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Dong X, Lin Y, Li K, Liang G, Huang X, Pan J, Wang L, Zhang D, Liu T, Wang T, Yan X, Zhang L, Li X, Qu X, Jia D, Li Y, Zhang H. Consensus statement on extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsy for advancing laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0188. [PMID: 38896030 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of nanoscale membrane vesicles actively released by cells. These EVs can be further subdivided into categories like exosomes and microvesicles, based on their origins, sizes, and physical attributes. Significantly, disease-derived EVs have been detected in virtually all types of body fluids, providing a comprehensive molecular profile of their cellular origins. As a result, EVs are emerging as a valuable addition to liquid biopsy techniques. In this collective statement, the authors share their current perspectives on EV-related research and product development, with a shared commitment to translating this newfound knowledge into clinical applications for cancer and other diseases, particularly as disease biomarkers. The consensus within this document revolves around the overarching recognition of the merits, unresolved questions, and existing challenges surrounding EVs. This consensus manuscript is a collaborative effort led by the Committee of Exosomes, Society of Tumor Markers, Chinese anti-Cancer Association, aimed at expediting the cultivation of robust scientific and clinically applicable breakthroughs and propelling the field forward with greater swiftness and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Dong
- 558113 Central Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for hematologic disease, Shenzhen University General Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 47885 The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- 74623 School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology , Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- 47885 MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, 534787 MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, China
| | - Long Zhang
- 12377 MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 558113 Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, 159407 The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Hao MJ, Cheng ZY, Gao Y, Xin L, Yu CT, Wang TL, Li ZS, Wang LW. Liquid biopsy of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:698-709. [PMID: 38466190 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2310167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Early detection and access to appropriate treatment are crucial for the long-term survival of patients. However, limited diagnostic and monitoring methods are available for identifying early stage ESCC. Endoscopic screening and surgical resection are commonly used to diagnose and treat early ESCC. However, these methods have disadvantages, such as high recurrence, lethality, and mortality rates. Therefore, methods to improve early diagnosis of ESCC and reduce its mortality rate are urgently required. In 1961, Gary et al. proposed a novel liquid biopsy approach for clinical diagnosis. This involved examining exosomes, circulating tumour cells, circulating free DNA, and circulating free RNA in body fluids. The ability of liquid biopsy to obtain samples repeatedly, wide detection range, and fast detection speed make it a feasible option for non-invasive tumour detection. In clinical practice, liquid biopsy technology has gained popularity for early screening, diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and prognosis assessment. Thus, this is a highly promising examination method. However, there have been no comprehensive reviews on the four factors of liquid biopsy in the context of ESCC. This review aimed to analyse the progress of liquid biopsy research for ESCC, including its classification, components, and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Hao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Guiyang Fourth People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Lu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Singh S, Shi X, Haddox S, Elfman J, Ahmad SB, Lynch S, Manley T, Piczak C, Phung C, Sun Y, Sharma A, Li H. RTCpredictor: identification of read-through chimeric RNAs from RNA sequencing data. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae251. [PMID: 38796690 PMCID: PMC11128028 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Read-through chimeric RNAs are being recognized as a means to expand the functional transcriptome and contribute to cancer tumorigenesis when mis-regulated. However, current software tools often fail to predict them. We have developed RTCpredictor, utilizing a fast ripgrep tool to search for all possible exon-exon combinations of parental gene pairs. We also added exonic variants allowing searches containing common SNPs. To our knowledge, it is the first read-through chimeric RNA specific prediction method that also provides breakpoint coordinates. Compared with 10 other popular tools, RTCpredictor achieved high sensitivity on a simulated and three real datasets. In addition, RTCpredictor has less memory requirements and faster execution time, making it ideal for applying on large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Xinrui Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Samuel Haddox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Justin Elfman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Syed Basil Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Sarah Lynch
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Tommy Manley
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Claire Piczak
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Christopher Phung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Yunan Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Aadi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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Cui L, Zheng J, Lu Y, Lin P, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Xu R, Mai Z, Guo B, Zhao X. New frontiers in salivary extracellular vesicles: transforming diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics in oral and systemic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:171. [PMID: 38610017 PMCID: PMC11015696 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key tools for non-invasive diagnostics, playing a crucial role in the early detection and monitoring of diseases. These EVs surpass whole saliva in biomarker detection due to their enhanced stability, which minimizes contamination and enzymatic degradation. The review comprehensively discusses methods for isolating, enriching, quantifying, and characterizing salivary EVs. It highlights their importance as biomarkers in oral diseases like periodontitis and oral cancer, and underscores their potential in monitoring systemic conditions. Furthermore, the review explores the therapeutic possibilities of salivary EVs, particularly in personalized medicine through engineered EVs for targeted drug delivery. The discussion also covers the current challenges and future prospects in the field, emphasizing the potential of salivary EVs in advancing clinical practice and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Pei Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Rongwei Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
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Wu Y, Han W, Dong H, Liu X, Su X. The rising roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment reprogramming and cancer immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e541. [PMID: 38585234 PMCID: PMC10999178 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are indispensable for intercellular communications. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the living environment of tumor cells, which is composed of various components, including immune cells. Based on TME, immunotherapy has been recently developed for eradicating cancer cells by reactivating antitumor effect of immune cells. The communications between tumor cells and TME are crucial for tumor development, metastasis, and drug resistance. Exosomes play an important role in mediating these communications and regulating the reprogramming of TME, which affects the sensitivity of immunotherapy. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the role of exosomes in TME reprogramming and the impact of exosomes on immunotherapy. Here, we review the communication role of exosomes in regulating TME remodeling and the efficacy of immunotherapy, as well as summarize the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we also introduce the potential application of the artificially modified exosomes as the delivery systems of antitumor drugs. Further efforts in this field will provide new insights on the roles of exosomes in intercellular communications of TME and cancer progression, thus helping us to uncover effective strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated HospitalInner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Wenyan Han
- Clinical Laboratorythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Hairong Dong
- Clinical LaboratoryHohhot first hospitalHohhotChina
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department IKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated HospitalInner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Lin Y, Choukrani G, Dubbel L, Rockstein L, Freile JA, Qi Y, Wiersma V, Zhang H, Koch KW, Ammatuna E, Schuringa JJ, van Meerten T, Huls G, Bremer E. VISTA drives macrophages towards a pro-tumoral phenotype that promotes cancer cell phagocytosis yet down-regulates T cell responses. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:35. [PMID: 38553748 PMCID: PMC10979580 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VISTA is a well-known immune checkpoint in T cell biology, but its role in innate immunity is less established. Here, we investigated the role of VISTA on anticancer macrophage immunity, with a focus on phagocytosis, macrophage polarization and concomitant T cell activation. METHODS Macrophages, differentiated from VISTA overexpressed THP-1 cells and cord blood CD34+ cell-derived monocytes, were used in phagocytosis assay using B lymphoma target cells opsonized with Rituximab. PBMC-derived macrophages were used to assess the correlation between phagocytosis and VISTA expression. qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to analyze the impact of VISTA on other checkpoints and M1/M2-like macrophage biology. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to assess the frequency of CD14+ monocytes expressing VISTA in PBMCs from 65 lymphoma patients and 37 healthy donors. RESULTS Ectopic expression of VISTA in the monocytic model cell line THP-1 or in primary monocytes triggered differentiation towards the macrophage lineage, with a marked increase in M2-like macrophage-related gene expression and decrease in M1-like macrophage-related gene expression. VISTA expression in THP-1 and monocyte-derived macrophages strongly downregulated expression of SIRPα, a prominent 'don't eat me' signal, and augmented phagocytic activity of macrophages against cancer cells. Intriguingly, expression of VISTA's extracellular domain alone sufficed to trigger phagocytosis in ∼ 50% of cell lines, with those cell lines also directly binding to recombinant human VISTA, indicating ligand-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Endogenous VISTA expression was predominantly higher in M2-like macrophages compared to M0- or M1-like macrophages, with a positive correlation observed between VISTA expression in M2c macrophages and their phagocytic activity. VISTA-expressing macrophages demonstrated a unique cytokine profile, characterized by reduced IL-1β and elevated IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, VISTA interacted with MHC-I and downregulated its surface expression, leading to diminished T cell activation. Notably, VISTA surface expression was identified in monocytes from all lymphoma patients but was less prevalent in healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, VISTA expression associates with and drives M2-like activation of macrophages with a high phagocytic capacity yet a decrease in antigen presentation capability to T cells. Therefore, VISTA is a negative immune checkpoint regulator in macrophage-mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Lin
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ghizlane Choukrani
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Dubbel
- Faculty VI, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department for human Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, University Clinic for Gynecology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lena Rockstein
- Faculty VI, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department for human Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, University Clinic for Gynecology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jimena Alvarez Freile
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yuzhu Qi
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Karl-Wilhelm Koch
- Faculty VI, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dept. of Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 EZ, The Netherlands.
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Mou X, Peng Z, Yin T, Sun X. Non-endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Recent Advances. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:118-128. [PMID: 37924487 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, and China has a high incidence area with a high burden on the disease. As early symptoms of ESCC are not obvious, the mortality rate is high, and it is often diagnosed in the intermediate and advanced stages. However, early screening and treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality. METHODS Screening methods are divided into endoscopic and non-endoscopic screening. RESULTS Endoscopic screening cannot be widely used because of its invasive nature and high cost. Currently, non-endoscopic screening consists primarily of tumor biomarkers and cytology, and tumor biomarkers including autoantibodies, circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes and serum metabolomics are more likely to be effective. But the efficiency of early diagnosis of esophageal cancer is low and the accuracy of screening needs to be improved. The aim of this study is to summarize advances in non-endoscopic esophageal cancer screening and strategies to provide a scientific basis and research idea for esophageal cancer prevention and control. CONCLUSIONS Non-endoscopic screening is better than endoscopic screening. And the application of tumor biomarkers is much better than other non-endoscopic screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Mou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenglin Peng
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingwang Sun
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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9
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Zhou X, Jia Y, Mao C, Liu S. Small extracellular vesicles: Non-negligible vesicles in tumor progression, diagnosis, and therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216481. [PMID: 37972701 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) such as exosomes are nanoscale membranous particles (<200 nm) that have emerged as crucial targets for liquid biopsy and as promising drug delivery vehicles. They play a significant role in tumor progression as intercellular messengers. They can serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and as drug carriers for cancer treatment. This article reviews recent studies on sEVs in oncology and explores their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles. Following tumorigenesis, sEVs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and circulatory system undergo modifications to regulate various events in the TME, including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor immunity, with either pro- or anti-tumor effects. sEVs have been investigated for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for a variety of tumors, including lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. sEVs can be used for cancer therapy by packaging drugs or proteins into them through pre- and post-isolation modification techniques. The clinical trials of sEVs as biomarkers and drug carriers are also summarized. Finally, the challenges in the use of sEVs are described and the possible approaches to tackling them are suggested. Overall, sEVs will advance the precision cancer medicine and has shown great potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Jia
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shanrong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Wu J, Liu G, Jia R, Guo J. Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers and Beyond in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17328. [PMID: 38139157 PMCID: PMC10743646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, as bioactive molecules, have been extensively studied. There are abundant studies in the literature on their biogenesis, secretion, structure, and content, and their roles in pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles have been reviewed as biomarkers for use in diagnostic tools. Saliva contains many extracellular vesicles, and compared with other body fluids, it is easier to obtain in a non-invasive way, making its acquisition more easily accepted by patients. In recent years, there have been numerous new studies investigating the role of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers. These studies have significant implications for future clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize and review the potential applications of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers, and we also describe their other functions (e.g., hemostasis, innate immune defense) in both oral and non-oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Gege Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Wang Y, Jin Q, Zhang S, Wang Y. Overexpression of TMEM79 combined with SMG5 is related to prognosis, tumor immune infiltration and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:490. [PMID: 37936239 PMCID: PMC10631028 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy that is now relatively common worldwide. TMEM79 has been reported to play diagnostic and prognostic markers in a variety of cancers and was found to be closely associated with immune infiltration. SMG5 is associated with immune cell infiltration in HCC. Multiple nonsense-mediated mRNA processes require the involvement of SMG5. TMEM79 and SMG5 complexes may be prognostic markers for prostate cancer. However, the relationship between TMEM79 expression in HCC and prognosis, its role and mechanism of action, and its relationship with SMG5 have not been studied. This article focuses on not only the prognostic role of TMEM79 and its biological significance, including immuno-infiltration, tumor mutations and drug sensitivity, but also the interaction with SMG5 in HCC. METHODS Differential expression analysis and the multiCox proportional hazards regression analyses of TMEM79 and SMG5 were performed by multiple databases. Then, use IHC to verify our results. Subsequently, we used R software to analyze the clinical phenotype of both: analysis of clinicopathological features, enrichment analysis, analysis of immune infiltration, analysis of immune checkpoints, analysis of drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy. RESULTS Both the database studies and the results of our research group showed that TMEM79 and SMG5 were differentially expressed in HCC and normal tissues. Validation of immunohistochemistry showed that differential expression of TMEM79 and SMG5, which influenced the prognosis of patients with HCC, could be an independent prognostic factor. Results of the TCGA database study showed that TMEM79 and SMG5 were correlated with immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy. We typed TMEM79-related molecules in HCC according to R software. Two types of TMEM79 correlated with clinical features, survival of patients with HCC, and immune infiltration. CONCLUSION TMEM79 are highly expressed in HCC and play an important role in the prognosis of patients with HCC. TMEM79 and SMG5 are positively correlated and may both associated with immune infiltration, and closely linked to immune checkpoints, drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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12
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Xi Y, Shen Y, Chen L, Tan L, Shen W, Niu X. Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: Implications in esophageal carcinoma progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:78-92. [PMID: 37696716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is among the most fatal malignancies with increasing incidence globally. Tumor onset and progression can be driven by metabolic reprogramming, especially during esophageal carcinoma development. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, display an average size of ∼100 nanometers, containing multifarious components (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, etc.). An increasing number of studies have shown that exosomes are capable of transferring molecules with biological functions into recipient cells, which play crucial roles in esophageal carcinoma progression and tumor microenvironment that is a highly heterogeneous ecosystem through rewriting the metabolic processes in tumor cells and environmental stromal cells. The review introduces the reprogramming of glucose, lipid, amino acid, mitochondrial metabolism in esophageal carcinoma, and summarize current pharmaceutical agents targeting such aberrant metabolism rewiring. We also comprehensively overview the biogenesis and release of exosomes, and recent advances of exosomal cargoes and functions in esophageal carcinoma and their promising clinical application. Moreover, we discuss how exosomes trigger tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression as well as tumor microenvironment remodeling through focusing on their capacity to transfer materials between cells or between cells and tissues and modulate metabolic reprogramming, thus providing a theoretical reference for the design potential pharmaceutical agents targeting these mechanisms. Altogether, our review attempts to fully understand the significance of exosome-based metabolic rewriting in esophageal carcinoma progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, bringing novel insights into the prevention and treatment of esophageal carcinoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaxing Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiyu Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xing Niu
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Li K, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Xiong X, Wang L, Li J, Zhou F, Guo Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Tang H, Qiu X, Cai S, Zhang D, Bremer E, Jim Yeung SC, Zhang H. Salivary Extracellular MicroRNAs for Early Detection and Prognostication of Esophageal Cancer: A Clinical Study. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:932-945.e9. [PMID: 37399999 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) will facilitate curative treatment. We aimed to establish a microRNA (miRNA) signature derived from salivary extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) for early ESCC detection and prognostication. METHODS Salivary EVP miRNA expression was profiled in a pilot cohort (n = 54) using microarray. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and least absolute shrinkage and selector operation regression analyses were used to prioritize miRNAs that discriminated patients with ESCC from controls. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the candidates were measured in a discovery cohort (n = 72) and cell lines. The prediction models for the biomarkers were derived from a training cohort (n = 342) and validated in an internal cohort (n = 207) and an external cohort (n = 226). RESULTS The microarray analysis identified 7 miRNAs for distinguishing patients with ESCC from control subjects. Because 1 was not always detectable in the discovery cohort and cell lines, the other 6 miRNAs formed a panel. A signature of this panel accurately identified patients with all-stage ESCC in the training cohort (AUROC = 0.968) and was successfully validated in 2 independent cohorts. Importantly, this signature could distinguish patients with early-stage (stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ) ESCC from control subjects in the training cohort (AUROC = 0.969, sensitivity = 92.00%, specificity = 89.17%) and internal (sensitivity = 90.32%, specificity = 91.04%) and external (sensitivity = 91.07%, specificity = 88.06%) validation cohorts. Moreover, a prognostic signature based on the panel was established and efficiently predicted the high-risk cases with poor progression-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The salivary EVP-based 6-miRNA signature can serve as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification of ESCC. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031507.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junkuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Heyuan, China
| | - Xiaofu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songwang Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Bruno R, Chanu P, Kågedal M, Mercier F, Yoshida K, Guedj J, Li C, Beyer U, Jin JY. Support to early clinical decisions in drug development and personalised medicine with checkpoint inhibitors using dynamic biomarker-overall survival models. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1383-1388. [PMID: 36765177 PMCID: PMC10628227 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal models of biomarkers such as tumour size dynamics capture treatment efficacy and predict treatment outcome (overall survival) of a variety of anticancer therapies, including chemotherapies, targeted therapies, immunotherapies and their combinations. These pharmacological endpoints like tumour dynamic (tumour growth inhibition) metrics have been proposed as alternative endpoints to complement the classical RECIST endpoints (objective response rate, progression-free survival) to support early decisions both at the study level in drug development as well as at the patients level in personalised therapy with checkpoint inhibitors. This perspective paper presents recent developments and future directions to enable wider and robust use of model-based decision frameworks based on pharmacological endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bruno
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech-Roche, Marseille, France.
| | - Pascal Chanu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech-Roche, Lyon, France
| | - Matts Kågedal
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech-Roche, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Kenta Yoshida
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Chunze Li
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jin Y Jin
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Yang Y, Gu H, Zhang K, Guo Z, Wang X, Wei Q, Weng L, Han X, Lv Y, Cao M, Cao P, Huang C, Qiu Z. Exosomal ACADM sensitizes gemcitabine-resistance through modulating fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:789. [PMID: 37612627 PMCID: PMC10463774 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of exosomes from cancer cells to predict chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer (PC) and explore the molecular mechanisms through RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry. We sought to understand the connection between the exosomal Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) level and the reaction to gemcitabine in vivo and in patients with PC. We employed loss-of-function, gain-of-function, metabolome mass spectrometry, and xenograft models to investigate the effect of exosomal ACADM in chemoresistance in PC. Our results showed that the molecules involved in lipid metabolism in exosomes vary between PC cells with different gemcitabine sensitivity. Exosomal ACADM (Exo-ACADM) was strongly correlated with gemcitabine sensitivity in vivo, which can be used as a predictor for postoperative gemcitabine chemosensitivity in pancreatic patients. Moreover, ACADM was found to regulate the gemcitabine response by affecting ferroptosis through Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and mevalonate pathways. It was also observed that ACADM increased the consumption of unsaturated fatty acids and decreased intracellular lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In conclusion, this research suggests that Exo-ACADM may be a viable biomarker for predicting the responsiveness of patients to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Kundong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zengya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qingyun Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Weng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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16
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Si MY, Rao DY, Xia Y, Sang CP, Mao KY, Liu XJ, Zhang ZX, Tang ZX. Role of exosomal noncoding RNA in esophageal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126890. [PMID: 37234976 PMCID: PMC10206631 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy. Understanding its pathogenesis and identifying early diagnostic biomarkers can significantly improve the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Exosomes are small double-membrane vesicles found in various body fluids containing various components (DNA, RNA, and proteins) that mediate intercellular signal communication. Non-coding RNAs are a class of gene transcription products that encode polypeptide functions and are widely detected in exosomes. There is growing evidence that exosomal non-coding RNAs are involved in cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and can also be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers. This article reviews the recent progress in exosomal non-coding RNAs in esophageal cancer, including research progress, diagnostic value, proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance, provide new ideas for the precise treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yan Si
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ding-Yu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yao Xia
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Yun Mao
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Jin Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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17
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Liu W, Wang J, Shen X, Shi H. The implications of salivary exosomes as a theranostic secret of human cancers with a focus on oral cancer. Int J Surg 2023; 109:1072-1075. [PMID: 36999809 PMCID: PMC10389483 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbing Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Liu A, Hefley B, Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D. Salivary Exosomes in Health and Disease: Future Prospects in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076363. [PMID: 37047335 PMCID: PMC10094317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of vesicles that package and transport DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. They can be derived from blood, saliva, urine, and/or other biological tissues. Their impact on several diseases, such as neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and ocular diseases, have been reported, but not fully unraveled. The exosomes that are derived from saliva are less studied, but offer significant advantages over exosomes from other sources, due to their accessibility and ease of collection. Thus, their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is largely unknown. In the context of ocular diseases, salivary exosomes have been under-utilized, thus creating an enormous gap in the literature. The current review discusses the state of exosomes research on systemic and ocular diseases and highlights the role and potential of salivary exosomes as future ocular therapeutic vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brenna Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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Zhang C, Yang X, Jiang T, Yan C, Xu X, Chen Z. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Isolation, purification, and multiple roles in normal and tumor tissues. Life Sci 2023; 321:121624. [PMID: 37001806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released from cells, and their lipid bilayer membrane encloses large amounts of bioactive molecules that endow EVs with intercellular or inter-tissue communicational abilities. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) are EVs directly separated from the interstitial space of tissue. They could better reflect the actual physiological or pathological state of the tissue microenvironment compared with cell line-derived EVs and biofluid EVs, indicating their potential roles in elucidating the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis and guiding the diagnosis, therapeutic targeting, and cell-free treatment of diseases. However, there have been a relatively limited number of investigations of Ti-EVs. In this review, we have summarized general procedures for Ti-EVs isolation, as well as some caveats with respect to operations after the isolation step, such as purification and storage. In addition, we have also briefly concluded the current research trends on EVs from various normal and tumor tissues, aiming to cast new light on the future research direction of Ti-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Singh S, Shi X, Ahmad SB, Manley T, Piczak C, Phung C, Sun Y, Lynch S, Sharma A, Li H. RTCpredictor: Identification of Read-Through Chimeric RNAs from RNA Sequencing Data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526869. [PMID: 36778443 PMCID: PMC9915620 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Read-through chimeric RNAs are gaining attention in cancer and other research fields, yet current tools often fail in predicting them. We have thus developed the first read-through chimeric RNA specific prediction method, RTCpredictor, utilizing a fast ripgrep algorithm to search for all possible exon-exon combinations of parental gene pairs. Compared with other ten popular tools, RTCpredictor achieved top performance on both simulated and real datasets. We randomly selected up to 30 candidate read-through chimeras predicted from each software method and experimentally validated a total of 109 read-throughs and on this set, RTCpredictor outperformed all the other methods. In addition, RTCpredictor ( https://github.com/sandybioteck/RTCpredictor ) has less memory requirements and faster execution time.
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21
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Li L, Zhang L, Montgomery KC, Jiang L, Lyon CJ, Hu TY. Advanced technologies for molecular diagnosis of cancer: State of pre-clinical tumor-derived exosome liquid biopsies. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100538. [PMID: 36619206 PMCID: PMC9812720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-defined extracellular vesicles (EVs) approximately 40-160 nm in diameter that are found in all body fluids including blood, urine, and saliva. They act as important vehicles for intercellular communication between both local and distant cells and can serve as circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Exosomes play a key role in tumor metastasis, are abundant in biofluids, and stabilize biomarkers they carry, and thus can improve cancer detection, treatment monitoring, and cancer staging/prognosis. Despite their clinical potential, lack of sensitive/specific biomarkers and sensitive isolation/enrichment and analytical technologies has posed a barrier to clinical translation of exosomes. This review presents a critical overview of technologies now being used to detect tumor-derived exosome (TDE) biomarkers in clinical specimens that have potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- HCA Florida Healthcare Westside/Northwest Hospital Internal Medicine, Plantation, Florida, USA
| | - Katelynn C. Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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22
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Zhao L, Yu L, Wang X, He J, Zhu X, Zhang R, Yang A. Mechanisms of function and clinical potential of exosomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 553:215993. [PMID: 36328162 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains one of the most lethal and widespread malignancies in China. Exosomes, a subset of tiny extracellular vesicles manufactured by all cells and present in all body fluids, contribute to intercellular communication and have become a focus of the search for new therapeutic strategies for cancer. A number of global analyses of exosome-mediated functions and regulatory mechanism in malignant diseases have recently been reported. There is extensive evidence that exosomes can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer. However, our understanding of their clinical value and mechanisms of action in ESCC is still limited and has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we review current research specifically focused on the functions and mechanisms of action of ESCC tumor-derived exosomes and non-ESCC-derived exosomes in ESCC progression and describe opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jangtao He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Angang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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23
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Song M, Bai H, Zhang P, Zhou X, Ying B. Promising applications of human-derived saliva biomarker testing in clinical diagnostics. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 36596771 PMCID: PMC9810734 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva testing is a vital method for clinical applications, for its noninvasive features, richness in substances, and the huge amount. Due to its direct anatomical connection with oral, digestive, and endocrine systems, clinical usage of saliva testing for these diseases is promising. Furthermore, for other diseases that seeming to have no correlations with saliva, such as neurodegenerative diseases and psychological diseases, researchers also reckon saliva informative. Tremendous papers are being produced in this field. Updated summaries of recent literature give newcomers a shortcut to have a grasp of this topic. Here, we focused on recent research about saliva biomarkers that are derived from humans, not from other organisms. The review mostly addresses the proceedings from 2016 to 2022, to shed light on the promising usage of saliva testing in clinical diagnostics. We recap the recent advances following the category of different types of biomarkers, such as intracellular DNA, RNA, proteins and intercellular exosomes, cell-free DNA, to give a comprehensive impression of saliva biomarker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Song
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Bai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Hosseinikhah SM, Gheybi F, Moosavian SA, Shahbazi MA, Jaafari MR, Sillanpää M, Kesharwani P, Alavizadeh SH, Sahebkar A. Role of exosomes in tumour growth, chemoresistance and immunity: state-of-the-art. J Drug Target 2023; 31:32-50. [PMID: 35971773 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases, and limited available treatment options contribute to its high mortality rate. Exosomes are considered membrane-bound nanovesicles that include different molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Virtually most cells could release exosomes via exocytosis in physiological and pathological conditions. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) play essential roles in tumorigenesis, proliferation, progression, metastasis, immune escape, and chemoresistance by transferring functional biological cargos, triggering different autocrine, and paracrine signalling cascades. Due to their antigen-presenting properties, exosomes are widely used as biomarkers and drug carriers and have a prominent role in cancer immunotherapy. They offer various advantages in carrier systems (e.g. in chemotherapy, siRNA, and miRNA), delivery of diagnostic agents owing to their stability, loading of hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents, and drug targeting. Novel exosomes-based carriers can be generated as intelligent systems using various sources and crosslinking chemistry extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes studded with targeting ligands, including peptides, can impart in targeted delivery of cargos to tumour cells. In this review, we comprehensively summarised the important role of tumour-derived exosomes in dictating cancer pathogenesis and resistance to therapy. We have therefore, investigated in further detail the pivotal role of tumour-derived exosomes in targeting various cancer cells and their applications, and prospects in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Additionally, we have implicated the potential utility and significance of tumour exosomes-based nanoparticles as an efficient and novel therapeutic carrier and their applications in treating advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gheybi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Wu D, Tao T, Eshraghian EA, Lin P, Li Z, Zhu X. Extracellular RNA as a kind of communication molecule and emerging cancer biomarker. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960072. [PMID: 36465402 PMCID: PMC9714358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular RNA (exRNA) is a special form of RNA in the body. RNA carries information about genes and metabolic regulation in the body, which can reflect the real-time status of cells. This characteristic renders it a biomarker for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. ExRNA is transported through extracellular vesicles as a signal medium to mediate communication between cells. Tumor cells can release more vesicles than normal cells, thereby promoting tumor development. Depending on its easy detection, the advantages of non-invasive molecular diagnostic technology can be realized. In this systematic review, we present the types, vectors, and biological value of exRNA. We briefly describe new methods of tumor diagnosis and treatment, as well as the difficulties faced in the progress of such research. This review highlights the groundbreaking potential of exRNA as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Wu
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Emily A. Eshraghian
- Department of Medicine, University of California (UC) San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Peixu Lin
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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26
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Xiong X, Ke X, Wang L, Lin Y, Wang S, Yao Z, Li K, Luo Y, Liu F, Pan Y, Yeung SJ, Helfrich W, Zhang H. Neoantigen-based cancer vaccination using chimeric RNA-loaded dendritic cell-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12243. [PMID: 35927827 PMCID: PMC9451527 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines critically rely on the availability of targetable immunogenic cancer-specific neoepitopes. However, mutation-based immunogenic neoantigens are rare or even non-existent in subgroups of cancer types. To address this issue, we exploited a cancer-specific aberrant transcription-induced chimeric RNA, designated A-Pas chiRNA, as a possible source of clinically relevant and targetable neoantigens. A-Pas chiRNA encodes a recently discovered cancer-specific chimeric protein that comprises full-length astrotactin-2 (ASTN2) C-terminally fused in-frame to the antisense sequence of the 18th intron of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA). We used extracellular vesicles (EVs) from A-Pas chiRNA-transfected dendritic cells (DCs) to produce the cell-free anticancer vaccine DEXA-P . Treatment of immunocompetent cancer-bearing mice with DEXA-P inhibited tumour growth and prolonged animal survival. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that cancer-specific transcription-induced chimeric RNAs can be exploited to produce a cell-free cancer vaccine that induces potent CD8+ T cell-mediated anticancer immunity. Our novel approach may be particularly useful for developing cancer vaccines to treat malignancies with low mutational burden or without mutation-based antigens. Moreover, this cell-free anticancer vaccine approach may offer several practical advantages over cell-based vaccines, such as ease of scalability and genetic modifiability as well as enhanced shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Department of SurgeryLaboratory for Translational Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Department of HematologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yichen Luo
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and PathologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Sai‐Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal DisordersUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of SurgeryLaboratory for Translational Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and PathologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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27
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Console L, Scalise M. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell Pathways Involved in Cancer Chemoresistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050618. [PMID: 35629286 PMCID: PMC9143651 DOI: 10.3390/life12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a pharmacological condition that allows transformed cells to maintain their proliferative phenotype in the presence of administered anticancer drugs. Recently, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have been identified as additional players responsible for the chemoresistance of cancer cells. These are nanovesicles that are released by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions and contain proteins and nucleic acids as molecular cargo. Extracellular vesicles released in the bloodstream reach recipient cells and confer them novel metabolic properties. Exosomes can foster chemoresistance by promoting prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways, affecting cancer stem cells and immunotherapies, and stimulating drug efflux. In this context, a crucial role is played by membrane transporters belonging to ABC, SLC, and P-type pump families. These proteins are fundamental in cell metabolism and drug transport in either physiological or pathological conditions. In this review, different roles of extracellular vesicles in drug resistance of cancer cells will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-0984-492919 (L.C.); +39-0984-492938 (M.S.)
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28
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Unravelling Novel Roles of Salivary Exosomes in the Regulation of Human Corneal Stromal Cell Migration and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084330. [PMID: 35457149 PMCID: PMC9024472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary exosomes have demonstrated vast therapeutic and diagnostic potential in numerous diseases. This study pioneers previously unexplored roles of SE in the context of corneal wound healing by utilizing primary corneal stromal cells from healthy (HCFs), type I diabetes mellitus (T1DMs), type II DM (T2DMs), and keratoconus (HKCs) subjects. Purified, healthy human SEs carrying tetraspanins CD9+, CD63+, and CD81+ were utilized. Scratch and cell migration assays were performed after 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h following SE stimulation (5 and 25 µg/mL). Significantly slower wound closure was observed at 6 and 12 h in HCFs with 5 μg/mL SE and T1DMs with 5 and 25 μg/mL SE. All wounds were closed by 24-hour, post-wounding. HKCs, T1DMs, and T2DMs with 25µg/mL SE exhibited a significant upregulation of cleaved vimentin compared to controls. Thrombospondin 1 was significantly upregulated in HCFs, HKCs, and T2DMs with 25 µg/mL SE. Lastly, HKCs, T1DMs, and T2DMs exhibited a significant downregulation of fibronectin with 25 μg/mL SE. Whether SEs can be utilized to clinical settings in restoring corneal defects is unknown. This is the first-ever study exploring the role of SEs in corneal wound healing. While the sample size was small, results are highly novel and provide a strong foundation for future studies.
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29
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Thomas SC, Kim JW, Pauletti GM, Hassett DJ, Kotagiri N. Exosomes: Biological Pharmaceutical Nanovectors for Theranostics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:808614. [PMID: 35096795 PMCID: PMC8790084 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.808614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are natural cell-derived nanovesicles of endocytic origin that enable cellular crosstalk by transferring encapsulated molecular cargos across biological barriers, thereby holding significantly complex implications in the etiology and progression of diverse disease states. Consequently, the development of exosomes-based nano-theranostic strategies has received immense consideration for advancing therapeutic interventions and disease prognosis. Their favorable biopharmaceutical properties make exosomes a unique nanoparticulate carrier for pharmaceutical drug delivery. This review provides an update on the contemporary strategies utilizing exosomes for theranostic applications in nanomedicine. In addition, we provide a synopsis of exosomal features and insights into strategic modifications that control in vivo biodistribution. We further discuss their opportunities, merits and pitfalls for cell/tissue targeted drug delivery in personalized nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindu C Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Giovanni M Pauletti
- St. Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel J Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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30
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Li K, Lin Y, Luo Y, Xiong X, Wang L, Durante K, Li J, Zhou F, Guo Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Zhang D, Yeung SCJ, Zhang H. A signature of saliva-derived exosomal small RNAs as predicting biomarker for esophageal carcinoma: a multicenter prospective study. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:21. [PMID: 35042519 PMCID: PMC8764835 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are produced in a nuclease-dependent manner in responses to variety of stresses that are common in cancers. We focus on a cancer-enriched tsRNA signature to develop a salivary exosome-based non-invasive biomarker for human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Cancer-enriched small RNAs were identified by RNA sequencing of salivary exosomes obtained from ESCC patients (n = 3) and healthy controls (n = 3) in a pilot study and further validated in discovery cohort (n = 66). A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in two ESCC high-incidence regions (n = 320 and 200, respectively) using the newly developed biomarker signature. RESULTS The tsRNA (tRNA-GlyGCC-5) and a previously undocumented small RNA were specifically enriched in salivary exosomes of ESCC patients, ESCC tissues and ESCC cells. The bi-signature composed of these small RNAs was able to discriminate ESCC patients from the controls with high sensitivity (90.50%) and specificity (94.20%). Based on the bi-signature Risk Score for Prognosis (RSP), patients with high-RSP have both shorter overall survival (OS) (HR 4.95, 95%CI 2.90-8.46) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 3.69, 95%CI 2.24-6.10) than those with low-RSP. In addition, adjuvant therapy improved OS (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.29-0.77) and PFS (HR 0.36, 95%CI 0.21-0.62) only for patients with high but not low RSP. These findings are consistent in both training and validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS The tsRNA-based signature not only has the potential for diagnosis and prognosis but also may serve as a pre-operative biomarker to select patients who would benefit from adjuvant therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION A prospective study of diagnosis biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ChiCTR2000031507 . Registered 3 April 2016 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichen Luo
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kameron Durante
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Junkuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University Medical College, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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31
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Luo Y, Du L, Yao Z, Liu F, Li K, Li F, Zhu J, Coppes RP, Zhang D, Pan Y, Gao S, Zhang H. Generation and Application of Inducible Chimeric RNA ASTN2-PAPPAas Knockin Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:277. [PMID: 35053393 PMCID: PMC8773765 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric RNAs (chiRNAs) play many previously unrecognized roles in different diseases including cancer. They can not only be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases but also serve as potential therapeutic targets. In order to better understand the roles of chiRNAs in pathogenesis, we inserted human sequences into mouse genome and established a knockin mouse model of the tamoxifen-inducible expression of ASTN2-PAPPA antisense chimeric RNA (A-PaschiRNA). Mice carrying the A-PaschiRNA knockin gene do not display any apparent abnormalities in growth, fertility, histological, hematopoietic, and biochemical indices. Using this model, we dissected the role of A-PaschiRNA in chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To our knowledge, we are the first to generate a chiRNA knockin mouse model using the Cre-loxP system. The model could be used to explore the roles of chiRNA in pathogenesis and potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Luo
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Du
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells &
- Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan 614099, China;
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells &
- Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Dong H, Du L, Cai S, Lin W, Chen C, Still M, Yao Z, Coppes RP, Pan Y, Zhang D, Gao S, Zhang H. Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPRO Deficiency in ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer Contributes to Poor Prognosis and Lapatinib Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838171. [PMID: 35431974 PMCID: PMC9010868 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the initial benefit from treating ERBB2-positive breast cancer with tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, resistance develops inevitably. Since the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type O (PTPRO), a member of the R3 subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is inversely correlated with the aggressiveness of multiple malignancies, we decided to explore the correlation between PTPRO and lapatinib resistance in ERBB2-positive breast cancer. Results of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and the correlation analysis between the expression levels of PTPRO and the clinicopathological parameters indicate that PTPRO is downregulated in cancer tissues as compared with normal tissues and negatively associated with differentiation, tumor size, tumor depth, as well as the expression of ERBB2 and Ki67. Results from Kaplan-Meier analyses indicate that lower expression of PTPRO is correlated with shorter relapse-free survival for patients with ERBB2-positive breast cancer, and multivariable Cox regression analysis found that PTPRO can potentially serve as an independent prognostic indicator for ERBB2-positive breast cancer. Results from both human breast cancer cells with PTPRO knockdown or overexpression and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) which derived from Ptpro +/+ and Ptpro -/- mice with then stably transfected plasmid FUGW-Erbb2 consistently demonstrated the essentiality of PTPRO in the lapatinib-mediated anticancer process. Our findings suggest that PTPRO is not only able to serve as an independent prognostic indicator, but upregulating PTPRO can also reverse the lapatinib resistance of ERBB2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Du
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Songwang Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chaoying Chen
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College (Hunan Province Directly Affiliated TCM Hospital), Zhuzhou, China
| | - Matthew Still
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhang, ; Shegan Gao,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhang, ; Shegan Gao,
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Li J, Gao N, Gao Z, Liu W, Pang B, Dong X, Li Y, Fan T. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Cancer Chemoresistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737962. [PMID: 34778252 PMCID: PMC8581179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is an impending challenge in cancer treatment. In recent years, exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-150 nm in bloodstream and other bio-fluids, have attracted increasing interest. Exosomes contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which act as important signaling molecules. Many reports indicate that exosomes play critical roles in chemoresistance through intercellular interactions, including drug removal from cells, transfer of drug resistance phenotypes to other cancer cells, and the increase in plastic stem cell subsets. Exosomes can reflect the physiological and pathological state of parent cells. Owing to their elevated stability, specificity, and sensitivity, exosomes are served as biomarkers in liquid biopsies to monitor cancer chemoresistance, progression, and recurrence. This review summarizes the exosome-mediated mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance, as well as its role in reversing and monitoring chemoresistance. The scientific and technological challenges and future applications of exosomes are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengfan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bairen Pang
- St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Xingli Dong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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34
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Tan J, Wen Y, Li M. Emerging biosensing platforms for quantitative detection of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Zhu Q, Huang L, Yang Q, Ao Z, Yang R, Krzesniak J, Lou D, Hu L, Dai X, Guo F, Liu F. Metabolomic analysis of exosomal-markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16457-16464. [PMID: 34648610 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a worldwide malignancy with high mortality rates and poor prognosis due to the lack of effective biomarkers for early detection. Exosomes have been extensively explored as attractive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, little is known about exosome metabolomics and their roles in ESCC. Here, we performed a targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma exosomes and identified 196 metabolites, mainly including lipid fatty acids, benzene, amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates and fatty acyls. We systematically compared metabolome patterns of exosomes via machine learning from patients with recrudescence and patients without recrudescence and demonstrated a marker set consisting of 3'-UMP, palmitoleic acid, palmitaldehyde, and isobutyl decanoate for predicting ESCC recurrence with an AUC of 98%. These metabolome signatures of exosomes retained a high absolute fold change value at all ESCC stages and were very likely associated with cancer metabolism, which could be potentially applied as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Zhu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Rui Yang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jonathan Krzesniak
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Doudou Lou
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaodan Dai
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Fei Liu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Min L, Wang B, Bao H, Li X, Zhao L, Meng J, Wang S. Advanced Nanotechnologies for Extracellular Vesicle-Based Liquid Biopsy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102789. [PMID: 34463056 PMCID: PMC8529441 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a new source of biomarkers in liquid biopsy because of their wide presence in most body fluids and their ability to load cargoes from disease-related cells. Owing to the crucial role of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment, significant efforts have been made to isolate, detect, and analyze EVs with high efficiency. A recent overview of advanced EV detection nanotechnologies is discussed here. First, several key challenges in EV-based liquid biopsies are introduced. Then, the related pivotal advances in nanotechnologies for EV isolation based on physical features, chemical affinity, and the combination of nanostructures and chemical affinity are summarized. Next, a summary of high-sensitivity sensors for EV detection and advanced approaches for single EV detection are provided. Later, EV analysis is introduced in practical clinical scenarios, and the application of machine learning in this field is highlighted. Finally, future opportunities for the development of next-generation nanotechnologies for EV detection are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseasesBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Binshuai Wang
- Department of UrologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Han Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of UrologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Echo Biotech Co., Ltd.Beijing102206P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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37
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Dong H, Xie C, Jiang Y, Li K, Lin Y, Pang X, Xiong X, Zheng J, Ke X, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang H. Tumor-Derived Exosomal Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type O Polarizes Macrophage to Suppress Breast Tumor Cell Invasion and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703537. [PMID: 34650968 PMCID: PMC8505750 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes, containing multiple nucleic acids and proteins, have been implicated to participate in the interaction between tumor cells and microenvironment. However, the functional involvement of phosphatases in tumor-derived exosomes is not fully understood. We and others previously demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types. In addition, its role in tumor immune microenvironment remains elusive. Bioinformatical analyses revealed that PTPRO was closely associated with immune infiltration, and positively correlated to M1-like macrophages, but negatively correlated to M2-like macrophages in breast cancer tissues. Co-cultured with PTPRO-overexpressing breast cancer cells increased the proportion of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) while decreased that of M2-like TAMs. Further, we observed that tumor-derived exosomal PTPRO induced M1-like macrophage polarization, and regulated the corresponding functional phenotypes. Moreover, tumor cell-derived exosomal PTPRO inhibited breast cancer cell invasion and migration, and inactivated STAT signaling in macrophages. Our data suggested that exosomal PTPRO inhibited breast cancer invasion and migration by modulating macrophage polarization. Anti-tumoral effect of exosomal PTPRO was mediated by inactivating STAT family in macrophages. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of tumor invasion regulated by tumor-derived exosomal tyrosine phosphatase, which is of translational potential for the therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyu Xie
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xijiao Pang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Zheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yexi Chen
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yong Li
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Zhao Z, Yang S, Zhou A, Li X, Fang R, Zhang S, Zhao G, Li P. Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Development, Diagnosis, and Possible Therapeutic Application of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732702. [PMID: 34527593 PMCID: PMC8435888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) persists among the most lethal and broad-spreading malignancies in China. The exosome is a kind of extracellular vesicle (EV) from about 30 to 200 nm in diameter, contributing to the transfer of specific functional molecules, such as metabolites, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The paramount role of exosomes in the formation and development of ESCC, which relies on promoting intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), is manifested with immense amounts. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in most hallmarks of ESCC, including tumorigenesis, invasion, angiogenesis, immunologic escape, metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Published reports have delineated that exosome-encapsulated cargos like miRNAs may have utility in the diagnosis, as prognostic biomarkers, and in the treatment of ESCC. This review summarizes the function of exosomes in the neoplasia, progression, and metastasis of ESCC, which improves our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of ESCC, and presents a promising target for early diagnostics in ESCC. However, recent studies of exosomes in the treatment of ESCC are sparse. Thus, we introduce the advances in exosome-based methods and indicate the possible applications for ESCC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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39
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Jing Z, Chen K, Gong L. The Significance of Exosomes in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6115-6127. [PMID: 34511909 PMCID: PMC8423492 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancy in China with high mortality. Understanding pathogenesis and identifying early diagnosis biomarkers can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Exosomes are small vesicular structures containing a variety of components (including DNA, RNA, and proteins) mediating cell-to-cell material exchange and signal communication. Growing evidences have shown that exosomes and its components are involved in growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer, and could also be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this review, we summarized recent progress to elucidate the significance of exosomes in the esophageal cancer progression, microenvironment remodeling, therapeutic resistance, and immunosuppression. We also discuss the utility of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tool in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jing
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Infectious Disease (Liver Diseases), The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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40
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The Role of Exosome and the ESCRT Pathway on Enveloped Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169060. [PMID: 34445766 PMCID: PMC8396519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system consists of peripheral membrane protein complexes ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III VPS4-VTA1, and ALIX homodimer. This system plays an important role in the degradation of non-essential or dangerous plasma membrane proteins, the biogenesis of lysosomes and yeast vacuoles, the budding of most enveloped viruses, and promoting membrane shedding of cytokinesis. Recent results show that exosomes and the ESCRT pathway play important roles in virus infection. This review mainly focuses on the roles of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in virus assembly, budding, and infection of enveloped viruses. The elaboration of the mechanism of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in some enveloped viruses provides important implications for the further study of the infection mechanism of other enveloped viruses.
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41
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Lin Y, Wang S, Bremer E, Zhang H. Harnessing the soil: reshaping the tumor microenvironment towards an antitumor immune state by low-dose metformin. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:637-641. [PMID: 34288597 PMCID: PMC8360638 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical CollegeGuangzhouGuangdong510632P. R. China
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen 9700 RBThe Netherlands
- Graduate SchoolShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical CollegeGuangzhouGuangdong510632P. R. China
- Graduate SchoolShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen 9700 RBThe Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical CollegeGuangzhouGuangdong510632P. R. China
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Heydari R, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Shekari F, Meyfour A. Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Biomarking the Gastrointestinal Diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:939-962. [PMID: 34308738 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1954909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-cell communication and regulation of various cellular functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions through transferring their cargo to recipient cells. Molecular constituents of EVs are a fingerprinting profile of secreting cells which can be used as promising prognostic, diagnostic, and drug-response biomarkers in clinical settings. AREAS COVERED The present study provides a brief introduction about the biology of EVs and reviews methodologies used for EV isolation and characterization as well as high-throughput strategies to analyze EV contents. Furthermore, this review highlights the importance and unique role of EVs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, especially GI cancers, and then discusses their potential use, particularly those isolated from body fluids, in diagnosis and prognosis of GI diseases. EXPERT OPINION In-depth analysis of EV content can lead to the identification of new potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of GI diseases. The use of a more targeted approach by establishing more reproducible and standardized methods to decrease variations and obtain desired EV population as well as revisiting large pools of identified biomarkers and their evaluation in larger patient cohorts can result in the introduction of more reliable biomarkers in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Deng Y, Cao Y, Wang L, Ye D. The Role and Application of Salivary Exosomes in Malignant Neoplasms. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5813-5820. [PMID: 34326665 PMCID: PMC8314680 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s321225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of salivary exosomes in malignant neoplasms has attracted widespread attention in the clinical setting. Although a variety of diagnostic and treatment approaches have been proposed, there are some limitations to their application. In recent years, the role of salivary exosomes in cancer has been increasingly studied. Salivary exosomes not only renew and regulate the biological behavior of tumor cells, such as malignant proliferation, migration, and invasion, but they also serve as ideal markers for early diagnosis of diseases and may represent an effective therapeutic target. This article reviews the current research on salivary exosomes in malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuqian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
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Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Liquid Biopsy-Based Diagnosis for the Central Nervous System, Head and Neck, Lung, and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112792. [PMID: 34205183 PMCID: PMC8200014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To improve clinical outcomes, early diagnosis is mandatory in cancer patients. Several diagnostic approaches have been proposed, however, the main drawback relies on the invasive procedures required. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer lipid membrane structures released by almost all cells and transferred to remote sites via the bloodstream. The observation that their cargo reflects the cell of origin has opened a new frontier for non-invasive biomarker discovery in oncology. Moreover, since EVs can be recovered from different body fluids, their impact as a Correctdiagnostic tool has gained particular interest. Hence, in the last decade, several studies using different biological fluids have been performed, showing the valuable contributions of EVs as tumour biomarkers, and their improved diagnostic power when combined with currently available tumour markers. In this review, the most relevant data on the diagnostic relevance of EVs, alone or in combination with the well-established tumour markers, are discussed. Abstract Early diagnosis, along with innovative treatment options, are crucial to increase the overall survival of cancer patients. In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained great interest in biomarker discovery. EVs are bilayer lipid membrane limited structures, released by almost all cell types, including cancer cells. The EV cargo, which consists of RNAs, proteins, DNA, and lipids, directly mirrors the cells of origin. EVs can be recovered from several body fluids, including blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), by non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches, and are therefore proposed as feasible cancer diagnostic tools. In this review, methodologies for EV isolation and characterization and their impact as diagnostics for the central nervous system, head and neck, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers are outlined. For each of these tumours, recent data on the potential clinical applications of the EV’s unique cargo, alone or in combination with currently available tumour biomarkers, have been deeply discussed.
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Tang KD, Wan Y, Zhang X, Bozyk N, Vasani S, Kenny L, Punyadeera C. Proteomic Alterations in Salivary Exosomes Derived from Human Papillomavirus-Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:505-515. [PMID: 34080172 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports the notion that human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA integration onto the human genome can influence and alter the molecular cargo in the exosomes derived from head and neck cancer cells. However, the molecular cargo of salivary exosomes derived from HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-driven OPC) remains unelucidated. METHODS AND MATERIALS Salivary exosomes morphology and molecular characterizations were examined using the nanoparticle tracking (NTA), western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS We report that HPV16 DNA was detected (80%) in isolated salivary exosomes of HPV-driven OPC patients. Importantly, we demonstrate elevated protein levels of six main glycolytic enzymes [i.e., aldolase (ALDOA), glyceraldehye-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase A/B (LDHA and LDHB), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM)] in isolated salivary exosomes of HPV-driven OPC patients, suggesting a novel mechanism underlying the potential role of salivary exosomes in mediating the reciprocal interplay between glucose metabolism and HPV-driven OPC. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the potential diagnostic value of HPV16 DNA and glycolytic enzymes in salivary exosomes in discriminating healthy controls from HPV-driven OPC patients, thereby opening new avenues in the future for clinical translation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dun Tang
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Translational Research Institute, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Yunxia Wan
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Translational Research Institute, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Xi Zhang
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Translational Research Institute, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Natalie Bozyk
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Translational Research Institute, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Translational Research Institute, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Ding K. Roles of exosomes in cancer chemotherapy resistance, progression, metastasis and immunity, and their clinical applications (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:44. [PMID: 34013358 PMCID: PMC8143748 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of vesicle that are secreted by cells, with a diameter of 40-100 nm, and that appear as a cystic shape under an electron microscope. Exosome cargo includes a variety of biologically active substances such as non-coding RNA, lipids and small molecule proteins. Exosomes can be taken up by neighboring cells upon secretion or by distant cells within the circulatory system, affecting gene expression of the recipient cells. The present review discusses the formation and secretion of exosomes, and how they can remodel the tumor microenvironment, enhancing cancer cell chemotherapy resistance and tumor progression. Exosome-mediated induction of tumor metastasis is also highlighted. More importantly, the review discusses the manner in which exosomes can change the metabolism of cancer cells and the immune system, which may help to devise novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. With the development of nanotechnology, exosomes can also be used as biomarkers and for the delivery of chemical drugs, serving as a tool to diagnose and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Gruduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyang Ding
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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47
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Zhou S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Liu S. Review: Multiplexed profiling of biomarkers in extracellular vesicles for cancer diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1175:338633. [PMID: 34330441 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles secreted by normal and pathological cells. The types and levels of surface proteins and internal nucleic acids in EVs are closely related to their original cells, tumor occurrence, and development. Thus, the sensitive and accurate detection of EV biomarkers is a reliable approach for noninvasive disease diagnosis and treatment response monitoring. However, the purification and molecular profiling of these EVs are technically challenging. Much effort has been dedicated to developing new methods for the detection of multiple EV biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in EV protein and nucleic acid biomarker analysis. Additionally, we systematically discuss the advantages of multiplexed EV biomarker detection for accurate cancer diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and cancer screening. This article aims to present an overview of all kinds of analytical technologies for assessing EVs and their applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yao Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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48
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Xue D, Han J, Liu Y, Tuo H, Peng Y. Current perspectives on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (review). Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:279-290. [PMID: 33847207 PMCID: PMC8183537 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1898728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor, is poor. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the major challenges for the treatment of HCC. Various studies have demonstrated that exosomes, which are loaded with various biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins are involved in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. Additionally, exosomes mediate various biological processes, such as immune response, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombosis, autophagy, and intercellular signal transduction. In cancer, exosomes regulate cancer cell differentiation, development, and drug resistance. Circular RNAs, microRNAs, and proteins in the exosomes can serve as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC. As exosomes are characterized by low immunogenicity and high stability in the tissues and circulation, they can be used to deliver the drugs in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
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49
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Wang L, Xiong X, Yao Z, Zhu J, Lin Y, Lin W, Li K, Xu X, Guo Y, Chen Y, Pan Y, Zhou F, Fan J, Chen Y, Gao S, Jim Yeung SC, Zhang H. Chimeric RNA ASTN2-PAPPA as aggravates tumor progression and metastasis in human esophageal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 501:1-11. [PMID: 33388371 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcription-induced chimeric RNAs are an emerging area of research into molecular signatures for disease biomarker and therapeutic target development. Despite their importance, little is known for chimeric RNAs-relevant roles and the underlying mechanisms for cancer pathogenesis and progression. Here we describe a unique ASTN2-PAPPAantisense chimeric RNA (A-PaschiRNA) that could be the first reported chimeric RNA derived from the splicing of exons and intron antisense of two neighboring genes, respectively. Aberrant A-PaschiRNA level in ESCC tissues was associated with tumor progression and patients' outcome. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that A-PaschiRNA aggravated ESCC metastasis and enhanced stemness through modulating OCT4. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ERK5-mediated non-canonical PAF1 activity was required for A-PaschiRNA-induced cancer malignancy. The study defined an undocumented function of chimeric RNAs in aggravating cancer stemness and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455001, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455001, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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50
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Wang L, Du L, Xiong X, Lin Y, Zhu J, Yao Z, Wang S, Guo Y, Chen Y, Geary K, Pan Y, Zhou F, Gao S, Zhang D, Yeung SCJ, Zhang H. Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:1974-1987. [PMID: 33603170 PMCID: PMC7979537 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is one of the most impactful lifestyle-related risk factors in many cancer types including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). As the major component of tobacco and e-cigarettes, nicotine is not only responsible for addiction to smoking but also a carcinogen. Here we report that nicotine enhances ESCC cancer malignancy and tumor-initiating capacity by interacting with cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) and subsequently activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. We found that aberrant CHRNA7 expression can serve as an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. In multiple ESCC mouse models, dextromethorphan and metformin synergistically repressed nicotine-enhanced cancer-initiating cells (CIC) properties and inhibited ESCC progression. Mechanistically, dextromethorphan non-competitively inhibited nicotine binding to CHRNA7 while metformin downregulated CHRNA7 expression by antagonizing nicotine-induced promoter DNA hypomethylation of CHRNA7. Since dextromethorphan and metformin are two safe FDA-approved drugs with minimal undesirable side-effects, the combination of these drugs has a high potential as either a preventive and/or a therapeutic strategy against nicotine-promoted ESCC and perhaps other nicotine-sensitive cancer types as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kyla Geary
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, 455001, Henan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, 455001, Henan, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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