1
|
Silva AO, Bitencourt TC, Vargas JE, Fraga LR, Filippi-Chiela E. Modulation of tumor plasticity by senescent cells: Deciphering basic mechanisms and survival pathways to unravel therapeutic options. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47Suppl 1:e20230311. [PMID: 38805699 PMCID: PMC11132560 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state in which the cell loses its proliferative capacity, often irreversibly. Physiologically, it occurs due to a limited capacity of cell division associated with telomere shortening, the so-called replicative senescence. It can also be induced early due to DNA damage, oncogenic activation, oxidative stress, or damage to other cellular components (collectively named induced senescence). Tumor cells acquire the ability to bypass replicative senescence, thus ensuring the replicative immortality, a hallmark of cancer. Many anti-cancer therapies, however, can lead tumor cells to induced senescence. Initially, this response leads to a slowdown in tumor growth. However, the longstanding accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in tumors can promote neoplastic progression due to the enrichment of numerous molecules and extracellular vesicles that constitutes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Among other effects, SASP can potentiate or unlock the tumor plasticity and phenotypic transitions, another hallmark of cancer. This review discusses how SnCs can fuel mechanisms that underlie cancer plasticity, like cell differentiation, stemness, reprogramming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We also discuss the main molecular mechanisms that make SnCs resistant to cell death, and potential strategies to target SnCs. At the end, we raise open questions and clinically relevant perspectives in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Oliveira Silva
- Faculdade Estácio, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Cardoso Bitencourt
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose Eduardo Vargas
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular,
Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Ciências
Morfológicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Filippi-Chiela
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Ciências
Morfológicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Albadari N, Du Y, Fowler JF, Sang HT, Xian W, McKeon F, Li W, Zhou J, Zhang R. MDM2 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: The Past, Present, and Future. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:414-453. [PMID: 38697854 PMCID: PMC11068841 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery over 35 years ago, MDM2 has emerged as an attractive target for the development of cancer therapy. MDM2's activities extend from carcinogenesis to immunity to the response to various cancer therapies. Since the report of the first MDM2 inhibitor more than 30 years ago, various approaches to inhibit MDM2 have been attempted, with hundreds of small-molecule inhibitors evaluated in preclinical studies and numerous molecules tested in clinical trials. Although many MDM2 inhibitors and degraders have been evaluated in clinical trials, there is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MDM2 inhibitor on the market. Nevertheless, there are several current clinical trials of promising agents that may overcome the past failures, including agents granted FDA orphan drug or fast-track status. We herein summarize the research efforts to discover and develop MDM2 inhibitors, focusing on those that induce MDM2 degradation and exert anticancer activity, regardless of the p53 status of the cancer. We also describe how preclinical and clinical investigations have moved toward combining MDM2 inhibitors with other agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions to accelerate the clinical application of MDM2 inhibitors. In conclusion, targeting MDM2 remains a promising treatment approach, and targeting MDM2 for protein degradation represents a novel strategy to downregulate MDM2 without the side effects of the existing agents blocking p53-MDM2 binding. Additional preclinical and clinical investigations are needed to finally realize the full potential of MDM2 inhibition in treating cancer and other chronic diseases where MDM2 has been implicated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Overexpression/amplification of the MDM2 oncogene has been detected in various human cancers and is associated with disease progression, treatment resistance, and poor patient outcomes. This article reviews the previous, current, and emerging MDM2-targeted therapies and summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies combining MDM2 inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens. The findings of these contemporary studies may lead to safer and more effective treatments for patients with cancers overexpressing MDM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Najah Albadari
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Josef F Fowler
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Hannah T Sang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Wa Xian
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lateef Al-Awsi GR, Arshed U, Arif A, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Alhassan MS, Mustafa YF, Rahman FF, Zabibah RS, Gupta J, Iqbal MS, Iswanto AH, Farhood B. The Chemoprotective Potentials of Alpha-lipoic Acid against Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity: A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3588-3603. [PMID: 37165582 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230509162513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ototoxicity is one of the major adverse effects of cisplatin therapy which restrict its clinical application. Alpha-lipoic acid administration may mitigate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In the present study, we reviewed the protective potentials of alpha-lipoic acid against the cisplatin-mediated ototoxic adverse effects. METHODS Based on the PRISMA guideline, we performed a systematic search for the identification of all relevant studies in various electronic databases up to June 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the obtained articles (n=59) were screened and 13 eligible articles were finally included in the present study. RESULTS The findings of in-vitro experiments showed that cisplatin treatment significantly reduced the auditory cell viability in comparison with the control group; nevertheless, the alpha-lipoic acid co-administration protected the cells against the reduction of cell viability induced by cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the in-vivo results of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests revealed a decrease in DPOAE and an increase in ABR threshold of cisplatin-injected animals; however, it was shown that alpha-lipoic acid co-treatment had an opposite pattern on the evaluated parameters. Other findings demonstrated that cisplatin treatment could significantly induce the biochemical and histopathological alterations in inner ear cells/tissue; in contrast, alpha-lipoic acid co-treatment ameliorated the cisplatin-mediated biochemical and histological changes. CONCLUSION The findings of audiometry, biochemical parameters, and histological evaluation showed that alpha-lipoic acid co-administration alleviates the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The protective role of alpha-lipoic acid against the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity can be due to different mechanisms of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory activities, and regulation of cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uzma Arshed
- Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Anam Arif
- Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | | | - Muataz S Alhassan
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterial Technologies, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq
| | - Ferry Fadzlul Rahman
- Public Health Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, U.P., India
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Acim Heri Iswanto
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alaseem AM. Advancements in MDM2 inhibition: Clinical and pre-clinical investigations of combination therapeutic regimens. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101790. [PMID: 37818252 PMCID: PMC10561124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often depend on multiple pathways for their growth and survival, resulting in therapeutic resistance and the limited effectiveness of treatments. Combination therapy has emerged as a favorable approach to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize acquired resistance and harmful side effects. The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein regulates cellular proliferation and promotes cancer-related activities by negatively regulating the tumor suppressor protein p53. MDM2 aberrations have been reported in a variety of human cancers, making it an appealing target for cancer therapy. As a result, several small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors have been developed and are currently being investigated in clinical studies. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the inhibition of MDM2 alone is inadequate to achieve long-term suppression of tumor growth, thus prompting the need for further investigation into combination therapeutic strategies. In this review, possible clinical and preclinical MDM2 combination inhibitor regimens are thoroughly analyzed and discussed. It provides a rationale for combining MDM2 inhibitors with other therapeutic approaches in the management of cancer, taking into consideration ongoing clinical trials that evaluate the combination of MDM2 inhibitors. The review explores the current status of MDM2 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy or targeted therapy, as well as promising approach of combining MDM2 inhibitors with immunotherapy. In addition, it investigates the function of PROTACs as MDM2 degraders in cancer treatment. A comprehensive examination of these combination regimens highlights the potential for advancing MDM2-inhibitor therapy and improving clinical outcomes for cancer patients and establishes the foundation for future research and development in this promising area of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. Alaseem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barriuso D, Alvarez-Frutos L, Gonzalez-Gutierrez L, Motiño O, Kroemer G, Palacios-Ramirez R, Senovilla L. Involvement of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Tetraploidization-Related Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076374. [PMID: 37047342 PMCID: PMC10094710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins is the main regulator of apoptosis. However, multiple emerging evidence has revealed that Bcl-2 family proteins are also involved in cellular senescence. On the one hand, the different expression of these proteins determines the entry into senescence. On the other hand, entry into senescence modulates the expression of these proteins, generally conferring resistance to apoptosis. With some exceptions, senescent cells are characterized by the upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins and downregulation of proapoptotic proteins. Under physiological conditions, freshly formed tetraploid cells die by apoptosis due to the tetraploidy checkpoint. However, suppression of Bcl-2 associated x protein (Bax), as well as overexpression of Bcl-2, favors the appearance and survival of tetraploid cells. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that our laboratory has shown that the joint absence of Bax and Bcl-2 antagonist/killer (Bak) favors the entry into senescence of tetraploid cells. Certain microtubule inhibitory chemotherapies, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, induce the generation of tetraploid cells. Moreover, the combined use of inhibitors of antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family with microtubule inhibitors increases their efficacy. In this review, we aim to shed light on the involvement of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in the senescence program activated after tetraploidization and the possibility of using this knowledge to create a new therapeutic strategy targeting cancer cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lerma Clavero A, Boqvist PL, Ingelshed K, Bosdotter C, Sedimbi S, Jiang L, Wermeling F, Vojtesek B, Lane DP, Kannan P. MDM2 inhibitors, nutlin-3a and navtemadelin, retain efficacy in human and mouse cancer cells cultured in hypoxia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4583. [PMID: 36941277 PMCID: PMC10027891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of p53 by small molecule MDM2 inhibitors can induce cell cycle arrest or death in p53 wildtype cancer cells. However, cancer cells exposed to hypoxia can develop resistance to other small molecules, such as chemotherapies, that activate p53. Here, we evaluated whether hypoxia could render cancer cells insensitive to two MDM2 inhibitors with different potencies, nutlin-3a and navtemadlin. Inhibitor efficacy and potency were evaluated under short-term hypoxic conditions in human and mouse cancer cells expressing different p53 genotypes (wild-type, mutant, or null). Treatment of wild-type p53 cancer cells with MDM2 inhibitors reduced cell growth by > 75% in hypoxia through activation of the p53-p21 signaling pathway; no inhibitor-induced growth reduction was observed in hypoxic mutant or null p53 cells except at very high concentrations. The concentration of inhibitors needed to induce the maximal p53 response was not significantly different in hypoxia compared to normoxia. However, inhibitor efficacy varied by species and by cell line, with stronger effects at lower concentrations observed in human cell lines than in mouse cell lines grown as 2D and 3D cultures. Together, these results indicate that MDM2 inhibitors retain efficacy in hypoxia, suggesting they could be useful for targeting acutely hypoxic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Lerma Clavero
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paula Lafqvist Boqvist
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrine Ingelshed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bosdotter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saikiran Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Moderna Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David P Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pavitra Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Zhao J, Ma F, Gong L, Lu Y, Xiao W, Tang H, Gao C, Chen Y, Ma J, Gao Z, Yan J, Han S. One Stone, Two Birds: A Peptide-Au(I) Infinite Coordination Supermolecule for the Confederate Physical and Biological Radiosensitization in Cancer Radiation Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204238. [PMID: 36494177 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over half of cancer patients are subjected to radiotherapy, but owing to the deficient amount of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a fair number of them suffer from radiotherapy resistance and the subsequent short-term survival opportunity. To overcome it, many successes have been achieved in radiosensitizer discovery using physical strategy and/or biological strategy, but significant challenges remain regarding developing clinically translational radiosensitizers. Herein, a peptide-Au(I) infinite coordination supermolecule termed PAICS is developed that combined both physical and biological radiosensitization and possessed pharmaceutical characteristics including adequate circulatory stability, controllable drug release, tumor-prioritized accumulation, and the favorable body eliminability. As expected, monovalent gold ion endowed this supermolecule with high X-ray absorption and the subsequent radiosensitization. Furthermore, a peptide targeting CRM1, is assembled into the supermolecule, which successfully activates p53 and apoptosis pathway, thereby further sensitizing radiotherapy. As a result, PAICS showed superior ability for radiotherapy sensitization in vivo and maintained a favorable safety profile. Thus, the PAICS reported here will offer a feasible solution to simultaneously overcome both the pharmaceutical obstacles of physical and biological radiosensitizers and will enable the development of a class of nanomedicines for tumor radiotherapy sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Liuyun Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yinliang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ingelshed K, Spiegelberg D, Kannan P, Påvénius L, Hacheney J, Jiang L, Eisinger S, Lianoudaki D, Lama D, Castillo F, Bosdotter C, Kretzschmar WW, Al-Radi O, Fritz N, Villablanca EJ, Karlsson MCI, Wermeling F, Nestor M, Lane DP, Sedimbi SK. The MDM2 Inhibitor Navtemadlin Arrests Mouse Melanoma Growth In Vivo and Potentiates Radiotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1075-1088. [PMID: 36922937 PMCID: PMC10010373 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is mutated in close to 50% of human tumors and is dysregulated in many others, for instance by silencing or loss of p14ARF. Under steady-state conditions, the two E3 ligases MDM2/MDM4 interact with and inhibit the transcriptional activity of p53. Inhibition of p53-MDM2/4 interaction to reactivate p53 in tumors with wild-type (WT) p53 has therefore been considered a therapeutic strategy. Moreover, studies indicate that p53 reactivation may synergize with radiation and increase tumor immunogenicity. In vivo studies of most MDM2 inhibitors have utilized immunodeficient xenograft mouse models, preventing detailed studies of action of these molecules on the immune response. The mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10 carries functional, WT p53 but does not express the MDM2 regulator p19ARF. In this study, we tested a p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor, the small molecule Navtemadlin, which is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and imaging flow cytometry, we identified specific protein expression patterns following Navtemadlin treatment of B16-F10 melanoma cells compared with their p53 CRISPR-inactivated control cells. In vitro, Navtemadlin induced a significant, p53-dependent, growth arrest but little apoptosis in B16-F10 cells. When combined with radiotherapy, Navtemadlin showed synergistic effects and increased apoptosis. In vivo, Navtemadlin treatment significantly reduced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. Our data highlight the utility of a syngeneic B16-F10 p53+/+ mouse melanoma model for assessing existing and novel p53-MDM2/MDM4 inhibitors and in identifying new combination therapies that can efficiently eliminate tumors in vivo. Significance The MDM2 inhibitor Navtemadlin arrests mouse tumor growth and potentiates radiotherapy. Our results support a threshold model for apoptosis induction that requires a high, prolonged p53 signaling for cancer cells to become apoptotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Ingelshed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pavitra Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Påvénius
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Hacheney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Eisinger
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bosdotter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Omayma Al-Radi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fritz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J. Villablanca
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C. I. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
| | - Saikiran K. Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moutabian H, Majdaeen M, Ghahramani-Asl R, Yadollahi M, Gharepapagh E, Ataei G, Falahatpour Z, Bagheri H, Farhood B. A systematic review of the therapeutic effects of resveratrol in combination with 5-fluorouracil during colorectal cancer treatment: with a special focus on the oxidant, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:142. [PMID: 35366874 PMCID: PMC8976963 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an effective chemotherapy drug, is commonly applied for colorectal cancer treatment. Nevertheless, its toxicity to normal tissues and the development of tumor resistance are the main obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy and hence, its clinical application is limited. The use of resveratrol can increase 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity and mitigate the unwanted adverse effects. This study aimed to review the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol in combination with 5-FU against colorectal cancer. METHODS According to the PRISMA guideline, a comprehensive systematic search was carried out for the identification of relevant literature in four electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus up to May 2021 using a pre-defined set of keywords in their titles and abstracts. We screened 282 studies in accordance with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirteen articles were finally included in this systematic review. RESULTS The in vitro findings showed that proliferation inhibition of colorectal cancer cells in the groups treated by 5-FU was remarkably higher than the untreated groups and the co-administration of resveratrol remarkably increased cytotoxicity induced by 5-FU. The in vivo results demonstrated a decrease in tumor growth of mice treated by 5-FU than the untreated group and a dramatic decrease was observed following combined treatment of resveratrol and 5-FU. It was also found that 5-FU alone and combined with resveratrol could regulate the cell cycle profile of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, this chemotherapeutic agent induced the biochemical and histopathological changes in the cancerous cells/tissues and these alterations were synergized by resveratrol co-administration (for most of the cases), except for the inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this systematic review demonstrated that co-administration of resveratrol could sensitize the colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU treatment via various mechanisms, including regulation of cell cycle distribution, oxidant, apoptosis, anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Moutabian
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Majdaeen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Ghahramani-Asl
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Yadollahi
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Gharepapagh
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ataei
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Falahatpour
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
AMG-232, a New Inhibitor of MDM-2, Enhance Doxorubicin Efficiency in Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:111-124. [PMID: 35765530 PMCID: PMC9208559 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity appears to be a growing concern for extensive use in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The new combination treatment strategies, therefore might be an effective way of decreasing its side effects as well as improving efficacy. AMG232 (KRT-232) is a potential MDM-2 inhibitor, increasing available p53 through disturbing p53-MDM-2 interaction. In this study, we examined the effects of AMG232 on DOX-induced apoptosis of NALM-6 cells. Methods The anti-leukemic effects of Doxorubicin on NALM-6 cells, either alone or in combination with AMG232, were confirmed by MTT assay, Annexin/PI apoptosis assay, and cell cycle analysis. Expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes were further evaluated by Real time-PCR method. To investigate the effect of AMG232 on NALM-6 cells, the activation of p53, p21, MDM-2, cleaved Caspase-3 proteins was evaluated using western blot analysis. Results The results showed that AMG232 inhibition of MDM-2 enhances Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in NALM-6 cells through caspase-3 activation in a time and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, co-treatment of AMG232 with Doxorubicin hampered the transition of NALM-6 cells from G1 phase through increasing p21 protein. In addition, this combination treatment led to enhanced expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes in ALL cell lines. Conclusion The results declared that AMG232 as an MDM-2 inhibitor could be an effective approach to enhance antitumor effects of Doxorubicin on NALM-6 cells as well as an effective future treatment for ALL patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
In Vitro and In Vivo Cardioprotective Effects of Curcumin against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7277562. [PMID: 35237323 PMCID: PMC8885194 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7277562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to review the potential chemoprotective effects of curcumin against the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods According to the PRISMA guideline, a comprehensive systematic search was performed in different electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) up to July 2021. One hundred and sixty-four studies were screened in accordance with a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighteen eligible articles were finally included in the current systematic review. Results According to the in vitro and in vivo findings, it was found that doxorubicin administration leads to decreased cell survival, increased mortality, decreased bodyweight, heart weight, and heart to the bodyweight ratio compared to the control groups. However, curcumin cotreatment demonstrated an opposite pattern in comparison with the doxorubicin-treated groups alone. Other findings showed that doxorubicin significantly induces biochemical changes in the cardiac cells/tissue. Furthermore, the histological changes on the cardiac tissue were observed following doxorubicin treatment. Nevertheless, for most of the cases, these biochemical and histological changes mediated by doxorubicin were reversed near to control groups following curcumin coadministration. Conclusion It can be mentioned that coadministration of curcumin alleviates the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Curcumin exerts these cardioprotective effects through different mechanisms of antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory. Since the finding presented in this systematic review are based on in vitro and in vivo studies, suggesting the use of curcumin in cancer patients as a cardioprotector agent against cardiotoxicity mediated by doxorubicin requires further clinical studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Elbanna M, Chowdhury NN, Rhome R, Fishel ML. Clinical and Preclinical Outcomes of Combining Targeted Therapy With Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:749496. [PMID: 34733787 PMCID: PMC8558533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, radiation medicine is currently focused on the precise delivery of highly conformal radiation treatments. However, the tremendous developments in targeted therapy are yet to fulfill their full promise and arguably have the potential to dramatically enhance the radiation therapeutic ratio. The increased ability to molecularly profile tumors both at diagnosis and at relapse and the co-incident progress in the field of radiogenomics could potentially pave the way for a more personalized approach to radiation treatment in contrast to the current ‘‘one size fits all’’ paradigm. Few clinical trials to date have shown an improved clinical outcome when combining targeted agents with radiation therapy, however, most have failed to show benefit, which is arguably due to limited preclinical data. Several key molecular pathways could theoretically enhance therapeutic effect of radiation when rationally targeted either by directly enhancing tumor cell kill or indirectly through the abscopal effect of radiation when combined with novel immunotherapies. The timing of combining molecular targeted therapy with radiation is also important to determine and could greatly affect the outcome depending on which pathway is being inhibited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Elbanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nayela N Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ryan Rhome
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu LF, Lan HR, Li XM, Jin KT. A Systematic Review of the Potential Chemoprotective Effects of Resveratrol on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Focus on the Antioxidant, Antiapoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2951697. [PMID: 34471463 PMCID: PMC8405305 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2951697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although doxorubicin chemotherapeutic drug is commonly used to treat various solid and hematological tumors, its clinical use is restricted because of its adverse effects on the normal cells/tissues, especially cardiotoxicity. The use of resveratrol may mitigate the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic effects. For this aim, we systematically reviewed the potential chemoprotective effects of resveratrol against the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS In the current study, a systematic search was performed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for the identification of all relevant studies on "the role of resveratrol on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity" in the electronic databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus up to March 2021 using search terms in their titles and abstracts. Two hundred and eighteen articles were screened in accordance with a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 33 eligible articles were included in this systematic review. RESULTS The in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrated a decreased cell survival, increased mortality, decreased heart weight, and increased ascites in the doxorubicin-treated groups compared to the control groups. The combined treatment of resveratrol and doxorubicin showed an opposite pattern than the doxorubicin-treated groups alone. Furthermore, this chemotherapeutic agent induced the biochemical and histopathological changes on the cardiac cells/tissue; however, the results (for most of the cases) revealed that these alterations induced by doxorubicin were reversed near to normal levels (control groups) by resveratrol coadministration. CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review stated that coadministration of resveratrol alleviates the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Resveratrol exerts these chemoprotective effects through several main mechanisms of antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000 Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Willers H, Pan X, Borgeaud N, Korovina I, Koi L, Egan R, Greninger P, Rosenkranz A, Kung J, Liss AS, Parsels LA, Morgan MA, Lawrence TS, Lin SH, Hong TS, Yeap BY, Wirth L, Hata AN, Ott CJ, Benes CH, Baumann M, Krause M. Screening and Validation of Molecular Targeted Radiosensitizers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:e63-e74. [PMID: 34343607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular targeted drugs with radiation and chemotherapy are critically important for improving the outcomes of patients with hard-to-treat, potentially curable cancers. However, too many preclinical studies have not translated into successful radiation oncology trials. Major contributing factors to this insufficiency include poor reproducibility of preclinical data, inadequate preclinical modeling of inter-tumoral genomic heterogeneity that influences treatment sensitivity in the clinic, and a reliance on tumor growth delay instead of local control (TCD50) endpoints. There exists an urgent need to overcome these barriers to facilitate successful clinical translation of targeted radiosensitizers. To this end, we have employed 3D cell culture assays to better model tumor behavior in vivo. Examples of successful prediction of in vivo effects with these 3D assays include radiosensitization of head and neck cancers by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor or focal adhesion kinase signaling, and radioresistance associated with oncogenic mutation of KRAS. To address the issue of tumor heterogeneity we leveraged institutional resources that allow high-throughput 3D screening of radiation combinations with small molecule inhibitors across genomically characterized cell lines from lung, head and neck, and pancreatic cancers. This high-throughput screen is expected to uncover genomic biomarkers that will inform the successful clinical translation of targeted agents from the NCI CTEP portfolio and other sources. Screening "hits" need to be subjected to refinement studies that include clonogenic assays, addition of disease-specific chemotherapeutics, target/biomarker validation, and integration of patient-derived tumor models. The chemoradiosensitizing activities of the most promising drugs should be confirmed in TCD50 assays in xenograft models with/without relevant biomarker and utilizing clinically relevant radiation fractionation. We predict that appropriately validated and biomarker-directed targeted therapies will have a higher likelihood than past efforts to be successfully incorporated into the standard management of hard-to-treat tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Xiao Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathalie Borgeaud
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden
| | - Irina Korovina
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lydia Koi
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Egan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Aliza Rosenkranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jong Kung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie A Parsels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J Ott
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core center Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miles X, Vandevoorde C, Hunter A, Bolcaen J. MDM2/X Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers for Glioblastoma Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703442. [PMID: 34307171 PMCID: PMC8296304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the MDM2/X-p53 interaction is recognized as a potential anti-cancer strategy, including the treatment of glioblastoma (GB). In response to cellular stressors, such as DNA damage, the tumor suppression protein p53 is activated and responds by mediating cellular damage through DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hence, p53 activation plays a central role in cell survival and the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Alterations and reduced activity of p53 occur in 25-30% of primary GB tumors, but this number increases drastically to 60-70% in secondary GB. As a result, reactivating p53 is suggested as a treatment strategy, either by using targeted molecules to convert the mutant p53 back to its wild type form or by using MDM2 and MDMX (also known as MDM4) inhibitors. MDM2 down regulates p53 activity via ubiquitin-dependent degradation and is amplified or overexpressed in 14% of GB cases. Thus, suppression of MDM2 offers an opportunity for urgently needed new therapeutic interventions for GB. Numerous small molecule MDM2 inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy and/or other targeted agents. In addition, considering the major role of both p53 and MDM2 in the downstream signaling response to radiation-induced DNA damage, the combination of MDM2 inhibitors with radiation may offer a valuable therapeutic radiosensitizing approach for GB therapy. This review covers the role of MDM2/X in cancer and more specifically in GB, followed by the rationale for the potential radiosensitizing effect of MDM2 inhibition. Finally, the current status of MDM2/X inhibition and p53 activation for the treatment of GB is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xanthene Miles
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alistair Hunter
- Radiobiology Section, Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
LaPlante G, Zhang W. Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3079. [PMID: 34203106 PMCID: PMC8235664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical regulator of cellular protein levels and activity. It is, therefore, not surprising that its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. Moreover, since cancer cells exhibit increased rates of protein turnover, their heightened dependence on the UPS makes it an attractive target for inhibition via targeted therapeutics. Indeed, the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma has been very successful, stimulating the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting other UPS components. On the other hand, while the discovery of potent and selective chemical compounds can be both challenging and time consuming, the area of targeted protein degradation through utilization of the UPS machinery has seen promising developments in recent years. The repertoire of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ E3 ligases for the degradation of cancer-related proteins via the proteasome, continues to grow. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of small-molecule UPS inhibitors and highlight advancements in the development of targeted protein degradation strategies for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel LaPlante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sheikholeslami S, Khodaverdian S, Dorri-Giv M, Mohammad Hosseini S, Souri S, Abedi-Firouzjah R, Zamani H, Dastranj L, Farhood B. The radioprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on radiotherapy-induced toxicities: A systematic review. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107741. [PMID: 33989970 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy is one of the main cancer treatment modalities applied in 50-70% of cancer patients. Despite the many advantages of this treatment, such as non-invasiveness, organ-preservation, and spatiotemporal flexibility in tumor targeting, it can lead to complications in irradiated healthy cells/tissues. In this regard, the use of radio-protective agents can alleviate radiation-induced complications. This study aimed to review the potential role of alpha-lipoic acid in the prevention/reduction of radiation-induced toxicities on healthy cells/tissues. METHODS A systematic search was performed following PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant literature on the "role of alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of radiotherapy-induced toxicity" in the electronic databases of Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus up to January 2021. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study, 278 articles were screened. Finally, 29 articles were included in this systematic review. RESULTS The obtained results showed that in experimental in vivo models, the radiation-treated groups had decreased survival rate and body weight compared to the control groups. It was also found that radiation can induce mild to severe toxicities on gastrointestinal, circulatory, reproductive, central nervous, respiratory, endocrine, exocrine systems, etc. However, the use of alpha-lipoic acid could alleviate the radiation-induced toxicities in most cases. This radio-protective agent exerts its effects through mechanisms of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and so on. CONCLUSION According to the obtained results, it can be mentioned that co-treatment of alpha-lipoic acid with radiotherapy ameliorates the radiation-induced toxicities in healthy cells/tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Khodaverdian
- Department of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Dorri-Giv
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Souri
- Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Zamani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Leila Dastranj
- Department of Physics, Hakim Sabzevari Universuty, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
DNA Methylation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:51-62. [PMID: 32949389 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylations, including global methylation pattern and specific gene methylation, are associated with pathogenesis and progress of pulmonary fibrosis. This chapter illustrates alteration of DNA methylation in pulmonary fibrosis as a predictive or prognostic factor. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitors will be an emerging anti-fibrosis therapy, although we are still in the pre-clinical stage of using epigenetic markers as potential targets for biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zanjirband M, Rahgozar S. Targeting p53-MDM2 Interaction Using Small Molecule Inhibitors and the Challenges Needed to be Addressed. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1091-1111. [PMID: 30947669 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190402120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MDM2 protein is the core negative regulator of p53 that maintains the cellular levels of p53 at a low level in normal cells. Mutation of the TP53 gene accounts for 50% of all human cancers. In the remaining malignancies with wild-type TP53, p53 function is inhibited through other mechanisms. Recently, synthetic small molecule inhibitors have been developed which target a small hydrophobic pocket on MDM2 to which p53 normally binds. Given that MDM2-p53 antagonists have been undergoing clinical trials for different types of cancer, this review illustrates different aspects of these new cancer targeted therapeutic agents with the focus on the major advances in the field. It emphasizes on the p53 function, regulation of p53, targeting of the p53-MDM2 interaction for cancer therapy, and p53-dependent and -independent effects of inhibition of p53-MDM2 interaction. Then, representatives of small molecule MDM2-p53 binding antagonists are introduced with a focus on those entered into clinical trials. Furthermore, the review discusses the gene signatures in order to predict sensitivity to MDM2 antagonists, potential side effects and the reasons for the observed hematotoxicity, mechanisms of resistance to these drugs, their evaluation as monotherapy or in combination with conventional chemotherapy or with other targeted therapeutic agents. Finally, it highlights the certainly intriguing questions and challenges which would be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zanjirband
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Azadi Square, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Azadi Square, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shattuck-Brandt RL, Chen SC, Murray E, Johnson CA, Crandall H, O'Neal JF, Al-Rohil RN, Nebhan CA, Bharti V, Dahlman KB, Ayers GD, Yan C, Kelley MC, Kauffmann RM, Hooks M, Grau A, Johnson DB, Vilgelm AE, Richmond A. Metastatic Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenografts Respond to MDM2 Inhibition as a Single Agent or in Combination with BRAF/MEK Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3803-3818. [PMID: 32234759 PMCID: PMC7367743 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over 60% of patients with melanoma respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, but many subsequently progress on these therapies. Second-line targeted therapy is based on BRAF mutation status, but no available agents are available for NRAS, NF1, CDKN2A, PTEN, and TP53 mutations. Over 70% of melanoma tumors have activation of the MAPK pathway due to BRAF or NRAS mutations, while loss or mutation of CDKN2A occurs in approximately 40% of melanomas, resulting in unregulated MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of over-riding MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 in melanoma with an MDM2 inhibitor that interrupts MDM2 ubiquitination of p53, treating tumor-bearing mice with the MDM2 inhibitor alone or combined with MAPK-targeted therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To characterize the ability of the MDM2 antagonist, KRT-232, to inhibit tumor growth, we established patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from 15 patients with melanoma. Mice were treated with KRT-232 or a combination with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. Tumor growth, gene mutation status, as well as protein and protein-phosphoprotein changes, were analyzed. RESULTS One-hundred percent of the 15 PDX tumors exhibited significant growth inhibition either in response to KRT-232 alone or in combination with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. Only BRAFV600WT tumors responded to KRT-232 treatment alone while BRAFV600E/M PDXs exhibited a synergistic response to the combination of KRT-232 and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS KRT-232 is an effective therapy for the treatment of either BRAFWT or PAN WT (BRAFWT, NRASWT) TP53WT melanomas. In combination with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors, KRT-232 may be an effective treatment strategy for BRAFV600-mutant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Shattuck-Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher Andrew Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Holly Crandall
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jamye F O'Neal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rami Nayef Al-Rohil
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Caroline A Nebhan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vijaya Bharti
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kimberly B Dahlman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark C Kelley
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rondi M Kauffmann
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mary Hooks
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ana Grau
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Konopleva M, Martinelli G, Daver N, Papayannidis C, Wei A, Higgins B, Ott M, Mascarenhas J, Andreeff M. MDM2 inhibition: an important step forward in cancer therapy. Leukemia 2020; 34:2858-2874. [PMID: 32651541 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the interaction between tumor suppressor p53 and the E3 ligase MDM2 represents an attractive treatment approach for cancers with wild-type or functional TP53. Indeed, several small molecules have been developed and evaluated in various malignancies. We provide an overview of MDM2 inhibitors under preclinical and clinical investigation, with a focus on molecules with ongoing clinical trials, as indicated by ClinicalTrials.gov . Because preclinical and clinical exploration of combination strategies is underway, data supporting these combinations are also described. We identified the following molecules for inclusion in this review: RG7112 (RO5045337), idasanutlin (RG7388), AMG-232 (KRT-232), APG-115, BI-907828, CGM097, siremadlin (HDM201), and milademetan (DS-3032b). Information about each MDM2 inhibitor was collected from major congress records and PubMed using the following search terms: each molecule name, "MDM2"and "HDM2." Only congress records were limited by date (January 1, 2012-March 6, 2020). Special attention was given to available data in hematologic malignancies; however, available safety data in any indication are reported. Overall, targeting MDM2 is a promising treatment strategy, as evidenced by the increasing number of MDM2 inhibitors entering the clinic. Additional clinical investigation is needed to further elucidate the role of MDM2 inhibitors in the treatment of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRST IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A". Seràgnoli, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew Wei
- The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marion Ott
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mortezaee K, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization. CURRENT CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 14:41-53. [PMID: 30360725 DOI: 10.2174/1574884713666181025141559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, ionizing radiation is used for several applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and nuclear power generation. Besides the beneficial roles of ionizing radiation, there are some concerns about accidental exposure to radioactive sources. The threat posed by its use in terrorism is of global concern. Furthermore, there are several side effects to normal organs for patients who had undergone radiation treatment for cancer. Hence, the modulation of radiation response in normal tissues was one of the most important aims of radiobiology. Although, so far, several agents have been investigated for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Agents such as amifostine may lead to severe toxicity, while others may interfere with radiation therapy outcomes as a result of tumor protection. Metformin is a natural agent that is well known as an antidiabetic drug. It has shown some antioxidant effects and enhances DNA repair capacity, thereby ameliorating cell death following exposure to radiation. Moreover, through targeting endogenous ROS production within cells, it can mitigate radiation injury. This could potentially make it an effective radiation countermeasure. In contrast to other radioprotectors, metformin has shown modulatory effects through induction of several genes such as AMPK, which suppresses reduction/ oxidation (redox) reactions, protects cells from accumulation of unrepaired DNA, and attenuates initiation of inflammation as well as fibrotic pathways. Interestingly, these properties of metformin can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION In this article, we aimed to review the interesting properties of metformin such as radioprotection, radiomitigation and radiosensitization, which could make it an interesting adjuvant for clinical radiotherapy, as well as an interesting candidate for mitigation of radiation injury after a radiation disaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed E Musa
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yi H, Yan X, Luo Q, Yuan L, Li B, Pan W, Zhang L, Chen H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhai Y, Qiu MZ, Yang DJ. A novel small molecule inhibitor of MDM2-p53 (APG-115) enhances radiosensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:97. [PMID: 29716622 PMCID: PMC5930807 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Radiation alone or combined with chemotherapy plays important role in locally advanced and metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. MDM2-p53 interaction and downstream signaling affect cellular response to DNA damage which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, restoring p53 function by inhibiting its interaction with MDM2 is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. APG-115 is a novel small molecule inhibitor which blocks the interaction of MDM2 and p53. In this study, we investigated that the radiosensitivity of APG-115 in gastric adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The role of APG-115 in six gastric cancer cells viability in vitro was determined by CCK-8 assay. The expression level of MDM2, p21, PUMA and BAX in AGS and MKN45 cell lines was measured via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The function of treatment groups on cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected through Flow Cytometry assay. Clonogenic assays were used to measure the radiosensitivity of APG-115 in p53 wild type gastric cancer cell lines. Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expressions of mdm2-p53 signal pathway. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the radiosensitivity role of APG-115 in gastric cancer cells in vivo. RESULTS We found that radiosensitization by APG-115 occurred in p53 wild-type gastric cancer cells. Increasing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was observed after administration of APG-115 and radiation. Radiosensitivity of APG-115 was mainly dependent on MDM2-p53 signal pathway. In vivo, APG-115 combined with radiation decreased xenograft tumor growth much more significantly than either single treatment. Moreover, the number of proliferating cells (Ki-67) significantly decreased in combination group compared with single treatment group. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we found that combination of MDM2-p53 inhibitor (APG-115) and radiotherapy can enhance antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report on radiosensitivity of APG-115 which shed light on clinical trial of the combination therapy of radiation with APG-115 in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Yi
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- YinZhou hospital affiliated to medical school of NingBo University, NingBo, 315000, ZheJiang Province, China
| | - Xianglei Yan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiuyun Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Luping Yuan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wentao Pan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Peking University shenzhen hospital, Shenzhen, 518063, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Ascentage Pharma, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Suzhou Ascentage Pharma Inc., Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Da-Jun Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Suzhou Ascentage Pharma Inc., Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chowdhury FA, Hossain MK, Mostofa AGM, Akbor MM, Bin Sayeed MS. Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Glioblastoma Treatment: Targeting Major Gliomagenesis Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4010629. [PMID: 29651429 PMCID: PMC5831880 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4010629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most devastating brain tumors with median survival of one year and presents unique challenges to therapy because of its aggressive behavior. Current treatment strategy involves surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy even though optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach and knowledge of potential complications from both the disease and its treatment. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive component of Nigella sativa L., has exhibited anticancer effects in numerous preclinical studies. Due to its multitargeting nature, TQ interferes in a wide range of tumorigenic processes and counteract carcinogenesis, malignant growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. TQ can specifically sensitize tumor cells towards conventional cancer treatments and minimize therapy-associated toxic effects in normal cells. Its potential to enter brain via nasal pathway due to volatile nature of TQ adds another advantage in overcoming blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarized the potential role of TQ in different signaling pathways in GBM that have undergone treatment with standard therapeutic modalities or with TQ. Altogether, we suggest further comprehensive evaluation of TQ in preclinical and clinical level to delineate its implied utility as novel therapeutics to combat the challenges for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabliha Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - A. G. M. Mostofa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Maruf Mohammad Akbor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kelleher FC, O'Sullivan H. FOXM1 in sarcoma: role in cell cycle, pluripotency genes and stem cell pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42792-42804. [PMID: 27074562 PMCID: PMC5173172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 is a pro-proliferative transcription factor that promotes cell cycle progression at the G1-S, and G2-M transitions. It is activated by phosphorylation usually mediated by successive cyclin – cyclin dependent kinase complexes, and is highly expressed in sarcoma. p53 down regulates FOXM1 and FOXM1 inhibition is also partly dependent on Rb and p21. Abnormalities of p53 or Rb are frequent in sporadic sarcomas with bone or soft tissue sarcoma, accounting for 36% of index cancers in the high penetrance TP53 germline disorder, Li-Fraumeni syndrome. FOXM1 stimulates transcription of pluripotency related genes including SOX2, KLF4, OCT4, and NANOG many of which are important in sarcoma, a disorder of mesenchymal stem cell/ partially committed progenitor cells. In a selected specific, SOX2 is uniformly expressed in synovial sarcoma. Embryonic pathways preferentially used in stem cell such as Hippo, Hedgehog, and Wnt dominate in FOXM1 stoichiometry to alter rates of FOXM1 production or degradation. In undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, liposarcoma, and fibrosarcoma, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway increases expression of the effector co-transcriptional activator Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). A complex involving YAP and the transcription factor TEAD elevates FOXM1 in these sarcoma subtypes. In another scenario 80% of desmoid tumors have nuclear localization of β-catenin, the Wnt pathway effector molecule. Thiazole antibiotics inhibit FOXM1 and because they have an auto-regulator loop FOXM1 expression is also inhibited. Current systemic treatment of sarcoma is of limited efficacy and inhibiting FOXM1 represents a potential new strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fergal C Kelleher
- St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Werner LR, Kler JS, Gressett MM, Riegert M, Werner LK, Heinze CM, Kern JG, Abbariki M, Erbe AK, Patel RB, Sriramaneni RN, Harari PM, Morris ZS. Transcriptional-mediated effects of radiation on the expression of immune susceptibility markers in melanoma. Radiother Oncol 2017; 124:418-426. [PMID: 28893414 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We recently reported a time-sensitive, cooperative, anti-tumor effect elicited by radiation (RT) and intra-tumoral-immunocytokine injection in vivo. We hypothesized that RT triggers transcriptional-mediated changes in tumor expression of immune susceptibility markers at delayed time points, which may explain these previously observed time-dependent effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the time course of changes in expression of immune susceptibility markers following in vitro or in vivo RT in B78 murine melanoma and A375 human melanoma using flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and qPCR. RESULTS Flow cytometry and immunoblot revealed time-dependent increases in expression of death receptors and T cell co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory ligands following RT in murine and human melanoma. Using high-throughput qPCR, we observed comparable time courses of RT-induced transcriptional upregulation for multiple immune susceptibility markers. We confirmed analogous changes in B78 tumors irradiated in vivo. We observed upregulated expression of DNA damage response markers days prior to changes in immune markers, whereas phosphorylation of the STAT1 transcription factor occurred concurrently with changes following RT. CONCLUSION This study highlights time-dependent, transcription-mediated changes in tumor immune susceptibility marker expression following RT. These findings may help in the design of strategies to optimize sequencing of RT and immunotherapy in translational and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn R Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Jasdeep S Kler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Monica M Gressett
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Maureen Riegert
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Lindsey K Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Clinton M Heinze
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Joseph G Kern
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Mahyar Abbariki
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Raghava N Sriramaneni
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tisato V, Voltan R, Gonelli A, Secchiero P, Zauli G. MDM2/X inhibitors under clinical evaluation: perspectives for the management of hematological malignancies and pediatric cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:133. [PMID: 28673313 PMCID: PMC5496368 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The two murine double minute (MDM) family members MDM2 and MDMX are at the center of an intense clinical assessment as molecular target for the management of cancer. Indeed, the two proteins act as regulators of P53, a well-known key controller of the cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation that, when altered, plays a direct role on cancer development and progression. Several evidence demonstrated that functional aberrations of P53 in tumors are in most cases the consequence of alterations on the MDM2 and MDMX regulatory proteins, in particular in patients with hematological malignancies where TP53 shows a relatively low frequency of mutation while MDM2 and MDMX are frequently found amplified/overexpressed. The pharmacological targeting of these two P53-regulators in order to restore or increase P53 expression and activity represents therefore a strategy for cancer therapy. From the discovery of the Nutlins in 2004, several compounds have been developed and reported with the ability of targeting the P53-MDM2/X axis by inhibiting MDM2 and/or MDMX. From natural compounds up to small molecules and stapled peptides, these MDM2/X pharmacological inhibitors have been extensively studied, revealing different biological features and different rate of efficacy when tested in in vitro and in vivo experimental tumor models. The data/evidence coming from the preclinical experimentation have allowed the identification of the most promising molecules and the setting of clinical studies for their evaluation as monotherapy or in therapeutic combination with conventional chemotherapy or with innovative therapeutic protocols in different tumor settings. Preliminary results have been recently published reporting data about safety, tolerability, potential side effects, and efficacy of such therapeutic approaches. In this light, the aim of this review is to give an updated overview about the state of the art of the clinical evaluation of MDM2/X inhibitor compounds with a special attention to hematological malignancies and to the potential for the management of pediatric cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tisato
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Voltan
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prabakaran PJ, Javaid AM, Swick AD, Werner LR, Nickel KP, Sampene E, Hu R, Ong IM, Bruce JY, Hartig GK, Wieland AM, Canon J, Harari PM, Kimple RJ. Radiosensitization of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with MDM2 Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6044-6053. [PMID: 28659312 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer arising from the major or minor salivary gland tissues of the head and neck. There are currently no approved systemic agents or known radiosensitizers for ACC. Unlike the more common head and neck squamous cell carcinomas that frequently harbor TP53 mutations, ACCs contain TP53 mutations at a rate of <5%, rendering them an attractive target for MDM2 inhibition.Experimental Design: We report the successful establishment and detailed characterization of a TP53-WT ACC patient-derived xenograft (PDX), which retained the histologic features of the original patient tumor. We evaluated this model for response to the MDM2 inhibitor AMG 232 as monotherapy and in combination with radiotherapy.Results: AMG 232 monotherapy induced modest tumor growth inhibition, and radiation monotherapy induced a transient tumor growth delay in a dose-dependent fashion. Strikingly, combination treatment of AMG 232 with radiotherapy (including low-dose radiotherapy of 2 Gy/fraction) induced dramatic tumor response and high local tumor control rates 3 months following treatment. Posttreatment analysis revealed that although both AMG 232 and radiotherapy alone induced TP53 tumor-suppressive activities, combination therapy amplified this response with potent induction of apoptosis after combination treatment.Conclusions: These data identify that MDM2 inhibition can provide potent radiosensitization in TP53-WT ACC. In light of the absence of effective systemic agents for ACC, the powerful response profile observed here suggests that clinical trial evaluation of this drug/radiotherapy combination may be warranted to improve local control in this challenging malignancy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6044-53. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth J Prabakaran
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amal M Javaid
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Adam D Swick
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauryn R Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kwangok P Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Emmanuel Sampene
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rong Hu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justine Y Bruce
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gregory K Hartig
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aaron M Wieland
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jude Canon
- Oncology Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Radiation-agent combinations for glioblastoma: challenges in drug development and future considerations. J Neurooncol 2017; 134:551-557. [PMID: 28560665 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive disease characterized by moderate initial response rates to first-line radiation-chemotherapy intervention followed by low poor response rates to second-line intervention. This article discusses novel strategic platforms for the development of radiation-investigational agent combination clinical trials for primary and recurrent glioblastoma in a NCI-NCTN settings with simultaneous analysis of challenges in the drug development process.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ciemny MP, Debinski A, Paczkowska M, Kolinski A, Kurcinski M, Kmiecik S. Protein-peptide molecular docking with large-scale conformational changes: the p53-MDM2 interaction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37532. [PMID: 27905468 PMCID: PMC5131342 DOI: 10.1038/srep37532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-peptide interactions are often associated with large-scale conformational changes that are difficult to study either by classical molecular modeling or by experiment. Recently, we have developed the CABS-dock method for flexible protein-peptide docking that enables large-scale rearrangements of the protein chain. In this study, we use CABS-dock to investigate the binding of the p53-MDM2 complex, an element of the cell cycle regulation system crucial for anti-cancer drug design. Experimental data suggest that p53-MDM2 binding is affected by significant rearrangements of a lid region - the N-terminal highly flexible MDM2 fragment; however, the details are not clear. The large size of the highly flexible MDM2 fragments makes p53-MDM2 intractable for exhaustive binding dynamics studies using atomistic models. We performed extensive dynamics simulations using the CABS-dock method, including large-scale structural rearrangements of MDM2 flexible regions. Without a priori knowledge of the p53 peptide structure or its binding site, we obtained near-native models of the p53-MDM2 complex. The simulation results match well the experimental data and provide new insights into the possible role of the lid fragment in p53 binding. The presented case study demonstrates that CABS-dock methodology opens up new opportunities for protein-peptide docking with large-scale changes of the protein receptor structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Pawel Ciemny
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | | | - Marta Paczkowska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kolinski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults. Despite aggressive treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, these tumors are incurable and invariably recur. Molecular characterization of these tumors in recent years has advanced our understanding of gliomagenesis and offered an array of pathways that can be specifically targeted. Areas covered: The most commonly dysregulated signaling pathways found in gliomas will be discussed, as well as the biologic importance of these disrupted pathways and how each may contribute to tumor development. Our knowledge regarding these pathways are most relevant to Grade IV glioma/glioblastoma, but we will also discuss genomic categorization of low grade glioma. Further, drugs targeting single pathways, which have undergone early phase clinical trials will be reviewed, followed by an in depth discussion of emerging treatments on the horizon, which will include inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and receptor tyrosine kinases, Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase (PI3K), angiogenesis, cell cycle and mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. Expert opinion: Results from single agent targeted therapy trials have been modest. Lack of efficacy may stem from a combination of poor blood brain barrier penetration, the genetically heterogeneous make-up of the tumors and the emergence of resistance mechanisms. These factors can be overcome by rational drug design that capitalizes on ways to target critical pathways and limits upregulation of redundant pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Miller
- a Neuro-Oncology Fellow, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- b Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham Cancer Center, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, and Harvard Medical School , Boston , USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nör F, Warner KA, Zhang Z, Acasigua GA, Pearson AT, Kerk SA, Helman JI, Sant'Ana Filho M, Wang S, Nör JE. Therapeutic Inhibition of the MDM2-p53 Interaction Prevents Recurrence of Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1036-1048. [PMID: 27550999 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Conventional chemotherapy has modest efficacy in advanced adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC). Tumor recurrence is a major challenge in the management of ACC patients. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effect of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction (MI-773) combined with cisplatin in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) ACC tumors.Experimental Design: Therapeutic strategies with MI-773 and/or cisplatin were evaluated in SCID mice harboring PDX ACC tumors (UM-PDX-HACC-5) and in low passage primary human ACC cells (UM-HACC-2A, -2B, -5, -6) in vitro The effect of therapy on the fraction of cancer stem cells (CSC) was determined by flow cytometry for ALDH activity and CD44 expression.Results: Combined therapy with MI-773 with cisplatin caused p53 activation, induction of apoptosis, and regression of ACC PDX tumors. Western blots revealed induction of MDM2, p53 and downstream p21 expression, and regulation of apoptosis-related proteins PUMA, BAX, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and active caspase-9 upon MI-773 treatment. Both single-agent MI-773 and MI-773 combined with cisplatin decreased the fraction of CSCs in PDX ACC tumors. Notably, neoadjuvant MI-773 and surgery eliminated tumor recurrences during a postsurgical follow-up of more than 300 days. In contrast, 62.5% of mice that received vehicle control presented with palpable tumor recurrences within this time period (P = 0.0097).Conclusions: Collectively, these data demonstrate that therapeutic inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction by MI-773 decreased the CSC fraction, sensitized ACC xenograft tumors to cisplatin, and eliminated tumor recurrence. These results suggest that patients with ACC might benefit from the therapeutic inhibition of the MDM2-p53 interaction. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 1036-48. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kristy A Warner
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhaocheng Zhang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gerson A Acasigua
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexander T Pearson
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samuel A Kerk
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph I Helman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Manoel Sant'Ana Filho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu HC, Ma F, Shen Y, Hu YQ, Pan S. Overexpression of SMAR1 Enhances Radiosensitivity in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF7 via Activation of p53 Signaling Pathway. Oncol Res 2016; 22:293-300. [PMID: 26629941 PMCID: PMC7842601 DOI: 10.3727/096504015x14424348426035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effect of overexpression of SMAR1 (scaffold/matrix-associated region-binding protein 1) on cell radiosensitivity in breast cancer, as well as elucidate its regulatory mechanism. We constructed a lentiviral expression system to successfully overexpress SMAR1 in human breast cancer cell line MCF7. In addition, overexpression of SMAR1 in MCF7 cells enhanced the radiosensitivity to (89)SrCl2. Moreover, overexpression of SMAR1 significantly induced cell apoptosis rate and G2/M phase arrest under the irradiation of (89)SrCl2. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that overexpression of SMAR1 in MCF cells significantly increased the expression levels of pP53 (ser15), pP53 (ser20), acP53, and p21 and obviously decreased the expression of MDM2 under the irradiation of (89)SrCl2. Notably, these expression changes could be neutralized by PFTα, an inhibitor of p53 signaling pathway that could inhibit p53-dependent transactivation of p53-responsive genes. Therefore, overexpression of SMAR1 may increase radiosensitivity to (89)SrCl2 in breast cancer cell line MCF7 by p53-dependent G2/M checkpoint arrest and apoptosis. Enhanced expression of SMAR1 in tumors will help to improve the clinical efficiency of radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-chao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lemos A, Leão M, Soares J, Palmeira A, Pinto M, Saraiva L, Sousa ME. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies to Disrupt the p53-MDM2/MDMX Interaction. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:789-844. [PMID: 27302609 DOI: 10.1002/med.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth inhibitory activity of p53 tumor suppressor is tightly regulated by interaction with two negative regulatory proteins, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and X (MDMX), which are overexpressed in about half of all human tumors. The elucidation of crystallographic structures of MDM2/MDMX complexes with p53 has been pivotal for the identification of several classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction. The present review provides in silico strategies and screening approaches used in drug discovery as well as an overview of the most relevant classes of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction, their progress in pipeline, and highlights particularities of each class of inhibitors. Most of the progress made with high-throughput screening has led to the development of inhibitors belonging to the cis-imidazoline, piperidinone, and spiro-oxindole series. However, novel potent and selective classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction with promising antitumor activity are emerging. Even with the discovery of the 3D structure of complex p53-MDMX, only two small molecules were reported as selective p53-MDMX antagonists, WK298 and SJ-172550. Dual inhibition of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction has shown to be an alternative approach since it results in full activation of the p53-dependent pathway. The knowledge of structural requirements crucial to the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDMs interactions has enabled the identification of novel antitumor agents with improved in vivo efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Lemos
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Leão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Takebe N, Ahmed MM, Vikram B, Bernhard EJ, Zwiebel J, Norman Coleman C, Kunos CA. Radiation-Therapeutic Agent Clinical Trials: Leveraging Advantages of a National Cancer Institute Programmatic Collaboration. Semin Radiat Oncol 2016; 26:271-80. [PMID: 27619249 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of oncology phase II radiochemotherapy trials with promising results have been conducted late in the overall experimental therapeutic agent development process. Accelerated development and approval of experimental therapeutic agents have stimulated further interest in much earlier radiation-agent studies to increase the likelihood of success in phase III trials. To sustain this interest, more forward-thinking preclinical radiobiology experimental designs are needed to improve discovery of promising radiochemotherapy plus agent combinations for clinical trial testing. These experimental designs should better inform next-step radiation-agent clinical trial dose, schedule, exposure, and therapeutic effect. Recognizing the need for a better strategy to develop preclinical data supporting radiation-agent phase I or II trials, the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) and the NCI-Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch of the Radiation Research Program have partnered to promote earlier radiobiology studies of CTEP portfolio agents. In this Seminars in Radiation Oncology article, four key components of this effort are discussed. First, we outline steps for accessing CTEP agents for preclinical testing. Second, we propose radiobiology studies that facilitate transition from preclinical testing to early phase trial activation. Third, we navigate steps that walk through CTEP agent strategic development paths available for radiation-agent testing. Fourth, we highlight a new NCI-sponsored cooperative agreement grant supporting in vitro and in vivo radiation-CTEP agent testing that informs early phase trial designs. Throughout the article, we include contemporary examples of successful radiation-agent development initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takebe
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Eric J Bernhard
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - James Zwiebel
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Charles A Kunos
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Verreault M, Schmitt C, Goldwirt L, Pelton K, Haidar S, Levasseur C, Guehennec J, Knoff D, Labussière M, Marie Y, Ligon AH, Mokhtari K, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Alexander BM, Wen PY, Delattre JY, Ligon KL, Idbaih A. Preclinical Efficacy of the MDM2 Inhibitor RG7112 in MDM2-Amplified and TP53 Wild-type Glioblastomas. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1185-96. [PMID: 26482041 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE p53 pathway alterations are key molecular events in glioblastoma (GBM). MDM2 inhibitors increase expression and stability of p53 and are presumed to be most efficacious in patients with TP53 wild-type and MDM2-amplified cancers. However, this biomarker hypothesis has not been tested in patients or patient-derived models for GBM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a preclinical evaluation of RG7112 MDM2 inhibitor, across a panel of 36 patient-derived GBM cell lines (PDCL), each genetically characterized according to their P53 pathway status. We then performed a pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling of RG7112 distribution in mice and evaluated the therapeutic activity of RG7112 in orthotopic and subcutaneous GBM models. RESULTS MDM2-amplified PDCLs were 44 times more sensitive than TP53-mutated lines that showed complete resistance at therapeutically attainable concentrations (avg. IC50 of 0.52 μmol/L vs. 21.9 μmol/L). MDM4-amplified PDCLs were highly sensitive but showed intermediate response (avg. IC50 of 1.2 μmol/L), whereas response was heterogeneous in TP53 wild-type PDCLs with normal MDM2/4 levels (avg. IC50 of 7.7 μmol/L). In MDM2-amplified lines, RG7112 restored p53 activity inducing robust p21 expression and apoptosis. PK profiling of RG7112-treated PDCL intracranial xenografts demonstrated that the compound significantly crosses the blood-brain and the blood-tumor barriers. Most importantly, treatment of MDM2-amplified/TP53 wild-type PDCL-derived model (subcutaneous and orthotopic) reduced tumor growth, was cytotoxic, and significantly increased survival. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly support development of MDM2 inhibitors for clinical testing in MDM2-amplified GBM patients. Moreover, significant efficacy in a subset of non-MDM2-amplified models suggests that additional markers of response to MDM2 inhibitors must be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Verreault
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, Centre de neuroimagerie de recherche, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Schmitt
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Lauriane Goldwirt
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, Paris, France
| | - Kristine Pelton
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samer Haidar
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Camille Levasseur
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Guehennec
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - David Knoff
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne Labussière
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Marie
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Azra H Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie R Escourolle, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Khê Hoang-Xuan
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie R Escourolle, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie R Escourolle, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. OncoNeuroThèque biobank, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Brian M Alexander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie R Escourolle, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. OncoNeuroThèque biobank, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, ICM, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie R Escourolle, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|