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Eriten B, Caglayan C, Gür C, Küçükler S, Diril H. Hepatoprotective effects of zingerone on sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Modulating the levels of caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2, NLRP3/NF-κB/TNF-α and ATF6/IRE1/PERK/GRP78 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 725:150258. [PMID: 38897041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to several illnesses, including hypertension, diabetes, hepatic and renal diseases and cardiovascular malfunction. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether zingerone (ZN) could shield rats against the hepatotoxicity that sodium arsenite (SA) causes. METHODS The following five groups of thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were created: I) Control; received normal saline, II) ZN; received ZN, III) SA; received SA, IV) SA + ZN 25; received 10 mg/kg body weight SA + 25 mg/kg body weight ZN, and V) SA + ZN 50; received 10 mg/kg body weight SA + 50 mg/kg body weight ZN. The experiment lasted 14 days, and the rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. While oxidative stress parameters were studied by spectrophotometric method, apoptosis, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress parameters were measured by RT-PCR method. RESULTS The SA disrupted the histological architecture and integrity of the liver and enhanced oxidative damage by lowering antioxidant enzyme activity, such as those of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) level and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver tissue. Additionally, SA increased the mRNA transcript levels of Bcl2 associated x (Bax), caspases (-3, -6, -9), apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), MAPK15, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) in the liver tissue. Also produced endoplasmic reticulum stress by raising the mRNA transcript levels of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78). These factors together led to inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. On the other hand, liver tissue treated with ZN at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg showed significant improvement in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study's data suggest that administering ZN may be able to lessen the liver damage caused by SA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Eriten
- Department of Pathology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halit Diril
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Dursun Odabaş Medical Center, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Wang X, Qiu W, Hu G, Diao X, Li Y, Li Y, Li P, Liu Y, Feng Y, Xue C, Cao Y, Xu Z. NS7a of SADS-CoV promotes viral infection via inducing apoptosis to suppress type III interferon production. J Virol 2024; 98:e0031724. [PMID: 38624231 PMCID: PMC11092342 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00317-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered swine coronavirus with potential cross-species transmission risk. Although SADS-CoV-induced host cell apoptosis and innate immunity antagonization has been revealed, underlying signaling pathways remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that infection of SADS-CoV induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, and that viral protein NS7a is mainly responsible for SADS-CoV-induced apoptosis in host cells. Furthermore, we found that NS7a interacted with apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1) to activate caspase-3 via caspase-6 in SADS-CoV-infected cells, and enhanced SADS-CoV replication. Importantly, NS7a suppressed poly(I:C)-induced expression of type III interferon (IFN-λ) via activating caspase-3 to cleave interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and caspase-3 inhibitor protects piglets against SADS-CoV infection in vivo. These findings reveal how SADS-CoV induced apoptosis to inhibit innate immunity and provide a valuable clue to the development of effective drugs for the clinical control of SADS-CoV infection.IMPORTANCEOver the last 20 years, multiple animal-originated coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have caused millions of deaths, seriously jeopardized human health, and hindered social development, indicating that the study of animal-originated coronaviruses with potential for cross-species transmission is particularly important. Bat-originated swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), discovered in 2017, can not only cause fatal diarrhea in piglets, but also infect multiple human cells, with a potential risk of cross-species transmission, but its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that NS7a of SADS-CoV suppresses IFN-λ production via apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1)-caspase-6-caspase-3-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathway, and caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK) can effectively inhibit SADS-CoV replication and protect infected piglets. Our findings in this study contribute to a better understanding of SADS-CoV-host interactions as a part of the coronaviruses pathogenesis and using apoptosis-inhibitor as a drug as potential therapeutic approaches for prevention and control of SADS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Huang L, Wei Y, Ni M, Hu H, Xi L, Wang C, Zhu Z, Yang B, Zhao H. Novel Withanolides from Tubocapsicum anomalum Suppress Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Triggering Apoptosis and p53-ASCT2-SLC7A11-Mediated Ferroptosis. Molecules 2024; 29:1838. [PMID: 38675657 PMCID: PMC11052464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignant breast cancer. There is an urgent need for effective drugs to be developed for TNBC. Tubocapsicum anomalum (T. anomalum) has been reported to have an anti-tumor effect, and six novel withanolides were isolated from it and designated as TAMEWs. However, its anti-TNBC effect is still unknown. The results of an MTT assay indicated a higher sensitivity of TNBC cells to TAMEWs compared to other cells. TAMEWs induced apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction. They caused increased levels of lipid ROS and Fe2+, with downregulation of GSH and cystine uptake, and it has been confirmed that TAMEWs induced ferroptosis. Additionally, the results of Western blotting indicate that TAMEWs significantly decrease the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins. Through further investigation, it was found that the knockdown of the p53 gene resulted in a significant reversal of ferroptosis and the expressions of its associated proteins SLC7A11, ASCT2, and GPX4. In vivo, TAMEWs suppressed TNBC growth with no obvious damage. The IHC results also showed that TAMEWs induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in vivo. Our findings provide the first evidence that TAMEWs suppress TNBC growth through apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
| | - Yingying Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
| | - Maowei Ni
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Hongtao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
| | - Luyi Xi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
| | - Huajun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Rd., Hangzhou 311402, China; (L.H.)
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Rd., Hangzhou 310053, China
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An L, Chang G, Zhang L, Wang P, Gao W, Li X. Pectin: Health-promoting properties as a natural galectin-3 inhibitor. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:93-118. [PMID: 38630380 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 has a variety of important pathophysiological significance in the human body. Much evidence shows that the abnormal expression of galectin-3 is related to the formation and development of many diseases. Pectin is mostly obtained from processed citrus fruits and apples and is a known natural inhibitor of galactin-3. A large number of peels produced each year are discarded, and it is necessary to recycle some of the economically valuable active compounds in these by-products to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution. By binding with galectin-3, pectin can directly reduce the expression level of galectin-3 on the one hand, and regulate the expression level of cytokines by regulating certain signaling pathways on the other hand, to achieve the effect of treating diseases. This paper begins by presenting an overview of the basic structure of pectin, subsequently followed by a description of the structure of galectin-3 and its detrimental impact on human health when expressed abnormally. The health effects of pectin as a galectin-3 inhibitor were then summarized from the perspectives of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, ameliorating fibrotic diseases, and anti-diabetes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of future research on pectin are presented, which provide important references for expanding the application of pectin in the pharmaceutical industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Guanglu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, 300402, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Pengwang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Wang C, Zhang S, Li Y, Gong L, Yao C, Fu K, Li Y. Phillygenin Inhibits TGF-β1-induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Inflammation: Regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 and Wnt/β-catenin Pathways. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01984-w. [PMID: 38393550 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF), a precursor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is caused by abnormal proliferation of connective tissue and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. Notably, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key link in the development of HF. Phillygenin (PHI, C21H24O6) is a lignan component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Forsythiae Fructus, which has various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumour effects. However, whether PHI can directly inhibit HSC activation and ameliorate the mechanism of action of HF has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro anti-HF effects of PHI and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-activated mouse HSCs (mHSCs) and human HSCs (LX-2 cells) were used as an in vitro model of HF and treated with different concentrations of PHI for 24 h. Subsequently, cell morphological changes were observed under the microscope, cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the mechanism of anti-fibrotic effect of PHI was explored by immunofluorescence, ELISA, RT-qPCR and western blot. The results showed that PHI suppressed the proliferation of TGF-β1-activated mHSCs and LX-2 cells, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, decreased the levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, TIMP1 and MMP2 genes and proteins, and promoted apoptosis in activated mHSCs and LX-2 cells. Besides, PHI reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in activated mHSCs and LX-2 cells, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect. Mechanically, PHI inhibited TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and inflammation, at least in part through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Overall, PHI has significant anti-HF effects and may be a promising agent for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenhao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
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Pang H, Wu H, Zhan Z, Wu T, Xiang M, Wang Z, Song L, Wei B. Exploration of anti‑osteosarcoma activity of asiatic acid based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:33. [PMID: 38186298 PMCID: PMC10777446 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are malignant bone tumors that typically originate in the epiphyses of the long bones of the extremities in adolescents. Asiatic acid has been reported to possess anti‑inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. The present study used a combination of network pharmacological prediction and in vitro experimental validation to explore the potential pharmacological mechanism of asiatic acid against osteosarcoma. A total of 78 potential asiatic acid targets in osteosarcoma were identified using databases. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways are essential in the treatment of osteosarcoma with asiatic acid. Molecular docking revealed binding of asiatic acid to EGFR, Caspase‑3, ESR1, HSP90AA1, IL‑6 and SRC proteins. asiatic acid inhibited proliferation through G2/M cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, asiatic acid induced mitochondria‑dependent apoptosis as demonstrated by increases in Bax and VDAC1 expression, and a decrease in Bcl‑2 protein expression. The increased autophagosomes, increased LC3‑II/I ratios and decreased p62 expression in the treatment group indicated that asiatic acid triggered autophagy. In addition, asiatic acid decreased the levels of phosphorylated (p‑)PI3K/PI3K and p‑AKT/AKT, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated the levels of p‑ERK1/2/ERK1/2, p‑p38/p38 and p‑JNK/JNK in osteosarcoma cells. These results demonstrated that asiatic acid inhibited osteosarcoma cells proliferation by inhibiting PI3K/AKT and activating ROS/MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting asiatic acid is a potential agent against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Pang
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hang Wu
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhan
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Min Xiang
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Akgul E, Gunduz MK, Parlar Aİ, Guner Y, Eroglu M, Ozhan A, Alptekin GS, Cekirdekci A. The Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Ranolazine on Cerebral Protection during Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Carotid Artery Surgery. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2024; 40:77-86. [PMID: 38264074 PMCID: PMC10801430 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202401_40(1).20230814c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine the usability of ranolazine (Rn) as a neuroprotective during cardiac surgeries and carotid artery interventions where cerebral blood flow is interrupted. Methods Female Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each. The first group (Group 1) was the control group. Group 2 underwent ischemia induction but was not treated with Rn. Group 3 received 25 mg/kg/day and Group 4 50 mg/kg/day Rn intraperitoneally, starting 3 days before ischemia induction. Bilateral carotid arteries were explored and clamped simultaneously. Ischemia was induced for 15 minutes. After 72 hours, the experimental animals were sacrificed. Results Superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, and interleukin 6 levels were similar among the 4 groups. Acetylcholine esterase (Group 3: p = 0.007, Group 4: p = 0.002), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Group 4: p = 0.01), and annexin V (Group 3: p = 0.001) levels were statistically significantly lower in the Rn-treated groups. Malondialdehyde (Group 3: p = 0.003, Group 4: p = 0.009), reduced glutathione (Group 4: p = 0.04), acid phosphatase (Group 3: p = 0.04), noradrenaline (Group 3: p = 0.01), and Bcl-2 (Group 4: p = 0.004) levels were significantly higher in the Rn-treated groups. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated the antiapoptotic effect of Rn in a brain ischemia-reperfusion model of rats receiving Rn before the procedure.
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Saygin C, Giordano G, Shimamoto K, Eisfelder B, Thomas-Toth A, Venkataraman G, Ananthanarayanan V, Vincent TL, DuVall A, Patel AA, Chen Y, Tan F, Anthony SP, Chen Y, Shen Y, Odenike O, Teachey DT, Kee BL, LaBelle J, Stock W. Dual Targeting of Apoptotic and Signaling Pathways in T-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3151-3161. [PMID: 37363966 PMCID: PMC10425730 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Relapsed T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has limited treatment options. We investigated mechanisms of resistance to BH3 mimetics in T-ALL to develop rational combination strategies. We also looked at the preclinical efficacy of NWP-0476, a novel BCL-2/BCL-xL inhibitor, as single agent and combination therapy in T-ALL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used BH3 profiling as a predictive tool for BH3 mimetic response in T-ALL. Using isogenic control, venetoclax-resistant (ven-R) and NWP-0476-resistant (NWP-R) cells, phosphokinase array was performed to identify differentially regulated signaling pathways. RESULTS Typical T-ALL cells had increased dependence on BCL-xL, whereas early T-precursor (ETP)-ALL cells had higher BCL-2 dependence for survival. BCL-2/BCL-xL dual inhibitors were effective against both subtypes of T-lineage ALL. A 71-protein human phosphokinase array showed increased LCK activity in ven-R cells, and increased ACK1 activity in ven-R and NWP-R cells. We hypothesized that pre-TCR and ACK1 signaling pathways are drivers of resistance to BCL-2 and BCL-xL inhibition, respectively. First, we silenced LCK gene in T-ALL cell lines, which resulted in increased sensitivity to BCL-2 inhibition. Mechanistically, LCK activated NF-κB pathway and the expression of BCL-xL. Silencing ACK1 gene resulted in increased sensitivity to both BCL-2 and BCL-xL inhibitors. ACK1 signaling upregulated AKT pathway, which inhibited the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. In a T-ALL patient-derived xenograft model, combination of NWP-0476 and dasatinib demonstrated synergy without major organ toxicity. CONCLUSIONS LCK and ACK1 signaling pathways are critical regulators of BH3 mimetic resistance in T-ALL. Combination of BH3 mimetics with tyrosine kinase inhibitors might be effective against relapsed T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Saygin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Giorgia Giordano
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Shimamoto
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bart Eisfelder
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Tiffaney L. Vincent
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam DuVall
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anand A. Patel
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yi Chen
- Newave Pharmaceutical Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Fenlai Tan
- Newave Pharmaceutical Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Newave Pharmaceutical Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Yue Shen
- Newave Pharmaceutical Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Olatoyosi Odenike
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David T. Teachey
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara L. Kee
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James LaBelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wendy Stock
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Przespolewski ER, Baron J, Kashef F, Fu K, Jani Sait SN, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Thompson J. Concomitant Venetoclax and Imatinib for Comanaging Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023; 21:102-107. [PMID: 36791756 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2022.7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Patients with synchronous malignancies can be problematic to diagnose and manage because workup and therapeutic targeting for each individual malignancy must be coordinated carefully. This report presents a patient with concurrent chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) managed with concomitant venetoclax and imatinib. Because imatinib is a moderate cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor, close monitoring is required when using with a substrate of 3A4 such as venetoclax. Although the target dose of venetoclax is 400 mg, it was capped at 100 mg due to the interaction. Despite the interaction and possible enhancement of toxicities, the patient has tolerated therapy well, and both diseases have responded to this novel approach. In addition, because aberrant BCL-2 activity has been implicated in CML, the use of venetoclax may contribute to success in the management of this patient's CML. This case report represents the safe concomitant use of venetoclax and imatinib in a patient with synchronous CML and CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Farshid Kashef
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kai Fu
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - James Thompson
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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10
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhou J, Ma L, Li J, Yang L, Ouyang H, Yuan H, Pang D. Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus: An Update Review and Perspective. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020359. [PMID: 36851573 PMCID: PMC9958687 DOI: 10.3390/v15020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a member of the alphacoronavirus genus, which has caused huge threats and losses to pig husbandry with a 100% mortality in infected piglets. TGEV is observed to be recombining and evolving unstoppably in recent years, with some of these recombinant strains spreading across species, which makes the detection and prevention of TGEV more complex. This paper reviews and discusses the basic biological properties of TGEV, factors affecting virulence, viral receptors, and the latest research advances in TGEV infection-induced apoptosis and autophagy to improve understanding of the current status of TGEV and related research processes. We also highlight a possible risk of TGEV being zoonotic, which could be evidenced by the detection of CCoV-HuPn-2018 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuanzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lerong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (D.P.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (D.P.)
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (D.P.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (D.P.)
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11
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Wang X, Xu P, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lenahan C, Fang Y, Lu J, Zheng J, Wang K, Wang W, Zhou J, Chen S, Zhang J. New Insights of Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focus on the Caspase Family. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:392-408. [PMID: 35450528 PMCID: PMC10190145 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220420115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), primarily caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, remains a prominent clinical challenge with a high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Accumulating clinical trials aiming at the prevention of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) have failed to improve the clinical outcome of patients with SAH. Therefore, a growing number of studies have shifted focus to the pathophysiological changes that occur during the periods of early brain injury (EBI). New pharmacological agents aiming to alleviate EBI have become a promising direction to improve outcomes after SAH. Caspases belong to a family of cysteine proteases with diverse functions involved in maintaining metabolism, autophagy, tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural development. Increasing evidence shows that caspases play a critical role in brain pathology after SAH. Therefore, caspase regulation could be a potential target for SAH treatment. Herein, we provide an overview pertaining to the current knowledge on the role of caspases in EBI after SAH, and we discuss the promising therapeutic value of caspase-related agents after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penglei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Death Receptor DR5 as a Proviral Factor for Viral Entry and Replication of Coronavirus PEDV. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122724. [PMID: 36560727 PMCID: PMC9783156 DOI: 10.3390/v14122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of Coronaviridae, causes high mortality in newborn piglets, and has caused significant economic losses in the pig industry. PEDV infection can induce apoptosis, both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent, but the details of apoptosis remain clarified. This study investigated the effect of death receptor DR5 on PEDV infection and its relationship with PEDV-induced apoptosis. We found that DR5 knockdown reduced viral mRNA and protein levels of PEDV, and the viral titer decreased from 104.5 TCID50 to 103.4 TCID50 at 12 hpi. Overexpression of DR5 significantly increased the viral titer. Further studies showed that DR5 facilitates viral replication by regulating caspase-8-dependent apoptosis, and the knockdown of DR5 significantly reduced PEDV-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, we detected a biphasic upregulation expression of DR5 in both Vero cells and piglets in response to PEDV infection. We found that DR5 also facilitates viral entry of PEDV, especially, incubation with DR5 antibody can reduce the PEDV binding to Vero cells. Our study improves the understanding of the mechanism by which PEDV induces apoptosis and provides new insights into the biological function of DR5 in PEDV infection.
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13
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Xia T, Lei H, Wang J, He Y, Wang H, Gao L, Qi T, Xiong X, Liu L, Zhu Y. Identification of an ergosterol derivative with anti-melanoma effect from the sponge-derived fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. XWS03F09. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008053. [PMCID: PMC9608767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to treat malignant melanoma because of its high malignancy. New and effective therapies for treating malignant melanoma are urgently needed. Ergosterols are known for specific biological activities and have received widespread attention in cancer therapy. Here, LH-1, a kind of ergosterol from the secondary metabolites of the marine fungus Pestalotiopsis sp., was extracted, isolated, purified, and further investigated the biological activities against melanoma. In vitro experiments, the anti-proliferation effect on tumor cells was detected by MTT and colony formation assay, and the anti-metastatic effect on tumor cells was investigated by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Subcutaneous xenograft models, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry have been used to verify the anti-tumor, toxic, and side effect in vivo. Besides, the anti-tumor mechanism of LH-1 was studied by mRNA sequencing. In vitro, LH-1 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells A375 and B16-F10 in a dose-dependent manner and promote tumor cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In vivo assays confirmed that LH-1 could suppress melanoma growth by inducing cell apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation, and it did not have any notable toxic effects on normal tissues. LH-1 may play an anti-melanoma role by upregulating OBSCN gene expression. These findings suggest that LH-1 may be a potential for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yijing He
- Department of Science and Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lanyang Gao
- Department of Science and Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingting Qi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Xia Xiong,
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Li Liu,
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxia Zhu,
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14
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High-throughput screening identifies stevioside as a potent agent to induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115166. [PMID: 35820501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is a global health issue that lacks effective treatment strategies. Growing evidence suggests that various natural products possess anti-tumour effects. This study aims to identify a novel agent that can be used in the treatment of BC. METHODS High-throughput screening was conducted to search for potential anti-BC natural agents. Cell viabilities were measured by the CCK-8 assay. Cell death, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial outer membrane potential (MOMP) were measured by flow cytometry. RNA sequencing was conducted to identify the affected signalling pathways. Western blots were used to measure the change of proteins. Xenografts models were used to assess the anti-tumour effects in vivo. RESULTS Through high-throughput screening, we identified stevioside, a diterpenoid glycoside isolated from Stevia rebaudiana, which selectively inhibited the viability of BC cells and induced their intrinsic apoptosis sparing normal cells. Stevioside also induced mitochondrial stress in BC cells, and activated Bax by downregulating Mcl-1 and upregulating Noxa. RNA sequencing revealed that stevioside treatment caused activation of GSK-3β and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling pathways. Activation of GSK-3β induced upregulation of FBXW7, which effectuated the downregulation of Mcl-1. In addition, activation of GSK-3β triggered ER stress, leading to the upregulation of Noxa. Further investigations revealed that the accumulation of ROS was responsible for the activation of the GSK-3β signalling pathway in BC cells. Moreover, we also found that stevioside inhibited the growth of BC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that stevioside can be a potential agent for the treatment of BC.
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Lipase-triggered drug release from BCL2 inhibitor ABT-199-loaded nanoparticles to elevate anti-leukemic activity through enhanced drug targeting on the mitochondrial membrane. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:246-259. [PMID: 35405327 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Selective BCL2 inhibitor ABT-199 has been approved to treat hematological malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, acquired drug resistance and severe side effects occur after extended treatment limiting the clinical usage of ABT-199. Here, we successfully encapsulated pure ABT-199 in amphiphilic mPEG-b-PTMC169 block copolymer, forming mPEG-b-PTMC169@ABT-199 nanoparticles (abbreviated as PEG-ABT-199), which presented better aqueous dispersion and higher efficiency of loading and encapsulation than pure ABT-199. We then compared the anti-leukemic ability of pure ABT-199 and PEG-ABT-199 in vitro and in vivo. PEG-ABT-199 had a lower IC50 value compared with pure ABT-199 in MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cell lines. In addition, PEG-ABT-199 significantly induced apoptosis and decreased colony number than pure ABT-199. Most importantly, PEG-ABT-199 markedly reduced leukemic burden, inhibited the infiltration of leukemic blasts in the spleen, and extended the overall survival (OS) in MLL-AF9-transduced murine AML compared with free ABT-199. Meanwhile, the blank PEG169 NP was non-toxic to normal hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PEG169 NP is a safe carrier. Mechanistically, PEG-ABT-199 enhanced mitochondria-targeted delivery of ABT-199 to trigger the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the release of cytochrome c (cyt-c), and mitochondria-based apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that PEG-ABT-199 has more vital anti-leukemic ability than pure ABT-199. PEG-ABT-199 has potential application in clinical trials to alleviate side effects and improve anti-leukemia ability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: ATB-199, an orally selective inhibitor for BCL2 protein, presents marked activity in relapsed or refractory AML, T-ALL, and CLL patients. However, ABT-199 resistance severely limits the further clinical usage because of off-target effects, non-specific toxicities, and low delivery of drugs. To reduce the side-effects and improve the solubility and bioavailability, ABT-199 was encapsulated into the amphiphilic mPEG-b-PTMC block copolymer by co-assembly method to obtain mPEG-b-PTMC@ABT-199 nanoparticles (PEG-ABT-199). PEG-ABT-199 has several advantages compared with pure ABT-199. 1.PEG-ABT-199 presents better aqueous dispersion and higher efficiencies of loading and encapsulation than pure ABT-199. 2. PEG-ABT-199 substantially enhances the anti-leukemic ability in vitro and in vivo compared with pure ABT-199. 3. PEG-ABT-199 has little effects on normal cells. 4. PEG-ABT-199 can reduce treatment cost.
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16
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Shi W, Yao X, Fu Y, Wang Y. Interferon‑α and its effects on cancer cell apoptosis (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:235. [PMID: 35720476 PMCID: PMC9185151 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-α is a cytokine that exhibits a wide range of biological activities and is used in various cancer treatments. It regulates numerous genes that serve roles in antiviral, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities. For decades, one of the main aspects of clinical oncology has been the development of anticancer therapeutics that promote the effective elimination of cancer cells via apoptosis. However, the updated available information concerning IFN-α-induced cancer cell apoptosis needs to be assembled, so as to provide an improved theoretical reference for the basic scientific research and clinical treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, the present review focuses on the potential effects of IFN-α in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. The biological characteristics of IFN-α, the apoptotic signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis caused by IFN-α are discussed in different types of cancer cells. The present review provided a comprehensive understanding of the effects of IFN-α on cancer cell apoptosis, which will aid in developing more efficient strategies to effectively control the progression of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Shi
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Yingze Wang
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
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Potent, p53-independent induction of NOXA sensitizes MLL-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to venetoclax. Oncogene 2022; 41:1600-1609. [PMID: 35091682 PMCID: PMC8913358 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements (MLLr BCP-ALL) is still extremely poor. Inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 with venetoclax emerged as a promising strategy for this subtype of BCP-ALL, however, lack of sufficient responses in preclinical models and the possibility of developing resistance exclude using venetoclax as monotherapy. Herein, we aimed to uncover potential mechanisms responsible for limited venetoclax activity in MLLr BCP-ALL and to identify drugs that could be used in combination therapy. Using RNA-seq, we observed that long-term exposure to venetoclax in vivo in a patient-derived xenograft model leads to downregulation of several tumor protein 53 (TP53)-related genes. Interestingly, auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, sensitized MLLr BCP-ALL to venetoclax in various in vitro and in vivo models, independently of the p53 pathway functionality. Synergistic activity of these drugs resulted from auranofin-mediated upregulation of NOXA pro-apoptotic protein and potent induction of apoptotic cell death. More specifically, we observed that auranofin orchestrates upregulation of the NOXA-encoding gene Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate-Induced Protein 1 (PMAIP1) associated with chromatin remodeling and increased transcriptional accessibility. Altogether, these results present an efficacious drug combination that could be considered for the treatment of MLLr BCP-ALL patients, including those with TP53 mutations.
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Taddei E, Rosiles A, Hernandez L, Luna R, Rubio C. Apoptosis in the Dentate Nucleus Following Kindling-induced Seizures in Rats. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:511-519. [PMID: 34852754 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211201161800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by abnormal and recurrent neuronal discharges that result in epileptic seizures. The dentate nuclei of the cerebellum receive excitatory input from different brain regions. Purkinje cell loss due to chronic seizures could lead to decreased inhibition of these excitatory neurons, resulting in the activation of apoptotic cascades in the dentate nucleus. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to determine whether there is a presence of apoptosis (either intrinsic or extrinsic) in the dentate nucleus, the final relay of the cerebellar circuit, following kindling-induced seizures. METHODS In order to determine this, seizures were triggered via the amygdaloid kindling model. Following 0, 15, or 45 stimuli, rats were sacrificed, and the cerebellum was extracted. It was posteriorly prepared for the immunohistochemical analysis with cell death biomarkers: TUNEL, Bcl-2, truncated Bid (tBid), Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase 3 (active form). Our findings reproduce results obtained in other parts of the cerebellum. RESULTS We found a decrease of Bcl-2 expression, an anti-apoptotic protein, in the dentate nucleus of kindled rats. We also determined the presence of TUNEL-positive neurons, which confirms the presence of apoptosis in the dentate nucleus. We observed the expression of tBid, Bax, as well as cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3, the main executor caspase of apoptosis. CONCLUSION There is a clear activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in the cells of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum of rats subjected to amygdaloid kindling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Taddei
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía"Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Artemio Rosiles
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía" Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leonardo Hernandez
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía"Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rudy Luna
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía"Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía"Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, México
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Nandi S, Adhikary A, Acharya K. Anti-cancer effect of astrakurkurol from a folklore tribal mushroom on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via mediating cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis, and migration. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14021. [PMID: 34811765 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Astraeus hygrometricus extensively been utilized by tribal people for long time. A triterpene, astrakurkurol has been isolated from A. hygrometricus but anticancer effect of this novel triterpene has imperceptibly been investigated. Motive of this research was to scrutinize its underlying apoptotic mechanism in HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated a selective effect of astrakurkurol with towering influence in HepG2 than Thle2 cells. The exposure of these triterpene-induced marked apoptotic morphological changes enhanced the rate of cell apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at G0/G1. Furthermore, these results are aided by decline in the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL with an increase in the expression of p53, Bax, Fas, FADD together with the activation of caspase cascade. Astrakurkurol also displayed a remarkable anti-migratory capacity at a lower concentration. Altogether, studies explained anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migratory efficacy of astrakurkurol on HepG2, composing a gripping challenge in the advancement of novel treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mushrooms, the minuscule pharmaceutical factory, bear hundreds of novel elements with incredible biological attributes. Triterpenoids from mushrooms has been proven to bear potentials of curing cancer. This study highlights the cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of novel triterpene in vitro in HepG2 cell, an HCC cell line. Astrakurkurol mediated cell death via both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling. Utilization of astrakurkurol will provide a non-toxic substitute of chemotherapy and also uplift the value of forsaken taxon, Astraeus and boost the rural acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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The anti-tumor effects of the combination of microwave hyperthermia and lobaplatin against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:229268. [PMID: 34282830 PMCID: PMC8829017 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the main lethal disease among females. The combination of lobaplatin and microwave hyperthermia plays a crucial role in several kinds of cancer in the clinic, but its possible mechanism in breast cancer has remained indistinct. Methods: Mouse models were used to detect breast cancer progression. Cell growth was explored with MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphonyl)-2H-tetrazolium) and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were investigated with a transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was probed with flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was examined with Western blots. Result: Combination treatment decreased breast cancer cell viability, colony formation, cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, the treatment-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy, activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, suppressed the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and down-regulated IAP and Bcl-2 family protein expression. Conclusion: These results indicate that lobaplatin is an effective breast cancer anti-tumor agent. Microwave hyperthermia was a useful adjunctive treatment. Combination treatment was more efficient than any single therapy. The possible mechanism for this effect was mainly associated with activation of the JNK signaling pathway, inactivation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and down-regulation of the Bcl-2 and IAP families.
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21
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Lan HY, An P, Liu QP, Chen YY, Yu YY, Luan X, Tang JY, Zhang H. Aidi injection induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the mitochondrial pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114073. [PMID: 33794335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma are very high all over the world, which seriously threatens human life and health. Aidi injection as a Chinese medicine preparation has a positive curative effect on hepatocellular carcinoma, but its mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of Aidi injection and explore its mechanism of action vitro and vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main components of Aidi injection were determined by LC-MS/MS. The effects of Aidi injection on the viability of HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells were detected via CCK-8 analysis and Calcein AM/PI staining. DAPI staining and flow cytometry were applied to analyze the apoptosis-induced effects of Aidi injection on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). The growth inhibition of Aidi injection on hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in nude mice bearing PLC/PRF/5 cells. The related signal transduction and apoptosis pathways were investigated through assays for JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), RNA-seq, KEGG, PPI and WB. RESULTS There were 12 main chemical components contained in Aidi injection, viz. cantharidin, syringin, calycosin-7-o-β-Dglucoside, isozinpidine, ginsenosides Rd, Rc, Rb1, Re, and Rg1, astragalosides II and IV, and eleutheroside E. Aidi injection significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and PLC/PLF/5 cells with IC50 of 20.66 mg/ml and 27.5 mg/ml at 48h, respectively, increased the proportion of dead cells, induced cell apoptosis, suppressed the tumor growth of nude mice bearing PLC/PLF/5 cells, reduced MMP, activated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signal transduction pathways, down-regulated the expression of p-PI3K and Bcl-xL, and up-regulated the expression of p-JNK, p-p38 and Bim. CONCLUSION Aidi injection inhibits the growth of liver cancer probably through regulating PI3K/Akt and MAPK signal transduction pathways, inducing MMP collapse to activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and then eliciting apoptosis of HCCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Injections
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phytochemicals/analysis
- Phytochemicals/pharmacology
- Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yue Lan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei An
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Salah HT, DiNardo CD, Konopleva M, Khoury JD. Potential Biomarkers for Treatment Response to the BCL-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2974. [PMID: 34198580 PMCID: PMC8231978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic apoptotic pathway dysregulation plays an essential role in all cancers, particularly hematologic malignancies. This role has led to the development of multiple therapeutic agents targeting this pathway. Venetoclax is a selective BCL-2 inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Given the reported resistance to venetoclax, understanding the mechanisms of resistance and the potential biomarkers of response is crucial to ensure optimal drug usage and improved patient outcomes. Mechanisms of resistance to venetoclax include alterations involving the BH3-binding groove, BCL2 gene mutations affecting venetoclax binding, and activation of alternative anti-apoptotic pathways. Moreover, various potential genetic biomarkers of venetoclax resistance have been proposed, including chromosome 17p deletion, trisomy 12, and TP53 loss or mutation. This manuscript provides an overview of biomarkers that could predict treatment response to venetoclax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen T. Salah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Courtney D. DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Shen L, Gan Q, Yang Y, Reis C, Zhang Z, Xu S, Zhang T, Sun C. Mitophagy in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:687246. [PMID: 34168551 PMCID: PMC8217453 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.687246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a severe cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. In recent years, reperfusion treatments based on thrombolytic and thrombectomy are major managements for ischemic stroke patients, and the recanalization time window has been extended to over 24 h. However, with the extension of the time window, the risk of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following reperfusion therapy becomes a big challenge for patient outcomes. I/R injury leads to neuronal death due to the imbalance in metabolic supply and demand, which is usually related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy referring to the process of specific autophagic elimination of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to prevent the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent cell death. Recent advances have implicated the protective role of mitophagy in cerebral ischemia is mainly associated with its neuroprotective effects in I/R injury. This review discusses the involvement of mitochondria dynamics and mitophagy in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and I/R injury in particular, focusing on the therapeutic potential of mitophagy regulation and the possibility of using mitophagy-related interventions as an adjunctive approach for neuroprotective time window extension after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoan Shen
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Qinyi Gan
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Youcheng Yang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmei Sun
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Ma xing shi gan decoction eliminates PM2.5-induced lung injury by reducing pulmonary cell apoptosis through Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in rats. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225703. [PMID: 32627816 PMCID: PMC7350893 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-apoptosis effect of Ma xing shi gan decoction (MXD) on PM2.5-induced lung injury via protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. A UPLC-MS/MS system was introduced for component analysis of MXD. Rats were instilled with PM2.5 solution suspension intratracheally to induce acute lung injury. The rats were then orally administered with MXD (16, 8, and 4 g/kg) once a day for 7 consecutive days. The therapeutic effects of MXD were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. The apoptotic cell death was analyzed by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The alterations in cytochrome c (Cytc) and cleaved-caspase-3 (C-caspase-3) were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expressions of Bax, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K were detected by Western blot. In vitro, PM2.5 exposure model was introduced in A549 cell, followed by incubation with MXD-medicated serum. Hoechst staining was used to determine apoptotic rate. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K were detected by Western blot. Our results in vivo indicated that treatment with MXD decreased histopathological changes score, TUNEL-positive cells rate, expressions of Cytc and C-caspase-3. The in vitro results revealed that incubation with MXD-mediated serum decreased apoptotic rate. Both results in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that MXD inhibited pro-apoptotic protein Bax and promoted anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. Likewise, MXD activated Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signal pathway, which was also confirmed by Western immunoblotting. In conclusion, MXD attenuates lung injury and the underlying mechanisms may relate to regulating the apoptosis via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway activation.
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25
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Fan X, Zhou J, Yan X, Bi X, Liang J, Lu S, Luo L, Zhou D, Yin Z. Citrate activates autophagic death of prostate cancer cells via downregulation CaMKII/AKT/mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2021; 275:119355. [PMID: 33744326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the antitumor effect of citrate on prostate cancer and its underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS CCK-8 and Colony formation assay were performed to detect the anti-proliferative effect of citrate on prostate cancer. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to investigate the pro-apoptosis effect of citrate on prostate cancer. Immunofluorescence assay was taken to detect whether citrate induced autophagy in prostate cancer. Western blot and Immunohistochemical assay were performed to explore the underlying mechanism by which citrate activates autophagic death in prostate cancer cells. Xenograft tumorigenicity assay was conducted to explore whether citrate suppressed the growth of xenograft prostate tumors in vivo. KEY FINDINGS We found citrate could significantly induce apoptosis and autophagy of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) drastically suppresses the apoptosis rate of prostate cancer induced by citrate. Based on the Ca2+-chelating property of citrate, the further study suggested that citrate activates autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells via downregulation CaMKII/AKT/mTOR pathway. Finally, citrate suppresses the growth of xenograft prostate tumors without remarkable toxicity in mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our study elucidated a novel molecular mechanism about the anti-cancer activities of citrate. That citrate activates autophagic cell death of prostate cancer via downregulation CaMKII/AKT/mTOR pathway and without remarkable toxicity in mice. This study suggests that citrate might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Bi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Liang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Jia J, Jin H, Nan D, Yu W, Huang Y. New insights into targeting mitochondria in ischemic injury. Apoptosis 2021; 26:163-183. [PMID: 33751318 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a marker of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Maintaining the function of mitochondria is important for improving the survival of neurons and maintaining neuronal function. Damaged mitochondria induce neuronal cell apoptosis by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-apoptotic factors. Mitochondrial fission and fusion processes and mitophagy are of great importance to mitochondrial quality control. This paper reviews the dynamic changes in mitochondria, the roles of mitochondria in different cell types, and related signaling pathways in ischemic stroke. This review describes in detail the role of mitochondria in the process of neuronal injury and protection in cerebral ischemia, and integrates neuroprotective drugs targeting mitochondria in recent years, which may provide a theoretical basis for the progress of treatment of ischemic stroke. The potential of mitochondrial-targeted therapy is also emphasized, which provides valuable insights for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ding Nan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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27
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Rajput IR, Yaqoob S, Yajing S, Sanganyado E, Wenhua L. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers exert genotoxic effects in pantropic spotted dolphin fibroblast cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116131. [PMID: 33412449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cetaceans accumulate persistent and toxic substances such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers in their tissue. PBDEs are ubiquitous in marine environments, and their exposure to mammals is linked to numerous health effects such as endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and fetal toxicity. However, the toxicological effects and mechanism of toxicity in cetaceans remains poorly understood. The effects of BDE-47 (0.1-0.5 μg mL-1), BDE-100 (0.1-0.5 μg mL-1), and BDE-209 (0.25-1.0 μg mL-1) exposure on cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial structure, and apoptosis were evaluated using a recently established pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) skin fibroblast cell line (PSD-LWHT) as an in vitro model. However, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased following exposure to 1.0 μg mL-1 PBDE while superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, and inducible nitric oxide increased in a dose-dependent manner. At 0.5-1.0 μg mL-1, PBDEs significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, exposure to BDE-47 and -209 significantly affected mitochondrial structure as well as cell signaling and transduction compared to BDE-100. Although PBDE exposure did not affect cell viability, a significant increase in cell apoptosis markers (Bcl2 and caspase-9) was observed. This study demonstrated that BDE-47, -100, and -209 congeners might cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects as they play a crucial role in the dysregulation of oxidative stress and alteration of mitochondrial and cell membrane structure and activity in the fibroblast cells. Hence, these results suggest that PBDEs might have adverse health effects on cetaceans inhabiting contaminated marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rashid Rajput
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Summra Yaqoob
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Sun Yajing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Liu Wenhua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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28
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Zhang XB, Hu YC, Cheng P, Zhou HY, Chen XY, Wu D, Zhang RH, Yu DC, Gao XD, Shi JT, Zhang K, Li SL, Song PJ, Wang KP. Targeted therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: inhibiting apoptosis is a promising treatment strategy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2799-2813. [PMID: 34220308 PMCID: PMC8241771 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial pathological process associated with low back pain (LBP). The pathogenesis is complicated, and the main pathological changes are IVD cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Apoptotic cell loss leads to ECM degradation, which plays an essential role in IDD pathogenesis. Apoptosis regulation may be a potential attractive therapeutic strategy for IDD. Previous studies have shown that IVD cell apoptosis is mainly induced by the death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. This article mainly summarizes the factors that induce IDD and apoptosis, the relationship between the three apoptotic pathways and IDD, and potential therapeutic strategies. Preliminary animal and cell experiments show that targeting apoptotic pathway genes or drug inhibition can effectively inhibit IVD cell apoptosis and slow IDD progression. Targeted apoptotic pathway inhibition may be an effective strategy to alleviate IDD at the gene level. This manuscript provides new insights and ideas for IDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Cun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - De-Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Dan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jin-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Shao-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng-Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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29
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Alhoshani A, Alatawi FO, Al-Anazi FE, Attafi IM, Zeidan A, Agouni A, El Gamal HM, Shamoon LS, Khalaf S, Korashy HM. BCL-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax Induces Autophagy-Associated Cell Death, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13357-13370. [PMID: 33414642 PMCID: PMC7783200 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Venetoclax (VCX) is a selective BCL-2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. However, the mechanisms of anti-cancer effect of VCX either as a monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer need investigation. Methods Breast cancer cell lines with different molecular subtypes (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SKBR-3) were treated with different concentrations of VCX for indicated time points. The expression of cell proliferative, apoptotic, and autophagy genes was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. In addition, the percentage of MDA-MB-231 cells underwent apoptosis, expressed higher oxidative stress levels, and the changes in the cell cycle phases were determined by flow cytometry. Results Treatment of human breast cancer cells with increasing concentrations of VCX caused a significant decrease in cells growth and proliferation. This effect was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells and in the expression of the apoptotic genes, caspase 3, caspase 7, and BAX, with inhibition of anti-apoptotic gene, BCL-2 levels. Induction of apoptosis by VCX treatment induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase with inhibition of cell proliferator genes, cyclin D1 and E2F1. Furthermore, VCX treatment increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and the expression level of autophagy markers, Beclin 1 and LC3-II. Importantly, these cellular changes by VCX increased the chemo-sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin. Discussion The present study explores the molecular mechanisms of VCX-mediated inhibitory effects on the growth and proliferation of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. The study also explores the role of BCL-2 as a novel targeted therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad O Alatawi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz E Al-Anazi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem M Attafi
- Poison Control & Medical Forensic Chemistry Center, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba M El Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Licia S Shamoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Khalaf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Xu Z, Zhang Y, Cao Y. The Roles of Apoptosis in Swine Response to Viral Infection and Pathogenesis of Swine Enteropathogenic Coronaviruses. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:572425. [PMID: 33324698 PMCID: PMC7725767 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated mechanism of cell death that plays important roles in various biological processes including biological evolution, multiple system development, anticancer, and viral infections. Swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses invade and damage villous epithelial cells of the small intestine causing severe diarrhea with high mortality rate in suckling piglets. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) are on the top list of commonly-seen swine coronaviruses with a feature of diarrhea, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Apoptosis has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis process of animal virus infectious diseases. Understanding the roles of apoptosis in host responses against swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses infection contribute to disease prevention and control. Here we summarize the recent findings that focus on the apoptosis during swine coronaviruses infection, in particular, TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Al-Ghabkari A, Perinpanayagam MA, Narendran A. Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR Pathways with GDC-0980 in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Abnormal FLT-3 Activity and Cooperation with Intracellular Signaling Targets. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:828-837. [PMID: 30914027 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190326120833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GDC-0980 is a selective small molecule inhibitor of class I PI3K and mTOR pathway with a potent anti-proliferative activity. OBJECTIVE We set out to evaluate the efficacy of GDC-0980, in pre-clinical studies, against pediatric leukemia cells. METHODS The anti-neoplastic activity of GDC-0980 was evaluated in vitro using five different pediatric leukemia cells. RESULTS Our data show that GDC-0980 significantly inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cell lines, KOPN8 (IC50, 532 nM), SEM (IC50,720 nM), MOLM-13 (IC50,346 nM), MV4;11 (IC50,199 nM), and TIB-202 (IC50, 848 nM), compared to normal control cells (1.23 µM). This antiproliferative activity was associated with activation of cellular apoptotic mechanism characterized by a decrease in Bcl-2 protein phosphorylation and enhanced PARP cleavage. Western blot analyses of GDC-0980 treated cells also showed decreased phosphorylation levels of mTOR, Akt and S6, but not ERK1/2. Notably, FLT3 phosphorylation was decreased in Molm-13 and MV4;11 cells following the application of GDC-0980. We further examined cellular viability of GDC-0980-treated primary leukemia cells isolated from pediatric leukemia patients. This study revealed a potential therapeutic effect of GDC-0980 on two ALL patients (IC50's, 1.23 and 0.625 µM, respectively). Drug combination analyses of GDC-0980 demonstrated a synergistic activity with the MEK inhibitor Cobimetinib (MV4-11; 11, CI, 0.25, SEM, CI, 0.32, and TIB-202, CI, 0.55) and the targeted FLT3 inhibitor, Crenolanib (MV4-11; 11, CI, 0.25, SEM, CI, 0.7, and TIB-202, CI, 0.42). CONCLUSION These findings provide initial proof-of-concept data and rationale for further investigation of GDC-0980 in selected subgroups of pediatric leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhameed Al-Ghabkari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maneka A Perinpanayagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
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32
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Jiang GJ, Fan TJ. Novel techniques to prevent apoptosis and improve regeneration in corneal endothelial cells. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1794821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jian Jiang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Lewis M, Prouzet‐Mauléon V, Lichou F, Richard E, Iggo R, Turcq B, Mahon F. A genome-scale CRISPR knock-out screen in chronic myeloid leukemia identifies novel drug resistance mechanisms along with intrinsic apoptosis and MAPK signaling. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6739-6751. [PMID: 38831555 PMCID: PMC7520295 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding resistance mechanisms in cancer is of utmost importance for the discovery of novel "druggable" targets. Efficient genetic screening, now even more possible with CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics, is an important tool for deciphering novel cellular processes, such as resistance to treatment in cancer. Imatinib specifically eliminates chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells by targeting and blocking the kinase activity of BCR-ABL1; however, resistance to treatment exists. In order to discover BCR-ABL1 independent mechanisms of imatinib resistance, we utilized the genome-scale CRISPR knock-out library to screen for imatinib-sensitizing genes in vitro on K562 cells. We revealed genes that seem essential for imatinib-induced cell death, such as proapoptotic genes (BIM, BAX) or MAPK inhibitor SPRED2. Specifically, reestablishing apoptosis in BIM knock-out (KO) cells with BH3 mimetics, or inhibiting MAPK signaling in SPRED2 KO cells with MEK inhibitors restores sensitivity to imatinib. In this work, we discovered previously identified pathways and novel pathways that modulate response to imatinib in CML cell lines, such as the implication of the Mediator complex, mRNA processing and protein ubiquitinylation. Targeting these specific genetic lesions with combinational therapy can overcome resistance phenotypes and paves the road for the use of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lewis
- Laboratory of Mammary and Leukemic OncogenesisInserm U1218 ACTIONUniversity of BordeauxBergonié Cancer InstituteBordeauxFrance
| | - Valérie Prouzet‐Mauléon
- Laboratory of Mammary and Leukemic OncogenesisInserm U1218 ACTIONUniversity of BordeauxBergonié Cancer InstituteBordeauxFrance
| | - Florence Lichou
- Laboratory of Mammary and Leukemic OncogenesisInserm U1218 ACTIONUniversity of BordeauxBergonié Cancer InstituteBordeauxFrance
| | - Elodie Richard
- Laboratory of Mammary and Leukemic OncogenesisInserm U1218 ACTIONUniversity of BordeauxBergonié Cancer InstituteBordeauxFrance
| | - Richard Iggo
- Laboratory of Mammary and Leukemic OncogenesisInserm U1218 ACTIONUniversity of BordeauxBergonié Cancer InstituteBordeauxFrance
| | - Béatrice Turcq
- Laboratory of Mammary and Leukemic OncogenesisInserm U1218 ACTIONUniversity of BordeauxBergonié Cancer InstituteBordeauxFrance
| | - François‐Xavier Mahon
- Laboratory of Mammary and Leukemic OncogenesisInserm U1218 ACTIONUniversity of BordeauxBergonié Cancer InstituteBordeauxFrance
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34
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Maiti A, Franquiz MJ, Ravandi F, Cortes JE, Jabbour EJ, Sasaki K, Marx K, Daver NG, Kadia TM, Konopleva MY, Masarova L, Borthakur G, DiNardo CD, Naqvi K, Pierce S, Kantarjian HM, Short NJ. Venetoclax and BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Combinations: Outcome in Patients with Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Advanced Myeloid Leukemias. Acta Haematol 2020; 143:567-573. [PMID: 32289808 PMCID: PMC7839068 DOI: 10.1159/000506346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) advanced leukemias, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in myeloid blast phase (MBP), have poor outcomes. Venetoclax has shown synergism with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in preclinical studies. However, clinical activity of venetoclax and TKI-based regimens is unknown. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on patients with Ph+ AML (n = 7) and CML-MBP (n = 9) who received venetoclax combined with TKI-based regimens at our institution. RESULTS Median patient age was 42 years, and the median number of prior therapy cycles was 5 (range 2-8). Nine patients received decitabine-based, and 7 received intensive chemotherapy-based regimens. Ten patients (63%) received ponatinib. The overall response rate (ORR) in 15 evaluable patients was 60% (1 complete remission [CR], 6 CR with incomplete hematologic recovery [CRi], 1 morphologic leukemia-free state, and 1 partial response). The ORR was 43% in Ph+ AML and 75% in CML-MBP. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 3.6 months, for AML OS was 2.0 months, and for CML-MBP OS was 10.9 months. The median relapse-free survival for AML and CML-MBP was 3.6 and 3.9 months, respectively. Compared to nonresponders, patients achieving CR/CRi had higher baseline Ph+ metaphases and BCR-ABL1 PCR. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy of venetoclax with TKI-based regimens shows encouraging activity in very heavily pretreated, advanced Ph+ leukemias, particularly CML-MBP.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/enzymology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/mortality
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imidazoles/administration & dosage
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Pyridazines/administration & dosage
- Retrospective Studies
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,
| | - Miguel J Franquiz
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kayleigh Marx
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naval G Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Y Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kiran Naqvi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Qin H, Zhang LL, Xiong XL, Jiang ZX, Xiao CP, Zhang LL, Wang YJ, Wu YT, Qiu YY, Zhou LS, Yan SQ. Li-Dan-He-Ji Improves Infantile Cholestasis Hepatopathy Through Inhibiting Calcium-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 32180721 PMCID: PMC7059769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile cholestatic hepatopathy (ICH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids in infancy, leading to serious liver cirrhosis or liver failure. The aetiology of ICH is complicated and some of them is unknown. Regardless of the aetiology, the finial pathology of ICH is hepatocyte apoptosis caused by severe and persistent cholestasis. It is already known that activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) could lead to the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanism by CaSR-mediated cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis is not fully understood. Li-Dan-He-Ji (LDHJ), a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription, was developed to treat ICH. Another aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of LDHJ in cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis. Using the primary hepatocytes, we first investigated the molecular mechanism of CaSR-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis. Then we prepared LDHJ granules and used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to identify the predominant drugs; confirmed the stability of the main substances; and for cell experiments screened forsythoside-A, emodin and chlorogenic acid as the three active substances of LDHJ granules. In the young rats with ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis and the primary hepatocytes with TCDC-induced cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis, the levels of liver injury and cholestasis-related biomarkers, calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), hepatocyte apoptosis, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cytochrome-C, caspase-3, phosphorylated-c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, and p-P38/P38 were all increased, while the levels of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)/ERK were decreased. However, LDHJ granules and its three active substances effectively reversed these changes. Furthermore, the three active substances reduced the increases in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and ROS levels and attenuated the dissipation of the mitochondria membrane potential in the TCDC-induced primary hepatocytes. The opposite results were obtained from the TCDC-induced primary hepatocytes treated with an agonist of CaSR (GdCl3) plus forsythoside-A, emodin or chlorogenic acid. Based on the results from in vivo and in vitro studies, LDHJ functions as an antagonist of CaSR to regulate hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis through the mitochondrial pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xiong
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Xia Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui-Ping Xiao
- Department of Social Services, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Li Zhang
- First Clinical College of Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ji Wang
- Department of Statistics and Medical Records, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qiu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Shan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Qi Yan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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36
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Wong KY, Chim CS. Venetoclax, bortezomib and S63845, an MCL1 inhibitor, in multiple myeloma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:728-737. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Venetoclax, an orally available BCL2-selective inhibitor, has demonstrated promising single-agent anti-tumour activity in myeloma especially patients with t(11;14). Herein, whether venetoclax sensitivity could be enhanced or restored in combination with bortezomib or S63845, a novel MCL1-selective inhibitor, was examined in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), including bortezomib-resistant HMCLs.
Methods
By MTS assay, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and hence sensitivity/resistance to venetoclax, bortezomib and S63845 were determined.
Key findings
Venetoclax (IC50 ≥100 nm), bortezomib (IC50 ≥50 nm) and S63845 (IC50 ≥100 nm) resistance was observed in nine (75%), three (25%) and six (50%) HMCLs, respectively. Moreover, venetoclax sensitivity was independent of bortezomib (R2 = 0.1107) or S63845 (R2 = 0.0213) sensitivity. Venetoclax sensitivity correlated with high mRNA ratio of BCL2/MCL1 (P = 0.0091), BCL2/BCL2L1 (P = 0.0182) and low MCL1 expression (P = 0.0091). In HMCLs sensitive to both venetoclax and bortezomib/S63845, venetoclax combined with S63845 showed stronger synergistic effect than combined with bortezomib. Moreover, in venetoclax-resistant HMCLs, S63845, but not bortezomib, significantly restored venetoclax sensitivity. Conversely, bortezomib combined with S63845 did not result in augmented bortezomib sensitivity or abolishment of bortezomib resistance.
Conclusions
Regardless of t(11;14), combination of venetoclax with S63845 is a promising strategy in enhancing venetoclax sensitivity or overcoming venetoclax resistance in myeloma therapy, hence warrant future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Scheffold A, Stilgenbauer S. Revolution of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Therapy: the Chemo-Free Treatment Paradigm. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:16. [PMID: 32025827 PMCID: PMC7002327 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-0881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Over the last years, targeted anticancer therapy with small molecule inhibitors and antibodies has much replaced chemoimmunotherapy, which has been the gold standard of care for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here we give an overview of novel targeted agents used in therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as efforts to overcome resistance development, focusing on approved drugs since they gained high relevance in clinical practice. Recent Findings Novel agents moved to the forefront as a treatment strategy of CLL due to their outstanding efficacy, almost irrespectively of the underlying genetic features. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a key molecule in the B cell receptor pathway, achieved dramatic efficacy even in poor-risk and chemo-refractory patients. Further success was accomplished with venetoclax, which specifically inhibits anti-apoptotic BCL2 and induces apoptosis of CLL cells. Summary Inhibition of BTK or BCL2 is very effective and induces prolongation of progression-free and overall survival. Approved combination treatments such as venetoclax or ibrutinib with obinutuzumab show high responses rates and long remission durations. However, evolution and selection of subclones with continuous treatment leads to resistance towards these novel drugs and disease relapse. Hence, comparison of sequential treatment with combinations and discontinuation of therapy are important aspects which need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Scheffold
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, D-89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany.
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38
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Liu Y, Fan D. The Preparation of Ginsenoside Rg5, Its Antitumor Activity against Breast Cancer Cells and Its Targeting of PI3K. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010246. [PMID: 31963684 PMCID: PMC7019936 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects, including anticancer effects. Nevertheless, there are few reports about the antitumor activity and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg5 against breast cancer cells. In the present study, the major ginsenoside Rb1 was transformed into the rare ginsenoside Rg5 through enzymatic bioconversion and successive acid-assisted high temperature and pressure processing. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3, and Rg5 were investigated for their antitumor effects against five human cancer cell lines via the MTT assay. Among them, Rg5 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against breast cancer. Moreover, Rg5 remarkably suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagic cell death. LC3B-GFP/Lysotracker and mRFP-EGFP-LC3B were utilized to show that Rg5 induced autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Western blot assays further illustrated that Rg5 decreased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and Bad and suppressed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in breast cancer. Moreover, Rg5-induced apoptosis and autophagy could be dramatically strengthened by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Finally, a molecular docking study demonstrated that Rg5 could bind to the active pocket of PI3K. Collectively, our results revealed that Rg5 could be a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China;
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China;
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Correspondence:
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39
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Sami SA, Darwish NHE, Barile ANM, Mousa SA. Current and Future Molecular Targets for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:3. [PMID: 31933183 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disease prognosis is poor and there is a high risk of chemo-resistant relapse for both young and old patients. Thus, there is a demand for alternative and target-specific drugs to improve the 5-year survival rate. Current treatment mainstays include chemotherapy, or mutation-specific targeting molecules including FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. Efforts to devise new, targeted therapy have included recent advances in methods for high-throughput genomic screening and the availability of computer-assisted techniques for the design of novel agents predicted to specifically inhibit mutant molecules involved in leukemogenesis. Crosstalk between the leukemia cells and the bone marrow microenvironment through cell surface molecules, such as the integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, might influence drug response and AML progression. This review article focuses on current AML treatment options, new AML targeted therapies, the role of integrins in AML progression, and a potential therapeutic agent-integrin αvβ3 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheedul A Sami
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Noureldien H E Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amanda N M Barile
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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40
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The Role of the BCL-2 Family of Proteins in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 33:33/1/e00107-19. [PMID: 31666279 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00107-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in HIV-1 therapy have transformed the once fatal infection into a manageable, chronic condition, yet the search for a widely applicable approach to cure remains elusive. The ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing the size of the HIV-1 latent reservoir has prompted investigation into the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency and immune escape. One of the major regulators of apoptosis, the BCL-2 protein, alongside its homologous family members, is a major target of HIV-1-induced change. Recent studies have now demonstrated the association of this protein with cells that support proviral forms in the setting of latency and have helped identify BCL-2 as a novel and promising therapeutic target for HIV-1 therapy directed at possible cure. This review aims to systematically review the interactions of HIV-1 with BCL-2 and its homologs and to examine the possibility of using BCL-2 inhibitors in the study and elimination of the latent reservoir.
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Li S, Sun Y, Tian T, Qin X, Lin S, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Zhu B, Cai X. MicroRNA-214-3p modified tetrahedral framework nucleic acids target survivin to induce tumour cell apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12708. [PMID: 31642557 PMCID: PMC6985659 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Due to the instability of microRNAs, the applications of microRNA are currently limited. Thus, we utilized tetrahedral framework nucleic acids and a targeted microRNAs to form a stable nanocomposite to explore whether this nanocomposite can promote apoptosis of tumour cells. Materials and methods In our study, the survivin gene, which is expressed only in tumour cells and embryonic cells, was selected as the target gene; miRNA‐214‐3p, which can reduce the expression of survivin, was modified onto tetrahedral framework nucleic acid, thereby producing a reduction in the expression of survivin upon intracellular delivery and eventually leading to tumour cell apoptosis. Results By comparing the stability of microRNAs with that of microRNA‐tetrahedral framework nucleic acid, we proved the superiority of this carrier system. The results of flow cytometry showed that after treated with this complex, the ratio of A549 cells in both late and early period of apoptosis in miRNA‐214‐3p‐tetrahedral framework nucleic acid group had doubled and the cell cycle in the G2‐M phase had declined. The decrease in the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein and the increase in the expression of pro‐apoptotic protein indicate that the ability of this complex to function in cells also makes it attractive as a new targeted therapy for cancer. Conclusion The unique expression of survivin in tumour cells and embryonic cells makes microRNA‐tetrahedral framework nucleic acid a new targeted therapy. In addition, due to the functional diversity of microRNAs, this delivery system approach can be applied to a wide variety of fields, such as targeted therapy and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taoran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Distelhorst CW, Bootman MD. Creating a New Cancer Therapeutic Agent by Targeting the Interaction between Bcl-2 and IP 3 Receptors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a035196. [PMID: 31110129 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 is a member of a family of proteins that regulate cell survival. Expression of Bcl-2 is aberrantly elevated in many types of cancer. Within cells of the immune system, Bcl-2 has a physiological role in regulating immune responses. However, in cancers arising from cells of the immune system Bcl-2 promotes cell survival and proliferation. This review summarizes discoveries over the past 30 years that have elucidated Bcl-2's role in the normal immune system, including its actions in regulating calcium (Ca2+) signals necessary for the immune response, and for Ca2+-mediated apoptosis at the end of an immune response. How Bcl-2 modulates the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) is discussed, and in particular, the role of Bcl-2/IP3R interactions in promoting the survival of cancer cells by preventing Ca2+-mediated cell death. The development and usage of a peptide, referred to as TAT-Pep8, or more recently, BIRD-2, that induces death of cancer cells by inhibiting Bcl-2's control over IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation is discussed. Studies aimed at discovering a small molecule that mimics BIRD-2's anticancer mechanism of action are summarized, along with the prospect of such a compound becoming a novel therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Distelhorst
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Martin D Bootman
- School of Life, Health, and Chemical Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
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Zhu Y, Zuo W, Chen L, Bian S, Jing J, Gan C, Wu X, Liu H, Su X, Hu W, Guo Y, Wang Y, Ye T. Repurposing of the anti-helminthic drug niclosamide to treat melanoma and pulmonary metastasis via the STAT3 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113610. [PMID: 31465777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma is increasing rapidly worldwide. Additionally, new and effective candidates for treating melanoma are needed because of the increase in drug resistance and the high metastatic potential of this cancer. The STAT3 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of melanoma, making STAT3 a promising anticancer target for melanoma therapy. Niclosamide, an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, has been identified as a potent STAT3 inhibitor that suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 and its transcript activity. In this study, we evaluated the biological activities of niclosamide in melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Niclosamide potently inhibited the growth of four melanoma cell lines and induced the apoptosis of melanoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Further, western blot analysis indicated that cell apoptosis was correlated with activation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, niclosamide markedly impaired melanoma cell migration and invasion, reduced phosphorylated STAT3Tyr705 levels, and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression. Additionally, in a xenograft model of A375, intraperitoneal administration of niclosamide inhibited tumor growth and tumor weight in a dose-dependent manner without obvious side effects. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decrease in Ki-67-positive cells and p-STAT3Try705-positive cells and increase in cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Notably, niclosamide significantly inhibited pulmonary metastasis in a B16-F10 melanoma lung metastasis model, including the number of lung metastatic nodules and lung/body coefficient. Importantly, a marked reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Gr1+CD11b+) infiltration in the pulmonary metastasis tissue was observed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that niclosamide is a promising candidate for treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Weiqiong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Shasha Bian
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jiayu Jing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Cailin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanglai Hu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Yin S, Qiu Y, Jin C, Wang R, Wu S, Liu H, Koo S, Han L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Pang X, Wang T, Yu H. 7‐Deoxynarciclasine shows promising antitumor efficacy by targeting Akt against hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3334-3346. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of PharmacyTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Chengyun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan province for Drug Quality Control and EvaluationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Rui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Song Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Seoul South Korea
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Xu Pang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
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Xu K, Guo C, Shi D, Meng J, Tian H, Guo S. Discovery of Natural Dimeric Naphthopyrones as Potential Cytotoxic Agents Through ROS-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E207. [PMID: 30987066 PMCID: PMC6520789 DOI: 10.3390/md17040207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A study on the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus sp. XNM-4, which was derived from marine algae Leathesia nana (Chordariaceae), led to the identification of one previously undescribed (1) and seventeen known compounds (2-18). Their planar structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, while the stereochemical assignments were defined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The biological activities of the compounds were assessed on five human cancer cell lines (PANC-1, A549, MDA-MB-231, Caco-2, and SK-OV-3), and one human normal cell line (HL-7702) using an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Among them, the dimeric naphthopyrones 7, 10 and 12 exhibited potent cytotoxicity. Further mechanism studies showed that 12 induced apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in the PANC-1 cells, caused morphological changes and generated ROS; and it induces PANC-1 cells apoptosis via ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Dayong Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jie Meng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Haiying Tian
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Shuju Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Campos EDV, Pinto R. Targeted therapy with a selective BCL-2 inhibitor in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2018; 41:169-177. [PMID: 31084767 PMCID: PMC6517609 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia are particularly difficult to treat, as they have a high risk of comorbidities, poor performance status and less tolerability to chemotherapy, as well as a more aggressive disease biology, responsible for the resistance to treatment. There is a need to explore novel therapeutic agents that are more effective and tolerable. Venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor is a promising agent, as BCL-2 overexpression is present in 84% of acute myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis and 95% of patients at relapse and has been associated with leukemia cell survival, chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. Objective To review the available data about venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia and how it can influence the treatment in older patients. Methods Using the Pubmed database, we selected 29 articles published within the last 15 years, considering preclinical and clinical trials and review studies that combined venetoclax with acute myeloid leukemia. Results Venetoclax has demonstrated promising results in preclinical and clinical trials, especially in patients with poor prognosis and the IDH mutation, with an excellent side-effect profile. However, resistance seems to develop rapidly with venetoclax monotherapy, because of antiapoptotic escape mechanisms. Conclusions While the results with the use of venetoclax seem encouraging, it is not likely that targeting a single pathway will result in long-term disease control. The solution includes the use of combined therapy to block resistance mechanisms and enhance apoptosis, by reducing MCL-1, increasing BIM or inhibiting the complex IV in the mitochondria.
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47
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Li D, Jin F, Ni T, Tao L, Wang H, Shi Q, Qian Y, Liu Y, Diao Y. Mechanism of Jinlong Capsule (JLC) in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) via the MAPK Signal Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.74.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li T, Cui Y, Wu B. Molecular dynamics investigations of structural and functional changes in Bcl-2 induced by the novel antagonist BDA-366. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2527-2537. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1491424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Yinglu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Zhao X, Liu L, Li R, Wei X, Luan W, Liu P, Zhao J. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α (HIF-1α) Induces Apoptosis of Human Uterosacral Ligament Fibroblasts Through the Death Receptor and Mitochondrial Pathways. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8722-8733. [PMID: 30504760 PMCID: PMC6289032 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia induces cell apoptosis in the uterosacral ligaments of patients with pelvic organ prolapse by upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIF-1α on human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts (hUSLFs) following treatment with the chemical inducer of hypoxia, cobalt chloride (CoCl2), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Material/Methods Ten women who underwent hysterectomy for benign disease provided uterosacral ligament tissue for cell extraction. Following CoCl2 treatment, cell viability of isolated and cultured hUSLFs was evaluated by the MTT assay. JC-1 fluorescence mitochondrial imaging was used to study the change in mitochondrial membrane potential. Cell apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) were measured by flow cytometry, TUNEL and Western blot, respectively. Results Hypoxia increased the expression of HIF-1α and increased cell apoptosis, decreased cell viability and expression levels of COL1A1. The JC-1 assay showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced and caspase-8, and -9 inhibitors partly reduced hUSLF apoptosis. HIF-1α treatment downregulated the expression of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), decoy receptor 2 (DcR2), and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax, and upregulated the expression tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), death receptor 5 (DR5) or TRAIL-R2, Fas, Bcl-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and cytochrome C, and increased the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, all of which were reversed by knockdown of HIF-1α. Conclusions HIF-1α significantly induced apoptosis of hUSLFs through both the cell death receptor and the mitochondrial-associated apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lidong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wenqing Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Guan R, Zou W, Dai X, Yu X, Liu H, Chen Q, Teng W. Mitophagy, a potential therapeutic target for stroke. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:87. [PMID: 30501621 PMCID: PMC6271612 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria autophagy, termed as mitophagy, is a mechanism of specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria. Mitophagy controls the quality and the number of mitochondria, eliminating dysfunctional or excessive mitochondria that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause cell death. Mitochondria are centrally implicated in neuron and tissue injury after stroke, due to the function of supplying adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the tissue, regulating oxidative metabolism during the pathologic process, and contribution to apoptotic cell death after stroke. As a catabolic mechanism, mitophagy links numbers of a complex network of mitochondria, and affects mitochondrial dynamic process, fusion and fission, reducing mitochondrial production of ROS, mediated by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The precise nature of mitophagy’s involvement in stroke, and its underlying molecular mechanisms, have yet to be fully clarified. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the integration of mitochondria with mitophagy, also to introduce and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the potential role, and possible signaling pathway, of mitophagy in the pathological processes of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. The author also provides evidence to explain the dual role of mitophagy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiao Guan
- Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China.,Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 150040, China.,London South Bank University, London, SE1 6RD, UK.,London Confucius Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Wei Zou
- Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China. .,First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China. .,Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 150040, China.
| | - Xiaohong Dai
- Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Tonghe Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315099, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Qiuxin Chen
- Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Wei Teng
- Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang province, China
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