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Elazab IM, El-Feky OA, Khedr EG, El-Ashmawy NE. Prostate cancer and the cell cycle: Focusing on the role of microRNAs. Gene 2024; 928:148785. [PMID: 39053658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent solid tumor in terms of incidence and ranks second only to lung cancer in terms of cancer mortality among men. It has a considerably high mortality rate; around 375,000 deaths occurred worldwide in 2020. In 2024, the American Cancer Society estimated that the number of new prostate cancer cases will be around 299,010 cases, and the estimated deaths will be around 32,250 deaths only in the USA. Cell cycle dysregulation is inevitable in cancer etiology and is targeted by various therapies in cancer treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding regulatory molecules involved in both normal and abnormal cellular events. One of the cellular processes regulated by miRNAs is the cell cycle. Although there are some exceptions, tumor suppressor miRNAs could potentially arrest the cell cycle by downregulating several molecular machineries involved in catalyzing the cell cycle progression. In contrast, oncogenic miRNAs (oncomirs) help the cell cycle to progress by targeting various regulatory proteins such as retinoblastoma (Rb) or cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 or p27, and hence may contribute to prostate cancer progression; however, this is not always the case. In this review, we emphasize how a dysregulated miRNA expression profile is linked to an abnormal cell cycle progression in prostate cancer, which subsequently paves the way to a new therapeutic option for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Elazab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ola A El-Feky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Eman G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, BUE, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Tian Y, Zhao H, Fu X. Periampullary cancer and neurological interactions: current understanding and future research directions. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370111. [PMID: 38567163 PMCID: PMC10985190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Periampullary cancer is a malignant tumor occurring around the ampullary region of the liver and pancreas, encompassing a variety of tissue types and sharing numerous biological characteristics, including interactions with the nervous system. The nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating organ development, maintaining physiological equilibrium, and ensuring life process plasticity, a role that is equally pivotal in oncology. Investigations into nerve-tumor interactions have unveiled their key part in controlling cancer progression, inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses, facilitating invasion and metastasis, and triggering neuropathic pain. Despite many mechanisms by which nerve fibers contribute to cancer advancement still being incompletely understood, the growing emphasis on the significance of nerves within the tumor microenvironment in recent years has set the stage for the development of groundbreaking therapies. This includes combining current neuroactive medications with established therapeutic protocols. This review centers on the mechanisms of Periampullary cancer's interactions with nerves, the influence of various types of nerve innervation on cancer evolution, and outlines the horizons for ongoing and forthcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zi’ang Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanzhang Tian
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- General Surgery Department , Shanxi Bethune Hospital/General Surgery Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoliang Zhao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- General Surgery Department , Shanxi Bethune Hospital/General Surgery Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifeng Fu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- General Surgery Department , Shanxi Bethune Hospital/General Surgery Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang J, Wei J, Pu T, Zeng A, Karthikeyan V, Bechtold B, Vo K, Chen J, Lin TP, Chang AP, Corey E, Puhr M, Klocker H, Culig Z, Bland T, Wu BJ. Cholinergic signaling via muscarinic M1 receptor confers resistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101388. [PMID: 38262412 PMCID: PMC10897519 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Docetaxel is the most commonly used chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer (PC), including castration-resistant disease (CRPC), but the eventual development of docetaxel resistance constitutes a major clinical challenge. Here, we demonstrate activation of the cholinergic muscarinic M1 receptor (CHRM1) in CRPC cells upon acquiring resistance to docetaxel, which is manifested in tumor tissues from PC patients post- vs. pre-docetaxel. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of CHRM1 restores the efficacy of docetaxel in resistant cells. Mechanistically, CHRM1, via its first and third extracellular loops, interacts with the SEMA domain of cMET and forms a heteroreceptor complex with cMET, stimulating a downstream mitogen-activated protein polykinase program to confer docetaxel resistance. Dicyclomine, a clinically available CHRM1-selective antagonist, reverts resistance and restricts the growth of multiple docetaxel-resistant CRPC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Our study reveals a CHRM1-dictated mechanism for docetaxel resistance and identifies a CHRM1-targeted combinatorial strategy for overcoming docetaxel resistance in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Alan Zeng
- Undergraduate Programs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Varsha Karthikeyan
- Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Baron Bechtold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Karen Vo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Amy P Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Puhr
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tyler Bland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Ni B, Yin Y, Li Z, Wang J, Wang X, Wang K. Crosstalk Between Peripheral Innervation and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1717-1731. [PMID: 37347365 PMCID: PMC10603023 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive growth, and therapy resistance, leading to a poor overall prognosis. Emerging evidence shows that the peripheral nerve is an important non-tumor component in the tumor microenvironment that regulates tumor growth and immune escape. The crosstalk between the neuronal system and PDAC has become a hot research topic that may provide novel mechanisms underlying tumor progression and further uncover promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of perineural invasion and the role of various types of tumor innervation in the progression of PDAC, summarize the potential signaling pathways modulating the neuronal-cancer interaction, and discuss the current and future therapeutic possibilities for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yiqing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Junjin Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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5
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Rezaei S, Nikpanjeh N, Rezaee A, Gholami S, Hashemipour R, Biavarz N, Yousefi F, Tashakori A, Salmani F, Rajabi R, Khorrami R, Nabavi N, Ren J, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Zandieh MA, Hushmandi K, Wang Y. PI3K/Akt signaling in urological cancers: Tumorigenesis function, therapeutic potential, and therapy response regulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175909. [PMID: 37490949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In addition to environmental conditions, lifestyle factors, and chemical exposure, aberrant gene expression and mutations involve in the beginning and development of urological tumors. Even in Western nations, urological malignancies are among the top causes of patient death, and their prevalence appears to be gender dependent. The prognosis for individuals with urological malignancies remains dismal and unfavorable due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatment methods. PI3K/Akt is a popular biochemical mechanism that is activated in tumor cells as a result of PTEN loss. PI3K/Akt escalates growth and metastasis. Moreover, due to the increase in tumor cell viability caused by PI3K/Akt activation, cancer cells may acquire resistance to treatment. This review article examines the function of PI3K/Akt in major urological tumors including bladder, prostate, and renal tumors. In prostate, bladder, and kidney tumors, the level of PI3K and Akt are notably elevated. In addition, the activation of PI3K/Akt enhances the levels of Bcl-2 and XIAP, hence increasing the tumor cell survival rate. PI3K/Akt ] upregulates EMT pathways and matrix metalloproteinase expression to increase urological cancer metastasis. Furthermore, stimulation of PI3K/Akt results in drug- and radio-resistant cancers, but its suppression by anti-tumor drugs impedes the tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rezaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Nikpanjeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Rezaee
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Gholami
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Hashemipour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Negin Biavarz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Tashakori
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Salmani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Cheng S, Li J, Xu M, Bao Q, Wu J, Sun P, Han B. TMEM147 Correlates with Immune Infiltration and Serve as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:4413049. [PMID: 37305689 PMCID: PMC10257544 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4413049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and is associated with high mortality. Transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) is a seven-transmembrane protein that may mediate immune regulation. However, the relevance of TMEM147 to immune regulation in HCC and the prognosis of HCC patients are unclear. Methods We analyzed TMEM147 expression in HCC by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis of tumor tissues and cell lines were used to verify TMEM147 expression in HCC. The influence of TMEM147 on HCC prognosis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis, and a prognostic nomogram. The functions of the TMEM147-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In addition, we examined the associations between TMEM147 expression and immune infiltration using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and immunofluorescence staining of HCC tissues. Results Our results showed that the expression of TMEM147 was significantly higher in human HCC tissues than in adjacent normal liver tissues, with similar findings in human HCC cell lines. High TMEM147 expression was correlated with T stage, pathological stage, histological grade, race, alpha-fetoprotein level, and vascular invasion in HCC. Moreover, we revealed that high TMEM147 expression was associated with shorter survival times and that TMEM147 could be a risk factor for overall survival, along with T stage, M stage, pathological stage, and tumor status. Mechanistic studies revealed that high TMEM147 expression was linked to the B lymphocyte, antigen response, IL6 signaling pathway, cell cycle, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling pathway, and myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) targets. Correspondingly, TMEM147 expression was positively associated with the infiltration of immune cells, including Th2 cells, follicular helper T cells, macrophages, and NK CD56 bright cells in HCC. Conclusions TMEM147 might be a biomarker for poor prognosis and is related to immune cell infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jutang Li
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qun Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jiaoxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
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Li S, Chen X, Chen J, Wu B, Liu J, Guo Y, Li M, Pu X. Multi-omics integration analysis of GPCRs in pan-cancer to uncover inter-omics relationships and potential driver genes. Comput Biol Med 2023; 161:106988. [PMID: 37201441 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest drug target family. Unfortunately, applications of GPCRs in cancer therapy are scarce due to very limited knowledge regarding their correlations with cancers. Multi-omics data enables systematic investigations of GPCRs, yet their effective integration remains a challenge due to the complexity of the data. Here, we adopt two types of integration strategies, multi-staged and meta-dimensional approaches, to fully characterize somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), DNA methylations, and mRNA expressions of GPCRs in 33 cancers. Results from the multi-staged integration reveal that GPCR mutations cannot well predict expression dysregulation. The correlations between expressions and SCNAs are primarily positive, while correlations of the methylations with expressions and SCNAs are bimodal with negative correlations predominating. Based on these correlations, 32 and 144 potential cancer-related GPCRs driven by aberrant SCNA and methylation are identified, respectively. In addition, the meta-dimensional integration analysis is carried out by using deep learning models, which predict more than one hundred GPCRs as potential oncogenes. When comparing results between the two integration strategies, 165 cancer-related GPCRs are common in both, suggesting that they should be prioritized in future studies. However, 172 GPCRs emerge in only one, indicating that the two integration strategies should be considered concurrently to complement the information missed by the other such that obtain a more comprehensive understanding. Finally, correlation analysis further reveals that GPCRs, in particular for the class A and adhesion receptors, are generally immune-related. In a whole, the work is for the first time to reveal the associations between different omics layers and highlight the necessity of combing the two strategies in identifying cancer-related GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jianfang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Binjian Wu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Kobayashi Y, Yokoi A, Hashimura M, Oguri Y, Konno R, Matsumoto T, Tochimoto M, Nakagawa M, Ishibashi Y, Ito T, Ohhigata K, Harada Y, Fukagawa N, Kodera Y, Saegusa M. Nucleobindin-2 mediates TGF-β1-driven phenotypes in ZEB1-high uterine carcinosarcoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023:S0002-9440(23)00168-2. [PMID: 37169340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a hallmark of uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). Here, we used shotgun proteomics analysis to identify biomarkers associated with blebbistatin-mediated EMT in UCS, and found upregulation of nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) in endometrial carcinoma (Em Ca) cells. Expression of N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and ZEB1, was reduced in NUCB2 knockout Em Ca cells, whereas ZEB1, Twist1, and vimentin were upregulated in NUCB2-overexpressing Em Ca cells. NUCB2 knockout reduced cell proliferation and migration, whereas NUCB2 overexpression had the opposite effect. Treatment of Em Ca cells with TGF-β1 dramatically altered morphology toward a fibroblastic appearance; concomitantly, expression of NUCB2 and ZEB1 increased. The NUCB2 promoter was also activated by transfection of Smad2. In UCS tissues, NUCB2 expression was significantly higher in sarcomatous as compared to carcinomatous components; this was consistent with increased TGF-β1 mRNA expression in stromal and sarcomatous components as compared to carcinomatous components. In addition, NUCB2 score correlated positively with ZEB1 and vimentin scores, whereas ZEB1 score correlated positively with Slug and vimentin scores and inversely with the E-cadherin score. We therefore suggest that TGF-β-dependent upregulation of NUCB2 and ZEB1 contributes to the phenotypic characteristics of sarcomatous components in UCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ako Yokoi
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Miki Hashimura
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yasuko Oguri
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ryo Konno
- Center for Disease Proteomics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science,1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masataka Tochimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Mayu Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yu Ishibashi
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ohhigata
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yohei Harada
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Naomi Fukagawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- Center for Disease Proteomics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Makoto Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
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Asai S, Goto Y, Tanigawa K, Tomioka Y, Kato M, Mizuno K, Sakamoto S, Seki N. MiR-15b-5p inhibits castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer cells by targeting the muscarinic cholinergic receptor CHRM3. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1164-1175. [PMID: 36754848 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (CHRM3)-mediated focal adhesion kinase/YES-associated protein (YAP) signalling is essential for the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Here, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms through which CHRM3 overexpression facilitates castration-resistant growth. Small RNA sequencing combined with in silico analyses revealed that CHRM3 was a putative target of miR-15b-5p. Notably, androgen deprivation suppressed miR-15b-5p expression and increased CHRM3 expression. Moreover, miR-15b-5p bound directly to CHRM3 and inhibited YAP activation induced by CHRM3 stimulation. Furthermore, miR-15b-5p abolished the growth of CRPC cells induced by CHRM3 stimulation. We conclude that the miR-15b-5p/CHRM3/YAP signalling axis promotes the castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Asai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kengo Tanigawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Yuya Tomioka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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10
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Salavaty A, Shehni SA, Ramialison M, Currie PD. Systematic molecular profiling of acute leukemia cancer stem cells allows identification of druggable targets. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11093. [PMID: 36281397 PMCID: PMC9586918 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most prevalent and acute blood cancers with a poor prognosis and low overall survival rate, especially in the elderly. Although several new AML markers and drug targets have been recently identified, the rate of long-term cancer eradication has not improved significantly due to the presence and drug resistance of AML cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here we develop a novel computational pipeline to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of AML cancer (stem) cells and identify novel candidate AML CSC markers and drug targets. In our novel pipeline we apply a top-down meta-analysis strategy to integrate The Cancer Genome Atlas data with CSC datasets to infer cell stemness features. As a result, a set of genes termed the "AML key CSC genes" along with all the available drugs/compounds that could target them were identified. Overall, our novel computational pipeline could retrieve known cancer drugs (Carfilzomib) and predicted novel drugs such as Zonisamide, Amitriptyline, and their targets amongst the top ranked drugs and drug targets for targeting AML. Additionally, the pipeline applied in this study could be used for the identification of CSC-specific markers, drivers and their respective targeting drugs in other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Salavaty
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sara Alaei Shehni
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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11
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Xie T, Chen S, Hao J, Wu P, Gu X, Wei H, Li Z, Xiao J. Roles of calcium signaling in cancer metastasis to bone. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:445-462. [PMID: 36071984 PMCID: PMC9446157 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent complication for cancers and an important reason for the mortality in cancer patients. After surviving in bone, cancer cells can cause severe pain, life-threatening hypercalcemia, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and even death. However, the underlying mechanisms of bone metastasis were not clear. The role of calcium (Ca2+) in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion has been well established. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that Ca2+ signaling played a key role in bone metastasis, for it not only promotes cancer progression but also mediates osteoclasts and osteoblasts differentiation. Therefore, Ca2+ signaling has emerged as a novel therapeutical target for cancer bone metastasis treatments. Here, the role of Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-binding proteins including calmodulin and Ca2+-sensing receptor in bone metastasis, and the perspective of anti-cancer bone metastasis therapeutics via targeting the Ca2+ signaling pathway are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiang Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xuelian Gu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
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12
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Abstract
In 2011, CAMKK2, the gene encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), was demonstrated to be a direct target of the androgen receptor and a driver of prostate cancer progression. Results from multiple independent studies have confirmed these findings and demonstrated the potential role of CAMKK2 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer using a variety of preclinical models. Drug development efforts targeting CAMKK2 have begun accordingly. CAMKK2 regulation can vary across disease stages, which might have important implications in the use of CAMKK2 as a biomarker. Moreover, new non-cell-autonomous roles for CAMKK2 that could affect tumorigenesis, metastasis and possible comorbidities linked to disease and treatment have emerged and could present novel treatment opportunities for prostate cancer.
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13
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Yu Z, Du M, Lu L. A Novel 16-Genes Signature Scoring System as Prognostic Model to Evaluate Survival Risk in Patients with Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020317. [PMID: 35203526 PMCID: PMC8869708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that gene expression levels are associated with prognosis and some genes can be used to predict the survival risk of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. However, most of them just built the survival-related gene signature, and personal survival risk can be evaluated only in group. This study aimed to find the prognostic survival related genes of GBM, and construct survival risk prediction model, which can be used to evaluate survival risk by individual. We collected gene expression data and clinical information from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Cox regression analysis and LASSO-cox regression analysis were performed to get survival-related genes and establish the overall survival prediction model. The ROC curve and Kaplan Meier analysis were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model in training set and two independent cohorts. We also analyzed the biological functions of survival-related genes by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. We identified 99 genes associated with overall survival and selected 16 genes (IGFBP2, GPRASP1, C1R, CHRM3, CLSTN2, NELL1, SEZ6L2, NMB, ICAM5, HPCAL4, SNAP91, PCSK1N, PGBD5, INA, UCHL1 and LHX6) to establish the survival risk prediction model. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicted that the risk score could predict overall survival independent of age and gender. ROC analyses showed that our model was more robust than four existing signatures. The sixteen genes can also be potential transcriptional biomarkers and the model can assist doctors on clinical decision-making and personalized treatment of GBM patients.
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14
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Liang Y, Zhong Y, Li X, Xiao Y, Wu Y, Xie P. Biological evaluation of linalool on the function of blood vessels. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:874. [PMID: 34713293 PMCID: PMC8569525 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term hypertension leads to alterations in the structure and function of blood vessels, and abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important factors for these changes. Linalool is a natural compound extracted from plants. The present study aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of linalool in the physiological behavior of VSMCs. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was utilized to treat VSMCs, and MTT and western blotting assays were then employed to detect the effect of linalool on the induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs. The target gene of linalool was predicted by the SwissTargetPrediction website, and its expression level in VSMCs was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Next, the role of the target gene in the physiological behavior of VSMCs treated with linalool was examined, and the signaling pathway was explored. The results revealed that the proliferation and migration of VSMCs treated with Ang II were significantly promoted, and linalool could alleviate these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (CHRM3), as a predicted target, was found to be highly expressed in Ang II-induced VSMCs, and CHRM3 overexpression could prevent the inhibitory effect of linalool on cell proliferation and migration. In addition, its overexpression caused an increase in the expression of proteins related to the MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, linalool inhibited the proliferation and migration of Ang II-induced VSMCs and blocked the MAPK signaling pathway by downregulating CHRM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Pingchang Xie
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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15
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Nagaya N, Rosenfeld J, Lee GT, Kim IY. RNA-seq profile of African American men with a clinically localized prostate cancer. Prostate Int 2021; 9:125-131. [PMID: 34692584 PMCID: PMC8498718 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer in African American (AA) men has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify potential genetic risk factors for prostate cancer in AA men. Methods We used prostate cancer tissue from 61 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. We compared somatic gene expression in Caucasian (CA) and AA men using RNA sequencing. Results By comparing the RNA-seq data obtained from prostate cancer tissue between AA and CA men, this study showed a significant difference in expression levels of 45 genes. Pathway analysis of 45 genes using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomesenrichment analysis revealed a neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction signal. In addition, the results of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed pathways involved sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling. Furthermore, validating 45 genes in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Provisional cohort, cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 expression level was significantly lower in AA than in CA men, and the results showed a significantly higher rate of biochemical recurrence in patients with low expression. Conclusions We identified genetic differences of clinically localized prostate cancer in AAs and CAs by RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nagaya
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rosenfeld
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Geun Taek Lee
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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16
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Xin Y, Guan J, Li Y, Duan C. Regulation of cell quiescence-proliferation balance by Ca2+-CaMKK-Akt signaling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272559. [PMID: 34545403 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with our extensive understanding of the cell cycle, we have limited knowledge of how the cell quiescence-proliferation decision is regulated. Using a zebrafish epithelial model, we report a novel signaling mechanism governing the cell quiescence-proliferation decision. Zebrafish Ca2+-transporting epithelial cells, or ionocytes, maintain high cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) due to the expression of Trpv6. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Trpv6, or reduction of external Ca2+ concentration, lowered the [Ca2+]c and reactivated these cells. The ionocyte reactivation was attenuated by chelating intracellular Ca2+ and inhibiting calmodulin (CaM), suggesting involvement of a Ca2+ and CaM-dependent mechanism. Long-term imaging studies showed that after an initial decrease, [Ca2+]c gradually returned to the basal levels. There was a concomitant decease in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels. Lowering the ER Ca2+ store content or inhibiting ryanodine receptors impaired ionocyte reactivation. Further analyses suggest that CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is a key molecular link between Ca2+ and Akt signaling. Genetic deletion or inhibition of CaMKK abolished cell reactivation, which could be rescued by expression of a constitutively active Akt. These results suggest that the quiescence-proliferation decision in zebrafish ionocytes is regulated by Trpv6-mediated Ca2+ and CaMKK-Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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17
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Zangoue M, Zangouei AS, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of protein kinases in prostate and bladder cancers. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are frequent urothelial and genital malignancies with a high ratio of morbidity and mortality which are more common among males. Since BCa and PCa cases are mainly diagnosed in advanced stages with clinical complications, it is required to introduce the efficient early detection markers. Protein kinases are critical factors involved in various cellular processes such as cell growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism. Deregulation of protein kinases can be frequently observed through the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Therefore, kinases are required to be regulated via different genetic and epigenetic processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are among the critical factors involved in epigenetic regulation of protein kinases. Since miRNAs are noninvasive and more stable factors in serum and tissues compared with mRNAs, they can be used as efficient diagnostic markers for the early detection of PCa and BCa.
Main body
In present review, we have summarized all of the reported miRNAs that have been associated with regulation of protein kinases in bladder and prostate cancers.
Conclusions
For the first time, this review highlights the miRNAs as critical factors in regulation of protein kinases during prostate and bladder cancers which paves the way of introducing a noninvasive kinase-specific panel of miRNAs for the early detection of these malignancies. It was observed that the class VIII receptors of tyrosine kinases and non-receptor tyrosine kinases were the most frequent targets for the miRNAs in bladder and prostate cancers, respectively.
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18
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Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 promotes invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:908-917. [PMID: 32097138 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Neural regulation plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and activation of sympathetic nervous system can promote the migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, little research has been conducted on how the vagus nerve influences hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we found that the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter, a biomarker of vagus nerve, was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma patients' clinicopathological characteristics by immunohistochemistry. Further, activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (M1R) promoted HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells migration and invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, inhibition of M1R by antagonist or shRNA suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cells migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, these results indicate that activation of M1R promotes invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt pathway.
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19
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Arang N, Gutkind JS. G Protein-Coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins as cancer drivers. FEBS Lett 2021; 594:4201-4232. [PMID: 33270228 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins can dramatically alter the signalling landscape and functional state of a cell. Consistent with their fundamental physiological functions, GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in some of the most prevalent human diseases, including a complex disease such as cancer that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GPCR/G protein-mediated signalling impacts oncogenesis at multiple levels by regulating tumour angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we summarize the growing body of research on GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins as drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and as emerging antitumoural therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Karmacharya U, Chaudhary P, Lim D, Dahal S, Awasthi BP, Park HD, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 6-azacyclonol-2,4,6-trimethylpyridin-3-ol derivatives: M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated anticancer activity of a cyclohexyl derivative in androgen-refractory prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104805. [PMID: 33725508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol with C(6)-azacyclonol, whose code name is BJ-1207, showing a promising anticancer activity by inhibiting NOX-derived ROS in A549 human lung cancer cells. The present study was focused on structural modification of the azacyclonol moiety of BJ-1207 to find a compound with better anticancer activity. Ten new compounds (3A-3J) were prepared and evaluated their inhibitory actions against proliferation of eighteen cancer cell lines as a primary screening. Among the ten derivatives of BJ-1207, the effects of compounds 3A and 3J on DU145 and PC-3, androgen-refractory cancer cell lines (ARPC), were greater than the parent compound, and compound 3A showed better activity than 3J. Antitumor activity of compound 3A was also observed in DU145-xenografted chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor model. In addition, the ligand-based target prediction and molecular docking study using DeepZema® server showed compound 3A was a ligand to M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) which is overexpressed in ARPC. Carbachol, a muscarinic receptor agonist, concentration dependently increased proliferation of DU145 in the absence of serum, and it also activated NADPH oxidase (NOX). The carbachol-induced proliferation and NOX activity was significantly blocked by compounds 3A in a concentration-dependent manner. This finding might become a new milestone in the development of pyridinol-based anti-cancer agents against ARPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwala Karmacharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchul Lim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadan Dahal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhuwan Prasad Awasthi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Kim H, Ji HW, Kim HW, Yun SH, Park JE, Kim SJ. Ginsenoside Rg3 Prevents Oncogenic Long Noncoding RNA ATXN8OS from Inhibiting Tumor-Suppressive microRNA-424-5p in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010118. [PMID: 33477683 PMCID: PMC7831931 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 exerts antiproliferation activity on cancer cells by regulating diverse noncoding RNAs. However, little is known about the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) or their relationship with competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in Rg3-treated cancer cells. Here, a lncRNA (ATXN8OS) was found to be downregulated via Rg3-mediated promoter hypermethylation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. SiRNA-induced downregulation of ATXN8OS decreased cell proliferation but increased apoptosis, suggesting that the noncoding RNA possessed proproliferation activity. An in silico search for potential ATXN8OS-targeting microRNAs (miRs) identified a promising candidate (miR-424-5p) based on its high binding score. As expected, miR-424-5p suppressed proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of the MCF-7 cells. The in silico miR-target-gene prediction identified 200 potential target genes of miR-424-5p, which were subsequently narrowed down to seven that underwent hypermethylation at their promoter by Rg3. Among them, three genes (EYA1, DACH1, and CHRM3) were previously known oncogenes and were proven to be oppositely regulated by ATXN8OS and miR-424-5p. When taken together, Rg3 downregulated ATXN8OS that inhibited the tumor-suppressive miR-424-5p, leading to the downregulation of the oncogenic target genes.
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22
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Nerve growth factor interacts with CHRM4 and promotes neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer and castration resistance. Commun Biol 2021; 4:22. [PMID: 33398073 PMCID: PMC7782543 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) contributes to the progression of malignancy. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanisms of NGF in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) are unclear. Here, we show that an androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT)-stimulated transcription factor, ZBTB46, upregulated NGF via ZBTB46 mediated-transcriptional activation of NGF. NGF regulates NEPC differentiation by physically interacting with a G-protein-coupled receptor, cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), after ADT. Pharmacologic NGF blockade and NGF knockdown markedly inhibited CHRM4-mediated NEPC differentiation and AKT-MYCN signaling activation. CHRM4 stimulation was associated with ADT resistance and was significantly correlated with increased NGF in high-grade and small-cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCNC) patient samples. Our results reveal a role of the NGF in the development of NEPC that is linked to ZBTB46 upregulation and CHRM4 accumulation. Our study provides evidence that the NGF-CHRM4 axis has potential to be considered as a therapeutic target to impair NEPC progression. Here, the authors discover that NGF, upregulated by transcription factor ZBTB46 in prostate cancer exposed to androgen therapy, promotes neuroendocrine differentiation. They show that NGF interacts with the GPCR CHRM4, that both NGF and CHRM4 are upregulated in highly metastatic prostate cancer and that targeting NGF reduces therapy resistance in a mouse xenograft model.
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23
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Cheng Y, Sun F, D'Souza A, Dhakal B, Pisano M, Chhabra S, Stolley M, Hari P, Janz S. Autonomic nervous system control of multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2020; 46:100741. [PMID: 32807576 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), which consists of antagonistic sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) arms, has emerged as an important regulator of neoplastic development, yet little is known about its role in multiple myeloma (MM). Clinical findings that anti-adrenergic β-blocker intake reduces risk of disease-specific death and overall mortality in patients with MM have indicated that adrenergic input may worsen myeloma outcome. However, preclinical studies using β-adrenergic receptor agonists or antagonists produced controversial results as to whether sympathetic pathways promote or inhibit myeloma. Retrospective outcome data demonstrating that high message levels of cholinergic receptor genes predict inferior survival in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass trial suggest that parasympathetic input may drive myeloma progression in a subset of patients. Here we review the ill-defined role of the ANS in MM, put myeloma in the context of other cancers, and discuss knowledge gaps that may afford exciting research opportunities going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Fumou Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Anita D'Souza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Binod Dhakal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Michael Pisano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Melinda Stolley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA.
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24
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Role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer initiation and progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:669-681. [PMID: 32770391 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. Accumulated evidences clearly show that the sympathetic nervous system exerts stimulatory effects on carcinogenesis and cancer growth. However, the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer has been much less elucidated. Whereas retrospective studies in vagotomized patients and experiments employing vagotomized animals indicate the parasympathetic nervous system has an inhibitory effect on cancer, clinical studies in patients with prostate cancer indicate it has stimulatory effects. Therefore, the aim of this paper is a critical evaluation of the available data related to the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer.
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25
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Ardura JA, Álvarez-Carrión L, Gutiérrez-Rojas I, Alonso V. Role of Calcium Signaling in Prostate Cancer Progression: Effects on Cancer Hallmarks and Bone Metastatic Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1071. [PMID: 32344908 PMCID: PMC7281772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancers that progress to tumor metastases are often considered incurable or difficult to treat. The etiology of prostate cancers is multi-factorial. Among other factors, de-regulation of calcium signals in prostate tumor cells mediates several pathological dysfunctions associated with tumor progression. Calcium plays a relevant role on tumor cell death, proliferation, motility-invasion and tumor metastasis. Calcium controls molecular factors and signaling pathways involved in the development of prostate cancer and its progression. Such factors and pathways include calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins. Nevertheless, the involvement of calcium signaling on prostate cancer predisposition for bone tropism has been relatively unexplored. In this regard, a diversity of mechanisms triggers transient accumulation of intracellular calcium in prostate cancer cells, potentially favoring bone metastases development. New therapies for the treatment of prostate cancer include compounds characterized by potent and specific actions that target calcium channels/transporters or pumps. These novel drugs for prostate cancer treatment encompass calcium-ATPase inhibitors, voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel regulators or Orai inhibitors. This review details the latest results that have evaluated the relationship between calcium signaling and progression of prostate cancer, as well as potential therapies aiming to modulate calcium signaling in prostate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Ardura
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (J.A.A.); (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Carrión
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (J.A.A.); (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.)
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (J.A.A.); (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.)
| | - Verónica Alonso
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (J.A.A.); (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Muscarinic receptors promote castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer through a FAK-YAP signaling axis. Oncogene 2020; 39:4014-4027. [PMID: 32205868 PMCID: PMC7428076 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer innervation contributes to the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the precise impact of innervation on PCa cells is still poorly understood. By focusing on muscarinic receptors, which are activated by the nerve-derived neurotransmitter acetylcholine, we show that muscarinic receptors 1 and 3 (m1 and m3) are highly expressed in PCa clinical specimens compared to all other cancer types, and that amplification or gain of their corresponding encoding genes (CHRM1 and CHRM3, respectively) represent a worse prognostic factor for PCa progression free survival. Moreover, m1 and m3 gene gain or amplification are frequent in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) compared with hormone-sensitive PCa (HSPC) specimens. This was reflected in HSPC-derived cells, which show aberrantly high expression of m1 and m3 under androgen deprivation mimicking castration and androgen receptor inhibition. We also show that pharmacological activation of m1 and m3 signaling is sufficient to induce the castration-resistant growth of PCa cells. Mechanistically, we found that m1 and m3 stimulation induces YAP activation through FAK, whose encoding gene, PTK2 is frequently amplified in CRPC cases. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK and knockdown of YAP abolished m1 and m3-induced castration-resistant growth of PCa cells. Our findings provide novel therapeutic opportunities for muscarinic-signal-driven CRPC progression by targeting the FAK-YAP signaling axis.
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27
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Sun J, Hu X, Gao Y, Tang Q, Zhao Z, Xi W, Yang F, Zhang W, Song Y, Song B, Wang T, Wang H. MYSM1-AR complex-mediated repression of Akt/c-Raf/GSK-3β signaling impedes castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10644-10663. [PMID: 31761786 PMCID: PMC6914400 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations that lead to dysregulated gene expression in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of histone deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Tissues and public datasets of PCa were evaluated for MYSM1 levels. We explored the effects of MYSM1 on cell proliferation, senescence and viability both in vitro and in vivo. Integrative database analyses and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to elucidate genomic association of MYSM1 and MYSM1-involved biological interaction network in PCa. We observed that MYSM1 were downregulated in CRPC compared to localized prostate tumors. Knockdown of MYSM1 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed senescence of CRPC cells under condition of androgen ablation. MYSM1 downregulation enhanced the tumorigenic ability in nude mice. Integrative bioinformatic analyses of the significantly associated genes with MYSM1 revealed MYSM1-correlated pathways, providing substantial clues as to the role of MYSM1 in PCa. MYSM1 was able to bind to androgen receptor instead of increasing its expression and knockdown of MYSM1 resulted in activation of Akt/c-Raf/GSK-3β signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MYSM1 is pivotal in CRPC pathogenesis and may be established as a potential target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Sun
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Xiangnan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yongheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Zhining Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.,Clinical Laboratory, 451 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Wenjin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
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28
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Guo M, Sinha S, Wang SM. Coupled Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Transcription Analysis Identified Rich Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1724. [PMID: 31690011 PMCID: PMC6896154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor clinical prognosis. Lack of TNBC-specific biomarkers prevents active clinical intervention. We reasoned that TNBC must have its specific signature due to the lack of three key receptors to distinguish TNBC from other types of breast cancer. We also reasoned that coupling methylation and gene expression as a single unit may increase the specificity for the detected TNBC signatures. We further reasoned that choosing the proper controls may be critical to increasing the sensitivity to identify TNBC-specific signatures. Furthermore, we also considered that specific drugs could target the detected TNBC-specific signatures. We developed a system to identify potential TNBC signatures. It consisted of (1) coupling methylation and expression changes in TNBC to identify the methylation-regulated signature genes for TNBC; (2) using TPBC (triple-positive breast cancer) as the control to detect TNBC-specific signature genes; (3) searching in the drug database to identify those targeting TNBC signature genes. Using this system, we identified 114 genes with both altered methylation and expression, and 356 existing drugs targeting 10 of the 114 genes. Through docking and molecular dynamics simulation, we determined the structural basis between sapropterin, a drug used in the treatment of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, and PTGS2, a TNBC signature gene involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Our study reveals the existence of rich TNBC-specific signatures, and many can be drug target and biomarker candidates for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoni Guo
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Siddharth Sinha
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - San Ming Wang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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29
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Yin QQ, Xu LH, Zhang M, Xu C. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 mediates prostate cancer cell migration and invasion through hedgehog signaling. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:608-614. [PMID: 30027929 PMCID: PMC6219293 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_55_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system contributes to prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1) expression was measured via immunohistochemical analysis in human prostate cancer tissue array slides. PC-3, LNCaP, and A549 cells were treated with pirenzepine or carbachol, and the cell migration and invasion abilities were evaluated. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to measure GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1), patched 1 (PTCH1), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) expression levels. High expression of CHRM1 was found in early-stage human prostate cancer tissues. In addition, the selective CHRM1 antagonist pirenzepine inhibited PC-3, LNCaP, and A549 cell migration and invasion, but the agonist carbachol promoted the migration and invasion of these three cell lines. Muscarinic signaling can be relayed by hedgehog signaling. These data show that CHRM1 is involved in the regulation of prostate cancer migration and invasion through the hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lin-Hui Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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30
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Pudova EA, Lukyanova EN, Nyushko KM, Mikhaylenko DS, Zaretsky AR, Snezhkina AV, Savvateeva MV, Kobelyatskaya AA, Melnikova NV, Volchenko NN, Efremov GD, Klimina KM, Belova AA, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Krasnov GS, Kudryavtseva AV. Differentially Expressed Genes Associated With Prognosis in Locally Advanced Lymph Node-Negative Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:730. [PMID: 31447885 PMCID: PMC6697060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Older age is one of the main risk factors for cancer development. The incidence of prostate cancer, as a multifactorial disease, also depends upon demographic factors, race, and genetic predisposition. Prostate cancer most frequently occurs in men over 60 years of age, indicating a clear association between older age and disease onset. Carcinogenesis is followed by the deregulation of many genes, and some of these changes could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of drug therapy efficacy, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We have performed a bioinformatic analysis of a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and RNA-Seq profiling of a Russian patient cohort to reveal prognostic markers of locally advanced lymph node-negative prostate cancer (lymph node-negative LAPC). We also aimed to identify markers of the most common molecular subtype of prostate cancer carrying a fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG. We have found several genes that were differently expressed between the favorable and unfavorable prognosis groups and involved in the enriched KEGG pathways based on the TCGA (B4GALNT4, PTK6, and CHAT) and Russian patient cohort data (AKR1C1 and AKR1C3). Additionally, we revealed such genes for the TMPRSS2-ERG prostate cancer molecular subtype (B4GALNT4, ASRGL1, MYBPC1, RGS11, SLC6A14, GALNT13, and ST6GALNAC1). Obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer progression and could be used for further development of the LAPC prognosis marker panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Lukyanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M. Nyushko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Mikhaylenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria V. Savvateeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N. Volchenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady D. Efremov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya M. Klimina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Belova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Wu V, Yeerna H, Nohata N, Chiou J, Harismendy O, Raimondi F, Inoue A, Russell RB, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. Illuminating the Onco-GPCRome: Novel G protein-coupled receptor-driven oncocrine networks and targets for cancer immunotherapy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11062-11086. [PMID: 31171722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.005601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest gene family of cell membrane-associated molecules mediating signal transmission, and their involvement in key physiological functions is well-established. The ability of GPCRs to regulate a vast array of fundamental biological processes, such as cardiovascular functions, immune responses, hormone and enzyme release from endocrine and exocrine glands, neurotransmission, and sensory perception (e.g. vision, odor, and taste), is largely due to the diversity of these receptors and the layers of their downstream signaling circuits. Dysregulated expression and aberrant functions of GPCRs have been linked to some of the most prevalent human diseases, which renders GPCRs one of the top targets for pharmaceutical drug development. However, the study of the role of GPCRs in tumor biology has only just begun to make headway. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can contribute to the many facets of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. Indeed, GPCRs are widely dysregulated in cancer and yet are underexploited in oncology. We present here a comprehensive analysis of GPCR gene expression, copy number variation, and mutational signatures in 33 cancer types. We also highlight the emerging role of GPCRs as part of oncocrine networks promoting tumor growth, dissemination, and immune evasion, and we stress the potential benefits of targeting GPCRs and their signaling circuits in the new era of precision medicine and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nijiro Nohata
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093.,Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Robert B Russell
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
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32
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Zheng XM, Zhang P, Liu MH, Chen P, Zhang WB. MicroRNA-30e inhibits adhesion, migration, invasion and cell cycle progression of prostate cancer cells via inhibition of the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by downregulating CHRM3. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:443-454. [PMID: 30483762 PMCID: PMC6317654 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) testing is currently based on measurement of serum prostate‑specific antigen levels and digital rectal examination, which are limited by a low predictive value and the adverse effects associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the mechanism underlying the development of PCa. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of miR‑30e and its target gene, M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM3), on the adhesion, migration, invasion and cell cycle distribution of PCa cells via the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes were screened in the Gene Expression Omnibus database from a gene expression microarray (GSE55945) of PCa. PCa tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from patients with PCa. The PC‑3 and DU145 human PCa cell lines were treated with activator, inhibitor and siRNAs. The effects of miR‑30e on cell adhesion, migration, invasion and cell cycle distribution with the involvement of CHRM3 and the MAPK signaling pathway were investigated. The bioinformatics results demonstrated that the CHRM3 gene and the MAKP signaling pathway were involved in the progression of PCa, and has‑miR‑30e was selected for further study. The levels of miR‑30e were significantly downregulated, while the levels of CHRM3 were obviously upregulated in PCa. CHRM3 was verified as a target gene of miR‑30e. Upregulation of miR‑30e and downregulation of CHRM3 decreased the levels of p‑P38, p‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase, p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase, p‑c‑fos and p‑c‑JUN, cell adhesion, migration and invasion ability, and the number of cells in the S phase, while they increased the number of cells in the G0 and G1 phases. The findings of the present study suggest that miR‑30e inhibited the adhesion, migration, invasion and cell cycle entry of PCa cells by suppressing the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting CHRM3 expression. Thus, miR‑30e may serve as a candidate target for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Min Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071
| | - Man-Hua Liu
- The Second Department of Surgery, Jingan People’s Hospital, Jingan, Jiangxi 330600, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071
| | - Wei-Bing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071
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33
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Liu Z, Ren L, Tian J, Liu N, Hu Y, Zhang P. Comprehensive Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and Messenger RNAs Expression Profiles in Patients with Marjolin Ulcer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7828-7840. [PMID: 30385735 PMCID: PMC6228116 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Marjolin ulcer (MU) is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Typically, MU occurs over a period of time in post-burn and/or post-traumatic lesions and scars. However, the pathogenesis of scar carcinogenesis and MU development remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiling in MU, which could provide new information on the potential molecular mechanisms of MU development. Material/Methods The lncRNA microarray analysis was conducted in normal skin, scar, and MU tissue, and quantitative real-time PCR experiment was carried out to validate the reliability of the microarray data. Furthermore, a series of integrative bioinformatic approaches were applied to decipher the function of differentially expressed lncRNAs. Results A total of 7130 lncRNAs and 9867 mRNAs were differentially expressed among normal skin, scar, and MU tissues. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that these aberrantly expressed transcripts were mainly involved in cell cycle, immune response, and the p53 signaling pathway. Series Test of Cluster analysis indicated certain dysregulated lncRNAs were expressed with a gradually increasing or decreasing trend and might participated in malignant transformation of scar tissue postburn. Co-expression analysis showed 5 selected lncRNAs might regulate cell proliferation through the p53 signaling pathway. Finally, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network indicated that lncRNA uc001oou.3 might be implicated in ceRNA mechanism during MU development. Conclusions Taken together, our study implied the aberrant expression of lncRNAs may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of MU, and the exact mechanism warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Liu
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Licheng Ren
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yanke Hu
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Zhang D, Zhao S, Li X, Kirk JS, Tang DG. Prostate Luminal Progenitor Cells in Development and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:769-783. [PMID: 30352679 PMCID: PMC6212301 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a predominantly luminal phenotype. Basal cells were previously identified as a cell of origin for PCa, but increasing evidence implicates luminal cells as a preferred cell of origin for PCa, as well as key drivers of tumor development and progression. Prostate luminal cells are understudied compared with basal cells. In this review, we describe the contribution of prostate luminal progenitor (LP) cells to luminal cell development and their role in prostate development, androgen-mediated regeneration of castrated prostate, and tumorigenesis. We also discuss the potential value of LP transcriptomics to identify new targets and therapies to treat aggressive PCa. Finally, we propose future research directions focusing on molecular mechanisms underlying LP cell biology and heterogeneity in normal and diseased prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jason S Kirk
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Nesfatin-1/Nucleobindin-2 Is a Potent Prognostic Marker and Enhances Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Bladder Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:4272064. [PMID: 30327690 PMCID: PMC6169241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4272064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent researches, high expression of nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) is linked to poor prognosis in prostate and colon cancer due to the enhancement in proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the role of nesfatin-1 in bladder cancer is not clear. In this study, we examined the expression of NUCB2 in bladder cancer using immunohistochemistry and observed that its high expression was associated with recurrence and metastasis. In addition, the transwell assay and wound healing assay showed that cell migration and invasion were decreased with NUCB2 knockdown in T24 and 5637 cells. In vivo, tumor growth and metastasis were inhibited with shRNA treatment in T24 cells. Those results showed that NUCB2 played an important role in bladder cancer and could be considered a potent prognostic factor in bladder cancer.
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Calcium and Nuclear Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041237. [PMID: 29671777 PMCID: PMC5979488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there have been a number of developments in the fields of calcium and nuclear signaling that point to new avenues for a more effective diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. An example is the discovery of new classes of molecules involved in calcium-regulated nuclear import and nuclear calcium signaling, from the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and myosin families. This review surveys the new state of the calcium and nuclear signaling fields with the aim of identifying the unifying themes that hold out promise in the context of the problems presented by prostate cancer. Genomic perturbations, kinase cascades, developmental pathways, and channels and transporters are covered, with an emphasis on nuclear transport and functions. Special attention is paid to the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer progression to the malignant forms and the unfavorable response to anti-androgen treatment. The survey leads to some new hypotheses that connect heretofore disparate results and may present a translational interest.
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Baig AM, Rana Z, Tariq S, Lalani S, Ahmad HR. Traced on the Timeline: Discovery of Acetylcholine and the Components of the Human Cholinergic System in a Primitive Unicellular Eukaryote Acanthamoeba spp. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:494-504. [PMID: 29058403 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter of cholinergic signal transduction that affects the target cells via muscarinic (mAChR) and nicotinic (nAChR) cholinergic receptors embedded in the cell membrane. Of the cholinergic receptors that bind to ACh, the mAChRs execute several cognitive and metabolic functions in the human central nervous system (CNS). Very little is known about the origins and autocrine/paracrine roles of the ACh in primitive life forms. With the recent report of the evidence of an ACh binding mAChR1 like receptor in Acanthamoeba spp., it was tempting to investigate the origin and functional roles of cholinergic G-Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the biology of eukaryotes. We inferred the presence of ACh, its synthetic, degradation system, and a signal transduction pathway in an approximately ∼2.0 billion year old primitive eukaryotic cell Acanthamoeba castellanii. Bioinformatics analysis, ligand binding prediction, and docking methods were used to establish the origins of enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of ACh. Notably, we provide evidence of the presence of ACh in A. castellanii by colorimetric analysis, which to date is the only report of its presence in this primitive unicellular eukaryote. We show the evidence for the presence of homology of evolutionary conserved key enzymes of the cholinergic system like choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in A. castellanii spp., which were found to be near identical to their human counterparts. Tracing the origin, functions of ACh, and primeval mAChRs in primitive eukaryotic cells has the potential of uncovering covert cholinergic pathways that can be extended to humans in order to understand the states of cholinergic deficiency in neurodegenerative diseases (ND).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohaib Rana
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | | | | | - H. R. Ahmad
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Rycaj K, Tang DG. Molecular determinants of prostate cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88211-88231. [PMID: 29152153 PMCID: PMC5675705 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer remains largely incurable and fatal. The general course of cancer, from the initiation of primary tumor formation and progression to metastasis, is a multistep process wherein tumor cells at each step must display specific phenotypic features. Distinctive capabilities required for primary tumor initiation and growth form the foundation, and sometimes may remain critical, for subsequent metastases. These phenotypic features must remain easily malleable during the acquisition of additional capabilities unique and essential to the metastatic process such as dissemination to distant tissues wherein tumor cells interact with foreign microenvironments. Thus, the metastatic phenotype is a culmination of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations and subsequent selection for favorable traits under the pressure of ever-changing tumor microenvironments. Although our understanding of the molecular programs that drive cancer metastasis are incomplete, increasing evidence suggests that successful metastatic colonization relies on the dissemination of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor-regenerating capacity and adaptive programs for survival in distant organs. In the past 2-3 years, a myriad of novel molecular regulators and determinants of prostate cancer metastasis have been reported, and in this Perspective, we comprehensively review this body of literature and summarize recent findings regarding cell autonomous molecular mechanisms critical for prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dean G. Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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Rycaj K, Li H, Zhou J, Chen X, Tang DG. Cellular determinants and microenvironmental regulation of prostate cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:83-97. [PMID: 28408152 PMCID: PMC5491097 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis causes more than 90% of cancer-related deaths and most prostate cancer (PCa) patients also die from metastasis. The 'metastatic cascade' is a complex biological process that encompasses tumor cell dissociation (from the primary tumor), local invasion, intravasation, transport in circulation, extravasation, colonization, and overt growth in end organs. It has become clear that successful metastasis not only involves many tumor cell-intrinsic properties but also depends on productive interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. In this Review, we begin with a general summary on cancer metastasis and a specific discussion on PCa metastasis. We then discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the cellular determinants of PCa metastasis and the importance of tumor microenvironment, especially an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, in shaping metastatic propensities. We conclude with a presentation of current and future therapeutic options for patients with PCa metastasis, emphasizing the development of novel, mechanism-based combinatorial strategies for treating metastatic and castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Hangwen Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Fang JF, Zhao HP, Wang ZF, Zheng SS. Upregulation of RASAL2 promotes proliferation and metastasis, and is targeted by miR-203 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2720-2726. [PMID: 28447723 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) has been reported to be dysregulated in various types of cancer. It has previously been demonstrated that RASAL2 is hypomethylated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expression pattern of RASAL2 and its potential role in HCC remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that the expression of RASAL2 was upregulated in HCC tissues, compared with in normal liver tissues, by using immunohistochemistry. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and invasion assay revealed that knockdown of RASAL2 inhibited the growth and invasion of HCC cells. Western blotting results indicated that the inhibition of RASAL2 reduced the levels of phosphorylated-AKT. Notably, RASAL2 was observed to be a direct target of miR-203 in HCC in luciferase activity assays. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-203 exhibited a similar effect to RASAL2 knockdown in HCC cells. These results indicated that RASAL2 serves a tumor oncogenic role in HCC and may be considered a potential target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Fang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Fei Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Oh M, Ahn J, Lee T, Jang G, Park C, Yoon Y. Drug voyager: a computational platform for exploring unintended drug action. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:131. [PMID: 28241745 PMCID: PMC5329936 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dominant paradigm in understanding drug action focuses on the intended therapeutic effects and frequent adverse reactions. However, this approach may limit opportunities to grasp unintended drug actions, which can open up channels to repurpose existing drugs and identify rare adverse drug reactions. Advances in systems biology can be exploited to comprehensively understand pharmacodynamic actions, although proper frameworks to represent drug actions are still lacking. RESULTS We suggest a novel platform to construct a drug-specific pathway in which a molecular-level mechanism of action is formulated based on pharmacologic, pharmacogenomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic data related to drug response ( http://databio.gachon.ac.kr/tools/ ). In this platform, an adoption of three conceptual levels imitating drug perturbation allows these pathways to be realistically rendered in comparison to those of other models. Furthermore, we propose a new method that exploits functional features of the drug-specific pathways to predict new indications as well as adverse reactions. For therapeutic uses, our predictions significantly overlapped with clinical trials and an up-to-date drug-disease association database. Also, our method outperforms existing methods with regard to classification of active compounds for cancers. For adverse reactions, our predictions were significantly enriched in an independent database derived from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System and meaningfully cover an Adverse Reaction Database provided by Health Canada. Lastly, we discuss several predictions for both therapeutic indications and side-effects through the published literature. CONCLUSIONS Our study addresses how we can computationally represent drug-signaling pathways to understand unintended drug actions and to facilitate drug discovery and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Oh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jaegyoon Ahn
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Taekeon Lee
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Giup Jang
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chihyun Park
- Biomedical HPC Technology Research Center, Korean Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Yoon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea. .,Postal Address: Gachon University, 339Ho, Woongji B.D., 1324 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, 13120, South Korea.
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Fu Y, Xu X, Xue J, Duan W, Yi Z. Deregulated lncRNAs in B Cells from Patients with Active Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170712. [PMID: 28125665 PMCID: PMC5268381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Role of lncRNAs in human adaptive immune response to TB infection is largely unexplored. To address this issue, here we characterized lncRNA expression profile in primary human B cell response to TB infection using microarray assay. Several lncRNAs and mRNAs were chosen for RT-qPCR validation. Bioinformatics prediction was applied to delineate function of the deregulated mRNAs. We found that 844 lncRNAs and 597 mRNAs were differentially expressed between B cell samples from individuals with or without TB. KEGG pathway analysis for the deregulated mRNAs indicated a number of pathways, such as TB, TLR signaling pathway and antigen processing and presentation. Moreover, corresponding to the dysregulation of many lncRNAs, we also found that their adjacent protein-coding genes were also deregulated. Functional annotation for the corresponding mRNAs showed that these lncRNAs were mainly associated with TLR signaling, TGF-β signaling. Interestingly, SOCS3, which is a critical negative regulator of cytokine response to TB infection and its nearby lncRNA XLOC_012582, were highly expressed in active TB B cells. Subsequent RT-qPCR results confirmed the changes. Whether upregulated XLOC_012582 causes SOCS3 overexpression and is eventually involved in the context of exacerbations of active TB represents an interesting issue that deserves to be further explored. Taken together, for the first time, we identified a set of deregulated lncRNAs in active TB B cells and their functions were predicted. Such findings provided novel insight into the pathogenesis of TB and further studies should focus on the function and pathogenic mechanisms of the lncRNAs involved in active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology of Clinical Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, Weifang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, Weifang, China
- * E-mail: (YF); (ZY)
| | - Xianqin Xu
- Department of Clinical Skill Laboratory of Clinical Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, Weifang, China
| | - Junfang Xue
- Department of Surgery of Gaomi City people's Hospital, Shandong, Weifang, China
| | - Wenping Duan
- Department of Nursing of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Shandong, Weifang, China
| | - Zhengjun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, Weifang, China
- * E-mail: (YF); (ZY)
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Yang T, He W, Cui F, Xia J, Zhou R, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Shi M. MACC1 mediates acetylcholine-induced invasion and migration by human gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18085-94. [PMID: 26919111 PMCID: PMC4951273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) promotes the growth and metastasis of several cancers via its M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R). Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) is an oncogene that is overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC) and plays an important role in GC progression, though it is unclear how MACC1 activity is regulated in GC. In this study, we demonstrated that ACh acts via M3Rs to promote GC cell invasion and migration as well as expression of several markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The M3R antagonist darifenacin inhibited GC cell activity in both the presence and absence of exogenous ACh, suggesting GC cells secrete endogenous ACh, which then acts in an autocrine fashion to promote GC cell migration/invasion. ACh up-regulated MACC1 in GC cells, and MACC1 knockdown using siRNA attenuated the effects of ACh on GC cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) served as an intermediate signal between ACh and MACC1. These findings suggest that ACh acts via a M3R/AMPK/MACC1 signaling pathway to promote GC cell invasion/migration, which provides insight into the mechanisms underlying GC growth and metastasis and may shed light on new targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanming He
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Cui
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianling Xia
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Xiu D, Zhan J, He X, Guo L, Wang J, Tao M, Fu W, Zhang H. High expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 predicts poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6719-6726. [PMID: 27826198 PMCID: PMC5096762 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Recent studies showed that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (M3), as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family member that plays an important role in normal physiological function, is engaged in cancer progression. However, the role of M3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not known. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and prognostic value of M3 in patients with PDAC. Materials and methods The localization and expression of M3 in PDAC were examined by immunohistochemistry. VAChT was employed to detect parasympathetic nerve fibers in the corresponding M3 PDAC tissues. The correlation between M3 expression and patients’ survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results M3 was discovered predominantly localized in the cell cytoplasm and expressed in all specimens of PDAC patients. Significant correlation was noted between increased M3 intensity and high grade of PDAC (P<0.01), more lymph node metastasis (P<0.01) as well as shorter patient overall survival (P<0.01). Morphologically, cells with high M3 expression were more frequently located at the invasive tumor front/tumor budding cells, metastatic lymph nodes and parasympathetic nerve fibers. Conclusion High expression of M3 is a prognostic marker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital
| | - Dianrong Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital
| | - Jun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology
| | - Xiaokun He
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology
| | - Limei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center; Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology
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Wang N, Dong BJ, Quan Y, Chen Q, Chu M, Xu J, Xue W, Huang YR, Yang R, Gao WQ. Regulation of Prostate Development and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Autocrine Cholinergic Signaling via Maintaining the Epithelial Progenitor Cells in Proliferating Status. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:668-678. [PMID: 27167157 PMCID: PMC4939755 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of prostate epithelial progenitor cells is important in prostate development and prostate diseases. Our previous study demonstrated a function of autocrine cholinergic signaling (ACS) in promoting prostate cancer growth and castration resistance. However, whether or not such ACS also plays a role in prostate development is unknown. Here, we report that ACS promoted the proliferation and inhibited the differentiation of prostate epithelial progenitor cells in organotypic cultures. These results were confirmed by ex vivo lineage tracing assays and in vivo renal capsule recombination assays. Moreover, we found that M3 cholinergic receptor (CHRM3) was upregulated in a large subset of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues compared with normal tissues. Activation of CHRM3 also promoted the proliferation of BPH cells. Together, our findings identify a role of ACS in maintaining prostate epithelial progenitor cells in the proliferating state, and blockade of ACS may have clinical implications for the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bai-Jun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yizhou Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mingliang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi-Ran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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