievements and the gaps to be filled with further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy - .,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy -
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- SOLCA Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Savastano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
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20
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Beyene DA, Daremipouran MR, Apprey V, Naab T, Kassim OO, Copeland RL, Kanaan YM. The Association Between the Genetic VDR SNP c.907+75C>T and Prostate Cancer Risk Is Modified by Tanning Potential. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:739-745. [PMID: 33099475 PMCID: PMC7675656 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease involving complex interactions between genetic and physiological/environmental factors. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a role in numerous cellular pathways and it has been suggested that VDR genetic variants influence individual susceptibility to PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of six VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and factors such as tanning potential and UV sunlight exposure with PCa risk. RESULTS Marginal significant interactions were found, with a 2-fold increase risk of PCa between SNP 1 (c.278-69G>A) and sunlight UV exposure [odds ratio (OR)=2.02, 95% confidence intervaI (CI)=1.036-4.36; p=0.05]; and a 4-fold increase risk of PCa between SNP 4 (c.907+75C>T) and tanning potential (OR=4.40, 95% CI=0.89-29.12; p=0.0591). In contrast, SNP 5 (rs731236, TaqI) and tanning potential interaction had a protective effect by reducing the risk of PCa by 55% (β=-0.804; OR=0.448, 95% CI=0.197-9.42; p=0.0427). SNPs 2 (rs61614328) and 6 (rs533037428) did not show any association with PCa even in the presence of UV sunlight exposure. CONCLUSION The protective effect of SNP 4 from PCa is lost and modified by tanning potential in African Americans. This finding needs to be verified by larger studies in different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Apprey
- Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Tammey Naab
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Olakunle O Kassim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Robert L Copeland
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
| | - Yasmine M Kanaan
- Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
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21
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Blajszczak CC, Nonn L. Vitamin D regulates prostate cell metabolism via genomic and non-genomic mitochondrial redox-dependent mechanisms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105484. [PMID: 31574299 PMCID: PMC7040883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk for aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate epithelium has a unique metabolism compared to other tissues. Normal prostate exhibits low levels of mitochondrial respiration and there is a metabolic switch to increased oxidative phosphorylation in PCa. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the major circulating form of vitamin D and is used clinically to determine vitamin D status. Activation of 25(OH)D to the transcriptionally active form, 1,25(OH)2D occurs via a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction within the mitochondria that is catalyzed by the P450 enzyme, CYP27B1. We sought to determine if hydroxylation of 25(OH)D by CYP27B1 contributes to non-genomic activity of vitamin D by altering the redox-dependent state of the mitochondria in benign prostate epithelial cells. Exposure to 25(OH)D produced a transient pro-oxidant effect and change in mitochondrial membrane potential that was dependent on CYP27B1. Extended exposure ultimately suppressed mitochondrial respiration, consistent with a protective effect of 25(OH)D in supporting benign prostate metabolism. To model physiologically relevant changes in vitamin D, cells were cultured in constant 25(OH)D then changed to high or deficient concentrations. This model also incurred a biphasic effect with a pro-oxidant shift after short exposure followed by decreased respiration after 16 h. Several genes involved in redox cycling and Mitochondrial Health were regulated by 25(OH)D in these cells. These results indicate a secondary non-genomic mechanism for vitamin D to contribute to prostate cell health by supporting normal mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck C Blajszczak
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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22
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King Thomas J, Mir H, Kapur N, Singh S. Racial Differences in Immunological Landscape Modifiers Contributing to Disparity in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121857. [PMID: 31769418 PMCID: PMC6966521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer affects African Americans disproportionately by exhibiting greater incidence, rapid disease progression, and higher mortality when compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Additionally, standard treatment interventions do not achieve similar outcome in African Americans compared to Caucasian Americans, indicating differences in host factors contributing to racial disparity. African Americans have allelic variants and hyper-expression of genes that often lead to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, possibly contributing to more aggressive tumors and poorer disease and therapeutic outcomes than Caucasians. In this review, we have discussed race-specific differences in external factors impacting internal milieu, which modify immunological topography as well as contribute to disparity in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeronay King Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Hina Mir
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-756-5718; Fax: +1-404-752-1179
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23
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Xu S, Song J, Zhang ZH, Fu L, Gao L, Xie DD, Yu DX, Xu DX, Sun GP. The Vitamin D status is associated with serum C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16719. [PMID: 31723229 PMCID: PMC6853912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study investigated the association of vitamin D status with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and adhesion molecules among RCC patients. Fifty newly diagnosed RCC patients and 100 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. As expected, serum 25(OH)D level was lower in RCC patients than in controls. By contrast, serum levels of CRP, an inflammatory molecule, and ICAM, LAMA4 and EpCAM, three adhesion molecules, were higher in RCC patients than in controls. All RCC patients were divided into two groups: H-VitD (>20 ng/ml) or L-VitD (<20 ng/ml). Interestingly, the levels of serum CRP and all adhesion molecules were higher in RCC patients with L-VitD than those with H-VitD. Nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) was downregulated and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was activated in cancerous tissues. The in vitro experiments found that VitD3 suppressed NF-κB activation and adhesion molecules in RCC cells. Moreover, VitD3 suppressed NF-κB through reinforcing physical interaction between VDR and NF-κB p65 subunit in RCC cells. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for the association among low vitamin D status, local inflammation and increased expression of adhesion molecules among RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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24
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Body JJ, von Moos R, Niepel D, Tombal B. Hypocalcaemia in patients with prostate cancer treated with a bisphosphonate or denosumab: prevention supports treatment completion. BMC Urol 2018; 18:81. [PMID: 30236112 PMCID: PMC6148993 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with advanced prostate cancer develop bone metastases, which often result in painful and debilitating skeletal-related events. Inhibitors of bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, can each reduce the incidence of skeletal-related events and delay the progression of bone pain. However, these agents are associated with an increased risk of hypocalcaemia, which, although often mild and transient, can be serious and life-threatening. Here we provide practical advice on managing the risk of hypocalcaemia in patients with advanced prostate cancer who are receiving treatment with bone resorption inhibitors. Relevant references for this review were identified through searches of PubMed with the search terms ‘prostate cancer’, ‘bone-targeted agents’, ‘anti-resorptive agents’, ‘bisphosphonates’, ‘zoledronic acid’, ‘denosumab’, ‘hypocalcaemia’, and ‘hypocalcemia’. Additional references were suggested by the authors. Main text Among patients with advanced cancer receiving a bisphosphonate or denosumab, hypocalcaemia occurs most frequently in those with prostate cancer, although it can occur in patients with any tumour type. Consistent with its greater ability to inhibit bone resorption, denosumab has shown superiority in the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumours. Consequently, denosumab is more likely to induce hypocalcaemia than the bisphosphonates. Likewise, various bisphosphonates have differing potencies for the inhibition of bone resorption, and thus the risk of hypocalcaemia varies between different bisphosphonates. Other risk factors for the development of hypocalcaemia include the presence of osteoblastic metastases, vitamin D deficiency, and renal insufficiency. Hypocalcaemia can lead to treatment interruption, but it is both preventable and manageable. Serum calcium concentrations should be measured, and any pre-existing hypocalcaemia should be corrected, before starting treatment with inhibitors of bone resorption. Once treatment has started, concomitant administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements is essential. Calcium concentrations should be monitored during treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab, particularly in patients at high risk of hypocalcaemia. If hypocalcaemia is diagnosed, patients should receive treatment with calcium and vitamin D. Conclusion With preventative strategies and treatment, patients with prostate cancer who are at risk of, or who develop, hypocalcaemia should be able to continue to benefit from treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A.Van Gehuchten 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Roger von Moos
- Kantonsspital Graubünden, Loëstrasse 170, CH-7000, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Niepel
- Global Medical Affairs, Amgen (Europe) GmbH, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Tombal
- Institute of Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 50, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Nettey OS, Walker AJ, Keeter MK, Singal A, Nugooru A, Martin IK, Ruden M, Gogana P, Dixon MA, Osuma T, Hollowell CMP, Sharifi R, Sekosan M, Yang X, Catalona WJ, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Macias V, Kittles RA, Murphy AB. Self-reported Black race predicts significant prostate cancer independent of clinical setting and clinical and socioeconomic risk factors. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:501.e1-501.e8. [PMID: 30236853 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Studies have linked Black race to prostate cancer (CaP) risk but most fail to account for established risk factors such as 5-ARI use, prostate volume, socioeconomic status, and hospital setting. We assess whether Black race remains associated with CaP and Gleason ≥3 + 4 CaP, after adjusting for clinical setting and socioeconomic and clinical factors at prostate biopsy, with a focus on men aged 40-54 years, who may be excluded from current screening guidelines. METHODS We recruited 564 men age 40-79 undergoing initial prostate biopsy for abnormal PSA or digital rectal examination (DRE) from three publicly funded and two private hospitals from 2009-2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses examined the associations between hospital type, race, West African Ancestry (WAA), clinical, and sociodemographic risk factors with CaP diagnosis and Gleason ≥3 + 4 CaP. Given changes in CaP screening recommendations, we also assess the multivariate analyses for men aged 40-54. RESULTS Black and White men had similar age, BMI, and prostate volume. Black men had higher PSA (8.10 ng/mL vs. 5.63 ng/mL) and PSA density (0.22 ng/mL/cm3 vs. 0.15 ng/mL/cm3, all p < 0.001). Blacks had higher frequency of CaP (63.1% vs. 41.5%, p<0.001) and Gleason ≥3+4 CaP relative to Whites in both public (27.7% vs 11.6%, p<0.001) and private (48.4% vs 21.6%, p = 0.002) settings. In models adjusted for age, first degree family history, prostate volume, 5-ARI use, hospital type, income, marital and educational status, Black race was independently associated with overall CaP diagnosis (OR = 2.13, p = 0.002). There was a significant multiplicative interaction with Black race and abnormal DRE for Gleason ≥3 + 4 CaP (OR = 2.93, p = 0.01). WAA was not predictive of overall or significant CaP among Black men. Black race (OR = 5.66, p = 0.02) and family history (OR = 4.98, p = 0.01) were independently positively associated with overall CaP diagnosis for men aged 40 to 54. CONCLUSIONS Black race is independently associated with CaP and Gleason ≥3+4 CaP after accounting for clinical and socioeconomic risk factors including clinical setting and WAA, and has a higher odds ratio of CaP diagnosis in younger men. Further investigation into optimizing screening in Black men aged 40 to 54 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwarotimi S Nettey
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Austin J Walker
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary Kate Keeter
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ashima Singal
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Aishwarya Nugooru
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Iman K Martin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria Ruden
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Pooja Gogana
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael A Dixon
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Roohollah Sharifi
- Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Marin Sekosan
- Department of Pathology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, IL
| | - Ximing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - William J Catalona
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
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26
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Santucci KL, Baust JM, Snyder KK, Van Buskirk RG, Baust JG. Dose Escalation of Vitamin D 3 Yields Similar Cryosurgical Outcome to Single Dose Exposure in a Prostate Cancer Model. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818757418. [PMID: 29480024 PMCID: PMC5933822 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818757418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is an effective adjunctive agent, enhancing the destructive effects of freezing in prostate cancer cryoablation studies. We investigated whether dose escalation of VD3 over several weeks, to model the increase in physiological VD3 levels if an oral supplement were prescribed, would be as or more effective than a single treatment 1 to 2 days prior to freezing. PC-3 cells in log phase growth to model aggressive, highly metabolically active prostate cancer were exposed to a gradually increasing dose of VD3 to a final dose of 80 nM over a 4-week period, maintained for 2 weeks at 80 nM, and then exposed to mild sublethal freezing temperatures. Results demonstrate that both acute 24-hour exposure to 80 nM VD3 and dose escalation resulted in enhanced cell death following freezing at −15°C or colder, with no significant differences between the 2 exposure regimes. Apoptotic analysis within the initial 24-hour period postfreeze revealed that VD3 treatment induced both caspase 8- and 9-mediated cell death, most notably in caspase 8 at 8-hour postfreeze. These results indicate that both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved in VD3 sensitization prior to freezing. Additionally, both acute and gradual dose escalation regimes of VD3 exposure increase prostate cancer cell sensitivity to mild freezing. Importantly, this study expands upon previous reports and suggests that the combination of VD3 and freezing may offer an effective treatment for both slow growth and highly aggressive prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Santucci
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - John M Baust
- 2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - Kristi K Snyder
- 2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - Robert G Van Buskirk
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - John G Baust
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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27
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Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM, Albanes D. Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and Mortality: State of the Science, Gaps, and Challenges. Epidemiol Rev 2018; 39:28-48. [PMID: 28486651 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been substantial enthusiasm recently regarding the potential role of vitamin D in the primary and secondary prevention of cancer. Laboratory studies demonstrate a range of anticarcinogenic effects for vitamin D compounds, but human studies have yielded little consistent evidence supporting a protective association. Higher circulating levels of vitamin D (i.e., 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D) appear to be associated with reduced risk of colorectal and bladder malignancies, but higher risk of prostate and possibly pancreatic cancers, with no clear association for most other organ sites examined. Despite there being no official institutional recommendations regarding the use of vitamin D supplements for cancer prevention, screenings for vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplement use have increased substantially over the past decade. These widespread practices demonstrate that population sociobehavioral changes are often adopted before scientifically well-informed policies and recommendations are available. This review critically examines the currently available epidemiologic literature regarding the associations between circulating 25(OH)D, vitamin D supplementation, and vitamin D-related genetic variation and cancer risk and mortality, with a particular emphasis on prospective studies. We identify several important gaps in our scientific knowledge that should be addressed in order to provide sufficient reproducible data to inform evidence-based recommendations related to optimal 25(OH)D concentrations (and any role for vitamin D supplementation) for the primary and secondary prevention of cancer. With few exceptions, such recommendations cannot be made at this time.
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28
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Gao J, Wei W, Wang G, Zhou H, Fu Y, Liu N. Circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of prostate cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:95-104. [PMID: 29386901 PMCID: PMC5767091 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s149325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though many studies have been performed to elucidate the association between circulating vitamin D and prostate cancer, no conclusive result is available. We carried out a dose-response meta-analysis to quantitatively examine the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration with prostate cancer. Methods Only prospective studies examining the associations of circulating 25[OH]D concentration with prostate cancer were eligible for the meta-analysis. A random-effect meta-analysis was done first, to calculate the summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the higher concentration with the lower concentration of 25[OH]D. A dose-response meta-analysis using random-effects model was then carried out to evaluate the nonlinearity and calculate the summary RR caused per 10 ng/mL increment. Results Nineteen prospective cohort or nested case-control studies were included. Higher 25[OH]D concentration was significantly correlated with elevated risk of prostate cancer (RR =1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24). No nonlinear relationship was found between 25[OH]D concentration and risk of prostate cancer (P=0.654). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that the summary RR caused per 10 ng/mL increment in circulating 25[OH]D concentration was 1.04 (95% CI 1.02-1.06). Subgroup analysis also found a modest dose-response relationship. Funnel plot and Egger's test did not detect publication bias. Conclusion The findings suggest that highest 25[OH]D concentration is correlated with elevated risk of prostate cancer and a modest dose-response effect exists in this association; however, more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Weidner N, Woods JP, Conlon P, Meckling KA, Atkinson JL, Bayle J, Makowski AJ, Horst RL, Verbrugghe A. Influence of Various Factors on Circulating 25(OH) Vitamin D Concentrations in Dogs with Cancer and Healthy Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1796-1803. [PMID: 28941306 PMCID: PMC5697176 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low blood 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been associated with cancer in dogs. Little research has examined what other factors may affect 25(OH)D concentrations. Objectives (1) To determine whether the presence of cancer (lymphoma, osteosarcoma, or mast cell tumor [MCT]) in dogs is associated with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and (2) identify other factors related to plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs. Animals Dogs newly diagnosed with osteosarcoma (n = 21), lymphoma (n = 27), and MCT (n = 21) presented to a tertiary referral oncology center, and healthy, client‐owned dogs (n = 23). Methods An observational study design was used. Dietary vitamin D intake, sex, age, body condition score (BCS), muscle condition score (MCS), and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) (a marker of CYP24A1 activity), as well as ionized calcium (ICa), parathyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone‐related protein concentrations were measured. An analysis of covariance was used to model plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. Results Cancer type (P = 0.004), plasma 24,25(OH)2D concentrations (P < 0.001), and plasma ICa concentrations (P = 0.047) had significant effects on plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. Effects of age, sex, body weight, BCS, MCS, and plasma PTH concentrations were not identified. A significant interaction between ICa and cancer was found (P = 0.005). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased as ICa concentrations increased in dogs with cancer, whereas plasma 25(OH)D concentrations decreased as ICa concentrations increased in healthy dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results support a relationship between cancer and altered vitamin D metabolism in dogs, mediated by plasma ICa concentrations. The CYP24A1 activity and plasma ICa should be measured in studies examining plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Weidner
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J P Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P Conlon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K A Meckling
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J L Atkinson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Bayle
- Royal Canin Research Center, Aimargues, France
| | | | | | - A Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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30
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Layne TM, Weinstein SJ, Graubard BI, Ma X, Mayne ST, Albanes D. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, and prostate cancer risk in black men. Cancer 2017; 123:2698-2704. [PMID: 28369777 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have prospectively examined the relationship between vitamin D status and prostate cancer risk in black men, a group at high risk for both low vitamin D status and prostate cancer. METHODS Among black men in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, we identified 226 prostate cancer cases and 452 controls matched on age at randomization (±5 years), date of blood draw (±30 days), calendar year of cohort entry, and time since baseline prostate cancer screening (±1 year). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D binding protein (DBP), the 25(OH)D:DBP molar ratio, and prostate cancer risk. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with overall prostate cancer (Q4 vs Q1: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.40-1.33; P for trend = .25), although there were apparent inverse associations for nonaggressive disease (global P = .03, clinical stage I/II, and Gleason score <7) and among men ≥62 years old (P for interaction = .04) that were restricted to Q3. Interestingly, serum DBP was significantly inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (Q4 vs Q1: OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-1.00; P for trend = .03), whereas the 25(OH)D:DBP molar ratio was not. Results were similar when we mutually adjusted for 25(OH)D and DBP, and we found no evidence of interaction between the two. CONCLUSION Our study suggests higher (versus lower) circulating DBP may be independently associated with a decreased prostate cancer risk in black men independent of 25(OH)D status. Cancer 2017;123:2698-704. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Layne
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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31
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Murphy AB, Nyame YA, Batai K, Khan A, Gogana P, Dixon M, Macias V, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Hollowell CM, Catalona WJ, Kittles R. Does prostate volume correlate with vitamin D deficiency among men undergoing prostate biopsy? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:55-60. [PMID: 27725729 PMCID: PMC5303144 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies demonstrate vitamin D is inversely correlated with BPH and prostate cancer (PCa) incidence. We aim to clarify the associations of vitamin D with prostate volume. METHODS This is an observational study investigating the associations of serum PSA, PSA density and prostate volume with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) in PCa patients and men with negative biopsies seen in outpatient urology clinics in Chicago, IL, USA. There were 571 men (40-79 years old) with elevated PSA or abnormal digital rectal examination with available prostate volume recorded from initial biopsy. The primary outcomes were the unadjusted associations of serum 25-OH D deficiency with prostate volume. The secondary outcomes were the adjusted associations using linear and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS On univariate analysis, serum 25-OH D<20 ng ml-1 inversely correlated with prostate volume among all men undergoing transrectal ultrasonography (P=0.02), and this relationship remained significant for men with negative biopsy on stratified analysis. In adjusted models, controlling for age, serum PSA, 5-α reductase inhibitors use, obesity and PCa diagnosis, prostate volume was inversely associated with vitamin D (P<0.05) using serum vitamin D as a continuous and categorical variable. Logistic regression model also demonstrated an inverse association between vitamin D (continuous and categorical) and prostate volume ⩾40 grams. CONCLUSION Serum 25-OH D levels are inversely associated with overall prostate volume and enlarged prostate gland (⩾40 grams), especially in men with benign prostatic disease. Given the largely non-toxic effect of supplementation, consideration should be given to assessing vitamin D levels in men with benign prostatic disease in addition, to malignant prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ken Batai
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rick Kittles
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
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32
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Richards Z, Batai K, Farhat R, Shah E, Makowski A, Gann PH, Kittles R, Nonn L. Prostatic compensation of the vitamin D axis in African American men. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91054. [PMID: 28138564 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. African American (AA) men are disproportionately affected by both prostate cancer (PCa) and vitamin D deficiency compared with European American (EA) men. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to increased PCa aggressiveness and mortality. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the PCa disparity between AA and EA men. METHODS. We studied a cross sectional group of 60 PCa patients (AA, n = 31; EA, n = 29) who underwent radical prostatectomy. Vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were measured in the serum and tissue by uHPLC-MS-MS. Tissue was laser capture microdissected, and gene expression was quantified by microarray. DNA isolated from whole blood was genotyped for West African ancestry markers and vitamin D-related SNPs. RESULTS. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were lower in AAs, but concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D in the prostate tissue were higher compared with EAs. Expression of the vitamin D receptor was higher in prostate tissue from AAs. Expression of the extracellular receptor of vitamin D binding protein, LRP2, was positively associated with West African ancestry and inversely associated with tissue 25(OH)D concentrations in AAs. CONCLUSIONS. The relationships between vitamin D binding protein LRP2 and vitamin D metabolites suggest that the prohormone is actively transported into the prostate, followed by intraprostatic conversion to the active hormone, rather than passive diffusion. These findings support the presence of a compensatory response in prostate tissue to vitamin D deficiency in AAs and reveal a previously unknown complexity involving tissue distribution of vitamin D metabolites. FUNDING. Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program Idea Award for Disparities Research PC121923 (LN and RK) and the NIH 1R01MD007105 (RK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rachael Farhat
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ebony Shah
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Peter H Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rick Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Batai K, Murphy AB, Ruden M, Newsome J, Shah E, Dixon MA, Jacobs ET, Hollowell CMP, Ahaghotu C, Kittles RA. Race and BMI modify associations of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:64. [PMID: 28103838 PMCID: PMC5248493 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans have disproportionately higher burden of prostate cancer compared to European Americans. However, the cause of prostate cancer disparities is still unclear. Several roles have been proposed for calcium and vitamin D in prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression, but epidemiologic studies have been conducted mainly in European descent populations. Here we investigated the association of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer in multiethnic samples. METHODS A total of 1,657 prostate cancer patients who underwent screening and healthy controls (888 African Americans, 620 European Americans, 111 Hispanic Americans, and 38 others) from Chicago, IL and Washington, D.C. were included in this study. Calcium and vitamin D intake were evaluated using food frequency questionnaire. We performed unconditional logistic regression analyses adjusting for relevant variables. RESULTS In the pooled data set, high calcium intake was significantly associated with higher odds for aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 1.98, 95% C.I.: 1.01-3.91), while high vitamin D intake was associated with lower odds of aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.18-0.79). In African Americans, the association between high calcium intake and aggressive prostate cancer was statistically significant (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 4.28, 95% C.I.: 1.70-10.80). We also observed a strong inverse association between total vitamin D intake and prostate cancer in African Americans (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 0.06, 95% C.I.: 0.02-0.54). In European Americas, we did not observe any significant associations between either calcium or vitamin D intake and prostate cancer. In analyses stratifying participants based on Body Mass Index (BMI), we observed a strong positive association between calcium and aggressive prostate cancer and a strong inverse association between vitamin D intake and aggressive prostate cancer among men with low BMI (<27.8 kg/m2), but not among men with high BMI (≥27.8 kg/m2). Interactions of race and BMI with vitamin D intake were significant (P Interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Calcium intake was positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer, while vitamin D intake exhibited an inverse relationship. However, these associations varied by race/ethnicity and BMI. The findings from this study may help develop better prostate cancer prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maria Ruden
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 1020 N (MC 787), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer Newsome
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 914 S Wood Street (MC 595), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ebony Shah
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Michael A Dixon
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO Box 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Courtney M P Hollowell
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, 1900 W. Polk Ave., Suite 465, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chiledum Ahaghotu
- Carney Hospital-Steward Health System, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, 02124, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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Bhardwaj A, Srivastava SK, Khan MA, Prajapati VK, Singh S, Carter JE, Singh AP. Racial disparities in prostate cancer: a molecular perspective. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:772-782. [PMID: 27814645 DOI: 10.2741/4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are remarkably higher in African-American men as compared to their European-Americans counterparts. Despite these recognitions, precise causes underlying such prevalent racial disparities remain poorly understood. Although socioeconomic factors could account for such differences up to a certain extent, it is now being increasingly realized that such disparity has a molecular basis. Indeed, several differences, including genetic polymorphism, gene mutations, epigenetic modifications, miRNAs alterations, etc., have been reported in malignant prostate tissues from patients of diverse racial backgrounds. Here, we attempt to provide a molecular perspective on prostate cancer racial disparities by gathering available information on these associated factors and discussing their potential significance in disproportionate incidence and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Spring Hill Avenue, Mobile-36604-1405, Alabama, USA,
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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35
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Nelson SM, Batai K, Ahaghotu C, Agurs-Collins T, Kittles RA. Association between Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Aggressive Prostate Cancer in African American Men. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010012. [PMID: 28036013 PMCID: PMC5295056 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African American men have higher incidence rates of aggressive prostate cancer, where high levels of calcium and serum vitamin D deficient levels play a role in the racial differences in incidence. In this study, we examined associations of serum vitamin D with aggressive prostate cancer to improve our understanding of higher susceptibility of aggressive disease in this racial cohort. From Howard University Hospital, 155 African American men with clinically-identified prostate cancer were identified; 46 aggressive cases, and 58 non-aggressive cases. Serum vitamin D was assessed from fasting blood samples, and total calcium intake was assessed using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms from three different loci were genotyped; rs731236, rs1544410, and rs11568820. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing aggressive to non-aggressive prostate cancer. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) significantly increased risk of aggressive disease (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.03–9.57, p-value = 0.04). Stratification by total calcium showed high calcium levels (≥800 mg/day) modified this association (OR: 7.3, 95% CI: 2.15–47.68, p-interaction = 0.03). Genetic variant rs11568820 appeared to increase the magnitude of association between deficient serum vitamin D and aggressive prostate cancer (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.12–11.75, p-value = 0.05). These findings suggest that high incidence of aggressive prostate cancer risk in African American men may be due in-part to deficient levels of serum vitamin D. Other factors, including genetics, should be considered for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira M Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Fellow, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E402, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E402, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Chiledum Ahaghotu
- Chief Medical Officer, Carney Hospital-Steward Health Systems, Dorchester, MA 02124, USA.
| | - Tanya Agurs-Collins
- Health Behavior Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Studies, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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36
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Leach DA, Powell SM, Bevan CL. WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: New roles for nuclear receptors in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T85-T108. [PMID: 27645052 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has, for decades, been treated by inhibiting androgen signalling. This is effective in the majority of patients, but inevitably resistance develops and patients progress to life-threatening metastatic disease - hence the quest for new effective therapies for 'castrate-resistant' prostate cancer (CRPC). Studies into what pathways can drive tumour recurrence under these conditions has identified several other nuclear receptor signalling pathways as potential drivers or modulators of CRPC.The nuclear receptors constitute a large (48 members) superfamily of transcription factors sharing a common modular functional structure. Many of them are activated by the binding of small lipophilic molecules, making them potentially druggable. Even those for which no ligand exists or has yet been identified may be tractable to activity modulation by small molecules. Moreover, genomic studies have shown that in models of CRPC, other nuclear receptors can potentially drive similar transcriptional responses to the androgen receptor, while analysis of expression and sequencing databases shows disproportionately high mutation and copy number variation rates among the superfamily. Hence, the nuclear receptor superfamily is of intense interest in the drive to understand how prostate cancer recurs and how we may best treat such recurrent disease. This review aims to provide a snapshot of the current knowledge of the roles of different nuclear receptors in prostate cancer - a rapidly evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Leach
- Division of CancerImperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial, College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Sue M Powell
- Division of CancerImperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial, College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Division of CancerImperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial, College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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37
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Anic GM, Albanes D, Rohrmann S, Kanarek N, Nelson WG, Bradwin G, Rifai N, McGlynn KA, Platz EA, Mondul AM. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum sex steroid hormones among men in NHANES. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:258-66. [PMID: 26991691 PMCID: PMC4946966 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent literature suggests that high circulating vitamin D may increase prostate cancer risk. Although the mechanism through which vitamin D may increase risk is unknown, vitamin D concentration could influence circulating sex steroid hormones that may be associated with prostate cancer; an alternate explanation is that it could be associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration causing detection bias. OBJECTIVE We examined whether serum vitamin D concentration was associated with sex steroid hormone and PSA concentrations in a cross-sectional analysis of men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). DESIGN Testosterone, oestradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), androstanediol glucuronide, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in serum from men aged 20 and older participating in NHANES III (n = 1315) and NHANES 2001-2004 (n = 318). Hormone concentrations were compared across 25(OH)D quintiles, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body fat percentage, and smoking. PSA concentration was estimated by 25(OH)D quintile in 4013 men from NHANES 2001-2006. RESULTS In NHANES III, higher testosterone (quintile (Q) 1 = 17·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 16·1-18·6; Q5 = 19·6, 95% CI = 18·7-20·6 nmol/l, P-trend = 0·0002) and SHBG (Q1 = 33·8, 95% CI = 30·8-37·0; Q5 = 38·4, 95% CI = 35·8-41·2 nmol/l, P-trend = 0·0005) were observed with increasing 25(OH)D. Similar results were observed in NHANES 2001-2004. PSA concentration was not associated with serum 25(OH)D (P-trend = 0·34). CONCLUSION Results from these nationally representative studies support a positive association between serum 25(OH)D and testosterone and SHBG. The findings support an indirect mechanism through which vitamin D may increase prostate cancer risk, and suggest the link to prostate cancer is not due to PSA-detection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Anic
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norma Kanarek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Bradwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nader Rifai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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38
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Batai K, Kittles RA. Can vitamin D supplementation reduce prostate cancer disparities? Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1117-1120. [PMID: 27380910 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Hardiman G, Savage SJ, Hazard ES, Wilson RC, Courtney SM, Smith MT, Hollis BW, Halbert CH, Gattoni-Celli S. Systems analysis of the prostate transcriptome in African-American men compared with European-American men. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1129-1143. [PMID: 27359067 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM African-Americans (AA) have increased prostate cancer risk and a greater mortality rate than European-Americans (EA). AA exhibit a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. We examined the global prostate transcriptome in AA and EA, and the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation. PATIENTS & METHODS Twenty-seven male subjects (ten AA and 17 EA), slated to undergo prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Fourteen subjects received vitamin D3 (4000 IU daily) and 13 subjects received placebo for 2 months prior to surgery. RESULTS AA show higher expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammation. CONCLUSION Systems level analyses support the concept that Inflammatory processes may contribute to disease progression in AA. These transcripts can be modulated by a short course of vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine & Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen J Savage
- Department of Urology.,Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Library Science and Informatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sean M Courtney
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sebastiano Gattoni-Celli
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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The nomogram conundrum: a demonstration of why a prostate cancer risk model in Turkish men underestimates prostate cancer risk in the USA. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1623-9. [PMID: 27236298 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The utility of a nomogram is based on the patient population it is designed for-and their inherent properties and biases. Our aim was to demonstrate the variability in predictive model accuracy and utility between different populations. METHODS Our model is based on 761 men who underwent initial TRUS biopsy at a single institution in Turkey. Patients were included if they had at least 10 cores on biopsy and PSA level <20 ng/ml. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to develop a new nomogram. External validity was tested with two different cohorts one from another institution in Turkey (N = 136) and cohort from USA (N = 2242). RESULTS Prostate cancer (PCa) and high-grade PCa was diagnosed in 249/761 (32.7 %) and 101/761 (13.3 %) patients from Ankara, Turkey, respectively. Predictors of PCa were age (p < 0.0001, OR 2.11), PSA (p = 0.044, OR 1.44), PV (p < 0.0001, OR 0.38), %fPSA (p = 0.016, OR 0.72), and abnormal DRE (p < 0.0001, OR 2.05). The predictive accuracy (c-index) of our nomogram was 73 %. C-indices of 71 and 70 % were recorded in external validation cohorts from Turkey and the USA, respectively. Virtually ideal calibration was recorded for the internal validated predictive model, and good calibration was recorded when applied to the Istanbul cohort. However, the model/nomogram underestimates PCa risk in the US cohort. CONCLUSION This is the first nomogram predicting the risk of PCa at initial biopsy in a Turkish population and provides a good risk estimation tool with good predictive accuracy and calibration in the Turkish populations. However, our study demonstrates the poor transferability of predictive tools to widely different populations.
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Abstract
Vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, is the precursor to the active steroid hormone 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol; 1, 25(OH)2D3). The main physiological role for 1, 25(OH)2D3 is to regulate calcium and inorganic phosphate homeostasis for bone health. More recently, vitamin D has been investigated for its effects in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Preclinical data strongly support a role for vitamin D in the prevention of cancer through its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects on cells. Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown mixed data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and cancer risk. This report seeks to outline results from the most recent preclinical and clinical studies investigating the potential role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Ness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Grant WB, Karras SN, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Annweiler C, Boucher BJ, Juzeniene A, Garland CF, Holick MF. Do studies reporting 'U'-shaped serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D-health outcome relationships reflect adverse effects? DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 8:e1187349. [PMID: 27489574 PMCID: PMC4951179 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2016.1187349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several reports describe U-shaped 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration-health outcomes, including musculo-skeletal disorders such as falls and fractures, several cancers, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive function, all-cause mortality rates, birth outcomes, allergic reactions, frailty, and some other disorders. This paper reviews reports of U-shaped outcome associations with vitamin D status for evidence of underlying pathophysiological processes, or of confounding, finding that some U-shaped associations appear to be biologically meaningful, but that many could well reflect confounding by factors such as lifestyle, or hypovitaminosis D-related disease onset being masked by self-supplementation that was begun too late to correct developing health problems but before baseline vitamin D status assessment. However, the various U-shaped associations for allergic reactions may be due to vitamin D modulation of the phenotype of the immune response, shifting the Th1-Th2 balance toward Th2 formation. For prostate cancer, there seems to be little effect of 25(OH)D concentration on incidence; however, there is an inverse correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and mortality rates. Future observational studies, and randomized controlled trial data analyses, should include adjustment for data collected on prior long-term vitamin D supplementation and solar UVB exposure, as well as other potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center San Francisco , CA, USA
| | - Spyridon N Karras
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Cedric Annweiler
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, University Memory Clinic of Angers, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers , France
| | - Barbara J Boucher
- Honorary Professor, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London UK
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Biology , Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cedric F Garland
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Michael F Holick
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center , Boston, MA, USA
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Nielson CM, Jones KS, Chun RF, Jacobs JM, Wang Y, Hewison M, Adams JS, Swanson CM, Lee CG, Vanderschueren D, Pauwels S, Prentice A, Smith RD, Shi T, Gao Y, Schepmoes AA, Zmuda JM, Lapidus J, Cauley JA, Bouillon R, Schoenmakers I, Orwoll ES. Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: Impact of Vitamin D Binding Protein Assays on Racial-Genotypic Associations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2226-34. [PMID: 27007693 PMCID: PMC4870848 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is a marker of vitamin D status and is lower in African Americans than in whites. Whether this difference holds for free 25OHOD (f25OHD) is unclear, considering reported genetic-racial differences in vitamin D binding protein (DBP) used to calculate f25OHD. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess racial-geographic differences in f25OHD and to understand inconsistencies in racial associations with DBP and calculated f25OHD. DESIGN This study used a cross-sectional design. SETTING The general community in the United States, United Kingdom, and The Gambia were included in this study. PARTICIPANTS Men in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men and Medical Research Council studies (N = 1057) were included. EXPOSURES Total 25OHD concentration, race, and DBP (GC) genotype exposures were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Directly measured f25OHD, DBP assessed by proteomics, monoclonal and polyclonal immunoassays, and calculated f25OHD were the outcome measures. RESULTS Total 25OHD correlated strongly with directly measured f25OHD (Spearman r = 0.84). Measured by monoclonal assay, mean DBP in African-ancestry subjects was approximately 50% lower than in whites, whereas DBP measured by polyclonal DBP antibodies or proteomic methods was not lower in African-ancestry. Calculated f25OHD (using polyclonal DBP assays) correlated strongly with directly measured f25OHD (r = 0.80-0.83). Free 25OHD, measured or calculated from polyclonal DBP assays, reflected total 25OHD concentration irrespective of race and was lower in African Americans than in US whites. CONCLUSIONS Previously reported racial differences in DBP concentration are likely from monoclonal assay bias, as there was no racial difference in DBP concentration by other methods. This confirms the poor vitamin D status of many African-Americans and the utility of total 25OHD in assessing vitamin D in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rene F. Chun
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Ying Wang
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Martin Hewison
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - John S. Adams
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Christine M. Swanson
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Christine G. Lee
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Steven Pauwels
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Ann Prentice
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Tujin Shi
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Athena A. Schepmoes
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | | | | | | | - for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
- Bone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Serum Vitamin D is Not Helpful for Predicting Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Compared with the Prostate Health Index. J Urol 2016; 196:709-14. [PMID: 26976204 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the usefulness of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D as a marker of aggressive prostate cancer and for active surveillance compared to PHI (Prostate Health Index). MATERIALS AND METHODS Of 480 prospectively biopsied men 222 had prostate cancer and 258 had no evidence of malignancy. In all men prostate specific antigen was less than 20 ng/ml. We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D, prostate specific antigen, free prostate specific antigen and -2proPSA using a commercially available immunoassay system. PHI was calculated according to the equation, -2proPSA/free prostate specific antigen × √PSA. We determined 25-hydroxyvitamin D using a 2-step competitive binding immunoenzymatic vitamin D assay. RESULTS The 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not associated with Gleason grade according to the 2014 ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) consensus conference Gleason grading system. PHI values were higher with increasing Gleason grade. Median 25-hydroxyvitamin D did not differ between men with prostate cancer vs no evidence of malignancy (50.6 vs 48.2 nmol/l, p = 0.192) or in ISUP Gleason subgroups despite seasonal variations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. However, PHI values significantly differed between the subgroup with no evidence of malignancy and all Gleason subgroups (p <0.0001). The ROCs of all men revealed an advantage of PHI over 25-hydroxyvitamin D (AUC 0.78 vs 0.535, p <0.0001). PHI could also significantly better separate patients with no evidence of malignancy from those with nonaggressive disease (ISUP Gleason grade 1) from those with aggressive prostate cancer (ISUP Gleason grades 2-5). CONCLUSIONS It remains highly improbable that 25-hydroxyvitamin D could be used as decision or selection marker for aggressive prostate cancer or for active surveillance compared to accepted markers, as recently suggested.
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Nyame YA, Murphy AB, Bowen DK, Jordan G, Batai K, Dixon M, Hollowell CMP, Kielb S, Meeks JJ, Gann PH, Macias V, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Catalona WJ, Kittles R. Associations Between Serum Vitamin D and Adverse Pathology in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:1345-9. [PMID: 26903577 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.65.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower serum vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Among men with localized prostate cancer, especially with low- or intermediate-risk disease, vitamin D may serve as an important biomarker of disease aggression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adverse pathology at the time of radical prostatectomy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2014, nested within a large epidemiologic study of 1,760 healthy controls and men undergoing prostate cancer screening. In total, 190 men underwent radical prostatectomy in the cohort. Adverse pathology was defined as the presence of primary Gleason 4 or any Gleason 5 disease, or extraprostatic extension. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between 25-OH D and adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy. RESULTS Eighty-seven men (45.8%) in this cohort demonstrated adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy. The median age in the cohort was 64.0 years (interquartile range, 59.0 to 67.0). On univariate analysis, men with adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy demonstrated lower median serum 25-OH D (22.7 v 27.0 ng/mL, P = .007) compared with their counterparts. On multivariate analysis, controlling for age, serum prostate specific antigen, and abnormal digital rectal examination, serum 25-OH D less than 30 ng/mL was associated with increased odds of adverse pathology (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.25 to 5.59; P = .01). CONCLUSION Insufficiency/deficiency of serum 25-OH D is associated with increased odds of adverse pathology in men with localized disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum 25-OH D may serve as a useful biomarker in prostate cancer aggressiveness, which deserves continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw A Nyame
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
| | - Diana K Bowen
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Gregory Jordan
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ken Batai
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Michael Dixon
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Courtney M P Hollowell
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Stephanie Kielb
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Peter H Gann
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - William J Catalona
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Rick Kittles
- Yaw A. Nyame, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Adam B. Murphy, Diana K. Bowen, Gregory Jordan, Michael Dixon, Stephanie Kielb, Joshua J. Meeks, and William J. Catalona, Northwestern University, Chicago; Courtney M.P. Hollowell, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Peter H. Gann, Virgilia Macias, and Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and Ken Batai and Rick Kittles, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Batai K, Murphy AB, Nonn L, Kittles RA. Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans. Front Immunol 2016; 7:53. [PMID: 26941739 PMCID: PMC4761841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and mortality rate compared to European American (EA) men, but the cause of PCa disparities is still unclear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with advanced stage and higher tumor grade and mortality, while its association with overall PCa risk is inconsistent. Vitamin D deficiency is also more common in AAs than EAs, and the difference in serum vitamin D levels may help explain the PCa disparities. However, the role of vitamin D in aggressive PCa in AAs is not well explored. Studies demonstrated that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has anti-inflammatory effects by mediating immune-related gene expression in prostate tissue. Inflammation also plays an important role in PCa pathogenesis and progression, and expression of immune-related genes in PCa tissues differs significantly between AAs and EAs. Unfortunately, the evidence linking vitamin D and immune response in relation to PCa is still scarce. This relationship should be further explored at a genomic level in AA populations that are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and fatal PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 alleviates salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma progression by suppressing GPX1 expression through the NF-κB pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1271-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Paller CJ, Kanaan YM, Beyene DA, Naab TJ, Copeland RL, Tsai HL, Kanarek NF, Hudson TS. Risk of prostate cancer in African-American men: Evidence of mixed effects of dietary quercetin by serum vitamin D status. Prostate 2015; 75:1376-83. [PMID: 26047130 PMCID: PMC4536082 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American (AA) men experience higher rates of prostate cancer (PCa) and vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than white men. VitD is promoted for PCa prevention, but there is conflicting data on the association between vitD and PCa. We examined the association between serum vitD and dietary quercetin and their interaction with PCa risk in AA men. METHODS Participants included 90 AA men with PCa undergoing treatment at Howard University Hospital (HUH) and 62 controls participating in HUH's free PCa screening program. We measured serum 25-hydroxy vitD [25(OH)D] and used the 98.2 item Block Brief 2000 Food Frequency Questionnaires to measure dietary intake of quercetin and other nutrients. Case and control groups were compared using a two-sample t-test for continuous risk factors and a Fisher exact test for categorical factors. Associations between risk factors and PCa risk were examined via age-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS Interaction effects of dietary quercetin and serum vitD on PCa status were observed. AA men (age 40-70) with normal levels of serum vitD (>30 ng/ml) had a 71% lower risk of PCa compared to AA men with vitD deficiency (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.08-1.03; P = 0.055). In individuals with vitD deficiency, increased dietary quercetin showed a tendency toward lower risk of PCa (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.82-1.00; P = 0.054, age-adjusted) while men with normal vitD were at elevated risk (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.45). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AA men who are at a higher risk of PCa may benefit more from vitD intake, and supplementation with dietary quercetin may increase the risk of PCa in AA men with normal vitD levels. Further studies with larger populations are needed to better understand the impact of the interaction between sera vitD levels and supplementation with quercetin on PCa in AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Paller
- Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Y M Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - D A Beyene
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - T J Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - R L Copeland
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - H L Tsai
- Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N F Kanarek
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T S Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer for those with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level or abnormal digital rectal examination. Vitamin D deficiency is also associated with aggressive prostate cancer. Vitamin D level could be added as an additional factor to consider before ordering a biopsy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(9); 2241-3. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Author's Affiliation: Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, California
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50
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Steck SE, Arab L, Zhang H, Bensen JT, Fontham ETH, Johnson CS, Mohler JL, Smith GJ, Su JL, Trump DL, Woloszynska-Read A. Association between Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Ancestry and Aggressive Prostate Cancer among African Americans and European Americans in PCaP. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125151. [PMID: 25919866 PMCID: PMC4412567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans (AAs) have lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentrations and higher prostate cancer (CaP) aggressiveness than other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between plasma 25(OH)D3, African ancestry and CaP aggressiveness among AAs and European Americans (EAs). METHODS Plasma 25(OH)D3 was measured using LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry) in 537 AA and 663 EA newly-diagnosed CaP patients from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) classified as having either 'high' or 'low' aggressive disease based on clinical stage, Gleason grade and prostate specific antigen at diagnosis. Mean plasma 25(OH)D3 concentrations were compared by proportion of African ancestry. Logistic regression was used to calculate multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for high aggressive CaP by tertile of plasma 25(OH)D3. RESULTS AAs with highest percent African ancestry (>95%) had the lowest mean plasma 25(OH)D3 concentrations. Overall, plasma 25(OH)D3 was associated positively with aggressiveness among AA men, an association that was modified by calcium intake (ORT 3vs.T1: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.26-3.95 among men with low calcium intake, and ORT 3vs.T1: 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05-0.70 among men with high calcium intake). Among EAs, the point estimates of the ORs were <1.0 for the upper tertiles with CIs that included the null. CONCLUSIONS Among AAs, plasma 25(OH)D3 was associated positively with CaP aggressiveness among men with low calcium intake and inversely among men with high calcium intake. The clinical significance of circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and interactions with calcium intake in the AA population warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth T. H. Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Candace S. Johnson
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - James L. Mohler
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Smith
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Su
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Trump
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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