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Maranto C, Sabharwal L, Udhane V, Pitzen SP, McCluskey B, Qi S, O’Connor C, Devi S, Johnson S, Jacobsohn K, Banerjee A, Iczkowski KA, Wang L, Dehm SM, Nevalainen MT. Stat5 induces androgen receptor ( AR) gene transcription in prostate cancer and offers a druggable pathway to target AR signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi2742. [PMID: 38416822 PMCID: PMC10901378 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) drives prostate cancer (PC) growth and progression, and targeting AR signaling is the mainstay of pharmacological therapies for PC. Resistance develops relatively fast as a result of refueled AR activity. A major gap in the field is the lack of understanding of targetable mechanisms that induce persistent AR expression in castrate-resistant PC (CRPC). This study uncovers an unexpected function of active Stat5 signaling, a known promoter of PC growth and clinical progression, as a potent inducer of AR gene transcription. Stat5 suppression inhibited AR gene transcription in preclinical PC models and reduced the levels of wild-type, mutated, and truncated AR proteins. Pharmacological Stat5 inhibition by a specific small-molecule Stat5 inhibitor down-regulated Stat5-inducible genes as well as AR and AR-regulated genes and suppressed PC growth. This work introduces the concept of Stat5 as an inducer of AR gene transcription in PC. Pharmacological Stat5 inhibitors may represent a new strategy for suppressing AR and CRPC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maranto
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel P. Pitzen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Braedan McCluskey
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Songyan Qi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christine O’Connor
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Savita Devi
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott Johnson
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth Jacobsohn
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marja T. Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Liongue C, Ward AC. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diseases Mediated by Chronic Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:313. [PMID: 38254802 PMCID: PMC10813624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic diseases characterized by the clonal expansion of single or multiple lineages of differentiated myeloid cells that accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. MPNs are grouped into distinct categories based on key clinical presentations and distinctive mutational hallmarks. These include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is strongly associated with the signature BCR::ABL1 gene translocation, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary (idiopathic) myelofibrosis (PMF), typically accompanied by molecular alterations in the JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes. There are also rarer forms such as chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), which involves mutations in the CSF3R gene. However, rather than focusing on the differences between these alternate disease categories, this review aims to present a unifying molecular etiology in which these overlapping diseases are best understood as disruptions of normal hematopoietic signaling: specifically, the chronic activation of signaling pathways, particularly involving signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, most notably STAT5B, leading to the sustained stimulation of myelopoiesis, which underpins the various disease sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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3
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Chen MN, Fang ZX, Wu Z, Bai JW, Li RH, Wen XF, Zhang GJ, Liu J. Notch3 restricts metastasis of breast cancers through regulation of the JAK/STAT5A signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1257. [PMID: 38124049 PMCID: PMC10734157 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) in the metastasis of breast cancer, and its mechanism of regulation underlying. METHODS AND RESULTS TCGA datasets were used to evaluate the expression of STAT5A in normal and different cancerous tissues through TIMER2.0, indicating that STAT5A level was decreased in breast cancer tissues compared with normal ones. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis predicted that STAT5A was associated with the activation of immune cells and cell cycle process. We further demonstrated that the infiltration of immune cells was positively associated with STAT5A level. Influorescence staining revealed the expression and distribution of F-actin was regulated by STAT5A, while colony formation assay, wound healing and transwell assays predicted the inhibitory role of STAT5A in the colony formation, migratory and invasive abilities in breast cancer cells. In addition, overexpression of the Notch3 intracellular domain (N3ICD), the active form of Notch3, resulted in the increased expression of STAT5A. Conversely, silencing of Notch3 expression by siNotch3 decreased STAT5A expression, supporting that STAT5A expression is positively associated with Notch3 in human breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Notch3 was directly bound to the STAT5A promoter and induced the expression of STAT5A. Moreover, overexpressing STAT5A partially reversed the enhanced mobility of breast cancer cells following Notch3 silencing. Low expression of Notch3 and STAT5A predicted poorer prognosis of patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that Notch3 inhibits metastasis in breast cancer through inducing transcriptionally STAT5A, which was associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, providing a novel strategy to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Na Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology/Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong-Hui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology/Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine/Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Kaneshige A, Bai L, Wang M, McEachern D, Meagher JL, Xu R, Kirchhoff PD, Wen B, Sun D, Stuckey JA, Wang S. Discovery of a Potent and Selective STAT5 PROTAC Degrader with Strong Antitumor Activity In Vivo in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2717-2743. [PMID: 36735833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STAT5 is an attractive therapeutic target for human cancers. We report herein the discovery of a potent and selective STAT5 degrader with strong antitumor activity in vivo. We first obtained small-molecule ligands with sub-micromolar to low micromolar binding affinities to STAT5 and STAT6 SH2 domains and determined co-crystal structures of three such ligands in complex with STAT5A. We successfully transformed these ligands into potent and selective STAT5 degraders using the PROTAC technology with AK-2292 as the best compound. AK-2292 effectively induces degradation of STAT5A, STAT5B, and phosphorylated STAT5 proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and demonstrates excellent degradation selectivity for STAT5 over all other STAT members. It exerts potent and specific cell growth inhibitory activity in AML cell lines with high levels of phosphorylated STAT5. AK-2292 effectively reduces STAT5 protein in vivo and achieves strong antitumor activity in mice at well-tolerated dose schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Kaneshige
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Longchuan Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer L Meagher
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Renqi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul D Kirchhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne A Stuckey
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Bartolo ND, Mortimer N, Manter MA, Sanchez N, Riley M, O'Malley TT, Hooker JM. Identification and Prioritization of PET Neuroimaging Targets for Microglial Phenotypes Associated with Microglial Activity in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3641-3660. [PMID: 36473177 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglial cells accompanies the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Development of molecular imaging tools specific to microglia can help elucidate the mechanism through which microglia contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Through analysis of published genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data sets, we identified 19 genes with microglia-specific expression that we then ranked based on association with the AD characteristics, change in expression, and potential druggability of the target. We believe that the process we used to identify and rank microglia-specific genes is broadly applicable to the identification and evaluation of targets in other disease areas and for applications beyond molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Bartolo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Niall Mortimer
- Human Biology and Data Science, Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Mariah A Manter
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Nicholas Sanchez
- Human Biology and Data Science, Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Misha Riley
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Human Biology and Data Science, Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Genomic Mutations of the STAT5 Transcription Factor Are Associated with Human Cancer and Immune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911297. [PMID: 36232600 PMCID: PMC9569778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activation of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a key transcription factor that regulates various biological processes in mammalian development. Aberrant regulation of STAT5 has also been causally linked to many diseases, including cancers and immune-related diseases. Although persistent activation of STAT5 due to dysregulation of the signaling cascade has been reported to be associated with the progression of solid tumors and leukemia, various genomic mutations of STAT5 have also been found to cause a wide range of diseases. The present review comprehensively summarizes results of recent studies evaluating the intrinsic function of STAT5 and the link between STAT5 mutations and human diseases. This review also describes the types of disease models useful for investigating the mechanism underlying STAT5-driven disease progression. These findings provide basic knowledge for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of STAT5 and the progression of various diseases resulting from aberrant regulation of STAT5. Moreover, this review may provide insights needed to create optimal disease models that reflect human disease associated STAT5 mutations and to design gene therapies to correct STAT5 mutations.
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Bajusz D, Keserű GM. Maximizing the integration of virtual and experimental screening in hit discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:629-640. [PMID: 35671403 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2085685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental and virtual screening contributes to the discovery of more than 50% of clinical candidates. Considering the similar concept and goals, early-phase drug discovery would benefit from the effective integration of these approaches. AREAS COVERED After reviewing the recent trends in both experimental and virtual screening, the authors discuss different integration strategies from parallel, focused, sequential, and iterative screening. Strategic considerations are demonstrated in a number of real-life case studies. EXPERT OPINION Experimental and virtual screening are complementary approaches that should be integrated in lead discovery settings. Virtual screening can access extremely large synthetically feasible chemical space that can be effectively searched on GPU clusters or cloud architectures. Experimental screening provides reliable datasets by quantitative HTS applications, and DNA-encoded libraries (DEL) have enlarged the chemical space covered by these technologies. These developments, together with the use of artificial intelligence methods, represent new options for their efficient integration. The case studies discussed here demonstrate the benefits of complementary strategies, such as focused and iterative screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Second-Generation Jak2 Inhibitors for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Are We Ready for Clinical Development? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205204. [PMID: 34680353 PMCID: PMC8533841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate Cancer (PC) is currently estimated to affect 1 in 9 men and is the second leading cause of cancer in men in the US. While androgen deprivation therapy, which targets the androgen receptor, is one of the front-line therapies for advanced PC and for recurrence of organ-confined PC treated with surgery, lethal castrate-resistant PC develops consistently in patients. PC is a multi-focal cancer with different grade carcinoma areas presenting simultaneously. Jak2-Stat5 signaling pathway has emerged as a potentially highly effective molecular target in PCs with positive areas for activated Stat5 protein. Activated Jak2-Stat5 signaling can be readily targeted by the second-generation Jak2-inhibitors that have been developed for myeloproliferative and autoimmune disorders and hematological malignancies. In this review, we analyze and summarize the Jak2 inhibitors that are currently in preclinical and clinical development. Abstract Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic and high-risk prostate cancer (PC) inhibits growth pathways driven by the androgen receptor (AR). Over time, ADT leads to the emergence of lethal castrate-resistant PC (CRPC), which is consistently caused by an acquired ability of tumors to re-activate AR. This has led to the development of second-generation anti-androgens that more effectively antagonize AR, such as enzalutamide (ENZ). However, the resistance of CRPC to ENZ develops rapidly. Studies utilizing preclinical models of PC have established that inhibition of the Jak2-Stat5 signaling leads to extensive PC cell apoptosis and decreased tumor growth. In large clinical cohorts, Jak2-Stat5 activity predicts PC progression and recurrence. Recently, Jak2-Stat5 signaling was demonstrated to induce ENZ-resistant PC growth in preclinical PC models, further emphasizing the importance of Jak2-Stat5 for therapeutic targeting for advanced PC. The discovery of the Jak2V617F somatic mutation in myeloproliferative disorders triggered the rapid development of Jak1/2-specific inhibitors for a variety of myeloproliferative and auto-immune disorders as well as hematological malignancies. Here, we review Jak2 inhibitors targeting the mutated Jak2V617F vs. wild type (WT)-Jak2 that are currently in the development pipeline. Among these 35 compounds with documented Jak2 inhibitory activity, those with potency against WT-Jak2 hold strong potential for advanced PC therapy.
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Porazzi P, De Dominici M, Salvino J, Calabretta B. Targeting the CDK6 Dependence of Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091355. [PMID: 34573335 PMCID: PMC8467343 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ph+ ALL is a poor-prognosis leukemia subtype driven by the BCR-ABL1 oncogene, either the p190- or the p210-BCR/ABL isoform in a 70:30 ratio. Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the drugs of choice in the therapy of Ph+ ALL. In combination with standard chemotherapy, TKIs have markedly improved the outcome of Ph+ ALL, in particular if this treatment is followed by bone marrow transplantation. However, resistance to TKIs develops with high frequency, causing leukemia relapse that results in <5-year overall survival. Thus, new therapies are needed to address relapsed/TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL. We have shown that expression of cell cycle regulatory kinase CDK6, but not of the highly related CDK4 kinase, is required for the proliferation and survival of Ph+ ALL cells. Comparison of leukemia suppression induced by treatment with the clinically-approved dual CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib versus CDK6 silencing revealed that the latter treatment was markedly more effective, probably reflecting inhibition of CDK6 kinase-independent effects. Thus, we developed CDK4/6-targeted proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that preferentially degrade CDK6 over CDK4. One compound termed PROTAC YX-2-107, which degrades CDK6 by recruiting the Cereblon ubiquitin ligase, markedly suppressed leukemia burden in mice injected with de novo or TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL. The effect of PROTAC YX-2-107 was comparable or superior to that of palbociclib. The development of CDK6-selective PROTACs represents an effective strategy to exploit the “CDK6 dependence” of Ph+ ALL cells while sparing a high proportion of normal hematopoietic progenitors that depend on both CDK6 and CDK6 for their survival. In combination with other agents, CDK6-selective PROTACs may be valuable components of chemotherapy-free protocols for the therapy of Ph+ ALL and other CDK6-dependent hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Porazzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco De Dominici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | | | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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Circulating miRNAs can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Leuk Res Rep 2021; 16:100257. [PMID: 34401317 PMCID: PMC8355908 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder described as a malignant blood disorder by accounts for 15–20% of all adult leukemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expressions. Expression level of tumor suppressor-miRNAs, described as miRNAs that target the oncogens, can contribute to diagnosis and prognosis of some malignant disorders including CML. We theorized that according to the excessive proliferation and alteration in miRNA expressions, there could be a change in the expression of miRNAs in plasma carried by exosomes. Methods We consequently decided to detect the differences between normal and aberrant miRNA expression in human plasma sample to find out the possibility of diagnosis by these alterations. The expression of candidate miRNAs were compared using RNA extracted from the plasma of 50 patients, as well as 30 healthy individuals. We analysed the plasma miR-16-1, miR-20, miR-106, miR-126, miR-155, miR-222, and miR-451 expression levels in CML patients by individual real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results All selected miRNAs were found to be upregulated in newly diagnosed CML patients compared to the control, while upregulation of only three (miR-20, 106 and 222) were significant (17.4, 19 and 74.95 fold change, respectively; p<0.0001). In conclusion microRNAs have a potential use in treatment of CML, as they can target the genes involved in cell cycle, MAPK, growth inhibition, TGF beta, and p53 signaling pathways. Therefore, these miRNA signatures provide the basis for their utilization as biomarkers in CML.
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Polomski M, Brachet-Botineau M, Juen L, Viaud-Massuard MC, Gouilleux F, Prié G. Inhibitors Targeting STAT5 Signaling in Myeloid Leukemias: New Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives with Improved Antileukemic Potential. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1034-1046. [PMID: 33275308 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5A and 5B (STAT5A and STAT5B) are two closely related STAT family members that are crucial downstream effectors of tyrosine kinase oncoproteins such as FLT3-ITD in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We recently developed and reported the synthesis of a first molecule called 17 f that selectively inhibits STAT5 signaling in myeloid leukemia cells and overcomes their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. To improve the antileukemic effect of 17 f, we synthesized ten analogs of this molecule and analyzed their impact on cell growth, survival, chemoresistance and STAT5 signaling. Two compounds, 7 a and 7 a', were identified as having similar or higher antileukemic effects in various AML and CML cell lines. Both molecules were found to be more effective than 17 f at inhibiting STAT5 activity/expression and suppressing the chemoresistance of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Polomski
- Equipe IMT "Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique" - GICC EA7501, Université de Tours-Labex SYNORG, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 av. Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Equipe LNOx "Niche Leucémique & Métabolisme Oxydatif" - GICC ERL 7001 CNRS, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10bis bvd Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Equipe IMT "Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique" - GICC EA7501, Université de Tours-Labex SYNORG, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 av. Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Equipe IMT "Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique" - GICC EA7501, Université de Tours-Labex SYNORG, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 av. Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Equipe LNOx "Niche Leucémique & Métabolisme Oxydatif" - GICC ERL 7001 CNRS, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10bis bvd Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Gildas Prié
- Equipe IMT "Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique" - GICC EA7501, Université de Tours-Labex SYNORG, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 av. Monge, 37200, Tours, France
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12
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Damerau A, Gaber T, Ohrndorf S, Hoff P. JAK/STAT Activation: A General Mechanism for Bone Development, Homeostasis, and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9004. [PMID: 33256266 PMCID: PMC7729940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway serves as an important downstream mediator for a variety of cytokines, hormones, and growth factors. Emerging evidence suggests JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in bone development, metabolism, and healing. In this light, pro-inflammatory cytokines are now clearly implicated in these processes as they can perturb normal bone remodeling through their action on osteoclasts and osteoblasts at both intra- and extra-articular skeletal sites. Here, we summarize the role of JAK/STAT pathway on development, homeostasis, and regeneration based on skeletal phenotype of individual JAK and STAT gene knockout models and selective inhibition of components of the JAK/STAT signaling including influences of JAK inhibition in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Damerau
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Ohrndorf
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
| | - Paula Hoff
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Endokrinologikum Berlin am Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Prospects for Clinical Development of Stat5 Inhibitor IST5-002: High Transcriptomic Specificity in Prostate Cancer and Low Toxicity In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113412. [PMID: 33217941 PMCID: PMC7724566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an unmet medical need for new and potent pharmacological inhibitor drugs for the protein Stat5 that would be orally bioavailable for treatment of several different cancers. Previous work has established a critical role for Stat5 in molecular and clinical progression of prostate cancer to metastatic disease and in the pathogenesis of several leukemias and blood-based disorders. Our group has developed a potent pharmacological inhibitor for Stat5, IST5-002, which targets two critical steps in the activation process of Stat5 in cancer cells. In the present work, we evaluated the characteristics of IST5-002 for further development into a cancer drug. We evaluated whether IST5-002 affects the Stat5 targets genes in prostate cancer, defined more closely its mechanisms of action, and investigated its initial toxicity as the basis for further development in order to enable its entrance into clinical testing in patients. Our study supports optimization of IST5-002 compound for oral bioavailability and for clinical development. Abstract Stat5 is of significant interest in the search for new therapeutics for prostate cancer (PC) and hematopoietic disorders. We evaluated the transcriptomic specificity of the Stat5a/b inhibitor IST5-002 (IST5) in PC, defined more closely its mechanisms of action, and investigated the in vivo toxicity of IST5 for further optimization for clinical development. The transcriptomic specificity of IST5 vs. genetic Stat5 knockdown was evaluated by RNA-seq analysis, which showed high similarity with the Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.98–0.99. The potency of IST5 vs. its derivative lacking the phosphate group in suppressing Stat5 was evaluated in two separate but complementary assays. The inhibitory activity of IST5 against kinases was investigated in cell-free assays followed by more focused evaluation in a cell-based assay. IST5 has no specific inhibitory activity against 54 kinases, while suppressing Stat5 phosphorylation and subsequent dimerization in PC cells. The phosphate group was not critical for the biological activity of IST5 in cells. The acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity studies of IST5 were carried out in mice. IST5 did not cause any significant toxic effects or changes in the blood profiles. The present work supports further optimization of IST5 for oral bioavailability for clinical development for therapies for solid tumors, hematological and myeloproliferative disorders.
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14
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Yu C, Qi X, Lin Y, Li Y, Shen B. iODA: An integrated tool for analysis of cancer pathway consistency from heterogeneous multi-omics data. J Biomed Inform 2020; 112:103605. [PMID: 33096244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the next generation sequencing technology have greatly facilitated the extensive research of genomics and transcriptomics, thereby promoting the decoding of carcinogenesis with unprecedented resolution. Considering the contribution of analyzing high-throughput multi-omics data to the exploration of cancer molecular mechanisms, an integrated tool for heterogeneous multi-omics data analysis (iODA) is proposed for the systems-level interpretation of multi-omics data, i.e., transcriptomic profiles (mRNA or miRNA expression data) and protein-DNA interactions (ChIP-Seq data). Considering the data heterogeneity, iODA can compare six statistical algorithms in differential analysis for the selected sample data and assist users in choosing the globally optimal one for dysfunctional mRNA or miRNA identification. Since molecular signatures are more consistent at the pathway level than at the gene level, the tool is able to enrich the identified dysfunctional molecules onto the KEGG pathways and extracted the consistent items as key components for further pathogenesis investigation. Compared with other tools, iODA is multi-functional for the systematic analysis of different level of omics data, and its analytical power was demonstrated through case studies of single and cross-level prostate cancer omics data. iODA is open source under GNU GPL and can be downloaded from http://www.sysbio.org.cn/iODA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of Service Outsourcing, Suzhou, China; Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Qi
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China; Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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15
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Contartese D, Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Fini M. Relevance of humanized three-dimensional tumor tissue models: a descriptive systematic literature review. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3913-3944. [PMID: 32285137 PMCID: PMC11104864 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in tumor screening, diagnosis, and treatment, to date, tumors remain one of the leading causes of death, principally due to metastasis and the physiological damage produced by tumor growth. Among the main limits related to the study of tumor physiology there is the complex and heterogeneity nature of its environment and the absence of relevant, simple and inexpensive models able to mimic the biological processes occurring in patients allowing the correct clinical translation of results. To enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of tumors and to develop and evaluate new therapeutic approaches the set-up of advanced and alternative models is mandatory. One of the more translational approaches seems to be the use of humanized three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture. This model allows to accurately mimic tumor morphology and biology, maintaining the native microenvironment without any manipulation. However, little is still known on the real clinical relevance of these models for the study of tumor mechanisms and for the screening of new therapy. The aim of this descriptive systematic literature review was to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge on human 3D tumor tissue culture models. We reviewed the strategies employed by researchers to set-up these systems, also considering the different approaches and culture conditions used. All these aspects greatly contribute to the existing knowledge on tumors, providing a specific link to clinical scenarios and making the humanized 3D tumor tissue models a more attractive tool both for researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Contartese
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Veronesi
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Fini
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Manipulation of JAK/STAT Signalling by High-Risk HPVs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for HPV-Associated Malignancies. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090977. [PMID: 32899142 PMCID: PMC7552066 DOI: 10.3390/v12090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, DNA viruses that cause around 5% of all cancers in humans, including almost all cervical cancer cases and a significant proportion of anogenital and oral cancers. The HPV oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 manipulate cellular signalling pathways to evade the immune response and promote virus persistence. The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway has emerged as a key mediator in a wide range of important biological signalling pathways, including cell proliferation, cell survival and the immune response. While STAT1 and STAT2 primarily drive immune signalling initiated by interferons, STAT3 and STAT5 have widely been linked to the survival and proliferative potential of a number of cancers. As such, the inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5 may offer a therapeutic benefit in HPV-associated cancers. In this review, we will discuss how HPV manipulates JAK/STAT signalling to evade the immune system and promote cell proliferation, enabling viral persistence and driving cancer development. We also discuss approaches to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway and how these could potentially be used in the treatment of HPV-associated disease.
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17
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Hall WA, Sabharwal L, Udhane V, Maranto C, Nevalainen MT. Cytokines, JAK-STAT Signaling and Radiation-Induced DNA Repair in Solid Tumors: Novel Opportunities for Radiation Therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 127:105827. [PMID: 32822847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of solid tumors are treated with radiation therapy (RT) as a curative modality. At the same time, for certain types of cancers the applicable doses of RT are not high enough to result in a successful eradication of cancer cells. This is often caused by limited pharmacological tools and strategies to selectively sensitize tumors to RT while simultaneously sparing normal tissues from RT. We present an outline of a novel strategy for RT sensitization of solid tumors utilizing Jak inhibitors. Here, recently published pre-clinical data are reviewed which demonstrate the promising role of Jak inhibition in sensitization of tumors to RT. A wide number of currently approved Jak inhibitors for non-malignant conditions are summarized including Jak inhibitors currently in clinical development. Finally, intersection between Jak/Stat and the levels of serum cytokines are presented and discussed as they relate to susceptibility to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Hall
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Cristina Maranto
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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18
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Gräb J, Berg T. The Selectivity of Fosfosal for STAT5b over STAT5a is Mediated by Arg566 in the Linker Domain. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2264-2267. [PMID: 32227557 PMCID: PMC7496286 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fosfosal is the O-phosphorylated derivative of salicylic acid, with documented clinical use as a prodrug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We recently discovered that fosfosal itself inhibits the protein-protein interaction domain, the SH2 domain, of the tumor-related transcription factor STAT5b. Here, we demonstrate that fosfosal is selective for STAT5b over its close homologue STAT5a. This selectivity is mediated by the STAT5b residue Arg566, located in the SH2 domain-adjacent linker domain. Our data provide further evidence for the role of the STAT linker domain in determining the activity of small molecules against the SH2 domain. We present a refined binding model for fosfosal and STAT5b, which can serve as the basis for the development of fosfosal-based STAT5b inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gräb
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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19
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Cytokines and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling in prostate cancer: overview and therapeutic opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Brachet-Botineau M, Polomski M, Neubauer HA, Juen L, Hédou D, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E240. [PMID: 31963765 PMCID: PMC7016966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3 and 5 are important effectors of cellular transformation, and aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling have been demonstrated in hematopoietic cancers. STAT3 and STAT5 are common targets for different tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKOs). In addition, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins were shown to contain activating mutations in some rare but aggressive leukemias/lymphomas. Both proteins also contribute to drug resistance in hematopoietic malignancies and are now well recognized as major targets in cancer treatment. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations during the last decade. This review summarizes the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions in hematopoietic cancers as well as advances in preclinical and clinical development of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Marion Polomski
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Damien Hédou
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
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21
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Orlova A, Wagner C, de Araujo ED, Bajusz D, Neubauer HA, Herling M, Gunning PT, Keserű GM, Moriggl R. Direct Targeting Options for STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1930. [PMID: 31817042 PMCID: PMC6966570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5 are important transcription factors that are able to mediate or even drive cancer progression through hyperactivation or gain-of-function mutations. Mutated STAT3 is mainly associated with large granular lymphocytic T-cell leukemia, whereas mutated STAT5B is associated with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and γδ T-cell-derived lymphomas. Hyperactive STAT3 and STAT5 are also implicated in various hematopoietic and solid malignancies, such as chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma or prostate cancer. Classical understanding of STAT functions is linked to their phosphorylated parallel dimer conformation, in which they induce gene transcription. However, the functions of STAT proteins are not limited to their phosphorylated dimerization form. In this review, we discuss the functions and the roles of unphosphorylated STAT3/5 in the context of chromatin remodeling, as well as the impact of STAT5 oligomerization on differential gene expression in hematopoietic neoplasms. The central involvement of STAT3/5 in cancer has made these molecules attractive targets for small-molecule drug development, but currently there are no direct STAT3/5 inhibitors of clinical grade available. We summarize the development of inhibitors against the SH2 domains of STAT3/5 and discuss their applicability as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Christina Wagner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne University, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
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22
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Natarajan K, Müller-Klieser D, Rubner S, Berg T. Stafia-1: a STAT5a-Selective Inhibitor Developed via Docking-Based Screening of in Silico O-Phosphorylated Fragments. Chemistry 2019; 26:148-154. [PMID: 31503360 PMCID: PMC6973011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach for the identification of inhibitors of phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interaction domains, in which phenolic fragments are adapted by in silico O-phosphorylation before docking-based screening. From a database of 10 369 180 compounds, we identified 85 021 natural product-derived phenolic fragments, which were virtually O-phosphorylated and screened for in silico binding to the STAT3 SH2 domain. Nine screening hits were then synthesized, eight of which showed a degree of in vitro inhibition of STAT3. After analysis of its selectivity profile, the most potent inhibitor was then developed to Stafia-1, the first small molecule shown to preferentially inhibit the STAT family member STAT5a over the close homologue STAT5b. A phosphonate prodrug based on Stafia-1 inhibited STAT5a with selectivity over STAT5b in human leukemia cells, providing the first demonstration of selective in vitro and intracellular inhibition of STAT5a by a small-molecule inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi Natarajan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Müller-Klieser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Maurer B, Kollmann S, Pickem J, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V. STAT5A and STAT5B-Twins with Different Personalities in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1726. [PMID: 31690038 PMCID: PMC6895831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B have essential roles in survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells-which have been considered largely redundant. Mutations of upstream kinases, copy number gains, or activating mutations in STAT5A, or more frequently in STAT5B, cause altered hematopoiesis and cancer. Interfering with their activity by pharmacological intervention is an up-and-coming therapeutic avenue. Precision medicine requests detailed knowledge of STAT5A's and STAT5B's individual functions. Recent evidence highlights the privileged role for STAT5B over STAT5A in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we provide an overview on their individual functions within the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Pickem
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Udhane V, Maranto C, Hoang DT, Gu L, Erickson A, Devi S, Talati PG, Banerjee A, Iczkowski KA, Jacobsohn K, See WA, Mirtti T, Kilari D, Nevalainen MT. Enzalutamide-Induced Feed-Forward Signaling Loop Promotes Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth Providing an Exploitable Molecular Target for Jak2 Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:231-246. [PMID: 31548294 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The second-generation antiandrogen, enzalutamide, is approved for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and targets androgen receptor (AR) activity in CRPC. Despite initial clinical activity, acquired resistance to enzalutamide arises rapidly and most patients develop terminal disease. Previous work has established Stat5 as a potent inducer of prostate cancer growth. Here, we investigated the significance of Jak2-Stat5 signaling in resistance of prostate cancer to enzalutamide. The levels of Jak2 and Stat5 mRNA, proteins and activation were evaluated in prostate cancer cells, xenograft tumors, and clinical prostate cancers before and after enzalutamide therapy. Jak2 and Stat5 were suppressed by genetic knockdown using lentiviral shRNA or pharmacologic inhibitors. Responsiveness of primary and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer to pharmacologic inhibitors of Jak2-Stat5 signaling was assessed in vivo in mice bearing prostate cancer xenograft tumors. Patient-derived prostate cancers were tested for responsiveness to Stat5 blockade as second-line treatment after enzalutamide ex vivo in tumor explant cultures. Enzalutamide-liganded AR induces sustained Jak2-Stat5 phosphorylation in prostate cancer leading to the formation of a positive feed-forward loop, where activated Stat5, in turn, induces Jak2 mRNA and protein levels contributing to further Jak2 activation. Mechanistically, enzalutamide-liganded AR induced Jak2 phosphorylation through a process involving Jak2-specific phosphatases. Stat5 promoted prostate cancer growth during enzalutamide treatment. Jak2-Stat5 inhibition induced death of prostate cancer cells and patient-derived prostate cancers surviving enzalutamide treatment and blocked enzalutamide-resistant tumor growth in mice. This work introduces a novel concept of a pivotal role of hyperactivated Jak2-Stat5 signaling in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer, which is readily targetable by Jak2 inhibitors in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cristina Maranto
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David T Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Erickson
- Department of Pathology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Savita Devi
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pooja G Talati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kenneth Jacobsohn
- Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Urology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - William A See
- Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Urology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deepak Kilari
- Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Milwaukee VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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25
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Tolomeo M, Meli M, Grimaudo S. STAT5 and STAT5 Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:2036-2046. [PMID: 31490767 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190906160848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway is an important physiologic regulator of different cellular functions including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and immunological responses. Out of six different STAT proteins, STAT5 plays its main role in hematopoiesis and constitutive STAT5 activation seems to be a key event in the pathogenesis of several hematological malignancies. This has led many researchers to develop compounds capable of inhibiting STAT5 activation or interfering with its functions. Several anti-STAT5 molecules have shown potent STAT5 inhibitory activity in vitro. However, compared to the large amount of clinical studies with JAK inhibitors that are currently widely used in the clinics to treat myeloproliferative disorders, the clinical trials with STAT5 inhibitors are very limited. At present, a few STAT5 inhibitors are in phase I or II clinical trials for the treatment of leukemias and graft vs host disease. These studies seem to indicate that such compounds could be well tolerated and useful in reducing the occurrence of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. Of interest, STAT5 seems to play an important role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal suggesting that combination therapies including STAT5 inhibitors can erode the cancer stem cell pool and possibly open the way for the complete cancer eradication. In this review, we discuss the implication of STAT5 in hematological malignancies and the results obtained with the novel STAT5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Tolomeo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Meli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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26
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STAT5a/b Deficiency Delays, but does not Prevent, Prolactin-Driven Prostate Tumorigenesis in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070929. [PMID: 31269779 PMCID: PMC6678910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical prolactin (PRL) Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 5 pathway has been suggested to contribute to human prostate tumorigenesis via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. The probasin (Pb)-PRL transgenic mouse models this mechanism by overexpressing PRL specifically in the prostate epithelium leading to strong STAT5 activation in luminal cells. These mice exhibit hypertrophic prostates harboring various pre-neoplastic lesions that aggravate with age and accumulation of castration-resistant stem/progenitor cells. As STAT5 signaling is largely predominant over other classical PRL-triggered pathways in Pb-PRL prostates, we reasoned that Pb-Cre recombinase-driven genetic deletion of a floxed Stat5a/b locus should prevent prostate tumorigenesis in so-called Pb-PRLΔSTAT5 mice. Anterior and dorsal prostate lobes displayed the highest Stat5a/b deletion efficiency with no overt compensatory activation of other PRLR signaling cascade at 6 months of age; hence the development of tumor hallmarks was markedly reduced. Stat5a/b deletion also reversed the accumulation of stem/progenitor cells, indicating that STAT5 signaling regulates prostate epithelial cell hierarchy. Interestingly, ERK1/2 and AKT, but not STAT3 and androgen signaling, emerged as escape mechanisms leading to delayed tumor development in aged Pb-PRLΔSTAT5 mice. Unexpectedly, we found that Pb-PRL prostates spontaneously exhibited age-dependent decline of STAT5 signaling, also to the benefit of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling. As a consequence, both Pb-PRL and Pb-PRLΔSTAT5 mice ultimately displayed similar pathological prostate phenotypes at 18 months of age. This preclinical study provides insight on STAT5-dependent mechanisms of PRL-induced prostate tumorigenesis and alternative pathways bypassing STAT5 signaling down-regulation upon prostate neoplasia progression.
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27
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Gräb J, Berg A, Blechschmidt L, Klüver B, Rubner S, Fu DY, Meiler J, Gräber M, Berg T. The STAT5b Linker Domain Mediates the Selectivity of Catechol Bisphosphates for STAT5b over STAT5a. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:796-805. [PMID: 30835430 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
STAT family proteins are important mediators of cell signaling and represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of human diseases. Most STAT inhibitors target the protein-protein interaction domain, the SH2 domain, but specificity for a single STAT protein is often limited. Recently, we developed catechol bisphosphates as the first inhibitors of STAT5b demonstrated to exhibit a high degree of selectivity over the close homologue STAT5a. Here, we show that the amino acid in position 566 of the linker domain, not the SH2 domain, is the main determinant of specificity. Arg566 in wild-type STAT5b favors tight binding of catechol bisphosphates, while Trp566 in wild-type STAT5a does not. Amino acid 566 also determines the affinity for a tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide derived from the EPO receptor for STAT5a and STAT5b, demonstrating the functional relevance of the STAT5 linker domain for the adjacent SH2 domain. These results provide the first demonstration that a residue in the linker domain can determine the affinity of nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors for the SH2 domain of STAT proteins. We propose targeting the interface between the SH2 domain and linker domain as a novel design approach for the development of potent and selective STAT inhibitors. In addition, our data suggest that the linker domain could contribute to the enigmatically divergent biological functions of the two STAT5 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gräb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linda Blechschmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Klüver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Darwin Y. Fu
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, BIOSCI/MRBIII, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, BIOSCI/MRBIII, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, United States
| | - Martin Gräber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang P, Liu J, Li B, Yu Y, Wu H, Kang R, Zhang X, Wang Z. Deciphering the scalene association among type-2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia via enrichment analysis of disease-gene network. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2268-2277. [PMID: 30938105 PMCID: PMC6536925 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential biological relationship between type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been focused in numerous studies. To investigate the molecular associations among T2DM, prostate cancer (PCa), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), using a biomolecular network enrichment analysis. We obtained a list of disease‐related genes and constructed disease networks. Then, GO enrichment analysis was performed to identify the significant functions and pathways of overlapping modules in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. More than 75% of these overlapping genes were found to be consistent with the findings of previous studies. In the three diseases, we found that Sarcoglycan delta (SGCD) and Rho family GTPase 3 (RND3) were the overlapping genes and identified negative regulation of apoptotic process and negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter RNA as the two overlapping biological functions. CML and PCa were the most closely related, with 34 overlapping genes, five overlapping modules, 27 overlapping biological functions, and nine overlapping pathways. There were 13 overlapping genes, one overlapping modules, four overlapping biological functions and one overlapping pathway (FoxO signaling pathway) were found in T2DM and CML.And T2DM and PCa were the least related pair in our study, with only six overlapping genes, five overlapping modules, and one overlapping biological function. SGCD and RND3 were the main gene‐to‐gene relationship among T2DM, CML, and PCa; apoptosis, development, and transcription from RNA polymerase II promote processes were the main functional connections among T2DM, CML, and PCa by network enrichment analysis. There is a “scalene” relationship among T2DM, CML, and PCa at gene, pathway, biological process, and module levels: CML and PCa were the most closely related, the second were T2DM and PCa, and T2DM and PCa were the least related pair in our study. Our study provides a new avenue for further studies on T2DM and cancers, which may promote the discovery and development of novel therapeutic and can be used to treat multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Kang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Ward C, Meehan J, Gray M, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP, Murray A, Argyle D. Preclinical Organotypic Models for the Assessment of Novel Cancer Therapeutics and Treatment. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019. [PMID: 30859401 DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The immense costs in both financial terms and preclinical research effort that occur in the development of anticancer drugs are unfortunately not matched by a substantial increase in improved clinical therapies due to the high rate of failure during clinical trials. This may be due to issues with toxicity or lack of clinical effectiveness when the drug is evaluated in patients. Currently, much cancer research is driven by the need to develop therapies that can exploit cancer cell adaptations to conditions in the tumor microenvironment such as acidosis and hypoxia, the requirement for more-specific, targeted treatments, or the exploitation of 'precision medicine' that can target known genomic changes in patient DNA. The high attrition rate for novel anticancer therapies suggests that the preclinical methods used in screening anticancer drugs need improvement. This chapter considers the advantages and disadvantages of 3D organotypic models in both cancer research and cancer drug screening, particularly in the areas of targeted drugs and the exploitation of genomic changes that can be used for therapeutic advantage in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ward
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Murray
- School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, EH9 3JL, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
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30
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Lee KM, Park KH, Hwang JS, Lee M, Yoon DS, Ryu HA, Jung HS, Park KW, Kim J, Park SW, Kim SH, Chun YM, Choi WJ, Lee JW. Inhibition of STAT5A promotes osteogenesis by DLX5 regulation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1136. [PMID: 30429452 PMCID: PMC6235898 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of osteogenesis is important for bone formation and fracture healing. Despite advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of osteogenesis, crucial modulators in this process are not well-characterized. Here we demonstrate that suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) activates distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) in human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) and enhances osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show that STAT5A negatively regulates expression of Dlx5 in vitro and that STAT5A deletion results in increased trabecular and cortical bone mass and bone mineral density in mice. Additionally, STAT5A deletion prevents age-related bone loss. In a murine fracture model, STAT5A deletion was found to significantly enhance bone remodeling by stimulating the formation of a fracture callus. Our findings indicate that STAT5A inhibition enhances bone formation by promoting osteogenesis of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Mi Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hwan Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji Suk Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Hyun Aae Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Won Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sahng Wook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Science, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong-Min Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei -ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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31
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Minieri V, De Dominici M, Porazzi P, Mariani SA, Spinelli O, Rambaldi A, Peterson LF, Porcu P, Nevalainen MT, Calabretta B. Targeting STAT5 or STAT5-Regulated Pathways Suppresses Leukemogenesis of Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5793-5807. [PMID: 30154155 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Combining standard cytotoxic chemotherapy with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has greatly improved the upfront treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, due to the development of drug resistance through both BCR-ABL1-dependent and -independent mechanisms, prognosis remains poor. The STAT5 transcription factor is activated by BCR-ABL1 and by JAK2-dependent cytokine signaling; therefore, inhibiting its activity could address both mechanisms of resistance in Ph+ ALL. We show here that genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of STAT5 activity suppresses cell growth, induces apoptosis, and inhibits leukemogenesis of Ph+ cell lines and patient-derived newly diagnosed and relapsed/TKI-resistant Ph+ ALL cells ex vivo and in mouse models. STAT5 silencing decreased expression of the growth-promoting PIM-1 kinase, the apoptosis inhibitors MCL1 and BCL2, and increased expression of proapoptotic BIM protein. The resulting apoptosis of STAT5-silenced Ph+ BV173 cells was rescued by silencing of BIM or restoration of BCL2 expression. Treatment of Ph+ ALL cells, including samples from relapsed/refractory patients, with the PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 and/or the BCL2 family antagonist Sabutoclax markedly suppressed cell growth and leukemogenesis ex vivo and in mice. Together, these studies indicate that targeting STAT5 or STAT5-regulated pathways may provide a new approach for therapy development in Ph+ ALL, especially the relapsed/TKI-resistant disease.Significance: Suppression of STAT5 by BCL2 and PIM kinase inhibitors reduces leukemia burden in mice and constitutes a new potential therapeutic approach against Ph+ ALL, especially in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant disease. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5793-807. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Minieri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco De Dominici
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samanta A Mariani
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.,Universita' Statale Milano, Italy
| | - Luke F Peterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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32
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Risbridger GP, Toivanen R, Taylor RA. Preclinical Models of Prostate Cancer: Patient-Derived Xenografts, Organoids, and Other Explant Models. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:a030536. [PMID: 29311126 PMCID: PMC6071547 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a lethal disease. Preclinical cancer models that accurately represent the tumors of the patients they are intended to help are necessary to test potential therapeutic approaches and to better translate research discoveries. However, research in the prostate cancer field is hampered by the limited number of human cell lines and xenograft models, most of which do not recapitulate the human disease seen in the clinic today. This work reviews the recent advances in human patient-derived xenograft, organoid, and other explant models to address this need. In contrast to other tumor streams, the prostate cancer field is challenged by this approach, yet despite the limitations, patient-derived models remain an integral component of the preclinical testing pathway leading to better treatments for men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Cancer Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Roxanne Toivanen
- Prostate Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics & Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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33
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Maranto C, Udhane V, Hoang DT, Gu L, Alexeev V, Malas K, Cardenas K, Brody JR, Rodeck U, Bergom C, Iczkowski KA, Jacobsohn K, See W, Schmitt SM, Nevalainen MT. STAT5A/B Blockade Sensitizes Prostate Cancer to Radiation through Inhibition of RAD51 and DNA Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1917-1931. [PMID: 29483142 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The standard treatment for organ-confined prostate cancer is surgery or radiation, and locally advanced prostate cancer is typically treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy. Here, we investigated whether Stat5a/b participates in regulation of double-strand DNA break repair in prostate cancer, and whether Stat5 inhibition may provide a novel strategy to sensitize prostate cancer to radiotherapy.Experimental Design: Stat5a/b regulation of DNA repair in prostate cancer was evaluated by comet and clonogenic survival assays, followed by assays specific to homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. For HR DNA repair, Stat5a/b regulation of Rad51 and the mechanisms underlying the regulation were investigated in prostate cancer cells, xenograft tumors, and patient-derived prostate cancers ex vivo in 3D explant cultures. Stat5a/b induction of Rad51 and HR DNA repair and responsiveness to radiation were evaluated in vivo in mice bearing prostate cancer xenograft tumors.Results: Stat5a/b is critical for Rad51 expression in prostate cancer via Jak2-dependent mechanisms by inducing Rad51 mRNA levels. Consistent with this, genetic knockdown of Stat5a/b suppressed HR DNA repair while not affecting NHEJ DNA repair. Pharmacologic Stat5a/b inhibition potently sensitized prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tumors to radiation, while not inducing radiation sensitivity in the neighboring tissues.Conclusions: This work introduces a novel concept of a pivotal role of Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling for Rad51 expression and HR DNA repair in prostate cancer. Inhibition of Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling sensitizes prostate cancer to radiation and, therefore, may provide an adjuvant therapy for radiation to reduce radiation-induced damage to the neighboring tissues. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1917-31. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maranto
- Department of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David T Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kareem Malas
- Department of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Karmel Cardenas
- Department of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ken A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ken Jacobsohn
- Department of Urology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - William See
- Department of Urology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sara M Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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34
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Goffin V. Prolactin receptor targeting in breast and prostate cancers: New insights into an old challenge. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:111-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Berg A, Berg T. A small-molecule screen identifies the antitrypanosomal agent suramin and analogues NF023 and NF449 as inhibitors of STAT5a/b. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Elumalai N, Natarajan K, Berg T. Halogen-substituted catechol bisphosphates are potent and selective inhibitors of the transcription factor STAT5b. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3871-3882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Peptide Scaffold-Based Discovery of Nonpeptide Natural Medicines to Target PI3K p85 SH2 Domain. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Rational development of Stafib-2: a selective, nanomolar inhibitor of the transcription factor STAT5b. Sci Rep 2017; 7:819. [PMID: 28400581 PMCID: PMC5429769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT5b is a target for tumour therapy. We recently reported catechol bisphosphate and derivatives such as Stafib-1 as the first selective inhibitors of the STAT5b SH2 domain. Here, we demonstrate STAT5b binding of catechol bisphosphate by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and report on rational optimization of Stafib-1 (Ki = 44 nM) to Stafib-2 (Ki = 9 nM). The binding site of Stafib-2 was validated using combined isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and protein point mutant analysis, representing the first time that functional comparison of wild-type versus mutant protein by ITC has been used to characterize the binding site of a small-molecule ligand of a STAT protein with amino acid resolution. The prodrug Pomstafib-2 selectively inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5b in human leukaemia cells and induces apoptosis in a STAT5-dependent manner. We propose Pomstafib-2, which currently represents the most active, selective inhibitor of STAT5b activation available, as a chemical tool for addressing the fundamental question of which roles the different STAT5 proteins play in various cell processes.
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39
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Yang Y, Hu S, Liu J, Cui Y, Fan Y, Lv T, Liu L, Li J, He Q, Han W, Yu W, Sun Y, Jin J. CD8+ T cells promote proliferation of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells under low androgen level via modulation of CCL5/STAT5/CCND1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42893. [PMID: 28216616 PMCID: PMC5316951 DOI: 10.1038/srep42893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by our group have shown that low intra-prostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced BPH epithelial cells (BECs) to recruit CD8+ T cells. However, the influence of the recruited CD8+ T cells on BECs under a low androgen level is still unknown. Here, we found CD8+ T cells have the capacity to promote proliferation of BECs in low androgen condition. Mechanism dissection revealed that interaction between CD8+ T cells and BECs through secretion of CCL5 might promote the phosphorylation of STAT5 and a higher expression of CCND1 in BECs. Suppressed CCL5/STAT5 signals via CCL5 neutralizing antibody or STAT5 inhibitor Pimozide led to reverse CD8+ T cell-enhanced BECs proliferation. IHC analysis from Finasteride treated patients showed PCNA expression in BECs was highly correlated to the level of CD8+ T cell infiltration and the expression of CCL5. Consequently, our data indicated infiltrating CD8+ T cells could promote the proliferation of BECs in low androgen condition via modulation of CCL5/STAT5/CCND1 signaling. The increased secretion of CCL5 from the CD8+ T cells/BECs interaction might help BECs survive in a low DHT environment. Targeting these signals may provide a new potential therapeutic approach to better treat BPH patients who failed the therapy of 5α-reductase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tianjing Lv
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wenke Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester 14642, NY, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
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40
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Hoang DT, Iczkowski KA, Kilari D, See W, Nevalainen MT. Androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms driving prostate cancer progression: Opportunities for therapeutic targeting from multiple angles. Oncotarget 2017; 8:3724-3745. [PMID: 27741508 PMCID: PMC5356914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment for localized cancer, prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for American men due to a subset of patients progressing to lethal and incurable metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Organ-confined PC is treated by surgery or radiation with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while options for locally advanced and disseminated PC include radiation combined with ADT, or systemic treatments including chemotherapy. Progression to CRPC results from failure of ADT, which targets the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis and inhibits AR-driven proliferation and survival pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent PC to CRPC remain incompletely understood. Reactivation of AR has been shown to occur in CRPC despite depletion of circulating androgens by ADT. At the same time, the presence of AR-negative cell populations in CRPC has also been identified. While AR signaling has been proposed as the primary driver of CRPC, AR-independent signaling pathways may represent additional mechanisms underlying CRPC progression. Identification of new therapeutic strategies to target both AR-positive and AR-negative PC cell populations and, thereby, AR-driven as well as non-AR-driven PC cell growth and survival mechanisms would provide a two-pronged approach to eliminate CRPC cells with potential for synthetic lethality. In this review, we provide an overview of AR-dependent and AR-independent molecular mechanisms which drive CRPC, with special emphasis on the role of the Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling pathway in promoting castrate-resistant growth of PC through both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hoang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Deepak Kilari
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William See
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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41
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Ung MH, Varn FS, Cheng C. In silico frameworks for systematic pre-clinical screening of potential anti-leukemia therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1213-1222. [PMID: 27689915 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1243524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukemia is a collection of highly heterogeneous cancers that arise from neoplastic transformation and clonal expansion of immature hematopoietic cells. Post-treatment recurrence is high, especially among elderly patients, thus necessitating more effective treatment modalities. Development of novel anti-leukemic compounds relies heavily on traditional in vitro screens which require extensive resources and time. Therefore, integration of in silico screens prior to experimental validation can improve the efficiency of pre-clinical drug development. Areas covered: This article reviews different methods and frameworks used to computationally screen for anti-leukemic agents. In particular, three approaches are discussed including molecular docking, transcriptomic integration, and network analysis. Expert opinion: Today's data deluge presents novel opportunities to develop computational tools and pipelines to screen for likely therapeutic candidates in the treatment of leukemia. Formal integration of these methodologies can accelerate and improve the efficiency of modern day anti-leukemic drug discovery and ease the economic and healthcare burden associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Ung
- a Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Frederick S Varn
- a Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- a Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,b Department of Biomedical Data Science , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA.,c Norris Cotton Cancer Center , Lebanon , NH , USA
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