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Alirzayeva H, Loureiro R, Koyuncu S, Hommen F, Nabawi Y, Zhang WH, Dao TTP, Wehrmann M, Lee HJ, Vilchez D. ALS-FUS mutations cause abnormal PARylation and histone H1.2 interaction, leading to pathological changes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114626. [PMID: 39167487 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of severe early-onset and juvenile cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are caused by mutations in the FUS gene, resulting in rapid disease progression. Mutant FUS accumulates within stress granules (SGs), thereby affecting the dynamics of these ribonucleoprotein complexes. Here, we define the interactome of the severe mutant FUSP525L variant in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons. We find increased interaction of FUSP525L with the PARP1 enzyme, promoting poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) and binding of FUS to histone H1.2. Inhibiting PARylation or reducing H1.2 levels alleviates mutant FUS aggregation, SG alterations, and apoptosis in human motor neurons. Conversely, elevated H1.2 levels exacerbate FUS-ALS phenotypes, driven by the internally disordered terminal domains of H1.2. In C. elegans models, knockdown of H1.2 and PARP1 orthologs also decreases FUSP525L aggregation and neurodegeneration, whereas H1.2 overexpression worsens ALS-related changes. Our findings indicate a link between PARylation, H1.2, and FUS with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Alirzayeva
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rute Loureiro
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Hommen
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yara Nabawi
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - William Hongyu Zhang
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thien T P Dao
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Wehrmann
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Wallbank BA, Pardy RD, Brodsky IE, Hunter CA, Striepen B. Cryptosporidium impacts epithelial turnover and is resistant to induced death of the host cell. mBio 2024; 15:e0172024. [PMID: 38995074 PMCID: PMC11323733 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01720-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection with the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrheal disease. Cryptosporidiosis is of particular importance in infants and shows a strong association with malnutrition, both as a risk factor and as a consequence. Cryptosporidium invades and replicates within the small intestine epithelial cells. This is a highly dynamic tissue that is developmentally stratified along the villus axis. New cells emerge from a stem cell niche in the crypt and differentiate into mature epithelial cells while moving toward the villus tip, where they are ultimately shed. Here, we studied the impact of Cryptosporidium infection on this dynamic architecture. Tracing DNA synthesis in pulse-chase experiments in vivo, we quantified the genesis and migration of epithelial cells along the villus. We found proliferation and epithelial migration to be elevated in response to Cryptosporidium infection. Infection also resulted in significant cell loss documented by imaging and molecular assays. Consistent with these observations, single-cell RNA sequencing of infected intestines showed a gain of young and a loss of mature cells. Interestingly, enhanced epithelial cell loss was not a function of enhanced apoptosis of infected cells. To the contrary, Cryptosporidium-infected cells were less likely to be apoptotic than bystanders, and experiments in tissue culture demonstrated that infection provided enhanced resistance to chemically induced apoptosis to the host but not bystander cells. Overall, this study suggests that Cryptosporidium may modulate cell apoptosis and documents pronounced changes in tissue homeostasis due to parasite infection, which may contribute to its long-term impact on the developmental and nutritional state of children. IMPORTANCE The intestine must balance its roles in digestion and nutrient absorption with the maintenance of an effective barrier to colonization and breach by numerous potential pathogens. An important component of this balance is its constant turnover, which is modulated by a gain of cells due to proliferation and loss due to death or extrusion. Here, we report that Cryptosporidium infection changes the dynamics of this process increasing both gain and loss of enterocytes speeding up the villus elevator. This leads to a much more immature epithelium and a reduction of the number of those cells typically found toward the villus apex best equipped to take up key nutrients including carbohydrates and lipids. These changes in the cellular architecture and physiology of the small intestine may be linked to the profound association between cryptosporidiosis and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan A. Wallbank
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan D. Pardy
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Igor E. Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Rosenbaum SR, Caksa S, Stefanski CD, Trachtenberg IV, Wilson HP, Wilski NA, Ott CA, Purwin TJ, Haj JI, Pomante D, Kotas D, Chervoneva I, Capparelli C, Aplin AE. SOX10 Loss Sensitizes Melanoma Cells to Cytokine-Mediated Inflammatory Cell Death. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:209-220. [PMID: 37847239 PMCID: PMC10842433 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor, SOX10, plays an important role in the differentiation of neural crest precursors to the melanocytic lineage. Malignant transformation of melanocytes leads to the development of melanoma, and SOX10 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and tumor formation. SOX10 expression in melanomas is heterogeneous, and loss of SOX10 causes a phenotypic switch toward an invasive, mesenchymal-like cell state and therapy resistance; hence, strategies to target SOX10-deficient cells are an active area of investigation. The impact of cell state and SOX10 expression on antitumor immunity is not well understood but will likely have important implications for immunotherapeutic interventions. To this end, we tested whether SOX10 status affects the response to CD8+ T cell-mediated killing and T cell-secreted cytokines, TNFα and IFNγ, which are critical effectors in the cytotoxic killing of cancer cells. We observed that genetic ablation of SOX10 rendered melanoma cells more sensitive to CD8+ T cell-mediated killing and cell death induction by either TNFα or IFNγ. Cytokine-mediated cell death in SOX10-deficient cells was associated with features of caspase-dependent pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death that has the potential to increase immune responses. IMPLICATIONS These data support a role for SOX10 expression altering the response to T cell-mediated cell death and contribute to a broader understanding of the interaction between immune cells and melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheera R. Rosenbaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Signe Caksa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Casey D. Stefanski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Isabella V. Trachtenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Haley P. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nicole A. Wilski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Connor A. Ott
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Timothy J. Purwin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jelan I. Haj
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Danielle Pomante
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Daniel Kotas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Claudia Capparelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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4
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Yu L, Zhu G, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Zeng L, Xu Z, Weng J, Xia J, Li J, Pathak JL. Apoptotic bodies: bioactive treasure left behind by the dying cells with robust diagnostic and therapeutic application potentials. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:218. [PMID: 37434199 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is essential for growth and tissue homeostasis. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) are a form of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by dying cells in the last stage of apoptosis and were previously regarded as debris of dead cells. Recent studies unraveled that ApoBDs are not cell debris but the bioactive treasure left behind by the dying cells with an important role in intercellular communications related to human health and various diseases. Defective clearance of ApoBDs and infected-cells-derived ApoBDs are possible etiology of some diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the function and mechanism of the action of ApoBDs in different physiological and pathological conditions. Recent advances in ApoBDs have elucidated the immunomodulatory, virus removal, vascular protection, tissue regenerative, and disease diagnostic potential of ApoBDs. Moreover, ApoBDs can be used as drug carriers enhancing drug stability, cellular uptake, and targeted therapy efficacy. These reports from the literature indicate that ApoBDs hold promising potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, systemic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the recent advances in ApoBDs-related research and discusses the role of ApoBDs in health and diseases as well as the challenges and prospects of ApoBDs-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guanxiong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Zeng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zidan Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Weng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Xia
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Kłos P, Perużyńska M, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Skupin-Mrugalska P, Majcher M, Sawczuk M, Szostak B, Droździk M, Machaliński B, Chlubek D. Response of Skin-Derived and Metastatic Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines to Thymoquinone and Thymoquinone-Loaded Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2309. [PMID: 36365127 PMCID: PMC9698994 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone has been proved to be effective against neoplasms, including skin cancer. Its high lipophilicity, however, may limit its potential use as a drug. Melanoma remains the deadliest of all skin cancers worldwide, due to its high heterogeneity, depending on the stage of the disease. Our goal was to compare the anti-cancer activity of free thymoquinone and thymoquinone-loaded liposomes on two melanoma cell lines that originated from different stages of this cancer: skin-derived A375 and metastatic WM9. We evaluated the proapoptotic effects of free thymoquinone by flow cytometry and Western blot, and its mitotoxicity by means of JC-1 assay. Additionally, we compared the cytotoxicity of free thymoquinone and thymoquinone in liposomes by WST-1 assay. Our results revealed a higher antiproliferative effect of TQ in WM9 cells, whereas its higher proapoptotic activity was observed in the A375 cell line. Moreover, the thymoquinone-loaded liposome was proved to exert stronger cytotoxic effect on both cell lines studied than free thymoquinone. Differences in the response of melanoma cells derived from different stages of the disease to thymoquinone, as well as their different responses to free and carrier-delivered thymoquinone, are essential for the development of new anti-melanoma therapies. However, further research is required to fully understand them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kłos
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Perużyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Baśkiewicz-Hałasa
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paulina Skupin-Mrugalska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Majcher
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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6
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Jeon SJ, Chung KC. Covalent conjugation of ubiquitin-like ISG15 to apoptosis inducing factor exacerbates toxic stimuli-induced apoptotic cell death. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102464. [PMID: 36075291 PMCID: PMC9547223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrion-localized flavoprotein with NADH oxidase activity. AIF normally acts as an oxidoreductase to catalyze the transfer of electrons between molecules, but it can also kill cells when exposed to certain stimuli. For example, intact AIF is cleaved upon exposure to DNA-damaging agents such as etoposide, and truncated AIF (tAIF) is released from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and translocated to the nucleus where it induces apoptosis. Although the serial events during tAIF-mediated apoptosis and the transition of AIF function have been widely studied from various perspectives, their underlying regulatory mechanisms and the factors involved are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that tAIF is a target of the covalent conjugation of the ubiquitin-like moiety ISG15 (referred to as ISGylation), which is mediated by the ISG15 E3 ligase HERC5. In addition, ISGylation increases the stability of tAIF protein as well as its K6-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, we found that ISGylation increases the nuclear translocation of tAIF upon cytotoxic etoposide treatment, subsequently causing apoptotic cell death in human lung A549 carcinoma cells. Collectively, these results suggest that HERC5-mediated ISG15 conjugation is a key factor in the positive regulation of tAIF-mediated apoptosis, highlighting a novel role of posttranslational ISG15 modification as a switch that allows cells to live or die under the stress that triggers tAIF release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jeong Jeon
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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7
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Apoptotic caspases suppress an MDA5-driven IFN response during productive replication of human papillomavirus type 31. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200206119. [PMID: 35858339 PMCID: PMC9303994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200206119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect the basal proliferating cells of the stratified epithelium, but the productive phase of the life cycle (consisting of viral genome amplification, late gene expression, and virion assembly) is restricted to the highly differentiated suprabasal cells. While much is known regarding the mechanisms that HPVs use to block activation of an innate immune response in undifferentiated cells, little is known concerning how HPV prevents an interferon (IFN) response upon differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that high-risk HPVs hijack a natural function of apoptotic caspases to suppress an IFN response in differentiating epithelial cells. We show that caspase inhibition results in the secretion of type I and type III IFNs that can act in a paracrine manner to induce expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and block productive replication of HPV31. Importantly, we demonstrate that the expression of IFNs is triggered by the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) pathway, signifying a response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Additionally, we identify a role for MDA5 and MAVS in restricting productive viral replication during the normal HPV life cycle. This study identifies a mechanism by which HPV reprograms the cellular environment of differentiating cells through caspase activation, co-opting a nondeath function of proteins normally involved in apoptosis to block antiviral signaling and promote viral replication.
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8
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Lohberger B, Glänzer D, Kaltenegger H, Eck N, Leithner A, Bauer R, Kretschmer N, Steinecker-Frohnwieser B. Shikonin derivatives cause apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human chondrosarcoma cells via death receptors and MAPK regulation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:758. [PMID: 35820864 PMCID: PMC9275282 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor, treatment options are limited due to its extensive resistance to a chemo- and radiation therapy. Since shikonin has shown potent anticancer activity in various types of cancer cells, it represents a promising compound for the development of a new therapeutic approach. Methods The dose-relationships of shikonin and its derivatives acetylshikonin and cyclopropylshikonin on two human chondrosarcoma cell lines were measured using the CellTiter-Glo®. The changes in the cell cycle were presented by flow cytometry. Protein phosphorylation and expression apoptotic markers, MAPKs and their downstream targets were analyzed using western blotting and gene expression were evaluated using RT-qPCR. Results Chondrosarcoma cells showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability after treatment with shikonin and its derivatives, with the strongest effect for shikonin and IC50 values of 1.3 ± 0.2 µM. Flow cytometric measurements revealed a G2/M arrest of the cells after treatment. Protein and gene expression analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent downregulation of survivin and XIAP, and an upregulation of Noxa, γH2AX, cleaved caspase-8, -9, -3, and -PARP. Furthermore, the expression of various death receptors was modulated. As MAPK signaling pathways play a key role in tumor biology, their phosphorylation pattern and their corresponding downstream gene regulation were analyzed. Treatment with shikonin derivatives caused an inhibition of pSTAT3 and an increase of pAKT and the MAPKs pERK, pJNK, and pp38 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions These data demonstrated the significant anti-tumorigenic effect of shikonin derivatives in chondrosarcoma and encourage further research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09857-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria.
| | - Dietmar Glänzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Heike Kaltenegger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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9
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Ricaud G, Séguin-Grignon MN, Bernier J. Energetic metabolic reprogramming in Jurkat DFF40-deficient cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2213-2233. [PMID: 35460011 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), or the caspase-activated DNase (CAD), is an endonuclease specific for double-stranded DNA. Alterations in its function and expression have been linked to apoptosis resistance, a mechanism likely used by cancer cells. However, how the DFF40-related apoptosis resistance pathway occurs remains unclear. Here, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression could be linked to cell metabolism through the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and function. We demonstrated that DFF40-deficient cells are more resistant to staurosporine and tributyltin (TBT)-induced apoptosis, and express higher levels of Mcl-1 at basal state. Treatment with TBT induces higher Bcl-2 and caspase-9 mRNA transcripts in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, as well as enhanced Bcl-2 phosphorylation. A loss of DFF40 expression induces a higher mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glycolysis rates in resting T cells. DFF40-deficient cells exhibit the Warburg effect phenotype, where they rely significantly more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation and have a higher proliferative state, demonstrated by a higher Ki-67 transcription factor expression and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated with cell fractioning that DFF40 can translocate to the mitochondria following apoptosis induction. Our study reveals that DFF40 may act as a regulator of mitochondria during cell death and its loss could compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause an energetic reprogramming in pathologies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ricaud
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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10
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Du S, Liew SS, Zhang CW, Du W, Lang W, Yao CCY, Li L, Ge J, Yao SQ. Cell-Permeant Bioadaptors for Cytosolic Delivery of Native Antibodies: A "Mix-and-Go" Approach. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2362-2376. [PMID: 33376798 PMCID: PMC7760483 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are powerful tools that may potentially find wide applications in live-cell bioimaging, disease diagnostics, and therapeutics. Their practical applications have however remained limited thus far, owing to their inability to cross the cell membrane. Existing approaches for cytosolic delivery of functional antibodies are available, but they are constantly plagued by the need for chemical/genetic modifications, low delivery efficiency, and severe endolysosomal trapping. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to develop new strategies capable of highly efficient cytosolic delivery of native antibodies with immediate bioavailability. Herein, we report a modification-free, convenient "mix-and-go" strategy for the cytosolic delivery of native antibodies to different live mammalian cells efficiently, with minimal endolysosomal trapping and immediate bioavailability. By simply mixing a cell-permeant bioadaptor (derived from protein A or TRIM21) with a commercially available off-the-shelf antibody, the resulting noncovalent complex could be immediately used for intracellular delivery of native antibodies needed in subsequent cytosolic target engagement. The versatility of this approach was successfully illustrated in a number of applications, including antibody-based, live-cell imaging of the endogenous protein glutathionylation to detect oxidative cell stress, antibody-based activation of endogenous caspase-3, and inhibition of endogenous PTP1B activity, and finally TRIM21-mediated endogenous protein degradation for potential targeted therapy. Our results thus indicate this newly developed, "mix-and-go" antibody delivery method should have broad applications in chemical biology and future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Du
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Cheng-wu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Xi’an Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Wenjie Lang
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang
University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Cassandra C. Y. Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Xi’an Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang
University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Lohberger B, Bernhart E, Stuendl N, Glaenzer D, Leithner A, Rinner B, Bauer R, Kretschmer N. Periplocin mediates TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human myxofibrosarcoma cells via the ERK/p38/JNK pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153262. [PMID: 32559583 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periploca sepium is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat particularly rheumatic disorders and as a tonic. Periplocin was found as the most cytotoxic compound of its root bark and induced death receptor mediated apoptosis in liposarcoma cells. Sarcomas are a rare type of cancer with only a few treatment options. The five-year survival rate of advanced tumors is low. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the effects of periplocin in two myxofibrosarcoma (MFS)cell lines, MUG-Myx2a and MUG-Myx2b, which are subclones of the same tumor and reflect the tumor´s heterogeneity, and in T60 primary myxofibrosarcoma cells. METHODS The xCELLigence system and the CellTiter 96® AQueous assay were used for studying cell viability. FACS and Western blot experiments were used to investigate the effects of periplocin on apoptosis induction, cell cycle distribution, and the expression of cleaved PARP, caspase 3, p53, phospho-histone γH2AX, ERK/phospho ERK, p38/phospho p38, and, finally, JNK/phospho JNK. Additionally, the expression of the apoptotic markers Bim, NOXA, Bak, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and the death receptors IGFR, FADD, TRADD, TNFR1A, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R2 were evaluated using reversed real-time PCR. RESULTS Periplocin decreased dose-dependently the viability of all MFS cell lines and was more effective than the standard chemotherapeutic doxorubicin. It arrested the cells in the G2/M phase and led to caspase activation. Moreover, periplocin increased the mRNA expression of NOXA, Bak, Bcl-2, and death receptors such as TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and the protein expression of ERK/phospho ERK, p38/phospho p38, and JNK/phospho JNK. In all cases, differences in the effects in the different subclones were observed. CONCLUSION Periplocin showed promising effects in MFS cells. The higher effectiveness compared to doxorubicin is an important aspect for further research with regard as a treatment option. The different effects of periplocin in the two subclones showed the great importance of intratumoral heterogeneity in MFS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036Graz, Austria.
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Stuendl
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Glaenzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine Kretschmer
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010Graz, Austria
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12
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Królewska-Golińska K, Cieślak MJ, Sobczak M, Dolot R, Radzikowska-Cieciura E, Napiórkowska M, Wybrańska I, Nawrot B. Novel Benzo[B]Furans with Anti-Microtubule Activity Upregulate Expression of Apoptotic Genes and Arrest Leukemia Cells in G2/M Phase. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:375-388. [PMID: 30465514 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181122123552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel derivatives of benzo[b]furan were found to be highly toxic towards human chronic myelogenous (K562), acute myelogenous (HL-60) and acute lymphoblastic (MOLT-4) leukemia cells. OBJECTIVE The objective was the characterization of the biological activity of novel benzofurans (influence on apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases and on the cell cycle). Cellular protein(s) targeted by test benzofurans and mechanism of action were identified. METHODS The methods utilized in the study were chemical synthesis, fluorescence assays, flow cytometry, gene expression by DNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, cytotoxicity assays, pull-down assay, mass spectroscopy, in vitro polymerization of tubulin, molecular docking. RESULTS 1,1'-[3-(bromomethyl)-5,6- dimethoxy-1-benzofuran-2,7-diyldiethanone (1) and methyl 4-bromo-6- (dibromoacetyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylate (2) induced apoptosis in K562 and MOLT-4 cells. The profiling of gene expression revealed that 1 and 2 increased the expression of proapoptotic genes involved in both receptor (TNFRSF 10A, TNFRSF 10B, CASP8) and mitochondrial (BAX, BID, NOXA, APAF1) pathways of apoptosis. Test benzo[b]furans activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase in K562 cells. Tubulin was identified as a protein target for benzo[b]furans in pull-down experiments with biotinylated 2. Test benzo[b]furans inhibited polymerization of tubulin monomers in vitro, decreased the level of cellular microtubules and arrested cells in a G2/M phase. Molecular docking suggests that benzo[b]furans 1 and 2 bind to tubulin via colchicine binding pocket and the complex is stabilized mainly by hydrophobic interactions. CONCLUSION Novel benzo[b]furans with anti-microtubule activity were identified. They induce apoptosis in cancer cells and cause G2/M cell cycle arrest. Biological activity of 1 and 2 makes them potential lead compounds for development as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Królewska-Golińska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin J Cieślak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Sobczak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Dolot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Radzikowska-Cieciura
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariola Napiórkowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Str., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Wybrańska
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics and Nutrigenomics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, The Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 15 Kopernika Str., 31- 501 Krakow, Poland.,Department for Genetic Research and Nutrigenomics, The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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13
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The role of PKC and PKD in CXCL12 directed prostate cancer migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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New Thalidomide-Resembling Dicarboximides Target ABC50 Protein and Show Antileukemic and Immunomodulatory Activities. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090446. [PMID: 31487824 PMCID: PMC6770581 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified novel dicarboximides that were selectively cytotoxic towards human leukemia cells. Using chemical and biological methods, we characterized the biological activity, identified cellular protein targets and defined the mechanism of action of the test dicarboximides. The reported IC50 values (concentration required to reduce cell survival fraction to 50% of control) of selected dicarboximides were similar or lower than IC50 of registered anticancer drugs, for example cytarabine, sorafenib, irinotecan. Test compounds induced apoptosis in chronic myelogenous (K562) and acute lymphoblastic (MOLT-4) leukemia cells by activation of receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and increased the expression of proapoptotic genes (BAX, NOXA, HTRA2, TNFRSF10B, ESRRBL1). Selected dicarboximides displayed immunomodulatory activity and downregulated IKZF1 and IKZF3 transcription factors in K562 and MOLT-4 leukemia cells. ATP-binding cassette protein 50 (ABC50) was identified as a target for dicarboximides. Cancer cells with knocked down ABC50 showed increased resistance to dicarboximides. Based on the structure of dicarboximides and thalidomide, novel proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) were synthesized and used as tools to downregulate ABC50 in leukemia cells.
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15
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Ulfig A, Schulz AV, Müller A, Lupilov N, Leichert LI. N-chlorination mediates protective and immunomodulatory effects of oxidized human plasma proteins. eLife 2019; 8:47395. [PMID: 31298656 PMCID: PMC6650281 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a powerful antimicrobial oxidant, is produced by neutrophils to fight infections. Here, we show that N-chlorination, induced by HOCl concentrations encountered at sites of inflammation, converts blood plasma proteins into chaperone-like holdases that protect other proteins from aggregation. This chaperone-like conversion was reversible by antioxidants and was abrogated by prior methylation of basic amino acids. Furthermore, reversible N-chlorination of basic amino acid side chains is the major factor that converts plasma proteins into efficient activators of immune cells. Finally, HOCl-modified serum albumin was found to act as a pro-survival molecule that protects neutrophils from cell death induced by highly immunogenic foreign antigens. We propose that activation and enhanced persistence of neutrophils mediated by HOCl-modified plasma proteins, resulting in the increased and prolonged generation of ROS, including HOCl, constitutes a potentially detrimental positive feedback loop that can only be attenuated through the reversible nature of the modification involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anton V Schulz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Natalie Lupilov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Mirhadi E, Nassirli H, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. An updated review on therapeutic effects of nanoparticle-based formulations of saffron components (safranal, crocin, and crocetin). JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Kim J, Kim YH, Bang S, Yoo H, Kim I, Chang SE, Song Y. L-765,314 Suppresses Melanin Synthesis by Regulating Tyrosinase Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040773. [PMID: 30795539 PMCID: PMC6412649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanin production is a key self-defense mechanism against ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin damage, uneven or excessive deposition of melanin causes hyperpigmentary disorders. Currently available whitening agents are unsatisfactory because of issues with efficacy and safety. To develop more effective depigmenting agents, we performed high-throughput melanin content assay screening using the B16F10 melanoma cell line and identified L-765,314 as a drug that suppressed melanin production in cultured melanocytes in a dose-dependent manner as well as cAMP- or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated melanin production without cytotoxicity. Interestingly, melanogenic gene expression was not altered by L-765,314. Rather, diminished melanin production by L-765,314 appeared to be caused by downregulation of tyrosinase activity via inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). Because L-765,314 did not show any adverse effect in melanocytes, altogether our data suggest that L-765,314 could be a potential therapeutic candidate for skin hyperpigmentary disorders and further discovery of selective inhibitors targeting PKC might be a promising strategy for the development of depigmenting agents to treat hyperpigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Olympic-ro 43-gil 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Olympic-ro 43-gil 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Seunghyun Bang
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Olympic-ro 43-gil 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Hanju Yoo
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Olympic-ro 43-gil 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - InKi Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Olympic-ro 43-gil 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Youngsup Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Olympic-ro 43-gil 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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Malsy M, Bitzinger D, Graf B, Bundscherer A. Staurosporine induces apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells PaTu 8988t and Panc-1 via the intrinsic signaling pathway. Eur J Med Res 2019; 24:5. [PMID: 30686270 PMCID: PMC6348604 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-019-0365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, develops when the normal balance between mitosis and apoptosis is disrupted. The subsequently increased proliferation rate or decreased apoptosis rate of cells leads to uncontrolled cellular growth. Thus, the current aim of cancer research is to increase the apoptosis rate in tumor cells-while limiting the concurrent death of healthy cells-and to induce controlled apoptosis in abnormal cells. Staurosporine is a very potent inducer of apoptosis because it inhibits many different kinases. So far, many different kinase pathways of staurosporine-induced apoptosis have been discussed for various tumor entities. AIMS To identify the effect of staurosporine in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cells and its apoptosis-inducing signaling pathway. METHODS The apoptosis rate in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cells was analyzed by annexin V staining after staurosporine administration. Staurosporine stimulation and its effects on the expression of Bcl2, BAX, Bad, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were investigated with immunoblot. RESULTS Staurosporine significantly increased apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis showed activation of caspase-9 in PaTu 8988t and Panc-1 cells with 1 µM staurosporine. In addition, expression of Bcl2 and Bad was decreased in PaTu 8988t cells. In colorectal carcinoma cells SW 480, staurosporine stimulation did not induce apoptosis. CONCLUSION Modern therapeutic strategies for tumor diseases target the efficient modulation of specific signaling and transcription pathways. In this respect, the therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors has been repeatedly discussed. Our study showed that staurosporine induces apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells via the intrinsic signaling pathway. Thus, staurosporine is a suitable positive control for in vitro apoptosis tests for the pancreatic cancer cell lines PaTu 8988t and Panc-1. Further clinical studies should analyze the impact of this finding on cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Malsy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diane Bitzinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Graf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anika Bundscherer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Simenc J, Juric DM, Lipnik-Stangelj M. NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 prevents staurosporine-induced cell death in rat astrocytes. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:69-76. [PMID: 30661061 PMCID: PMC6411017 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes maintain central nerve system homeostasis and are relatively resistant to cell death. Dysfunction of cell death mechanisms may underlie glioblastoma genesis and resistance to cancer therapy; therefore more detailed understanding of astrocytic death modalities is needed in order to design effective therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VAS2870, a pan-NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on staurosporine-induced cell death in astrocytes. Materials and methods Cultured rat astrocytes were treated with staurosporine as activator of cell death. Cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial potential were examined using flow cytometric analysis, while chemiluminescence analysis was performed to assess caspase 3/7 activity and cellular ATP. Results We show here for the first time, that VAS2870 is able to prevent staurosporine-induced cell death. Staurosporine exerts its toxic effect through increased generation of ROS, while VAS2870 reduces the level of ROS. Further, VAS2870 partially restores mitochondrial inner membrane potential and level of ATP in staurosporine treated cells. Conclusions Staurosporine induces cell death in cultured rat astrocytes through oxidative stress. Generation of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and energy level are sensitive to VAS2870, which suggests NADPH oxidases as an important effector of cell death. Consequently, NADPH oxidases activation pathway could be an important target to modulate astrocytic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Simenc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Mojca Juric
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metoda Lipnik-Stangelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Prof. Metoda Lipnik-Stangelj, M.D., M.Pharm., Ph.D., University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Korytkova ulica 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Phone: +386 1 5437330
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20
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Antiproliferative Effects of Alkaloid Evodiamine and Its Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113403. [PMID: 30380774 PMCID: PMC6274956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids, a category of natural products with ring structures and nitrogen atoms, include most U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved plant derived anti-cancer agents. Evodiamine is an alkaloid with attractive multitargeting antiproliferative activity. Its high content in the natural source ensures its adequate supply on the market and guarantees further medicinal study. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review about the antiproliferative effects of evodiamine derivatives. Therefore, in this article the review of the antiproliferative activities of evodiamine will be updated. More importantly, the antiproliferative activities of structurally modified new analogues of evodiamine will be summarized for the first time.
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Promising anticancer activity of batumin: a natural polyene antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas batumici. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2187-2199. [PMID: 30081676 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the computer-predicted anticancer activity of antibiotic batumin. MATERIALS & METHODS Cytotoxicity assays, cell morphology microscopy and cell cycle progression were studied in cancer and nontumorigenic cell lines. An in vivo experiment on Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL)-transplanted mice was conducted to evaluate potential antimetastatic. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Cytotoxicity against melanoma and lung carcinoma cells (IC50 ≈ 5 μg/ml) was detected. Hypercondensed chromatin and apoptotic body formation in batumin-treated cells suggested the induction of apoptosis supported also by an observed increase in the quantity of cells occupying the sub-G1 cell cycle phase. Twofold reduction in the number and volume of lung metastases in Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL)-bearing batumin-treated mice was demonstrated. Highly specific cytotoxicity of batumin against cancer cell lines potentiates further studies.
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Yang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xu W, Tao L. The different effects of natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin on human hepatocyte QSG7701 cells by ROS-mediated oxidative damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24230-24240. [PMID: 29948706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of natural pyrethrins and pyrethroids to defend pest insects, people had the sustained interest in the potential risk to environment and human health. However, the research about natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin induction of cytotoxicity is still seldom. This study is about the cytotoxic effects of these on human non-target cells in vitro. The cytotoxic effect of natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin on QSG7701 cells were researched by using various bioassays in vitro. The results suggested that with the natural pyrethrin concentration increased, the viability of QSG7701 cells were inhibited increasingly, and the IC50 value as calculated was approximately 42.54 and 18.68 μg/mL after the cells were treated 24 and 48 h. The proliferative potential of QSG7701 cells treated with 40 μg/mL natural pyrethrins 6 and 12 h was decreased by 67.44 and 94.74%, dramatic enhancement ROS, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA exhibit severity of impairment, and chromatin DNA condensation. However, beta-cypermethrin has lower toxicity than natural pyrethrins. The IC50 values of beta-cypermethrin were all > 80 μg/mL, and the colony formation expression was decreased by 15.26 and 19.09%, which implied that natural pyrethrins are more significantly cytotoxic and potentially genotoxic to human hepatocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Medicine Hospital Imaging Center, Wei fang traditional Chinese hospital, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Circulating apoptotic bodies maintain mesenchymal stem cell homeostasis and ameliorate osteopenia via transferring multiple cellular factors. Cell Res 2018; 28:918-933. [PMID: 30030518 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, 50-70 billion cells die every day, resulting in the generation of a large number of apoptotic bodies. However, the detailed biological role of apoptotic bodies in regulating tissue homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we used Fas-deficient MRL/lpr and Caspase 3-/- mice to show that reduction of apoptotic body formation significantly impaired the self-renewal and osteo-/adipo-genic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Systemic infusion of exogenous apoptotic bodies rescued the MSC impairment and also ameliorated the osteopenia phenotype in MRL/lpr, Caspase 3-/- and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Mechanistically, we showed that MSCs were able to engulf apoptotic bodies via integrin αvβ3 and reuse apoptotic body-derived ubiquitin ligase RNF146 and miR-328-3p to inhibit Axin1 and thereby activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, we used a parabiosis mouse model to reveal that apoptotic bodies participated in the circulation to regulate distant MSCs. This study identifies a previously unknown role of apoptotic bodies in maintaining MSC and bone homeostasis in both physiological and pathological contexts and implies the potential use of apoptotic bodies to treat osteoporosis.
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Hepatitis B virus suppresses the secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 to facilitate anti-apoptotic IGF-1 effects in HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:399-408. [PMID: 29981339 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health burden as chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with the development of liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To gain insight into the mechanisms causing HBV-related HCC, we investigated the effects of HBV replication on global host cell gene expression using human HepG2 liver cells. By microarray analysis, we identified 54 differentially expressed genes in HBV-replicating HepG2 cells. One of the differentially-expressed genes was insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) which was downregulated in HBV-replicating cells. Consistent with the gene expression data, IGFBP1 was suppressed at both the cellular and secreted protein levels in the presence of HBV replication. Transient transfection experiments with an inducible plasmid encoding the HBV X protein (HBx) revealed that HBx alone was sufficient to modulate IGFBP1 expression. Small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated loss of function studies revealed that knockdown of IGFBP1 reduced apoptosis induced by either thapsigargin (TG) or staurosporine (STS). Treatment of cells with recombinant insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) decreased both TG- or STS-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, addition of recombinant IGFBP1 reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-1 on TG-induced, but not STS-induced, apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest an anti-apoptotic autocrine function of HBV-mediated downregulation of IGFBP1 in HepG2 cells. Such an effect may contribute to the development of HBV-mediated HCC by increasing pro-survival and anti-apoptotic IGF-1 effects.
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Shannan B, Watters A, Chen Q, Mollin S, Dörr M, Meggers E, Xu X, Gimotty PA, Perego M, Li L, Benci J, Krepler C, Brafford P, Zhang J, Wei Z, Zhang G, Liu Q, Yin X, Nathanson KL, Herlyn M, Vultur A. PIM kinases as therapeutic targets against advanced melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54897-54912. [PMID: 27448973 PMCID: PMC5342389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma show encouraging results in the clinic; however, not all patients respond equally and tumor resistance still poses a challenge. To identify novel therapeutic targets for melanoma, we screened a panel of structurally diverse organometallic inhibitors against human-derived normal and melanoma cells. We observed that a compound that targets PIM kinases (a family of Ser/Thr kinases) preferentially inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and viability in adherent and three-dimensional (3D) melanoma models. Assessment of tumor tissue from melanoma patients showed that PIM kinases are expressed in pre- and post-treatment tumors, suggesting PIM kinases as promising targets in the clinic. Using knockdown studies, we showed that PIM1 contributes to melanoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo; however, the presence of PIM2 and PIM3 could also influence the outcome. The inhibition of all PIM isoforms using SGI-1776 (a clinically-available PIM inhibitor) reduced melanoma proliferation and survival in preclinical models of melanoma. This was potentiated in the presence of the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 and in the presence of PI3K inhibitors. Our findings suggest that PIM inhibitors provide promising additions to the targeted therapies available to melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Shannan
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Watters
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Quan Chen
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Mollin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Dörr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michela Perego
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Benci
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Brafford
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiangfan Yin
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adina Vultur
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Allison SE, Chen Y, Petrovic N, Zhang J, Bourget K, Mackenzie PI, Murray M. Activation of ALDH1A1 in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells that over-express CYP2J2 protects against paclitaxel-dependent cell death mediated by reactive oxygen species. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Jourd'heuil FL, Xu H, Reilly T, McKellar K, El Alaoui C, Steppich J, Liu YF, Zhao W, Ginnan R, Conti D, Lopez-Soler R, Asif A, Keller RK, Schwarz JJ, Thanh Thuy LT, Kawada N, Long X, Singer HA, Jourd'heuil D. The Hemoglobin Homolog Cytoglobin in Smooth Muscle Inhibits Apoptosis and Regulates Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1944-1955. [PMID: 28798140 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of hemoglobin and myoglobin in the cardiovascular system is well established, yet other globins in this context are poorly characterized. Here, we examined the expression and function of cytoglobin (CYGB) during vascular injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterized CYGB content in intact vessels and primary vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells and used 2 different vascular injury models to examine the functional significance of CYGB in vivo. We found that CYGB was strongly expressed in medial arterial VSM and human veins. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that CYGB was lost after VSM cell dedifferentiation. In the rat balloon angioplasty model, site-targeted delivery of adenovirus encoding shRNA specific for CYGB prevented its reexpression and decreased neointima formation. Similarly, 4 weeks after complete ligation of the left common carotid, Cygb knockout mice displayed little to no evidence of neointimal hyperplasia in contrast to their wild-type littermates. Mechanistic studies in the rat indicated that this was primarily associated with increased medial cell loss, terminal uridine nick-end labeling staining, and caspase-3 activation, all indicative of prolonged apoptosis. In vitro, CYGB could be reexpressed after VSM stimulation with cytokines and hypoxia and loss of CYGB sensitized human and rat aortic VSM cells to apoptosis. This was reversed after antioxidant treatment or NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2) inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CYGB is expressed in vessels primarily in differentiated medial VSM cells where it regulates neointima formation and inhibits apoptosis after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Jourd'heuil
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Haiyan Xu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Timothy Reilly
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Keneta McKellar
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Chaymae El Alaoui
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Julia Steppich
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Yong Feng Liu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Wen Zhao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Roman Ginnan
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - David Conti
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Reynold Lopez-Soler
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Arif Asif
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Rebecca K Keller
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - John J Schwarz
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Xiaochun Long
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - Harold A Singer
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.)
| | - David Jourd'heuil
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (F.L.J., H.X., T.R., K.M., C.E.A., J.S., Y.F.L., W.Z., R.G., R.K.K., J.J.S., X.L., H.A.S., D.J.) and Surgery Transplantation (D.C., R.L.-S.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); and Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (L.T.T.T., N.K.).
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Castle AR, Gill AC. Physiological Functions of the Cellular Prion Protein. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:19. [PMID: 28428956 PMCID: PMC5382174 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prion protein, PrPC, is a small, cell-surface glycoprotein notable primarily for its critical role in pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorders known as prion diseases. A hallmark of prion diseases is the conversion of PrPC into an abnormally folded isoform, which provides a template for further pathogenic conversion of PrPC, allowing disease to spread from cell to cell and, in some circumstances, to transfer to a new host. In addition to the putative neurotoxicity caused by the misfolded form(s), loss of normal PrPC function could be an integral part of the neurodegenerative processes and, consequently, significant research efforts have been directed toward determining the physiological functions of PrPC. In this review, we first summarise important aspects of the biochemistry of PrPC before moving on to address the current understanding of the various proposed functions of the protein, including details of the underlying molecular mechanisms potentially involved in these functions. Over years of study, PrPC has been associated with a wide array of different cellular processes and many interacting partners have been suggested. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the previously well-established links between PrPC and processes such as stress-protection, copper homeostasis and neuronal excitability. Instead, the functions best-supported by the current literature include regulation of myelin maintenance and of processes linked to cellular differentiation, including proliferation, adhesion, and control of cell morphology. Intriguing connections have also been made between PrPC and the modulation of circadian rhythm, glucose homeostasis, immune function and cellular iron uptake, all of which warrant further investigation.
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Tamm C, Ceccatelli S. Mechanistic insight into neurotoxicity induced by developmental insults. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:408-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Huber RJ. Using the social amoeba Dictyostelium to study the functions of proteins linked to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:83. [PMID: 27881166 PMCID: PMC5122030 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), also known as Batten disease, is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects both children and adults. Thirteen genetically distinct genes have been identified that when mutated, result in abnormal lysosomal function and an excessive accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin in neurons, as well as other cell types outside of the central nervous system. The NCL family of proteins is comprised of lysosomal enzymes (PPT1/CLN1, TPP1/CLN2, CTSD/CLN10, CTSF/CLN13), proteins that peripherally associate with membranes (DNAJC5/CLN4, KCTD7/CLN14), a soluble lysosomal protein (CLN5), a protein present in the secretory pathway (PGRN/CLN11), and several proteins that display different subcellular localizations (CLN3, CLN6, MFSD8/CLN7, CLN8, ATP13A2/CLN12). Unfortunately, the precise functions of many of the NCL proteins are still unclear, which has made targeted therapy development challenging. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has emerged as an excellent model system for studying the normal functions of proteins linked to human neurological disorders. Intriguingly, the genome of this eukaryotic soil microbe encodes homologs of 11 of the 13 known genes linked to NCL. The genetic tractability of the organism, combined with its unique life cycle, makes Dictyostelium an attractive model system for studying the functions of NCL proteins. Moreover, the ability of human NCL proteins to rescue gene-deficiency phenotypes in Dictyostelium suggests that the biological pathways regulating NCL protein function are likely conserved from Dictyostelium to human. In this review, I will discuss each of the NCL homologs in Dictyostelium in turn and describe how future studies can exploit the advantages of the system by testing new hypotheses that may ultimately lead to effective therapy options for this devastating and currently untreatable neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
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Irreversible electroporation inhibits pro-cancer inflammatory signaling in triple negative breast cancer cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 113:42-50. [PMID: 27693939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Low-level electric fields have been demonstrated to induce spatial re-distribution of cell membrane receptors when applied for minutes or hours. However, there is limited literature on the influence on cell signaling with short transient high-amplitude pulses typically used in irreversible electroporation (IRE) for cancer treatment. Moreover, literature on signaling pertaining to immune cell trafficking after IRE is conflicting. We hypothesized that pulse parameters (field strength and exposure time) influence cell signaling and subsequently impact immune-cell trafficking. This hypothesis was tested in-vitro on triple negative breast cancer cells treated with IRE, where the effects of pulse parameters on key cell signaling factors were investigated. Importantly, real time PCR mRNA measurements and ELISA protein analyses revealed that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) signaling was down regulated by electric field strengths above a critical threshold, irrespective of exposure times spanning those typically used clinically. Comparison with other treatments (thermal shock, chemical poration, kinase inhibitors) revealed that IRE has a unique effect on TSLP. Because TSLP signaling has been demonstrated to drive pro-cancerous immune cell phenotypes in breast and pancreatic cancers, our finding motivates further investigation into the potential use of IRE for induction of an anti-tumor immune response in vivo.
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The Induction of Apoptosis in A375 Malignant Melanoma Cells by Sutherlandia frutescens. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4921067. [PMID: 27656236 PMCID: PMC5021500 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4921067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sutherlandia frutescens is a medicinal plant indigenous to Southern Africa and is commonly known as the “cancer bush.” This plant has traditionally been used for the treatment of various ailments, although it is best known for its claims of activity against “internal” cancers. Here we report on its effect on melanoma cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an extract of S. frutescens could induce apoptosis in the A375 melanoma cell line and to outline the basic mechanism of action. S. frutescens extract induced apoptosis in A375 cells as evidenced by morphological features of apoptosis, phosphatidylserine exposure, nuclear condensation, caspase activation, and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Studies in the presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor allude to caspase-independent cell death, which appeared to be mediated by the apoptosis inducing factor. Taken together, the results of this study show that S. frutescens extract is effective in inducing apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells and indicates that further in vivo mechanistic studies may be warranted.
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Yuan Y, Zhang R, Cheng X, Xu S, Liu B. A FRET probe with AIEgen as the energy quencher: dual signal turn-on for self-validated caspase detection. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4245-4250. [PMID: 30155071 PMCID: PMC6013802 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of biological substances is highly desirable to study various biological processes and evaluate disease progression. Herein, we report a self-validated fluorescent probe which is composed of a coumarin fluorophore as the energy donor and a fluorogen with aggregation-induced emission characteristics (AIEgen) as the energy quencher linked through a caspase-3 specific peptide substrate. Unlike the traditionally widely studied fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes, our new generation of FRET probe is non-fluorescent itself due to the energy transfer as well as the dissipation of the acceptor energy through the free molecular motion of AIEgen. Upon interaction with caspase-3, the probe displays strong green and red fluorescent signals synchronously due to the separation of the donor-quencher and aggregation of the released AIEgen. The fluorescence turn-on with dual signal amplification allows real-time and self-validated enzyme detection with a high signal-to-background ratio, providing a good opportunity to accurately monitor various biological processes in a real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyong Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 .
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 .
| | - Xiamin Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 .
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 .
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 .
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science , Technology and Research (ASTAR) , 3 Research Link , 117602 , Singapore
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Messerschmidt C, Hofmann D, Kroeger A, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Lieberwirth I. On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1296-1311. [PMID: 27826504 PMCID: PMC5082453 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For any living cell the exchange with its environment is vital. Therefore, many different kinds of cargo are able to enter cells via energy-dependent or -independent routes. Nanoparticles are no exemption. It is known that small silica nanoparticles with a diameter below 50 nm are taken up by cells and that their uptake exerts pronounced toxic effects beyond a certain concentration threshold. However, neither the exact uptake mechanism of these particles nor the actual reason for their toxicity has yet been elucidated. In this study we examined the uptake of silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 7, 12 and 22 nm by means of transmission electron microscopy, accompanied by toxicological assays. We show that for every particle diameter tested a different membrane morphology during uptake can be observed and that the amount of particles entering in one event is different for the three sizes. Silica particles with a diameter of 22 nm show single-particle internalization with a membrane wrapped around the particles in the cytosol, whereas 12 nm particles display row-like multi-particle uptake into elongated membrane structures and those with a diameter of 7 nm or less end up in tubular endocytic structures containing many particles. These membrane morphologies proved to be highly reproducible as we found them in five different cell lines. Additionally, we performed ATP and LDH assays to determine particle toxicity. Exceeding a certain concentration threshold the nanoparticles showed a high toxic potential both in the biochemical assay measurements and from morphological findings. We could not find any hint at the induction of apoptosis, neither morphologically nor biochemically. In this regard we discuss membrane damage and consumption as one possible mechanism of toxicity, linking morphological observations to toxicological findings to bridge the gap in understanding the mechanism of toxicity of small nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Kroeger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences, Liebigstr. 87, 32657 Lemgo, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Dept. of Medicine III, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Mahfouz RZ, Sharma RK, Poenicke K, Jha R, Paasch U, Grunewald S, Agarwal A. Evaluation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage (cPARP) in ejaculated human sperm fractions after induction of apoptosis. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:2210-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Determination of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) homologues in human ejaculated sperm and its correlation with sperm maturation. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:782-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ray P, De A, Patel M, Gambhir SS. Monitoring caspase-3 activation with a multimodality imaging sensor in living subjects. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5801-9. [PMID: 18794090 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-5244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Capsase-3 plays an important role in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in many cancers. Herein, we applied a multimodality reporter vector to monitor caspase-3 activation indirectly in live cells and tumors of living animals undergoing apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A fusion protein (MTF) was constructed by combining three different reporter proteins, red fluorescent protein (mRFP1), firefly luciferase (FL), and HSV1-sr39 truncated thymidine kinase (TK), linked through a caspase-3 recognizable polypeptide linker. After cleavage by caspase-3, a significant gain in mRFP1, FL, and TK activity are observed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and enzyme-based assays. A melanoma cell line (B16F10-mtf-hrl) stably expressing mtf (to measure caspase-3 activation) and hrl-IRES-gfp (to determine the decrease in a number of viable cells) vectors was generated to measure two independent molecular events upon treatment. RESULTS Upon induction with 8 mumol/L staurosporine, the fusion protein showed a 2.8-fold increase in FL (P = 0.03), a 1.5-fold increase in TK (P = not significant), and a 2-fold increase in mRFP1 (P = 0.05) activity in 293T cells. Bioluminescence and micropositron emission tomography imaging of the apoptotic B16F10-mtf-hrl tumors showed a 2-fold higher FL activity (897 versus 416) and a 2-fold higher TK activity (10.3 versus 3.87) than control tumors when normalized with RL activity. Using a similar normalization approach, the time kinetics of caspase-3 activation by two protein kinase-C inhibitors was noninvasively monitored in living mice. CONCLUSION This multimodality caspase sensor vector could effectively and noninvasively monitor caspase-3 activation from single live cells to a multicellular tumor environment and, thus, would be a valuable tool for drug screening in preclinical models and future patient cell based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Ray
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305-5427, USA
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Jiang CC, Chen LH, Gillespie S, Kiejda KA, Mhaidat N, Wang YF, Thorne R, Zhang XD, Hersey P. Tunicamycin sensitizes human melanoma cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 via the unfolded protein response. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5880-8. [PMID: 17575157 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reported previously low expression of death receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in fresh isolates and tissue sections of melanoma. This seemed to correlate with relative resistance of freshly isolated melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We show in this study that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, tunicamycin, selectively up-regulated the cell surface expression of TRAIL-R2, but not other members of the TNF receptor family, and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cultured melanoma cells and fresh melanoma isolates. Tunicamycin-mediated sensitization of melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis was associated with increased activation of the caspase cascade and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and was inhibited by a recombinant TRAIL-R2/Fc chimeric protein. Up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 on the melanoma cell surface was associated with increased transcription of TRAIL-R2 and its total protein levels. Two signaling pathways of the ER stress-induced unfolded protein response mediated by inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase and endonuclease 1alpha (IRE1alpha) and activation of transcription factor 6 (ATF6), respectively, seemed to be involved. In one melanoma line, there was clear evidence of activation of the IRE1alpha pathway, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of IRE1alpha substantially reduced the up-regulation of TRAIL-R2. Similarly, there was evidence for the activation of the ATF6 pathway, and siRNA knockdown of ATF6 had a delayed effect on TRAIL-R2 expression in one but not another melanoma cell line. Moreover, the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein seemed to be involved in the up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 by tunicamycin, but its role varied between different melanoma lines. Taken together, our results suggest that agents that induce ER stress may enhance TRAIL-R2 expression and increase the therapeutic response to TRAIL in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen Jiang
- Immunology and Oncology Unit, Newcastle Misericordiae Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Schwartz PS, Manion MK, Emerson CB, Fry JS, Schulz CM, Sweet IR, Hockenbery DM. 2-Methoxy antimycin reveals a unique mechanism for Bcl-x(L) inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:2073-80. [PMID: 17620436 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Bcl-x(L) in multiple cancers correlates with resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and provides a rationale for development of small-molecule Bcl-x(L) inhibitors. Based on knockout studies, nonneoplastic cells also require Bcl-x(L) survival functions, particularly when challenged with cytotoxic agents. We analyze the selective cytotoxicity of one Bcl-x(L) inhibitor, 2-methoxy antimycin A, toward cells with excess exogenous Bcl-x(L) in isogenic cell line pairs. This selectivity, characteristic of a gain-of-function mechanism, is not shared by other known Bcl-x(L) inhibitors, including BH3I-2, HA14-1, ABT-737, gossypol, or the stapled BH3 helical peptide SAHB-BID. We show that Bcl-x(L) overexpression induces a shift in energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Treatment with 2-methoxy antimycin A acutely reverses the metabolic effects of Bcl-x(L), causing mitochondrial hyperpolarization and a progressive increase in mitochondrial NAD(P)H. We identify an additional small-molecule Bcl-x(L) inhibitor, NSC 310343, establishing a class of Bcl-x(L) inhibitors with gain-of-function activity. In contrast to other Bcl-x(L) inhibitors, combining gain-of-function Bcl-x(L) inhibitors with a standard inducer of apoptosis, staurosporine, enhances selective cytotoxicity toward Bcl-x(L)-overexpressing cells. These results provide an example of the intersection of bioenergetic metabolism and Bcl-x(L) functions and suggest a metabolic basis for the gain-of-function mechanism of Bcl-x(L) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Schwartz
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue D2-190, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Wang YF, Jiang CC, Kiejda KA, Gillespie S, Zhang XD, Hersey P. Apoptosis induction in human melanoma cells by inhibition of MEK is caspase-independent and mediated by the Bcl-2 family members PUMA, Bim, and Mcl-1. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4934-42. [PMID: 17652623 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given that inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) are being introduced into treatment for melanoma, the present study was carried out to better understand the mechanism by which they may induce apoptosis of melanoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of human melanoma cell lines and fresh melanoma isolates was assessed for their sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the MEK inhibitor U0126. The apoptotic pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved were examined by use of the inhibitor and small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques. RESULTS Inhibition of MEK induced apoptosis in the majority of melanoma cell lines through a mitochondrial pathway that was associated with the activation of Bax and Bak, release of mitochondrial apoptogenic proteins, and activation of caspase-3. However, apoptosis was independent of caspases and instead was associated with mitochondrial release of AIF as shown by the inhibition of apoptosis when AIF was knocked down by siRNA. Inhibition of MEK resulted in the up-regulation of the BH3-only proteins PUMA and Bim and down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. These changes were critical for the induction of apoptosis by U0126 as siRNA knockdown of PUMA or Bim inhibited apoptosis, whereas siRNA knockdown of Mcl-1 increased apoptosis particularly in the apoptosis-resistant cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis of melanoma cells induced by the inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway is mediated by the up-regulation/activation of PUMA and Bim and down-regulation of Mcl-1. Release of AIF rather than the activation of caspases seems to be the mediator of apoptosis. Our results suggest that cotargeting Mcl-1 and the MEK/ERK pathway may further improve treatment results in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang Wang
- Immunology and Oncology Unit, Room 443, David Maddison Clinical Sciences Building, Cnr. King and Watt Streets, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most invasive and deadly form of skin cancer with no effective therapy to treat advanced disease, leading to poor survival rates. Akt3 signaling plays an important role in deregulating apoptosis in approximately 70% of melanomas. Thus, targeting Akt3 signaling in melanoma patients has significant therapeutic potential for inhibiting melanomas, but no Akt3-specific chemotherapeutic agent exists. Unfortunately, nonspecific Akt inhibitors can cause systemic toxicity or increase metastasis. Identifying and targeting the Akt3 substrate that deregulates apoptosis might circumvent these complications but would require demonstration of its functional importance in disrupting normal apoptosis. In this study, PRAS40 was identified as an Akt3 substrate that deregulated apoptosis to promote melanoma tumorigenesis. Levels of phosphorylated PRAS40 (pPRAS40) increased during melanoma tumor progression paralleling increasing Akt3 activity. Majority of melanomas from patients with elevated Akt activity also had correspondingly higher levels of pPRAS40. Targeting PRAS40 or upstream Akt3 similarly reduced anchorage-independent growth in culture and inhibited tumor development in mice. Mechanistically, decreased pPRAS40 increased tumor cell apoptosis as well as sensitivity of melanoma cells to apoptosis-inducing agents, thereby decreasing chemoresistance. Collectively, these studies provide a solid mechanistic basis for targeting PRAS40 to inhibit the Akt3 signaling cascade and thereby retard melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Yang J, Amiri KI, Burke JR, Schmid JA, Richmond A. BMS-345541 targets inhibitor of kappaB kinase and induces apoptosis in melanoma: involvement of nuclear factor kappaB and mitochondria pathways. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:950-60. [PMID: 16467110 PMCID: PMC2668250 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutive activation of inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) confers melanoma resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy. Whether IKK is able to serve as a therapeutic target in melanoma is unknown. We explored the possibility of exploiting IKK as a therapeutic target in melanoma by using BMS-345541, a novel compound with a highly selective IKKbeta inhibitory activity, to trigger melanoma cell apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL-5, Hs 294T, and A375), all of which have high constitutive IKK activities, served as in vitro and in vivo melanoma models for treatment with BMS-345541. Two known antitumor drugs (temozolomide and bortezomib) were used as parallel controls for evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency and toxicity of BMS-345541. The effects of BMS-345541 on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling and on the apoptosis machinery were investigated. RESULTS Inhibition of constitutive IKK activity by BMS-345541 resulted in the reduction of NF-kappaB activity, CXCL1 chemokine secretion by cultured melanoma cells and melanoma cell survival in vitro and in vivo. The effect of BMS-345541 on tumor cell growth was through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, based on the release of apoptosis-inducing factor, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced ratio of B cell lymphoma gene-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-associated X protein (Bax) in mitochondria. The BMS-345541 execution of apoptosis was apoptosis-inducing factor-dependent, but largely caspase-independent. CONCLUSION BMS-345541 down-regulation of IKK activity results in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells because the programmed cell death machinery in melanoma cells is highly regulated by NF-kappaB signaling. Therefore, IKK may serve as a potential target for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yang
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Katayoun I. Amiri
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R. Burke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann Richmond
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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Qin JZ, Ziffra J, Stennett L, Bodner B, Bonish BK, Chaturvedi V, Bennett F, Pollock PM, Trent JM, Hendrix MJC, Rizzo P, Miele L, Nickoloff BJ. Proteasome inhibitors trigger NOXA-mediated apoptosis in melanoma and myeloma cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6282-93. [PMID: 16024630 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic melanoma or multiple myeloma have a dismal prognosis because these aggressive malignancies resist conventional treatment. A promising new oncologic approach uses molecularly targeted therapeutics that overcomes apoptotic resistance and, at the same time, achieves tumor selectivity. The unexpected selectivity of proteasome inhibition for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, prompted us to define the mechanism of action for this class of drugs, including Food and Drug Administration-approved bortezomib. In this report, five melanoma cell lines and a myeloma cell line are treated with three different proteasome inhibitors (MG-132, lactacystin, and bortezomib), and the mechanism underlying the apoptotic pathway is defined. Following exposure to proteasome inhibitors, effective killing of human melanoma and myeloma cells, but not of normal proliferating melanocytes, was shown to involve p53-independent induction of the BH3-only protein NOXA. Induction of NOXA at the protein level was preceded by enhanced transcription of NOXA mRNA. Engagement of mitochondrial-based apoptotic pathway involved release of cytochrome c, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases, and apoptosis-inducing factor, accompanied by a proteolytic cascade with processing of caspases 9, 3, and 8 and poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase. Blocking NOXA induction using an antisense (but not control) oligonucleotide reduced the apoptotic response by 30% to 50%, indicating a NOXA-dependent component in the overall killing of melanoma cells. These results provide a novel mechanism for overcoming the apoptotic resistance of tumor cells, and validate agents triggering NOXA induction as potential selective cancer therapeutics for life-threatening malignancies such as melanoma and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Qin
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153-5385, USA
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Ambesi A, Klein RM, Pumiglia KM, McKeown-Longo PJ. Anastellin, a Fragment of the First Type III Repeat of Fibronectin, Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Causes G1 Arrest in Human Microvessel Endothelial Cells. Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.148.65.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The formation of a microvascular endothelium plays a critical role in the growth and metastasis of established tumors. The ability of a fragment from the first type III repeat of fibronectin (III1C), anastellin, to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo has been reported to be related to its antiangiogenic properties, however, the mechanism of action of anastellin remains unknown. Utilizing cultures of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, we provide evidence that anastellin inhibits signaling pathways which regulate the extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and subsequent expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Addition of anastellin to primary microvascular endothelial cells resulted in a complete inhibition of serum-dependent proliferation. Growth inhibition correlated with a decrease in serum-dependent expression of cyclin D1, cyclin A and the cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk4, key regulators of cell cycle progression through G1 phase. Consistent with a block in G1-S transition, anastellin inhibited serum-dependent incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into S-phase nuclei. Addition of anastellin to serum-starved microvessel cells resulted in a time-dependent and dose-dependent decrease in basal levels of phosphorylated MEK/ERK and blocked serum-dependent activation of ERK. Adenoviral infection with Ad.ΔB-Raf:ER, an inducible estrogen receptor-B-Raf fusion protein, restored levels of active ERK in anastellin-treated cells, rescued levels of cyclin D1, cyclin A, and cdk4, and rescued [3H]-thymidine incorporation. These data suggest that the antiangiogenic properties of anastellin observed in mouse models of human cancer may be due to its ability to block endothelial cell proliferation by modulating ERK signaling pathways and down-regulating cell cycle regulatory gene expression required for G1-S phase progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ambesi
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - R. Matthew Klein
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Kevin M. Pumiglia
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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