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Wang W, Zhou X, Kong L, Pan Z, Chen G. BUB1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1540. [PMID: 38672622 PMCID: PMC11048608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of chemotherapy resistance severely limits the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) in pancreatic cancer (PC), and the dysregulation of ferroptosis is a crucial factor in the development of chemotherapy resistance. BUB1 Mitotic Checkpoint Serine/Threonine Kinase (BUB1) is highly overexpressed in PC patients and is closely associated with patient prognosis. However, none of the literature reports the connection between BUB1 and ferroptosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying GEM resistance are also not well understood. Therefore, this study first established the high expression levels of BUB1 in PC patients, then explored the role of BUB1 in the process of ferroptosis, and finally investigated the mechanisms by which BUB1 regulates ferroptosis and contributes to GEM resistance in PC cells. In this study, downregulation of BUB1 enhanced the sensitivity of PC cells to Erastin, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, BUB1 could inhibit the expression levels of Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) and MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1), and promote Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting GEM resistance in PC cells. Furthermore, the combination of BUB1 inhibition with GEM exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect. These findings reveal the mechanisms underlying the development of GEM chemotherapy resistance based on ferroptosis and suggest that the combined use of BUB1 inhibitors may be an effective approach to enhance GEM efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Lingming Kong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zhenyan Pan
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
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2
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Zhou S, Lin Y, Zhao Z, Lai Y, Lu M, Shao Z, Mo X, Mu Y, Liang Z, Wang X, Qu J, Shen H, Li F, Zhao AZ. Targeted deprivation of methionine with engineered Salmonella leads to oncolysis and suppression of metastasis in broad types of animal tumor models. Cell Rep Med 2023:101070. [PMID: 37269826 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The strong dependency of almost all malignant tumors on methionine potentially offers a pathway for cancer treatment. We engineer an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium to overexpress an L-methioninase with the aim of specifically depriving tumor tissues of methionine. The engineered microbes target solid tumors and induce a sharp regression in several very divergent animal models of human carcinomas, cause a significant decrease in tumor cell invasion, and essentially eliminate the growth and metastasis of these tumors. RNA sequencing analyses reveal that the engineered Salmonella reduce the expression of a series of genes promoting cell growth, cell migration, and invasion. These findings point to a potential treatment modality for many metastatic solid tumors, which warrants further tests in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunhao Lai
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Guangzhou Sinogen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zishen Shao
- Guangzhou Sinogen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Mo
- Guangzhou Sinogen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunping Mu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Liang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Ruan-Ruan Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sir Ruan-Ruan Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingming Qu
- Department of Thoracic and Heart Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Oncology, Sir Ruan-Ruan Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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3
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Ling B, Wei P, Xiao J, Cen B, Wei H, Feng X, Ye G, Li S, Zhang Z, Liang W, Huang S, Huang W. Nucleolar and spindle‑associated protein 1 promotes non‑small cell lung cancer progression and serves as an effector of myocyte enhancer factor 2D. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:1044-1058. [PMID: 33650655 PMCID: PMC7859992 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential oncogene, nucleolar and spindle‑associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. However, the role of NUSAP1 in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of NUSAP1 in NSCLC. NUSAP1 expression was measured in NSCLC tissues and cell lines via immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. NSCLC cell lines stably inhibiting NUSAP1 were established to investigate its effects on cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion, and on in vivo tumorigenicity. Additionally, the upstream and downstream mechanisms of NUSAP1 in regulating NSCLC progression were investigated. The results indicated that NUSAP1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. High NUSAP1 expression was associated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor patient survival, whereas knockdown of NUSAP1 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. Furthermore, downregulation of NUSAP1 decreased the growth of NSCLC xenografts in vivo. In addition, myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) directly targeted the NUSAP1 promoter, thereby enhancing the mRNA and protein expression levels of NUSAP1. Moreover, the results demonstrated that MEF2D expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and was positively correlated with NUSAP1 expression. MEF2D‑knockdown decreased NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. NUSAP1 upregulation reversed the effects of MEF2D‑knockdown on NSCLC progression. Furthermore, it was observed that MEF2D‑knockdown inhibited the accumulation and nuclear translocation of β‑catenin, thereby repressing the activation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in NSCLC cells, whereas NUSAP1 upregulation rescued the effects of MEF2D‑knockdown on the activation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the MEF2D/NUSAP1 signaling pathway promoted NSCLC progression by inducing the activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, and this novel mechanism may represent a potential treatment target for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ling
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi's College for The Study of Characteristic Medicine in Youjiang River Basin, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Pengya Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Bingkui Cen
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi's College for The Study of Characteristic Medicine in Youjiang River Basin, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi's College for The Study of Characteristic Medicine in Youjiang River Basin, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi's College for The Study of Characteristic Medicine in Youjiang River Basin, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Suoyi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi's College for The Study of Characteristic Medicine in Youjiang River Basin, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang W, Kadier A, Wang R, Zhang H, Yao X. O-GlcNAcylation Enhances NUSAP1 Stability and Promotes Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:445-454. [PMID: 33488099 PMCID: PMC7815093 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s258175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective NUSAPl and O-GlcNAcylation were reported to be hyper-activated in many kinds of cancers and involved in the advanced progression of cancers. In bladder cancer, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expresses in patients' urine samples, with no expression in healthy individuals, indicating O-GlcNAcylation might involve in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of O-GlcNAcylation in bladder cancer and if it can regulate NUSAP1 protein. Materials and Methods Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR were used to evaluate the protein expression and mRNA level of NUSAP1; CCK-8 and flow cytometry used to evaluate the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of bladder cancer. Results The results showed that NUSAP1 was highly expressed in bladder cancer cells and tissue samples. NUSAP1 up-regulation significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of bladder cancer HT-1376 and T24 cells. Besides, the expression of O-GlcNAc was elevated in bladder cancer tissues and cells, and up-regulation of O-GlcNAc with GlcNAc and PuGNAc obviously increased NUSAP1 protein expression and stability. Moreover, knockdown OGT significantly inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenesis and promoted the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells, confirmed by CCK-8, in vivo xenotransplantation, and flow cytometry, whereas these roles were impaired when NUSAP1 was up-regulated. Conclusion Overall, our study makes clear that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation accelerates bladder cancer progression through promotion of NUSAP1 expression and its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimaitiaji Kadier
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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5
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Guo H, Zou J, Zhou L, Zhong M, He Y, Huang S, Chen J, Li J, Xiong J, Fang Z, Xiang X. NUSAP1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Tumorigenesis and Progression by Stabilizing the YAP1 Protein. Front Oncol 2021; 10:591698. [PMID: 33489890 PMCID: PMC7817543 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein (YAP1) is a main effector of the canonical Hippo pathway, which contributes greatly to tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis in multiple cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Due to limited knowledge of YAP1 upregulation in cancer, it is a great challenge of therapeutic targets toward the Hippo-YAP1 pathway. Here, we identify nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) as a novel binding partner of YAP1. The upregulation of NUSAP1 is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in GC patients, and NUSAP1 depletion impairs its oncogenic properties in vitro and in a xenograft model. Mechanistically, we discovered that NUSAP1 functions as a positive regulator of YAP1 protein stability, thereby inducing the transcription of Hippo pathway downstream target genes, such as CTGF and CYR61. More interestingly, we find that the cancer-promoting effects of NUSAP1 on GC cell growth, migration, and invasion are mainly mediated by YAP1. Furthermore, aberrant expression of NUSAP1 and YAP1 is highly correlated in GC cell lines and tissues. We herein clarify the role of the oncogenic NUSAP1-YAP1 axis in GC tumorigenesis and progression and, therefore, provide novel therapeutic targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Zou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziling Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Surani AA, Colombo SL, Barlow G, Foulds GA, Montiel-Duarte C. Optimizing Cell Synchronization Using Nocodazole or Double Thymidine Block. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2329:111-121. [PMID: 34085219 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1538-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell synchronization is crucial when studying events that take place at specific points of the cell cycle. Several chemical agents can be used to achieve the cell culture synchronization but not all type of cells respond equally to a given concentration of these drugs. Here we describe a simple optimization method to select concentrations and timings for nocodazole or thymidine treatments using fluorescence staining. In addition, we provide detailed protocols to arrest an asynchronous culture of either suspension or adherent cells in G1/S or in G2/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif A Surani
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sergio L Colombo
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - George Barlow
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gemma A Foulds
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cristina Montiel-Duarte
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
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7
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Yu YC, Han JM, Kim S. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and amino acid signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118889. [PMID: 33091505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved housekeeping enzymes used for protein synthesis that have pivotal roles in the ligation of tRNA with their cognate amino acids. Recent advances in the structural and functional studies of ARSs have revealed many previously unknown biological functions beyond the classical catalytic roles. Sensing the sufficiency of intracellular nutrients such as amino acids, ATP, and fatty acids is a crucial aspect for every living organism, and it is closely connected to the regulation of diverse cellular physiologies. Notably, among ARSs, leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) has been identified to perform specifically as a leucine sensor upstream of the amino acid-sensing pathway and thus participates in the coordinated control of protein synthesis and autophagy for cell growth. In addition to LARS1, other types of ARSs are also likely involved in the sensing and signaling of their cognate amino acids inside cells. Collectively, this review focuses on the mechanisms of ARSs interacting within amino acid signaling and proposes the possible role of ARSs as general intracellular amino acid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chun Yu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea; Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, South Korea.
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8
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Yamamoto J, Miyake K, Han Q, Tan Y, Inubushi S, Sugisawa N, Higuchi T, Tashiro Y, Nishino H, Homma Y, Matsuyama R, Chawla SP, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase increases TRAIL receptor-2 expression to regress pancreatic cancer in combination with agonist tigatuzumab in an orthotopic mouse model. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:174-184. [PMID: 32739322 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methionine addiction is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer. Gene expression analysis showed that methionine restriction (MR) of methionine-addicted cancer cells increases TNF-related apoptosis-induced ligand receptor-2 (TRAIL-R2) expression. Here, we determined the effects of MR on TRAIL-R2 targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer by the TRAIL-R2 agonist tigatuzumab. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines were cultured in control or methionine-free medium. The effects of MR on TRAIL-R2 expression and sensitivity to tigatuzumab were evaluated in vitro. An orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model was established to evaluate the efficacy of MR using oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase), and the efficacy of tigatuzumab and their combination. MR enabled tigatuzumab-induced apoptosis, by increasing TRAIL-R2 expression in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. The protein expression level of the melanoma-associated antigen MAGED2, which reduces TRAIL-R2 expression, was decreased by MR. In the orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model, o-rMETase increased TRAIL-R2 expression level in the tumors and enabled the antitumor efficacy of tigatuzumab. MR, effected by o-rMETase, enabled the efficacy of the TRAIL-R2 agonist tigatuzumab by increasing TRAIL-R2 expression in pancreatic cancer. Our results suggest that o-rMETase has clinical potential for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Sachiko Inubushi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Tashiro
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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9
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Jin D, Jiao Y, Ji J, Jiang W, Ni W, Wu Y, Ni R, Lu C, Qu L, Ni H, Liu J, Xu W, Xiao M. Identification of prognostic risk factors for pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9301. [PMID: 32587798 PMCID: PMC7301898 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Currently, the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer remains unclear; thus, it is necessary to explore its precise molecular mechanisms. Methods To identify candidate genes involved in the tumorigenesis and proliferation of pancreatic cancer, the microarray datasets GSE32676, GSE15471 and GSE71989 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and nonmalignant samples were screened by GEO2R. The Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool was used to obtain a synthetic set of functional annotation information for the DEGs. A PPI network of the DEGs was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database, and a combination of more than 0.4 was considered statistically significant for the PPI. Subsequently, we visualized the PPI network using Cytoscape. Functional module analysis was then performed using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Genes with a degree ≥10 were chosen as hub genes, and pathways of the hub genes were visualized using ClueGO and CluePedia. Additionally, GenCLiP 2.0 was used to explore interactions of hub genes. The Literature Mining Gene Networks module was applied to explore the cocitation of hub genes. The Cytoscape plugin iRegulon was employed to analyze transcription factors regulating the hub genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of the 13 hub genes in pancreatic cancer tissues and normal samples were validated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) platform. Moreover, overall survival and disease-free survival analyses according to the expression of hub genes were performed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis in the cBioPortal online platform. The relationship between expression level and tumor grade was analyzed using the online database Oncomine. Lastly, the eight snap-frozen tumorous and adjacent noncancerous adjacent tissues of pancreatic cancer patients used to detect the CDK1 and CEP55 protein levels by western blot. Conclusions Altogether, the DEGs and hub genes identified in this work can help uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer and provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yujie Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenkai Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yingcheng Wu
- Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lishuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongbing Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Weisong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - MingBing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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10
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Park HR. Pancastatin A and B Have Selective Cytotoxicity on Glucose-Deprived PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:733-738. [PMID: 32482939 PMCID: PMC9728248 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucose deprivation and hypoxia frequently occur in solid tumor cells, including pancreatic cancer cells. Glucose deprivation activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and causes the upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Induction of GRP78 has been shown to protect cancer cells. Therefore, shutting down of GRP78 expression may be a novel strategy in anticancer drug development. Based on this understanding, a screening system established for anticancer agents that exhibit selective cytotoxicity on pancreatic cancer cells under glucose-deprived conditions. To test this hypothesis, the new compounds isolated, pancastatin A (PST-A) and B (PSTB), from Ponciri Fructus. PST-A and B were identified as glabretal triterpenoid moieties by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods. PST-A and B suppressed the accumulation of the UPR hallmark gene, GRP78, during glucose deprivation. Furthermore, PST-A and B showed selective cytotoxicity on PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells under glucose deprivation. Interestingly, PST-A and B had no effect on these cells under normal growth conditions. Our results suggest that PST-A and B act as novel therapeutic agents to induce selective cell death in glucose-deprived pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryong Park
- School of Bioconvergence, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhang W, Chen Q, Lei C. lncRNA MIAT promotes cell invasion and migration in esophageal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3267-3274. [PMID: 32266022 PMCID: PMC7132222 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve crucial roles in carcinogenesis. Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), originally isolated as a candidate gene for myocardial infarction, has been revealed to serve as an oncogene in chronic lymphocytic leukaemias and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. However, little is known about its expression pattern, biological function and underlying mechanism in esophageal cancer. Cell lines of esophageal cancer were used in the current study. The results of the present study revealed that MIAT knockdown decreased cell viability, migration, invasion and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Mechanistic assessment revealed that MIAT interacts with histone methyltransferase mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL). The relative proteins expressions were measured by western blotting assay. MIAT knockdown suppressed cell invasion and migration by regulation MMP-2/9 protein expressions. The results of the current study indicated that MIAT expression was associated with esophageal cancer and may serve as a critical target in the progression and metastasis in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Caipeng Lei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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12
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Chen Y, Zhang W, Kadier A, Zhang H, Yao X. MicroRNA-769-5p suppresses cell growth and migration via targeting NUSAP1 in bladder cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23193. [PMID: 31901150 PMCID: PMC7246360 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) has been identified to be strongly implicated in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma, breast cancer, and liver cancer, and shows a high expression level in bladder cancer, indicating that NUSAP1 might be a potent target for cancer treatment. Using bioinformatics methods, we found that NUSAP1 was a putative target of miR-769-5p. Here, we aimed to explore whether miR-769-5p is involved in bladder cancer progression via targeting NUSAP1. METHODS MiR-769-5p expression patterns in bladder cancer tissues and cells were detected by RT-PCR. Kaplan-Meier was used to determine the clinical effects of miR-769-5p expression levels on the overall survival of bladder cancer patients. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the binding sites between miR-769-5p and NUSAP1, which was verified by the luciferase gene reporter assay. CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell chamber experiments were performed to test cell growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion capacities. RESULTS miR-769-5p was lowly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cells, which was closely associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR-769-5p induced significant repressions in cell growth, migration, and invasion and caused an obvious increase in cell apoptosis, whereas these tendencies were reversed when NUSAP1 was upregulated. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that miR-769-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer via targeting NUSAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimaitiaji Kadier
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Song X, Du R, Gui H, Zhou M, Zhong W, Mao C, Ma J. Identification of potential hub genes related to the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:133-146. [PMID: 31746405 PMCID: PMC6908929 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among cancer patients. Genes correlated with the progression and prognosis of HCC are critically needed to be identified. In the present study, 3 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE46408, GSE65372 and GSE84402) were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and non-tumor liver tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to clarify the functional roles of DEGs. A protein-protein interaction network was established to screen the hub genes associated with HCC. The prognostic values of hub genes in HCC patients were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression levels of hub genes were validated based on ONCOMINE, TCGA and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Notably, 56 upregulated and 33 downregulated DEGs were markedly enriched under various GO terms and four KEGG terms. Among these DEGs, 10 hub genes with high connectivity degree were identified, including cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin B2, condensin complex subunit 3, PDZ binding kinase, nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1, aurora kinase A, ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 and kinesin family member 4A. The upregulated expression levels of these hub genes in HCC tissues were further confirmed by ONCOMINE, TCGA, and HPA databases. Additionally, the increased mRNA expression of each hub gene was related to the unfavorable disease-free survival and overall survival of HCC patients. The present study identified ten genes associated with HCC, which may help to provide candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudao Song
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Rao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Huan Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Chenmei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
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Guan C, Liu Z, Lu C, Xiao M, Shi H, Ni R, Bian Z. Nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1 promotes tumorigenesis and predicts poor prognosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11726-11737. [PMID: 30793360 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule binding protein, nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1), has a crucial function in mitosis and its expression is closely associated with carcinogenesis. Herein, we aimed to determine the function of NUSAP1 in the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the association of NUSAP1 expression with ESCC. Immunohistochemical staining of ESCC tissue sections indicated that NUSAP1 was expressed to a higher degree in tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. NUSAP1 levels were relevant closely to histological differentiation (P = 0.049). Overall survival was longer in patients with lower NUSAP1 levels ( P < 0.001). NUSAP1 expression ( P = 0.002), histological differentiation ( P < 0.001), tumor depth ( P = 0.045), lymph node metastases ( P < 0.001), and tumor-node-metastasis staging ( P = 0.008) were greatly associated with overall survival using univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis suggested that histological differentiation ( P = 0.014) and NUSAP1 expression ( P = 0.026) could be independent prognostic markers for ESCC. Additionally, the biological behavior of ESCC cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of NUSAP1 inhibited cellular proliferation and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. More importantly, knockdown of NUSAP1 led to inhibition of tumor formation in nude mice. These findings indicated that NUSAP1 is a potential prognostic biomarker in ESCC, and is an ESCC oncogene. Thus, NUSAP1 could represent a therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaolian Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Roy S, Hooiveld GJ, Seehawer M, Caruso S, Heinzmann F, Schneider AT, Frank AK, Cardenas DV, Sonntag R, Luedde M, Trautwein C, Stein I, Pikarsky E, Loosen S, Tacke F, Ringelhan M, Avsaroglu SK, Goga A, Buendia MA, Vucur M, Heikenwalder M, Zucman-Rossi J, Zender L, Roderburg C, Luedde T. microRNA 193a-5p Regulates Levels of Nucleolar- and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 to Suppress Hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1951-1966.e26. [PMID: 30165047 PMCID: PMC6279541 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We performed an integrated analysis to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with altered expression in liver tumors from 3 mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and human tumor tissues. METHODS We analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of liver tissues from mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, conditional expression of lymphotoxin alpha and lymphotoxin beta, or inducible expression of a Myc transgene (Tet-O-Myc mice), as well as male C57BL/6 mice (controls). miRNA mimics were expressed and miRNAs and mRNAs were knocked down in human (Huh7, Hep3B, JHH2) hepatoma cell lines; cells were analyzed for viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Cells were grown as xenograft tumors in nude mice and analyzed. We combined in silico target gene prediction with mRNA profiles from all 3 mouse models. We quantified miRNA levels in 146 fresh-frozen tissues from patients (125 HCCs, 17 matched nontumor tissues, and 4 liver samples from patients without cancer) and published human data sets and tested correlations with patient survival times using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Levels of NUSAP1 mRNA were quantified in 237 HCCs and 5 nontumor liver samples using the TaqMan assay. RESULTS Levels of the miRNA 193a-5p (MIR193A-5p) were reduced in liver tumors from all 3 mouse tumor models and in human HCC samples, compared with nontumor liver tissues. Expression of a MIR193A-5p mimic in hepatoma cells reduced proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion and their growth as xenograft tumors in nude mice. We found nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) to be a target of MIR193A-5p; HCC cells and tissues with low levels of MIR193A-5p had increased expression of NUSAP1. Increased levels of NUSAP1 in HCC samples correlated with shorter survival times of patients. Knockdown of NUSAP1 in Huh7 cells reduced proliferation, survival, migration, and growth as xenograft tumors in nude mice. Hydrodynamic tail-vein injections of a small hairpin RNA against NUSAP1 reduced growth of Akt1-Myc-induced tumors in mice. CONCLUSIONS MIR193A-5p appears to prevent liver tumorigenesis by reducing levels of NUSAP1. Levels of MIR193A-5p are reduced in mouse and human HCC cells and tissues, leading to increased levels of NUSAP1, associated with shorter survival times of patients. Integrated analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs in tumors from mouse models can lead to identification of therapeutic targets in humans. The currently reported miRNA and mRNA profiling data have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (super-series accession number GSE102418).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Roy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Guido J. Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Seehawer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Inserm UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, University Paris Descartes, University University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Florian Heinzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anna K. Frank
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | | | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Kiel, 25105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ilan Stein
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sven Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München
| | - Seda Kilinc Avsaroglu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- Inserm Unit U1193, University Paris-Sud, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, University Paris Descartes, University University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, Aachen Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany.
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Zhang X, Pan Y, Fu H, Zhang J. Nucleolar and Spindle Associated Protein 1 (NUSAP1) Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Enhances Susceptibility to Epirubicin In Invasive Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating Cyclin D Kinase (CDK1) and DLGAP5 Expression. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8553-8564. [PMID: 30476929 PMCID: PMC6278864 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of IBC were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) chip data: GSE21422 and GSE21974. Network analysis of the DEGs and IBC-related genes was performed in STRING database to find the core gene. Thus, this study aimed to determine the role of NUSAP1 in invasive breast cancer (IBC) and to investigate its effect on drug susceptibility to epirubicin (E-ADM). Material/Methods The mRNA expression of NUSAP1 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Cell growth and growth cycle were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were tested by Transwell assay. Results Through use of gene network analysis, we found that NUSAP1 interacts with IBC-related genes. NUSAP1 presented high expression in IBC tissue samples and MCF-7 cells. NUSAP1 overexpression promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells. While NUSAP1 gene silencing downregulated the expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression in G2/M phase, cyclin D kinase (CDK1) and DLGAP5 arrested cells in G2/M phase and significantly inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells. si-NUSAP1 increased the susceptibility of MCF-7 cells to E-ADM-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that downregulation of NUSAP1 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of IBC cells by regulating CDK1 and DLGAP5 expression and enhances the drug susceptibility to E-ADM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuliang Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Huiqun Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Prognostic value of NUSAP1 in progression and expansion of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:199-208. [PMID: 29995176 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein (NUSAP1) is a microtubule and chromatin-binding protein that stabilizes microtubules to prevent depolymerization, maintains spindle integrity. NUSAP1 could cross-link spindles into aster-like structures, networks and fibers. It has also been found to play roles in progression of several cancers. However, the potential correlation between NUSAP1 and clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains largely unknown. In the current study, we demonstrated that NUSAP1 was significantly up-regulated in GBM tissues compared with adult non-tumor brain tissues both in a validated cohort and a TCGA cohort. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high NUSAP1 expression had significantly lower OS (P = 0.0027). Additionally, in the TCGA cohort, NUSAP1 expression was relatively lower in GBM patients within the neural and mesenchymal subtypes compared to other subtypes, and associated with the status of several genetic aberrations such as PTEN deletion and wild type IDH1. The present study provides new insights and evidence that NUSAP1 over-expression was significantly correlated with progression and prognosis of GBM. Furthermore, knockdown of NUSAP1 revealed its regulation on G2/M progression and cell proliferation (both in vitro and in vivo). These data demonstrate that NUSAP1 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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18
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Choudhary I, Lee H, Pyo MJ, Heo Y, Chae J, Yum SS, Kang C, Kim E. Proteomic Investigation to Identify Anticancer Targets of Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish Venom in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E194. [PMID: 29748501 PMCID: PMC5983250 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemopilema nomurai is a giant jellyfish that blooms in East Asian seas. Recently, N. nomurai venom (NnV) was characterized from a toxicological and pharmacological point of view. A mild dose of NnV inhibits the growth of various kinds of cancer cells, mainly hepatic cancer cells. The present study aims to identify the potential therapeutic targets and mechanism of NnV in the growth inhibition of cancer cells. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with NnV, and its proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/MS). The quantity of twenty four proteins in NnV-treated HepG2 cells varied compared to non-treated control cells. Among them, the amounts of fourteen proteins decreased and ten proteins showed elevated levels. We also found that the amounts of several cancer biomarkers and oncoproteins, which usually increase in various types of cancer cells, decreased after NnV treatment. The representative proteins included proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), elongation factor 1γ (EF1γ), nucleolar and spindle-associated protein (NuSAP), and activator of 90 kDa heat shock protein ATPase homolog 1 (AHSA1). Western blotting also confirmed altered levels of PCNA, GRP78, and G6PD in NnV-treated HepG2 cells. In summary, the proteomic approach explains the mode of action of NnV as an anticancer agent. Further characterization of NnV may help to unveil novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Choudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Pyo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Yunwi Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jinho Chae
- Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory, Gunpo 15850, Korea.
| | - Seung Shic Yum
- South Sea Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Korea.
- Faculty of Marine Environmental Science, University of Science and technology (UST), Geoje 53201, Korea.
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Wu X, Xu B, Yang C, Wang W, Zhong D, Zhao Z, He L, Hu Y, Jiang L, Li J, Song L, Zhang W. Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 promotes the aggressiveness of astrocytoma by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:127. [PMID: 28899410 PMCID: PMC5596921 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of human astrocytoma is poor, and the molecular alterations underlying its pathogenesis still needed to be elucidated. Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) was observed in several types of cancers, but its role in astrocytoma remained unknown. METHODS The expression of NUSAP1 in astrocytoma cell lines and tissues were measured with western blotting and Real-Time PCR. Two hundred and twenty-one astrocytoma tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry to demonstrate the correlation between the NUSAP1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation, transwell matrix penetration assay, wound healing assay and anchorage-independent growth assay were used to investigate the biological effect of NUSAP1 in astrocytoma. An intracranial brain xenograft tumor model was used to confirm the oncogenic role of NUSAP1 in human astrocytoma. Luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the effect of NUSAP1 on Hedgehog signaling pathway. RESULTS NUSAP1 was markedly overexpressed in astrocytoma cell lines and tissues compared with normal astrocytes and brain tissues. NUSAP1 was found to be overexpressed in 152 of 221 (68.78%) astrocytoma tissues, and was significantly correlated to poor survival. Further, ectopic expression or knockdown of NUSAP1 significantly promoted or inhibited, respectively, the invasive ability of astrocytoma cells. Moreover, intracranial xenografts of astrocytoma cells engineered to express NUSAP1 were highly invasive compared with the parental cells. With regard to its molecular mechanism, upregulation of NUSAP1 in astrocytoma cells promoted the nuclear translocation of GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1) and upregulated the downstream genes of the Hedgehog pathway. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that NUSAP1 contributes to the progression of astrocytoma by enhancing tumor cell invasiveness via activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, and that NUSAP1 might be a potential prognostic biomarker as well as a target in astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Benke Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Yangtzeu University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Neurosurgical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dequan Zhong
- Neurosurgical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- Neurosurgical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Longshuang He
- Neurosurgical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanjun Hu
- Neurosurgical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neurosurgical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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20
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Gay F, Aguera K, Sénéchal K, Tainturier A, Berlier W, Maucort-Boulch D, Honnorat J, Horand F, Godfrin Y, Bourgeaux V. Methionine tumor starvation by erythrocyte-encapsulated methionine gamma-lyase activity controlled with per os vitamin B6. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1437-1452. [PMID: 28544589 PMCID: PMC5463067 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Erymet is a new therapy resulting from the encapsulation of a methionine gamma-lyase (MGL; EC number 4.4.1.11) in red blood cells (RBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate erymet potential efficacy in methionine (Met)-dependent cancers. We produced a highly purified MGL using a cGMP process, determined the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) properties of erymet in mice, and assessed its efficacy on tumor growth prevention. Cytotoxicity of purified MGL was tested in six cancer cell lines. CD1 mice were injected with single erymet product supplemented or not with vitamin B6 vitamer pyridoxine (PN; a precursor of PLP cofactor). NMRI nude mice were xenografted in the flank with U-87 MG-luc2 glioblastoma cells for tumor growth study following five intravenous (IV) injections of erymet with daily PN oral administration. Endpoints included efficacy and event-free survival (EFS). Finally, a repeated dose toxicity study of erymet combined with PN cofactor was conducted in CD1 mice. Recombinant MGL was cytotoxic on 4/6 cell lines tested. MGL half-life was increased from <24 h to 9-12 days when encapsulated in RBC. Conversion of PN into PLP by RBC was demonstrated. Combined erymet + PN treatment led to a sustained Met depletion in plasma for several days with a 85% reduction of tumor volume after 45 days following cells implantation, and a significant EFS prolongation for treated mice. Repeated injections in mice exhibited a very good tolerability with only minor impact on clinical state (piloerection, lean aspect) and a slight decrease in hemoglobin and triglyceride concentrations. This study demonstrated that encapsulation of methioninase inside erythrocyte greatly enhanced pharmacokinetics properties of the enzyme and is efficacy against tumor growth. The perspective on these results is the clinical evaluation of the erymet product in patients with Met starvation-sensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Delphine Maucort-Boulch
- Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Service de Neuro-oncologie, Hôpital neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Lyon, France
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21
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Khan MAA, Azim S, Zubair H, Bhardwaj A, Patel GK, Khushman M, Singh S, Singh AP. Molecular Drivers of Pancreatic Cancer Pathogenesis: Looking Inward to Move Forward. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040779. [PMID: 28383487 PMCID: PMC5412363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to rank among the most lethal cancers. The consistent increase in incidence and mortality has made it the seventh leading cause of cancer-associated deaths globally and the third in the United States. The biggest challenge in combating PC is our insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its complex biology. Studies during the last several years have helped identify several putative factors and events, both genetic and epigenetic, as well as some deregulated signaling pathways, with implications in PC onset and progression. In this review article, we make an effort to summarize our current understanding of molecular and cellular events involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic malignancy. Specifically, we provide up-to-date information on the genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during the initiation and progression of PC and their functional involvement in the pathogenic processes. We also discuss the impact of the tumor microenvironment on the molecular landscape of PC and its role in aggressive disease progression. It is envisioned that a better understanding of these molecular factors and the mechanisms of their actions can help unravel novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and can also be exploited for future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Moh'd Khushman
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
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22
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Moazzeni H, Akbari MT, Yazdani S, Elahi E. Expression of CXCL6 and BBS5 that may be glaucoma relevant genes is regulated by PITX2. Gene 2016; 593:76-83. [PMID: 27520585 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor PITX2 is implicated in glaucoma pathology. In an earlier study we had used microarray analysis to identify genes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) that are affected by knock down of PITX2. Here, those studies were pursued to identify genes that are direct targets of PITX2 and that may be relevant to glaucoma. Initially, bioinformatics tools were used to select among the genes that had been affected by PITX2 knock down those that have PITX2 binding sites and that may be involved in glaucoma related functions. Subsequently, the effect of PITX2 was tested using the dual luciferase assay in four cell cultures including two primary TM cultures co-transfected with vectors containing promoter fragments of six candidate genes upstream of a luciferase gene and a vector that expressed PITX2. Finally, the effect of PITX2 on endogenous expression of two genes was assessed by over expression and knock down of PITX2 in TM cells. Thirty four genes were found to contain PITX2 binding sites in their putative promoter regions, and 16 were found to be associated with TM-specific and/or glaucoma associated functions. Results of dual luciferase assays confirmed that two of six genes tested were directly targeted by PITX2. The two genes were CXCL6 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6) and BBS5 (Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5). Over expression and knock down of PITX2 showed that this transcription factor affects endogenous expression of these two genes in TM cells. CXCL6 encodes a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and many studies have suggested that cytokines and other immune system functions are involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. BBS5 is a member of the BBS family of genes that affect ciliary functions, and ciliary bodies in the anterior chamber of the eye produce the aqueous fluid that affects intraocular pressure. Immune related functions and intraocular pressure are both important components of glaucoma pathology. The role of PITX2 in glaucoma may be mediated partly by regulating the expression of CXCL6 and BBS5 and thus affecting immune functions and intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moazzeni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box. 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Akbari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box. 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahin Yazdani
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Fang L, Zhang M, Chen L, Xiong H, Ge Y, Lu W, Wu X, Heng B, Yu D, Wu S. Downregulation of nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 expression suppresses cell migration, proliferation and invasion in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1506-16. [PMID: 27461786 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is a microtubule-binding protein that plays an essential role in mitosis and cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that NUSAP1 expression is relatively elevated in several malignancies. However, the biological roles of NUSAP1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unknown. In the present study, we firstly performed reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis to reveal that the expression of NUSAP1 was relatively elevated in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissue specimens and RCC cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that upregulation of NUSAP1 was significantly correlated with Fuhrman grade (P<0.001), tumor size (P=0.016), clinical stage (P<0.001) and distant metastasis (P=0.023). Additionally, high expression of NUSAP1 was closely associated with a shorter overall survival time of the ccRCC patients (P=0.006). Furthermore, we investigated the biological behaviors of RCC cells in vitro, and we identified that NUSAP1 depletion inhibited RCC cell migration, proliferation and invasion, and apoptosis was induced and the cell cycle was arrested. On the basis of our studies, NUSAP1 was identified as a potential prognostic indicator and a novel therapeutic target for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hu Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Ge
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Baoli Heng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518037, P.R. China
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24
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Long J, Liu Z, Wu X, Xu Y, Ge C. Screening for genes and subnetworks associated with pancreatic cancer based on the gene expression profile. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3779-86. [PMID: 27035224 PMCID: PMC4838159 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen for potential genes and subnetworks associated with pancreatic cancer (PC) using the gene expression profile. The expression profile GSE 16515 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 36 PC tissue samples and 16 normal samples. Limma package in R language was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were grouped as up‑ and downregulated genes. Then, PFSNet was applied to perform subnetwork analysis for all the DEGs. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis of up‑ and downregulated genes was performed, followed by protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network construction using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. In total, 1,989 DEGs including 1,461 up‑ and 528 downregulated genes were screened out. Subnetworks including pancreatic cancer in PC tissue samples and intercellular adhesion in normal samples were identified, respectively. A total of 8 significant REACTOME pathways for upregulated DEGs, such as hemostasis and cell cycle, mitotic were identified. Moreover, 4 significant REACTOME pathways for downregulated DEGs, including regulation of β‑cell development and transmembrane transport of small molecules were screened out. Additionally, DEGs with high connectivity degrees, such as CCNA2 (cyclin A2) and PBK (PDZ binding kinase), of the module in the protein‑protein interaction network were mainly enriched with cell‑division cycle. CCNA2 and PBK of the module and their relative pathway cell‑division cycle, and two subnetworks (pancreatic cancer and intercellular adhesion subnetworks) may be pivotal for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Long
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xingda Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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25
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Li C, Xue C, Yang Q, Low BC, Liou YC. NuSAP governs chromosome oscillation by facilitating the Kid-generated polar ejection force. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10597. [PMID: 26839278 PMCID: PMC4742958 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate cells, chromosomes oscillate to align precisely during metaphase. NuSAP, a microtubule-associated protein, plays a critical role in stabilizing spindle microtubules. In this study, we utilize 3D time-lapse live-cell imaging to monitor the role of NuSAP in chromosome oscillation and identify NuSAP as a novel regulator of the chromokinesin, Kid. Depletion of NuSAP significantly suppresses the amplitude and velocity of chromosome oscillation. We analyse the effects of NuSAP and Kid depletion in monopolar and bipolar cells with or without kinetochore microtubule depletion. Twelve postulated conditions are deciphered to reveal the contribution of NuSAP to the polar force generated at kinetochore microtubules and to the regulation of the polar ejection force generated by Kid, thus revealing a pivotal role of NuSAP in chromosome oscillation. During metaphase, alignment of chromosomes is facilitated by oscillations driven by the chromokinesin Kid. Here Li et al. show that the microtubule-associated protein NuSAP is a novel regulator of Kid, regulating the amplitude and velocity of chromosome oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Republic of Singapore
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26
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Li C, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Ye F, Sun SY, Chen ES, Liou YC. NuSAP modulates the dynamics of kinetochore microtubules by attenuating MCAK depolymerisation activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18773. [PMID: 26733216 PMCID: PMC4702128 DOI: 10.1038/srep18773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein (NuSAP) is a microtubule-associated protein that functions as a microtubule stabiliser. Depletion of NuSAP leads to severe mitotic defects, however the mechanism by which NuSAP regulates mitosis remains elusive. In this study, we identify the microtubule depolymeriser, mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), as a novel binding partner of NuSAP. We show that NuSAP regulates the dynamics and depolymerisation activity of MCAK. Phosphorylation of MCAK by Aurora B kinase, a component of the chromosomal passenger complex, significantly enhances the interaction of NuSAP with MCAK and modulates the effects of NuSAP on the depolymerisation activity of MCAK. Our results reveal an underlying mechanism by which NuSAP controls kinetochore microtubule dynamics spatially and temporally by modulating the depolymerisation function of MCAK in an Aurora B kinase-dependent manner. Hence, this study provides new insights into the function of NuSAP in spindle formation during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Stella Ying Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Republic of Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Republic of Singapore
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27
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Okamoto A, Higo M, Shiiba M, Nakashima D, Koyama T, Miyamoto I, Kasama H, Kasamatsu A, Ogawara K, Yokoe H, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Down-Regulation of Nucleolar and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NUSAP1) Expression Suppresses Tumor and Cell Proliferation and Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect of Paclitaxel in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142252. [PMID: 26554377 PMCID: PMC4640814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is an important mitotic regulator. In addition to its crucial function in mitosis, NUSAP1 has recently received attention due to the interesting roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to reveal functional mechanisms of NUSAP1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods mRNA and protein expression levels of NUSAP1 in 9 OSCC-derived cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting analyses. The correlation between the NUSAP1 expression profile and the clinicopathological factors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical OSCC samples (n = 70). The NUSAP1 knockdown cells were established with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in OSCC cells, and functional assays were performed using these cells. In addition to the evaluation of cellular proliferation and cell cycle, we also investigated the potential role of NUSAP1 in paclitaxel (PTX)-induced cellular responses. Results mRNA and protein expression of NUSAP1 were significantly up-regulated in OSCC-derived cells compared with human normal oral keratinocytes (P < 0.05). IHC revealed that NUSAP-1 expression is closely associated with primary advanced T stage (P<0.05). Suppression of NUSAP1 expression levels led to significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of cellular proliferation. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by PTX was enhanced in NUSAP1 knockdown OSCC cells. Conclusions NUSAP1 may be a crucial biomarker for OSCC. Moreover, down-regulated NUSAP1 expression suppresses tumor proliferation and also enhances anti-tumor effect of PTX by activating apoptotic pathways. Thus, the present study strongly suggests that regulating NUSAP1 expression should contribute to the therapy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higo
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Koyama
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kasama
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ogawara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Institute, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Quan M, Cui J, Xia T, Jia Z, Xie D, Wei D, Huang S, Huang Q, Zheng S, Xie K. Merlin/NF2 Suppresses Pancreatic Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Attenuating the FOXM1-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4778-4789. [PMID: 26483206 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Merlin, the protein encoded by the NF2 gene, is a member of the band 4.1 family of cytoskeleton-associated proteins and functions as a tumor suppressor for many types of cancer. However, the roles and mechanism of Merlin expression in pancreatic cancer have remained unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of Merlin expression on pancreatic cancer development and progression using human tissue specimens, cell lines, and animal models. Decreased expression of Merlin was pronounced in human pancreatic tumors and cancer cell lines. Functional analysis revealed that restored expression of Merlin inhibited pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Merlin suppressed the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream genes and the nuclear expression of β-catenin protein, and overexpression of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) attenuated the suppressive effect of Merlin on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mechanistically, Merlin decreased the stability of FOXM1 protein, which plays critical roles in nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Merlin critically regulated pancreatic cancer pathogenesis by suppressing FOXM1/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that targeting novel Merlin/FOXM1/β-catenin signaling is an effective therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Quan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Pathology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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29
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Wang J, Zhou L, Li Z, Zhang T, Liu W, Liu Z, Yuan YC, Su F, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xu H, Hua Y, Wang YJ, Zheng L, Teng YE, Shen B. YY1 suppresses FEN1 over-expression and drug resistance in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:50. [PMID: 25885449 PMCID: PMC4348373 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapeutics. Abundant evidence indicates that DNA repair systems are enhanced after repetitive chemotherapeutic treatments, rendering cancers cells drug-resistant. Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) plays critical roles in DNA replication and repair and in counteracting replication stress, which is a key mechanism for many chemotherapeutic drugs to kill cancer cells. FEN1 was previously shown to be upregulated in response to DNA damaging agents. However, it is unclear about the transcription factors that regulate FEN1 expression in human cancer. More importantly, it is unknown whether up-regulation of FEN1 has an adverse impact on the prognosis of chemotherapeutic treatments of human cancers. Methods To reveal regulation mechanism of FEN1 expression, we search and identify FEN1 transcription factors or repressors and investigate their function on FEN1 expression by using a combination of biochemical, molecular, and cellular approaches. Furthermore, to gain insights into the impact of FEN1 levels on the response of human cancer to therapeutic treatments, we determine FEN1 levels in human breast cancer specimens and correlate them to the response to treatments and the survivorship of corresponding breast cancer patients. Results We observe that FEN1 is significantly up-regulated upon treatment of chemotherapeutic drugs such as mitomycin C (MMC) and Taxol in breast cancer cells. We identify that the transcription factor/repressor YY1 binds to the FEN1 promoter and suppresses the expression of FEN1 gene. In response to the drug treatments, YY1 is dissociated from the FEN1 promoter region leading over-expression of FEN1. Overexpression of YY1 in the cells results in down-regulation of FEN1 and sensitization of the cancer cells to MMC or taxol. Furthermore, we observe that the level of FEN1 is inversely correlated with cancer drug and radiation resistance and with survivorship in breast cancer patients. Conclusion Altogether, our current data indicate that YY1 is a transcription repressor of FEN1 regulating FEN1 levels in response to DNA damaging agents. FEN1 is up-regulated in human breast cancer and its levels inversely correlated with cancer drug and radiation resistance and with survivorship in breast cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1043-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lina Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Departments of Radiation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California, 91010, USA.
| | - Zhi Li
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Departments of Radiation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California, 91010, USA.
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Departments of Radiation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California, 91010, USA.
| | - Fan Su
- Departments of Radiation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California, 91010, USA.
| | - Lu Xu
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Xiaotong Zhou
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuejin Hua
- College of Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Departments of Radiation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California, 91010, USA.
| | - Yue-E Teng
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Binghui Shen
- Departments of Radiation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California, 91010, USA.
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Naushad SM, Reddy CA, Kumaraswami K, Divyya S, Kotamraju S, Gottumukkala SR, Digumarti RR, Kutala VK. Impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on breast cancer initiation and progression: epigenetic perspective. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 68:397-406. [PMID: 23934182 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study showing association of hyperhomocysteinemia and hypomethioninemia in breast cancer and other studies indicating association of hyperhomocysteinemia with metastasis and development of drug resistance in breast cancer cells treated with homocysteine lead us to hypothesize that homocysteine might modulate the expression of certain tumor suppressors, i.e., RASSF1, RARβ1, CNND1, BRCA1, and p21, and might influence prognostic markers such as BNIP3 by inducing epigenetic alteration. To demonstrate this hypothesis, we have treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with different doses of homocysteine and observed dose-dependent inhibition of BRCA1 and RASSF1, respectively. In breast cancer tissues, we observed the following expression pattern: BNIP3 > BRCA1 > RARβ1 > CCND1 > p21 > RASSF1. Hyperhomocysteinemia was positively associated with BRAC1 hypermethylation both in breast cancer tissue and corresponding peripheral blood. Peripheral blood CpG island methylation of BRCA1 in all types of breast cancer and methylation of RASSF1 in ER/PR-negative breast cancers showed positive correlation with total plasma homocysteine. The methylation of RASSF1 and BRCA1 was associated with breast cancer initiation as well as progression, while BRCA1 methylation was associated with DNA damage. Vitamin B12 showed inverse association with the methylation at both the loci. RFC1 G80A and cSHMT C1420T variants showed positive association with methylation at both the loci. Genetic variants influencing remethylation step were associated positively with BRCA1 methylation and inversely with RASSF1 methylation. GCPII C1561T variant showed inverse association with BRCA1 methylation. We found good correlation of BRAC1 (r = 0.90) and RASSF1 (0.92) methylation pattern between the breast cancer tissue and the corresponding peripheral blood. To conclude, elevated homocysteine influences methionine dependency phenotype of breast cancer cells and is associated with breast cancer progression by epigenetic modulation of RASSF1 and BRCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kotian S, Banerjee T, Lockhart A, Huang K, Catalyurek UV, Parvin JD. NUSAP1 influences the DNA damage response by controlling BRCA1 protein levels. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:533-43. [PMID: 24521615 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NUSAP1 has been reported to function in mitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and regulation of cytokinesis. In this study, we find that NUSAP1 has hitherto unknown functions in the key BRCA1-regulated pathways of double strand DNA break repair and centrosome duplication. Both these pathways are important for maintenance of genomic stability, and any defects in these pathways can cause tumorigenesis. Depletion of NUSAP1 from cells led to the suppression of double strand DNA break repair via the homologous recombination and single-strand annealing pathways. The presence of NUSAP1 was also found to be important for the control of centrosome numbers. We have found evidence that NUSAP1 plays a role in these processes through regulation of BRCA1 protein levels, and BRCA1 overexpression from a plasmid mitigates the defective phenotypes seen upon NUSAP1 depletion. We found that after NUSAP1 depletion there is a decrease in BRCA1 recruitment to ionizing radiation-induced foci. Results from this study reveal a novel association between BRCA1 and NUSAP1 and suggests a mechanism whereby NUSAP1 is involved in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kotian
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Tapahsama Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Ainsley Lockhart
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Umit V Catalyurek
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jeffrey D Parvin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
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Fridley BL, Abo R, Tan XL, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Moyer AM, Biernacka JM, Wang L. Integrative gene set analysis: application to platinum pharmacogenomics. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:34-41. [PMID: 24199607 PMCID: PMC3903166 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrative genomics has the potential to uncover relevant loci, as clinical outcome and response to chemotherapies are most likely not due to a single gene (or data type) but rather a complex relationship involving genetic variation, mRNA, DNA methylation, and copy number variation. In addition to this complexity, many complex phenotypes are thought to be controlled by the interplay of multiple genes within the same molecular pathway or gene set (GS). To address these two challenges, we propose an integrative gene set analysis approach and apply this strategy to a cisplatin (CDDP) pharmacogenomics study involving lymphoblastoid cell lines for which genome-wide SNP and mRNA expression data was collected. Application of the integrative GS analysis implicated the role of the RNA binding and cytoskeletal part GSs. The genes LMNB1 and CENPF, within the cytoskeletal part GS, were functionally validated with siRNA knockdown experiments, where the knockdown of LMNB1 and CENPF resulted in CDDP resistance in multiple cancer cell lines. This study demonstrates the utility of an integrative GS analysis strategy for detecting novel genes associated with response to cancer therapies, moving closer to tailored therapy decisions for cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genome, Human
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Lamin Type B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lamin Type B/genetics
- Lamin Type B/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Multigene Family
- Pharmacogenetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Transcriptome/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ryan Abo
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiang-Lin Tan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory D. Jenkins
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ann M. Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Gatta V, D'Aurora M, Lanuti P, Pierdomenico L, Sperduti S, Palka G, Gesi M, Marchisio M, Miscia S, Stuppia L. Gene expression modifications in Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells promoted by prolonged in vitro culturing. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:635. [PMID: 24053474 PMCID: PMC3849041 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that the umbilical cord matrix, represented by the Wharton's Jelly (WJ), contains a great number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), characterized by the expression of specific MSCs markers, shared by both human and animal models. The easy access to massive WJ amount makes it an attractive source of MSCs for cell-based therapies. However, as in other stem cell models, a deeper investigation of WJ-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) biological properties, probably modulated by their prolonged expansion and fast growth abilities, is required before their use in clinical settings. In this context, in order to analyze specific gene expression modifications occurring in WJ-MSCs, along with their culture prolongation, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of WJ-MSCs after 4 and 12 passages of in vitro expansion by microarray analysis. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis of the data set originated from a total of 6 experiments revealed that in vitro expansion of WJ-MSCs up to 12 passages promote selective over-expression of 157 genes and down-regulation of 440 genes compared to the 4th passage. IPA software analysis of the biological functions related to the identified sets of genes disclosed several transcripts related to inflammatory and cell stress response, cell proliferation and maturation, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these modifications may lead to an impairment of both cell expansion ability and resistance to apoptosis, two hallmarks of aging cells. In conclusion, results provided by the present study suggest the need to develop novel culture protocols able to preserve stem cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gatta
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G, d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
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Graziosi L, Mencarelli A, Renga B, D'Amore C, Bruno A, Santorelli C, Cavazzoni E, Cantarella F, Rosati E, Donini A, Fiorucci S. Epigenetic modulation by methionine deficiency attenuates the potential for gastric cancer cell dissemination. J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 17:39-49; discussion p. 49. [PMID: 22948834 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-012-1996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methionine dependency occurs frequently in tumor cells. Here we have investigated the effect of methionine deficiency on metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Model of peritoneal carcinomatosis and xenograft was generated by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous implantation of gastric cancer cells in NOD-SCID mice. In comparison to control medium, 3-day culture of MKN45, MKN74, and KATOIII cells in a methionine-deficient medium inhibited cell proliferation, increased the rate of cell apoptosis, and reduced cell adhesion and migration. In the xenograft model induced by implantation of MNK45 and MNK74 cells, two cycles of methionine-deficient diet reduced the tumor growth. Further on, a 10-day cycle of methionine-deficient diet reduced the number of peritoneal nodules in the model of peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by MKN45 cells injection. Finally, a microarray analysis of the methylation of promoter CpG islets demonstrated that methionine deficiency reduced the promoter methylation of E-cadherin whose expression was markedly increased in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In summary, we have provided evidence that a methionine-deficient diet modulates the growth of gastric tumor cells and in vitro deficiency of methionine increased apoptosis and decreased cellular adhesion and migration associated to epigenetic change of E-cadherin gene, in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Graziosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Radiologiche e Odontostomatologiche, Nuova Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sant' Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06132, Italy
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ZHOU LU, PARK BYUNGHYUN, PARK JONGHYUK, JANG KYUYUN, PARK HOSUNG, WAGLE SAJEEV, LEE KWANGBOK, KIM JUNGRYUL. Overexpression of the prolyl isomerase PIN1 promotes cell growth in osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:193-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Iyer J, Moghe S, Furukawa M, Tsai MY. What's Nu(SAP) in mitosis and cancer? Cell Signal 2011; 23:991-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Olaharski AJ, Albertini S, Mueller L, Zeller A, Struwe M, Gocke E, Kolaja K. GADD45α induction in the GreenScreen HC indicator assay does not occur independently of cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:28-34. [PMID: 20839224 DOI: 10.1002/em.20565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian chromosomal integrity assays are influenced by cytotoxicity, a phenomenon which impacts data interpretation, assay specificity, and regulatory testing guidelines. Concordance of the GADD45α GreenScreen HC indicator assay to established in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicological assays has previously been described, yet a detailed description in the manner by which cytotoxicity influences its performance has not. Here we present a post-hoc analysis of a previously tested set of 91 proprietary and nonproprietary compounds investigating the influence of cytotoxicity on GADD45α induction and how varying assay cutoff criteria impacts assay performance. Significant cytotoxicity was identified to accompany the majority (72%) of compounds classified as genotoxic by GADD45α induction. Decreasing the GADD45α genotoxic induction criteria (from a 50 to a 30% increase over solvent controls) resulted in an increased assay sensitivity (from 30 to 68%) and concordance (from 55 to 68%), though a concomitant decrease in specificity was also observed (from 97 to 68%). We conclude that GADD45α induction in the GreenScreen HC indicator assay is influenced by cytotoxicity and that assay performance can be improved if different cutoff criteria are implemented.
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Nie J, Wang H, He F, Huang H. Nusap1 is essential for neural crest cell migration in zebrafish. Protein Cell 2010; 1:259-66. [PMID: 21203972 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules play important roles in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation to maintain normal cell cycle progression. A number of microtubule-associated proteins have been identified in epithelial and neural cell cultures; however, their physiological significance is not well characterized due to the lack of appropriate in vivo animal models. Nucleolar spindle-associated protein (NuSAP) is a microtubule-binding protein and is reported to be involved in mitosis by cell culture studies. In this report, we identified the zebrafish homologue of human NuSAP and investigated its expression profile and functions. Using in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that transcripts of zebrafish nusap1 are specifically expressed in the retina, forebrain, hindbrain and neural crest. When the in vivo expression of nusap1 was knocked down through antisense oligonucleotide morpholino technology, the morphants of nusap1 showed impaired morphogenesis in the trunk and yolk extension, implying the involvement of Nusap1 in cell migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that nusap1 morphants have an altered expression pattern of neural crest markers crestin and sox9b, but normal expression of blood vessel and notochord markers gata1 and shh. In addition, nusap1 mRNA injection caused serious apoptosis in retina and hindbrain tissue, and these phenotypes can be rescued by co-injection of morpholino against nusap1. These observations not only suggest a role for Nusap1 in connecting apoptosis with cell migration, but also provide strong evidences that Nusap1 is potentially involved in morphogenesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Biology Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Guénin S, Morvan D, Thivat E, Stepien G, Demidem A. Combined methionine deprivation and chloroethylnitrosourea have time-dependent therapeutic synergy on melanoma tumors that NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics explains by methionine and phospholipid metabolism reprogramming. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:518-29. [PMID: 19838924 DOI: 10.1080/01635580902803727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) deprivation stress (MDS) is proposed in association with chemotherapy in the treatment of some cancers. A synergistic effect of this combination is generally acknowledged. However, little is known on the mechanism of the response to this therapeutic strategy. A model of B16 melanoma tumor in vivo was treated by MDS alone and in combination with chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU). It was applied recent developments in proton-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics for providing information on the metabolic response of tumors to MDS and combination with chemotherapy. MDS inhibited tumor growth during the deprivation period and growth resumption thereafter. The combination of MDS with CENU induced an effective time-dependent synergy on growth inhibition. Metabolite profiling during MDS showed a decreased Met content (P < 0.01) despite the preservation of the protein content, disorders in sulfur-containing amino acids, glutamine/proline, and phospholipid metabolism [increase of glycerophosphorylcholine (P < 0.01), decrease in phosphocholine (P < 0.05)]. The metabolic profile of MDS combined with CENU and ANOVA analysis revealed the implication of Met and phospholipid metabolism in the observed synergy, which may be interpreted as a Met-sparing metabolic reprogramming of tumors. It follows that combination therapy of MDS with CENU seems to intensify adaptive processes, which may set limitations to this therapeutic strategy.
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Selective cytotoxicity of Ponciri Fructus against glucose-deprived PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells via blocking activation of GRP78. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:2167-71. [PMID: 19809193 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells are sometimes exposed to stressful microenvironments such as glucose deprivation, hypoxia, and starvation of other nutrients. These stresses, which are characteristic of poorly vascularized solid tumors, activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is a stress-signaling pathway present in tumor cells that is associated with molecular chaperone GRP78. Induction of GRP78 has been found to increase cell survival and decrease apoptotic potential through genetic alterations. Thus GRP78 may represent a novel target in the development of anticancer drugs. Here we established a novel screening program to identify chaperone modulators that exhibit preferential cytotoxic activity in glucose-deprived pancreatic cancer cells. During the course of our screening, we isolated an active substance, Ponciri Fructus (PF), from an herbal medicine source and identified it as a down-regulator of GRP78. As expected, PF inhibited expression of the GRP78 protein under glucose-deprivation conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it induced selective cytotoxicity against glucose-deprived cancer cells; this effect was not observed under normal growth conditions. We also detected apoptotic bodies on Hoechst staining and attempted to determine whether PF-induced apoptosis involved caspase-3 activation. Our results suggest that the GRP78-inhibitory action of PF was dependent on strict hypoglycemic conditions and that it resulted in the selective death of glucose-deprived pancreatic cancer cells.
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Konduri SD, Ticku J, Bobustuc GC, Sutphin RM, Colon J, Isley B, Bhakat KK, Srivenugopal KS, Kalkunte SS, Baker CH. Blockade of MGMT expression by O6 benzyl guanine leads to inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth and induction of apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6087-95. [PMID: 19789303 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine whether administration of a MGMT blocker, O(6)-benzyl guanine (O(6)BG), at an optimal biological dose alone or in combination with gemcitabine inhibits human pancreatic cancer cell growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human pancreatic cancer L3.6pl and PANC1 cells were treated with O(6)BG, either alone or in combination with gemcitabine, and the therapeutic efficacy and biological activity of these drug combinations were investigated. RESULTS O(6)BG sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Protein and mRNA expression of MGMT, cyclin B1, cyclin B2, cyclin A, and ki-67 were significantly decreased in the presence of O(6)BG. In sharp contrast, protein expression and mRNA message of p21(cip1) were significantly increased. Interestingly, O(6)BG increases p53-mediated p21(cip1) transcriptional activity and suppresses cyclin B1. In addition, our results indicate that p53 is recruited to p21 promoter. Furthermore, an increase in p21(cip1) and a decrease in cyclin transcription are p53 dependent. The volume of pancreatic tumors was reduced by 27% in mice treated with gemcitabine alone, by 47% in those treated with O(6)BG alone, and by 65% in those mice given combination. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that O(6)BG inhibited expression of MGMT and cyclins, and increased expression of p21(cip1). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in tumor cell proliferation and an increase in tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results show that decreased MGMT expression is correlated with p53 activation, and significantly reduced primary pancreatic tumor growth. These findings suggest that O(6)BG either alone or in combination with gemcitabine may provide a novel and effective approach for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi D Konduri
- Cancer Research Institute, M D Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida 32806, USA.
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Gaglio D, Soldati C, Vanoni M, Alberghina L, Chiaradonna F. Glutamine deprivation induces abortive s-phase rescued by deoxyribonucleotides in k-ras transformed fibroblasts. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4715. [PMID: 19262748 PMCID: PMC2650790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogene activation plays a role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. We have previously shown that K-ras transformed fibroblasts have a stronger dependence on glycolysis and a reduced oxidative phosphorylation ability as compared to their normal counterparts. Another metabolic adaptation of cancer cells, that has long been established, is their propensity to exhibit increased glutamine consumption, although the effects induced by glutamine deprivation on cancer cells are still controversial. Methodology and Principal Findings Here, by using nutritional perturbations and molecular physiology, we show that reduction or complete depletion of glutamine availability in K-ras transformed fibroblasts causes a strong decrease of proliferation ability and a slower re-entry of synchronized cells into the cell cycle. The reduced proliferation is accompanied by sustained expression of cyclin D and E, abortive S phase entrance and is dependent on Ras signalling deregulation, since it is rescued by expression of a dominant negative guanine nucleotide exchange factor. The growth potential of transformed cells as well as the ability to execute the G1 to S transition is restored by adding the four deoxyribonucleotides, indicating that the arrest of proliferation of K-ras transformed cells induced by glutamine depletion is largely due to a reduced supply of DNA in the presence of signalling pathways promoting G1 to S transition. Conclusions and Significance Our results suggest that the differential effects of glutamine and glucose on cell viability are not a property of the transformed phenotype per se, but rather depend on the specific pathway being activated in transformation. For instance, myc-overexpressing cells have been reported to die under glutamine depletion and not under glucose shortage, while the opposite holds for ras-transformed fibroblasts as shown in this paper. These different responses of transformed cells to nutritional stress should be taken into account when designing anti-cancer therapies that aim to exploit metabolic differences between normal and transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gaglio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Cipollone D, Carsetti R, Tagliani A, Rosado MM, Borgiani P, Novelli G, D'Amati G, Fumagalli L, Marino B, Businaro R. Folic acid and methionine in the prevention of teratogen-induced congenital defects in mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2008; 18:100-9. [PMID: 18417366 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periconceptional supplementation with multivitamins containing folic acid reduces the risk of congenital malformations. We have previously investigated the effect on the murine development of a multiple retinoic acid competitive antagonist, Bristol-Myers-Squibb 189453, showing that treated fetuses were affected with heart defects, thymus aplasia or hypoplasia, and severe anomalies of the central nervous system. Hereby, we analyzed the effects of nutritive therapy involving folic acid and methionine on teratogen-induced congenital defects in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 132 outbred CD1 litters were studied. Pregnant mice were divided into four experimental groups, and an oral supplementation of H(2)O or folic acid, or methionine, or folic acid+methionine was administered from 0.5 days postcoitum until the end of pregnancy. At 7.5 days postcoitum, mice from all these groups were administered Bristol-Myers-Squibb 189453 to induce the teratogenic effect. At the end of pregnancy, fetuses were dissected and tissues were analyzed by histology and flow cytometric assays. RESULTS Folic acid reduces congenital heart diseases from 81.3% to 64.8%, neural tube defects from 20.3% to 3.7%, and thymus abnormalities from 98.4% to 27.8%, restoring a normal number of differentiated thymus cells. Methionine is less effective in contrasting congenital heart diseases and neural tube defects, and induces thymus cell proliferation but not differentiation. Folic acid+methionine weakly reduce congenital heart diseases and neural tube defects, but consistently reduce the incidence of fetuses affected with thymus pathologies from 98.4% to 67.7%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that folic acid and methionine periconceptional supplementations may influence the incidence of congenital defects and may probably induce negative selection of embryos presenting developmental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Cipollone
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that can alter the conformation of phosphoproteins and so affect protein function and/or stability. PIN1 regulates a number of proteins important for cell-cycle progression and, based on gain- and loss-of-function studies, is presumed to operate as a molecular timer of this important process. Therefore, it seems logical that alterations in the level of PIN1 can influence hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer. However, the precise role of PIN1 in cancer remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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Xin L, Cao WX, Fei XF, Wang Y, Liu WT, Liu BY, Zhu ZG. Applying proteomic methodologies to analyze the effect of methionine restriction on proliferation of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 377:206-12. [PMID: 17116298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine dependence is a feature unique to cancer cells, exhibited as inability to grow in a methionine-depleted environment supplemented with homocysteine, the immediate metabolic precursor of methionine. However, the molecular mechanisms by which methionine restriction inhibits cancer cells growth have not been elucidated. The effect of methionine restriction on the protein expression in gastric cancer cells was studied. METHODS SGC7901 cells were treated with M-H+ medium for 5 days, which was followed by analysis of total cellular protein from cells by a combination of 2-DE and MS. Then the differential expressional levels of partially identified proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The well-resolved, reproducible 2-DE patterns of SGC7901 cells cultured in M+H- or M-H+ medium were established. The 10 differential proteins between pairs of gastric cancer cells SGC7901 cultured either in M+H- medium or M-H+ medium, were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, and the differential expression levels of 2 identified proteins were confirmed. CONCLUSION These data will be valuable for further study of the molecular mechanisms by which methionine restriction induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xin
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Kokkinakis DM, Brickner AG, Kirkwood JM, Liu X, Goldwasser JE, Kastrama A, Sander C, Bocangel D, Chada S. Mitotic Arrest, Apoptosis, and Sensitization to Chemotherapy of Melanomas by Methionine Deprivation Stress. Mol Cancer Res 2006; 4:575-89. [PMID: 16908595 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-05-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methionine deprivation stress (MDS) eliminates mitotic activity in melanoma cells regardless of stage, grade, or TP53 status, whereas it has a negligible effect on normal skin fibroblasts. In most cases, apoptosis accounts for the elimination of up to 90% of tumor cells from the culture within 72 hours after MDS, leaving a scattered population of multinucleated resistant cells. Loss of mitosis in tumor cells is associated with marked reduction of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 transcription and/or loss of its active form (CDK1-P-Thr(161)), which is coincident with up-regulation of CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and CDKN1C (p21, p27, and p57). Expression of the proapoptotic LITAF, IFNGR, EREG, TNFSF/TNFRSF10 and TNFRSF12, FAS, and RNASEL is primarily up-regulated/induced in cells destined to undergo apoptosis. Loss of Aurora kinase B and BIRC5, which are required for histone H3 phosphorylation, is associated with the accumulation of surviving multinucleated cells. Nevertheless, noncycling survivors of MDS are sensitized to temozolomide, carmustin, and cisplatin to a much greater extent than normal skin fibroblasts possibly because of the suppression of MGMT/TOP1/POLB, MGMT/RAD52/RAD54, and cMET/RADD52, respectively. Sensitivity to these and additional genotoxic agents and radiation may also be acquired due to loss of cMET/OGG1, reduced glutathione reductase levels, and a G(2)-phase block that is a crucial step in the damage response associated with enhancement of drug toxicity. Although the genes controlling mitotic arrest and/or apoptosis in response to low extracellular methionine levels are unknown, it is likely that such control is exerted via the induction/up-regulation of tumor suppressors/growth inhibitor genes, such as TGFB, PTEN, GAS1, EGR3, BTG3, MDA7, and the proteoglycans (LUM, BGN, and DCN), as well as the down-regulation/loss of function of prosurvival genes, such as NFkappaB, MYC, and ERBB2. Although MDS targets several common genes in tumors, mutational variability among melanomas may decide which metabolic and signal transduction pathways will be activated or shutdown.
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