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Bernstein ZJ, Shenoy A, Chen A, Heller NM, Spangler JB. Engineering the IL-4/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:29-57. [PMID: 37283511 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structurally and functionally related interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 cytokines play pivotal roles in shaping immune activity. The IL-4/IL-13 axis is best known for its critical role in T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated Type 2 inflammation, which protects the host from large multicellular pathogens, such as parasitic helminth worms, and regulates immune responses to allergens. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells, to coordinate various functions, including immune regulation, antibody production, and fibrosis. Due to its importance for a broad spectrum of physiological activities, the IL-4/IL-13 network has been targeted through a variety of molecular engineering and synthetic biology approaches to modulate immune behavior and develop novel therapeutics. Here, we review ongoing efforts to manipulate the IL-4/IL-13 axis, including cytokine engineering strategies, formulation of fusion proteins, antagonist development, cell engineering approaches, and biosensor design. We discuss how these strategies have been employed to dissect IL-4 and IL-13 pathways, as well as to discover new immunotherapies targeting allergy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Looking ahead, emerging bioengineering tools promise to continue advancing fundamental understanding of IL-4/IL-13 biology and enabling researchers to exploit these insights to develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjali Shenoy
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Jovanovich N, Habib A, Hameed NF, Edwards L, Zinn PO. Applications and current challenges of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in treating high-grade gliomas in adult and pediatric populations. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:383-396. [PMID: 36876438 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) continue to be some of the most devastating diseases in the USA. Despite extensive efforts, the survival of HGG patients has remained relatively stagnant. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has recently been studied in the context of improving these tumors' clinical outcomes. HGG murine models treated with CAR T cells targeting tumor antigens have shown reduced tumor burden and longer overall survival than models without treatment. Subsequent clinical trials investigating the efficacy of CAR T cells have further shown that this therapy could be safe and might reduce tumor burden. However, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed to optimize the safety and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in treating HGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Jovanovich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Nu Farrukh Hameed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Lincoln Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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3
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Luksik AS, Yazigi E, Shah P, Jackson CM. CAR T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma: Overcoming Challenges Related to Antigen Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051414. [PMID: 36900205 PMCID: PMC10000604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, yet prognosis remains dismal with current treatment. Immunotherapeutic strategies have had limited effectiveness to date in GBM, but recent advances hold promise. One such immunotherapeutic advance is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, where autologous T cells are extracted and engineered to express a specific receptor against a GBM antigen and are then infused back into the patient. There have been numerous preclinical studies showing promising results, and several of these CAR T cell therapies are being tested in clinical trials for GBM and other brain cancers. While results in tumors such as lymphomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas have been encouraging, early results in GBM have not shown clinical benefit. Potential reasons for this are the limited number of specific antigens in GBM, their heterogenous expression, and their loss after initiating antigen-specific therapy due to immunoediting. Here, we review the current preclinical and clinical experiences with CAR T cell therapy in GBM and potential strategies to develop more effective CAR T cells for this indication.
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Biswas P, Swaroop S, Dutta N, Arya A, Ghosh S, Dhabal S, Das P, Majumder C, Pal M, Bhattacharjee A. IL-13 and the hydroperoxy fatty acid 13(S)HpODE play crucial role in inducing an apoptotic pathway in cancer cells involving MAO-A/ROS/p53/p21 signaling axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:309-328. [PMID: 36592660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study depicted the effect of IL-13 and 13(S)HpODE (the endogenous product during IL-13 activation) in the process of cancer cell apoptosis. We examined the role of both IL-13 and 13(S)HpODE in mediating apoptotic pathway in three different in vitro cellular models namely A549 lung cancer, HCT116 colorectal cancer and CCF52 GBM cells. Our data showed that IL-13 promotes apoptosis of A549 lung carcinoma cells through the involvement of 15-LO, PPARγ and MAO-A. Our observations demonstrated that IL-13/13(S)HpODE stimulate MAO-A-mediated intracellular ROS production and p53 as well as p21 induction which play a crucial role in IL-13-stimulated A549 cell apoptosis. We further showed that 13(S)HpODE promotes apoptosis of HCT116 and CCF52 cells through the up-regulation of p53 and p21 expression. Our data delineated that IL-13 stimulates p53 and p21 induction which is mediated through 15-LO and MAO-A in A549 cells. In addition, we observed that PPARγ plays a vital role in apoptosis as well as in p53 and p21 expression in A549 cells in the presence of IL-13. We validated our observations in case of an in vivo colon cancer tumorigenic study using syngeneic mice model and demonstrated that 13(S)HpODE significantly reduces solid tumor growth through the activation of apoptosis. These data thus confirmed that IL-13 > 15-LO>13(S)HpODE > PPARγ>MAO-A > ROS > p53>p21 axis has a major contribution in regulating cancer cell apoptosis and further identified 13(S)HpODE as a potential chemo-preventive agent which can improve the efficacy of cancer treatment as a combination compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Surbhi Swaroop
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Naibedya Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Aditi Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sukhamoy Dhabal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Payel Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | | | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India.
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5
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Ramírez-Chacón A, Betriu-Méndez S, Bartoló-Ibars A, González A, Martí M, Juan M. Ligand-based CAR-T cell: Different strategies to drive T cells in future new treatments. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932559. [PMID: 36172370 PMCID: PMC9511026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapies are presented as innovative treatments for multiple malignancies. Despite their clinical success, there is scientific evidence of the limitations of these therapies mainly due to immunogenicity issues, toxicities associated with the infusion of the product, and relapses of the tumor. As a result, novel approaches are appearing aiming to solve and/or mitigate the harmful effects of CAR-T therapies. These include strategies based on the use of ligands as binding moieties or ligand-based CAR-T cells. Several proposals are currently under development, with some undergoing clinical trials to assess their potential benefits. In addition to these, therapies such as chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR), B-cell receptor antigen for reverse targeting (BAR), and even chimeric human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody receptor (CHAR) have emerged, benefiting from the advantages of antigenic ligands as antibody-binding motifs. This review focuses on the potential role that ligands can play in current and future antitumor treatments and in other types of diseases, such as autoimmune diseases or problems associated with transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ramírez-Chacón
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sergi Betriu-Méndez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB) Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Bartoló-Ibars
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB) Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena González
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB) Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB) Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manel Juan,
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Shankar A, McAlees JW, Lewkowich IP. Modulation of IL-4/IL-13 cytokine signaling in the context of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:266-276. [PMID: 35934680 PMCID: PMC9371363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of CD4 TH2 cells and excessive production of TH2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Generally, IL-4 and IL-13 utilize Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways for induction of inflammatory gene expression and the effector functions associated with disease pathology in many allergic diseases. However, it is increasingly clear that JAK/STAT pathways activated by IL-4/IL-13 can themselves be modulated in the presence of other intracellular signaling programs, thereby changing the overall tone and/or magnitude of IL-4/IL-13 signaling. Apart from direct activation of the canonic JAK/STAT pathways, IL-4 and IL-13 also induce proinflammatory gene expression and effector functions through activation of additional signaling cascades. These alternative signaling cascades contribute to several specific aspects of IL-4/IL-13-associated cellular and molecular responses. A more complete understanding of IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathways, including the precise conditions under which noncanonic signaling pathways are activated, and the impact of these pathways on cellular- and host-level responses, will better allow us to design agents that target specific pathologic outcomes or tailor therapies for the treatment of uncommon disease endotypes.
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7
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Cytokine chemokine network in tumor microenvironment: Impact on CSC properties and therapeutic applications. Cytokine 2022; 156:155916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Biswas P, Datta C, Rathi P, Bhattacharjee A. Fatty acids and their lipid mediators in the induction of cellular apoptosis in cancer cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106637. [PMID: 35341977 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid through enzymes like lipoxygenases (LOXs) are common and often leads to the production of various bioactive lipids that are important both in acute inflammation and its resolution and thus in disease progression. Amongst the several isoforms of LOX that are expressed in mammals, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) has shown to be crucial in the context of inflammation. Moreover, being expressed in cells of the immune system, as well as in epithelial cells; the enzyme has been shown to crosstalk with a number of important signalling pathways. Mounting evidences from recent reports suggest that 15-LOX has anti-cancer activities which are dependent or independent of its metabolites, and is executed through several downstream pathways like cGMP, PPAR, p53, p21 and NAG-1. However, it is still unclear whether the up-regulation of 15-LOX is associated with cancer cell apoptosis. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), on the other hand, is a mitochondrial flavoenzyme which is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammation and in many other neurological disorders. MAO-A has also been reported as a potential therapeutic target in different types of cancers like prostate cancer, lung cancer etc. In this review, we discussed about the role of fatty acids and their lipid mediators in cancer cell apoptosis. Here we particularly focused on the contribution of oxidative enzymes like 15-LOX and MAO-A in mediating apoptosis in lung cancer cell after fatty acid induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandreyee Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Parul Rathi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
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Mitre AO, Florian AI, Buruiana A, Boer A, Moldovan I, Soritau O, Florian SI, Susman S. Ferroptosis Involvement in Glioblastoma Treatment. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020319. [PMID: 35208642 PMCID: PMC8876121 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest brain tumors. Current standard therapy includes tumor resection surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to the tumors invasive nature, recurrences are almost a certainty, giving the patients after diagnosis only a 12–15 months average survival time. Therefore, there is a dire need of finding new therapies that could potentially improve patient outcomes. Ferroptosis is a newly described form of cell death with several implications in cancer, among which GBM. Agents that target different molecules involved in ferroptosis and that stimulate this process have been described as potentially adjuvant anti-cancer treatment options. In GBM, ferroptosis stimulation inhibits tumor growth, improves patient survival, and increases the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding ferroptosis modulation in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-O.M.); (A.B.); (I.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexandru Ioan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department, of Neurosurgery, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrei Buruiana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Armand Boer
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-O.M.); (A.B.); (I.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ioana Moldovan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-O.M.); (A.B.); (I.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Olga Soritau
- Research Department, Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Stefan Ioan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department, of Neurosurgery, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Susman
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-O.M.); (A.B.); (I.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, IMOGEN Research Center, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wu Z, Dai L, Tang K, Ma Y, Song B, Zhang Y, Li J, Lui S, Gong Q, Wu M. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for glioblastoma-targeting theranostics. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab062. [PMID: 34868634 PMCID: PMC8634494 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumour, with a median survival of 3 months without treatment and 15 months with treatment. Early GBM diagnosis can significantly improve patient survival due to early treatment and management procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using contrast agents is the preferred method for the preoperative detection of GBM tumours. However, commercially available clinical contrast agents do not accurately distinguish between GBM, surrounding normal tissue and other cancer types due to their limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, their low relaxivity and their potential toxicity. New GBM-specific contrast agents are urgently needed to overcome the limitations of current contrast agents. Recent advances in nanotechnology have produced alternative GBM-targeting contrast agents. The surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) can be modified with multimodal contrast imaging agents and ligands that can specifically enhance the accumulation of NPs at GBM sites. Using advanced imaging technology, multimodal NP-based contrast agents have been used to obtain accurate GBM diagnoses in addition to an increased amount of clinical diagnostic information. NPs can also serve as drug delivery systems for GBM treatments. This review focuses on the research progress for GBM-targeting MRI contrast agents as well as MRI-guided GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lixiong Dai
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiqi Ma
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Vaezi MA, Safizadeh B, Eghtedari AR, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Rastegar M, Salimi V, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. 15-Lipoxygenase and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of breast cancer: A double-edged sword. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:169. [PMID: 34838055 PMCID: PMC8627626 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
15-lipoxygenase is one of the key enzymes for the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids that its manipulation has been proposed recently as a new molecular target for regulating cancer cell growth. Aberrant expression of 15-lipoxygenase enzyme seems to play an indicative role in the pathology of different cancer types, tumor progression, metastasis, or apoptosis. Based on the fact that breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that imposes a burden of mortality in women also, on the other hand, evidence in experimental models and human studies indicate the emerging role of the 15-lipoxygenase pathway in breast cancer pathogenesis, we present a review of recent findings related to the role of 15- lipoxygenase enzyme and metabolites in breast cancer growth, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion as well as their local and circulating expression pattern in patients with breast cancer. Our review supports the emerging role of 15- lipoxygenase in molecular and cellular processes regulating breast tumor cell fate with both positive and negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Safizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Eghtedari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Rastegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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López V, Tejedor JR, Carella A, García MG, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Pérez RF, Mangas C, Urdinguio RG, Aranburu A, de la Nava D, Corte-Torres MD, Astudillo A, Mollejo M, Meléndez B, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Epigenetic Deregulation of the Histone Methyltransferase KMT5B Contributes to Malignant Transformation in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671838. [PMID: 34447744 PMCID: PMC8383299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor in adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a key role in GBM although the involvement of histone methyltransferase KMT5B and its mark H4K20me2 has remained largely unexplored. The present study shows that DNA hypermethylation and loss of DNA hydroxymethylation is associated with KMT5B downregulation and genome-wide reduction of H4K20me2 levels in a set of human GBM samples and cell lines as compared with non-tumoral specimens. Ectopic overexpression of KMT5B induced tumor suppressor-like features in vitro and in a mouse tumor xenograft model, as well as changes in the expression of several glioblastoma-related genes. H4K20me2 enrichment was found immediately upstream of the promoter regions of a subset of deregulated genes, thus suggesting a possible role for KMT5B in GBM through the epigenetic modulation of key target cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia López
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonella Carella
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María G García
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raúl F Pérez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Mangas
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío G Urdinguio
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aitziber Aranburu
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel de la Nava
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María D Corte-Torres
- Biobanco del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuela Mollejo
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud (CHT), Toledo, Spain
| | - Bárbara Meléndez
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud (CHT), Toledo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Shi J, Song X, Traub B, Luxenhofer M, Kornmann M. Involvement of IL-4, IL-13 and Their Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062998. [PMID: 33804263 PMCID: PMC8000536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are known as pleiotropic Th2 cytokines with a wide range of biological properties and functions especially in immune responses. In addition, increasing activities have also been determined in oncogenesis and tumor progression of several malignancies. It is now generally accepted that IL-4 and IL-13 can exert effects on epithelial tumor cells through corresponding receptors. Type II IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1), predominantly expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, is identified to be the main target for both IL-4 and IL-13 in tumors. Moreover, IL-13 can also signal by binding to the IL-13Rα2 receptor. Structural similarity due to the use of the same receptor complex generated in response to IL-4/IL-13 results in overlapping but also distinct signaling pathways and functions. The aim of this review was to summarize knowledge about IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in pancreatic cancer in order understand the implication of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors for pancreatic tumorigenesis and progression and for developing possible new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Chehrazi-Raffle A, Meza L, Alcantara M, Dizman N, Bergerot P, Salgia N, Hsu J, Ruel N, Salgia S, Malhotra J, Karczewska E, Kortylewski M, Pal S. Circulating cytokines associated with clinical response to systemic therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002009. [PMID: 33688021 PMCID: PMC7944971 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating cytokines and angiogenic factors have been associated with clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) receiving systemic therapy. However, none have yet examined cytokine concentrations in parallel cohorts receiving either immunotherapy or targeted therapy. Methods In this prospective correlative study, we enrolled 56 patients who were planned for treatment with either a vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF-TKI) or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Eligibility requirements permitted any RCC histologic subtype, International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma risk classification, and line of therapy. Immunologic profile was assessed at baseline and after 1 month on treatment using a Human Cytokine 30-plex protein assay (Invitrogen). Clinical benefit was defined as complete response, partial response, or stable disease ≥6 months per RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) V.1.1 criteria. Results Clinical benefit was similar between VEGF-TKI and ICI arms (65% vs 54%). Patients with clinical benefit from VEGF-TKIs had lower pretreatment levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p=0.02), IL-1RA (p=0.03), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF) (p=0.02). At 1 month, patients with clinical benefit from ICIs had higher levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (p=0.04) and IL-12 (p=0.03). Among patients on VEGF-TKIs, those with clinical benefit had lower 1 month IL-13 (p=0.02) and granulocyte macrophage CSF (p=0.01) as well as higher 1 month VEGF (p=0.04) compared with patients with no clinical benefit. Conclusion For patients receiving VEGF-TKI or ICI therapy, distinct plasma cytokines were associated with clinical benefit. Our findings support additional investigation into plasma cytokines as biomarkers in metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chehrazi-Raffle
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Luis Meza
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marice Alcantara
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Nazli Dizman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paulo Bergerot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cettro Cancer Center, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Salgia
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, Brazil
| | - JoAnn Hsu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Nora Ruel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sabrina Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jasnoor Malhotra
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ewa Karczewska
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Kumar A, Bellayr IH, Singh HS, Puri RK. IL-13Rα2 gene expression is a biomarker of adverse outcome in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246632. [PMID: 33591997 PMCID: PMC7886164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive endocrine malignancy that usually results in a fatal outcome. To allow the better clinical management and reduce mortality, we searched for clinical and molecular markers that are reliable predictor of disease severity and clinical outcome in ACC patients. We determined a correlation between the overexpression of IL-13Rα2 and the clinical outcome in ACC patients using comprehensive data available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The dataset of 79 ACC subjects were divided into groups of low, medium, or high expression of IL-13Rα2 as determined by RNA-seq. These patients were also stratified by length of survival, overall survival, incidence of a new tumor event, incidence of metastasis, and production of excess hormones. We report a correlation between IL-13Rα2 expression and survival of subjects with ACC. High expression of IL-13Rα2 in ACC tumors was significantly associated with a lower patient survival rate and period of survival compared to low expression (p = 0.0084). In addition, high IL-13Rα2 expression was significantly associated with a higher incidence of new tumor events and excess hormone production compared to low or medium IL-13Rα2 expression. Within the cohort of patients that produced excess hormone, elevated IL-13Rα2 expression was significantly associated with a lower survival rate. Additionally, IL-13Rα1 had a potential relationship between transcript level and ACC survival. Our results and promising antitumor activity in preclinical models and trials indicate that IL-13Rα2 expression is an important prognostic biomarker of ACC disease outcome and a promising target for therapeutic treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kumar
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian H. Bellayr
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hridaya S. Singh
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj K. Puri
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Maggi E, Veneziani I, Moretta L, Cosmi L, Annunziato F. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113452. [PMID: 33233582 PMCID: PMC7699723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) belong to the family of helper ILCs which provide host defense against infectious agents, participate in inflammatory responses and mediate lymphoid organogenesis and tissue repair, mainly at the skin and mucosal level. Based on their transcriptional, phenotypic and functional profile, ILC2s mirror the features of the adaptive CD4+ Th2 cell subset, both contributing to the so-called type 2 immune response. Similar to other ILCs, ILC2s are rapidly activated by signals deriving from tissue and/or other tissue-resident immune cells. The biologic activity of ILCs needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent them from contributing to severe inflammation and damage in several organs. Indeed, ILC2s display both enhancing and regulatory roles in several pathophysiological conditions, including tumors. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge about ILC2s ability to induce or impair a protective immune response, their pro- or antitumor activity in murine models, human (children and adults) pathologies and the potential strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy by exploiting the features of ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-3617
| | - Irene Veneziani
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
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17
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Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:201. [PMID: 32929074 PMCID: PMC7490424 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18. It binds to chitin, heparin, and hyaluronic acid, and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes, cytokines, growth factors, drugs, and stress. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages, neutrophils, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like cells, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. It plays a major role in tissue injury, inflammation, tissue repair, and remodeling responses. CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma, arthritis, sepsis, diabetes, liver fibrosis, and coronary artery disease. Moreover, following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line, CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models. To date, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, transmembrane protein 219, galectin-3, chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2, and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors. CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, activation of tumor-associated macrophages, and Th2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis, then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.
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Mrowczynski OD, Payne RA, Bourcier AJ, Mau CY, Slagle-Webb B, Shenoy G, Madhankumar AB, Abramson SB, Wolfe D, Harbaugh KS, Rizk EB, Connor JR. Targeting IL-13Rα2 for effective treatment of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in mouse models. J Neurosurg 2019; 131:1369-1379. [PMID: 30544352 DOI: 10.3171/2018.7.jns18284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that harbor a high potential for metastasis and have a devastating prognosis. Combination chemoradiation aids in tumor control and decreases tumor recurrence but causes deleterious side effects and does not extend long-term survival. An effective treatment with limited toxicity and enhanced efficacy is critical for patients suffering from MPNSTs. METHODS The authors recently identified that interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2) is overexpressed on MPNSTs and could serve as a precision-based target for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. In the work reported here, a recombinant fusion molecule consisting of a mutant human IL-13 targeting moiety and a point mutant variant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (IL-13.E13 K-PE4E) was utilized to treat MPNST in vitro in cell culture and in an in vivo murine model. RESULTS IL-13.E13 K-PE4E had a potent cytotoxic effect on MPNST cells in vitro. Furthermore, intratumoral administration of IL-13.E13 K-PE4E to orthotopically implanted MPNSTs decreased tumor burden 6-fold and 11-fold in late-stage and early-stage MPNST models, respectively. IL-13.E13 K-PE4E treatment also increased survival by 23 days in the early-stage MPNST model. CONCLUSIONS The current MPNST treatment paradigm consists of 3 prongs: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, none of which, either singly or in combination, are curative or extend survival to a clinically meaningful degree. The results presented here provide the possibility of intratumoral therapy with a potent and highly tumor-specific cytotoxin as a fourth treatment prong with the potential to yield improved outcomes in patients with MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Mrowczynski
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | - Russell A Payne
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | - Alexandre J Bourcier
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | - Christine Y Mau
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | - Ganesh Shenoy
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | | | - Stephan B Abramson
- 2Targepeutics, Inc., Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
- 3LifeSci Partners, LLC, Vancouver, Washington
| | | | - Kimberly S Harbaugh
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | - Elias B Rizk
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | - James R Connor
- 1Penn State University Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
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Chong ST, Tan KM, Kok CYL, Guan SP, Lai SH, Lim C, Hu J, Sturgis C, Eng C, Lam PYP, Ngeow J. IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5573-5584. [PMID: 31290966 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13RA2), which is known to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, plays a role in various cellular processes such as cell migration that may contribute to tumor progression. Studies have attributed IL13RA2 to invasion and metastasis in cancers of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, but the pathological role of IL13RA2 in thyroid cancer is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate IL13RA2 expression in thyroid carcinomas and to examine the role of IL13RA2 in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS IL13RA2 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of 137 thyroid carcinomas from patients, and the differential profile of IL13RA2 was validated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In PTC cell lines, we functionally assessed the effects of IL13RA2 underexpression and overexpression on cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using CCK-8, transwell migration assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS IL13RA2 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor T stage (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.001) and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1; P < 0.001). The staining scores of IL13RA2 were significantly higher in PTC compared with follicular subtypes (P < 0.001) and correlated with advanced tumor stage among PTC samples (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.028). Knockdown of IL13RA2 in B-CPAP cells significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration, and EMT markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Exogenous overexpression of IL13RA2 in K1 cells increased cell migration and EMT, although cell proliferation was not affected. CONCLUSION IL13RA2 is differentially regulated in PTC and is involved in cell migration by enhancing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Ting Chong
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Khee Ming Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Catherine Y L Kok
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cindy Lim
- Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Charles Sturgis
- Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Verstockt B, Perrier C, De Hertogh G, Cremer J, Creyns B, Van Assche G, Ferrante M, Ceuppens JL, Vermeire S, Breynaert C. Effects of Epithelial IL-13Rα2 Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2983. [PMID: 30619339 PMCID: PMC6305625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucosal IL-13 Receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2) mRNA expression is one of the best predictive markers for primary non-responsiveness to infliximab therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective of this study was to understand how IL-13Rα2, a negative regulator of IL-13 signaling, can contribute to IBD pathology. Methods:IL13RA2 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water to induce colitis. Furthermore, mucosal biopsies and resection specimen of healthy individuals and IBD patients before the start of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy were obtained for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis. Results: After induction of DSS colitis, IL13RA2 KO mice had similar disease severity, but recovered more rapidly than WT animals. Goblet cell numbers and mucosal architecture were also more rapidly restored in IL13RA2 KO mice. In mucosal biopsies of active IBD patients, immunohistochemistry revealed that IL-13Rα2 protein was highly expressed in epithelial cells, while expression was restricted to goblet cells in healthy controls. Mucosal IL13RA2 mRNA negatively correlated with mRNA of several goblet cell-specific and barrier genes, and with goblet cell numbers. Conclusions: The data suggest that IL-13Rα2 on epithelial cells contributes to IBD pathology by negatively influencing goblet cell recovery, goblet cell function and epithelial restoration after injury. Therefore, blocking IL-13Rα2 could be a promising target for restoration of the epithelial barrier in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clémentine Perrier
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Creyns
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L. Ceuppens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Sharma P, Debinski W. Receptor-Targeted Glial Brain Tumor Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3326. [PMID: 30366424 PMCID: PMC6274942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among primary brain tumors, malignant gliomas are notably difficult to manage. The higher-grade tumors represent an unmet need in medicine. There have been extensive efforts to implement receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches directed against gliomas. These approaches include immunotherapies, such as vaccines, adoptive immunotherapy, and passive immunotherapy. Targeted cytotoxic radio energy and pro-drug activation have been designed specifically for brain tumors. The field of targeting through receptors progressed significantly with the discovery of an interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13RA2) as a tumor-associated receptor over-expressed in most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) but not in normal brain. IL-13RA2 has been exploited in novel experimental therapies with very encouraging clinical responses. Other receptors are specifically over-expressed in many patients with GBM, such as EphA2 and EphA3 receptors, among others. These findings are important in view of the heterogeneity of GBM tumors and multiple tumor compartments responsible for tumor progression and resistance to therapies. The combined targeting of multiple receptors in different tumor compartments should be a preferred way to design novel receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sharma
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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22
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Potential Risks Related to Modulating Interleukin-13 and Interleukin-4 Signalling: A Systematic Review. Drug Saf 2018; 41:489-509. [PMID: 29411337 PMCID: PMC5938313 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-017-0636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 are type-II cytokines signalling through the shared type II interleukin-4 receptor. As a result of their structural similarity, interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 have overlapping functions in the mediation of type-II-driven diseases and are, therefore, promising targets of biologic drugs currently in development for the treatment of such diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. Objective This systematic review was conducted to assess preclinical evidence of potential safety concerns related to blockade of interleukin-13 alone or interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 in combination. Methods We specifically examined risks related to infection, malignancy and the cardiovascular system. We systematically searched the BIOSIS, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify preclinical studies published between January 2006 and October 2016 that addressed the effects of interleukin-13/interleukin-4 blockade and modulation on the risk of infection, malignancy and cardiovascular events. To provide a clinical context, we also performed a search for clinical trials targeting the interleukin-13/interleukin-4 pathways. Relevant data from preclinical and clinical trials were abstracted and presented descriptively. Results Aside from expected evidence that inhibition of interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 impaired host responses to helminth infections, we did not identify other preclinical evidence suggesting safety risks relating to infection, malignancy or cardiovascular events. We found no evidence in clinical trials suggesting serious safety concerns, i.e. increased risk for infections, malignancy or cardiovascular events from therapeutic modulation of the interleukin-13 pathway alone or the combined interleukin-13/interleukin-4 pathways. Conclusions Although our findings are reassuring, long-term safety assessments of biologics that target the interleukin-13/interleukin-4 pathways currently in clinical development are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40264-017-0636-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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IL-13/STAT6 signaling plays a critical role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61183-61198. [PMID: 27533463 PMCID: PMC5308644 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide due to the distant metastases. Compelling evidence has reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in promoting cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the precise molecular events that initiate this complex EMT process remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) could induce an aggressive phenotype displaying EMT by enhancing the expression of EMT-promoting factor ZEB1. Importantly, STAT6 signaling inhibitor and STAT6 knockdown significantly reversed IL-13-induced EMT and ZEB1 induction in CRC cells, whereas ectopic STAT6 expression in STAT6null CRC cell line markedly promoted EMT in the present of IL-13. ChIP-PCR and Luciferase assays revealed that activated STAT6 directly bound to the promoter of ZEB1. Otherwise, we found IL-13 also up-regulated the stem cell markers (nanog, CD44, CD133 and CD166) and promoted cell migration and invasion through STAT6 pathway. We also found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of IL-13Rα1 could reverse IL-13-induced ZEB1 and EMT changes by preventing STAT6 signaling. Finally, we demonstrated positive correlation between IL-13Rα1 and ZEB1 at mRNA levels in human CRC samples. Taken together, our findings first demonstrated that IL-13/IL-13Rα1/STAT6/ZEB1 pathway plays a critical role in promoting EMT and aggressiveness of CRC.
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Pouyafar A, Heydarabad MZ, Mahboob S, Mokhtarzadeh A, Rahbarghazi R. Angiogenic potential of YKL-40 in the dynamics of tumor niche. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:478-485. [PMID: 29477911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of clinical studies showed the elevation of YKL-40 in subjects with different kinds of tumors. It is predicted that an inherent correlation exists between survivals of cancer patients with total YKL-40 serum levels, making this factor as a potential novel biomarker. However, the crucial role of YKL-40 in the dynamics of cancers, especially angiogenesis, has not yet been completely addressed. In this review, we highlighted the various facets of YKL-40 and its importance in cancer biology as a bio-shuttle in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Pouyafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Zadi Heydarabad
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soltanali Mahboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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Madhankumar AB, Mrowczynski OD, Slagle-Webb B, Ravi V, Bourcier AJ, Payne R, Harbaugh KS, Rizk E, Connor JR. Tumor targeted delivery of doxorubicin in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0181529. [PMID: 29304038 PMCID: PMC5755733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors are benign tumors that have the potential to transform into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2) is a cancer associated receptor expressed in glioblastoma and other invasive cancers. We analyzed IL13Rα2 expression in several MPNST cell lines including the STS26T cell line, as well as in several peripheral nerve sheath tumors to utilize the IL13Rα2 receptor as a target for therapy. In our studies, we demonstrated the selective expression of IL13Rα2 in several peripheral nerve sheath tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblots. We established a sciatic nerve MPNST mouse model in NIH III nude mice using a luciferase transfected STS26T MPNST cell line. Similarly, analysis of the mouse sciatic nerves after tumor induction revealed significant expression of IL13Rα2 by IHC when compared to a normal sciatic nerve. IL13 conjugated liposomal doxorubicin was formulated and shown to bind and internalized in the MPNST cell culture model demonstrating cytotoxic effect. Our subsequent in vivo investigation in the STS26T MPNST sciatic nerve tumor model indicated that IL13 conjugated liposomal doxorubicin (IL13LIPDXR) was more effective in inhibiting tumor progression compared to unconjugated liposomal doxorubicin (LIPDXR). This further supports that IL13 receptor targeted nanoliposomes is a potential approach for treating MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Madhankumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Oliver D. Mrowczynski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Vagisha Ravi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Alexandre J. Bourcier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Russell Payne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Kimberly S. Harbaugh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Elias Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
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26
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Han J, Puri RK. Analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database identifies an inverse relationship between interleukin-13 receptor α1 and α2 gene expression and poor prognosis and drug resistance in subjects with glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:463-474. [PMID: 29168083 PMCID: PMC5805806 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. A variety of targeted agents are being tested in the clinic including cancer vaccines, immunotoxins, antibodies and T cell immunotherapy for GBM. We have previously reported that IL-13 receptor subunits α1 and α2 of IL-13R complex are overexpressed in GBM. We are investigating the significance of IL-13Rα1 and α2 expression in GBM tumors. In order to elucidate a possible relationship between IL-13Rα1 and α2 expression with severity and prognoses of subjects with GBM, we analyzed gene expression (by microarray) and clinical data available at the public The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (Currently known as Global Data Commons). More than 40% of GBM samples were highly positive for IL-13Rα2 mRNA (Log2 ≥ 2) while only less than 16% samples were highly positive for IL-13Rα1 mRNA. Subjects with high IL-13Rα1 and α2 mRNA expressing tumors were associated with a significantly lower survival rate irrespective of their treatment compared to subjects with IL-13Rα1 and α2 mRNA negative tumors. We further observed that IL-13Rα2 gene expression is associated with GBM resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. The expression of IL-13Rα2 gene did not seem to correlate with the expression of genes for other chains involved in the formation of IL-13R complex (IL-13Rα1 or IL-4Rα) in GBM. However, a positive correlation was observed between IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 gene expression. The microarray data of IL-13Rα2 gene expression was verified by RNA-Seq data. In depth analysis of TCGA data revealed that immunosuppressive genes (such as FMOD, CCL2, OSM, etc.) were highly expressed in IL-13Rα2 positive tumors, but not in IL-13Rα2 negative tumors. These results indicate a direct correlation between high level of IL-13R mRNA expression and poor patient prognosis and that immunosuppressive genes associated with IL-13Rα2 may play a role in tumor progression. These findings have important implications in understanding the role of IL-13R in the pathogenesis of GBM and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, WO Bldg. 71, Rm 5342, CBER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, WO Bldg. 71, Rm 5342, CBER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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27
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Shi J, Hou S, Huang J, Wang S, Huan W, Huang C, Liu X, Jiang R, Qian W, Lu J, Wang X, Shi W, Huang R, Chen J. An MSN-PEG-IP drug delivery system and IL13Rα2 as targeted therapy for glioma. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8970-8981. [PMID: 28443896 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08786h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy has recently received interest as a targeted therapy for glioma. A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based vehicle coated with IL13Rα2-targeted peptide (IP) using polyethylene glycol (PEG), MSN-PEG-IP (MPI), was constructed and confirmed as a potential glioma-targeted drug delivery system in vitro. In this work, tissue microarray (TMA) results revealed that IL13Rα2 was over-expressed in human glioma tissues and that high expression of IL13Rα2 in patients was associated with poor survival. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded MPI (MPI/D) crossed the blood-brain barrier, specifically targeting glioma cells and significantly enhancing the cellular uptake of DOX in glioma cells compared with MSN/DOX (M/D) and MSN-PEG/DOX (MP/D), whereas the normal brain was not affected. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations showed that the tumour size of glioma-bearing rats in the MPI/D-treated group was much smaller than those in the M/D and MP/D treated groups. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that MPI/D treatment induced more apoptosis and much less proliferation than the other two treatments. However, the therapeutic effect was weak when IL13Rα2 was knocked down. Furthermore, U87 cells treated with IL-13 and MPI together could increase both STAT6 and P63 expression, which attenuated glioma cell proliferation, invasion and migration compared with cells treated with IL-13 alone. The results of the subcutaneous tumour model also revealed that IL13Rα2 knockdown could hinder cell proliferation and induce more apoptosis. The promising results suggested that MPI can not only deliver DOX to glioma in a targeted manner but also occupy IL13Rα2, which can promote IL-13 binding to IL13Rα1 and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway to induce an anti-glioma effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Shi
- Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Centre of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Wadajkar AS, Dancy JG, Hersh DS, Anastasiadis P, Tran NL, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA, Kim AJ. Tumor-targeted nanotherapeutics: overcoming treatment barriers for glioblastoma. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27813323 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal form of primary brain cancer. Numerous barriers exist to the effective treatment of GBM including the tightly controlled interface between the bloodstream and central nervous system termed the 'neurovascular unit,' a narrow and tortuous tumor extracellular space containing a dense meshwork of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, and genomic heterogeneity and instability. A major goal of GBM therapy is achieving sustained drug delivery to glioma cells while minimizing toxicity to adjacent neurons and glia. Targeted nanotherapeutics have emerged as promising drug delivery systems with the potential to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and therapeutic efficacy. Some of the key cell surface molecules that have been identified as GBM targets include the transferrin receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, αv β3 integrin, glucose transporter(s), glial fibrillary acidic protein, connexin 43, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR variant III, interleukin-13 receptor α chain variant 2, and fibroblast growth factor-inducible factor 14. However, most targeted therapeutic formulations have yet to demonstrate improved efficacy related to disease progression or survival. Potential limitations to current targeted nanotherapeutics include: (1) adhesive interactions with nontarget structures, (2) low density or prevalence of the target, (3) lack of target specificity, and (4) genetic instability resulting in alterations of either the target itself or its expression level in response to treatment. In this review, we address these potential limitations in the context of the key GBM targets with the goal of advancing the understanding and development of targeted nanotherapeutics for GBM. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1439. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1439 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket S Wadajkar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jimena G Dancy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David S Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Chimeric antigen receptors for treatment of glioblastoma: a practical review of challenges and ways to overcome them. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 24:121-129. [PMID: 27767090 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is by far the most common and the most aggressive of all the primary brain malignancies. No curative therapy exists, and median life expectancy hovers at around 1 year after diagnosis, with a minute fraction surviving beyond 5 years. The difficulty in treating GBM lies in the cancer's protected niche within the blood-brain barrier and the heterogeneity of the cancer cells, which possess varying degrees of susceptibility to various common modalities of treatment. Over time, it is the tumor heterogeneity of GBM and the ability of the cancer stem cells to evolve in response treatment that renders the cancer refractory to conventional treatment. Therefore, research has increasingly focused on treatment that incorporates knowledge of GBM molecular biology to therapeutic strategies. One type of therapy that shows great promise is the area of T-cell immunotherapy to target GBM-specific tumor antigens. One attractive strategy is to use T cells that have undergone genetic modification to express a chimeric antigen receptor capable of interacting with tumor antigens. In this article, we will review chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, their advantages, drawbacks, challenges facing their use and how those challenges may be overcome.
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30
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Shao R, Taylor SL, Oh DS, Schwartz LM. Vascular heterogeneity and targeting: the role of YKL-40 in glioblastoma vascularization. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40507-18. [PMID: 26439689 PMCID: PMC4747349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioblastomas (GBM) are highly malignant brain tumors that have extensive and aberrant tumor vasculature, including multiple types of vessels. This review focuses on recent discoveries that the angiogenic factor YKL-40 (CHI3L1) acts on glioblastoma-stem like cells (GSCs) to drive the formation of two major forms of tumor vascularization: angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). GSCs possess multipotent cells able to transdifferentiate into vascular pericytes or smooth muscle cells (PC/SMCs) that either coordinate with endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate angiogenesis or assemble in the absence of ECs to form blood-perfused channels via VM. GBMs express high levels of YKL-40 that drives the divergent signaling cascades to mediate the formation of these distinct microvascular circulations. Although a variety of anti-tumor agents that target angiogenesis have demonstrated transient benefits for patients, they often fail to restrict tumor growth, which underscores the need for additional therapeutic tools. We propose that targeting YKL-40 may compliment conventional anti-angiogenic therapies to provide a substantial clinical benefit to patients with GBM and several other types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shao
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sherry L Taylor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis S Oh
- Department of Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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31
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Xie M, Wu XJ, Zhang JJ, He CS. IL-13 receptor α2 is a negative prognostic factor in human lung cancer and stimulates lung cancer growth in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32902-13. [PMID: 26418721 PMCID: PMC4741738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL13Rα2) is associated with poor prognosis in some cancers. However, the role of IL13Rα2 in lung cancer remains unknown. We showed that IL13Rα2 overexpression was associated with late stages of disease progression and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) as well as overall survival (OS) in resected lung cancer patients. IL13Rα2 promoted the migration, invasion and anoikis resistance of lung cancer cells in vitro. Silencing of IL13Rα2 in lung cancer cells decreased invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. IL13Rα2 activated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Inhibition of PI3K attenuated activation of TAZ and its downstream target genes by IL13Rα2. We suggest that inhibition of IL13Rα2 is a potential therapeutic approach in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Xie
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-sheng He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Characterization and Functional Analysis of scFv-based Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Redirect T Cells to IL13Rα2-positive Glioma. Mol Ther 2015; 24:354-363. [PMID: 26514825 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an attractive approach to improve outcomes for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). IL13Rα2 is expressed at a high frequency in GBM but not in normal brain, making it a promising CAR T-cell therapy target. IL13Rα2-specific CARs generated up to date contain mutated forms of IL13 as an antigen-binding domain. While these CARs target IL13Rα2, they also recognize IL13Rα1, which is broadly expressed. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a panel of IL13Rα2-specific CARs that contain the IL13Rα2-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) 47 as an antigen binding domain, short or long spacer regions, a transmembrane domain, and endodomains derived from costimulatory molecules and CD3.ζ (IL13Rα2-CARs). IL13Rα2-CAR T cells recognized IL13Rα2-positive target cells in coculture and cytotoxicity assays with no cross-reactivity to IL13Rα1. However, only IL13Rα2-CAR T cells with a short spacer region produced IL2 in an antigen-dependent fashion. In vivo, T cells expressing IL13Rα2-CARs with short spacer regions and CD28.ζ, 41BB.ζ, and CD28.OX40.ζ endodomains had potent anti-glioma activity conferring a significant survival advantage in comparison to mice that received control T cells. Thus, IL13Rα2-CAR T cells hold the promise to improve current IL13Rα2-targeted immunotherapy approaches for GBM and other IL13Rα2-positive malignancies.
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Suzuki A, Leland P, Joshi BH, Puri RK. Targeting of IL-4 and IL-13 receptors for cancer therapy. Cytokine 2015; 75:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Mao F, Wang M, Wang J, Xu WR. The role of 15-LOX-1 in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:661-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Shibasaki N, Yamasaki T, Kanno T, Arakaki R, Sakamoto H, Utsunomiya N, Inoue T, Tsuruyama T, Nakamura E, Ogawa O, Kamba T. Role of IL13RA2 in Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130980. [PMID: 26114873 PMCID: PMC4482605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin are well-known therapeutic targets for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Sunitinib is an agent that targets VEGF receptors and is considered to be a standard treatment for metastatic or unresectable clear cell RCC (ccRCC). However, ccRCC eventually develops resistance to sunitinib in most cases, and the mechanisms underlying this resistance are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we established unique primary xenograft models, KURC1 (Kyoto University Renal Cancer 1) and KURC2, from freshly isolated ccRCC specimens. The KURC1 xenograft initially responded to sunitinib treatment, however finally acquired resistance. KURC2 retained sensitivity to sunitinib for over 6 months. Comparing gene expression profiles between the two xenograft models with different sensitivity to sunitinib, we identified interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2) as a candidate molecule associated with the acquired sunitinib-resistance in ccRCC. And patients with high IL13RA2 expression in immunohistochemistry in primary ccRCC tumor tends to have sunitinib-resistant metastatic site. Next, we showed that sunitinib-sensitive 786-O cells acquired resistance in vivo when IL13RA2 was overexpressed. Conversely, shRNA-mediated knockdown of IL13RA2 successfully overcame the sunitinib-resistance in Caki-1 cells. Histopathological analyses revealed that IL13RA2 repressed sunitinib-induced apoptosis without increasing tumor vasculature in vivo. To our knowledge, this is a novel mechanism of developing resistance to sunitinib in a certain population of ccRCC, and these results indicate that IL13RA2 could be one of potential target to overcome sunitinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Shibasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshinari Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kanno
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Arakaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Utsunomiya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hess C, Neri D. The antibody-mediated targeted delivery of interleukin-13 to syngeneic murine tumors mediates a potent anticancer activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:635-44. [PMID: 25722088 PMCID: PMC11029586 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the expression and in vivo characterization of an antibody-cytokine fusion protein, based on murine Interleukin-13 (IL13) and the monoclonal antibody F8, specific to the alternatively spliced extra domain A of fibronectin, a marker of neo-angiogenesis. The IL13 moiety was fused at the C-terminal extremity of the F8 antibody in diabody format. The resulting F8-IL13 immunocytokine retained the full binding properties of the parental antibody and cytokine bioactivity. The fusion protein could be expressed in mammalian cells, purified to homogeneity and showed a preferential accumulation at the tumor site. When used as single agent at doses of 200 μg, F8-IL13 exhibited a strong inhibition of tumor growth rate in two models of cancer (F9 teratocarcinoma and Wehi-164), promoting an infiltration of various types of leukocytes into the neoplastic mass. This anticancer activity could be potentiated by combination with an immunocytokine based on the F8 antibody and murine IL12, leading to complete and long-lasting tumor eradications. Mice cured from Wehi-164 sarcomas acquired a durable protective antitumor immunity, and selective depletion of immune cells revealed that the antitumor activity was mainly mediated by cluster of differentiation 4-positive T cells. This study indicates that IL13 can be efficiently delivered to the tumor neo-vasculature and that it mediates a potent anticancer activity in the two models of cancer investigated in this study. The observed mechanism of action for F8-IL13 was surprising, since immunocytokines based on other payloads (e.g., IL2, IL4, IL12 and TNF) eradicate cancer by the combined contribution of natural killer cells and cluster of differentiation 8-positive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hess
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Shamran HA, Ghazi HF, Al-Salman A, Al-Juboory AA, Taub DD, Price RL, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Singh UP. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-13 Genes and Susceptibility to Glioma. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:790-6. [PMID: 26516307 PMCID: PMC4615239 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most aggressive and most common tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. The exact causes of glioma are not well known, but evidence suggests the involvement of genetic factors in addition to environmental risk factors. The present study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in IL-10-1082A/G, IL-12p40 1188C/A, and IL-13+2044G/A (rs20541) are associated with the incidence of glioma in Iraqi patients. Ninety-six patients with different grades of glioma and 40 apparently healthy individuals were recruited. A blood sample and genomic DNA were collected from all subjects. The amplification refractory mutation system and sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for genotyping of IL-10-1082A/G and IL-12p40 1188C/A, respectively; whereas, the IL-13+2044G/A was detected by DNA sequencing after amplification of the genes by PCR. All SNPs were within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and each appeared in three genotypes in patients and controls. In IL-10-1082A/G, these genotypes frequencies were AA (75%), AG (22.93%) and GG (2.07%) in patients as compared to similar frequencies (62.5%), (27.5%) and (10%) respectively, in controls. The variant IL-12p40 1188C/A genotype was AA (72.92%), AC (23.96%), and CC (3.13%%) in patients as compared to 65%, 30%, and 5%, respectively, in controls. The frequencies of IL-13+2044G/A genotypes (GG, GA, and AA) were 89.58%, 9.37%, and 1.04% among patients versus 47.5%, 32.5% and 20%, respectively, among controls. These results suggest a protective role of mutant alleles G and A in IL-10-1082A/G and IL-13+2044G/A against gliomas. Further studies with more rigorous parameter designs will be needed to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar A Shamran
- 1. Medical research Unit, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of AL-Nahrain, Baghdad Iraq
| | - Haidar F Ghazi
- 1. Medical research Unit, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of AL-Nahrain, Baghdad Iraq
| | - Ahmed Al-Salman
- 2. Biotechnology Department, School of Science, University of Baghdad
| | | | - Dennis D Taub
- 4. Center for Translational Studies, Medical Services, VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran Affairs, Washington DC, USA
| | - Robert L Price
- 5. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- 5. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- 5. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Udai P Singh
- 5. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
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38
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Seemann KM, Luysberg M, Révay Z, Kudejova P, Sanz B, Cassinelli N, Loidl A, Ilicic K, Multhoff G, Schmid TE. Magnetic heating properties and neutron activation of tungsten-oxide coated biocompatible FePt core-shell nanoparticles. J Control Release 2014; 197:131-7. [PMID: 25445697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are highly desirable for biomedical research and treatment of cancer especially when combined with hyperthermia. The efficacy of nanoparticle-based therapies could be improved by generating radioactive nanoparticles with a convenient decay time and which simultaneously have the capability to be used for locally confined heating. The core-shell morphology of such novel nanoparticles presented in this work involves a polysilico-tungstate molecule of the polyoxometalate family as a precursor coating material, which transforms into an amorphous tungsten oxide coating upon annealing of the FePt core-shell nanoparticles. The content of tungsten atoms in the nanoparticle shell is neutron activated using cold neutrons at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRMII) neutron facility and thereby transformed into the radioisotope W-187. The sizeable natural abundance of 28% for the W-186 precursor isotope, a radiopharmaceutically advantageous gamma-beta ratio of γβ≈30% and a range of approximately 1mm in biological tissue for the 1.3MeV β-radiation are promising features of the nanoparticles' potential for cancer therapy. Moreover, a high temperature annealing treatment enhances the magnetic moment of nanoparticles in such a way that a magnetic heating effect of several degrees Celsius in liquid suspension - a prerequisite for hyperthermia treatment of cancer - was observed. A rise in temperature of approximately 3°C in aqueous suspension is shown for a moderate nanoparticle concentration of 0.5mg/ml after 15min in an 831kHz high-frequency alternating magnetic field of 250Gauss field strength (25mT). The biocompatibility based on a low cytotoxicity in the non-neutron-activated state in combination with the hydrophilic nature of the tungsten oxide shell makes the coated magnetic FePt nanoparticles ideal candidates for advanced radiopharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Seemann
- Physik Department E21, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany; Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - M Luysberg
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-5) and Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Z Révay
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - P Kudejova
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - B Sanz
- nanoScale Biomagnetics SL, 50012 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - N Cassinelli
- nanoScale Biomagnetics SL, 50012 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Loidl
- Experimentalphysik V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - K Ilicic
- Klinikum rechts d. Isar, Department of Radiooncology and HMGU München, CCG - Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology", Technische Universität München, D-81675 München, Germany
| | - G Multhoff
- Klinikum rechts d. Isar, Department of Radiooncology and HMGU München, CCG - Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology", Technische Universität München, D-81675 München, Germany
| | - T E Schmid
- Klinikum rechts d. Isar, Department of Radiooncology and HMGU München, CCG - Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology", Technische Universität München, D-81675 München, Germany
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39
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Thaci B, Brown CE, Binello E, Werbaneth K, Sampath P, Sengupta S. Significance of interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2-targeted glioblastoma therapy. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1304-12. [PMID: 24723564 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most lethal primary brain tumors despite surgical and therapeutic advancements. Targeted therapies of neoplastic diseases, including GBM, have received a great deal of interest in recent years. A highly studied target of GBM is interleukin-13 receptor α chain variant 2 (IL13Rα2). Targeted therapies against IL13Rα2 in GBM include fusion chimera proteins of IL-13 and bacterial toxins, nanoparticles, and oncolytic viruses. In addition, immunotherapies have been developed using monoclonal antibodies and cell-based strategies such as IL13Rα2-pulsed dendritic cells and IL13Rα2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Advanced therapeutic development has led to the completion of phase I clinical trials for chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells and phase III clinical trials for IL-13-conjugated bacterial toxin, with promising outcomes. Selective expression of IL13Rα2 on tumor cells, while absent in the surrounding normal brain tissue, has motivated continued study of IL13Rα2 as an important candidate for targeted glioma therapy. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies targeting IL13Rα2 in GBM and discuss new advances and promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Thaci
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island (P.S., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (B.T., K.W., E.B., P.S., S.S.); Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Hospital, Duarte, California (C.E.B.)
| | - Christine E Brown
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island (P.S., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (B.T., K.W., E.B., P.S., S.S.); Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Hospital, Duarte, California (C.E.B.)
| | - Emanuela Binello
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island (P.S., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (B.T., K.W., E.B., P.S., S.S.); Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Hospital, Duarte, California (C.E.B.)
| | - Katherine Werbaneth
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island (P.S., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (B.T., K.W., E.B., P.S., S.S.); Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Hospital, Duarte, California (C.E.B.)
| | - Prakash Sampath
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island (P.S., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (B.T., K.W., E.B., P.S., S.S.); Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Hospital, Duarte, California (C.E.B.)
| | - Sadhak Sengupta
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island (P.S., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (B.T., K.W., E.B., P.S., S.S.); Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Hospital, Duarte, California (C.E.B.)
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40
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Brown CE, Warden CD, Starr R, Deng X, Badie B, Yuan YC, Forman SJ, Barish ME. Glioma IL13Rα2 is associated with mesenchymal signature gene expression and poor patient prognosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77769. [PMID: 24204956 PMCID: PMC3800130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for successful immunotherapy against glioma is the identification and characterization of validated targets. We have taken a bioinformatics approach towards understanding the biological context of IL-13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2) expression in brain tumors, and its functional significance for patient survival. Querying multiple gene expression databases, we show that IL13Rα2 expression increases with glioma malignancy grade, and expression for high-grade tumors is bimodal, with approximately 58% of WHO grade IV gliomas over-expressing this receptor. By several measures, IL13Rα2 expression in patient samples and low-passage primary glioma lines most consistently correlates with the expression of signature genes defining mesenchymal subclass tumors and negatively correlates with proneural signature genes as defined by two studies. Positive associations were also noted with proliferative signature genes, whereas no consistent associations were found with either classical or neural signature genes. Probing the potential functional consequences of this mesenchymal association through IPA analysis suggests that IL13Rα2 expression is associated with activation of proinflammatory and immune pathways characteristic of mesenchymal subclass tumors. In addition, survival analyses indicate that IL13Rα2 over-expression is associated with poor patient prognosis, a single gene correlation ranking IL13Rα2 in the top ~1% of total gene expression probes with regard to survival association with WHO IV gliomas. This study better defines the functional consequences of IL13Rα2 expression by demonstrating association with mesenchymal signature gene expression and poor patient prognosis. It thus highlights the utility of IL13Rα2 as a therapeutic target, and helps define patient populations most likely to respond to immunotherapy in present and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Brown
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology and Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles D. Warden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology and Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Xutao Deng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Behnam Badie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Forman
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology and Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Barish
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
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41
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Zhou R, Qian S, Gu X, Chen Z, Xiang J. Interleukin-13 and its receptors in colorectal cancer (Review). Biomed Rep 2013; 1:687-690. [PMID: 24649010 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 is an immunoregulatory cytokine secreted by numerous immune cells. Its functions are similar to those of IL-4 and they share a common receptor. This cytokine has been included in recent studies on human tumors and malignant diseases, evoking a scientific interest to investigate the role of IL-13 and its receptors as novel biomarkers and targets for therapy. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, its prognosis is not promising and the efficacy of molecular-targeted therapy has not been established. This review summarizes the currently available data on the role of IL-13 and its receptors in colorectal cancer, including the signaling pathways involved in mediating the effects of IL-13, the role of IL-13 and/or its receptors in the prediction of cancer and several drugs targeting IL-13 or its receptors that are currently under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shiguang Qian
- Department of Immunology and General Surgery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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42
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Co-evolution of breast-to-brain metastasis and neural progenitor cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:753-68. [PMID: 23456474 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain colonization by metastatic tumor cells offers a unique opportunity to investigate microenvironmental influences on the neoplastic process. The bi-directional interplay of breast cancer cells (mesodermal origin) and brain cells (neuroectodermal origin) is poorly understood and rarely investigated. In our patients undergoing neurosurgical resection of breast-to-brain metastases, specimens from the tumor/brain interface exhibited increased active gliosis as previously described. In addition, our histological characterization revealed infiltration of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) both outside and inside the tumor margin, leading us to investigate the cellular and molecular interactions between NPCs and metastases. Since signaling by the TGF-β superfamily is involved in both developmental neurobiology and breast cancer pathogenesis, we examined the role of these proteins in the context of brain metastases. The brain-metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231Br (231Br) expressed BMP-2 at significantly higher levels compared to its matched primary breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (231). Co-culturing was used to examine bi-directional cellular effects and the relevance of BMP-2 overexpression. When co-cultured with NPCs, 231 (primary) tumor cells failed to proliferate over 15 days. However, 231Br (brain metastatic) tumor cells co-cultured with NPCs escaped growth inhibition after day 5 and proliferated, occurring in parallel with NPC differentiation into astrocytes. Using shRNA and gene knock-in, we then demonstrated BMP-2 secreted by 231Br cells mediated NPC differentiation into astrocytes and concomitant tumor cell proliferation in vitro. In xenografts, overexpression of BMP-2 in primary breast cancer cells significantly enhanced their ability to engraft and colonize the brain, thereby creating a metastatic phenotype. Conversely, BMP-2 knockdown in metastatic breast cancer cells significantly diminished engraftment and colonization. The results suggest metastatic tumor cells create a permissive neural niche by steering NPC differentiation toward astrocytes through paracrine BMP-2 signaling.
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43
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Yeung YT, McDonald KL, Grewal T, Munoz L. Interleukins in glioblastoma pathophysiology: implications for therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:591-606. [PMID: 23062197 PMCID: PMC3579281 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable amount of research, the poor prognosis of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) critically needs new drug development to improve clinical outcomes. The development of an inflammatory microenvironment has long been considered important in the initiation and progression of glioblastoma; however, the success of developing therapeutic approaches to target inflammation for GBM therapy has yet been limited. Here, we summarize the accumulating evidence supporting a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, discuss anti-inflammatory targets that could be relevant for GBM treatment and provide a perspective on the challenges faced in the development of drugs that target GBM inflammation. In particular, we will review the function of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as the potential of kinase inhibitors targeting key players in inflammatory cell signalling cascades such as JAK, JNK and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Yeung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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44
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Hallett MA, Venmar KT, Fingleton B. Cytokine stimulation of epithelial cancer cells: the similar and divergent functions of IL-4 and IL-13. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6338-43. [PMID: 23222300 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and -13 are acknowledged regulators of lymphocyte proliferation and activation. They have also been well studied in the regulation of various myeloid-derived populations in tumor biology. It has become clear, however, that both cytokines can have direct effects on epithelial tumor cells expressing appropriate receptors. Changes in tumor proliferation, survival, and metastatic capability have all been ascribed to IL-4 and/or IL-13 action. Here, we evaluate the evidence to support direct tumor-promoting roles of these cytokines. We also identify the questions that should be addressed before proceeding with therapeutic approaches based on neutralization of IL-4 or IL-13 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Hallett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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45
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Nguyen V, Conyers JM, Zhu D, Gibo DM, Hantgan RR, Larson SM, Debinski W, Mintz A. A novel ligand delivery system to non-invasively visualize and therapeutically exploit the IL13Rα2 tumor-restricted biomarker. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:1239-53. [PMID: 22952195 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to exploit a novel ligand-based delivery system for targeting diagnostic and therapeutic agents to cancers that express interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2), a tumor-restricted plasma membrane receptor overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), meningiomas, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and other peripheral tumors. On the basis of our prior work, we designed a novel IL13Rα2-targeted quadruple mutant of IL13 (TQM13) to selectively bind the tumor-restricted IL13Rα2 with high affinity but not significantly interact with the physiologically abundant IL13Rα1/IL4Rα heterodimer that is also expressed in normal brain. We then assessed the in vitro binding profile of TQM13 and its potential to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic radioactivity in vivo. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR; Biacore) binding experiments demonstrated that TQM13 bound strongly to recombinant IL13Rα2 (Kd∼5 nM). In addition, radiolabeled TQM13 specifically bound IL13Rα2-expressing GBM cells and specimens but not normal brain. Of importance, TQM13 did not functionally activate IL13Rα1/IL4Rα in cells or bind to it in SPR binding assays, in contrast to wtIL13. Furthermore, in vivo targeting of systemically delivered radiolabeled TQM13 to IL13Rα2-expressing subcutaneous tumors was demonstrated and confirmed non-invasively for the first time with 124I-TQM13 positron emission tomography imaging. In addition, 131I-TQM13 demonstrated in vivo efficacy against subcutaneous IL13Rα2-expressing GBM tumors and in an orthotopic synergeic IL13Rα2-positive murine glioma model, as evidenced by statistically significant survival advantage. Our results demonstrate that we have successfully generated an optimized biomarker-targeted scaffolding that exhibited specific binding activity toward the tumor-associated IL13Rα2 in vitro and potential to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic payloads in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen
- The Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosurgery, USA
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Nakashima H, Husain SR, Puri RK. IL-13 receptor-directed cancer vaccines and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:443-51. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many immunotherapy approaches including therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting specific tumor-associated antigens are at various stages of development. Although the significance of overexpression of (IL-13Rα2) in cancer is being actively investigated, we have reported that IL-13Rα2 is a novel tumor-associated antigen. The IL-13Rα2-directed cancer vaccine is one of the most promising approaches to tumor immunotherapy, because of the selective expression of IL-13Rα2 in various solid tumor types but not in normal tissues. In this article, we will summarize its present status and potential strategies to improve IL-13Rα2-directed cancer vaccines for an optimal therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakashima
- Tumor Vaccines & Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular & Gene Therapies, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN20, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Syed R Husain
- Tumor Vaccines & Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular & Gene Therapies, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN20, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines & Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular & Gene Therapies, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN20, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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