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Le MK, Oishi N, Mochizuki K, Kondo T. Immunohistochemical detection of cancer genetic abnormalities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155109. [PMID: 38340581 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
New applications of immunohistochemistry (IHC) expand rapidly due to the development of molecular analyses and an increased understanding of molecular biology. IHC becomes much more important as a screening or even a confirmatory test for molecular changes in cancer. The past decades have witnessed the release of many immunohistochemical markers of the new generation. The novel markers have extensively high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of genetic abnormalities. In addition to diagnostic utility, IHC has been validated to be a practical tool in terms of treatments, especially molecular targeted therapy. In this review, we first describe the common alterations of protein IHC staining in human cancer: overexpression, underexpression, or loss of expression and altered staining pattern. Next, we examine the relationship between staining patterns and genetic aberrations regarding both conventional and novel IHC markers. We also mention current mutant-specific and fusion-specific antibodies and their concordance with molecular techniques. We then describe the basic molecular mechanisms from genetic events to corresponding protein expression patterns (membranous, cytoplasmic, or nuclear patterns). Finally, we shortly discuss the applications of immunohistochemistry in molecular targeted therapy. IHC markers can serve as a complementary or companion diagnostic test to provide valuable information for targeted therapy. Moreover, immunohistochemistry is also crucial as a companion diagnostic test in immunotherapy. The increased number of IHC novel antibodies is broadening its application in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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2
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Liu J, Wu Y, Meng S, Xu P, Li S, Li Y, Hu X, Ouyang L, Wang G. Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:22. [PMID: 38262996 PMCID: PMC10807193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or non-selective depending on the way it chooses to degrade substrates. During the process of selective autophagy, damaged and/or redundant organelles like mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes, and lipid droplets are selectively recycled. Specific cargo is delivered to autophagosomes by specific receptors, isolated and engulfed. Selective autophagy dysfunction is closely linked with cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Through reviewing latest research, this review summarized molecular markers and important signaling pathways for selective autophagy, and its significant role in cancers. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for their potential application in anti-tumor therapy, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to supply important scientific references and development directions for the biological mechanisms and drug discovery of anti-tumor targeting selective autophagy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Liu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sha Meng
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Emergency Department, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3
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Nishio J, Nakayama S. Biology and Management of High-Grade Myxofibrosarcoma: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3022. [PMID: 37835765 PMCID: PMC10572210 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is one of the most common adult soft tissue sarcomas, typically arising in the extremities. Histologically, MFS is classified into three grades: low, intermediate, and high. Histological grades correlate with distant metastases and tumor-associated mortality. The diagnosis of MFS is challenging due to a lack of well-characterized immunohistochemical markers. High-grade MFS displays highly complex karyotypes with multiple copy number alterations. Recent integrated genomic studies have shown the predominance of somatic copy number aberrations. However, the molecular pathogenesis of high-grade MFS remains poorly understood. The standard treatment for localized MFS is surgical resection. The systemic treatment options for advanced disease are limited. This review provides an updated overview of the clinical and imaging features, pathogenesis, histopathology, and treatment of high-grade MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishio
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Shizuhide Nakayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
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4
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Mojanaga OO, Acharya KR, Lloyd MD. Recombinant protein production for structural and kinetic studies: A case study using M. tuberculosis α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (MCR). Methods Enzymol 2023; 690:1-37. [PMID: 37858526 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Modern drug discovery is a target-driven approach in which a particular protein such as an enzyme is implicated in the disease process. Commonly, small-molecule drugs are identified using screening, rational design, and structural biology approaches. Drug screening, testing and optimization is typically conducted in vitro, and copious amounts of protein are required. The advent of recombinant DNA technologies has resulted in a rise in proteins purified by affinity techniques, typically by incorporating an "affinity tag" at the N- or C-terminus. Use of these tagged proteins and affinity techniques comes with a host of issues. This chapter describes the production of an untagged enzyme, α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (MCR) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a recombinant E. coli system. Purification of the enzyme on a 100 mg scale using tandem anion-exchange chromatographies (DEAE-sepharose and RESOURCE-Q columns), and size-exclusion chromatographies is described. A modified protocol allowing the purification of cationic proteins is also described, based on tandem cation-exchange chromatographies (using CM-sepharose and RESOURCE-S columns) and size-exclusion chromatographies. The resulting MCR protein is suitable for biochemical and structural biology applications. The described protocols have wide applicability to the purification of other recombinant proteins and enzymes without using affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otsile O Mojanaga
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew D Lloyd
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.
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5
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Thiel JT, Daigeler A, Kolbenschlag J, Rachunek K, Hoffmann S. The Role of CDK Pathway Dysregulation and Its Therapeutic Potential in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3380. [PMID: 35884441 PMCID: PMC9323700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are tumors that are challenging to treat due to their pathologic and molecular heterogeneity and their tumor biology that is not yet fully understood. Recent research indicates that dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling pathways can be a strong driver of sarcogenesis. CDKs are enzyme forms that play a crucial role in cell-cycle control and transcription. They belong to the protein kinases group and to the serine/threonine kinases subgroup. Recently identified CDK/cyclin complexes and established CDK/cyclin complexes that regulate the cell cycle are involved in the regulation of gene expression through phosphorylation of critical components of transcription and pre-mRNA processing mechanisms. The current and continually growing body of data shows that CDKs play a decisive role in tumor development and are involved in the proliferation and growth of sarcoma cells. Since the abnormal expression or activation of large numbers of CDKs is considered to be characteristic of cancer development and progression, dysregulation of the CDK signaling pathways occurs in many subtypes of STSs. This review discusses how reversal and regulation can be achieved with new therapeutics and summarizes the current evidence from studies regarding CDK modulation for STS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tobias Thiel
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.D.); (J.K.); (K.R.); (S.H.)
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6
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Pauli C, De Boni L, Pauwels JE, Chen Y, Planas-Paz L, Shaw R, Emerling BM, Grandori C, Hopkins BD, Rubin MA. A Functional Precision Oncology Approach to Identify Treatment Strategies for Myxofibrosarcoma Patients. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:244-252. [PMID: 34728552 PMCID: PMC8900059 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this era of precision medicine, numerous workflows for the targeting of high-recurrent mutations in common tumor types have been developed, leaving patients with rare diseases with few options. Here, we implement a functional precision oncology approach utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling in combination with high-throughput drug screening, to identify tumor-specific drug sensitivities for patients with rare tumor types such as myxofibrosarcoma. From a patient with a high-grade myxofibrosarcoma, who was enrolled in the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine (EIPM) program, we established patient-derived 3D sarco-spheres and xenograft models for functional testing. In the absence of a large cohort of clinically similar cases, high-throughput drug screening was performed on the patient-derived cells, and compared with two other myxofibrosarcoma lines and a benign fibroblast line to functionally identify tumor-specific drug sensitivities. The addition of functional drug sensitivity testing to complement genomic profiling identified multiple therapeutic options that were further validated in patient derived xenograft models. Genomic analyses detected the frequently known codeletion of the tumor suppressors CDKN2A/B together with the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) and a TP53 E286fs*50 mutation. High-throughput drug screening demonstrated tumor-specific sensitivity to compounds targeting the cell cycle. Based on genomic analysis and high-throughput drug screening, we show that targeting the cell cycle in these tumors is a powerful approach. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates the potential of functional testing to aid clinical decision making for patients with rare or molecularly complex malignancies when combined with comprehensive genomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Pauli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lamberto De Boni
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan E Pauwels
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital. New York, New York
| | - Yanjiang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Planas-Paz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reid Shaw
- SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brooke M Emerling
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Benjamin D Hopkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital. New York, New York
- Department for BioMedical Research, Bern, Switzerland
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Tsuchiya R, Yoshimatsu Y, Noguchi R, Sin Y, Ono T, Akiyama T, Sugaya J, Kobayashi E, Kojima N, Yoshida A, Ohtori S, Kawai A, Kondo T. Establishment and Characterization of NCC-MFS5-C1: A Novel Patient-Derived Cell Line of Myxofibrosarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:207. [PMID: 35053323 PMCID: PMC8773631 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a highly aggressive malignancy with complex karyotypes and a postoperative recurrence tendency, owing to its strong invasiveness. Although systemic chemotherapy is considered in patients with unresectable MFS, the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy is hitherto unclear. Recently, drug screening analysis using a large number of tumor cell lines has been attempted to discover novel therapeutic candidate drugs for common cancers. However, the number of MFS cell lines is extremely small because of its low incidence-this hinders the conduction of screening studies and slows down the development of therapeutic drugs. To overcome this problem, we established a novel MFS cell line, NCC-MFS5-C1, which was shown to harbor typical MFS genetic abnormalities and thus had useful properties for in vitro studies. We conducted the largest integrated screening analysis of 210 drugs using NCC-MFS5-C1 cells along with four MFS cell lines, which we previously reported. Bortezomib (a proteasome inhibitor) and romidepsin (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) showed stronger antitumor effects than the standard drug, doxorubicin. Therefore, the NCC-MFS5-C1 cell line can potentially contribute to elucidating MFS pathogenesis and developing a novel MFS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.Y.); (R.N.); (Y.S.); (T.O.); (T.A.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.Y.); (R.N.); (Y.S.); (T.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.Y.); (R.N.); (Y.S.); (T.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Yooksil Sin
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.Y.); (R.N.); (Y.S.); (T.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Takuya Ono
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.Y.); (R.N.); (Y.S.); (T.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Taro Akiyama
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.Y.); (R.N.); (Y.S.); (T.O.); (T.A.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Jun Sugaya
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.S.); (E.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.S.); (E.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Naoki Kojima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (N.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (N.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.S.); (E.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.Y.); (R.N.); (Y.S.); (T.O.); (T.A.)
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8
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Waløen K, Jung-Kc K, Vecchia ED, Pandey S, Gasparik N, Døskeland A, Patil S, Kleppe R, Hritz J, Norton WHJ, Martinez A, Haavik J. Cysteine Modification by Ebselen Reduces the Stability and Cellular Levels of 14-3-3 Proteins. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:155-169. [PMID: 34031189 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins constitute a family of adaptor proteins with many binding partners and biological functions, and they are considered promising drug targets in cancer and neuropsychiatry. By screening 1280 small-molecule drugs using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), we found 15 compounds that decreased the thermal stability of 14-3-3ζ Among these compounds, ebselen was identified as a covalent, destabilizing ligand of 14-3-3 isoforms ζ, ε, γ, and η Ebselen bonding decreased 14-3-3ζ binding to its partner Ser19-phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase. Characterization of site-directed mutants at cysteine residues in 14-3-3ζ (C25, C94, and C189) by DSF and mass spectroscopy revealed covalent modification by ebselen of all cysteines through a selenylsulfide bond. C25 appeared to be the preferential site of ebselen interaction in vitro, whereas modification of C94 was the main determinant for protein destabilization. At therapeutically relevant concentrations, ebselen and ebselen oxide caused decreased 14-3-3 levels in SH-SY5Y cells, accompanied with an increased degradation, most probably by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. Moreover, ebselen-treated zebrafish displayed decreased brain 14-3-3 content, a freezing phenotype, and reduced mobility, resembling the effects of lithium, consistent with its proposed action as a safer lithium-mimetic drug. Ebselen has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate in several medical areas, such as cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders, and infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019. Its pleiotropic actions are attributed to antioxidant effects and formation of selenosulfides with critical cysteine residues in proteins. Our work indicates that a destabilization of 14-3-3 may affect the protein interaction networks of this protein family, contributing to the therapeutic potential of ebselen. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There is currently great interest in the repurposing of established drugs for new indications and therapeutic targets. This study shows that ebselen, which is a promising drug candidate against cancer, bipolar disorder, and the viral infection coronavirus disease 2019, covalently bonds to cysteine residues in 14-3-3 adaptor proteins, triggering destabilization and increased degradation in cells and intact brain tissue when used in therapeutic concentrations, potentially explaining the behavioral, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Waløen
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kunwar Jung-Kc
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisa D Vecchia
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sunil Pandey
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Norbert Gasparik
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Døskeland
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jozef Hritz
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine (K.W., K.J.K.C., S.Pan., A.D., S.Pat., A.M., J.Ha.), Proteomics Unit (PROBE), (A.D.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (E.D.V., W.H.J.N.); CEITEC-MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (N.G., J.Hr.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic and Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine (R.K.), Division of Psychiatry (J.Ha.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Fu P, Bu C, Cui B, Li N, Wu J. Screening of differentially expressed genes and identification of AMACR as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14067. [PMID: 33861880 DOI: 10.1111/and.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer found in male over the world, was estimated to have 191,930 new cases and 33,330 deaths in 2020 in the United States. Prostate cancer is very common in male, about 12.1% of men will acquire this cancer in their lifetime, and a higher risk was reported in older men and African American men. Gene deregulations have been found to be extensively associated with cancer development. To gain further insight into how gene deregulation affects prostate cancer, we analysed three gene profiling datasets of prostate cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) applying bioinformatic tools in our study. Firstly, we identified common differently expressed genes (DEGs) shared by the three gene profiling datasets, constructed protein-protein interaction network and determined top 10 hub genes. Further DEGs validation in TCGA and Human Protein Atlas Database identified AMACR as the core gene. We then analysed the role of AMACR in prostate cancer cell lines and found that AMACR-knockdown resulted in the decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These results suggest an oncogenic role of AMACR in prostate cancer, and it could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, China
| | - Chunying Bu
- Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, China
| | - Jifeng Wu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, China
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10
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Miller DR, Thorburn A. Autophagy and organelle homeostasis in cancer. Dev Cell 2021; 56:906-918. [PMID: 33689692 PMCID: PMC8026727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with the earliest studies of autophagy in cancer, there have been indications that autophagy can both promote and inhibit cancer growth and progression; autophagy regulation of organelle homeostasis is similarly complicated. In this review we discuss pro- and antitumor effects of organelle-targeted autophagy and how this contributes to several hallmarks of cancer, such as evading cell death, genomic instability, and altered metabolism. Typically, the removal of damaged or dysfunctional organelles prevents tumor development but can also aid in proliferation or drug resistance in established tumors. By better understanding how organelle-specific autophagy takes place and can be manipulated, it may be possible to go beyond the brute-force approach of trying to manipulate all autophagy in order to improve therapeutic targeting of this process in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannah R Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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11
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Li CF, Chan TC, Wang CI, Fang FM, Lin PC, Yu SC, Huang HY. RSF1 requires CEBP/β and hSNF2H to promote IL-1β-mediated angiogenesis: the clinical and therapeutic relevance of RSF1 overexpression and amplification in myxofibrosarcomas. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:533-548. [PMID: 33496909 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma is genetically complex and lacks effective nonsurgical treatment strategies; thus, elucidation of novel molecular drivers is urgently needed. Reanalyzing public myxofibrosarcoma datasets, we identified mRNA upregulation and recurrent gain of RSF1 and characterized this chromatin remodeling gene. Myxofibrosarcoma cell lines were employed to elucidate the oncogenic mechanisms of RSF1 by genetic manipulation and two IL-1β-neutralizing antibodies (RD24, P2D7KK), highlighting the regulatory basis and targetability of downstream IL-1β-mediated angiogenesis. Tumor samples were assessed for RSF1, IL-1β, and microvascular density (MVD) by immunohistochemistry and for RSF1 gene status by FISH. In vivo, RSF1-silenced and P2D7KK-treated xenografts were analyzed for tumor-promoting effects and the IL-1β-linked therapeutic relevance of RSF1, respectively. In vitro, RSF1 overexpression promoted invasive and angiogenic phenotypes with a stronger proangiogenic effect. RT-PCR profiling identified IL1B as a top-ranking candidate upregulated by RSF1. RSF1 required hSNF2H and CEBP/β to cotransactivate the IL1B promoter, which increased the IL1B mRNA level, IL-1β secretion and angiogenic capacity. Angiogenesis induced by RSF1-upregulated IL-1β was counteracted by IL1B knockdown and both IL-1β-neutralizing antibodies. Clinically, RSF1 overexpression was highly associated with RSF1 amplification, IL-1β overexpression, increased MVD and higher grades (all P ≤ 0.01) and independently predicted shorter disease-specific survival (P = 0.019, hazard ratio: 4.556). In vivo, both RSF1 knockdown and anti-IL-1β P2D7KK (200 μg twice weekly) enabled significant growth inhibition and devascularization in xenografts. In conclusion, RSF1 overexpression, partly attributable to RSF1 amplification, contributes a novel proangiogenic function by partnering with CEBP/β to cotransactivate IL1B, highlighting its prognostic, pathogenetic, and therapeutic relevance in myxofibrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chen Chan
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fu-Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Yu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta-Pei Rd., Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta-Pei Rd., Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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OSmfs: An Online Interactive Tool to Evaluate Prognostic Markers for Myxofibrosarcoma. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121523. [PMID: 33352742 PMCID: PMC7766036 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma is a complex genetic disease with poor prognosis. However, more effective biomarkers that forebode poor prognosis in Myxofibrosarcoma remain to be determined. Herein, utilizing gene expression profiling data and clinical follow-up data of Myxofibrosarcoma cases in three independent cohorts with a total of 128 Myxofibrosarcoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we constructed an easy-to-use web tool, named Online consensus Survival analysis for Myxofibrosarcoma (OSmfs) to analyze the prognostic value of certain genes. Through retrieving the database, users generate a Kaplan–Meier plot with log-rank test and hazard ratio (HR) to assess prognostic-related genes or discover novel Myxofibrosarcoma prognostic biomarkers. The effectiveness and availability of OSmfs were validated using genes in ever reports predicting the prognosis of Myxofibrosarcoma patients. Furthermore, utilizing the cox analysis data and transcriptome data establishing OSmfs, seven genes were selected and considered as more potentially prognostic biomarkers through overlapping and ROC analysis. In conclusion, OSmfs is a promising web tool to evaluate the prognostic potency and reliability of genes in Myxofibrosarcoma, which may significantly contribute to the enrichment of novelly potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for Myxofibrosarcoma.
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13
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal function is central to fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Human disorders caused by genetic mutations in peroxisome genes have led to extensive studies on peroxisome biology. Peroxisomal defects are linked to metabolic dysregulation in diverse human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and age-related disorders, revealing the significance of peroxisome metabolism in human health. Cancer is a disease with metabolic aberrations. Despite the critical role of peroxisomes in cell metabolism, the functional effects of peroxisomes in cancer are not as well recognized as those of other metabolic organelles, such as mitochondria. In addition, the significance of peroxisomes in cancer is less appreciated than it is in degenerative diseases. In this review, I summarize the metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and the dysregulation of peroxisome metabolism in cancer. In addition, I discuss the potential of inactivating peroxisomes to target cancer metabolism, which may pave the way for more effective cancer treatment.
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14
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Nóbrega MD, Cilião HL, Souza MFD, Souza MRD, Serpeloni JM, Fuganti PE, Cólus IMDS. Association of polymorphisms of PTEN, AKT1, PI3K, AR, and AMACR genes in patients with prostate cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180329. [PMID: 32484847 PMCID: PMC7271063 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic variants in the PTEN (rs2735343), PI3K (rs2699887), AKT1 (rs2494750), AR (rs17302090), and AMACR (rs3195676) genes were evaluated as possible molecular markers of susceptibility, prognosis, and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), in a case-control study. Samples consisted of 277 patients with PCa and 277 controls from Londrina, PR, Brazil. SNPs were analyzed by real-time PCR. A family history of cancer, including PCa, as well as level of schooling were risk factors for PCa. The data were obtained via logistic regression, using odds ratios with a CI 95%. The genotypes of AKT1 and AKT1+AR demonstrated an association with protection for the disease. The combination of SNPs with the histopathological tumor data between allele variants of AMACR, AKT1+AR, and AKT1+AMACR indicated an association with protection against seminal vesicle invasion. The polymorphisms AKT1+AR and PI3K+AR were associated with protection against tumor bilaterality. The genotype combinations PTEN+AMACR and PTEN+AR were associated with the risk of extracapsular extension. Of the five genes studied, two were associated with protection for PCa, four were associated with protection for some prognostic variables, and only one was associated with risk. Thus, these SNPs are candidates for markers to discriminate men with better or worse prognosis for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monyse de Nóbrega
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Lizotti Cilião
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Milene Roldão de Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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15
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Sambri A, De Paolis M, Spinnato P, Donati DM, Bianchi G. The Biology of Myxofibrosarcoma: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 43:314-322. [PMID: 32450554 DOI: 10.1159/000507334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is among the most highly complex sarcoma types. Molecular cytogenetic studies have identified a high level of genomic complexity. SUMMARY This review provides an update of the current research related to MFS, with particular emphasis on emerging mechanisms of tumorigenesis and their potential therapeutic impact. Many novel possible molecular markers have been identified, not only for prognostication in MFS, but also to serve as possible therapeutic targets, and thereby improve clinical outcomes. However, the molecular pathogenesis of MFS remains incompletely understood. Key Messages: Patients suffering from advanced MFS might benefit from expanded molecular evaluation in order to detect specific expression profiles and identify drug-able targets. Moreover, immunotherapy represents an intriguingly perspective due to the presence of "T-cell inflamed" tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sambri
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy, .,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
| | | | | | - Davide Maria Donati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Xie H, Nie L, Zhang M, Su Z, Chen X, Xu M, Gong J, Chen N, Zhou Q. Suppression of α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase by miR200c inhibits prostate adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1806-1816. [PMID: 32104236 PMCID: PMC7027128 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase (AMACR/P504S) is a major abnormality that has been observed in prostate cancer, whereas microRNA (miRNA/miR) 200c, is downregulated. The aim of the present study was to explore whether miR200c was able to exert any regulatory effects on AMACR. To meet this aim, bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify potential binding sites for miR200c in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of AMACR. Recombinant adenoviral and dual reporter gene assays were designed to examine the binding of miR200c to the potential seed sequences in the AMACR 3′-UTR. Conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, RT-quantitative (q)PCR and western blotting were also used to examine the regulatory effects of miR200c on AMACR at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to investigate the biological effects of miR200c-AMACR deregulation on prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. It was revealed that miR200c post-transcriptionally suppressed AMACR expression by interacting with the 90–97 nucleotide sequence of the AMACR mRNA 3′-UTR. Artificial overexpression of miR200c significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of AMACR in DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of AMACR by RNA interference, or overexpression of miR200c by recombinant adenoviral Ad-miR200c, inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed that miR200c may suppress the AMACR expression level post-transcriptionally. The results also indicate that perturbation of the miR200c-AMACR regulatory mechanism may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis and that this may be exploited in future therapeutic approaches to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Xie
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Nie
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mengni Zhang
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Su
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Miao Xu
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gong
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ni Chen
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Pathology Department and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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17
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Petrova YD, Wadda K, Nathubhai A, Yevglevskis M, Mitchell PJ, James TD, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. Identification of novel small-molecule inhibitors of α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) and structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103264. [PMID: 31536955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S; EC 5.1.99.4) catalyses epimerization of 2-methylacyl-CoAs and is important for the degradation of branched-chain fatty acids and the pharmacological activation of ibuprofen and related drugs. It is also a novel drug target for prostate and other cancers. However, development of AMACR as a drug target has been hampered by the difficulties in assaying enzyme activity. Consequently, reported inhibitors have been rationally designed acyl-CoA esters, which are delivered as their carboxylate prodrugs. The novel colorimetric assay for AMACR based on the elimination of 2,4-dinitrophenolate was developed for high-throughput screening and 20,387 'drug-like compounds' were screened, with a throughput of 768 compounds assayed per day. Pyrazoloquinolines and pyrazolopyrimidines were identified as novel scaffolds and investigated as AMACR inhibitors. The most potent inhibitors have IC50 values of ~2 µM. The pyrazoloquinoline inhibitor 10a displayed uncompetitive inhibition, whilst 10j displayed mixed competitive inhibition. The pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitor 11k displayed uncompetitive inhibition. This is the first report of the identification of specific drug-like small-molecule AMACR inhibitors by high-throughput screening. Pyrazoloquinolines and pyrazolopyrimidines may also be useful as inhibitors of other CoA-utilizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana D Petrova
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Katty Wadda
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Amit Nathubhai
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sciences Complex, City Campus, Dale Building, Room 121, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK(1)
| | - Maksims Yevglevskis
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Paul J Mitchell
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michael D Threadgill
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Timothy J Woodman
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Matthew D Lloyd
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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18
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Peroxisomes and cancer: The role of a metabolic specialist in a disease of aberrant metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:103-121. [PMID: 30012421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is irrevocably linked to aberrant metabolic processes. While once considered a vestigial organelle, we now know that peroxisomes play a central role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, bile acids, ether phospholipids (e.g. plasmalogens), very-long chain, and branched-chain fatty acids. Immune system evasion is a hallmark of cancer, and peroxisomes have an emerging role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. Investigations of individual peroxisome proteins and metabolites support their pro-tumorigenic functions. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how individual functions of proteins and metabolites of the peroxisome orchestrate its potential role as a pro-tumorigenic organelle. This review highlights new advances in our understanding of biogenesis, enzymatic functions, and autophagic degradation of peroxisomes (pexophagy), and provides evidence linking these activities to tumorigenesis. Finally, we propose avenues that may be exploited to target peroxisome-related processes as a mode of combatting cancer.
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19
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Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis of myxofibrosarcoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2765. [PMID: 30018380 PMCID: PMC6050269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a common adult soft tissue sarcoma characterized by an infiltrative growth pattern and a high local recurrence rate. Here we report the genetic and epigenetic landscape of MFS based on the results of whole-exome sequencing (N = 41), RNA sequencing (N = 29), and methylation analysis (N = 41), using 41 MFSs as a discovery set, and subsequent targeted sequencing of 140 genes in the entire cohort of 99 MFSs and 17 MFSs' data from TCGA. Fourteen driver genes are identified, including potentially actionable therapeutic targets seen in 37% of cases. There are frequent alterations in p53 signaling (51%) and cell cycle checkpoint genes (43%). Other conceivably actionable driver genes including ATRX, JAK1, NF1, NTRK1, and novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene are identified. Methylation patterns cluster into three subtypes associated with unique combinations of driver mutations, clinical outcomes, and immune cell compositions. Our results provide a valuable genomic resource to enable the design of precision medicine for MFS. Myxofibrosarcoma occurs in adults and is associated with high local relapse. Here, based on exome/transcriptome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis, the authors identify driver genes and methylation clusters associated with unique combinations of mutations, outcomes, and immune cell compositions.
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20
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Yevglevskis M, Lee GL, Nathubhai A, Petrova YD, James TD, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. Structure-activity relationships of rationally designed AMACR 1A inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:145-154. [PMID: 29751320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) is a promising novel drug target for prostate and other cancers. Assaying enzyme activity is difficult due to the reversibility of the 'racemisation' reaction and the difficulties in the separation of epimeric products; consequently few inhibitors have been described and no structure-activity relationship study has been performed. This paper describes the first structure-activity relationship study, in which a series of 23 known and potential rational AMACR inhibitors were evaluated. AMACR was potently inhibited (IC50 = 400-750 nM) by ibuprofenoyl-CoA and derivatives. Potency was positively correlated with inhibitor lipophilicity. AMACR was also inhibited by straight-chain and branched-chain acyl-CoA esters, with potency positively correlating with inhibitor lipophilicity. 2-Methyldecanoyl-CoAs were ca. 3-fold more potent inhibitors than decanoyl-CoA, demonstrating the importance of the 2-methyl group for effective inhibition. Elimination substrates and compounds with modified acyl-CoA cores were also investigated, and shown to be potent inhibitors. These results are the first to demonstrate structure-activity relationships of rational AMACR inhibitors and that potency can be predicted by acyl-CoA lipophilicity. The study also demonstrates the utility of the colorimetric assay for thorough inhibitor characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Guat L Lee
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Amit Nathubhai
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yoana D Petrova
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michael D Threadgill
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Timothy J Woodman
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Matthew D Lloyd
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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21
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He HL, Lee YE, Chang MT, Shiue YL, Chang SL, Chen TJ, Chiu CT. AMACR overexpression acts as a negative prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:638-644. [PMID: 29725255 PMCID: PMC5930466 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is a key enzyme responsible for the metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids. It has been found to be an important prognostic factor in numerous types of cancers. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of AMACR and its prognostic significance in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: Analysis of publicly available microarray data of oral SCC revealed that AMACR was significantly upregulated in tumor tissue compared with normal mucosa. We further assessed the protein expression of AMACR in 164 patients with oral SCC by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic impact of AMACR expression and its association with various clinicopathological parameters were statistically analyzed. Results: AMACR overexpression was significantly associated with advanced tumor status (P=0.001), advanced nodal status (P=0.036), increased vascular invasion (P=0.026) and increased perineural invasion (P=0.004). Patients with high expression level of AMACR had significantly worse disease-specific survival (DSS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (all P<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, AMACR overexpression was also an independent negative prognostic factor for DSS (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.410, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.285-8.511, P<0.001), DMFS (HR: 5.157, 95% CI: 2.756-9.651, P<0.001) and LRFS (HR: 4.462, 95% CI: 2.429-8.198, P<0.001). Conclusions: High expression of AMACR was not only a key adverse prognostic factor but also a potential therapeutic target in oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin He
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-En Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Te Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lun Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ta Chiu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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22
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Cipolla CM, Lodhi IJ. Peroxisomal Dysfunction in Age-Related Diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:297-308. [PMID: 28063767 PMCID: PMC5366081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes carry out many key functions related to lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. The fundamental importance of peroxisomes for health in humans is underscored by the existence of devastating genetic disorders caused by impaired peroxisomal function or lack of peroxisomes. Emerging studies suggest that peroxisomal function may also be altered with aging and contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including diabetes and its related complications, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. With increasing evidence connecting peroxisomal dysfunction to the pathogenesis of these acquired diseases, the possibility of targeting peroxisomal function in disease prevention or treatment becomes intriguing. Here, we review recent developments in understanding the pathophysiological implications of peroxisomal dysfunctions outside the context of inherited peroxisomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Cipolla
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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23
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Yevglevskis M, Lee GL, Nathubhai A, Petrova YD, James TD, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. A novel colorimetric assay for α-methylacyl-CoA racemase 1A (AMACR; P504S) utilizing the elimination of 2,4-dinitrophenolate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5087-5090. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile continuous colorimetric assay for AMACR is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Guat L. Lee
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Amit Nathubhai
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Yoana D. Petrova
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Michael D. Threadgill
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Timothy J. Woodman
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Matthew D. Lloyd
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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24
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Jolly P, Miodek A, Yang DK, Chen LC, Lloyd MD, Estrela P. Electro-Engineered Polymeric Films for the Development of Sensitive Aptasensors for Prostate Cancer Marker Detection. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deng-Kai Yang
- Department
of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chi Chen
- Department
of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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25
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Okada T, Lee AY, Qin LX, Agaram N, Mimae T, Shen Y, O'Connor R, López-Lago MA, Craig A, Miller ML, Agius P, Molinelli E, Socci ND, Crago AM, Shima F, Sander C, Singer S. Integrin-α10 Dependency Identifies RAC and RICTOR as Therapeutic Targets in High-Grade Myxofibrosarcoma. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1148-1165. [PMID: 27577794 PMCID: PMC5050162 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma is a common mesenchymal malignancy with complex genomics and heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Through gene-expression profiling of 64 primary high-grade myxofibrosarcomas, we defined an expression signature associated with clinical outcome. The gene most significantly associated with disease-specific death and distant metastasis was ITGA10 (integrin-α10). Functional studies revealed that myxofibrosarcoma cells strongly depended on integrin-α10, whereas normal mesenchymal cells did not. Integrin-α10 transmitted its tumor-specific signal via TRIO and RICTOR, two oncoproteins that are frequently co-overexpressed through gene amplification on chromosome 5p. TRIO and RICTOR activated RAC/PAK and AKT/mTOR to promote sarcoma cell survival. Inhibition of these proteins with EHop-016 (RAC inhibitor) and INK128 (mTOR inhibitor) had antitumor effects in tumor-derived cell lines and mouse xenografts, and combining the drugs enhanced the effects. Our results demonstrate the importance of integrin-α10/TRIO/RICTOR signaling for driving myxofibrosarcoma progression and provide the basis for promising targeted treatment strategies for patients with high-risk disease. SIGNIFICANCE Identifying the molecular pathogenesis for myxofibrosarcoma progression has proven challenging given the highly complex genomic alterations in this tumor type. We found that integrin-α10 promotes tumor cell survival through activation of TRIO-RAC-RICTOR-mTOR signaling, and that inhibitors of RAC and mTOR have antitumor effects in vivo, thus identifying a potential treatment strategy for patients with high-risk myxofibrosarcoma. Cancer Discov; 6(10); 1148-65. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okada
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Narasimhan Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yawei Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rachael O'Connor
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Miguel A López-Lago
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amanda Craig
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martin L Miller
- Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Phaedra Agius
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Evan Molinelli
- Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aimee M Crago
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Fumi Shima
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chris Sander
- Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel Singer
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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26
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Wang YH, Wu WJ, Wang WJ, Huang HY, Li WM, Yeh BW, Wu TF, Shiue YL, Sheu JJC, Wang JM, Li CF. CEBPD amplification and overexpression in urothelial carcinoma: a driver of tumor metastasis indicating adverse prognosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31069-84. [PMID: 26307680 PMCID: PMC4741589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular aberrations responsible for the progression of urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain largely obscure. To search candidate driver oncogenes in UC, we performed array-based genomic hybridization (aCGH) on 40 UBUC samples. Amplification of 8q11.21 was preferentially identified in patients who developed disease-specific death (53.8%) and distal metastasis (50.0%) but was barely detected in non-eventful cases (3.7% and 0%, respectively). In order to quantify the expression of candidate genes harbored in 8q11.21, laser-capture microdissection coupled with RT-PCR was performed on 32 of the 40 cases submitted to aCGH. With this, we identified CEBPD mRNA expression as most significantly associated with gains of 8q11.21, suggesting amplification-driven expression. By performing CEBPD-specific FISH and immunohistochemistry on 295 UBUCs, we confirmed CEBPD amplification (21.3%) and overexpression (29.8%) were strongly related to each other (p<0.001). Moreover, both were associated with adverse clinicopathologic features and worse outcomes. Furthermore, the clinical significance of CEBPD expression was also confirmed in an independent cohort comprised of 340 UCs from the upper urinary tract. Interestingly, CEBPD knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration and, most significantly, cell invasion ability in UC cells. The latter phenotype is attributed to downregulation of MMP2 as identified by RT2 Profiler PCR array. Moreover, expression of CEBPD significantly enhanced MMP2 expression and transcriptional activation by directly binding to its promoter region, as confirmed by promoter reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Conclusively, CEBPD amplification is a mechanism driving increased mRNA and protein expression that confers aggressiveness in UC through MMP2-mediated cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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27
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Yevglevskis M, Lee GL, Sun J, Zhou S, Sun X, Kociok-Köhn G, James TD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. A study on the AMACR catalysed elimination reaction and its application to inhibitor testing. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:612-622. [PMID: 26537174 PMCID: PMC4718014 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) catalyses a key step in the degradation of branched-chain fatty acids and is important for the pharmacological activation of Ibuprofen and related drugs. Levels of AMACR are increased in prostate and other cancers, and it is a drug target. Development of AMACR as a drug target is hampered by lack of a convenient assay. AMACR irreversibly catalyses the elimination of HF from 3-fluoro-2-methylacyl-CoA substrates, and this reaction was investigated for use as an assay. Several known inhibitors and alternative substrates reduced conversion of 3-fluoro-2-methyldecanoyl-CoA by AMACR, as determined by (1)H NMR. The greatest reduction of activity was observed with known potent inhibitors. A series of novel acyl-CoA esters with aromatic side chains were synthesised for testing as chromophoric substrates. These acyl-CoA esters were converted to unsaturated products by AMACR, but their use was limited by non-enzymatic elimination. Fluoride sensors were also investigated as a method of quantifying released fluoride and thus AMACR activity. These sensors generally suffered from high background signal and lacked reproducibility under the assay conditions. In summary, the elimination reaction can be used to characterise inhibitors, but it was not possible to develop a convenient colorimetric or fluorescent assay using 3-fluoro-2-methylacyl-CoA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Medicinal Chemistry , Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)1225 386114
| | - Guat L. Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry , Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)1225 386114
| | - Jenny Sun
- Medicinal Chemistry , Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)1225 386114
- Department of Pharmacy , Shandong University , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Medicinal Chemistry , Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)1225 386114
- Department of Pharmacy , Shandong University , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK
| | - Timothy J. Woodman
- Medicinal Chemistry , Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)1225 386114
| | - Matthew D. Lloyd
- Medicinal Chemistry , Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)1225 386114
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28
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Yeh HC, Li CC, Huang CN, Hour TC, Yeh BW, Li WM, Liang PI, Chang LL, Li CF, Wu WJ. PTP4A3 Independently Predicts Metastasis and Survival in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Radical Nephroureterectomy. J Urol 2015; 194:1449-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Li Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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29
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Yeh HC, Huang CN, Li CC, Chang LL, Lin HH, Ke HL, Huang AM, Liang PI, Li CF, Wu WJ. Overexpression of PTP4A3 is associated with metastasis and unfavorable prognosis in bladder cancer. World J Urol 2015; 34:835-46. [PMID: 26433386 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-015-1698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in urinary system. The prognosis of metastatic BC is poor, but there remains no reliable marker to early detect metastasis. Dysregulated prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are commonly associated with cancer metastasis. From a published BC transcriptome, we identified that PTP IVA3 (PTP4A3) was the most significantly upregulated gene implicated in tumor progression among genes related to prenylated PTPs. We therefore analyzed PTP4A3 expression in our well-characterized cohort of BC. METHODS By immunohistochemistry, PTP4A3 expression was determined using H-score. PTP4A3 expression of 295 BCs was compared with clinicopathological parameters, and the effect of PTP4A3 on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) was also examined. Two independent sets of BCs were used to assess PTP4A3 protein and transcript expression in normal urothelium and different stage tumors. RESULTS PTP4A3 overexpression was significantly associated with higher pT stage (P < 0.001), nodal metastasis (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), and perineural invasion (P = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, PTP4A3 overexpression was an independent predictor for CSS (P < 0.001) and MFS (P = 0.007). Notably, the difference in CSS and MFS between high and low PTP4A3-expressing tumors was also significant in muscle-invasive BCs. PTP4A3 protein expression showed significant and stepwise increments from normal urothelium to noninvasive BC, invasive BC, and metastatic foci (P < 0.001). PTP4A3 transcript was also obviously upregulated in high-stage BC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PTP4A3 may play a role in BC oncogenesis and is a predictive marker of metastasis. PTP4A3 overexpression represents an independent prognosticator for BC, suggesting its potential theranostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Li Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hui Lin
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - A-Mei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang District, Tainan 710, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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30
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Val-Bernal JF, García-González MR, Mayorga M, Marrero RH, Jorge-Pérez N. Primary renal myxofibrosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:619-24. [PMID: 26008776 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kidney sarcomas are rare, representing only 1% of malignant renal tumors. We herein report the case of a 70-year-old woman that was admitted for an episode of confusion in relation to hypertensive encephalopathy. Imaging investigations revealed a large mass in the right kidney with extension to the renal hilum. The patient underwent right open radical nephrectomy. The histopathologic study disclosed a 15-cm, myxoid and cellular, pleomorphic tumor with elongated, curvilinear, thin-walled vessels, and focal necrosis that involved the upper and middle segments of the kidney. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed strong positivity for vimentin, bcl2 protein (nuclear staining pattern), CD34, CD99, and alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase. The tumor was diagnosed as myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) grade 2 according to the FNCLCC system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an MFS arising from the kidney. Thus, MFS is an uncommon soft tissue tumor that can exceptionally arise from the kidney. The differential diagnosis with other myxoid tumors is of vital importance because it includes lesions with subtle differences and extremely variable biological behavior. Radical surgery is the treatment of choice. Long-term follow-up is recommended because of the tumor's capability for local recurrence and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Fernando Val-Bernal
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - M Rosa García-González
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Doctor Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marta Mayorga
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Reinaldo H Marrero
- Service of Urology, Doctor Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nicolás Jorge-Pérez
- Service of Urology, Doctor Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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