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Lallas K, Kyrgidis A, Chrysostomidis A, Vakirlis E, Apalla Z, Lallas A. Clinical, dermatoscopic, histological and molecular predictive factors of distant melanoma metastasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024:104458. [PMID: 39074631 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma metastasis to distant sites is associated with diminished survival rates and poor prognosis. Except of Breslow thickness and ulceration that are currently used in melanoma staging, the investigation of additional clinicopathological, dermatoscopic and molecular factors that could predict tumors with aggressive biologic behavior is of paramount importance. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane databases and grey literature until November 2023. Observational studies (including cohorts and case-control studies) were included and clinical and histopathological factors of primary cutaneous melanomas, along with dermatoscopic and molecular predictors of distant metastasis (DM) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were assessed. Random - effect models were preferred, the results were presented as Hazard Ratios (HRs) with 95%Confidence Intervals (CIs) and the I2 index quantified heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis according to AJCC stage and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS One hundred forty-three and 101 studies were included in the qualitive and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Regarding clinical factors, males, compared to females, and head and neck location, compared to trunk, demonstrated higher risk for DM [n=36, HR 1.49, 95%CI 1.36 - 1.63, I2 33% and n=21, HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.01 - 1.52, I2 62%]. Both factors had similar effects on DMFS. Breslow thickness and ulceration were significant predictors or DM. Additional factors that posed an increased risk for DM were nodular (n=15, HR 2.51, 95%CI 1.83 - 3.43, I2 56%) and lentigo maligna subtypes (n=12, HR 1.87, 95%CI 1.27 - 2.75, I2 0%), compared to superficial spreading subtype, lymphovascular invasion (n=9, HR 2.05, 95%CI 1.18 - 3.58, I2 78%), SLN positivity and BRAF+ mutational status. In contrast, regression was a negative predictor of DM (n=15, HR 0.59, 95%CI 0.44 - 0.79, I2 68%). Two studies focused on dermatoscopic factors and found that low pigmentation and the presence of blue-white veil might predict DM development. The results of subgroup analysis for stage I-II patients were essentially similar and sensitivity analysis did not reveal significant alterations, despite the moderate or high heterogeneity in some categories. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and histological characteristics of the tumor along with dermatoscopic features and molecular parameters hold significant prognostic information and could be incorporated into models to predict melanomas with high metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Lallas
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanassios Kyrgidis
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anestis Chrysostomidis
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Vakirlis
- First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Detassis S, Precazzini F, Brentari I, Ruffilli R, Ress C, Maglione A, Pernagallo S, Denti MA. SA-ODG platform: a semi-automated and PCR-free method to analyse microRNAs in solid tissues. Analyst 2024; 149:3891-3899. [PMID: 38994789 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, numerous techniques have been developed for analysing microRNAs in body fluids and tissues. However, these techniques still face technical challenges, particularly when compared to well-established techniques for proteins and metabolites. Recently, the ODG platform was introduced, which is an innovative technology that allows for the direct detection and quantification of microRNAs in liquid biopsies without requiring extraction or amplification. This study presents the implementation of the ODG platform within a semi-automated protocol to create the "SA-ODG" platform, enhancing the efficiency and precision of microRNA testing while reducing hands-on time required by laboratory staff. For the first time, the SA-ODG platform has been used to directly quantify microRNAs in solid tissues. The results demonstrate precise analysis of miR-122-5p in mouse liver tissues using SA-ODG. These developments represent a crucial step forward in advancing the field of extraction and amplification-free microRNA detection and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Detassis
- OPTOI SRL, Via Vienna 8, 38121, Trento, Italy.
| | - F Precazzini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - I Brentari
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - R Ruffilli
- OPTOI SRL, Via Vienna 8, 38121, Trento, Italy.
| | - C Ress
- OPTOI SRL, Via Vienna 8, 38121, Trento, Italy.
| | - A Maglione
- OPTOI SRL, Via Vienna 8, 38121, Trento, Italy.
| | - S Pernagallo
- DESTINA Genomica SL, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - M A Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
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3
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Huang S, Zhang P, Yin N, Xu Z, Liu X, Wu A, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang Z, Zhong T, Liu L, Shi Y, Dong J. Glioblastoma stem cell-derived exosomal miR-374b-3p promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression through inducing M2 macrophages polarization. iScience 2024; 27:109270. [PMID: 38487014 PMCID: PMC10937837 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside in hypoxic periarteriolar niches of glioblastoma micro-environment, however, the crosstalk of GSCs with macrophages on regulating tumor angiogenesis and progression are not fully elucidated. GSCs-derived exosomes (GSCs-exos) are essential mediators during tumor immune-microenvironment remodeling initiated by GSCs, resulting in M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as we reported previously. Our data disclosed aberrant upregulation of miR-374b-3p in both clinical glioblastoma specimens and human cell lines of GSCs. MiR-374b-3p level was high in GSCs-exos and can be internalized by macrophages. Mechanistically, GSCs exosomal miR-374b-3p induced M2 polarization of macrophages by downregulating phosphatase and tensin expression, thereby promoting migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells after coculture with M2 macrophages. Cumulatively, these data indicated that GSCs exosomal miR-374b-3p can enhance tumor angiogenesis by inducing M2 polarization of macrophages, as well as promote malignant progression of glioblastoma. Targeting exosomal miR-374b-3p may serve as a potential target against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rugao People’s Hospital, RuGao 226500, China
| | - Nanheng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Anyi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zengyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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4
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Hudson K, Mondia MW, Zhang Y, Saha S, Gibert MK, Dube C, Sun Y, Marcinkiewicz P, Fadul C, Abounader R. The role of microRNAs in brain metastasis. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:231-241. [PMID: 38194195 PMCID: PMC10834572 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) is the most common type of brain tumor and frequently foreshadows disease progression and poor overall survival with patients having a median survival of 6 months. 70,000 new cases of BM are diagnosed each year in the United States (US) and the incidence rate for BM is increasing with improved detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that serve as critical regulators of gene expression and can act as powerful oncogenes and tumor suppressors. MiRNAs have been heavily implicated in cancer and proposed as biomarkers or therapeutic targets or agents. In this review, we summarize an extensive body of scientific work investigating the role of microRNAs in BM. We discuss miRNA dysregulation, functions, targets, and mechanisms of action in BM and present the current standing of miRNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutics for BM. We conclude with future directions of miRNA basic and clinical research in BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadie Hudson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark Willy Mondia
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shekhar Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Myron K Gibert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Collin Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yunan Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pawel Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Camilo Fadul
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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5
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Gosman LM, Țăpoi DA, Costache M. Cutaneous Melanoma: A Review of Multifactorial Pathogenesis, Immunohistochemistry, and Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15881. [PMID: 37958863 PMCID: PMC10650804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an increasingly significant public health concern. Due to alarming mortality rates and escalating incidence, it is crucial to understand its etiology and identify emerging biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifactorial etiology of CM, underscore the importance of early detection, discuss the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma development and progression, and shed light on the role of the potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of CM involves a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, ultraviolet radiation exposure being the predominant environmental risk factor. The emergence of new biomarkers, such as novel immunohistochemical markers, gene mutation analysis, microRNA, and exosome protein expressions, holds promise for improved early detection, and prognostic and personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Gosman
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Saint Pantelimon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana-Antonia Țăpoi
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Costache
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Rigg E, Wang J, Xue Z, Lunavat TR, Liu G, Hoang T, Parajuli H, Han M, Bjerkvig R, Nazarov PV, Nicot N, Kreis S, Margue C, Nomigni MT, Utikal J, Miletic H, Sundstrøm T, Ystaas LAR, Li X, Thorsen F. Inhibition of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-146a-5p decreases progression of melanoma brain metastasis via Notch pathway dysregulation in astrocytes. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12363. [PMID: 37759347 PMCID: PMC10533779 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma has the highest propensity of all cancers to metastasize to the brain with a large percentage of late-stage patients developing metastases in the central nervous system (CNS). It is well known that metastasis establishment, cell survival, and progression are affected by tumour-host cell interactions where changes in the host cellular compartments likely play an important role. In this context, miRNAs transferred by tumour derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have previously been shown to create a favourable tumour microenvironment. Here, we show that miR-146a-5p is highly expressed in human melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) EVs, both in MBM cell lines as well as in biopsies, thereby modulating the brain metastatic niche. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p was transferred to astrocytes via EV delivery and inhibited NUMB in the Notch signalling pathway. This resulted in activation of tumour-promoting cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and CXCL1). Brain metastases were significantly reduced following miR-146a-5p knockdown. Corroborating these findings, miR-146a-5p inhibition led to a reduction of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and CXCL1 in astrocytes. Following molecular docking analysis, deserpidine was identified as a functional miR-146a-5p inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight the pro-metastatic function of miR-146a-5p in EVs and identifies deserpidine for targeted adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rigg
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Zhiwei Xue
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Taral R. Lunavat
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit‐West, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Guowei Liu
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Tuyen Hoang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Himalaya Parajuli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform and Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Department of Cancer ResearchLuxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourg
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- LuxGen Genome Center, Luxembourg Institute of HealthLaboratoire National de SantéDudelangeLuxembourg
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- Department of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Christiane Margue
- Department of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | | | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer UnitGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht‐Karl University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Terje Sundstrøm
- Department of NeurosurgeryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Lars A. R. Ystaas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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7
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McDonald B, Barth K, Schmidt MHH. The origin of brain malignancies at the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37688612 PMCID: PMC10492883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in extracranial therapy, survival rate for patients suffering from brain metastases remains very poor. This is coupled with the incidence of brain metastases continuing to rise. In this review, we focus on core contributions of the blood-brain barrier to the origin of brain metastases. We first provide an overview of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier under physiological conditions. Next, we discuss the emerging idea of a pre-metastatic niche, namely that secreted factors and extracellular vesicles from a primary tumor site are able to travel through the circulation and prime the neurovasculature for metastatic invasion. We then consider the neurotropic mechanisms that circulating tumor cells possess or develop that facilitate disruption of the blood-brain barrier and survival in the brain's parenchyma. Finally, we compare and contrast brain metastases at the blood-brain barrier to the primary brain tumor, glioma, examining the process of vessel co-option that favors the survival and outgrowth of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Barth
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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8
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DiVincenzo MJ, Angell CD, Suarez-Kelly LP, Ren C, Barricklow Z, Moufawad M, Fadda P, Yu L, Backes FJ, Ring K, Mills A, Slingluff C, Chung C, Gru AA, Carson WE. Expression of microRNAs and their target genes in melanomas originating from gynecologic sites. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285804. [PMID: 37384650 PMCID: PMC10309992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas from gynecologic sites (MOGS) are rare and have poor survival. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression and are dysregulated in cancer. We hypothesized that MOGS would display unique miR and mRNA expression profiles. The miR and mRNA expression profile in RNA from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded vaginal melanomas (relative to vaginal mucosa) and vulvar melanomas (relative to cutaneous melanoma) were measured with the Nanostring Human miRNA assay and Tumor Signaling mRNA assay. Differential patterns of expression were identified for 21 miRs in vaginal and 47 miRs in vulvar melanoma (fold change >2, p<0.01). In vaginal melanoma, miR-145-5p (tumor suppressor targeting TLR4, NRAS) was downregulated and miR-106a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p (members of miR-17-92 cluster) were upregulated. In vulvar melanoma, known tumor suppressors miR-200b-3p and miR-200a-3p were downregulated, and miR-20a-5p and miR-19b-3p, from the miR-17-92 cluster, were upregulated. Pathway analysis showed an enrichment of "proteoglycans in cancer". Among differentially expressed mRNAs, topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) was upregulated in both MOGS. Gene targets of dysregulated miRs were identified using publicly available databases and Pearson correlations. In vaginal melanoma, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) was downregulated, was a validated target of miR-19b-3p and miR-20a-5p and trended toward a significant inverse Pearson correlation with miR-19b-3p (p = 0.093). In vulvar melanoma, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) was downregulated, was the validated target of 22 upregulated miRs, and had a significant inverse Pearson correlation with miR-503-5p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-20a-5p (0.005 < p < 0.026). These findings support microRNAs as mediators of gene expression in MOGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory J. DiVincenzo
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Colin D. Angell
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lorena P. Suarez-Kelly
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Casey Ren
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Zoe Barricklow
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Maribelle Moufawad
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Paolo Fadda
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lianbo Yu
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Floor J. Backes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kari Ring
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Anne Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Craig Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Chung
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Alejandro A. Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - William E. Carson
- The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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9
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Nairuz T, Mahmud Z, Manik RK, Kabir Y. Cancer stem cells: an insight into the development of metastatic tumors and therapy resistance. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x. [PMID: 37129728 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The term "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) refers to cancer cells that exhibit traits parallel to normal stem cells, namely the potential to give rise to every type of cell identified in a tumor microenvironment. It has been found that CSCs usually develops from other neoplastic cells or non-cancerous somatic cells by acquiring stemness and malignant characteristics through particular genetic modifications. A trivial number of CSCs, identified in solid and liquid cancer, can give rise to an entire tumor population with aggressive anticancer drug resistance, metastasis, and invasiveness. Besides, cancer stem cells manipulate their intrinsic and extrinsic features, regulate the metabolic pattern of the cell, adjust efflux-influx efficiency, modulate different signaling pathways, block apoptotic signals, and cause genetic and epigenetic alterations to retain their pluripotency and ability of self-renewal. Notably, to keep the cancer stem cells' ability to become malignant cells, mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, etc., interact with one another. Furthermore, CSCs are characterized by the expression of particular molecular markers that carry significant diagnostic and prognostic significance. Because of this, scientific research on CSCs is becoming increasingly imperative, intending to understand the traits and behavior of cancer stem cells and create more potent anticancer therapeutics to fight cancer at the CSC level. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the critical role of CSCs in the onset and spread of cancer and the characteristics of CSCs that promote severe resistance to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Nairuz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Khan Manik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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Vand-Rajabpour F, Savage M, Belote RL, Judson-Torres RL. Critical Considerations for Investigating MicroRNAs during Tumorigenesis: A Case Study in Conceptual and Contextual Nuances of miR-211-5p in Melanoma. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:9. [PMID: 37218870 PMCID: PMC10204420 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs fundamental to metazoan development and disease. Although the aberrant regulation of microRNAs during mammalian tumorigenesis is well established, investigations into the contributions of individual microRNAs are wrought with conflicting observations. The underlying cause of these inconsistencies is often attributed to context-specific functions of microRNAs. We propose that consideration of both context-specific factors, as well as underappreciated fundamental concepts of microRNA biology, will permit a more harmonious interpretation of ostensibly diverging data. We discuss the theory that the biological function of microRNAs is to confer robustness to specific cell states. Through this lens, we then consider the role of miR-211-5p in melanoma progression. Using literature review and meta-analyses, we demonstrate how a deep understating of domain-specific contexts is critical for moving toward a concordant understanding of miR-211-5p and other microRNAs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vand-Rajabpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran
| | - Meghan Savage
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rachel L. Belote
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert L. Judson-Torres
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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11
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Alsabbagh R, Ahmed M, Alqudah MAY, Hamoudi R, Harati R. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Extravasation in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer, Melanoma, and Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082258. [PMID: 37190188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is an incurable end-stage of systemic cancer associated with poor prognosis, and its incidence is increasing. Brain metastasis occurs through a multi-step cascade where cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to the brain. The extravasation of tumor cells through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in brain metastasis. During extravasation, circulating cancer cells roll along the brain endothelium (BE), adhere to it, then induce alterations in the endothelial barrier to transmigrate through the BBB and enter the brain. Rolling and adhesion are generally mediated by selectins and adhesion molecules induced by inflammatory mediators, while alterations in the endothelial barrier are mediated by proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase, and the transmigration step mediated by factors, including chemokines. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating extravasation are not yet fully understood. A better understanding of these mechanisms is essential as it may serve as the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of brain metastases. In this review, we summarize the molecular events that occur during the extravasation of cancer cells through the blood-brain barrier in three types of cancer most likely to develop brain metastasis: breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. Common molecular mechanisms driving extravasation in these different tumors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alsabbagh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A Y Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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12
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DiVincenzo MJ, Schwarz E, Ren C, Barricklow Z, Moufawad M, Yu L, Fadda P, Angell C, Sun S, Howard JH, Chung C, Slingluff C, Gru AA, Kendra K, Carson WE. Expression Patterns of microRNAs and Associated Target Genes in Ulcerated Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:630-638.e3. [PMID: 36202232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma carries a poor prognosis, and the underlying biology driving its aggressive behavior is largely unexplored. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs that inhibit the expression of specific genes and exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in cancer. We hypothesized that a unique miR profile exists in ulcerated relative to nonulcerated melanoma and that miR expression inversely correlates with target genes of biologic importance. Expression of miRs and mRNAs was assessed in ulcerated and nonulcerated cutaneous melanomas using the NanoString Human miRNA and Tumor Signaling 360 mRNA assays and validated in an independent cohort. Pathway enrichment and functional annotations for differentially expressed miRs and mRNAs were determined using publicly available databases. Pearson correlations were employed to predict potential miR‒mRNA binding pairs. Ulcerated melanoma tissue showed at least 1.5-fold change in relative expression of 24 miRs, including miR-206, miR-1-3p, and miR-4286 (>2.25-fold decrease, P < 0.048) and miR-146a-5p, miR-196b-5p, and miR-363-3p (>2.5-fold increase, P < 0.014). Ulcerated melanomas also had 21 differentially expressed mRNAs relative to nonulcerated tumors (P < 0.01), among which two had an inverse correlation in expression with regulatory miRs (SOCS3 and miR-218-5p and IL7R and miR-376c-5p). This miR expression profile adds to the molecular characterization of the poorly understood histopathologic phenotype of ulcerated melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory J DiVincenzo
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Schwarz
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Casey Ren
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zoe Barricklow
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maribelle Moufawad
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Colin Angell
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven Sun
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J Harrison Howard
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Catherine Chung
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig Slingluff
- Surgical Oncology Division, UVA Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kari Kendra
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William E Carson
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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13
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Burden and Risk Factors of Brain Metastases in Melanoma: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246108. [PMID: 36551594 PMCID: PMC9777047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma can frequently metastasize to the brain with severe consequences. However, variation of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) development among populations is not well studied, and underlying mechanisms and risk factors for MBM development are not consistently documented. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) including a total of 39 articles to evaluate the proportion of melanoma patients who are diagnosed with, or develop, brain metastases, and summarize the risk factors of MBM. The average proportion of MBM was calculated and weighted by the sample size of each study. Meta-analyses were conducted for the selected risk factors using a random-effects model. The proportion of MBM at diagnosis was 33% (975 with MBM out of 2948 patients) among patients with cutaneous melanoma (excluding acral) and 23% (651/2875) among patients with cutaneous mixed with other types of melanoma. The proportion at diagnosis was lower among populations with mucosal (9/96, 9%) or uveal (4/184, 2%) melanoma and among populations outside the United States and Europe. Meta-analysis demonstrated that male vs. female gender and left-sided tumors vs. right-sided were significantly associated with increased risk of melanoma brain metastases. These data may help clinicians to assess an individual patient's risk of developing melanoma brain metastases.
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14
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Vera J, Lai X, Baur A, Erdmann M, Gupta S, Guttà C, Heinzerling L, Heppt MV, Kazmierczak PM, Kunz M, Lischer C, Pützer BM, Rehm M, Ostalecki C, Retzlaff J, Witt S, Wolkenhauer O, Berking C. Melanoma 2.0. Skin cancer as a paradigm for emerging diagnostic technologies, computational modelling and artificial intelligence. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6761961. [PMID: 36252807 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We live in an unprecedented time in oncology. We have accumulated samples and cases in cohorts larger and more complex than ever before. New technologies are available for quantifying solid or liquid samples at the molecular level. At the same time, we are now equipped with the computational power necessary to handle this enormous amount of quantitative data. Computational models are widely used helping us to substantiate and interpret data. Under the label of systems and precision medicine, we are putting all these developments together to improve and personalize the therapy of cancer. In this review, we use melanoma as a paradigm to present the successful application of these technologies but also to discuss possible future developments in patient care linked to them. Melanoma is a paradigmatic case for disruptive improvements in therapies, with a considerable number of metastatic melanoma patients benefiting from novel therapies. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients does not respond to therapy or suffers from adverse events. Melanoma is an ideal case study to deploy advanced technologies not only due to the medical need but also to some intrinsic features of melanoma as a disease and the skin as an organ. From the perspective of data acquisition, the skin is the ideal organ due to its accessibility and suitability for many kinds of advanced imaging techniques. We put special emphasis on the necessity of computational strategies to integrate multiple sources of quantitative data describing the tumour at different scales and levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Vera
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Lai
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Baur
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Erdmann
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, Rostock 18051, Germany
| | - Cristiano Guttà
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Lischer
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jimmy Retzlaff
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, Rostock 18051, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Liu Y, Ma S, Ma Q, Zhu H. Silencing LINC00665 inhibits cutaneous melanoma in vitro progression and induces apoptosis via the miR-339-3p/TUBB. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24630. [PMID: 35929185 PMCID: PMC9459347 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNAs are closely related to cutaneous melanoma (CM) tumorigenesis and metastasis, and it can affect the progression of CM by regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and other cellular mechanisms. This study investigated the role of LINC00665 in CM. Methods Expressions of LINC00665, miR‐339‐3p, and tubulin beta chain (TUBB) in CM cells were analyzed by qRT‐PCR and/or Western blot. The LINC00665/miR‐339‐3p/TUBB targeting network was predicted by bioinformatics tools, screened out by Venn diagrams and analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficients, followed by validation via dual‐luciferase reporter assay and/or pull‐down assay. Transfection of siLINC00665 or miR‐339‐3p inhibitor/mimic was conducted with CM cells whose viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis were measured by CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. The associations of TUBB with tumor biological characteristics and other proteins were analyzed by CanserSEA and String, respectively. Results High‐expressed LINC00665 was detected in CM cells. Silencing LINC00665 decreased CM cell viability; inhibited colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion; enhanced apoptosis; and upregulated miR‐339‐3p. LINC00665 targeted miR‐339‐3p which targeted TUBB. MiR‐339‐3p upregulation induced effects similar to the LINC00665‐silencing‐induced effects and could downregulate TUBB, which was associated with malignant behaviors and related to other five proteins. MiR‐339‐3p downregulation induced the opposite effects of what miR‐339‐3p upregulation induced, and the miR‐339‐3p downregulation‐induced effects could be reversed by LINC00665 silencing. Conclusion Silencing LINC00665 inhibits in vitro CM progression and induces apoptosis via the miR‐339‐3p/TUBB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Dermatological Department, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin City, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Dermatology & STD, QingDao No.8 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Qichao Ma
- Dermatological Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No 2. Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Haigang Zhu
- Dermatological Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No 2. Hospital, Ningbo City, China
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16
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Siegl F, Vecera M, Roskova I, Smrcka M, Jancalek R, Kazda T, Slaby O, Sana J. The Significance of MicroRNAs in the Molecular Pathology of Brain Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143386. [PMID: 35884446 PMCID: PMC9322877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most frequent intracranial tumors in adults and the cause of death in almost one-fourth of cases. The incidence of brain metastases is steadily increasing. The main reason for this increase could be the introduction of new and more efficient therapeutic strategies that lead to longer survival but, at the same time, cause a higher risk of brain parenchyma infiltration. In addition, the advances in imaging methodology, which provide earlier identification of brain metastases, may also be a reason for the higher recorded number of patients with these tumors. Metastasis is a complex biological process that is still largely unexplored, influenced by many factors and involving many molecules. A deeper understanding of the process will allow the discovery of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that could improve the quality and length of patient survival. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential molecules that are involved in specific steps of the metastatic cascade. MiRNAs are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and thus regulate most cellular processes. The dysregulation of these molecules has been implicated in many cancers, including brain metastases. Therefore, miRNAs represent promising diagnostic molecules and therapeutic targets in brain metastases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the importance of miRNAs in brain metastasis, focusing on their involvement in the metastatic cascade and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Siegl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
| | - Marek Vecera
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
| | - Ivana Roskova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Smrcka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Annes University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Kazda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-495-246
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17
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Carpi S, Scoditti E, Polini B, Brogi S, Calderone V, Proksch P, Ebada SS, Nieri P. Pro-Apoptotic Activity of the Marine Sponge Dactylospongia elegans Metabolites Pelorol and 5-epi-Ilimaquinone on Human 501Mel Melanoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070427. [PMID: 35877720 PMCID: PMC9317990 DOI: 10.3390/md20070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural environment represents an important source of drugs that originates from the terrestrial and, in minority, marine organisms. Indeed, the marine environment represents a largely untapped source in the process of drug discovery. Among all marine organisms, sponges with algae represent the richest source of compounds showing anticancer activity. In this study, the two secondary metabolites pelorol (PEL) and 5-epi-ilimaquinone (EPI), purified from Dactylospongia elegans were investigated for their anti-melanoma activity. PEL and EPI induced cell growth repression of 501Mel melanoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. A cell cycle block in the G1 phase by PEL and EPI was also observed. Furthermore, PEL and EPI induced significant accumulation of DNA histone fragments in the cytoplasmic fraction, indicating a pro-apoptotic effect of both compounds. At the molecular level, PEL and EPI induced apoptosis through the increase in pro-apoptotic BAX expression, confirmed by the decrease in its silencing miR-214-3p and the decrease in the anti-apoptotic BCL-2, MCL1, and BIRC-5 mRNA expression, attested by the increase in their silencing miRNAs, i.e., miR-193a-3p and miR-16-5p. In conclusion, our data indicate that PEL and EPI exert cytotoxicity activity against 501Mel melanoma cells promoting apoptotic signaling and inducing changes in miRNA expression and their downstream effectors. For these reasons could represent promising lead compounds in the anti-melanoma drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (P.N.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Marine Pharmacology (MArinePHARMA), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Marine Pharmacology (MArinePHARMA), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universtätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sherif S. Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Marine Pharmacology (MArinePHARMA), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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18
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Down-regulation of circPTTG1IP induces hepatocellular carcinoma development via miR-16-5p/RNF125/JAK1 axis. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215778. [PMID: 35710093 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs are known to regulate the biological processes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and humans with Down syndrome are at low risk of developing solid tumors due to the amplification of several tumor suppressor genes on human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential role of circRNAs originating from HSA21 in the progression of HCC. CircRNA-sequencing was performed to analyze differentially expressed circRNAs in 4 HCC and peritumor tissues, and circRNAs originating from HSA21 were further analyzed. Circ_0061984 (circPTTG1IP) was chosen for further study because it showed the lowest expression in HCC tissues, and qRT-PCR was used to confirm the expression of circPTTG1IP in HCC patient tissues. The biological function of circPTTG1IP was detected in HCC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays, circRNA immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to investigate the potential mechanism of circPTTG1IP. Finally, the possible mechanisms of filgotinib in circPTTG1IP-driven HCC were assessed. CircPTTG1IP expression was decreased in HCC compared to peritumoral tissues. Moreover, low circPTTG1IP expression was revealed to be associated with a poor prognosis of HCC patients. Elevation of circPTTG1IP was revealed to inhibit HCC development both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circPTTG1IP was shown to function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of RNF125 by binding miR-16-5p to increase the level of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF125, which further ubiquitinated and degraded JAK1 protein. Finally, we demonstrated that administration of filgotinib, a JAK1 inhibitor, restricted HCC progression induced by low circPTTG1IP expression. Thus, we revealed that circPTTG1IP is a novel tumor suppresser circRNA in HCC and that a low circPTTG1IP level promotes HCC development via the miR-16-5p/RNF125/JAK1 axis. Patients with low circPTTG1IP may benefit from filgotinib treatment.
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Moubarak RS, Koetz-Ploch L, Mullokandov G, Gaziel A, de Pablos-Aragoneses A, Argibay D, Kleffman K, Sokolova E, Berwick M, Thomas NE, Osman I, Brown BD, Hernando E. In Vivo miRNA Decoy Screen Reveals miR-124a as a Suppressor of Melanoma Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852952. [PMID: 35480113 PMCID: PMC9036958 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly prevalent cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide and high metastatic potential. Brain metastasis is a major complication of the disease, as more than 50% of metastatic melanoma patients eventually develop intracranial disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play an important role in the tumorigenicity of different cancers and have potential as markers of disease outcome. Identification of relevant miRNAs has generally stemmed from miRNA profiling studies of cells or tissues, but these approaches may have missed miRNAs with relevant functions that are expressed in subfractions of cancer cells. We performed an unbiased in vivo screen to identify miRNAs with potential functions as metastasis suppressors using a lentiviral library of miRNA decoys. Notably, we found that a significant fraction of melanomas that metastasized to the brain carried a decoy for miR-124a, a miRNA that is highly expressed in the brain/neurons. Additional loss- and gain-of-function in vivo validation studies confirmed miR-124a as a suppressor of melanoma metastasis and particularly of brain metastasis. miR-124a overexpression did not inhibit tumor growth in vivo, underscoring that miR-124a specifically controls processes required for melanoma metastatic growth, such as seeding and growth post-extravasation. Finally, we provide proof of principle of this miRNA as a promising therapeutic agent by showing its ability to impair metastatic growth of melanoma cells seeded in distal organs. Our efforts shed light on miR-124a as an antimetastatic agent, which could be leveraged therapeutically to impair metastatic growth and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana S. Moubarak
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa Koetz-Ploch
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gavriel Mullokandov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avital Gaziel
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ana de Pablos-Aragoneses
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diana Argibay
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Kleffman
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elena Sokolova
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marianne Berwick
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nancy E. Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Iman Osman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian D. Brown
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG), New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Korfiati A, Grafanaki K, Kyriakopoulos GC, Skeparnias I, Georgiou S, Sakellaropoulos G, Stathopoulos C. Revisiting miRNA Association with Melanoma Recurrence and Metastasis from a Machine Learning Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1299. [PMID: 35163222 PMCID: PMC8836065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs in cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been broadly studied and supported by advanced bioinformatics tools. From early studies using miRNA arrays with several limitations, to the recent NGS-derived miRNA expression profiles, an accurate diagnostic panel of a comprehensive pre-specified set of miRNAs that could aid timely identification of specific cancer stages is still elusive, mainly because of the heterogeneity of the approaches and the samples. Herein, we summarize the existing studies that report several miRNAs as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CM. Using publicly available NGS data, we analyzed the correlation of specific miRNA expression profiles with the expression signatures of known gene targets. Combining network analytics with machine learning, we developed specific non-linear classification models that could successfully predict CM recurrence and metastasis, based on two newly identified miRNA signatures. Subsequent unbiased analyses and independent test sets (i.e., a dataset not used for training, as a validation cohort) using our prediction models resulted in 73.85% and 82.09% accuracy in predicting CM recurrence and metastasis, respectively. Overall, our approach combines detailed analysis of miRNA profiles with heuristic optimization and machine learning, which facilitates dimensionality reduction and optimization of the prediction models. Our approach provides an improved prediction strategy that could serve as an auxiliary tool towards precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli Korfiati
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Katerina Grafanaki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Ilias Skeparnias
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - George Sakellaropoulos
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (G.S.)
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21
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Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Rabiei N, Piroozmand H, Vosough M, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. The role of non-coding RNAs in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:892-926. [PMID: 34760336 PMCID: PMC8551789 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal, gastric, hepatic, esophageal, and pancreatic tumors, are responsible for large numbers of deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is the most common approach used to treat advanced GI cancer. However, chemoresistance has emerged as a critical challenge that prevents successful tumor elimination, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Chemoresistance mechanisms are complex, and many factors and pathways are involved. Among these factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of GI tumor development and subsequently can induce resistance to chemotherapy. This occurs because ncRNAs can target multiple signaling pathways, affect downstream genes, and modulate proliferation, apoptosis, tumor cell migration, and autophagy. ncRNAs can also induce cancer stem cell features and affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, ncRNAs could possibly act as new targets in chemotherapy combinations to treat GI cancer and to predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Piroozmand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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22
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Svendsen HA, Meling TR, Nygaard V, Waagene S, Russnes H, Juell S, Rogne SG, Pahnke J, Helseth E, Fodstad Ø, Mælandsmo GM. Novel human melanoma brain metastasis models in athymic nude fox1 nu mice: Site-specific metastasis patterns reflecting their clinical origin. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8604-8613. [PMID: 34612023 PMCID: PMC8633237 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanomas frequently metastasize to the brain, but metastases in the cerebellum are underrepresented compared with metastases in the cerebrum. METHODS We established animal models by injecting intracardially in athymic nude fox1nu mice two human melanoma cell lines, originating from a cerebral metastasis (HM19) and a cerebellar metastasis (HM86). RESULTS Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), metastases were first detected after a mean of 34.5 days. Mean survival time was 59.6 days for the mice in the HM86 group and significantly shorter (43.7 days) for HM19-injected animals (p < 0.001). In the HM86 group, the first detectable metastasis was located in the cerebellum in 15/55 (29%) mice compared with none in the HM19 group (p < 0.001). At sacrifice, cerebellar metastases were found in 34/55 (63%) HM86-injected mice compared with 1/53 (2%) in the HM19-injected (p < 0.001) mice. At that time, all mice in both groups had detectable metastases in the cerebrum. Comparing macroscopic and histologic appearances of the brain metastases with their clinical counterparts, the cell line-based tumors had kept their original morphologic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The present work demonstrates that human brain-metastatic melanoma cells injected intracardially in mice had retained inherent characteristics also in reproducing interaction with subtle microenvironmental brain tissue compartment-specific features. The models offer new possibilities for investigating tumor- and host-associated factors involved in determining tissue specificity of brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik A. Svendsen
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Torstein R. Meling
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Vigdis Nygaard
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Stein Waagene
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Hege Russnes
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Siri Juell
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Siril G. Rogne
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- LIEDUniversity of LübeckJenaGermany
- Department of PharmacologyMedical FacultyUniversity of LatviaRigaLatvia
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
- Østfold Hospital TrustGrålumNorway
| | - Gunhild M. Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
- Institute of Medical BiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Tromsø ‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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23
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Sempere LF, Azmi AS, Moore A. microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1662. [PMID: 33998154 PMCID: PMC8519065 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost two decades since the first link between microRNAs and cancer was established. In the ensuing years, this abundant class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs has been studied in virtually all cancer types. This tremendously large body of research has generated innovative technological advances for detection of microRNAs in tissue and bodily fluids, identified the diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive value of individual microRNAs or microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for patient management, shed light on regulatory mechanisms of RNA-RNA interactions that modulate gene expression, uncovered cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell communication roles of specific microRNAs, and developed a battery of viral and nonviral delivery approaches for therapeutic intervention. Despite these intense and prolific research efforts in preclinical and clinical settings, there are a limited number of microRNA-based applications that have been incorporated into clinical practice. We review recent literature and ongoing clinical trials that highlight most promising approaches and standing challenges to translate these findings into viable microRNA-based clinical tools for cancer medicine. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Department of Radiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Anna Moore
- Departments of Radiology and Physiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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24
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M. MicroRNA Signature in Melanoma: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608987. [PMID: 33968718 PMCID: PMC8100681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the utmost fatal kind of skin neoplasms. Molecular changes occurring during the pathogenic processes of initiation and progression of melanoma are diverse and include activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes, hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, inactivation of p53 and alterations in CDK4/CDKN2A axis. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified to be implicated in the biology of melanoma through modulation of expression of genes being involved in these pathways. In the current review, we provide a summary of the bulk of information about the role of miRNAs in the pathobiology of melanoma, their possible application as biomarkers and their emerging role as therapeutic targets for this kind of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Tian Y, Zeng J, Yang Z. MicroRNA-27b inhibits the development of melanoma by targeting MYC. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:370. [PMID: 33747226 PMCID: PMC7967934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a malignancy with one of the fastest increasing incidence rates worldwide; however, the mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of melanoma remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify novel biomarkers for the occurrence and development of melanoma. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-27b were decreased in melanoma tissue samples compared with those in adjacent noncancerous tissue samples and cells according to online and experimental data. By contrast, MYC expression levels were upregulated in melanoma compared with those in adjacent noncancerous tissue samples. miR-27b overexpression significantly inhibited A375 and A2085 melanoma cell DNA synthesis, viability and invasive ability. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that miR-27b inhibited MYC expression through binding to the 3′-untranslated region of MYC mRNA. MYC knockdown in melanoma cells exerted similar effects to those of miR-27b overexpression on DNA synthesis, cell viability and invasive ability; the effects of miR-27b inhibition were significantly reversed by MYC knockdown. In conclusion, the miR-27b/MYC axis may modulate malignant melanoma cell biological behaviors and may be a potential target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Juanni Zeng
- Department of Anorectal Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Zongliang Yang
- Department of Anorectal Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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26
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Rouhanizadeh N, Mokhtari M, Hajialiasgar S. Investigation of microRNA-10b values for the discrimination of metastasis due to melanoma. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:108. [PMID: 35126571 PMCID: PMC8765503 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_573_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is one of the most invasive cutaneous cancers with characteristics such as rapid progression and distant metastasis. The early diagnosis and staging of melanoma can help better manage the patients. The current study is aimed to assess the values of microRNA-10b (miRNA-10b) in the discrimination of metastatic melanomas. Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study has been conducted on forty patients diagnosed with melanoma since 2011. Cell culture of melanoma cell lines derived from the cancerous tissue, including WM115, BLM, K1735, WM793, and A375M, was cultured. In order to assess miRNA-10b levels, the real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized. The absence (n = 20)/presence (n = 20) of metastasis was diagnosed with chest computed tomography or chest X-ray. The values of miRNA-10b for the discrimination of metastasis incidence were assessed. Results: The demographic characteristics, including age and gender of the metastatic and nonmetastatic patients, were similar (P > 0.05). The specimen cultures were positive for miRNA-10b in 14 (35%) of the metastatic cases versus 4 (20%) of the nonmetastatic ones (P = 0.004). The quantitative analysis of miR-2b revealed significantly higher levels in metastatic cases (−1.59 ± 1.13 in metastatic vs. −0.16 ± 0.67 in nonmetastatic cases; P = 0.001). The measured area under the curve for the value of miRNA-10b was 0.923 (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 0.811–1) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 94.4%. Conclusion: Based on this study, metastatic melanoma was associated with elevated levels of miRNA-10b. This marker had the sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 94.4% for the discrimination of metastatic melanoma from nonmetastatic ones.
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27
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Bustos MA, Gross R, Rahimzadeh N, Cole H, Tran LT, Tran KD, Takeshima L, Stern SL, O’Day S, Hoon DSB. A Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy of Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels Versus Circulating Cell-Free microRNAs in Monitoring Responses to Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113361. [PMID: 33202891 PMCID: PMC7696545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Improvement in melanoma patients with metastatic disease is needed to better assess immunotherapies. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is currently an accepted biomarker for stage IV, but it has limited utility for stage III melanoma patients. Thus, finding biomarkers for metastatic melanoma is important not only to identify progressive melanoma tumors, but also to monitor patients under checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CII). The aim of this pilot study was to demonstrate the utility of circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRs) as potential blood biomarkers for stage III and IV melanoma patients compared to LDH. To accomplish this aim, we profiled for cfmiR the plasma of metastatic melanoma patients before and during CII treatment, and compared them to normal healthy donors’ samples. The cfmiR profiling was performed using an NGS-based miRNA assay, which requires no extraction and a small volume input. We found specific cfmiR signatures in stage III and IV metastatic melanoma patients. As a proof of concept, our results showed that certain cfmiRs are associated with CII outcomes. Abstract Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a standard prognostic biomarker for stage IV melanoma patients. Often, LDH levels do not provide real-time information about the metastatic melanoma patients’ disease status and treatment response. Therefore, there is a need to find reliable blood biomarkers for improved monitoring of metastatic melanoma patients who are undergoing checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CII). The objective in this prospective pilot study was to discover circulating cell-free microRNA (cfmiR) signatures in the plasma that could assess melanoma patients’ responses during CII. The cfmiRs were evaluated by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) HTG EdgeSeq microRNA (miR) Whole Transcriptome Assay (WTA; 2083 miRs) in 158 plasma samples obtained before and during the course of CII from 47 AJCC stage III/IV melanoma patients’ and 73 normal donors’ plasma samples. Initially, cfmiR profiles for pre- and post-treatment plasma samples of stage IV non-responder melanoma patients were compared to normal donors’ plasma samples. Using machine learning, we identified a 9 cfmiR signature that was associated with stage IV melanoma patients being non-responsive to CII. These cfmiRs were compared in pre- and post-treatment plasma samples from stage IV melanoma patients that showed good responses. Circulating miR-4649-3p, miR-615-3p, and miR-1234-3p demonstrated potential prognostic utility in assessing CII responses. Compared to LDH levels during CII, circulating miR-615-3p levels were consistently more efficient in detecting melanoma patients undergoing CII who developed progressive disease. By combining stage III/IV patients, 92 and 17 differentially expressed cfmiRs were identified in pre-treatment plasma samples from responder and non-responder patients, respectively. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrated cfmiRs that identified treatment responses and could allow for real-time monitoring of patients receiving CII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias A. Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebecca Gross
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
| | - Negin Rahimzadeh
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
| | - Hunter Cole
- Department of Immuno-Oncology and Clinical Research, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (H.C.); O' (S.O.)
| | - Linh T. Tran
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (L.T.T.); (K.D.T.)
| | - Kevin D. Tran
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (L.T.T.); (K.D.T.)
| | - Ling Takeshima
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
| | - Stacey L. Stern
- Department of Biostatistics, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA;
| | - Steven O’Day
- Department of Immuno-Oncology and Clinical Research, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (H.C.); O' (S.O.)
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (L.T.T.); (K.D.T.)
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28
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De Martino E, Brunetti D, Canzonieri V, Conforti C, Eisendle K, Mazzoleni G, Nobile C, Rao F, Zschocke J, Jukic E, Jaschke W, Weinlich G, Zelger B, Schmuth M, Stanta G, Zanconati F, Zalaudek I, Bonin S. The Association of Residential Altitude on the Molecular Profile and Survival of Melanoma: Results of an Interreg Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2796. [PMID: 33003444 PMCID: PMC7599639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence is rising worldwide and is the primary cause of death from skin disease in the Western world. Personal risk factors linked to environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are well-known etiological factors contributing to its development. Nevertheless, UVR can contribute to the development of CM in different patterns and to varying degrees. The present study aimed at investigating whether altitude of residence can contribute to the development of specific types of CM and/or influence its progression. To this aim, 306 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from primary CM diagnosed in different geographical areas were submitted to B-RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and N-RAS proto-oncogene GTPase (NRAS) mutational status detection and mRNA and miRNA profiling by qPCR. Genes were chosen for their functions in specific processes, such as immune response (CD2, PDL1, or CD274) and pigmentation (MITF, TYRP1, and TRPM1). Furthermore, four microRNAs, namely miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-211-5p, were included in the profiling. Our results highlight differences in the gene expression profile of primary CM with respect to the geographical area and the altitude of residence. Melanoma-specific survival was influenced by the gene expression of mRNA and miRNAs and varied with the altitude of patients' residence. In detail, TYRP1 and miR-204-5p were highly expressed in patients living at higher altitudes, unlike miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-211-5p. Since miRNAs are highly regulated by reactive oxygen species, it is possible that different regulatory mechanisms characterize CMs at different altitudes due to the different environment and UVR intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Martino
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Davide Brunetti
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Claudio Conforti
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Guido Mazzoleni
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Carla Nobile
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Federica Rao
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.Z.); (E.J.)
| | - Emina Jukic
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.Z.); (E.J.)
| | - Wolfram Jaschke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Georg Weinlich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Bernhard Zelger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgio Stanta
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Bonin
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
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Xiao Y, Peng S, Hu Y, Zhang J, Cao X. Development and validation of prognostic nomogram in patients with nonmetastatic malignant melanoma: a SEER population-based study. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8562-8570. [PMID: 32941704 PMCID: PMC7666721 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The condition of tumor recurrence and overall death can be worried in the progress of nonmetastatic malignant melanoma (NMMM). Our goal was to construct and validate a prognostic nomogram from a large population database, which is vital for physicians to predict the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with NMMM. METHODS According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, patients were collected and randomly assigned into the training and validation cohorts. Several independent risk factors were identified based on the methods of univariable and multivariable cox hazards regression and were incorporated to develop a nomogram. The concordance index (C-index), the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curve and calibration plot were confirmed to assess predictive power of the nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to measure nomogram for the clinical practice. RESULTS A total of 66192 eligible patients, randomly assigned into 70% of training (n = 46 336) and 30% of validation cohorts (n = 19 856), were selected in this study. The selected independent factors were applied to develop a nomogram, and validated indexes indicated nomogram had a good discrimination ability. The C-index for OS rates was 0.817 (95% CI: 0.811-0.823) in training cohort and 0.817 (95% CI: 0.809-0.825) in validation cohort, respectively. The AUCs of 3- and 5-year OS rates were more than 0.79, and the calibration plots also showed a good power for the nomogram. DCA demonstrated that constructed nomogram can provide clinical net benefit. CONCLUSION We constructed a novel nomogram that more accurately and comprehensively predict OS with nonmetastatic malignant melanoma patients, which is vital for clinician to improve individual treatment, make reasonable clinical decisions, and set appropriate follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianwei Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Nikolouzakis TK, Falzone L, Lasithiotakis K, Krüger-Krasagakis S, Kalogeraki A, Sifaki M, Spandidos DA, Chrysos E, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Current and Future Trends in Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Purposes in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2868. [PMID: 32899768 PMCID: PMC7564050 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer represents the most common type of cancer among Caucasians and presents in two main forms: melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC is an umbrella term, under which basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) are found along with the pre-neoplastic lesions, Bowen disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK). Due to the mild nature of the majority of NMSC cases, research regarding their biology has attracted much less attention. Nonetheless, NMSC can bear unfavorable characteristics for the patient, such as invasiveness, local recurrence and distant metastases. In addition, late diagnosis is relatively common for a number of cases of NMSC due to the inability to recognize such cases. Recognizing the need for clinically and economically efficient modes of diagnosis, staging, and prognosis, the present review discusses the main etiological and pathological features of NMSC as well as the new and promising molecular biomarkers available including telomere length (TL), telomerase activity (TA), CpG island methylation (CIM), histone methylation and acetylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and micronuclei frequency (MNf). The evaluation of all these aspects is important for the correct management of NMSC; therefore, the current review aims to assist future studies interested in exploring the diagnostic and prognostic potential of molecular biomarkers for these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konstantinos Lasithiotakis
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.L.); (E.C.)
| | | | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Maria Sifaki
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Chrysos
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
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Soffietti R, Ahluwalia M, Lin N, Rudà R. Management of brain metastases according to molecular subtypes. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:557-574. [PMID: 32873927 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases has markedly increased in the past 20 years owing to progress in the treatment of malignant solid tumours, earlier diagnosis by MRI and an ageing population. Although local therapies remain the mainstay of treatment for many patients with brain metastases, a growing number of systemic options are now available and/or are under active investigation. HER2-targeted therapies (lapatinib, neratinib, tucatinib and trastuzumab emtansine), alone or in combination, yield a number of intracranial responses in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. New inhibitors are being investigated in brain metastases from ER-positive or triple-negative breast cancer. Several generations of EGFR and ALK inhibitors have shown activity on brain metastases from EGFR and ALK mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) hold promise in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer without druggable mutations and in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. The survival of patients with brain metastases from melanoma has substantially improved after the advent of BRAF inhibitors and ICIs (ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab). The combination of targeted agents or ICIs with stereotactic radiosurgery could further improve the response rates and survival but the risk of radiation necrosis should be monitored. Advanced neuroimaging and liquid biopsy will hopefully improve response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Soffietti
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Manmeet Ahluwalia
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Taussig Center Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 promotes tumorigenesis through regulation of miR-150-5p/RAB9A in melanoma. Melanoma Res 2020; 29:569-581. [PMID: 30889053 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and one of the most aggressive cancers. ZFAS1 is a newly identified lncRNA, playing an oncogenic role in several types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of ZFAS1-induced regulation of melanoma. ZFAS1 expression was increased in melanoma tissues and cells compared with normal controls. ZFAS1 expression in metastatic tissues was higher than that in nonmetastatic subjects. Higher expression of ZFAS1 predicted lower survival rates. Knockdown of ZFAS1 decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, decreased migration and invasion, and reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition potential in melanoma cells. Moreover, ZFAS1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. There was a direct binding between ZFAS1 and miR-150-5p. ZFAS1 negatively regulated miR-150-5p expression and upregulation of miR-150-5p was involved in ZFAS1 knockdown-induced effect on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Using bioinformatics, we predicted the binding between RAB9A and miR-150-5p, and the direct interaction between RAB9A and miR-150-5p was confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. We also showed that RAB9A expression was regulated negatively by miR-150-5p, but was regulated positively by ZFAS1. Downregulation of RAB9A significantly inhibited the increase in proliferation, decrease in apoptosis, and increase in migration and invasion induced by miR-150-5p inhibitors. Moreover, RAB9A knockdown decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and decreased migration and invasion in melanoma cells. In summary, we confirmed the tumor-promoting role of ZFAS1 in melanoma and provide evidence for the role and mechanism of the ZFAS1/miR-150-5p/RAB9A axis. These findings may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Bustos MA, Tran KD, Rahimzadeh N, Gross R, Lin SY, Shoji Y, Murakami T, Boley CL, Tran LT, Cole H, Kelly DF, O’Day S, Hoon DSB. Integrated Assessment of Circulating Cell-Free MicroRNA Signatures in Plasma of Patients with Melanoma Brain Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1692. [PMID: 32630542 PMCID: PMC7352246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous melanoma frequently metastasizes to distant organs including the brain. Identification of cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRs) found in the blood can be used as potential body fluid biomarkers for detecting and monitoring patients with melanoma brain metastasis (MBM). In this pilot study, we initially aimed to identify cfmiRs in the blood of MBM patients. Normal donors plasma (healthy, n = 48) and pre-operative MBM patients' plasma samples (n = 36) were compared for differences in >2000 microRNAs (miRs) using a next generation sequencing (NGS) probe-based assay. A 74 cfmiR signature was identified in an initial cohort of MBM plasma samples and then verified in a second cohort of MBM plasma samples (n = 24). Of these, only 58 cfmiRs were also detected in MBM tissues (n = 24). CfmiR signatures were also found in patients who have lung and breast cancer brain metastasis (n = 13) and glioblastomas (n = 36) compared to MBM plasma samples. The 74 cfmiR signature and the latter cfmiR signatures were then compared. We found a 6 cfmiR signature that was commonly upregulated in MBM plasma samples in all of the comparisons, and a 29 cfmiR signature that distinguishes MBM patients from normal donors' samples. In addition, we assessed for cfmiRs in plasma (n = 20) and urine (n = 14) samples collected from metastatic melanoma patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CII). Pre- and post-treatment samples showed consistent changes in cfmiRs. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment plasma samples showed 8 differentially expressed (DE) cfmiRs that overlapped with the 35 cfmiR signature found in MBM patients. In paired pre-treatment plasma and urine samples receiving CII 8 cfmiRs overlapped. This study identified specific cfmiRs in MBM plasma samples that may potentially allow for assessment of melanoma patients developing MBM. The cfmiR signatures identified in both blood and urine may have potential utility to assess CII responses after further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias A. Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (M.A.B.); (N.R.); (R.G.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Kevin D. Tran
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (K.D.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Negin Rahimzadeh
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (M.A.B.); (N.R.); (R.G.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Rebecca Gross
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (M.A.B.); (N.R.); (R.G.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Selena Y. Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (M.A.B.); (N.R.); (R.G.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (M.A.B.); (N.R.); (R.G.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Murakami
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (M.A.B.); (N.R.); (R.G.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Christine L. Boley
- Department of Immuno-Oncology and Clinical Research, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (C.L.B.); (H.C.); O’
| | - Linh T. Tran
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (K.D.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Hunter Cole
- Department of Immuno-Oncology and Clinical Research, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (C.L.B.); (H.C.); O’
| | - Daniel F. Kelly
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA;
| | - Steven O’Day
- Department of Immuno-Oncology and Clinical Research, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (C.L.B.); (H.C.); O’
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (M.A.B.); (N.R.); (R.G.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (T.M.)
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (K.D.T.); (L.T.T.)
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Zhou S, Xu A, Song T, Gao F, Sun H, Kong X. lncRNA MIAT Regulates Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion Through Sponging miR-150-5p in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:650-660. [PMID: 32186927 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MIAT (myocardial infarction-associated transcript) regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in several cancers. In this study, the authors aimed to explore the role of MIAT in ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: The expression of MIAT in ovarian cancer subtypes, normal human ovarian surface epithelial and ovarian cancer cell lines was measured by qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells were transfected with MIAT overexpression plasmid or siMIAT. The cell growth ability was then evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The cell migration and invasion rate were separately measured by wound-healing and transwell assays. The levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers were evaluated by Western blotting. MIAT sponging miR-150-5p was predicted by starBase and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The expression of miR-150-5p in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells with MIAT overexpression or knockdown, and in ovarian cancer subtypes was also measured by qRT-PCR. Further analyses confirmed the role of MIAT sponging miR-150-5p in ovarian cancer cells. Results: MIAT was highly expressed in mesenchymal subtype ovarian cancer tissues and ovarian cancer cells. In OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells, overexpression of MIAT promoted, and knockdown of MIAT suppressed the cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT. miR-150-5p was sponged and regulated by MIAT. miR-150-5p was downregulated in mesenchymal subtype ovarian cancer. Suppression of cell migration, invasion, and EMT caused by miR-150-5p overexpression was rescued by MIAT overexpression. Conclusions: MIAT acts as an oncogene in ovarian cancer cells through sponging miR-150-5p. MIAT or miR-150-5p expression might be a potential prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer patients. MIAT and miR-150-5p are potential therapeutic targets in treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiyang Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aili Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tiefang Song
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haizhu Sun
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianchao Kong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Xiong J, Su Y, Bing Z, Zhao B. Survival between synchronous and non-synchronous multiple primary cutaneous melanomas-a SEER database analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8316. [PMID: 31915586 PMCID: PMC6944097 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no criterion to distinguish synchronous and non-synchronous multiple primary cutaneous melanomas (MPMs). This study aimed to distinguish synchronous and non-synchronous MPMs and compare the survivals of them using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Methods Synchronous and non-synchronous MPMs were distinguished by fitting the double log transformed distribution of the time interval between the first and second primary cutaneous melanomas (TIFtS) through a piecewise linear regression. The overall and melanoma-specific survivals were compared by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model through modeling the occurrence of synchronous MPMs as a time-dependent variable. Results The distribution of TIFtS was composed by three power-law distributions. According to its first inflection point, synchronous MPMs were defined as tumors that occurred within 2 months. The Kaplain-Meier plot revealed a significant inferior survival for synchronous MPMs than non-synchronous MPMs (P < 0.0001), and the occurrence of synchronous MPM was a risk factor for overall survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) (hazard ratio: 2.213; (95% CI [2.087-2.346]); P < 0.0001). Conclusions This study provided data analysis evidences for using 2 months to distinguish synchronous MPMs and non-synchronous MPMs. Furthermore, the occurrence of synchronous MPM was a risk factor for prognosis of patients with CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanlin Su
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhitong Bing
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bihai Zhao
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xu Y, Wang L, Jiang L, Zhang X. Novel MicroRNA Biomarkers, miR-142-5p, miR-550a, miR-1826, and miR-1201, Were Identified for Primary Melanoma. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:815-824. [PMID: 31526187 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to identify novel miRNA biomarkers and explore the cooperative function of multi-RNAs in the progress of primary melanoma. The miRNA expression profile GSE62370 generated from 9 congenital nevi and 92 primary melanoma samples was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs between primary melanoma and congenital nevi were compared and the target genes of them were selected. Pathway enrichment analysis and protein/protein interaction (PPI) network of miRNA target genes were performed. In addition, the differential expression of miRNAs to identify the tumor stage-dependent differences in miRNA expression was analyzed. Differentially expressed miRNAs, including 6 upregulated and 23 downregulated, were found in primary melanoma. Besides, the miRNA-associated gene regulatory network revealed 274 nodes, including miR-142-5p and miR-125b, and 307 miRNA-target pairs. miRNA-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, such as melanoma, was found. Target genes in the PPI module were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways. Finally, the melanoma stage-related overexpressed miR-142-5p and the downregulated miR-550, miR-1826, miR-1201, miR-205, and miR-125b were identified. Some validated miRNAs, including miR-125a/b, let-7a/b, and miR-205, were found and illustrated the reliability of our study. Four novel miRNAs, including miR-142-5p, miR-550a, miR-1826, and miR-1201, were considered to have potential prognostic values for primary melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanxiang Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Qiu H, Chen F, Chen M. MicroRNA-138 negatively regulates the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to suppress melanoma growth and metastasis. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/8/bio042937. [PMID: 31371307 PMCID: PMC6737980 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma with rapid progression towards metastasis has become the deadliest form of skin cancer. However, the mechanism of melanoma growth and metastasis is still unclear. Here, we found that miRNA-138 was lowly expressed and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) was highly expressed in patients’ melanoma tissue compared with the paracancerous tissues, and they had a significant negative correlation (r=−0.877, P<0.001). Patients with miRNA-138low/HIF1αhigh signatures were predominant in late stage III/IV of melanoma. Further, bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that miRNA-138 directly targeted HIF1α. We found that the introduction of pre-miRNA-138 sequences to A375 cells reduced HIF1α mRNA expression and suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Overexpression of miRNA-138 or inhibition of HIF1α significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of melanoma in vivo. Our study demonstrates the role and clinical relevance of miRNA-138 and HIF1α in melanoma cell growth and metastasis, providing a novel therapeutic target for suppression of melanoma growth and metastasis. Summary: Our study demonstrates the role and clinical relevance of miRNA-138 and HIF1α in melanoma cell growth and metastasis, providing a novel therapeutic target for suppression of melanoma growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, the Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Fangchao Chen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, the Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Minjun Chen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, the Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Xiong J, Bing Z, Guo S. Observed Survival Interval: A Supplement to TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E280. [PMID: 30813652 PMCID: PMC6468755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To drive high-quality omics translational research using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, a TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource was proposed. However, there is an out-of-step issue between clinical outcomes and the omics data of TCGA for skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), due to the majority of metastatic samples. In clinical cases, the survival time started from the initial SKCM diagnosis, while the omics data were characterized at TCGA sampling. This study aimed to address this issue by proposing an observed survival interval (OBS), which was defined as the time interval from TCGA sampling to patient death or last follow-up. We compared the OBS with the usual recommended overall survival (OS) by associating them with both clinical data and microRNA sequencing data of TCGA-SKCM. We found that the OS of primary SKCM was significantly shorter than that of metastatic SKCM, while the opposite happened if OBS was compared. OS was associated with the pathological stage of both primary and metastatic SKCM, while OBS was associated with the pathological stage of primary SKCM but not that of metastatic SKCM. Five previously cross-validated survival-associated microRNAs were found to be associated with the OBS rather than OS in metastatic SKCM. Thus, the OBS was more appropriate for associating microRNA-omics data of TCGA-SKCM than OS, and it is a timely supplement to TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Zhitong Bing
- Department of Computational Physics, Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shengyu Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
- Department of Public Management, College of Economic Management, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
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Falzone L, Romano GL, Salemi R, Bucolo C, Tomasello B, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Spandidos DA, Libra M, Candido S. Prognostic significance of deregulated microRNAs in uveal melanomas. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2599-2610. [PMID: 30816460 PMCID: PMC6423615 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) represents the most frequent primary tumor of the eye. Despite the development of new drugs and screening programs, the prognosis of patients with UM remains poor and no effective prognostic biomarkers are yet able to identify high-risk patients. Therefore, in the present study, microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression data, contained in the TCGA UM (UVM) database, were analyzed in order to identify a set of miRNAs with prognostic significance to be used as biomarkers in clinical practice. Patients were stratified into 2 groups, including tumor stage (high-grade vs. low-grade) and status (deceased vs. alive); differential analyses of miRNA expression among these groups were performed. A total of 20 deregulated miRNAs for each group were identified. In total 7 miRNAs were common between the groups. The majority of common miRNAs belonged to the miR-506-514 cluster, known to be involved in UM development. The prognostic value of the 20 selected miRNAs related to tumor stage was assessed. The deregulation of 12 miRNAs (6 upregulated and 6 downregulated) was associated with a worse prognosis of patients with UM. Subsequently, miRCancerdb and microRNA Data Integration Portal bioinformatics tools were used to identify a set of genes associated with the 20 miRNAs and to establish their interaction levels. By this approach, 53 different negatively and positively associated genes were identified. Finally, DIANA-mirPath prediction pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed on the lists of genes previously generated to establish their functional involvement in biological processes and molecular pathways. All the miRNAs and genes were involved in molecular pathways usually altered in cancer, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Overall, the findings of the presents study demonstrated that the miRNAs of the miR-506-514 cluster, hsa-miR-592 and hsa-miR-199a-5p were the most deregulated miRNAs in patients with high-grade disease compared to those with low-grade disease and were strictly related to the overall survival (OS) of the patients. However, further in vitro and translational approaches are required to validate these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina D Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Sabarimurugan S, Madurantakam Royam M, Das A, Das S, K M G, Jayaraj R. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prognostic Significance of miRNAs in Melanoma Patients. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 22:653-669. [PMID: 30259393 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer. The molecular variability involving microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a significant role in melanogenesis, which leads to poor prognostic effects in melanoma. Since there is a scarcity of comprehensive data on the prognostic role of miRNAs in melanoma patients, this study focuses on filling this knowledge gap through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The included studies were extracted from several bibliographic databases between 2012 and 2018 using multiple keywords according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for different survival endpoints were compared to the high and low expression levels of miRNAs. The mean effect size of HR values was estimated using a random-effects model of meta-analysis. Inverted funnel plot symmetry was used to assess publication bias. Subgroup analysis was carried out individually for multiple miRNAs across different studies. RESULTS A total of 24 studies across eight countries were included, of which 16 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Twenty-five miRNA expression levels were studied from 2669 melanoma patients to estimate the association between the prognostic role of miRNAs and survival outcome in these 16 studies. The overall pooled effect size (HR) for up- and downregulated miRNAs was 1.043 (95% CI 0.921-1.181; p = 0.506), indicating that the miRNA expression increased the likelihood of death in melanoma patients by 4.3%. Subgroup analysis for miRNA10b, miRNA16 and miRNA21 showed a poor prognosis. The quality assessment revealed that 16 studies were good quality and eight studies were of fair quality. CONCLUSION This is one of the first pooled meta-analysis studies on the role of miRNAs in the prognosis of melanoma. Our findings are inconclusive but suggest that miRNA expression could predict poor survival in melanoma patients. Therefore, miRNA expression could act as promising prognostic marker for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Sabarimurugan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ankita Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shrestha Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gothandam K M
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
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Buga AM, Docea AO, Albu C, Malin RD, Branisteanu DE, Ianosi G, Ianosi SL, Iordache A, Calina D. Molecular and cellular stratagem of brain metastases associated with melanoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4170-4175. [PMID: 30944612 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the central nervous system are the most prevalent complications of melanoma, especially in the late stage of disease. Melanoma, lung and breast cancer are the leading cause of secondary tumors in the brain, the majority of them having a poor outcome. Brain dissemination is developed in half of stage IV melanomas and these cases can increase up to 75%, having a major impact on the quality of life. This review will focus on recent findings that provide new ways to potentially prevent brain metastases in malignant melanoma. The key of these findings is based on the heterogeneity of the melanoma and of the brain metastases at genetic levels. This new era of technologies provides new tools in understanding the dissemination mechanisms of malignant cells. The cellular and molecular changes, the immune status of the patient and the blood-brain barrier permeability are key regulators of cancer cell dissemination. Understanding these mechanisms can render new hope in preventing brain metastases by focusing on melanoma and new pharmacologic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Buga
- Department of Functional Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.,Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ramona Denise Malin
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Gabriel Ianosi
- Department of Surgery, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Simona Laura Ianosi
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Iordache
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Molnár K, Végh AG, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Foe or friend? Janus-faces of the neurovascular unit in the formation of brain metastases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:563-587. [PMID: 28920514 PMCID: PMC5888855 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17732025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential obstacle represented by the blood-brain barrier for extravasating malignant cells, metastases are more frequent than primary tumors in the central nervous system. Not only tightly interconnected endothelial cells can hinder metastasis formation, other cells of the brain microenvironment (like astrocytes and microglia) can also be very hostile, destroying the large majority of metastatic cells. However, malignant cells that are able to overcome these harmful mechanisms may benefit from the shielding and even support provided by cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, rendering the brain a sanctuary site against anti-tumor strategies. Thus, cells of the neurovascular unit have a Janus-faced attitude towards brain metastatic cells, being both destructive and protective. In this review, we present the main mechanisms of brain metastasis formation, including those involved in extravasation through the brain vasculature and survival in the cerebral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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43
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Sun D, Wang X, Sui G, Chen S, Yu M, Zhang P. Downregulation of miR-374b-5p promotes chemotherapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer by upregulating multiple anti-apoptotic proteins. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1491-1503. [PMID: 29568910 PMCID: PMC5873836 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to first-line chemotherapeutic drugs such as gemcitabine contributes to the poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. By analyzing the miRNA sequencing dataset of pancreatic cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas, it was demonstrated that miR-374b-5p expression was dramatically reduced in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, as well as decreased in chemoresistant compared with chemosensitive pancreatic carcinoma tissues. The decreased expression of miR-374-5p was associated with poor overall and progression-free survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, increased expression of miR-374b-5p abrogated, while the silencing miR-374b-5p increased the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vitro. Importantly, the upregulation of miR-374b-5p ameliorated the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vivo. It was also demonstrated that miR-374b-5p targeted several anti-apoptotic proteins, including B-cell lymphoma 2, Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 3 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, which further attenuated chemo-resistance in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, the results of the current study indicate that miR-374b-5p serves as a potential diagnostic marker. It also suggests that miR-374b-5p sensitizes cells to chemotherapy and may be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine to treat patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Sui
- Department of Ultrasound, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Center for Private Medical Service and Healthcare, The First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Ayob AZ, Ramasamy TS. Cancer stem cells as key drivers of tumour progression. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:20. [PMID: 29506506 PMCID: PMC5838954 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cancer cells sharing similar characteristics as normal stem or progenitor cells such as self-renewal ability and multi-lineage differentiation to drive tumour growth and heterogeneity. Throughout the cancer progression, CSC can further be induced from differentiated cancer cells via the adaptation and cross-talks with the tumour microenvironment as well as a response from therapeutic pressures, therefore contributes to their heterogeneous phenotypes. Challengingly, conventional cancer treatments target the bulk of the tumour and are unable to target CSCs due to their highly resistance nature, leading to metastasis and tumour recurrence. MAIN BODY This review highlights the roles of CSCs in tumour initiation, progression and metastasis with a focus on the cellular and molecular regulators that influence their phenotypical changes and behaviours in the different stages of cancer progression. We delineate the cross-talks between CSCs with the tumour microenvironment that support their intrinsic properties including survival, stemness, quiescence and their cellular and molecular adaptation in response to therapeutic pressure. An insight into the distinct roles of CSCs in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis has been captured based on in vitro and in vivo evidences. CONCLUSION Given dynamic cellular events along the cancer progression and contributions of resistance nature by CSCs, understanding their molecular and cellular regulatory mechanism in a heterogeneous nature, provides significant cornerstone for the development of CSC-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ain Zubaidah Ayob
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Cell and Molecular Laboratory (CMBL), The Dean’s Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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45
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Chen R, Sheng L, Zhang HJ, Ji M, Qian WQ. miR-15b-5p facilitates the tumorigenicity by targeting RECK and predicts tumour recurrence in prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1855-1863. [PMID: 29363862 PMCID: PMC5824417 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to participate in many biological behaviours of multiple malignancies. Recent studies have shown that miR‐15b‐5p (miR‐15b) exhibits dual roles by accelerating or blocking tumour progression. However, the molecular mechanisms by which miR‐15b contributes to prostate cancer (PCa) are still elusive. Here, miR‐15b expression was found significantly up‐regulated in PCa in comparison with the normal samples and was positively correlated with age and Gleason score in patients with PCa. Notably, PCa patients with miR‐15b high expression displayed a higher recurrence rate than those with miR‐15b low expression (P = 0.0058). Knockdown of miR‐15b suppressed cell growth and invasiveness in 22RV1 and PC3 cells, while overexpression of miR‐15b reversed these effects. Then, we validated that RECK acted as a direct target of miR‐15b by dual‐luciferase assay and revealed the negative correlation of RECK with miR‐15b expression in PCa tissues. Ectopic expression of RECK reduced cell proliferation and invasive potential and partially abrogated the tumour‐promoting effects caused by miR‐15b overexpression. Additionally, miR‐15b knockdown inhibited tumour growth activity in a mouse PCa xenograft model. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR‐15b promotes the progression of PCa cells by targeting RECK and represents a potential marker for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Shanghai Dingdian Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Qian
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Nakka M, Allen-Rhoades W, Li Y, Kelly AJ, Shen J, Taylor AM, Barkauskas DA, Yustein JT, Andrulis IL, Wunder JS, Gorlick R, Meltzer PS, Lau CC, Man TK. Biomarker significance of plasma and tumor miR-21, miR-221, and miR-106a in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96738-96752. [PMID: 29228567 PMCID: PMC5722519 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Despite the use of surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy, osteosarcoma patients who have a poor response to chemotherapy or develop relapses have a dismal outcome. Identification of biomarkers for active disease may help to monitor tumor burden, detect early relapses, and predict prognosis in these patients. In this study, we examined whether circulating miRNAs can be used as biomarkers in osteosarcoma patients. We performed genome-wide miRNA profiling on a discovery cohort of osteosarcoma and control plasma samples. A total of 56 miRNAs were upregulated and 164 miRNAs were downregulated in osteosarcoma samples when compared to control plasma samples. miR-21, miR-221 and miR-106a were selected for further validation based on their known biological importance. We showed that all three circulating miRNAs were expressed significantly higher in osteosarcoma samples than normal samples in an independent cohort obtained from the Children's Oncology Group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21 was expressed significantly higher in osteosarcoma tumors compared with normal bone controls. More importantly, lower expressions of miR-21 and miR-221, but not miR-106a, significantly correlated with a poor outcome. In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-21, miR-221 and miR-106a were elevated in the circulation of osteosarcoma patients, whereas tumor expressions of miR-21 and miR-221 are prognostically significant. Further investigation of these miRNAs may lead to a better prognostic method and potential miRNA therapeutics for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Nakka
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy Allen-Rhoades
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiting Li
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron J. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron M. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Children’s Oncology Group, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jay S. Wunder
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ching C. Lau
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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47
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Moran B, Silva R, Perry AS, Gallagher WM. Epigenetics of malignant melanoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:80-88. [PMID: 29074395 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with malignant melanoma generally have a good prognosis if the disease presents prior to metastasis. Due to progress with targeted and immunotherapies, the median survival of metastatic melanoma patients is now over 2 years. The disease is characterised by one of the highest somatic mutation rates observed amongst cancer types, with a specific mutational signature based on UV radiation damage evident. Highly prevalent mutations, such as the BRAFV600E, in the MAPK cascade indicate truncal involvement of this pathway in the earliest stage of melanoma. The molecular sub-classification of melanoma based on genetic alterations is now well established. This has paved the way for researchers in epigenetics to investigate specific pathways of known importance, and the involvement of the diverse range of epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we review the literature to highlight that epigenetic alterations are integrally involved in this malignancy. We focus on the most current evidence around the epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation and demethylation including 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine; histone post-translational modifications including variant histones; chromatin remodelling complexes and in particular the polycomb-repressive complex PRC2 and its histone methyltransferase subunit EZH2; and non-coding RNAs. Each mechanism is described generally, studies involving melanoma are assessed and clinical relevance is highlighted where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Moran
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Romina Silva
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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48
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Ma X, He Z, Li L, Yang D, Liu G. Expression profiles analysis of long non-coding RNAs identified novel lncRNA biomarkers with predictive value in outcome of cutaneous melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77761-77770. [PMID: 29100423 PMCID: PMC5652813 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in cancer biology have identified a large number of lncRNAs that are dysregulated expression in the development and tumorigenesis of cancers, highlighting the importance of lncRNAs as a key player for human cancers. However, the prognostic value of lncRNAs still remains unclear and needs to be further investigated. In the present study, we aim to assess the prognostic value of lncRNAs in cutaneous melanoma by integrated lncRNA expression profiles from TCGA database and matched clinical information from a large cohort of patients with cutaneous melanoma. We finally identified a set of six lncRNAs that are significantly associated with survival of patients with cutaneous melanoma. A linear combination of six lncRNAs (LINC01260, HCP5, PIGBOS1, RP11-247L20.4, CTA-292E10.6 and CTB-113P19.5) was constructed as a six-lncRNA signature which classified patients of training cohort into the high-risk group and low-risk group with significantly different survival time. The prognostic value of the six-lncRNA signature was validated in both the validation cohort and entire TCGA cohort. Moreover, the six-lncRNA signature is independent of known clinic-pathological factors by multivariate Cox regression analysis and demonstrated good performance for predicting three- and five-year overall survival by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our study provides novel insights into the molecular heterogeneity of cutaneous melanoma and also shows potentially important implications of lncRNAs for prognosis and therapy for cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhijuan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Keller J, Diggs LP, Hsueh EC. Prognostic molecular testing in melanoma: ready for prime time? Melanoma Manag 2017; 4:171-174. [PMID: 30190922 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keller
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eddy C Hsueh
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
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50
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Grisard E, Nicoloso MS. Following MicroRNAs Through the Cancer Metastatic Cascade. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 333:173-228. [PMID: 28729025 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately a decade ago the first MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) participating in cancer metastasis were identified and metastmiRs were initially only a handful. Since those first reports, MiRNA research has explosively thrived, mainly due to their revolutionary mechanism of action and the hope of having at hand a novel tool to control cancer aggressiveness. This has ultimately led to delineate an almost impenetrable regulatory network: hundreds of MiRNAs transversally dominating every aspect of normal and cancer biology, each MiRNA having hundreds of targets and context-dependent activity. Providing a comprehensive description of MiRNA roles in cancer metastasis is a daunting task; nevertheless, we still believe that grasping the big picture of MiRNAs in cancer metastasis can give a different perspective on the potential insights and approaches that MiRNAs can offer to understand cancer complexity (e.g., as predictive and prognostic markers) and to tackle cancer metastasis (e.g., as therapeutic targets or tools). This chapter presents a schematic overview of the role of MiRNAs in governing cancer metastasis, describing step by step the cellular and molecular processes whereby cancer cells conquer distant organs and can grow as secondary tumors at different distant sites, and for each step, we will introduce how MiRNAs impinge on each one of them. We deeply apologize with our colleagues for any of their research work that, for clarity, for our effort to streamline and due to space limitations, we did not cite.
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