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Wang JM, Zhang FH, Liu ZX, Tang YJ, Li JF, Xie LP. Cancer on motors: How kinesins drive prostate cancer progression? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116229. [PMID: 38643904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer causes numerous male deaths annually. Although great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer during the past several decades, much about this disease remains unknown, especially its pathobiology. The kinesin superfamily is a pivotal group of motor proteins, that contains a microtubule-based motor domain and features an adenosine triphosphatase activity and motility characteristics. Large-scale sequencing analyses based on clinical samples and animal models have shown that several members of the kinesin family are dysregulated in prostate cancer. Abnormal expression of kinesins could be linked to uncontrolled cell growth, inhibited apoptosis and increased metastasis ability. Additionally, kinesins may be implicated in chemotherapy resistance and escape immunologic cytotoxicity, which creates a barrier to cancer treatment. Here we cover the recent advances in understanding how kinesins may drive prostate cancer progression and how targeting their function may be a therapeutic strategy. A better understanding of kinesins in prostate cancer tumorigenesis may be pivotal for improving disease outcomes in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jie Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Chen K, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu Y, Cao Q, Zhang X. Clinical value of molecular subtypes identification based on anoikis-related lncRNAs in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111104. [PMID: 38373667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoikis is a distinctive type of apoptosis. It is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. But its function in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains veiled. We aimed to develop a prognostic indicator based on anoikis-related long non-coding RNAs (arlncRNAs) and to investigate their biological function in CRPC. MATERIAL AND METHOD Differentially expressed anoikis-related genes were extracted from two CRPC datasets, GSE51873, and GSE78201. Four lncRNAs associated with the anoikis-related genes were selected. A risk model based on these lncRNAs was developed and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prostate cancer cohorts. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints expression, and drug susceptibility were performed based on the model. To identify the biofunction of anoikis-related lncRNA, CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry were used. RESULT Twenty-nine anoikis-related genes were differentially expressed in the CRPC datasets. And 36 prognostic arlncRNAs were selected for the LASSO Cox analysis. Patients were subsequently classified into two subtypes by constructing an anoikis-related lncRNA based prognostic index (ARPI). The accuracy of this index was validated. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the high-ARPI group was enriched in cancer-related and immune-related pathways. Immune infiltration analysis has indicated a positive association between high-ARPI groups and increased immune infiltration. Fulvestrant, OSI-027, Lapatinib, Dabrafenib, and Palbociclib were identified as potential sensitive drugs for high-ARPI patients. In vitro experiments exhibited that silencing LINC01138 dampened the proliferation, migration and enzalutamide resistance in CRPC. Furthermore, it stimulated apoptosis and inhibited the eithelial-mesenchymal transition process. CONCLUSION Four arlncRNAs were identified and a risk model was established to predict the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. Immune infiltration and drug susceptibility analysis revealed a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailei Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yunxuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China..
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3
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Xu Y, Xue G, Zhou L, Wu G, Hu L, Ma S, Zhang J, Li X. KIF4A promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in glioma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04943-z. [PMID: 38411896 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, with poor prognosis reported in patients with high-grade glioma. Kinesin family member 4 A (KIF4A) stimulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. However, its function in gliomas has not been clearly established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of KIF4A on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of glioma cells. We searched The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases to identify KIF4A-related signaling pathways and downstream genes. We further validated them using western blotting, transwell migration and invasion, wound-healing scratch, and dual-luciferase reporter assays in U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cells. Our analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas data showed elevated KIF4A expression in patients with gliomas and was associated with clinical grade. Here, KIF4A overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of glioma cells, whereas KIF4A knockdown showed contrasting results. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analyses demonstrated that KIF4A positively controls TGF-β/SMAD signaling in glioma cells. Additionally, genetic correlation analysis revealed that KIF4A transcriptionally controls benzimidazoles-1 expression in glioma cells. KIF4A promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway via benzimidazoles-1 in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangren Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaotian Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingji Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuchen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Lan Y, Yang X, Wei Y, Tian Z, Zhang L, Zhou J. Explore Key Genes and Mechanisms Involved in Colon Cancer Progression Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04812-3. [PMID: 38294732 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
To explore underlying mechanisms related to the progression of colon cancer and identify hub genes associated with the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. GSE10950 and GSE62932 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was utilized to screen out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted on DEGs. Moreover, STRING and Cytoscape software were utilized for establishing the network of protein-protein interaction (PPI) and identifying hub genes. Afterward, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for identifying prognosis-related hub genes by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Colon cancer cell line LOVO and human normal intestinal epithelial cell line NCM-460 were exploited to demonstrate the differential expression of selected hub genes through RT-qPCR and western blot. The LOVO cells were transfected to regulate expressions of prognosis-associated genes, followed by exploring the effects of those genes on prognosis by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony-forming assay for cancer cell proliferation, cell scratch test and transwell migration assay for cancer cell migration and Annexin V-PE/7-AAD double staining as well as flow cytometry for cancer cell apoptosis. In this study, 266 common DEGs were obtained from the intersection of two datasets. The GO analysis suggested the common DEGs mainly participated in the one-carbon metabolic process, cell cycle G2/M phase transition, organelle fission, cell cycle phase transition regulation, and regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. The KEGG analysis demonstrated the common DEGs were related to the p53 signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism, mineral absorption, and cell cycle. 10 hub genes including CCNB1, KIF4A, TPX2, MT1F, PRC1, PLK4, CALD1, MMP9, CLCA1, and MMP1 were identified and CCNB1, CLCA1, and PLK4 were prognosis-related. Increased expression of CCNB1, CLCA1, and PLK4 restrained proliferation as well as migration of cancer cells and induced apoptosis of cancer cells. CCNB1, KIF4A, TPX2, MT1F, PRC1, PLK4, CALD1, MMP9, CLCA1, and MMP1 were identified as hub genes and CCNB1, CLCA1, and PLK4 could inhibit the progression of colon cancer through inhibiting proliferation as well as migration of the cancer cell and promoting apoptosis of cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuzhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Yulian Wei
- Department of Nursing, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaobing Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Cancer Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, 54 Gongqingtuan Xi Road, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China.
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5
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Xu X, Zhang D, Zhao K, Liu Z, Ren X, Zhang X, Lu Z, Qin C, Wang J, Wang S. Comprehensive analysis of the impact of emerging flame retardants on prostate cancer progression: The potential molecular mechanisms and immune infiltration landscape. Toxicology 2024; 501:153681. [PMID: 38006928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging flame retardants have been used to replace traditional flame retardants, but their potential impact on cancer, especially prostate cancer, is not well understood. Our study aimed to explore the link between flame retardants and prostate cancer, and identify potential carcinogenic mechanisms among populations exposed to emerging flame retardants. We screened flame retardant interacting genes differentially expressed in prostate cancer patients and identified hub genes by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis based on the STRING database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct risk models and identify flame retardant-related prognostic genes. We calculated the proportion of immune cell infiltration to explore the potential mechanism of the prognostic gene, and verified the target cell population of the prognostic gene in the single-cell transcriptome dataset. Our study revealed a significant link between emerging flame retardants and prostate cancer. We constructed a risk model with good predictive ability for prostate cancer prognosis using TCGA dataset, and identified six flame retardant-related prognostic genes validated in the GSE70769 dataset. We found that the expression of M2 macrophages was up-regulated in patients with high expression of prognostic genes, and the single-cell dataset confirmed the expression of prognostic genes in macrophages. Our study confirms the link between emerging flame retardants and prostate cancer, and highlights the role of immune-related pathways in the high-risk population exposed to these flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Xu
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Zhanpeng Liu
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Zhongwen Lu
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Shangqian Wang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
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Song Z, Cao Q, Guo B, Zhao Y, Li X, Lou N, Zhu C, Luo G, Peng S, Li G, Chen K, Wang Y, Ruan H, Guo Y. Overexpression of RACGAP1 by E2F1 Promotes Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer by Stabilizing EZH2 Expression. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1757-1774. [PMID: 37196108 PMCID: PMC10529746 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer. It is characterized by the loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, and finally, resistance to AR-targeted therapy. With the application of a new generation of potent AR inhibitors, the incidence of NEPC is gradually increasing. The molecular mechanism of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains largely unclear. In this study, using NEPC-related genome sequencing database analyses, we screened RACGAP1, a common differentially expressed gene. We investigated RACGAP1 expression in clinical prostate cancer specimens by IHC. Regulated pathways were examined by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunoprecipitation assays. The corresponding function of RACGAP1 in prostate cancer was analyzed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. The changes of neuroendocrine markers and AR expression in C4-2-R and C4-2B-R cells were detected in vitro. We confirmed that RACGAP1 contributed to NE transdifferentiation of prostate cancer. Patients with high tumor RACGAP1 expression had shorter relapse-free survival time. The expression of RACGAP1 was induced by E2F1. RACGAP1 promoted neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate cancer by stabilizing EZH2 expression in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, overexpression of RACGAP1 promoted enzalutamide resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Our results showed that the upregulation of RACGAP1 by E2F1 increased EZH2 expression, which drove NEPC progression. This study explored the molecular mechanism of NED and may provide novel methods and ideas for targeted therapy of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuai Song
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuechao Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Song Peng
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guohao Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hailong Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonglian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Yu X, Liu R, Gao W, Wang X, Zhang Y. Single-cell omics traces the heterogeneity of prostate cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:38. [PMID: 37161356 PMCID: PMC10170780 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the more heterogeneous tumour types. In recent years, with the rapid development of single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome technologies, researchers have gained a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Tumour-associated epithelial cells; cancer-associated fibroblasts; the complexity of the immune microenvironment, and the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of tumour cells and other cancer-promoting molecules play a crucial role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer. Single-cell multi-omics biotechnology, especially single-cell transcriptome sequencing, reveals the expression level of single cells with higher resolution and finely dissects the molecular characteristics of different tumour cells. We reviewed the recent literature on prostate cancer cells, focusing on single-cell RNA sequencing. And we analysed the heterogeneity and spatial distribution differences of different tumour cell types. We discussed the impact of novel single-cell omics technologies, such as rich omics exploration strategies, multi-omics joint analysis modes, and deep learning models, on future prostate cancer research. In this review, we have constructed a comprehensive catalogue of single-cell omics studies in prostate cancer. This article aimed to provide a more thorough understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. We summarised and proposed several key issues and directions on applying single-cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics to understand the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Finally, we discussed single-cell omics trends and future directions in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Beijing Tumour Minimally Invasive Medical Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 101121, China
| | - Ruijia Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wenfeng Gao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xuyun Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Beijing Tumour Minimally Invasive Medical Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 101121, China.
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Liu L, Li M, Zhang J, Xu D, Guo Y, Zhang H, Cang S. KIF14 mediates cabazitaxel-docetaxel cross-resistance in advanced prostate cancer by promoting AKT phosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 737:109551. [PMID: 36822388 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel is a first-line chemotherapy drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); yet, some CRPC patients develop docetaxel drug resistance. Cabazitaxel is approved in the post-docetaxel treatment setting. However, recent studies suggested cross-resistance between the development of drug resistance and current treatments. In this study, we used docetaxel-resistant cell lines DU145/DTX50 and PC-3/DTX30 to measure the responses to cabazitaxel. Our findings demonstrated that docetaxel resistance could lead to cross-resistance to cabazitaxel. After docetaxel-resistant cells were treated with cabazitaxel, transcriptome analysis was performed, and the results were analyzed in combination with survival analysis and correlation analysis with Gleason score to screen the cross-resistance genes. The continuously increased expression of kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) was identified as the main cause of cross-resistance to cabazitaxel in docetaxel-resistant cells. Silencing the expression of KIF14 could restore the sensitivity of resistant PCa cells to docetaxel and cabazitaxel, attenuate proliferation and promote apoptosis of the resistant PCa cells. Notably, the depressed expression of KIF14 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt located downstream. In summary, KIF14 mediates the cross-resistance between docetaxel and cabazitaxel, and targeting KIF14 could be an effective measurement for reversing docetaxel or cabazitaxel chemotherapy failure or enhancing the anti-tumor effects of docetaxel or cabazitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China
| | - Junshuo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China
| | - Dengfei Xu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China.
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9
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Cui M, Chang Y, Wang J, Wu J, Li G, Tan J. ERCC6L facilitates the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by the binding of FOXM1 and KIF4A. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:41. [PMID: 36726012 PMCID: PMC9892579 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of excision repair cross-complementation group 6-like (ERCC6L) has been reported in several cancers, but little is known about its expression and function in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, the expression of ERCC6L in LSCC was determined by immunohistochemistry and its correlation with prognostic factors was analyzed. Furthermore, cytological functional validation elucidated the role and underlying mechanisms of ERCC6L dysregulation in LSCC. Our data revealed that ERCC6L expression was elevated in LSCC and it's correlated with TNM stage. In addition, ERCC6L knockdown LSCC cells showed decreased proliferation and migration, increased apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanically, overexpression of ERCC6L promoted nuclear translocation of FOXM1 to facilitate direct binding to the KIF4A promoter and upregulated KIF4A expression. Furthermore, KIF4A knockdown attenuated the role of ERCC6L overexpression in promoting proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis of LSCC cells. In summary, ERCC6L promoted the binding of FOXM1 and KIF4A in LSCC cells to drive their progression, which may be a promising target for precision therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiheng Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfu Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Street 11, Western District, Beijing, 100034, P.R. China.
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Wang Z, Deng H, Jin Y, Luo M, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang K, Wang L, Zhou J. Circular RNAs: biology and clinical significance of breast cancer. RNA Biol 2023; 20:859-874. [PMID: 37882644 PMCID: PMC10730165 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2272468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel noncoding RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures that can regulate eukaryotic gene expression. Due to their stable structure, circRNAs are widely distributed in the cytoplasm and have important biological functions, including as microRNA sponges, RNA-binding protein conjugates, transcription regulators, and translation templates. Breast cancer is among the most common malignant cancers diagnosed in women worldwide. Despite the development of comprehensive treatments, breast cancer still has high mortality rates. Recent studies have unmasked critical roles for circRNAs in breast cancer as regulators of tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. Further, research has revealed that some circRNAs have the potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in clinical practice. Herein, we review the biogenesis and biological functions of circRNAs, as well as their roles in different breast cancer subtypes. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive summary of the clinical significance of circRNAs in breast cancer. CircRNAs are believed to be a hot focus in basic and clinical research of breast cancer, and innovative future research directions of circRNAs could be used as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or novel drugs.Abbreviations: CeRNA: Competitive endogenous RNA; ciRNA: Circular intronic RNA; circRNA: Circular RNA; EIciRNA: Exon-intron circRNA; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; IRES: Internal ribosome entry site; lncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; miRNA: MicroRNA; MRE: MiRNA response element; ncRNA: Non-coding RNA; RBP: RNA-binding protein; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Hao Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Yin M, Tong J, Meng F, Liu C, Liu X, Fang F, He Z, Qin X, Liu C, Ni D, Gao Y, Liang H, Zhang X, Luo L. Near-Infrared-II Activatable Symbiotic 2D Carbon-Clay Nanohybrids for Dual Imaging-Guided Combinational Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49471-49482. [PMID: 36301911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials hold great potential for cancer theranostic applications, yet their clinical translation faces great challenges of high toxicity and limited therapeutic/diagnostic modality. Here, we have created a kind of symbiotic 2D carbon-2D clay nanohybrids, which are composed of a novel 2D carbon nanomaterial (carbon nanochips, or CNC), prepared by carbonizing a conjugated polymer polydiiodobutadiyne, and a 2D layered aluminosilicate clay mineral montmorillonite (MMT). Intriguingly, with the formation of the nanohybrids, MMT can help the dispersion of CNC, while CNC can significantly reduce the hemolysis and toxicity of MMT. The symbiotic combination of CNC and MMT also leads to a synergistic anti-cancer theranostic effect. CNC has a strong absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), while MMT contains Fe3+ that can facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species from highly expressed H2O2 in tumor microenvironment. The nanohybrids not only enable a synergy of photothermal therapy and chemodynamic therapy to suppress the extremely rapid growth of RM1 tumors in mice but also allow for dual photoacoustic and magnetic imaging to guide the drug delivery and NIR-II irradiation execution, hence establishing a highly efficient and biosafe "all-in-one" theranostic platform for precision nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yin
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junwei Tong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenyan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dong Ni
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huageng Liang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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12
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He R, Wen W, Fu B, Zhu R, Chen G, Bai S, Cao X, Wang H. CircKIF4A Is a Prognostic Factor and Modulator of Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194950. [PMID: 36230873 PMCID: PMC9562661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CircKIF4A is significantly upregulated in NKTL cell lines and its upregulation correlates with the poor prognosis of NKTL. CircKIF4A regulates PDK1 and BCL11A expressions by sponging miR-1231. Our data indicated that circKIF4A is oncogenic in NKTL and that it is a predictor of poor prognosis of NKTL. Abstract Background: Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is difficult to treat. Circular RNAs (circ RNAs) have been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the function of circKIF4A in NKTL has not been investigated. Methods: QPCR analysis was used to compare circKIF4A levels in NKTL cell lines versus normal cell lines. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess the effect of circKIF4A on the prognosis of NKTL. The correlation between clinicopathological features and circKIF4A expression was examined using cox regression analysis. Luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry assays were also used to investigate the mechanisms of circKIF4A in NKTL. Results: Our analyses revealed that circKIF4A is significantly upregulated in NKTL cell lines and that its upregulation correlates with the poor prognosis of NKTL. The silencing of circKIF4A significantly suppressed glucose uptake and lactate production in NKTL cells. Moreover, we showed that circKIF4A, PDK1, and BCL11A bind miR-1231 and that circKIF4A regulates PDK1 and BCL11A expressions by sponging miR-1231. Conclusions: During NKTL progression, circKIF4A regulated PDK1 and BCL11A levels by sponging miR-1231. Our data indicated that circKIF4A is oncogenic in NKTL and that it is a predictor of poor prognosis of NKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bibo Fu
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Renjie Zhu
- East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shenrui Bai
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Correspondence:
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AR-regulated ZIC5 contributes to the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:393. [PMID: 36127329 PMCID: PMC9489711 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which prostate cancer (PCa) progresses to the aggressive castration-resistant stage remain uncertain. Zinc finger of the cerebellum 5 (ZIC5), a transcription factor belonging to the ZIC family, is involved in the pathology of various cancers. However, the potential effect of ZIC5 on PCa malignant progression has not been fully defined. Here, we show that ZIC5 is upregulated in PCa, particularly in metastatic lesions, in positive association with poor prognosis. Genetic inhibition of ZIC5 in PCa cells obviously attenuated invasion and metastasis and blunted the oncogenic properties of colony formation. Mechanistically, ZIC5 functioned as a transcription factor to promote TWIST1-mediated EMT progression or as a cofactor to strengthen the β-catenin-TCF4 association and stimulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, ZIC5 and the androgen receptor (AR) form a positive feed-forward loop to mutually stimulate each other’s expression. AR, in cooperation with its steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3), increased ZIC5 expression through binding to the miR-27b-3p promoter and repressing miR-27b-3p transcription. In turn, ZIC5 potentiated AR, AR-V7, and AR targets’ expression. Besides, ZIC5 inhibition reduced AR and AR-V7 protein expression and enhanced the sensitivity of PCa to enzalutamide (Enz) treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the reciprocal activation between AR and ZIC5 promotes metastasis and Enz resistance of PCa and suggest the therapeutic value of cotargeting ZIC5 and AR for the treatment of advanced PCa.
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14
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Chen J, Zhang D, Yuan Y. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in conversion treatment of locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00873-6. [PMID: 36018466 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curative surgery and locoregional therapy are radical therapies for patients with HCC. But more than 80% of HCC patients cannot be fitful for radical therapies because of local progression or distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Among patients with unresectable locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), some patients can be converted to be technically resectable by conversion treatment and salvage surgery. For unresectable locally advanced hepatocellular, conversion treatment prior to salvage surgery with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and other locoregional therapies improve outcomes. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy which show high antineoplastic activity in HCC patients by preclinical and clinical researches can also be a good choice for conversion therapy. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with locoregional therapy plus antiangiogenic agents or not is most potential conversion therapy comparing to PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with antiangiogenic agents or CTLA-4 inhibitor. As more clinical evidence reported, PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy would be widely used in conversion treatment of locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu X, Wu H, Liu Z. An Integrative Human Pan-Cancer Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112658. [PMID: 35681641 PMCID: PMC9179585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), one of the key regulators of the G2/M checkpoint, is expressed in many cells and plays an important role in cell cycle control. However, CDK1 expression is substantially increased in many tumors of diverse origins and is associated with tumorigenesis. Targeting CDK1 shows promising results for several tumors. However, a systematic and integrative analysis of CDK1 in cancer has not been conducted. The present study aims to use pan-cancer analysis to investigate the relationship, similarities, and differences in genetic and cellular changes associated with CDK1 in various tumors and tumor microenvironments. Our findings elucidate that CDK1 expression increases in more than 20 human tumors and is highly correlated with oncogenic signature gene sets, biological pathways, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and lower survival rate across multiple tumors. Targeting CDK1 may provide a novel and effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is essential for cell division by regulating the G2/M phase and mitosis. CDK1 overexpression can also promote the development and progression of a variety of cancers. However, the significance of CDK1 in the formation, progression, and prognosis of human pan-cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas database, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, Human Protein Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and other well-established databases to comprehensively examine CDK1 genetic alterations and gene/protein expression in various cancers and their relationships with the prognosis, immune reactivities, and clinical outcomes for 33 tumor types. Gene set enrichment analysis was also conducted to examine the potential mechanisms of CDK1 in tumorigenesis. The data showed that CDK1 mutation was frequently present in multiple tumors. CDK1 expression was significantly increased in various types of tumors as compared with normal tissues and was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. In addition, CDK1 expression was significantly correlated with oncogenic genes, proteins, cellular components, myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration, ESTMATEScore, and signaling pathways associated with tumor development and progression and tumor microenvironments. These data indicate that CDK1 could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis and a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyou Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +573-884-3278
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16
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Yang Y, Liu HL, Liu YJ. A Novel Five-Gene Signature Related to Clinical Outcome and Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:912125. [PMID: 35646102 PMCID: PMC9136328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.912125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer in women and the main cause of cancer-related deaths in the globe, according to the World Health Organization. The need for biomarkers that can help predict survival or guide treatment decisions in BC patients is critical in order to provide each patient with an individualized treatment plan due to the wide range of prognoses and therapeutic responses. A reliable prognostic model is essential for determining the best course of treatment for patients. Patients’ clinical and pathological data, as well as their mRNA expression levels at level 3, were gleaned from the TCGA databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BC and non-tumor specimens were identified. Tumor immunity analyses have been utilized in order to decipher molecular pathways and their relationship to the immune system. The expressions of KIF4A in BC cells were determined by RT-PCR. To evaluate the involvement of KIF4A in BC cell proliferation, CCK-8 tests were used. In this study, utilizing FC > 4 and p < 0.05, we identified 140 upregulated genes and 513 down-regulated genes. A five-gene signature comprising SFRP1, SAA1, RBP4, KIF4A and COL11A1 was developed for the prediction of overall survivals of BC. Overall survival was distinctly worse for patients in the high-risk group than those in the low-risk group. Cancerous and aggressiveness-related pathways and decreased B cell, T cell CD4+, T cell CD8+, Neutrophil and Myeloid dendritic cells levels were seen in the high-risk group. In addition, we found that KIF4A was highly expressed in BC and its silence resulted in the suppression of the proliferation of BC cells. Taken together, as a possible prognostic factor for BC, the five-gene profile created and verified in this investigation could guide the immunotherapy selection.
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Association between schizophrenia and prostate cancer risk: Results from a pool of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152308. [PMID: 35303584 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies analyzing the risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia patients have generated mixed results. We performed a meta-analysis and a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the relationship and causality between schizophrenia and the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive and systematic search of cohort studies was conducted, and a random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for prostate cancer incidence among schizophrenia patients versus the general population. To investigate the correlation between genetically-predicted schizophrenia and prostate cancer risk, we used summary statistics from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium (61,106 controls and 79,148 cases), and 75 schizophrenia-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from European descent as the instrumental variable. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies with 218,076 men involved, a decreased risk of prostate cancer was observed among schizophrenia patients [SIR 0.610; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.500-0.740; p < 0.001] with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 83.3%; p < 0.001). However, MR analysis did not sustain the link between genetically-predicted schizophrenia and prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) 1.033; 95% CI 0.998-1.069; p = 0.065]. The result was robust against extensive sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated a decreased risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia patients through meta-analysis, while MR analysis did not support the connection between schizophrenia and prostate cancer. Due to the interaction of genetic variants between binary exposures, we need to be cautious in interpreting and presenting causal associations. Moreover, further research is needed to investigate underlying factors that might link schizophrenia to the risk of prostate cancer.
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Xia H, Wang M, Su X, Lv Z, Yan Q, Guo X, Liu M. A Novel Gene Signature Associated With “E2F Target” Pathway for Predicting the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:838654. [PMID: 35495629 PMCID: PMC9045651 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.838654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of the adenoviral early region 2 binding factors (E2Fs) target pathway on prostate cancer is not clear. It is necessary to establish an E2F target-related gene signature to predict prognosis and facilitate clinical decision-making.Methods: An E2F target-related gene signature was established by univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses, and its predictive ability was verified in multiple cohorts. Moreover, the enrichment pathway, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity of the activated E2F target pathway were also explored.Results: The E2F target-related gene signature consisted of MXD3, PLK1, EPHA10, and KIF4A. The patients with high-risk scores showed poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and immunosuppression, along with abnormal growth characteristics of cells. Tinib drugs showed high sensitivity to the expression of MXD3 and EPHA10 genes.Conclusion: Our research established an E2F target-related signature for predicting the prognosis of prostate cancer. This study provides insights into formulating individualized detection and treatment as well as provides a theoretical basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xia
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Su
- Department of Urology, Zoucheng People’s Hospital, Zoucheng, China
| | - Zhengtong Lv
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Yan
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiao Guo, ; Ming Liu,
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiao Guo, ; Ming Liu,
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Cui X, Su H, Yang J, Wu X, Huo K, Jing X, Zhang S. Up-regulation of MTHFD2 is associated with clinicopathological characteristics and poor survival in ovarian cancer, possibly by regulating MOB1A signaling. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:23. [PMID: 35135596 PMCID: PMC8827288 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MTHFD2 is a folate-coupled metabolic enzyme, which has been proved to participant in the metabolic reprogramming and tumor cell-sustaining proliferative capacity. However, the function of MTHFD2 in the development of ovarian cancer and its potential molecular mechanisms is still unclear. Materials and methods The expression, various mutations, prognosis, and related network signaling pathways of MTHFD2 were analyzed using bioinformatics-related websites, including Oncomine, GEPIA, UCSC, cBioPortal, KM Plotter, TISIDB and TIMER. The prognostic value of MTHFD2 expression was validated by our own ovarian cancer samples using RT-qPCR. The migration ad invasion of ovarian cancer cells were further analyzed by CCK-8 and transwell assay. The Western-blot assay was performed to explore the protein levels of MTHFD2 and MOB1A. Results We obtained the following important results. (1) MTHFD2 expression was markedly up-regulated in ovarian cancer than normal samples. (2) Among patients with ovarian cancer, those with higher MTHFD2 expression was associated with lower survival rate. (3) The major mutation type of MTHFD2 in ovarian cancer samples was missense mutation. (4) MTHFD2 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as the expression of MOB1A in vitro. Conclusion MTHFD2, as a NAD + -dependent enzyme, accelerated tumor progression by up-regulating MBO1A, suggesting that this protein may be an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for future ovarian cancer treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-022-00954-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Cui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The affiliated Children's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huancheng Su
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jiaolin Yang
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The affiliated Children's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kai Huo
- Breast Surgery Department, Tumor Hospital of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Xuan Jing
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Sanyuan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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20
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Network models of prostate cancer immune microenvironments identify ROMO1 as heterogeneity and prognostic marker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:192. [PMID: 34996995 PMCID: PMC8741951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men worldwide. Its treatment remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of the tumor, mainly because of the lack of effective and targeted prognostic markers at the system biology level. First, the data were retrieved from TCGA dataset, and valid samples were obtained by consistent clustering and principal component analysis; next, key genes were analyzed for prognosis of PCa using WGCNA, MEGENA, and LASSO Cox regression model analysis, while key genes were screened based on disease-free survival significance. Finally, TIMER data were selected to explore the relationship between genes and tumor immune infiltration, and GSCAlite was used to explore the small-molecule targeted drugs that act with them. Here, we used tumor subtype analysis and an energetic co-expression network algorithm of WGCNA and MEGENA to identify a signal dominated by the ROMO1 to predict PCa prognosis. Cox regression analysis of ROMO1 was an independent influence, and the prognostic value of this biomarker was validated in the training set, the validated data itself, and external data, respectively. This biomarker correlates with tumor immune infiltration and has a high degree of infiltration, poor prognosis, and strong correlation with CD8+T cells. Gene function annotation and other analyses also implied a potential molecular mechanism for ROMO1. In conclusion, we putative ROMO1 as a portal key prognostic gene for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, which provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
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21
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Lu Y, Cao G, Lan H, Liao H, Hu Y, Feng H, Liu X, Huang P. Chondrocyte-derived Exosomal miR-195 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Anti-Apoptotic by Targeting KIF4A in vitro and in vivo. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101289. [PMID: 34952333 PMCID: PMC8695354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) chemoresistance and distant metastasis are directly associated with OS recurrence and dismal patient prognosis, which are serious concerns for the medical community. However, current knowledge on OS pathogenesis and treatment remains limited. We found that kinesin superfamily protein 4A (KIF4A) acts as a potential OS biomarker. KIF4A promoted OS cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic in vitro and enhanced tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicate that miR-195 inhibits the expression of KIF4A by directly targeting its 3’-untranslated region Hence, targeting KIF4A could be a novel therapeutic strategy for OS and miR-195 may be a potential KIF4A-targeting drug. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that normal human chondrocytes can be used to produce miR-195-carrying exosomes to successfully deliver miR-195 into OS cells. Thus, our results suggest that chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 may be developed into a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic drug.
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of the bone that occurs in adolescents and is characterized by a young age at onset, high malignancy, high rate of metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, the factors influencing disease progression and prognosis remain unclear. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 in OS. We used normal human chondrocytes to form miR-195-carrying exosomes to deliver miR-195 into OS cells. Xenograft tumor experiments were performed in mice intratumorally injected with exosomal miR-195. We found that kinesin superfamily protein 4A (KIF4A) promoted OS tumor progression and anti-apoptotic. Resules We demonstrated that miR-195 inhibited the expression of KIF4A by directly targeting its 3’-untranslated region. Moreover, we observed that exosomal miR-195 successfully inhibited OS cell tumor growth and antiapoptotic in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate that normal human chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 can be internalized by OS cells and inhibit tumor growth and antiapoptotic by targeting KIF4A, providing a new direction for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying OS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Gaolu Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Haiying Lan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Hua Liao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Surgery, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314500, China.
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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22
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Wang L, Liu G, Bolor-Erdene E, Li Q, Mei Y, Zhou L. Identification of KIF4A as a prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24050-24070. [PMID: 34775374 PMCID: PMC8610135 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common and aggressive tumor worldwide, and the long-term survival of these patients remains poor. Three databases (GSE17351, GSE20347, and GSE100942) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus, and 193 differentially expressed genes including 56 upregulated and 137 downregulated genes were identified by paired test using limma R package. Then, functional enrichments by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed these genes were mainly related protein digestion and absorption, and IL-17 signaling pathway. We then constructed a protein-protein interaction network and cytoHubba module to determine the six hub genes and overall survival analysis of the six hub genes were evaluated by UALCAN and GEPIA2 analysis. Ultimately, the experimental results confirmed the KIF4A was overexpressed in the ESCC tissues and cell lines compared with the normal esophageal mucosal tissues and was linked to poor prognosis. Moreover, we also revealed that KIF4A facilitates proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion of ESCC in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these findings demonstrated that KIF4A could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and may help facilitate therapeutic targets in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Wang
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.,East Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Gang Liu
- East Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Enkhbat Bolor-Erdene
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qinchuan Li
- East Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yunqing Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
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23
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Lu D, Song Y, Yu Y, Wang D, Liu B, Chen L, Li X, Li Y, Cheng L, Lv F, Zhang P, Xing Y. KAT2A-mediated AR translocation into nucleus promotes abiraterone-resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:787. [PMID: 34381019 PMCID: PMC8357915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone, a novel androgen synthesis inhibitor, has been approved for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. However, most patients eventually acquire resistance to this agent, and the underlying mechanisms related to this resistance remain largely unelucidated. Lysine acetyltransferase 2 A (KAT2A) has been reported to enhance transcriptional activity for certain histone or non-histone proteins through the acetylation and post-translational modification of the androgen receptor (AR). Therefore, we hypothesised that KAT2A might play a critical role in the resistance of prostate tumours to hormonal treatment. In this study, we found that KAT2A expression was increased in abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer C4-2 cells (C4-2-AbiR). Consistently, elevated expression of KAT2A was observed in patients with prostate cancer exhibiting high-grade disease or biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy, as well as in those with poor clinical survival outcomes. Moreover, KAT2A knockdown partially re-sensitised C4-2-AbiR cells to abiraterone, whereas KAT2A overexpression promoted abiraterone resistance in parental C4-2 cells. Consistent with this finding, KAT2A knockdown rescued abiraterone sensitivity and inhibited the proliferation of C4-2-AbiR cells in a mouse model. Mechanistically, KAT2A directly acetylated the hinge region of the AR, and induced AR translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, resulting in increased transcriptional activity of the AR-targeted gene prostate specific antigen (PSA) leading to resistance to the inhibitory effect of abiraterone on proliferation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a substantial role for KAT2A in the regulation of post-translational modifications in AR affecting CRPC development, suggesting that targeting KAT2A might be a potential strategy for CRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingheng Lu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xuexiang Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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24
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Das R, Sjöström M, Shrestha R, Yogodzinski C, Egusa EA, Chesner LN, Chen WS, Chou J, Dang DK, Swinderman JT, Ge A, Hua JT, Kabir S, Quigley DA, Small EJ, Ashworth A, Feng FY, Gilbert LA. An integrated functional and clinical genomics approach reveals genes driving aggressive metastatic prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4601. [PMID: 34326322 PMCID: PMC8322386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing of thousands of tumors has revealed many genes associated with specific types of cancer. Similarly, large scale CRISPR functional genomics efforts have mapped genes required for cancer cell proliferation or survival in hundreds of cell lines. Despite this, for specific disease subtypes, such as metastatic prostate cancer, there are likely a number of undiscovered tumor specific driver genes that may represent potential drug targets. To identify such genetic dependencies, we performed genome-scale CRISPRi screens in metastatic prostate cancer models. We then created a pipeline in which we integrated pan-cancer functional genomics data with our metastatic prostate cancer functional and clinical genomics data to identify genes that can drive aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes. Our integrative analysis of these data reveals known prostate cancer specific driver genes, such as AR and HOXB13, as well as a number of top hits that are poorly characterized. In this study we highlight the strength of an integrated clinical and functional genomics pipeline and focus on two top hit genes, KIF4A and WDR62. We demonstrate that both KIF4A and WDR62 drive aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in vitro and in vivo in multiple models, irrespective of AR-status, and are also associated with poor patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raunak Shrestha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Yogodzinski
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Egusa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa N Chesner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William S Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donna K Dang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason T Swinderman
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex Ge
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junjie T Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shaheen Kabir
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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25
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Li Y, Zhu X, Yang M, Wang Y, Li J, Fang J, Guo W, Ma S, Guan F. YAP/TEAD4-induced KIF4A contributes to the progression and worse prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:440-454. [PMID: 34003522 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A), which is associated with tumor progression, has been reported in several types of cancer. However, its expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating the transcription of KIF4A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain largely unclear. Here, we found that high KIF4A expression was positively correlated with tumor stage and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. KIF4A silencing significantly inhibited the growth and migration of ESCC cells, arrested cell cycle, and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, KIF4A expression was positively related to the expression of YAP in human ESCC tissues. YAP knockdown or disrupting YAP/TEAD4 interaction by verteporfin repressed KIF4A expression. Also, KIF4A knockdown significantly inhibited the cell growth induced by YAP overexpression. Mechanistically, YAP activated KIF4A transcriptional expression by TEAD4-mediated direct binding to KIF4A promoter. Finally, KIF4A knockdown and verteporfin treatment synergistically inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models. Together, these results indicated that KIF4A, a novel target gene of YAP/TEAD4, may be a progression and prognostic biomarker of ESCC. Targeting drugs for KIF4A combined with YAP inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangzhan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Xuchang, China
| | - Jiarui Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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26
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Cui X, Wang H, Wu X, Huo K, Jing X. Increased expression of KPNA2 predicts unfavorable prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, possibly by targeting KIF4A signaling. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:71. [PMID: 34034774 PMCID: PMC8152344 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin α-2 (KPNA2) is a member of karyopherin family, which is proved to be responsible for the import or export of cargo proteins. Studies have determined that KPNA2 is associated with the development and prognosis of various cancers, yet the role of KPNA2 in ovarian carcinoma and its potential molecular mechanisms remains unclear. Materials and methods The expression and prognosis of KPNA2 in ovarian cancer was investigated using GEPIA and Oncomine analyses. Mutations of KPNA2 in ovarian cancer were analyzed by cBioPortal database. The prognostic value of KPNA2 expression was evaluated by our own ovarian carcinoma samples using RT-qPCR. Subsequently, the cell growth, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells were investigated by CCK-8 and transwell assay, respectively. The protein levels of KPNA2 and KIF4A were determined by western blot. Results We obtained the following important results. (1) KPNA2 and KIF4A wereoverexpressed in ovairan cancer tissues and cells. (2) Among patients with ovarian cancer, overexpressed KPNA2 was associated with lower survival rate. (3) Mutations (R197* and S140F) in KPNA2 will have some influences on protein structure, and then may cause protein function abnormal. (4) KPNA2 konckdown inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as the expression of KIF4A. Conclusion KPNA2, as a tumorigenic gene in ovarian cancer, accelerated tumor progression by up-regulating KIF4A, suggesting that KPNA2 might be a hopeful indicator of treatment and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Cui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kai Huo
- Breast Surgery Department, Tumor Hospital of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Xuan Jing
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Prov. People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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27
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Ruan H, Bao L, Tao Z, Chen K. Flightless I Homolog Reverses Enzalutamide Resistance through PD-L1-Mediated Immune Evasion in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:838-852. [PMID: 34011528 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells can evade immune surveillance and immune killing during the emergence of endocrine therapy resistance in prostate cancer, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. Flightless I homolog (FLII) is a coregulator for transcription factors in several malignancies. Here, we have demonstrated that endocrine therapy resistance can induce an immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment and immune evasion through FLII downregulation, which leads to activation of the YBX1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. FLII expression negatively correlated with expression of PD-L1 in tumors. Mechanism studies demonstrated that FLII physically interacted with YBX1 to inhibit nuclear localization of YBX1 and thereby suppress transcription of PDL1 in enzalutamide-resistant tumors. Restoration of FLII expression reversed enzalutamide resistance through activation of T-cell responses in the tumor microenvironment through inhibition of the YBX1/PD-L1 pathway. We also found that reversal of endocrine therapy resistance and immune evasion was mediated by proliferation of effector CD8+ T cells and inhibition of tumor infiltration by regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate a functional and biological interaction between endocrine therapy resistance and immune evasion mediated through the FLII/YBX1/PD-L1 cascade. Combination therapy with FLII expression and endocrine therapy may benefit patients with prostate cancer by preventing tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Bao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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28
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Fontana F, Limonta P. Dissecting the Hormonal Signaling Landscape in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1133. [PMID: 34067217 PMCID: PMC8151003 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer (PCa) progression towards its most aggressive, castration-resistant (CRPC) stage is urgently needed to improve the therapeutic options for this almost incurable pathology. Interestingly, CRPC is known to be characterized by a peculiar hormonal landscape. It is now well established that the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) axis is still active in CRPC cells. The persistent activity of this axis in PCa progression has been shown to be related to different mechanisms, such as intratumoral androgen synthesis, AR amplification and mutations, AR mRNA alternative splicing, increased expression/activity of AR-related transcription factors and coregulators. The hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), by binding to its specific receptors (GnRH-Rs) at the pituitary level, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the reproductive functions. GnRH and GnRH-R are also expressed in different types of tumors, including PCa. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that, in CRPC cells, the activation of GnRH-Rs is associated with a significant antiproliferative/proapoptotic, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activity. This antitumor activity is mainly mediated by the GnRH-R-associated Gαi/cAMP signaling pathway. In this review, we dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of the androgen/AR and GnRH/GnRH-R axes in CRPC progression and the possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Zhang E, Shiori F, Mu OY, He J, Ge Y, Wu H, Zhang M, Song Y. Establishment of Novel DNA Methylation-Based Prostate Cancer Subtypes and a Risk-Predicting Eight-Gene Signature. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639615. [PMID: 33708770 PMCID: PMC7940376 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor affecting males worldwide. The substantial heterogeneity in PCa presents a major challenge with respect to molecular analyses, patient stratification, and treatment. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used to select eight risk-CpG sites. Using an unsupervised clustering analysis, called consensus clustering, we found that patients with PCa could be divided into two subtypes (Methylation_H and Methylation_L) based on the DNA methylation status at these CpG sites. Differences in the epigenome, genome, transcriptome, disease status, immune cell composition, and function between the identified subtypes were explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. This analysis clearly revealed the risk characteristics of the Methylation_H subtype. Using a weighted correlation network analysis to select risk-related genes and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, we constructed a prediction signature for prognosis based on the subtype classification. We further validated its effectiveness using four public datasets. The two novel PCa subtypes and risk predictive signature developed in this study may be effective indicators of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fujisawa Shiori
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oscar YongNan Mu
- PANASIAUSMLE, Association of Asian Medical Graduates, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jieqian He
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuntian Ge
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongliang Wu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongsheng Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gao L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu J, Sun F, Liu H, Hu J, Wang X, Wang X, Su P, Chen S, Qu S, Shi B, Xiong X, Chen W, Dong X, Han B. KIF15-Mediated Stabilization of AR and AR-V7 Contributes to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 81:1026-1039. [PMID: 33277366 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The new generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitor enzalutamide can prolong the survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, resistance to enzalutamide inevitably develops in these patients, and the underlying mechanisms of this resistance are not fully defined. Here we demonstrate that the kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) contributes to enzalutamide resistance by enhancing the AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. KIF15 directly bound the N-terminus of AR/AR-V7 and prevented AR/AR-V7 proteins from degradation by increasing the protein association of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) with AR/AR-V7. In turn, the transcriptionally active AR stimulated KIF15 expression. KIF15 inhibitors alone or in combination with enzalutamide significantly suppressed enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell growth and xenograft progression. These findings highlight a key role of KIF15 in enabling prostate cancer cells to develop therapy resistance to enzalutamide and rationalize KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate how reciprocal activation between KIF15 and AR contributes to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer and highlights cotargeting KIF15 and AR as a therapeutic strategy for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sifeng Qu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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